UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission File Number: 001-34754

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yeso No x

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of the Securities Exchange Act 1934.

Yeso No x

Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yesx No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yeso No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicated by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17oItem 18 o

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yeso No x

CHINA NEW BORUN CORPORATION 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this annual report on Form 20-F to:

Discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding.

We completed our initial public offering of 5,725,000 ADSs on June 16, 2010. Our ADSs are listed on the NYSE, under the symbol “BORN.”

Unless otherwise noted, all translations from RMB to U.S. dollars were made at a rate of RMB 6.30096.2855 to $1.00 as published by the People’s Bank of China on December 31, 2011.2012. We make no representation that the RMB amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at any particular rate or at all. See also Item 3.A, “Key Information - Selected Financial Data - Exchange Rate Information.”

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report on Form 20-F, including in particular Item 3.D, “Key information — Risk Factors,” Item 4, “Information on the Company” and Item 5, “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” contains statements that relate to future events, including our future operating results and conditions, our prospects and our future financial performance and condition. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by words or phrases such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plans,” “possible,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “will,” “would,” negatives of such terms or other expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements relating to:

The forward-looking statements contained in this annual report speak only as of the date of this annual report or, if obtained from third-party studies or reports, the date of the corresponding study or report, and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this annual report. Since we operate in an emerging and evolving environment and new risk factors emerge from time to time, you should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Except as otherwise required by the securities laws of the United States, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this annual report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. All forward-looking statements contained in this annual report are qualified by reference to this cautionary statement. 

PART I.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

A.    Selected Financial Data

The following audited consolidated statements of operations data for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, and the audited balance sheet data as of December 31, 20102011 and 20112012 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, which are included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected historical consolidated statementstatements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 20072008 and 20082009 and the selected historical consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 20092010 set forth below are derived from our audited historical consolidated financial statements, which are not included in this annual report. Historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for future periods. The following data is qualified in its entirety by and should be read in conjunction with Item 5, “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. Our audited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP), and have been audited by BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. Our historical results for any period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected in any future period.

Selected Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

Exchange Rate Information

Our business is conducted in China and all of our revenue and the majority of our expenses are denominated in Renminbi. This annual report contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollar amounts were made at a rate of RMB 6.30096.2855 to USD 1.00 as published by the People’s Bank of China on December 31, 2011.2012. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollars for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this annual report or will use in the preparation of our periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you. The exchange rate of Renminbi per U.S. dollar as published by the People’s Bank of China was RMB6.3035RMB6.2415 to $1.00 as of April 5, 2012.22, 2013.

Source: the People’s Bank of China Statistical Release

B.   Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

C.   Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D.   Risk Factors

An investment in the ADSs involves significant risks. You should consider carefully the material risks described below and all of the information contained in this annual report before deciding whether to purchase any ADSs. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by these risks if any of them actually occur. The trading price of the ADSs could decline due to any of these risks, and an investor may lose all or part of his investment. This filing also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described below and elsewhere in this annual report.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMPANY

If we fail to accurately project demand for our products, we may encounter problems of over capacity, which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as damage our reputation and brand.

Historically, edible alcohol production capacity has exceeded actual market demand. Due to the rapid growth of market demand, we believe market demand for edible alcohol is likely to exceed production capacity in the PRC in the next few years. We have planned our expansion assuming a reduction in market supply based on the national industry policies to close “backward” smaller manufacturers with a production capacity of less than 30,000 tons per year (see Item 4.B, “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Regulation”), the haltsuspension in approvals for new corn deep-processing production capacitiesprojects in principle, and the growth in demand for edible alcohol driven by the PRC Chinesebaijiu industry. If supply of edible alcohol in the PRC is not in fact reduced or if the PRC government began to approve new production capacities or there is no, or little, growth in demand for edible alcohol as we have expected, we may encounter difficulties in selling our increased production capacity, which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our Shouguang and Daqing facilities have signed pre-sales contracts and letters of intent with major customers worth a total of approximately 90% of our total edible alcohol production capacity forCurrently, the year ending December 31, 2012 that provide for minimum purchases equal to an aggregate of 340,000 tons of edible alcohol. However, these sales are made through monthly purchase orders similar to those placed by our otherfrom customers (see Item 4.B, “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Our Customers and Methods of Distribution of Our Products”). Purchase orders are typically placed on a monthly basis, and we take such orders into account when we formulate our overall operation plans. We project demand for our products based on rolling projections from our customers and customer inventory levels. The varying sales and purchasing cycles of our customers, however, make it difficult for us to accurately forecast future demand for our products. Our inability to accurately predict and to timely meet demand, or the failure of our 2012 contract purchasers to take up their contracted volume of our products, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Although we were able to operate at full capacity from 2007 to 2011, in the fourth quarter of 2012, the industry faced headwind from a ban on serving high-endbaijiu at official banquets and consumers’ concerns caused by media reports that claims to have found traces of plasticizers in bottledbaijiu, which caused a sales decline forbaijiu and softened the demand for edible alcohol. As a result, we did not fully utilize our capacity and reached approximately 86.2% of the total capacity in 2012. We did not sign pre-sale contracts for edible alcohol for 2013. If the demand for edible alcohol does not increase at a pace as we expected or at all, we may encounter difficulties in selling our increased production capacity, which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

Our inability to expand or to manage the expansion of our production capacity and growth could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and result in a loss of business opportunities.

We plan to continue to expand our production capacity at our Daqing facility.capacity. However, we may be unsuccessful in the timely or cost-efficient expansion of our production capacity. This project and others may not be constructed on the anticipated timetable or within budget. Any material delay in completing these projects, or any substantial increase in costs or quality issues in connection with these projects, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and result in a loss of business opportunities.

Furthermore, we have limited operational, administrative and financial resources, which may be inadequate to sustain the growth we want to achieve. We have experienced a period of rapid growth and expansion that has placed, and will continue to place, strain on our management personnel, systems and resources. To accommodate our growth pursuant to our strategies, we anticipate that we will need to implement a variety of new and upgraded operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, and improve our accounting and other internal management systems, all of which require substantial management efforts and financial resources. We will also need to continue to expand, train, manage and motivate our workforce, and effectively manage our relationships with our customers and suppliers. All of these endeavors will require substantial management effort and skills and the incurrence of additional expenditures. We cannot assure you that we will be able to efficiently or effectively implement our growth strategies and manage the growth of our operations, and any failure to do so may limit our future growth and hamper our business strategy.

In addition, in Daqing, we rely on the use of a government-owned rail station in close proximity to our Daqing facility to transport our products, including our planned expanded production, to our customers. Although we have not previously been restricted from its use, the government may prohibit our use of such station at anytime.If this were to occur, or if we were to lose access to the station for any reason, we would be required to transport our products to the next closest rail station by truck, which would increase our costs of transportation, have an adverse effect on our profit margin and inhibit our expansion and growth.

Rising prices of our raw materials could yield lower margins for our products if we are unable to pass such rising prices on to our customers, which could reduce our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business.

The key raw materials used in the production of our products are corn and coal. Changes in the prices for these raw materials would significantly affect our cost of goods sold. In general, rising prices of corn and coal will produce lower profit margins for us if we are unable to pass such rising costs on to our customers. Whether we can pass suchmost of the rising costs on to our customers depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to corn and coal pricing and consumer market conditions. The price of corn is influenced by weather conditions and other factors affecting crop yields, farmer planting decisions and general economic, market and regulatory factors. These factors include government policies and subsidies with respect to agriculture and international trade, and global and local demand and supply. The price of coal is influenced by a variety of factors, including market conditions, mine operating costs, coal quality, transportation costs, fluctuations in demand by other industry sectors, such as power plants, and the cost of alternative fuels. The significance and relative effect of these factors on the price of corn and coal is difficult to predict. In addition, although our supply contracts provide us access to corn at prices which we believe have historically been below the spot market price in the off season and times of high price volatility (due to crop failure and other factors), we have no contracts or derivative instruments in place that effectively hedge against the fluctuations in the price of our raw materials as our corn purchase and edible alcohol sales contracts are priced based on market conditions. Any event that tends to negatively affect the supply of these raw materials could increase prices and potentially harm our business. To the extent that we cannot fully pass on the price increases in raw materials to our customers, or at all, our business and profitability would be materially and adversely affected.

For more information, see discussion in the following risk factor.

If we are unable to access corn of the quality required to meet our production standards, or if we are unable to obtain a sufficient supply of raw materials from our suppliers, or at all, our business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.

From time to time we may be unable to access corn of the quality and type that meets our production standards, which could adversely affect our financial performance. For example, if the corn is too wet or if the starch content of the corn is too low, we would be required to purchase and then process larger quantities of such lower-quality corn in order to maintain the same quality in the production of our edible alcohol, and such increased raw material cost, as well as increased energy costs of burning more coal in order to process the increased amount of corn, would reduce our profit margins. Furthermore, our extended inability to obtain and process corn of the required quality would also reduce our annual production.

If we experience a shortage in the supply of corn in the future, irrespective of quality, our production capacities and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected. We intendpurchased 300,000 tons of corn directly from local farmers during the harvest seasons in 2013. In addition to that, we also plan to source corn for at least five months’ demand in the non-harvest seasonapproximately 200,000 tons of 2012corn through framework agreements with local granaries in Heilongjiang Province (where we believe corn prices are the lowest in Northeastern China). According to such framework agreements, we engage the granaries to purchase corn from local farmers in order to satisfy corn requirements of our Shouguang and Daqing facilities during the non-harvest season in 2012.2013. The granaries also store the corn for us and obtain loans from the Agricultural Development Bank(“Bank (“ADB”), to carry out the purchase of corn on our behalf (see Item 4.B, “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Our Competitive Strengths - Corn Sourcing Arrangements”). If we lose any of these significant sources of corn through crop failure or through the failure by the granaries or the ADB to abide by the material terms of our sourcing arrangements, we would be required to purchase corn at less favorable prices which could adversely affect our profit margins. Also, there is no guarantee that we will realize savings through our sourcing arrangements since we are liable for the price of corn from the granaries will include but not limit to their interest payments on the bank loans between the granaries andto ADB and other charges by the granaries like transportationshipping costs and storage costs. Wehandling fee. If the framework agreements are not executed for whatever reason or we otherwise require additional or alternative sources of corn, we may also have difficulty finding alternativesuch sources of corn on satisfactory terms in a timely manner, or at all, which could cause us not to operate at full capacity. Identifying and accessing additional or alternative sources may increase our costs and extended lack of raw materials will reduce production capacity which would have a materially adverse effect on our financial performance.

We rely on a steady supply of coal to power our production facilities. If we experience a shortage of coal, our business could be adversely affected. We currently have relationships with nine suppliersofsix suppliers of coal, however we do not have any long-term supply agreements in place with these suppliers and we cannot guarantee that such suppliers will continue to do business with us. In the event that our coal suppliers stop doing business with us, we would be forced to find replacement coal suppliers, or increase our coal uptake from existing suppliers, which could take time to locate and secure. If we experience any extended period of time without coal, we would need to obtain power from the local electricity grid, if available, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Risk Factors - Risks Related To Our Company -Interruptions with our coal-fired power-generating systems, whether planned or unexpected, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

If we experience problems with our product quality, customer satisfaction with respect to pricing of our products or the timely delivery of our products, we could lose our customers and market acceptance, which would negatively affect our sales and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our growth and sales primarily depend on our maintenance of quality control, customer satisfaction with respect to pricing and the punctual availability and delivery of our products. If we fail to deliver the same quality of our products with the same punctuality and pricing which our customers have grown accustomed to, or in accordance with the terms of our sales agreements, we could damage our customer relations and market acceptance which will affect sales and our business in general. For example, as we advance and improve our methods of producing higher quality products such as Grade A and Grade B edible alcohol, it may become more difficult to maintain our quality standards at all times. Additionally, if we are ever forced to down-grade our edible alcohol, this could also affect the future improvement of our profit margins. If we experience deterioration in the performance or quality of any of our products, whether due to problems internally or externally, it could result in delays in delivery, cancellations of orders or customer complaints, loss of goodwill, diversion of the attention of our senior personnel and harm to our brand and reputation. Any and all of these results would have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Governmental authorities within the PRC periodically set corn prices and enact general industry policies that limit production capacity and use of raw materials. A significant increase in the market price of corn as a result of such governmental efforts would increase our cost of sales, and we may not be able to pass those increased costs on to our customers. Such increased costs and other policy initiatives could limit our growth and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The PRC government has the power to intervene in the price of important types of grain (including corn) under certain circumstances, such as when a material change occurs to the market supply and demand and/or the grain price fluctuates significantly, in order to protect the interests of farmers. In practice, the PRC government will periodically purchase a large amount of corn from farmers and set the price for the corn purchased by the government, resulting in effective guidance of the market price by the PRC government. This has a significant impact on the market price of corn for the following year, but does not constitute a legally mandated price for corn. A significant increase in the market price of corn as a result of such governmental efforts would increase our cost of sales, and we may not be able to pass those increased costs on to our customers. Such increased costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The PRC government requires all producers of edible alcohol to obtain production permits which set forth limitations on how much edible alcohol we can produce per annum. Our Shouguang facility has a government permit to produce 160,000 tons of edible alcohol per year and our Daqing facility has a government permit to process up to 1,000,000 tons of corn, which can produce approximately 330,000 tons of edible alcohol. If our permits are revoked for whatever reason, or if the PRC decides to revise its industry policies to our detriment, we could be forced to curtail or cease our operations.

Furthermore, in order to secure the supply of food and feed, PRC governmental entities set limitations on the use of certain raw materials. For instance, according to the 11^th Five-Year Plan (2006-2010), the amount of corn used for deep-processing cannot exceed 26% of the total corn consumption as stated in the Guidance Opinion on Promoting of the Healthy Development of Corn Deep-Processing Industry announced by the PRC government. According to the 12^th Five-Year Plan, the Chinese government will continue to impose strict control on the amount of corn used for deep-processing. Any further downward limitation may adversely affect our ability to obtain an adequate level of corn at favorable prices.

In addition, the Chinese government has ceasedsuspended in principle approving applications for building new corn deep-processing capacity.projects. Our growth could be limited if we fail to obtain government approval for new capacity or to expand through acquisitions in other geographical areas. In addition, we could face penalties and other enforcement actions if our production levels exceed our approved production levels. The realization of any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any interruption in our manufacturing operations or production and distribution processes could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand.

Our production operations involve the coordination of raw materials, internal production processes and external distribution processes. We may experience difficulties in coordinating the various aspects of our production processes, thereby causing downtime and delays. We produce and store almost all of our products, as well as conduct some of our development activities, at our Shouguang and Daqing facilities. We do not maintain back-up facilities, so we depend on these facilities for the continued operation of our business.

A delay or stoppage of production caused by adverse weather, natural disaster or other unanticipated catastrophic event, including, without limitation, power interruptions, water shortage, storms, fires, earthquakes, terrorist attacks and wars, could significantly impair our ability to produce our products and operate our business, as well as delay our research and development activities. Our facilities and certain equipment located in these facilities would be difficult to replace and could require substantial replacement lead-time. Catastrophic events may also destroy any inventory located in our facilities. The occurrence of such an event could materially and adversely affect our business. Any stoppage in production, even if temporary, or delay in delivery to our customers could severely affect our business or reputation. We currently do not have business interruption insurance to offset these potential losses and any interruption in our production operations or production and distribution processes could impair our financial performance and negatively affect our brand.

We have not obtained power generation permits for our coal-fired power-generating systems, which could result in the forfeiture of income and the imposition of fines.

A new permit system was established in 2005 requires all existing and new power-generating, dispatching and supplying companies to obtain permits from the State Electricity Regulatory Commission. The State Electricity Regulatory Commission has been in the process of implementing the new permit system. By the end of 2008, the State Electricity Regulatory Commission had issued 6,170 power-generating permits. We believe we are to date in compliance with the relevant permit regulations, which required all of our plants to apply for power generation permits no later than August 31, 2008. We have submitted applications for power generation permits for all our existing coal-fired power projects, but have not yet received the permits.The granting of a power generation permit for an existing power generation project is a time-consuming and complicated process, which may in some instances require retroactive application of existing laws and regulations to existing projects that were constructed many years ago. As a result, we may not be able to successfully obtain power generation permits for our coal-fired power-generating systems. A failure to obtain a power generation permit may have a material adverse effect on our business operations, including the forfeiture of income and the imposition of fines.

Interruptions with our coal-fired power-generating systems, whether planned or unexpected, may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our production facilities require a significant amount of electricity in order to operate at full capacity. Both our Shouguang and Daqing facilities were designed and built to be self-sufficient in power supply through the construction of their own coal-fired power-generating systems. We are also connected to the national power grid at both facilities as a backup measure in the event we experience unanticipated interruptions to our electricity generation and for when we carry out our annual full-scale inspection and maintenance program for our electricity supply systems (see “Business Overview - Our Supply of Electricity”). In addition, we are in the process of undertaking construction project approval procedures, environmental impact assessments and completion acceptance procedures for our Shouguang and Daqing power-generating systems.In the event that we fail to obtain approvals from competent government agencies for the construction of our power-generating systems, we may be required to shut down our power-generating systems and be subject to punishment.If the power-generating systems at our Shouguang facility or our Daqing facility experience unexpected stoppage due to mechanical failure or regulatory action, or when we schedule our annual inspection of our supply systems, we must negotiate with the government for the purchase of electricity to be supplied through the relevant grid until our power-generating systems become operational. During such negotiations, we could be forced to accept pricing terms which are not favorable to us. Furthermore, such negotiations could be time-consuming which could cause a diversion of resources and time of our senior management personnel. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that there will be no interruptions or shortages in the national or local grid electricity supply or that there will be sufficient electricity available to us to meet our needs. There have been shortages in electricity supply in various regions across China, especially during periods of severe winter weather and during the summer peak season. Therefore, if either of our production facilities were to experience any significant downtime, we would be unable to meet our production targets and our business would suffer. Any disruption at our facilities would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Transportation delays, including as a result of disruptions to infrastructure, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business depends on the availability of rail, road and boat distribution infrastructure for the delivery of raw materials and for the delivery of our products to our customers. Any disruptions in this infrastructure network, whether caused by earthquakes, storms, other natural disasters or human error or malfeasance, could materially impact our business. Therefore, any unexpected delay in transportation of our raw materials or in the delivery of our products to our customers could result in significant disruption to our operations, including the closure of our facilities. Specifically, we dohave not have contractual rights or any other licensereceived permits for the transportation of dangerous substances using rail lines. If we are not able to use the railways and rail station that transport our products from our Daqing facility. If for any reason we should lose the use of these facilities,obtain such permits in time, we may not be able to find sufficient alternative methods of transport for products from our Daqing facility in a timely manner, or at all.manner. We will also rely upon others to maintain rail lines and roads from our production facilities to national rail, road and shipping networks, and any failure on their part to maintain such transportation systems could impede the delivery of our raw materials to us and our products to our customers, impose additional costs on us or otherwise cause our business, results of operations and financial condition to suffer.

If we fail to continue to develop and introduce new products and technologies, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We intend to continue to develop new products and technologies to broaden our product line. The planned timing or introduction of new products and technologies is subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual timing may differ materially from original plans. Unexpected technical, operational, distribution or other problems could delay or prevent the introduction of one or more of our new products or technologies. Moreover, we cannot be sure that any of our new products or technologies will achieve widespread market acceptance or generate incremental revenue. If our efforts to develop, market and sell new products to the market and apply new technologies are not successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our operations are subject to various risks associated with our use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials, some of which are toxic and flammable. If we are found liable for contamination, injury to employees or others, or other harms related to our use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials, our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We use, handle, store and dispose of hazardous materials in our operations. Our wastewater may contain toxins and our edible alcohol and methane produced in our operations is flammable. See Item 4.B, “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Environmental Protection.” We cannot completely eliminate the risks of contamination, injury to employees or others, or other harms related to our use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous material. Although we have not experienced incidents in the past, there can be no assurance that we will not experience fires, leakages and other accidents. In the event of future incidents, we could be liable for any damages that may result, including potentially significant monetary damages for any civil litigation or government proceedings related to a personal injury claim, as well as other fines, penalties and other consequences, including suspension or revocation of our licenses or permits or suspending production or ceasing operations at our manufacturing facilities, all of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, we currently do not carry any insurance coverage for potential liabilities relating to the release of hazardous materials.

Our use, production and disposal of hazardous materials subjects us to stringent environmental, health and safety regulations. Any actual or alleged violation of these regulations could result in significant regulatory actions, fines and other penalties, including suspending production or ceasing operations, substantial civil or criminal claims resulting in potentially significant monetary damages, adverse publicity and other negative consequences to our business.

Because we use, produce and dispose of hazardous materials and our production processes generate noise, wastewater, gaseous and other industrial wastes, we are required to comply with national and local environmental, health and safety regulations applicable to us. Except as disclosed in this annual report, we believe we have complied with all applicable environmental, health and safety procedures and measures. However, we cannot completely eliminate the environmental, health and safety risks associated with our use, production and disposal of hazardous materials and we may experience environmental, health and safety incidents at our facilities, including fires, leakages and other accidents, which could result in regulatory actions requiring us to take corrective actions and subject us to fines and other penalties. In some cases, we could be required to temporarily suspend production or cease operations while we perform corrective actions.

Our operations are subject to various risks associated with our use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials, some of which are toxic and flammable. If we are found liable for contamination, injury to employees or others, or other harms related to our use, handling storage and disposal of hazardous materials, our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected. Except as described in this annual report, we believe we are currently in compliance with applicable environmental, health and safety regulations in all material aspects and have all necessary environmental, health and safety permits to operate our business as it is presently conducted. However, if more stringent regulations are adopted in the future, the costs of compliance with these new regulations could be substantial. If we fail to comply with present or future environmental, health and safety regulations, we may be subject to significant regulatory actions, fines and other penalties, including suspending production or ceasing operations, substantial civil or criminal claims resulting in potentially significant monetary damages, adverse publicity, and other negative consequences to our business, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Environmental compliance and remediation could result in substantially increased capital requirements and operating costs, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 We are subject to the PRC laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. These laws continue to evolve and are becoming increasingly stringent. The ultimate impact of complying with such laws and regulations is not always clearly known or determinable because regulations under some of these laws have not yet been promulgated or are undergoing revision. Our business and operating results could be materially and adversely affected if we were required to increase expenditures to comply with any new environmental regulations affecting our operations.

Our operations are subject to various risks associated with our use, handling, storage and disposal of edible alcohol, which is flammable. If we are found liable for contamination, injury to employees or others, or other harms related to our use, handling, storage and disposal of edible alcohol, our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected and our permits and licenses may be suspended or revoked by Chinese regulatory authorities.

Although we have designed and implemented procedures and measures to promote occupational health and safety, we cannot completely eliminate the risks of contamination, injury to employees or others, or other harms related to our use, handling, storage and disposal of edible alcohol. In the event of future incidents, we could be liable for any damages that may result, including potentially significant monetary damages for any civil litigation or government proceedings related to a personal injury claim, as well as other fines, penalties and other consequences, including suspension or revocation of our licenses or permits or suspending production or ceasing operations at our research and manufacturing facilities, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

The expansion of our sales and marketing and distribution efforts in new provinces and regions may not be successful.

We plan to expand our sales and marketing and distribution efforts into provinces and regions beyond Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces in China, and have already commenced sales and marketing operations in Sichuan Province, Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Hebei Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province. However, our experience in the sales and marketing and distribution of our products in Shandong and Heilongjiang Provinces may not be applicable in other parts of China. We cannot assure you that we will be able to leverage such experience to expand into other provinces and regions. When we enter new markets, we may face intense competition from edible alcohol producers with established experience or presence in the geographical areas in which we plan to enter and from other edible alcohol producers with similar target customers. In addition, expansion of sales into new markets in new provinces will require the recruiting and training of a new sales force to market and sell our products in that region, the assimilation with the local business cultures of new regions which may be very different from the business cultures of Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces, and require a diversion of resources and time of our senior management personnel. If we fail to integrate effectively in new markets, our operating efficiency may be affected. Furthermore, because customers in new provinces may be far away from our production facilities, our profit margins may be lower because of increased costs in the transportation of our products. Demand for edible alcohol and government regulation may also be different in other provinces. Our failure to manage our planned expansion of sales into new provinces may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and we may not have the same degree of success in other provinces that we have had so far to date, or at all.

Our production activities are conducted and will continue to be conducted in concentrated locations. Damage to or disruptions at our production facilities could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, especially since we do not have any business interruption insurance.

Our two operating production facilities are located in Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces, making our operations particularly vulnerable to natural and other disasters that may occur in those provinces. Operating hazards, natural disasters or other unanticipated or catastrophic events, including power interruptions, water shortages, storms, typhoons, fires, explosions, earthquakes, terrorist attacks, wars and labor disputes in and around these provinces could cause damage to or destroy our facilities or equipment therein. Any of these or similar events could significantly impair our ability to operate our business, as well as delay our research and development activities and commercial production. Our facilities and equipment are expensive and potentially difficult and time-consuming to repair or replace. Catastrophic events may also result in damage to or the destruction of inventory located in our production facilities. In addition, we do not carry any business interruption or other insurance that would compensate us in the event of a loss of this type. The occurrence of such an event could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We rely on our relationships with customers with whom we have sale contracts, the termination of which could cause us to experience short-term or permanent losses that would have an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Although during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, there was no single customer from which we generated more than 10% of total sales for any of our products, we do rely on our relationships with certain customers, mainlybaijiu distilleries, with which we have entered into 12- to 36-month sales contracts for the sale of an aggregate 340,000 tons, or pre-sales contracts, worth a total of approximately 90% of our total edible alcohol production capacity of 380,000 tons in 2012.distilleries. Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, aggregate sales to our five largest customers represented 23.4%16.6%, 16.6%17.4% and 17.4%23% of our sales, respectively. If our relationships with our top customers terminate, or if our relationships with those customers with which we entered into sales contracts terminate, or if such customers decide not to abide by the sales agreements and fail to purchase our products thereunder, or if we are unable to renew our agreements to supply our products with such customers in the future in a satisfactory manner, if at all, then we would be forced to identify and negotiate with new customers in order to replace the lost volume of sales. If we find ourselves having to replace these customers, this may require a diversion of resources and time of our senior management personnel as well as a short-term reduction in our revenues, or we may not be successful in identifying and negotiating with new customers at all, all of which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, our results of operations and prospects.

Our business is capital intensive and our growth strategy may require additional capital, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all.

We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our manufacturing capacity or potential investments or acquisitions we may pursue. We may need to sell debt securities or additional equity securities, or obtain additional credit facilities from banks in the PRC in order to implement our growth strategy or to otherwise meet our capital needs. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution of your holdings. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overall business prospects.

We may undertake acquisitions or invest in new products which may distract our management, may not result in the benefits we had anticipated and may have unknown risks and liabilities associated with them.them.

Our growth strategy may involve the acquisition of new businesses or the creation of strategic alliances in the edible alcohol production business. Thesebusiness and investment in new products. For example, our recent investment in the new foam insulation and chlorinated polyethylene (‘‘CPE’') manufacturing plant will provide an annual production capacity of 80,000 cubic meters of foam insulation products and 25,000 tons of CPE products. The acquisitions or investment in new products could require that our management manage new business relationships, manage new facilities and attract new customers. Furthermore, acquisitions or investment in new products may require significant attention from our management, and the diversion of our management’s attention and resources could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business. Future acquisitions or investment in new products may also expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with (1) the integration of new operations, services and personnel, (2) unforeseen or hidden liabilities, (3) the diversion of resources from our existing businesses, (4) our inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset the costs of acquisitions or investment in new products and (5) potential loss of, or harm to, relationships with employees or customers, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business. We may also experience some or all of these risks with respect to our recently acquired Weifang Great Chemical Inc., or WGC, and Daqing Borun businesses. For example, we cannot ensure that WGC and Daqing Borun have obtained the necessary construction project permits, fully completed environmental impact assessment procedures and obtained all the licenses required for their conduct of business before we acquired them. Failure of Daqing Borun or WGC to comply with the aforementioned requirements may cause us to bear the liabilities provided by relevant laws and regulations.

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We will continue to incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, which will adversely impact our results of operations.

We became a public company following the completion of our initial public offering in June 2010 and have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Moreover, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act enacted in July 2010, the Jobs Act of 2012, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, have imposed additional requirements on corporate governance practices of public companies. We expectAs we expected, these rules and regulations to increasehave increased our legal and financial compliance costs and to makehave made some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, as a result of becoming a public company, we have added independent directors to our board and adopted policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. See also the risk factor entitled, “As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we may adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the NYSE corporate governance listing standards.”

In addition, we incur costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors due to increased risks of liability to our directors under the rules and regulations. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount or timing of additional costs we may incur.

Although our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition reflected in our consolidated financial statements include all of the expenses allocable to our business, because of the additional administrative and financial obligations associated with operating as a publicly traded company, they may not be indicative of the results of operations that we would have achieved had we operated as a public entity for all periods presented or of future results that we may achieve as a publicly traded company with our current holding company structure. Such variations may be material to our business.

We may have difficulty establishing adequate management, legal and financial controls in the PRC, and the failure to establish such controls could have a material adverse effect on our business and the price of our ADSs.

The PRC has only recently begun to adopt the management, legal and financial reporting concepts and practices with which investors in the United States are familiar. We may have difficulty in hiring and retaining employees in China who have the experience necessary to implement the kind of management, legal and financial controls that are expected of a United States public company. If we cannot establish such controls, or if such deficiencies persist, we may experience difficulty in collecting financial data and preparing financial statements, books of account and corporate records and instituting business practices that meet U.S. standards. The failure to establish such controls could also result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls, which could impact the reliability of our financial statements. Any such deficiencies, weaknesses or lack of compliance could have a materially adverse effect on our business and the public announcement of such deficiencies could adversely impact the price of our ADSs.

We may be exposed to potential risks relating to our internal control over financial reporting.

We are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. As directed by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC adopted rules requiring public companies to include a report of management on our internal controls over financial reporting in their annual reports. In addition, if we become an accelerated filer or a large accelerated filer for purposes of a future annual report, we will be required to include in such annual report a report of our independent registered public accounting firm that attests to and reports on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as well as the operating effectiveness of our internal controls. Our management may conclude that our internal controls over our financial reporting are not effective. Even if our management concludes that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, our independent registered public accounting firm may, if we are required to include an attestation report from them, still decline to attest to our management’s assessment or may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us.

In connection with the audit of our financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31 2007, 2008 and 2009 our auditors identified four “reportable conditions” as that term is defined under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”), in our internal accounting controls. These reportable conditions, which do not qualify as material weakness, related to our lack of a computerized financial accounting information system to record and process our financial transactions, a need to improve the timely recording and processing of our business transactions, lack of formal documentation to document and validate that management has performed periodic financial analysis and failure to set up and carry out the budget and management control in the overall operation systematically. We have made improvements in light of the above reportable conditions by deploying a computerized financial accounting system to do the book-keeping, recording and processing business transactions in a timely manner, setting up procedures to make annual and monthly budget and perform periodic financial analysis.

We can provide no assurance that we will continue to be in compliance with all of the requirements imposed by Section 404 or that we will, if required, receive a positive attestation from our independent auditors. In the event we identify significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls that we cannot remediate in a timely manner or we are unable, if required, to receive a positive attestation from our independent auditors with respect to our internal controls, investors and others may lose confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. Any of these possible outcomes could result in an adverse reaction in the financial marketplace due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our reporting processes, which could adversely affect the trading price of the ADSs.

Unauthorized use of our Borun wet process patent of invention by third parties and the expenses incurred in protecting such patent may adversely affect our business.

We regard our Borun wet process patent of invention and our “Borun” trademark as important to our business. In January 2012 the State Intellectual Property Office awarded a patent to us for the Borun wet process, our proprietary manufacturing method. We believe we are the only corn-based edible alcohol producer in China using the Borun wet process and the market recognizes our brand name products. Infringements of relevant intellectual property rights may reduce our revenues and harm our reputation. We rely on intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements with our key employees and certain of our customers and others to protect our intellectual property rights. Policing unauthorized use of intellectual property is difficult and expensive, as are the steps necessary to prevent the misappropriation or infringement of our technology or trademark. Despite our precautions, it may be possible for third parties to obtain and use our Borun wet process method without authorization or sell their products under our “Borun” trademark. The validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property in many industries in China are uncertain and still evolving and may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws and enforcement procedures in the United States. Moreover, we may not prevail in any litigation that we undertake to enforce our intellectual property rights, and such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of our management resources. Our failure to adequately maintain and protect our intellectual property rights could lead to the loss of a competitive advantage or otherwise impair our ability to operate our business. 

Our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as our ability to obtain financing, may be adversely affected by a downturn in the global or Chinese economy.

The global financial markets have experienced significant disruptions since 2008 and the effect of the crisis has persisted through 2009, and 2010 and to a lesser extent2011, and in 2011.2012, China’s economy has also faced challenges. To the extent that there have been improvements in some areas, it is uncertain whether such recovery is sustainable. The corn-based edible alcohol industry may be sensitive to economic downturns, and the macroeconomic environment in China may affect our business and prospects. A prolonged slowdown in China’s economy may lead to a reduced level of corn-based edible alcohol purchases which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Moreover, a slowdown in the global or China’s economy or the recurrence of any financial disruptions may have a material and adverse impact on financing available to us. The weakness in the economy could erode investors’ confidence, which constitutes the basis of the credit markets. The recent financial turmoil affecting the financial markets and banking system may significantly restrict our ability to obtain financing in the capital markets or from financial institutions on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Although we are uncertain about the extent to which the recent global financial and economic crisis and slowdown of China’s economy may impact our business in the short term and long term, there is a risk that our business, results of operations and prospects will be materially and adversely affected by any ongoing global economic downturn or slowdown in China’s economy.

We are dependent upon our existing management, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future performance depends substantially on the continued services of our executive officers, most notably our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Jinmiao Wang. If one or more of our executive officers are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we might not be able to replace them easily or at all. In addition, we do not have any key person insurance on the lives of such individuals and the loss of any of their services could materially and adversely affect us.

If any of our executive officers joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose know-how, key professionals and staff members as well as customers. These executive officers could develop products that could compete with and take market share away from us. Each of our executive officers has entered into an employment agreement with us, each of which contain non-competition provisions. However, if any dispute arises between our executive officers and us, these non-competition provisions may not be enforceable in China. If any of the foregoing were to happen, our competitive position and business prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

One of our shareholders has significant control over the outcome of our shareholder votes.

One shareholder, King River Holding Limited, or King River, beneficially owns 56.4% 55.6%of our outstanding equity interests as of the date of this annual report. Accordingly, King River has significant control over the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matter submitted to our shareholders for approval, including the election of directors, mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets. This concentration of ownership in our ordinary shares by King River will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us.

Covenants in certain PRC loan agreements or indenture entered into by Shandong Borun Industrial Co., Ltd, or Shandong Borun, andor Daqing Borun restrict our ability to engage in or enter into a variety of transactions, which may cause disruption in our business operations and have a material adverse effect on our business operations.

Shandong Borun and Daqing Borun have entered into PRC loan agreements with banks in the PRC which contain various covenants that may limit our discretion in operating the business of our operating subsidiaries.

Our lenders have rights that include the following:

As of December 31, 2011,2012, a short-term bank loan of RMB10,000,000 ($1,587,075) from Agricultural Development Bank of China were secured by our equipment with total carrying value of RMB46,339,787 ($7,354,471). A short-term bank loan of RMB70,000,000 ($11,109,524)1,590,963) from Agricultural Development Bank of China and a short-term loan of RMB30,000,000 ($4,761,225) from Longjiang Commercial Bank were secured by third-party guarantors, pursuant to these loan agreements, we granted security interest in its buildings and land-use rights to the third-party guarantors with total carrying values of RMB8,454,748 ($1,341,832) and RMB14,570,866 ($2,312,506) , respectively. The remaining short term loans from Agricultural Development Bank of China amounting to RMB52,500,000 ($8,332,143) were credit loan and all the short- term loans of RMB132,500,000 ($21,028,742) from Agricultural Development Bank of China were secured by the Chief Executive Officer, Mr.Jinmiao Wang simultaneously. A short- term bank loan of RMB28,000,000RMB20,000,000 ($4,443,810)3,181,927) from Industrial & Commercial Bank of China which were secured by our accounts receivablesequipment and raw material with total carrying value of RMB70,739,729 ($11,254,431) and RMB38,160,000 ($6,071,116), respectively. Two short-term bank loans in aggregation amount to RMB29,196,300of RMB120,000,000 ($4,633,671 ). A short -term bank loan of RMB20,000,000 ($3,174,150)19,091,560) from Industrial & CommercialAgricultural Development Bank of China which were secured by the raw materials amount to RMB35,389,200($5,616,531). A short-term bank loan of RMB65,000,000 ($10,315,987) from Longjiang Bank and a short-term loan of RMB70,000,000 ($11,109,524 ) from China Construction Bank were secured by our subsidiary Shandong Borun Industry Co.,Ltd. The remaining short-term bank borrowings of RMB163,200,000 ($25,901,062) were securedguaranteed by third party guarantees.guarantor and our Chief Executive Officer Mr. Jinmiao Wang simultaneously. Pursuant to the guarantee agreements, we granted equity interests of Daqing Borun, security interests in our buildings and land-use rights and raw materials to the third party guarantor with total carrying values of RMB29,815,366 ($4,743,515), RMB3,674,935 ($584,669), and RMB13,356,000 ($2,124,891), respectively. These short-term bank loans are for our working capital needs.

These restrictions on our business may cause disruption in our business operations. Our lenders may restrict us from disposing of or restructuring the ownership of our operation facilities and limit our ability to undertake any acquisition or major investment. If we should fail to obtain their approval for any such transaction, we must give timely notice of the transaction. However, the lender may still have the right to rescind the loan which may materially and adversely affect our future prospects and results of operations.

Shandong Borun issued private placement bonds in January 2013 with an interest rate of 9.3%. The proceeds of the bonds will be used for working capital purpose. The indenture of the bonds contains additional covenants that may limit our discretion in operating the business of our operating subsidiaries, including:

Where there is default or expected default in the repayment of principal or interests of the bonds, the Company will

Our operating results for a particular period could fall below our expectations or the expectations of investors or research analysts, resulting in a decrease in the price of our ADSs.

Our operating results may vary significantly from period to period as a result of factors beyond our control, such as the recent slowdown in China’s economic growth caused in part by the recent severeprolonged global crisis in the financial services and credit markets, and may be difficult to predict for any given period. Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance. If our operating results for any period fall below our expectations or the expectations of investors or research analysts, the price of our ADSs is likely to decrease.

As a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we may adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the NYSE corporate governance listing standards.

As a non-U.S. company with shares listed on the NYSE, we are subject to the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. However, in reliance on Section 303A.00 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, which permits a foreign private issuer to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country, we may adopt certain corporate governance practices that differ significantly from the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. For example, we may include non-independent directors as members of our compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee, and our independent directors may not hold regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present. Such home country practice differs from the NYSE corporate governance listing standards, because there are no specific provisions under the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands imposing such requirements. Accordingly, executive directors, who may also be our major shareholders or representatives of our major shareholders, may have greater power to make or influence major decisions than they would if we complied with all the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. While we may adopt certain practices that are in compliance with the laws of the Cayman Islands, such practices may differ from more stringent requirements imposed by the NYSE Listed Company Manual and as such, our shareholders may be afforded less protection under Cayman Islands law than they would under the NYSE rules applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

As a foreign private issuer we are exempt under the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, from providing certain disclosure. As a result our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would enjoy if we were a U.S. company.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt under the Exchange Act from, among other things, the rules prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements. In addition, our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Further, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. As a result, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would under the Exchange Act rules applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.issuers.

RISKS RELATED TO OPERATING IN CHINA

All of our assets are located in China and all of our revenues are derived from our operations in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are subject to economic, political and legal developments in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole.

The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities.

After decades of centralized control, China only recently has permitted provincial and local economic autonomy and private economic activities and, as a result, we are dependent on our relationship with the local government in the provinces in which we operate our business. The Chinese government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. It also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. These actions, as well as future actions and policies of the PRC government, could materially affect general economic conditions in China and our business and operations.

Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, production permits, import and export tariffs, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. Except as otherwise disclosed in this annual report, we believe our operations in China are in material compliance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of these jurisdictions may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations or interpretations. Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally planned economy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particular regions thereof, and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry developments by imposing industrial policies, any of which could adversely impact our business.

Adverse changes in PRC economic and political policies could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our business.

Our operating business is based in China and all of our sales are made in China. As such, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal developments in China generally and by continued economic growth in China as a whole. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many aspects, including the:

While the Chinese economy has grown significantly in the past three decades, the growth has been uneven geographically, among various sectors of the economy and during different periods. We cannot assure you that the Chinese economy will continue to grow or to do so at the pace that has prevailed in recent years, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform. In addition, if there is a slowdown, such slowdown could have a negative effect on our business. For example, the Chinese economy experienced high inflation in the second half of 2007 and the first half of 2008. China’s consumer price index increased by 7.0% during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2007. To combat inflation and prevent the economy from overheating, the PRC government adopted a number of tightening macroeconomic measures and monetary policies. Due in part to the impact of the global crisis in financial services and credit markets and other factors, the growth rate of China’s gross domestic product as measured against the same period of the previous year decreased to 7.1% in the first half of 2009, down from 10.4% in the first half of 2008. Beginning in September 2008, among other measures, the PRC government began to loosen macroeconomic measures and monetary policies, including reducing interest rates and decreasing the statutory reserve rates for banks. In addition, in November 2008 the PRC government announced an economic stimulus package in the amount of $586 billion. However, sinceIn 2010, the PBOC has begun to increaseincreased the statutory reserve ratio and interest rate in response to rapid domestic growth,growth. However, the PBOC has begun to decrease the statutory reserve ratio since November 2011 and to decrease the interest rate since June 2012, which may have a negative impact on the stability of China’s economy. It is unclear whether the PRC economic policies will be effective in sustaining stable economic growth in the future.

Although the Chinese economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy, a substantial portion of the productive assets in China are still owned by the PRC government. The continued control of these assets and other aspects of the national economy by the Chinese government could materially and adversely affect our business. The PRC government also exercises significant control over Chinese economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Any adverse change in the economic conditions or government policies in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth and the level of investments and expenditures in China, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our products and consequently have a material adverse effect on our business.

We may become subject to People’s Republic of China taxation on our worldwide income, which could result in a material adverse effect on our financial results and might result in you becoming subject to withholding taxes on any dividends we may declare.declare.

The newly enacted PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and the implementation regulations thereunder (which we collectively refer to as the “EIT Law”) became effective as of January 1, 2008. The EIT Law provides that enterprises established outside of China whose “de facto management bodies” are located in China are considered “resident enterprises” and are generally subject to the uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate as to their worldwide income. Currently, uncertainty exists regarding the interpretation and implementation of the EIT Law, and as a result it is uncertain whether we will be deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise. Therefore, although substantially all of our operational management is currently based in the PRC, it is unclear whether PRC tax authorities would require (or permit) us to be treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Under the EIT Law, PRC income tax at the rate of 10% is applicable to dividends payable to investors that are “non-resident enterprises,” which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC, or which have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends have their sources within the PRC. Similarly, any gain realized on the transfer of shares (including ADSs) by such investors is also subject to 10% PRC income tax if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. If we are considered a PRC “resident enterprise,” dividends we pay with respect to our ADSs, or the gain you may realize from the transfer of our ordinary shares or ADSs, may be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and may be subject to PRC tax. It is also unclear whether, if we are considered a PRC “resident enterprise,” holders of our ordinary shares or ADSs might be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties entered into between China and other countries, including the United States. “Item 10.E. Additional Information — Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”

Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could have a material adverse effect on us.

We conduct substantially all of our operations through companies established in the PRC. Our principal operating subsidiaries located in China are generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China and, in particular, laws applicable to wholly foreign-owned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes and their interpretation by the Supreme People’s Court. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules  involves uncertainties. We cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, the preemption of local regulations by national laws, or the overturn of local government’s decisions by the higher level government. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until some time after the violation. In addition, any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

Fluctuations in the value of RMB will affect the amount of the value of, and dividends payable on, our ADSs in foreign currency terms.

The value of RMB depends, to a large extent, on China’s domestic and international economic, financial and political developments and government policies, as well as the currency’s supply and demand in the local and international markets. For over 10 years from 1994, the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar, was based on exchange rates set and published daily by People’s Bank of China in light of the previous day’s inter-bank foreign exchange market rates in China and the then current exchange rates on the global financial markets. The official exchange rate for the conversion of RMB into the U.S. dollar was largely stable until July 2005. On July 21, 2005, People’s Bank of China revalued RMB by reference to a basket of foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar. As a result, the value of RMB appreciated by 2% on that day. The China central bank allowed the official RMB exchange rate to float against a basket of foreign currencies, and the RMB has further appreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar. In July 2008, the China central bank established a narrow band within which the RMB could fluctuate against these currencies, the practical effect of which has been to re-peg the RMB to the U.S. dollar. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the PRC government has allowed the Renminbi to appreciate slowly against the U.S. dollar again. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.

All of our net revenues and most of our expenses are denominated in Renminbi. Any significant revaluation of Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our ADSs in U.S. dollars. For example, an appreciation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would reduce the amount of Renminbi we would receive if we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi. Conversely, a significant depreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely affect the price of our ADSs.

Limited hedging transactions are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. We did not enter into any hedging transactions to hedge our exposure to the risks relating to fluctuations in exchange rates. Whilewe may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited, and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.

PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may increase the administrative burden we face and may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners to personal liabilities, limit or eliminate our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to distribute profits to us, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries, require changes in our ownership structure, or may otherwise expose us to liability under PRC law.

In October 2005, the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, issued the “Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration on Financing and Round-Trip Investment through offshore Special Purpose Vehicles by Domestic Residents,” generally referred to as Circular 75, effective as of November 1, 2005 and its implementation rules. The policy announced in this notice requires PRC residents to register with the relevant SAFE branch before establishing or controlling offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, for the purpose of engaging in an equity financing outside of China on the strength of domestic PRC assets originally held by those residents. In the case of an SPV which was established, and which acquired a related domestic company or assets, before the implementation date of Circular 75, a retroactive SAFE registration was required to have been completed before March 31, 2006. In addition, any PRC resident that is a shareholder of an SPV is required to amend its SAFE registration within 30 days after any major change in the share capital of the offshore special purpose company without any roundtrip investment being made, such as any increase or decrease of capital, stock right assignment or exchange, merger or division, investment with long term stock rights or credits or provision of guaranty to a foreign party. Failure to comply with the requirements of Circular 75 may result in fines and other penalties under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions. Any such failure could also result in the SPV’s PRC affiliates being impeded or prevented from distributing their profits and the proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to the SPV.such SPV.

We understand that none of our shareholders prior to our public offering was a PRC citizen. Our PRC counsel advises that none of these shareholders is subject to the requirement of the SAFE registration under Circular 75.

However, due to the vagueness and uncertainty as to how the SAFE regulations are interpreted and implemented and the possible amendments or changes to the SAFE regulations, we cannot provide any assurance that our current shareholders who may spend a certain amount of their time in the PRC each year will not be required to make or obtain any applicable registrations pursuant to the SAFE regulations.

The failure or inability to comply with the registration procedures set forth therein may subject these shareholders to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit or eliminate our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends or require changes to our ownership structure, all of which could adversely affect our business and prospects and prevent you from receiving any dividends on your ADSs.

Furthermore, as these foreign exchange regulations are still relatively new and their interpretation and implementation has been constantly evolving, it is unclear how these regulations, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant government authorities. For example, we may be subject to a more stringent review and approval process with respect to our foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign-currency-denominated borrowings, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we decide to acquire a PRC domestic company, we cannot assure you that we or the owners of such company, as the case may be, will be able to obtain the necessary approvals or complete the necessary filings and registrations required by the foreign exchange regulations. This may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and could adversely affect our business and prospects.

We may face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to issue equity compensation to our directors and employees and other parties who are PRC citizens or residents under PRC law.

In December 2006, the People’s Bank of China promulgated the Administrative Measures of Foreign Exchange Matters for Individuals, which set forth the respective requirements for foreign exchange transactions by individuals (both PRC or non-PRC citizens) under either the current account or the capital account. In January 2007, SAFE issued implementing rules for the Administrative Measures of Foreign Exchange Matters for Individuals, which, among other things, specified approval requirements for certain capital account transactions such as a PRC citizen’s participation in the employee stock ownership plans or stock option plans of an overseas publicly-listed company. On March 28, 2007,February 20, 2012, SAFE issued the “Operating Procedures for“Circular on the Foreign Exchange Administration of the Involvement of Domestic Individuals Participating in the Employee Stock Ownership Plan or Stock OptionShare Incentive Plan of An Overseas Listed Company,Companies ”, also known as “Circular 78.7.” For any equity compensation

Pursuant to Circular 7, PRC citizens who participate in the share incentive plan which is so covered and is adopted by a non-PRCof an overseas listed company after April 6, 2007, Circular 78 requires all participants who are required, through the PRC citizenssubsidiary of such overseas listed company or other qualified PRC traders designated lawfully by the PRC subsidiary, to register with the SAFE or its local branches and obtain approvals from SAFE priorcomplete certain other procedures related to their participation in the share incentive plan. .

In addition, Circular 78 also requires PRC citizens within three months aftersubsidiary or other qualified PRC agent is required to open foreign currency accounts to handle transactions relating to the issuance of Circular 78 to register with SAFE and make the necessary applications and filings if they participated in an overseas listed company’s covered equity compensation plan prior to April 6, 2007.share incentive plan. We may adopt an equity compensation plan after this annual report and may make option grants to some of our directors and senior officers, most of whom are PRC citizens. Circular 78 may require PRC citizens who receive option grants to register with SAFE. We believe the registration and approval requirements contemplated in Circular 78 will be burdensome and time-consuming. If it is determined that any of our equity compensation plans fail to comply with such provisions, this may subject us and recipients of such options to fines and legal sanctions and prevent us from being able to grant equity compensation to our PRC employees. In that case, our ability to compensate our employees and directors through equity compensation would be hindered and our business operations may be adversely affected.affected.

We have limited business insurance coverage in China.

The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited insurance products. As of December 31, 2011,2012, we carried up to RMB1,592.0RMB1,764.9 million ($252.7280.8 million) of insurance coverage, which includes coverage for certain of our property, plant and equipment and inventory and for employee injury. We do not have insurance coverage on our other assets and we do not have insurance to cover our business or interruption of our business, litigation or product liability. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured occurrence of loss or damage to property, litigation or business disruption may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively.

The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Substantially all of our revenues and operating expenses are denominated in Renminbi. The Renminbi is currently freely convertible under the “current account,” which includes, among others, dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the “capital account,” which includes, among others, foreign direct investment and loans.

Currently, WGCShandong Borun may purchase foreign exchange for settlement of “current account transactions,” including payment of dividends to us. WGCShandong Borun may also retain foreign exchange in its current account, subject to a ceiling approved by SAFE or its local branches, to satisfy foreign exchange liabilities or to pay dividends. However, we cannot assure you that the relevant PRC governmental authorities will not limit or eliminate our ability to purchase and retain foreign currencies in the future.

Since a significant amount of our future revenues will be denominated in Renminbi, the existing and any future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenues generated in Renminbi to fund our business activities outside China, if any, or expenditures denominated in foreign currencies.

Foreign exchange transactions under the capital account are subject to limitations and require registration with or approval by the relevant PRC governmental authorities. In particular, if we finance our Chinese subsidiaries by means of foreign currency loans, those loans cannot exceed certain statutory limits and must be registered with SAFE or its local branches and, if we finance our Chinese subsidiaries by means of capital contributions, those capital contributions must be approved by the Ministry of Commerce or its local branches. Our ability to use the U.S. dollar proceeds of future financings to finance our business activities conducted through our Chinese subsidiaries will depend on our ability to obtain these governmental registrations or approvals. In addition, because of the regulatory issues related to foreign currency loans to, and foreign investment in, domestic PRC enterprises, we may not be able to finance our Chinese subsidiaries’ operations by loans or capital contributions. We cannot assure you that we can obtain these governmental registrations or approvals on a timely basis, if at all.

The application of PRC regulations relating to the overseas listing of PRC domestic companies is uncertain, and we may be subject to penalties for failing to obtain approval of the PRC authorities prior to listing our ADSs in the United States.

On August 8, 2006, six PRC government agencies, namely, the Ministry of Commerce, or MOFCOM, the State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, or SASAC, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, or SAIC, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, and SAFE jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “New M&A Rules”), which became effective on September 8, 2006 and was amended on June 22,2009. The New M&A Rules purport, among other things, to require offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, that are (i) formed for the purpose of overseas listing of the equity interests of PRC companies via acquisition and (ii) are controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies and/or PRC individuals, to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of their securities on overseas stock exchanges. On September 21, 2006, pursuant to the New M&A Rules and other PRC laws, the CSRC published on its official website relevant guidance with respect to the listing and trading of PRC domestic enterprises’ securities on overseas stock exchanges (the “Related Clarifications”), including a list of application materials regarding the listing on overseas stock exchange by SPVs. Based on our understanding of current PRC laws and as advised by our PRC counsel, we were and are not required to obtain the approval of CSRC under the New M&A Rules in connection with our initial public offering due to the fact that (1) we were and are not an SPV and (2) the acquisitions among China High Enterprises Limited, or China High, WGC and Shandong Borun were subject to the PRC laws, regulations, rules and circulars related to foreign investment enterprises such as “Interim Provisions on Domestic Investments by Foreign Investment Enterprises” and “Provisions for the Alteration of Investors’ Equities in Foreign-funded Enterprises” instead of the New M&A Rules.

However, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation, application and enforcement of these rules, and CSRC has yet to promulgate any written provisions or formally to declare or state whether the overseas listing of a PRC-related company structured similar to ours is subject to the approval of CSRC. Any violation of these rules could result in fines and other penalties on our operations in China, restrictions or limitations on remitting dividends outside of China, and other forms of sanctions that may cause a material and adverse effect to our business, operations and financial condition.

The New M&A Rules also established additional procedures and requirements that are expected to make merger and acquisition activities by foreign investors more time-consuming and complex, including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise that owns well-known trademarks or China’s traditional brands. In addition, PRC national security review rules which became effective on September 1, 2011 require acquisitions by foreign investors of PRC companies engaged in military related or certain other industries that are crucial to national security be subject to security review before consummation of any such acquisition. We may grow our business in part by acquiring other businesses. Complying with the requirements of the New M&A Rules and security review in completing these acquisitions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including approval from CSRC, MOFCOM, State Administration of Foreign Exchange and SAT, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a PRC "resident enterprise," which could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our shareholders and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside the PRC with "de facto management bodies" within the PRC should be considered a "resident enterprise" and is generally subject to a uniform 25% enterprise income tax rate on its worldwide income. Under the implementation regulations to the Enterprise Income Tax Law, a "de facto management body" is defined as a body that has material and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel and human resources, finances and properties of an enterprise. In addition, a circular issued by the State Administration of Taxation on April 22, 2009 known as Circular 82 sets out the standards and procedures for recognizing the location of the "effective management" of an enterprise registered outside of the PRC and funded by Chinese enterprises as controlling investors. This circular specifies that certain PRC-invested enterprises will be classified as PRC resident enterprises if the following are located or resident in the PRC: senior management personnel and departments that are responsible for daily production, operation and management; financial and personnel decision making bodies; key properties, accounting books, the company seal, and minutes of board meetings and shareholders' meetings; and half or more of the senior management or directors having voting rights.

Given that our Cayman holding company is incorporated and controlled by PRC individualsno-PRC citizen instead of PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, it is unclear whether Circular 82 applies to us, and we are not aware of any clear guidance regarding the criteria pursuant to which the PRC tax authorities will determine the tax residency of an overseas company controlled by PRC individualsno-PRC citizen under the applicable PRC laws and regulations. Furthermore, we are not aware of any offshore holding company with a corporate structure similar to ours ever having been deemed a PRC resident enterprise by the PRC tax authorities. However, as the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities, our subsidiaries all operate in the PRC and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term "de facto management body" as applicable to our offshore entity, we may be considered a resident enterprise and may therefore be subject to the enterprise income tax at 25% on our global income. If we earn income outside of the PRC, the imposition of a tax on our global income could raise our effective tax rate and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise, dividends we pay to non-PRC resident enterprise shareholders will be subject to PRC withholding tax, and while our holding company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we expect that we would deduct the appropriate withholding taxes from any dividend that we paid. Further, foreign ADS holders may be subject to PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or ordinary shares, if such income is sourced from within the PRC, although procedures for the payment of such taxes do not exist and it is not clear whether or how the PRC government might enforce such taxes against persons who are not residents of the PRC. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in our ADSs. Although our company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, it remains unclear whether gains realized by our foreign ADS holders will be regarded as income from sources within the PRC if we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise, and it is unclear whether our non-PRC shareholders would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise.

We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs.

We are a holding company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and we conduct all of our operations through our operating subsidiaries in the PRC. We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries for our cash needs, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, to serve any debt we may incur and to pay our operating expenses. Current regulations in the PRC such as the Wholly-Foreign Owned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended, and the Wholly-Foreign Owned Enterprise Law Implementing Rules (1990), as amended and the Company Law of the PRC (2005), permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. According to the laws mentioned above and the articles of association of our PRC subsidiaries, each of our PRC subsidiaries is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profit based on the PRC accounting standards and regulations each year to its statutory reserve, until the balance in the reserve reaches 50% of the registered capital of the company. Funds in the reserve are not distributable to us in forms of cash dividends, loans or advances. In addition, if our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us, which in turn will adversely affect our available cash.

Dividends payable by us to our non-PRC resident shareholders may become subject to taxes under PRC tax laws.

The New Income Tax Law and the Implementation Rules provide that (1) if the enterprise that distributes the dividends is domiciled in the PRC, or (2) if capital gains are realized from the transfer of equity interests of enterprises domiciled in the PRC, then such dividends or capital gains are treated as PRC-sourced income, and PRC income tax at the rate of up to 10% is applicable to such dividends or capital gains payable to overseas investors that are “non-resident enterprises.” If we are considered a PRC-resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends distributed by us to our non-PRC resident enterprises shareholders as well as gains realized by such shareholders from the transfer of our shares may be regarded as China-sourced income and, as a result, may be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate of up to 10%, depending on the provisions of any tax treaty between the PRC and the jurisdiction in which the non-PRC resident enterprises shareholder resides. It is unclear whether, if we are considered a PRC resident enterprise, holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas (although we do not expect to withhold at treaty rates if any withholding is required).

It is uncertain as to how the aforementioned laws and regulations will be implemented by the relevant PRC tax authorities. If our dividend payments to our non-PRC resident shareholders are subject to PRC withholding tax, it may materially and adversely affect our shareholders’ return on and value of investment in our ADSs.

We face uncertainty from the Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Enterprise Income Tax on Non-resident Enterprises’ Share Transfer (“Circular 698”) released in December 2009 by SAT with retroactive effect from January 1, 2008.

Pursuant to the Notice on Strengthening Administration of Enterprise Income Tax for Share Transfers by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises issued by SAT on December 10, 2009, or SAT Circular 698, where a non-resident enterprise transfers the equity interests of a PRC resident enterprise indirectly via disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company (referred to as an Indirect Transfer) and such overseas holding company is located in a tax jurisdiction that: (i) has an effective tax rate less than 12.5% or (ii) does not tax foreign income of its residents, the foreign investor shall report to the competent tax authority of the PRC resident enterprise this Indirect Transfer. The PRC tax authority will examine the true nature of the Indirect Transfer and, if the tax authority considers that the foreign investor has adopted an abusive arrangement in order to avoid PRC tax, they will disregard the existence of the overseas holding company and re-characterize the Indirect Transfer and, as a result, gains derived from such Indirect Transfer may be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate of up to 10%. Circular 698 also provides that, where a non-PRC resident enterprise transfers its equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise to its related parties at a price lower than the fair market value, the competent tax authority has the power to make a reasonable adjustment to the taxable income of the transaction. In addition, the PRC resident enterprise may be required to provide necessary assistance to support the enforcement of Circular 698.

There is uncertaintyas to the application of SAT Circular 698. For example, while the term “Indirect Transfer” is not clearly defined, it is understood that the relevant PRC tax authorities have jurisdiction regarding requests for information over a wide range of foreign entities having no direct contact with China. Moreover, the relevant authority has not yet promulgated any formal provisions or formally declared or stated how to calculate the effective tax rates in foreign tax jurisdictions, and the process and format of the reporting of an Indirect Transfer to the competent tax authority of the relevant PRC resident enterprise remain unclear. In addition, there are not any formal declarations with regard to how to determine whether a foreign investor has adopted an abusive arrangement in order to reduce, avoid or defer PRC tax. SAT Circular 698 may be determined by the tax authorities to be applicable to our private equity financing transactions where non-resident shareholders were involved, if any of such transactions were determined by the tax authorities to lack reasonable commercial purpose. Since Circular 698 has retroactive effect from January 1, 2008, we cannot assure you our reorganization will not be subject to examination by the PRC Subsidiaries’ tax authorities and any direct or indirect transfer of our equity interests in our PRC subsidiaries via our overseas holding companies will not be subject to a withholding tax of 10%.

Our certificates, permits and licenses related to our operations are subject to governmental control and renewal, and failure to obtain such certificates, permits and licenses or their renewals will cause all or part of our operations to be terminated.

Our operations require licenses, permits and in some cases renewals of these licenses and permits from various governmental authorities within the PRC. Our ability to obtain, sustain or renew such licenses and permits on acceptable terms is subject to change, as, among other things, the regulations and policies of applicable governmental authorities may change. If these permits expire without renewal, we may not be allowed to operate our business for an extended period of time, or our operations may cease entirely. Our inability to obtain, the loss of, or the denial of, extension as to any of these licenses or permits may have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition and could result in our being required to cease operations, incur fines and incur penalties.

If our land use rights are revoked, we would have no operational capabilities.

Under Chinese law, land is owned by the state or rural collective economic organizations. The state issues to the land users the land use right certificate. Land use rights can be revoked and the land users forced to vacate at any time when redevelopment of the land is in the public interest. The public interest rationale is interpreted quite broadly and the process of land appropriation may be less than transparent. Each of our two facilities rely on these land use rights as the cornerstone of their operations, and the loss of such rights would have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Labor laws in the PRC may adversely affect our results of operations.

On June 29, 2007, the PRC government promulgated a new labor law, namely, the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, or the New Labor Contract Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. The New Labor Contract Law imposes greater liabilities on employers and significantly affects the cost of an employer’s decision to reduce its workforce. Further, it requires certain terminations be based upon seniority and not merit. In the event we decide to significantly change or decrease our workforce, the New Labor Contract Law could adversely affect our ability to enact such changes in a manner that is most advantageous to our business or in a timely and cost-effective manner, thus materially and adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations.

Our failure to fully comply with PRC labor laws exposes us to potential liability.

Companies operating in China must comply with a variety of labor laws, including certain social insurance, housing fund and other staff welfare-oriented payment obligations. There exist uncertainties as to the interpretation, implementation and enforcement of such obligations. If relevant governmental authorities determine that we have not complied fully with such obligations, we may be in violation of applicable PRC labor laws and we cannot assure you that PRC governmental authorities will not impose penalties on us for any failure to comply. In addition, in the event that any current or former employee files a complaint with relevant governmental authorities, we may be subject to making up such staff-welfare oriented obligations as well as paying administrative fines. In the past, we had been delinquent with respect to the payment of social insurance and housing fund payments. We may be liable for the payments and fines arising from such delinquent payments.

Future inflation in China may inhibit our ability to conduct business in China.

In recent years, the Chinese economy has experienced periods of rapid expansion and high rates of inflation. Rapid economic growth can lead to growth in the money supply and rising inflation. If prices for our products rise at a rate that is insufficient to compensate for the rise in the costs of supplies, it may have an adverse effect on profitability. These factors have led to the adoption by the Chinese government, from time to time, of various corrective measures designed to restrict the availability of credit or regulate growth and contain inflation. High inflation may in the future cause the Chinese government to impose controls on credit and/or prices, or to take other action, which could inhibit economic activity in China, and thereby harm the market for our products.

We face risks relatedOur auditor, like other independent registered public accounting firms operating in the PRC, is not permitted to health epidemics.be subject to inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and as such, investors may be deprived of the benefits of such inspection.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected byThe independent registered public accounting firm that issues the effectsaudit reports included in our annual reports filed with the SEC, as an auditor of H1N1 flu (swine flu), avian flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome or other epidemics or outbreaks. In April 2009, an outbreak of H1N1 flu (swine flu) first occurredcompanies that are traded publicly in Mexico and quickly spread to other countries, including the United States and China. Ina firm registered with the last decade, ChinaPublic Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), or the PCAOB, is required by the laws of the United States to undergo regular inspections by PCAOB to assess its compliance with the laws of the United States and professional standards. Because our auditor is located and performs audit work in the PRC, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB is currently unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the PRC authorities, our auditor, like other independent registered public accounting firms operating in the PRC, is currently not inspected by the PCAOB.

Inspections of other firms that the PCAOB has suffered health epidemics relatedconducted outside of the PRC have identified deficiencies in those firms’ audit procedures and quality control procedures, which may be addressed as part of the inspection process to improve future audit quality. The inability of PCAOB to conduct inspections of independent registered public accounting firms operating in the outbreak of avian influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Any prolonged occurrence or recurrence of H1N1 flu (swine flu), avian flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome or other adverse public health developments in China may have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. These health epidemics could result in severe travel restrictions and closures that would restrict our abilityPRC makes it more difficult to ship our products. Potential outbreaks could also lead to temporary closureevaluate the effectiveness of our manufacturing facilities, our suppliers’ facilities and/auditor’s audit procedures or our end-user customers’ facilities, leading to reduced production, delayed or cancelled orders, and decrease in demand for our products. Any future health epidemic or outbreaks that could disrupt our operations and/or restrict our shipping abilitiesquality control procedures. As a result, investors may have a material adverse effect on our business and resultsbe deprived of operations.

We face risks related to natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other events in China that may affect usagethe benefits of public transportation which, in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other events in China. For example, in early 2008, parts of China suffered a wave of strong snow storms that severely impacted public transportation systems. In May 2008, Sichuan Province suffered a strong earthquake measuring approximately 8.0 on the Richter scale that caused widespread damage and casualties. The May 2008 Sichuan earthquake has had a material adverse effect on the general economic conditions in the areas affected by the earthquake. Any future natural disasters, terrorist attacks or other events in China could cause a reduction in usage of or other severe disruptions to public transportation systems and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.PCAOB inspections.

RISKS RELATED TO OUR ORDINARY SHARES AND ADSs

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our directors and officers reside outside the United States.

We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands and conduct substantially all of our operations in China through our PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entity. Substantially all of our directors and officers reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the Cayman Islands or in China in the event that you believe your rights have been infringed under the securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, although the courts of the Cayman Islands will generally recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the Companies Law (2010 Revision) and common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against us and our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which provides persuasive, but not binding, authority in a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States and provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, shareholders in Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in U.S. federal courts.

As a result, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against us, our management, our directors or our major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.

We may become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, which could result in adverse U.S. tax consequences to U.S. investors.

Based on the projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, including goodwill, we do not believe we were considered to be a passive foreign investment company, or a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ended December 31, 2011, and we do not expect to become a PFIC for our taxable year ending December 31, 2012 or thereafter, although there can be no assurance in this regard. In general, we will be a PFIC for any taxable year in which at least 75% of our gross income is “passive income,” as defined for this purpose, or at least 50% of the value of our assets (based on an average of the quarterly values) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of “passive income.” The determination of whether we are a PFIC must be made annually. Accordingly, it is possible that we may become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year due to changes in our income or asset composition. Although we expect to continue to conduct our operations in a manner that will not cause us to become a PFIC, because we have valued our goodwill based on the market value of our ordinary shares and ADSs, a decrease in the price of our ordinary shares or ADSs may result in our becoming a PFIC. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the proceeds of any debt issuance or other capital we may raise in the future. If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” received and any gain realized from a sale or other disposition (including for this purpose any pledge) of our ADSs. Distributions received in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period in our ADSs will be treated as excess distributions. Under these special tax rules: the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period in our ADSs; the amount allocated to the current taxable year will be treated as ordinary income; and the amount allocated to each other year will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate on ordinary income in effect for that year and that tax will be subject to an interest charge. In addition, non-corporate U.S. Holders will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation applicable to “qualified dividends” received from us in taxable years beginning prior to January 1, 2013, if we are a PFIC in the taxable year in which such dividends are paid or in the preceding taxable year. In certain circumstances, in lieu of being subject to the excess distribution rules, you may make an election to include gain on the stock of a PFIC as ordinary income under a mark-to-market method, provided that such stock is regularly traded on a qualified exchange, including the New York Stock Exchange, although there can be no assurance that our ADSs will be “regularly traded” for purposes of the mark-to-market election. If you make a mark-to-market election, such election is generally irrevocable unless our ADSs cease to be regularly traded or the Internal Revenue Service consents to the revocation of the election. Additionally, if we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold our ADSs, you will be subject to special information reporting requirements. For more information on the U.S. tax consequences to you that would result from our classification as a PFIC, please see “Item 10.E. Additional Information — Taxation — United States Taxation — Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.”

Our articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us, which could limit our shareholders’ opportunity to sell their shares, including ordinary shares represented by our ADSs, at a premium.

Our articles of association contain certain provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control of our Company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our Company in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preference shares. These preference shares may have better voting rights than our ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs or otherwise, and could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preference shares, the price of our ADSs may fall and the voting rights of the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs may be diluted.

Certain actions require the approval of a supermajority of at least two-thirds of the members of our board of directors which, among other things, would allow our non-independent directors to block a variety of actions or transactions, such as a merger, asset sale or other change of control, even if all of our independent directors unanimously voted in favor of such action, thereby further depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium.

The market price for our ADSs has been and is likely to continue to be highly volatile, which could result in substantial losses to you.

The market price for our ADSs has been and is likely to continue to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to factors, many of which are beyond our control and which may occur regardless of our actual operating performance, including the following:

In addition, the securities market has, from time to time, experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular companies. Any of these factors could result in large and sudden changes in the volume and trading price of our ADSs and could cause holders of our ADSs to incur substantial losses. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, shareholders have often instituted securities class action litigation against that company. If we were involved in a class action suit or other securities litigation, it would divert the attention of our senior management, require us to incur significant expense and, whether or not adversely determined, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Future issuances of ordinary shares or ADSs may depress the trading price of our ADSs. 

Any issuance of equity securities could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders and could substantially decrease the trading price of our ADSs. We may issue equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy (including in connection with acquisitions and other transactions), to adjust our ratio of debt to equity, to satisfy our obligations upon the exercise of outstanding warrants or options or for other reasons.

Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings.

If we offer holders of our shares any rights to subscribe for additional shares or any other rights, the depositary may make these rights available to you if it is lawful and reasonably practicable. However, the depositary may allow rights that are not distributed or sold to lapse. In that case, you will receive no value for them. In addition, United States securities laws may restrict the sale, deposit, cancellation and transfer of the ADSs issued after exercise of rights. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of ADSs unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, with respect to holders of ADSs, or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. We can give no assurance that we can establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of your holdings as a result.

Holders of ADSs have fewer rights than shareholders and must act through the depositary to exercise their rights.

Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights of our shareholders and may only exercise voting rights with respect to the underlying ordinary shares in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the minimum notice period required to convene a general meeting in 21 days. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient notice of a shareholders’ meeting to permit you to withdraw your ordinary shares to allow you to cast your vote with respect to any specific matter. In addition, the depositary and its agents may not be able to send voting instructions to you or carry out your voting instructions in a timely manner. We will make all reasonable efforts to cause the depositary to extend voting rights to you in a timely manner, but we cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your ADSs. Furthermore, the depositary and its agents will not be responsible for any failure to carry out any instructions to vote, for the manner in which any vote is cast or for the effect of any such vote. As a result, you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and you may lack recourse if your ADSs are not voted as you requested. In addition, in your capacity as an ADS holder, you will not be able to call a shareholders’ meeting.

You may not receive distributions on our shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you.

The depositary has agreed to pay you the cash dividends or other distributions it or its custodian receives on our shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses.

You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of our shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible if it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder of ADSs if it consists of securities that require registration under the Securities Act but that are not properly registered or distributed pursuant to an applicable exemption from registration and the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the costs of mailing them. The depositary is not responsible for making a distribution available to any holders of ADSs if any government approval or registration is required for such distribution. We have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of our ADSs, shares, rights or anything else to holders of our ADSs. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you. These restrictions may have a material and adverse effect on the value of your ADSs.

You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.

Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deem it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

We may need additional capital and may sell additional ordinary shares, ADSs or other equity securities or incur indebtedness, which could result in dilution to our shareholders or increase our debt service obligations.

We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our cash resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities or equity-linked debt securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A.    History and Development of the Company

Reorganization of Shandong Borun into China High

Shandong Borun, our predecessor company which had been controlled by our CEO Mr. Jinmiao Wang (“Mr. Wang”) and his father, Mr. Peiren Wang (together with Mr. Wang and Mrs. Shan Junqin (“Mrs. Wang”), the “Wang family”), since the incorporation of Shandong Borun, in December 2000, underwent a corporate reorganization between September and December 2008 for the purpose of facilitating investments into Shandong Borun by unrelated off-shore (non-PRC) private equity investors.

In September 2008, Golden Direction Limited, or Golden Direction, beneficially owned by Mr. Wang’s mother, Mrs. Wang, acquired the sole share (an ordinary share) of capital of China High, a Hong Kong holding company, from an unrelated party, and in October 2008 China High issued an additional 7,999 ordinary shares to Golden Direction in preparation for and pursuant to the reorganization. China High was previously incorporated in Hong Kong’s Special Administrative Region on July 15, 2008.

On September 30, 2008, China High acquired all of the equity interests of WGC, a PRC limited liability company, from an unrelated party pursuant to an equity interest acquisition agreement for cash consideration of $160,000 and in October 2008 obtained all requisite approvals from the government for such transaction. WGC was previously established as a limited liability company on March 21, 2001 in China’s Shandong Province under the laws of the PRC.

In December 2008, WGC acquired 100% of the equity interests in Shandong Borun. The cash consideration paid by WGC for Shandong Borun was equivalent not to the fair market value of Shandong Borun, but rather to the registered capital of Shandong Borun, or RMB76,500,000 ($12,141,122.7)12,170,869). Such acquisition was approved by the PRC governmental authorities and no member of the Wang Family or any other party received any compensation or any return on investment in connection with the reorganization. Shandong Borun was originally incorporated in the city of Shouguang in China’s Shandong Province on December 1, 2000 under the name “Shouguang Haihong Salt-Making Co., Ltd.” Shandong Borun entered into the edible alcohol producing industry in June 2004 and, on March 13, 2006, changed its name to “Shandong Borun Industrial Co., Ltd.” All operations unrelated to edible alcohol production were removed from Shandong Borun’s business charter as of July 3, 2008.

The result of this reorganization was to maintain Wang Family control of Shandong Borun, while creating a corporate structure which allowed offshore foreign investment in us in compliance with PRC law. Set forth below are charts showing our corporate structure before and after the reorganization.

The 2008 reorganization enabled us to raise capital through the issuance of China High capital stock to our three previously unrelated private equity investors, namely (a) Star Elite Enterprises Limited, or Star Elite, which had made its investment in October 2008, (b) Earnstar Holding Limited, or Earnstar, which had made its investment in June 2009 and (c) TDR Advisors, Inc., or TDR, which had made its investment in September 2009. Prior to Star Elite’s investment in October 2008, Golden Direction was the sole shareholder of China High since September 2008. These initial investments of approximately $18 million made by Star Elite, Earnstar and TDR between October 2008 and September 2009 were made at arms’ length by sophisticated investors after a series of negotiations and performance of due diligence, including reviews of our management accounts, and the per share price of capital stock in China High issued in connection with each investment was based on the price to earnings ratio at the time of issuance. Each of our investment transactions with Star Elite in October 2008, Earnstar in June 2009 and TDR in September 2009 was made at fair market value at the time of each investment or at a discount to fair market value with a beneficial conversion feature recognized for the intrinsic value of the conversion feature in accordance with accounting rule Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 470-20 (EITF 98-5 and 00-27). See footnote 1113 to our audited financial statements included in this annual report.

Acquisition of Daqing Borun

On July 9, 2008, Shandong Borun completed its acquisition of all of the equity interests in Daqing Anxin Tongwei Alcohol Manufacturing Co., Ltd., or Anxin Tongwei, a limited liability company established under the laws of the PRC on September 20, 2004 in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, China. Anxin Tongwei applied for bankruptcy with the People’s Court in Datong, Daqing City on July 26, 2007. The Court made the verdict to approve a procedure of reorganization on July 30, 2007 and to approve a plan of reorganization on November 30, 2007. On July 1, 2008, the Court made the verdict to approve that certain acquisition agreement between Shandong Borun and the then shareholders of Anxin Tongwei on June 26, 2008. On July 9, 2008, the parties completed the acquisition pursuant to which Anxin Tongwei became a wholly owned subsidiary of Shandong Borun. Shandong Borun paid a total cash consideration of RMB139,000,000 ($22,060,340.6)22,114,390.3) for Daqing Borun.

Anxin Tongwei began production of edible alcohol in 2005; however due to operation and financing problems, Anxin Tongwei ceased production and applied for bankruptcy. As of the acquisition date, Anxin Tongwei had been idle for more than one year, with no management personnel or production, employees and no revenue. Subsequent to the acquisition, we spent more than a year and approximately RMB 110 million ($17.5 million) in facility improvements, including improvements to machinery and equipment, in order to replace the previous owner’s “dry” method manufacturing process with our in-house developed Borun wet process (see “ Information on the Company — Business Overview — Our Production Technology” which compares our method with the traditional “dry” method). We also changed the name of Anxin Tongwei to Daqing Borun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., since we regard “corn deep-processing” as a part of the biotechnology field.

Reorganization of China High into New Borun

Effective as of March 31, 2010, our Hong Kong holding company, China High, and its controlling shareholder, Golden Direction, a company beneficially owned by Mrs. Wang, a member of the Wang Family, underwent a corporate reorganization with China High’s minority shareholders Star Elite, Earnstar and TDR (further details of which are set out below) for purposes of listing our securities on a national securities exchange in the United States as a foreign private issuer and for other tax reasons. No member of the Wang Family or any other party received any compensation or any return on investment in connection with the reorganization.

In connection with such reorganization, Mrs. Wang, a member of the Wang Family, incorporated New Borun in the Cayman Islands on December 21, 2009, as a result of which Mrs. Wang ultimately received the sole initial subscriber share of New Borun. On March 9, 2010, Mrs. Wang transferred such sole share to King River, a British Virgin Islands company owned and controlled by Mrs. Wang.

By resolution of the shareholders passed on March 12, 2010, the authorized share capital of New Borun was converted from shares having a par value of $1.00 to shares having a par value of $0.001. As a consequence of this variation of share capital, the initial subscriber share (with a par value of $1.00) held by King River was repurchased by New Borun, and one new share (with a par value of $0.001) was issued by New Borun to King River.

On March 15, 2010, New Borun signed, and effective as of March 31, 2010 New Borun consummated, a share exchange agreement with Golden Direction and King River, whereby New Borun acquired 100% of the voting share capital of Golden Direction from King River in exchange for the issuance by New Borun to King River of an additional 14,847,810 ordinary shares. Such additional shares were issued to King River on March 17, 2010, following which King River held 14,847,811 ordinary shares of New Borun, representing 100% of its issued share capital. As of the consummation of the share exchange pursuant to the share exchange agreement, Golden Direction became a wholly owned subsidiary of New Borun and Golden Direction held approximately 74.24% of the voting capital of China High.

On February 28, 2010 New Borun and Golden Direction signed, and effective as of March 31, 2010 New Borun and Golden Direction consummated, a second share exchange agreement whereby Golden Direction acquired the remaining 25.76% (approximate) of China High. Upon closing that exchange, New Borun issued (i) 3,711,952 of its Class A convertible preference shares, which were automatically convertible into 3,711,952 of its ordinary shares upon the closing of the initial public offering, to Star Elite, one of our private equity investors which is wholly owned by Ms. Ping Chen, (ii) 1,065,330 shares of its Class B convertible preference shares, which were automatically convertible into 1,065,330 ordinary shares upon the closing of the initial public offering, to Earnstar, one of our private equity investors which is wholly owned by Ms. Yibin Wei, who became a Director of New Borun effective April 23, 2010 in connection with the exchange and (iii) 374,907 shares of its Class C convertible preference shares, which were automatically convertible into 374,907 ordinary shares upon the closing of the initial public offering to TDR, one of our private equity investors which is wholly owned by Mr. Ruiping Wang, who became a Director of New Borun effective April 23, 2010 in connection with the exchange. Such reorganization did not result in any change in control as the previous shareholders of China High received their pro rata ownership percentages in New Borun upon the completion of the reorganization.

In connection with and as contemplated by the exchange agreement described in the paragraph above, New Borun (i) entered into a shareholders agreement, effective as of March 31, 2010, with Star Elite, Earnstar, TDR and King River, which sets forth the preference rights held by each of Star Elite, Earnstar and TDR in New Borun and (ii) adopted its Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association with effect from March 30, 2010, which sets forth the rights attaching to the preference shares held by each of Star Elite, Earnstar and TDR. The shareholders agreement and the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association provide for the automatic conversion of each Class A, B and C preference share into ordinary shares, and each of the preference shareholders have agreed to waive all conditions in the shareholders agreement and in the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association so that all of their preference shares automatically convert into ordinary shares upon the closing of the initial public offering.

As of November 15, 2012, WGC has merged with and into Shandong Borun and Shandong Borun reorganized into a wholly owned subsidiary of China High .

We now function exclusively through (1) Golden Direction, (2) China High, (3) China High’s wholly owned subsidiary, WGC, (4) WGC’s wholly owned and our chief operating company, Shandong Borun and (5)(4) Shandong Borun’s wholly owned subsidiary, Daqing Borun. We conduct all of our business in the PRC and do not have any off-shore operations.

Our corporate structure is as follows 

Recent Development of our Business

Between June 2008January1, 2012 and September 2009,December 31, 2012, we:

Between January 1, 2013 and April 22, 2013, we: 

Between September 2009 and December 31, 2010, we:

Between January1, 2011 and December 31, 2011, we:

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures were RMB 213.4 million, RMB 570.0 million, and RMB 303.1 million (US$ 48.1and RMB138.4 million ($22.0 million) in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, respectively, which related primarily to purchasepurchasing property, plant and equipment for expansion of our Shouguang and Daqing edible alcohol facilities, crude corn oil projects at Shouguang and Daqing facilities, and the liquid carbon dioxide project at our Shouguang facility.facility and the deposit of land use rights for our new foam insulation and CPE plant. Based on the current market conditions, we expect to incur capital expenditures ranging from RMB 250.0300.0 million (US$ 39.7 million)($ 47.7million) to RMB 350.0400.0 million (US$ 55.5($ 63.6 million) for 2012,2013, which will be used primaryprimarily for the expansion of our production facility to shift our product mix.for the new foam insulation and CPE projects.

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at Bohai Industrial Park (Yangkou Town), Shouguang, Shandong 262715, the People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number is +86 (536) 5451199. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is at c/o Maples Corporate Services Limited, P.O. Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands.

Investor inquiries should be directed to us at the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices set forth above. Our website is www.chinanewborun.com. The information contained on our website does not form part of this prospectus. Our agent for service of process in the United States is CorpDirect Agents, Inc., located at 515 East Park Avenue, Tallahassee, Florida 32301.

B.   Business Overview

Overview

We are a leading producer and distributor of corn-based edible alcohol in the PRC based on tons of edible alcohol produced. Our edible alcohol products are primarily sold as an ingredient to producers ofbaijiu who further blend our products into finished products sold under various brand names throughout China. “Baijiu” is a grain-based alcoholic beverage, generally made from corn, wheat or barley, clear in color, with alcohol content ranging from 18% to 68%.Baijiu is sold throughout China in retail stores, bars, banquet halls, restaurants and other locations where alcoholic beverages are typically consumed.Baijiu is consumed in almost all the occasions in China where alcoholic beverages are desirable, from daily residential consumption, gatherings of family and friends, business and social occasions, to the Chinese Spring Festival celebrations. In China, consumption ofbaijiuis generally associated with a higher standard of living, and consumption ofbaijiu has grown with the expansion of the PRC economy.

We believe our in-house developed manufacturing process results in a cost effective, consistent and superior product widely sought bybaijiu producers. Producers ofbaijiu often have distinctive taste and flavor profiles that are achieved through proprietary recipes and blending techniques. The consistency and quality of the edible alcohol we supply to them is critical to achieving these taste and flavor profiles.

During the production of edible alcohol, we also produce DDGS feed, corn germ, crude corn oil and liquid carbon dioxide as by-products which are sold separately from our edible alcohol. In July 2010, we completed construction of our liquid carbon dioxide plant at our Shouguang facility, which manufactures liquid carbon dioxide from waste carbon dioxide emitted during our production process, in order to create an additional stream of revenue. Our liquid carbon dioxide plant began contributing revenue in July 2010 and completed the improvement of our liquid carbon dioxide facility at Shouguang with 40,000 tons per annum capacity in August 2011. In March 2011, we completed the installation of our crude corn oil facility in our Daqing facility and started producing and selling crude corn oil by deep-processing corn germ into crude corn oil. Additionally, we completed the crude corn oil facility in our Shouguang facility and began producing and selling crude corn oil in September 2011. We eliminated the production and sale of corn germ from September 2011.

In China, edible alcohol can be classified into Grades A, B and C. Currently, we sell all three Grades of edible alcohol. From August 2011, we began to produce Grade A edible alcohol at our Daqing facility by upgrading our Grade B edible alcohol after the completion of the Grade A edible alcohol facility with annual capacity of 50,000 tons.

In January 2012 the State Intellectual Property Office awarded a patent to us for the Borun wet process, our proprietary manufacturing method. Based upon our knowledge of our industry and the patent approval we obtained from the State Intellectual Property Office of the PRC of for the Borun wet process, we believe our in-house and exclusively developed Borun wet process has a higher production yield, is more environmentally friendly and has a higher energy efficiency as compared to other producers of commercially available corn-based edible alcohol in China. Based upon our knowledge of our industry and our approved patent, we believe we are the only corn-based edible alcohol producer in China utilizing our method.

We currently own and operate two facilities: one in Shouguang, Shandong Province, and the other in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province. Our Shouguang facility occupies a site area of 183,565.81 square meters and has an annual production capacity of 160,000 tons of corn-based edible alcohol (90,000 tons of Grade B edible alcohol and 70,000 tons of Grade C edible alcohol). Our Daqing facility occupies a site area of 219,156 square meters and currently has an annual production capacity of 220,000 tons of corn-based edible alcohol (50,000 tons of Grade A edible alcohol, 140,000 tons of Grade B edible alcohol and 30,000 tons Grade C edible alcohol). We expanded the production capacity of the Daqing facility with the use of the net proceeds from our June 2010 initial public offering, in addition to cash generated from our operations and bank loans, through the construction of Phase III. We believe our Shouguang and Daqing facilities are the largest privately owned corn-based edible alcohol producers in Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province, respectively. Our Daqing facility is licensed to build up to 330,000 tons of production capacity of edible alcohol.

With the completion of Phase III of our Daqing facility, we believe we have become the second largest edible alcohol producer in China, based on current production capacity.

Corn, which we purchase from local farmers and distributors, is the most important raw material used in our production process. Prices of corn are generally higher during non-harvest season than the harvest season and are the lowest in the northeastern region of China. In order to minimize our corn cost and secure supply during the non-harvest season, from 2009, we entered into framework agreements with local granaries in Heilongjiang Province to purchase corn on our behalf from local farmers during the harvest season and to store the corn for delivery. Such supply contracts provide us access to corn at prices which we believe have historically been belowlower than the spot market price in the off season and times of high price volatility due to crop failures and other factors. Upon entering into a framework agreement, we pay a deposit that reflects 10% of our total estimated purchase cost from the granaries for the year. In some cases, the granaries fund the balance of their purchases with loans from the ADB. The framework agreements stipulate the amount of corn we intend to purchase in total for the year from the granaries. The granaries purchase the corn during harvest season and store the corn until we make our purchases. We then make our purchase requests to the granaries in stages. We pay the corn price by reference to the price the granaries paid when they purchased the corn, plus holding costs that reflect the interest costs incurred by granaries, shipping and handling fees. We entered into framework agreements with eight granaries in Heilongjiang Province to supply approximately 200,000 tons of corn in 2013. In addition to the corns secured through the corn sourcing arrangements with local granaries, we also purchased up to 300,000 tons of corn directly from local farmers during the harvest season in 2013, which we will have 500,000 tons of corn secured in total. We believe these arrangements will substantially satisfy our corn consumption at our Shouguang and Daqing facilities during the non-harvestnon harvest season. We pay 10% of the corn purchase price up front to the granaries and in some cases the Agricultural Development Bank funds the balance of the purchase price for the granaries. The agreements stipulate the amount of corn the local granaries have to purchase on our behalf and we make our purchase request to the local granaries in stages, stating the amount and purchase price determined with reference to the then prevailing market prices of purchasing directly from the farmers. The corn is stored by the granary until we request delivery. We have entered into framework agreements with 11 granaries in Heilongjiang Province to supply corn required for at least five months’ production requirements at our Shouguang facility and Daqing facilities in 2012.

From 20092010 to 20112012 our revenue grew from RMB 1,060.51,713.9 million ($ 168.3272.7 million) to RMB 2,685.22,587.4 million ($426.2411.7 million), representing a CAGR of 59.1%51.0%. In the same period, our net income grew from RMB166.4 million ($26.4 million) to RMB313.0 million ($49.7 million), representing a CAGR of 37.1%.

Our Competitive Strengths

Leading Position in the Corn-Based Edible Alcohol Market in the PRC

We believe we were one of the largest corn-based edible alcohol producers in the PRC in terms of production capacity and production output of edible alcohol in 2010, and we estimate that we are currently the second largest producer of edible alcohol in China, based on current production capacity. We believe our leading position plays an important role in negotiating and securing contracts with customers and suppliers and recruiting talent. We enjoy economies of scale over our competitors having a smaller production scale. Accordingly, we believe these enhance our overall competitiveness and are important to our future growth.

Efficient Production Technology

Our production management professionals have independently developed the Borun wet process for the production of edible alcohol. Based upon our knowledge of our industry and the patent we have already obtained from the State Intellectual Property Office of the PRC on our application for a patent of invention for our Borun wet process, we believe we are the only corn-based edible alcohol manufacturer that utilizes such a technology in China. Compared to the dry milling process used by other edible alcohol producers in China, our Borun wet process has a higher production yield and consumes less energy and water due to our higher degree of waste energy recovery. Corn germ produced by our Borun wet process is further refined into crude corn oil, providing an additional revenue stream.

Geographical Advantage of our Production Facilities

Our production facilities are situated in Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province in the PRC. Heilongjiang Province is in the northeast region of the PRC and is one of the largest corn production provinces in the PRC. There are also a significant number of large and mid-sized localbaijiu distilleries situated in Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces. The location of our production facilities in Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces enables us to gain access to thebaijiu distilleries, potential customers as well as a stable supply and lower cost of corn, our primary raw material.

Licensed to Increase Production Capacity

Our Daqing facility has a government-issued production license to produce 330,000 tons of edible alcohol, including an additional 110,000 tons over the current production capacity of 220,000 tons. We believe the approved production license for our Daqing facility ensures that we can expand our capacity in order to capitalize on future market opportunities in the near future. We believe we are in an advantageous position in responding to the expected growing market demand for edible alcohol.

Corn Sourcing Arrangements

We have entered into framework agreements with local granaries in Heilongjiang Province, where corn prices are the lowest in the northeastern region in China, to engage them to purchase corn on our behalf from local farmers during the harvest season and store them for delivery to substantially satisfy our corn requirements for our Shouguang and Daqing facilities during the non-harvest season in 2012.2013. We intend to continue with these arrangements in the future and we believe they will enable us to minimize our corn consumption costs and secure a sufficient corn supply through purchasing earlier in the year for the non-harvest season. Accordingly, we believe this arrangement enhances our price competitiveness.

Experienced Management Team

Our management team includes our founder, Mr. Jinmiao Wang, who has been engaged in the production of corn-based edible alcohol in the PRC since 2004. Such experience has enhanced Mr. Wang’s knowledge and understanding of the corn processing industry and laid the foundation for his development of our edible alcohol business. We believe our management team’s knowledge of the edible alcohol industry will enable us to continue to respond effectively to challenges created by changing market conditions.

Our Strategies

Continuously Improve Product Mix

We will shift our product mix to higher grade and high marginhigher price edible alcohol, as well as increase the profitability of ourselling more valuable by-products. We have completed construction of our Daqing Phase III facility to produce Grade B edible alcohol with additional annual capacity of 120,000 tons in January 2011. We upgraded our edible alcohol production at Daqing facility to Grade A edible alcohol with annual capacity of 50,000 tons and started producing and selling Grade A edible alcohol in August 2011. We also constructed in our Shouguang facility a system to produce liquid carbon dioxide using the carbon dioxide collected during the production of edible alcohol. The Phase I carbon dioxide facility was completed in July 2010 and the Phase II facility was completed in August 2011. In addition, we’ve installed facilities in our Daqing facility and Shouguang facility to further process corn germ to crude corn oil. Crude corn oil has historically sold at higher prices than corn germ. WeIn addition to shifting our product mix based on our currently edible alcohol production facilities, we intend to invest in new foaming insulation and CPE projects to further improve and diversify our product mix continuously.mix.

Customer Diversification

We currently sell our corn-based edible alcohol largely to local distilleries of medium to high qualitybaijiu in Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province. We plan to expand our sales to other provinces to diversify our customer base. We intend to further expand our sales of edible alcohol to western and southern provinces such as Sichuan, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces where we believe the domestic edible alcohol production fails to meet local demand and prices for edible alcohol are significantly higher than the northern China region due to shortage of production.

We believe Sichuan province is the largestbaijiu production base in China. From December 2009, we started selling edible alcohol to customers in Sichuan Province and we have achieved significant progress with our sales in Sichuan Province in 20112012 as we significantly increase the volume of edible alcohol sales to this region. We started selling edible alcohol in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in 2010 and we continuedaim to expand our business in those regions in 2011.regions.

In addition to the expansion of our customer base to distilleries ofbaijiu in different provinces, we also plan to expand to customers in different industries by selling more Grades A and B edible alcohol to large chemical and pharmaceutical companies.

To step up our marketing effort and enhance our reputation in the industry, we intend to increase our local marketing initiatives and set up regional sales offices in strategically important provinces.

Continuous Expansion of Production Capacity—Construction of Phase IV of our Daqing FacilityCapacity

Currently, we have total production capacity of 380,000 tons of corn-based edible alcohol per annum (consisting of 50,000 tons of Grade A edible alcohol, 230,000 tons of Grade B edible alcohol and 100,000 tons of Grade C edible alcohol) while we are permitted to build facilities to produce up to 490,000 tons of edible alcohol under our current production licenses. The 120,000 ton Grade B edible alcohol Phase III at our Daqing facility has commenced commercial production in January 2011, financed by the net proceeds from the initial public offering and our cash generated from our operations and bank loans. Our Grade A edible alcohol project, which is located at our Daqing facility, has a designed capacity of 50,000 tons per year and is currently producing approximately 4,000 tons per month. We intend to construct Phase IV at our Daqing facility in the future to bring the total production capacity of the Company to 490,000 tons of edible alcohol per annum. It is our intention that our future facilities will produce Grade A and Grade B edible alcohol which currently have higher gross profit marginsselling price than Grade C edible alcohol. We also plan to construct another liquid carbon dioxide production line of 200,000 tons capacity at our Daqing facility. However, we have not finalized the plan or enteredenter into any agreements for the construction of such facility.

To diversify the market concentration risk, we plan to further expand our product mix by investing into new sectors- a new foam insulation and CPE manufacturing plant in 2013. The plant will have an annual capacity of 80,000 cubic meters of foam insulation products and 25,000 tons of CPE products. We expect to complete the construction and begin trial production runs in the second half of 2013.

Opportunistic Acquisitions

As the PRC Government, in principle, will not approve the construction of new corn deep-processing plants for edible alcohol according to current policies, we intend to look for acquisition opportunities to expand our production capacity. We will consider medium-sized dry milling edible alcohol production plants where we can improve the production technologies by converting their production processes to our patented, more advanced Borun wet process.

By becoming one of the few listed edible alcohol producers in China with an efficient and environmental-friendly corn processing technology, we believe we will become one of the key consolidators in the edible alcohol industry. With our recent successful experience of acquiring the Daqing facility, we are confident in our ability to carry out similar acquisitions in China efficiently and effectively.

Continuous Improvement of our Borun Wet Process

Our production team has continued to enhance the process by varying conditions of our Borun wet process such as temperature, enzyme and acidity applied in the Borun wet process which has led to a consistently higher yield of edible alcohol from corn and lower energy consumption than what we believe is typical for the market.

Leveraging on our current success, we intend to continue to invest in research and development, especially in process technology, to improve our products and sustain our competitive edge.

Our Products and Primary Markets

Our principal product is corn-based edible alcohol. In our production of corn-based edible alcohol, we also produce DDGS feed, corn germ and liquid carbon dioxide as by-products. In March 2011, we completed our crude corn oil facility in our Daqing facility and began to deep-process corn germ into crude corn oil. This eliminated corn germ production in our Daqing facility. In July 2011, with the completion of our crude corn oil facility in our Shouguang facility and began producing and selling crude corn oil instead of corn germ. Based on our production record during the year ended December 31, 2011,2012, approximately 3.043.01 tons of corn produced 1.0 ton of edible alcohol, 0.800.86 ton of DDGS feed, 0.740.86 ton of liquid carbon dioxide and 0.08 ton of crude corn oil.

Edible Alcohol

Edible alcohol is a colorless, transparent solution of ethanol or a mixed solution of water and ethanol that is produced through the filtration and refined distillation of fermented grain and yeast. We produce our edible alcohol through the distillation of fermented corn. Edible alcohol is an organic product used in various industries to produce a wide range of other products including alcoholic drinks, cleaning solvents, perfumes, cosmetics, dyes, medicines and fuel. The overwhelming majority of our customers are in the beverage and food industry, followed by the chemical industry and pharmaceutical industry. During the fiscal years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, sales of edible alcohol accounted for 68.7%69.8%, 69.8%71.5% and 71.5%69.9% of our revenues, respectively.

In the food and beverage industry, edible alcohol is used for the production ofbaijiu, sparkling and other fruit wines and as a food additive. We produce Grade A edible alcohol, which has alcohol concentration of 99.5%, at Phase II of our Daqing facility with the capacity of 50,000 tons. We produce Grade B edible alcohol, which has alcohol concentration of 95.5%, at Phase II of our Shouguang facility, Phase II of our Daqing facility (20,000 tons) and Phase III of our Daqing facility, with the capacities of 90,000 tons, 20,000 tons and 120,000 tons, respectively. In addition, we produce Grade C edible alcohol, which has alcohol concentration of 95%, at Phase I of our Shouguang facility with the capacity of 70,000 tons and at Phase I of our Daqing facility with the capacity of 30,000 tons. In general, higher grade edible alcohol commands a higher market price than lower grade edible alcohol. The principal market for our edible alcohol is comprised of sales to producers of intermediate and high gradebaijiu. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, the sale of edible alcohol to distilleries ofbaijiucontributed to79.6%to88.4%, 88.4%70.5% and 70.5%62.4% of our edible alcohol sales revenue, respectively.

A portion of our customers are in the chemical industry and use edible alcohol for chemical products such as acetic acid and glycol. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, revenue generated from the sale of edible alcohol to the chemical industry contributed 13.1%8.4%, 8.4%28.6% and 28.6%36.4% of our edible alcohol sales revenue, respectively.

A small number of our customers are in the pharmaceutical industry, where edible alcohol is used as disinfectant, preservative or a feedstock to produce different organic agents. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011, 6.1% 2012, 2.0%, 2.0%0.2% and 0.2%1.2% of our edible alcohol sales revenues, respectively, were attributable to the sale of edible alcohol to the pharmaceutical industry.

The average selling price of our edible alcohol per ton for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 was approximately, RMB4,008 ($636.1), RMB4,730 ($750.7)752.5), RMB5,574 ($886.8) and RMB5,574RMB5,548 ($884.6)882.7), respectively.

DDGS Feed

DDGS feed is a high-protein by-product of edible alcohol which contains rich proteins, fats, amino acid, vitamins and various kinds of minerals which are vital to animal growth and suitable for feeding poultry, livestock and fish. DDGS feed is a digestible protein and energy source for beef  cattle, can be used in turkey and swine applications and acts as a feed for both feedlot and dairy cattle. DDGS feed is also fed to poultry and its use is increasing in the pork industry. DDGS feed is formed through a distillation, evaporation and drying process which occurs after microbial fermentation of corn in the process of edible alcohol production. In the production of edible alcohol, only starch from the corn is used and the remaining nutrients (such as protein, fiber and oil) are used to produce DDGS feed.

The main market for our DDGS feed is comprised of sales to feed processing factories which provide DDGS feed to poultry, livestock and fish. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, sales of DDGS feed contributed to 21.3%17.2%, 17.2%17.5% and 17.5%20.4% of our revenues, respectively. The average selling price of our DDGS feed per ton for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 was approximately RMB1,794 ($284.7), RMB1,734 ($275.2)275.9), RMB1,693 ($269.4) and RMB1,693RMB1,885 ($268.7)299.9), respectively.

Corn Germ

Corn germ is a food product which is created through the process of isolating the embryo buds in corn by removing the outer covering and starch. Corn germ contains the most useful nutrients in the corn kernel. Corn germ is rich in a variety of vitamins and nutrient contents including vitamin E, magnesium and calcium. Corn germ generally has a longer shelf life and contains higher levels of some nutrients than wheat germ. Corn germ contains rich oil content and can also be used for producing corn germ oil, which is already consumed in western countries for its vitamin A and E content and has been growing in popularity in China in recent years. In 2011, we completed the installation of the crude corn oil facilities in both our Daqing and Shouguang facilities, and we began producing crude corn oil by deep-processing corn germ into crude corn oil. We have eliminated the production and sale of corn germ from September 2011.

The main market for our corn germ is comprised of sales to corn oil-producing enterprises. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, sales of corn germ contributed to 9.7%, 11.5% and 3.5% of our total revenues, respectively. The average selling price of our corn germ per ton for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 was approximately RMB2,816 ($446.9), RMB3,352 ($532.0)533.3) and RMB3,544 ($562.5)563.8), respectively.

Crude Corn Oil

Crude corn oil is used to produce edible corn oil, which is sold to corn oil producers. In 2011, we installed the crude corn oil facilities in both our Daqing and Shouguang facilities, and began producing crude corn oil by deep-processing corn germ into crude corn oil. For the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the sales of crude coin oil contributed 5.3% and 7.6% of our revenue.revenue, respectively. The sales volumeaverage selling price of our crude corn oil per ton for each of the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 was approximately 17,700 tons at a price per ton of RMB7,999 ($ 1,269.5).1,272.6) and RMB7,674 ($1,220.9), respectively.  

Liquid Carbon Dioxide

Liquid carbon dioxide is used extensively in oil exploitation to enhance oil recovery, especially in the tertiary phase of oil exploitation, and as a food additive by the food and beverage industry. Our Shouguang facility has commenced production of liquid carbon dioxide from July 2010. In 2011, we installed the Phase II liquid carbon dioxide facility in our Shouguang facility, which began to generate revenue in August 2011. During the process of fermenting corn, waste carbon dioxide is generated and discharged into the atmosphere. The production of one ton of edible alcohol generates approximately 0.84 tons of waste carbon dioxide. During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, sales of liquid carbon dioxide contributed to 1.5%, 2.2% and 2.2%2.1% of our revenues, respectively. The average selling price of our liquid carbon dioxide per ton for each of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 was approximately RMB525 ($83.3) and83.5), RMB 517 ($82.1)82.3) and RMB458 ($72.9). Our liquid carbon dioxide production lines not only generate revenue but also serve to reduce air pollution by recycling carbon dioxide.

We willmay consider constructing another liquid carbon dioxide production line with the capacity of 200,000 tons at our Daqing facility in the future. We estimate that the total investment for this project is approximately RMB200 million ($31.731.8 million). However, we have not finalized the plan or entered into any agreements for the construction at such facility.

Our Production Technology

Our production technology is a nimble departure from the traditional dry milling adopted in China comprising smashing dry grains and then adding water for size mixing prior to pulverization, fermentation and distillation. Our Borun wet process instead involves first steeping (approximately 30 hours) and then de-germing the corn kernel after which we smash the residual material with a colloid mill (a machine that is used to reduce the particle size of a solid which is suspended in a liquid) prior to fermentation (approximately 65 hours) and distillation. Below is a simplified flowchart of our Borun wet process.

Through the implementation of our self-developed production process we have the ability to extract corn germ from the corn, enabling us not only to generate revenue from the sale of such corn germ but also to save on energy costs by removing corn germ from the process. The extraction of corn germ reduces the content of fusil oil in the alcohol, which improves the purity of the product and taste. During the traditional method, corn germ remains in the process and is ultimately converted into corn germ lipids (fats), the presence of which during a later stage of waste water treatment inhibits the production and output of methane. Since we recycle methane through an anaerobic process to supplement our fuel needs (for heating our boilers, for example), the absence of corn germ (and, thus, corn germ lipids) in the Borun wet process during such water treatment stage increases our yield of methane, thereby reducing our dependence on coal for our energy needs.

(1) We eliminated corn germ production and sales from September of 2011.

Our Borun wet process has been developed by our team of professional technicians through years of research and refinement. We believe the key to our gradual improvement on our production technology is our understanding and control of temperature and acidity as well as other key parameters during each stage of the production process. This understanding and application requires continuous and long-term research by our technical professionals as well as the timely inspection, adjustment and replacement of key components of our equipment. Although we understand that there are companies in other countries, such as the United States, that employ similar methods, based upon our knowledge of our industry and our patented Borun wet process, we believe we are the only edible alcohol manufacturer that utilizes such a technology in China. The State Intellectual Property Office of the PRC has approved our application for a patent of invention for our Borun wet process.

In addition to our production technology described above, we have modern production lines with state of the art equipment. For example, we now utilize six-tower fermentation and distillation equipment to produce Grade A edible alcohol and utilize five-tower fermentation and distillation equipment which enables us to produce Grade B edible alcohol as opposed to three-tower equipment which generally produces ordinary grade Grade C edible alcohol. Most edible alcohol producers in China have three-tower equipment and thus our Borun wet process produces a purer, higher quality product which we believe will increase our popularity among customers.

Our Supply of Electricity

Our Shouguang and Daqing facilities were designed and built to be self-sufficient in power supply through the construction of their own coal-fired power-generating systems. To satisfy the electricity demand from our Phase III Daqing facility, we constructed additional coal-fired power-generating systems. The new power-generating system for our Phase III Daqing facility will allow us to continue to be self-sufficient in power supply. Each of our Shouguang and Daqing facilities is connected to the national grids which allow us to access electricity from the local grid (to the extent available) when our turbines are under repair or their operations otherwise interrupted.

We carry out inspection, maintenance and repair works for our electricity supply system regularly to ensure a stable and continuous supply of electricity to our manufacturing facility and reduce the possibility of system failures. We carry out a full-scale inspection and maintenance program for our electricity supply system annually. This inspection and maintenance program takes approximately a week to complete. Once a stoppage in electricity occurs, our power-generating systems take a few hours to return to normal output efficiency levels.

Environmental Protection

We strive to meet all applicable environmental standards and seek to increase recycling and waste energy recovery. We believe our Borun wet process is an environmentally clean production technology with little pollution or discharge. We produce excess heat, solid waste from coal burning, wastewater and generate carbon dioxide and methane in our production process. The wastewater produced is subject to applicable national and local discharge limits.

For example, due to the abundance of methane output, we can reach the discharge standard in the wastewater treatment as our COD content is less than 50 milliliters per cube, which exceeds the Chinese minimum national standard requirement of 100 milliliters (“COD” is often measured as a rapid indicator of organic pollutants in water, is typically measured in both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants and gives an indication of the efficiency of the treatment process). We also recycle methane produced in our wastewater treatment process to generate electricity.

We have a pollution control system in relation to our wastewater discharge installed in all of our production plants. These systems are connected directly to local environmental bureaus so that the local environmental bureaus can monitor whether our wastewater discharge is up to the relevant environmental standard. Except as otherwise disclosed in this annual report, we are currently in full compliance with relevant PRC environmental regulations.

In the process of burning coal to supply electricity, we produce solid waste which is sold normally for road building or as a type of construction material.

Quality Control Measures

We recognize the importance of stringent quality controls in our production and have established quality control departments responsible for implementing quality control measures and monitoring quality control policies and procedures. Quality control measures are in place throughout the production process to ensure that the finished products will meet our quality standards. We test raw materials, work-in-progress and finished products at our facilities throughout the production process.

Our quality control policies and procedures include: (1) a set of management policies for production, including the technical standards, detailed operational guidelines, procedures for updating technical data and on-going analyses of technical indicators; (2) detailed descriptions of the duties of each person involved in the production of our products, (3) the implementation of detailed reporting and transitional systems; (4) periodic assessments of the effectiveness of technical data and the quality of management; (5) the establishment of detailed operational procedures over key production cycles such as fermentation and distillation; and (6) incentive plans encouraging staff in the improvement of production quality and efficiency.

In addition, each of our quality control departments performs on-site inspection of corn at granaries or when raw materials are delivered to ensure that they meet the required standards.

Our Research and Development

We spent approximately RMB201,600 ($31,995.4), RMB611,200 ($97,002.0)97,239.7), RMB432,300 ($68,777.3) and RMB432,300RMB668,800 ($68,609.2)106,403.6) during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, respectively, on Company-sponsored research and development activities, including, without limitation, all activities in respect of our in-house developed Borun wet process.

We currently have a research and development department staffed with ten individuals that have qualifications in various disciplines including fermentation engineering, biological technology and applied biology and food engineering. Our research and development team is mainly responsible for the cultivation and selection of enzymes for fermentation, improvement of our production technique and processes, improvement of the quality of our products and collating industry standards and information and ensuring we are abreast of advance technologies.

We believe the key to our gradual improvement in our production technology is our understanding and control of temperature, enzyme and acidity as well as other key parameters during each stage of the production process. This understanding and application requires continuous and long-term research by our technical professionals as well as the timely inspection, adjustment and replacement of key components of our equipment.

Our Production Facilities and Current Production Capabilities

We have two production facilities, one in the city of Shouguang, Shandong Province (our Shouguang facility) and one in Daqing City in Heilongjiang Province (our Daqing facility). Our Shouguang facility is licensed to produce 160,000 tons of edible alcohol per year. Our Daqing facility has a government-issued production license to produce 330,000 tons of edible alcohol; however its current production capacity is 220,000 tons.

Our Shouguang facility is ten kilometers from the Yangkou Port, which is located in the northern part of the city of Shouguang, Shandong Province, at the mouth of Xiaoqinghe River on the southwest coast of Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea in eastern China. The facility occupies an area of 1,975,902 square feet (approximately 183,565.81 square meters) and employs 625624 Company-trained employees. There are direct routes from the Yangkou Port to Japan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Macau and other countries and regions. The Bohai Sea Rim Economic Circle, where the port is situated, is one of the most active regions in China’s economy.

At our Shouguang facility, we have two production lines in which the first production line was completed in 2006 to produce Grade C edible alcohol with a designed capacity of 60,000 tons per annum while the second production line was completed in August 2009 to produce Grade B edible alcohol with a designed capacity of 80,000 tons per annum. Currently, annual production capacity of our Shouguang facility is 160,000 tons of edible alcohol. We believe our Shouguang facility is the largest edible alcohol manufacturer in Shandong Province.

Our Daqing facility is located in the Corn Industrial Park of the Datong District of Daqing City in Heilongjiang Province in northeastern China. The facility occupies an area of 2,358,978 square feet (219,156 square meters) and employs 644489 company-trained employees. Based on our understanding of this industry, we believe the Daqing facility is one of the largest private enterprises and edible alcohol manufacturers in Heilongjiang Province.

We acquired our Daqing facility in July 2008 and placed this facility into production at the end of 2008 with one production line. Upon completion of Phase II at our Daqing facility in August 2009, our annual production capacity at that facility increased to 100,000 tons of edible alcohol. Upon completion of our Phase III Daqing facility in January 2011, our annual production capacity at that facility increased to 220,000 tons of edible alcohol.

The following table summarizes the actual production level for each of our products during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011:2012:

Our Customers and Methods of Distribution of our Products

Our customers are primarily localbaijiu distilleries and chemical industries in Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces. Currently, we sell over 65.4%64.8% of our edible alcohol to 3831 customers mainly in Shandong and Heilongjiang provinces.

Historically, our customers placed purchase orders with us on a regular basis. In the fourth quarter of 2011 and January 2012, we entered into pre-sales agreements and letters of intent for our edible alcohol with certain key customers, who have plans to purchase approximately 90% of our total production capacity in 2012. According to the pre-sales agreements and letters of intent, we will be required to produce edible alcohol with specific standards of quality on a pre-determined schedule and to deliver the products at prevailing market prices.

After our expansion of our Daqing facility in August 2009, we began using two railways and one 1,000 meter-long train station to deliver our products. The station is approximately five kilometers away from our Daqing facility. The railways and station were specifically designed for the transportation of edible alcohol from our Daqing facility. This allows us to transport our products to customers in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan and other regions in southern China. We started selling in and transporting our edible alcohol to Sichuan Province in December 2009. And we’ve successfully developed customers in Anhui, Jiangsu, Hebei, Jilin and Liaoning provinces.

During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, there was no single customer from which we generated more than 10% of total sales for any of our products.

Most of our orders for edible alcohol are made by customers who arrange to come to our facilities to pick up their orders at our facilities. However, we do deliver to approximately 20%a part of our edible alcohol customers who will be liable for the shipping costs under agreed special arrangements. For DDGS feed, corn germ, crude corn oil and liquid carbon dioxide, all of our customers come to our facilities to pick up their orders and we have never been responsible for delivery and transportation for such by-products. This is common and consistent with the terms of our contracts with such customers and such customers usually make payment after they acknowledge their acceptance of such products (usually within 40 days of receipt of the products by such customers).

Edible alcohol is transported using alcohol tankers for both road and rail. Generally, we will enter into a transportation contract with a delivery company and then we assign an escort to accompany the shipment in order to ensure the safe delivery of the product and to ensure our customers’ satisfaction. The party who causes the loss during such transportation is responsible for the cost of such loss.

We have never had any significant delays in the delivery of our edible alcohol under such special arrangements and we believe our delivery customers have been satisfied with our service. We do not depend on any single delivery company or a few delivery companies such that the loss of any one or more of them would have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our Sales and Marketing

We have a sales and marketing team of 3738 employees, with a sales manager overseeing our overall sales and marketing initiatives.

We do not sell our products through distributors. Our sales teams in Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province market our products directly to our customers. Due to the strong local demand for edible alcohol in Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province, aboveapproximately 65% of our products manufactured at our Shouguang and Daqing facilities was sold in the local market. We’ve expand our sales of edible alcohol to customers in Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hebei, Jilin and Liaoning provinces as a strategy to diversify our customer base geographically. We expect to sell more edible alcohol to provinces other than Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province in the future.

We price our products based on their respective prevailing market prices taking into account factors such as our manufacturing costs and, to a lesser extent, order size. As corn and coal are the key materials for our production, any fluctuation in the supply or price of either of these have an impact on our pricing determination. We convene meetings regularly to determine the price of our products. The general manager, sales manager, financial controller and sourcing manager participate in these meetings. Our customers generally pay at the time of receipt of our delivery or within 40 days after their receipt of our products, resulting in a short accounts receivable cycle. For new customers, we may also require a prepayment before delivery of our products.

Our Suppliers and Raw Materials

At our Shouguang facility, we formerly sourced corn through the following channels: (1) from distributors in Jilin and Liaoning Province, which accounted for most of our corn supply; and (2) from local farmers in Shandong Province. At our Daqing facility, we formerly sourced corn from distributors and local farmers in Heilongjiang Province.

Beginning in November 2009, we entered into framework agreements with local granaries in Heilongjiang Province, where corn prices are the lowest in the Northeastern region of China, to engage them to purchase corn for us from local farmers during the harvest season and store them for delivery to substantially satisfy the corn requirements of our Shouguang facility and Daqing facility during the non-harvest season. Such supply contracts provide us access to corn at prices which we believe have historically been belowlower than the spot market price in the off season and times of high price volatility due to crop failures and other factors. We intend to satisfy our corn consumption at our Shouguang and Daqing facilities through these arrangements.factors We have entered into framework agreements with eleveneight granaries in Heilongjiang Province to supply cornapproximately 200,000 tons of corns in total for at least a five-month production requirement to our Shouguang facility and Daqing facilities in 2012.2013.

The framework agreements stipulate the quantity of corn the local granaries havewe intend to purchase in total for us.the year from the granaries. The granaries purchase the corn during the harvest season and store the corn until we make our purchases. We then make our purchase requests to the local granaries in stages, stating the quantity and purchasequantity. We pay the corn price determined withby reference to the then prevailing market prices. Certain localprice the granaries obtain loans frompaid when they purchased the Agricultural Development Bank to carry outcorn plus additional costs that reflect the purchases of corn on our behalf.interest costs incurred by granaries, shipping and handling fees. After we make a purchase request,enter into the framework agreements and communicate our total intended purchases for the year, we pay the local granaries the security deposits they are required to pay the Agricultural Development Bank in order to obtain the loans required for the purchases. The amount of the security deposit required to be paid to the local granaries for loans made by the Agricultural Development Bank isbased on 10% of the loan amount for framework agreements. We are liable for the interest on the loans.total estimated purchase cost as agreed by both parties. We settle the entire purchase price including but not limited to the shipping cost, handling fee and interest expenses which the granaries paid to ADB (the security deposit can be used as part payment) priorwhen the granaries deliver the corn to taking delivery of the corn.us. So far, all of our purchase requests have been executed by the local granaries in accordance with the terms set out therein.

Although the local granaries purchase corn on our behalf, they hold title to the corn until we take delivery under the framework agreements. We have assigned employees atto the local granaries to supervise the purchase, processing and storing of the corn purchased by the local granaries on our behalf. This helps us to secure the execution of the contracts.

WeIn addition to the 10% deposit we pay upon entering into a framework agreement, we are required to pay the local granaries a fixed handling fee of RMB124 ($19.7) per ton of corn for executing the purchase on our behalf, drying and process the corn to our required standard and storing the corn, among other services. 50% of this fee is payable when we request the purchase of corn and the remaining 50% when we complete the purchase. We are also responsible for the transportationshipping cost of delivering the corn from the local granaries to our facilities.

We generally maintainIn addition to the corns secured through these corn sourcing arrangements, we have further expanded our sourcing strength by purchasing up to 300,000 tons of corn directly from local farmers. As a result, we have secured a total of approximately 500,000 tons of corn, which we believe can substantially satisfy our corn consumption requirement at our Shouguang and Daqing facilities during the non-harvest seasons in 2013.

Formerly, we maintained an inventory of about half a month’s corn requirement at our Shouguang facility and Daqing facility. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, corn accounted for approximately 82.8%84.7% , 84.7%86.3% and 86.3%86.1% of our cost of goods sold, respectively.

In addition to corn, we rely on the supply of coal to power our production facilities. At our Shouguang facility, we purchase coal primarily from distributors who source their coal from Shanxi Province. At our Daqing facility, we purchase all of our coal from distributors who source their coal from Heilongjiang Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In general, from June through September, coal prices are lower as compared to coal prices from October through July. Therefore, we purchase larger quantities from June through September and stock our reserves. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, coal accounted for approximately 9.6%9.0%, 9.0%7.5% and 7.5%6.9% of our cost of goods sold, respectively.

Seasonality

We believe our business is not seasonal in nature.

Competition

There is no dominant leader in our industry in the PRC but there are a few manufacturers whose capacities are similar to ours. We compete primarily on the basis of customer recognition and industry reputation, product price and quality, ability to deliver our product on a timely basis, and a competitive cost structure. We believe we can continue to compete successfully with our competitors because of our product quality, competitive cost structure and timely delivery of our product. In order to maintain and enhance our competitive advantages, we must continue to focus on our competitive pricing through cost control, product quality and improving our proprietary production processes.

We only compete with domestic companies and do not compete with any international producers. Our major competitors include the other top 10 edible alcohol producers in China such as Jilin New Tian Long, COFCO Zhaodong, Meihekou Fukang and Lianyungang Dongcheng.

Although we believe that our competitive strengths provide us with advantages over many of our competitors, some of our competitors may have stronger brand names, stronger customer bases, greater access to capital, longer operating histories, longer or more established relationships with their customers and greater marketing and other resources than we do. If we fail to maintain or improve our market position or fail to respond successfully to changes in the competitive landscape, our business, financial condition and results of operations may suffer.

Safety Procedures and Measures

Our edible alcohol and methane produced during our production process is flammable. We design and implement our production process with safety precautions against the flammable nature of edible alcohol and methane. We store produced edible alcohol in a warehouse away from our production facilities to reduce the risk of accidents (see Item 3.D, “Key Information — Risk Factors — “Our operations are subject to various risks associated with our use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials, some of which are toxic and flammable. If we are found liable for contamination, injury to employees or others, or other harms related to our use, handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials, our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected” and “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Regulation — Regulation On Safety Administration Of Dangerous Chemicals”).

The relevant safety law which governs us is the Production Safety Law of the PRC, which sets out the legal standard for safety measures in relation to the establishment, modification and expansion of production facilities. In case of any non-compliance, the relevant governmental body has the right to order the non-complying company to remedy such non-compliance within a given period of time, failing which, it may be subject to an order for cessation of production and penalty charges, and if it amounts to a criminal offense, such company will be prosecuted under the criminal laws.

We have implemented comprehensive occupational health and safety procedures and measures for our operations. Our management examined and scrutinized the internal industrial safety control measures and safety awareness of the workforce and supervisors in all plants and within the workstations. Safety-related training and education were provided periodically to promote safety awareness of the Group’s management and employees.

We have internal safety operating manuals and risk approval procedures to ensure strict compliance with the internal rules and regulations by the employees. Our management and employees are trained and continually assessed so as to comply with all the required procedures and the relevant operating guidelines.

Intellectual Property

We have obtained two Trademark Registration Certificates from the Trademark Office of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce in respect of our two Trademark Applications respectively and we are now also under application for other trademarks.

On January 11, 2012, the State Intellectual Property Office of the PRC approved our application for a patent of invention for our Borun wet process and based upon our knowledge of our industry, we believe we are the only corn-based edible alcohol producer in China using the Borun wet process. For a description of our Borun wet process technology, please see the subsection above entitled “ Information on the Company — Business Overview — Our Production Technology”.

Furthermore, we registered the domain name of www.chinanewborun.com, which is used to support our business and promote our Group.

Description of Properties: Land Use Rights

For our Shouguang facility, we have four Land Use Right Certificates covering an area of approximately 1,975,902.3 square feet (183,565.81 square meters) and 28 Property Ownership Certificates covering a construction area of approximately 377,489 square feet (35,070 square meters). For our Daqing facility, we have three Land Use Right Certificates covering an area of approximately 2,358,978 square feet (219,156 square meters) and 1539 Property Ownership Certificates covering a construction area of approximately 356,885.151,011,825.56 feet (33,155.44(94,000.89 square meters).

Under Chinese law land is owned by the state or rural collective economic organizations. The state issues to the land users the land use right Certificate. Land use rights can be revoked and the land users forced to vacate at any time when redevelopment of the land is in the public interest. The public interest rationale is interpreted quite broadly and the process of land appropriation may be less than transparent. According to the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, in any of the following cases, the relevant land administrative department may recover the land use right of State-owned land where: (1) land is to be used for the sake of the public interest; (2) land is to be used for adjustment in re-building old city districts in order to implement urban construction plans; (3) when the term for the land use right expires according to what is agreed upon in the contract for compensated use of land and the land user has failed to apply for extension or failed to get approval for extension; (4) the use of land originally allocated has been stopped due to cancellation or removal of units; (5) roads, railways, airports and mining sites that have been approved to be abandoned. Proper compensation should be given to land use right users whereas the use right of State-owned land is recovered according to the provisions of (1) and (2) of the preceding paragraph.

With respect to the expropriation of land by the State, local governments at or above the county level are required to make an announcement and to organize the implementation after such determination in accordance with the applicable legal procedures. Owners or users of the land expropriated should, within the time limit specified in the announcement, go through the compensation registration for expropriated land with the land administrative departments of the local people’s governments on the strength of the land certificate. Each of our two facilities rely on these land use rights as the cornerstone of their operations, and the loss of such rights would have a material adverse effect on us.

Insurance

The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of its development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products or offer them at a high price. Business interruption or similar types of insurance are not customary in China. We currently maintain insurance coverage on our property and facilities and machinery, which, as of December 31, 2011,2012, were approximately RMB371.5RMB1,664.9 million ($59.0264.9 million) on our property and facilities approximately RMB1,125.6 million ($178.6 million) on ourand machinery, and approximately RMB95.0RMB100.0 million ($15.115.9 million) on our inventory. We do not carry any third-party liability insurance to cover claims in respect of personal injury, property or environmental damage arising from accidents on our property or relating to our operations other than on our transportation vehicles. We have not had a third-party liability claim filed against us during the last five years.

Employees

As of the date of this annual report, our Shouguang facility had 625624 full-time employees and our Daqing facility had 644489 full-time employees for a total of 1,2691,113 full time employees, which is comprised of 979826 manufacturing staff, 253249 management and administrative personnel, and 3738 full-time employees in our sales department. We believe we have a good relationship with our employees, and we have never experienced a work stoppage or a labor dispute that has interfered with our operations. At our Daqing facility, we house our employees in Company-owned apartment buildings. With respect to our Shouguang facility, we have chosen a piece of land and intend to construct dormitories for our employees in the city of Shouguang. When complete, we will allocate housing for our employees and provide shuttle bus services to and from the Shouguang facility.

In the PRC, in accordance with the relevant labor and social welfare laws and regulations, we are required to pay, in respect of our employees in the PRC, various social insurance including pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and occupational injury insurance. In accordance with applicable PRC regulations on housing funds, we are also required to contribute to a housing fund for our employees. In the past, we had been delinquent with respect to the payment of social insurance and housing fund payments. We may be liable for the payments and fines arising from such delinquent payments. Such late payment has been fully settled and the clearance from the relevant authorities was obtained on January 2010. Since 2010, the Company paid the social insurance and housing fund for employees every month according to PRC laws and such payments were recorded as part of the staff cost in the financial statements. Total contributions to such funds were approximately RMB2.0 million ($0.3 million), RMB6.2 million ($1.01 million) and, RMB10.5 million ($1.7 million) and RMB9.4 million ($1.5 million) for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has no payment obligation remained unpaid or delinquent related to social insurance. We expect that the amount of our contribution to the government’s social insurance funds will increase in the future as we expand our workforce and operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2011,2012, we have paid RMB77,000RMB91,950 ($12,220)14,629) and RMB3,329,000RMB3,687,000 ($528,413)586,588) for group casualty insurance and pension insurance, respectively.

Legal Proceedings

We are not a party to any material legal proceedings.

REGULATION

Introduction

Our primary production and operation entities are WGC, Shandong Borun and Daqing Borun, each of which is located in the PRC. These entities, with respect to their business operations, are subject to relevant industry policies, laws, regulations, rules and extensive government regulatory policies.

With respect to its current business operations, we are subject to the following laws, regulations and rules:

Material Licenses

On December 1, 2000, the Shouguang Administration for Industry and Commerce granted Shandong Borun the right to operate for a period of three years from the date of Shandong Borun’s inception and, on November 1, 2003, the Shouguang Administration for Industry and Commerce extended the business term of Shandong Borun to November 1, 2033. On July 9, 2008, the Daqing Administration for Industry and Commerce (Datong Branch) granted Daqing Borun the right to operate with no business term limitation.

WGC and its subsidiaries (ShandongShandong Borun and Daqing Borun)Borun can only conduct business within their registered business scopes, which appear on each of their business licenses. WGC’s license permits us to produce and sell calcium chloride; wholesale saccharifying enzyme and amylase; and purchase and sell edible alcohol, corn germ, DDGS feed and related equipments and trade of grain. Shandong Borun’s license includes production and sale of edible ethanol, xanthan gum,food additives liquid carbon dioxide, corn oil, glacial acetic acid, chemical productsgerm meal ,single feed(maize alcohol jees), chlorinated polymer related product, sale of high-molecular polymer materials (exclusive of dangerous chemicals), glucoamylase, amylase, the purchase of foodstuffs and the import and export of goods within the scope allowed by the PRC. Daqing Borun’s license includes production and sale (export) of edible alcohol , edible vegetable oil and auxiliary materials in corn-processing,single feed(DDGS), purchasing processing andcorn, rice, potato, coarse cereals, sale of foodstuffs.grain and the import and export business. Any further amendment to the scope of our business will require additional applications and government approval or registration.

Industry Policy

On December 2, 2005,March 27, 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission of the PRC, or the NDRC, issued the Guidance Catalogue on the Adjustment of Industrial Structure (2005(2011 Version) in which the production of alcohol line falls under the restricted industry item. According to the Interim Provisions on the Promotion of Adjustment of Industrial Structure promulgated by the State Council and implemented on December 2, 2005, investment into new projects of restricted industries is prohibited. Companies previously doing business in restricted industries may adopt measures to reform and upgrade.

On June 3, 2007, the State Council issued a “Notification on the Issuing of the Comprehensive Work Plan on Saving Energy and Reducing Emission” which stipulated the increasing elimination of “backward” production capacities in paper-making, alcohol, monosodium glutamate and citric acid industries. Alcohol manufacturers with “backward” production technologies and equipment, and those smaller manufacturers having a production capacity less than 30,000 tons per year of edible alcohol would thereafter be eliminated from competing in the alcohol industry during the 11^th Five-Year Plan period (2006 -2010), and 1.6 million tons of such “backward” production capacity in the alcohol industry are to be eliminated by the end of the 11^thFive-Year Plan period. Additionally, the “Notification on the Planning of Eliminating Backward Production Capacity in Paper-Making, Alcohol, Monosodium Glutamate and Citric Acid Industries” jointly issued by NDRC and State Environmental Protection Administration on October 22, 2007, provided a yearly target for elimination of 1.6 million tons of such “backward” production capacity in the alcohol industry, i.e., 101,000 tons for 2006, 400,000 tons for 2007, 444,000 tons for 2008, 355,000 tons for 2009 and 300,000 tons for 2010. According to a notice issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, 945,000 tons of backward production capacity in the alcohol industry had already been eliminated by the end of 2008.

The export rebate rate of alcohol was cut to zero from 13.0 percent in 2006, then raised to 5.0 percent in June 2009 to boost China’s alcohol export. However, seeing the great increase of alcohol export may endanger local supply, the government again dropped the export rebate rate to zero in 2010.

Starting from September 2010, the alcohol industry applies the Cleaner Production Standard for Alcohol Industry (HJ 581-2010) to regulate the pollution caused by the production process.

Overall, we believe such national industry policy will have a positive impact on our business and will continue to be a contributing factor to our growth and developmental potential. Since the implementation of this national industry policy, the production capacity of the whole alcohol industry has substantially decreased while recent market trends show that alcohol consumption continues to rise. Therefore, we have reason to believe the alcohol industry as a whole will continue to be a growth industry as demand continues to rise. However, such national industry policy may also have a negative impact on our business. According to the “Guidance Opinion on Promoting of the Healthy Development of Corn Deep-Processing Industry” issued by the National Development and Reform Commission in September 2007, the amount of corn used for “deep-processing” cannot exceed 26% of the total corn consumption in the 11^th Five-Year Period. During the 11^th Five-Year Period, construction projects for corn deep-processing which have received approval but have not begun shall discontinue plans for construction. New applications for corn deep-processing projects will not be approved in principle. The examination of renovation and expansion projects of existing corn deep-processing facilities shall be strengthened. Since the production of edible alcohol using corn is a form of “deep-processing” work, this policy may limit our ability to obtain our primary raw material (corn). We believe 28.0%more than 30.0% of total corn consumption was used for corn deep-processing in 2010,2011, which goes beyond the government plan to restrain the deep processing ratio below 26 percent. The State Administration of Grain issued the 12th Five-Year Plan for Grain and Oil Processing on January 13, 2012 (the “12th Five-Year Plan”) which requires the continuous control of the excessive corn deep-processing growth and the reasonable rate between the amount of total yield and the total corn consumption till the end of the 12th Five-Year. The 26% ratio has not been changed in the 12th Five-Year Plan, however, it is uncertain whether the PRC governmental entities will change the ratio or what ratio the Chinese government is expected to apply in the next few years.

Material Licenses Relating to Our Products

In accordance with the Regulations of the PRC on the Administration of Production License for Industrial Products promulgated by the State Council on July 9, 2005 and implemented on September 1, 2005, the Circular on Issues Concerning the Production License of Edible Alcohol Product issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) of PRC on December 2, 2010 and the Circular on the Promulgation of Catalogue of Products subject to Production License issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ)AQSIQ of the PRC on December 5, 2007 and amended in 2012, the State Council has put in place a production licensing system for enterprises which produce edible alcohol and liquid carbon dioxide.

Feed Production

According to the Administrative Measures foron the ExaminationProduction License of Feed Production Enterprisesand Feed Additives issued on November 7, 2006May 2, 12012 by the Ministry of Agriculture, and implemented on MayJuly 1, 2007,2012, an applicant for the establishment of a feed production enterprise shall obtain the Qualification Certificates for the Examination of Feed Production Enterprises (the “Certificate”)production certificate prior to registering with the competent branches of SAIC. The Certificatefeed and feed additives production enterprises also requiresrequired an annual filing before the end of MarchFebruary each year. The Regulation on the Administration of Feeds and Feed Additives, issued on May 29, 1999 and last amended on November 29, 20013, 2011 further provides that feed products must be granted quality certificates before such products may be commercialized.

Environmental Regulations

Our production processes generate noise, wastewater, gaseous and other industrial wastes. The major PRC environmental regulations applicable to us include the Environmental Protection Law of the PRC, the Environmental Impact Appraisal Law of the PRC, the Law of the PRC on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Law of the PRC on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the Law of the PRC on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste and the Law of the PRC on Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise Pollution.

The Environmental Protection Law of the PRC sets out the legal framework for environmental protection in the PRC. The Ministry of Environmental Protection, or the MEP, of the PRC is primarily responsible for the supervision and administration of environmental protection work nationwide and formulating national waste discharge limits and standards. Local environmental protection authorities at the county level and above are responsible for environmental protection in their jurisdictions.

Companies that discharge contaminants must report and register with the MEP or the relevant local environmental protection authorities. Companies discharging contaminants in excess of the discharge limits prescribed by the central or local authorities must pay discharge fees for the excess in accordance with applicable regulations and are also responsible for the treatment of the excessive discharge. Government authorities can impose different penalties on individuals or companies in violation of the Environmental Protection Law of the PRC, depending on the individual circumstances of each case and the extent of contamination. Such penalties include warnings, fines, impositions of deadlines for remedying the contamination, orders to stop production or use, orders to re-install contamination prevention and treatment facilities which were removed without permission or left unused, administrative actions against relevant responsible persons or companies, or orders to close down those enterprises. Where a violation is serious, the persons or companies responsible for the violation may be required to pay damages to victims of the contamination. Where serious environmental contamination occurs in violation of the provisions of the Environmental Protection Law of the PRC resulting in serious loss of public and private property, the persons or enterprises directly responsible for such contamination may be held criminally liable.

Regulation on Work Safety

We are subject to a variety of governmental regulations related to work safety. The major PRC regulations related to work safety applicable to us include Work Safety Law of the PRC and Regulation on Work Safety License.

Work Safety Law of the PRC

The Work Safety Law of the PRC, or the WSL, was adopted at the 28^th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth People’s Congress on June 29, 2002, became effective as of November 1, 2002, and then was amended on August 27, 2009. The WSL is applicable to the work safety of entities engaging in production and business operation activities within the PRC. Such entities must comply with the WSL and other relevant laws and regulations concerning work safety and must strengthen the administration of work safety, establish and perfect a system of responsibility for work safety, ensure conditions for safe production, and ensure safety in production.

The WSL and other provisions of the relevant laws and regulations create a system for attributing responsibility for work safety accidents and holding liable those found to be responsible for work safety accidents. Entities engaged in the production, operation and storage of hazardous substances, (1) must establish an administrative committee for work safety or have full-time personnel for the administration of work safety; (2) are subject to the examination and approval as well as the supervision and administration of relevant administrative departments, according to the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, national standards or industrial standards; (3) must have archive files for substantial hazardous sources, make regular checks, appraisals, supervisions and controls, make emergency plans, and inform employees and other relevant people of the emergency measures that should be taken under emergency circumstances; (4) must report, according to the relevant provisions of the state, the substantial hazardous sources and the corresponding safety measures and emergency measures to the administrative department and other relevant departments of the local people’s government in charge of the supervision and administration of work safety for archive purposes; and (5) must have exits in the sites of production and the dormitories of the employees which meet the requirements for emergency dispersal of people, have highly visible marks and be clear of obstructions. Entities shall be prohibited from closing or obstructing the exits of the sites of production and business operation and the dormitories of the employees.

Regulation on Work Safety Licenses

The Regulation on Work Safety Licenses, or RWSL, was promulgated by the State Council on January 13, 2004 and came into force on the same date. According to the RWSL, an enterprise engaging in the production of hazardous chemicals must apply for a work safety license before production.

To obtain a work safety license, an entity must satisfy certain work safety conditions, which mainly include: (1) establishing and improving a system for work safety, and formulating a complete set of work safety rules; (2) investing in safety satisfying applicable work safety requirements; (3) establishing administrative entities for work safety and installing full-time work safety administrative personnel, who have passed the appraisal conducted by the competent authority; (4) ensuring that special personnel have passed the appraisal conducted by the competent authority, and have obtained qualification certificates for special operations; (5) ensuring employees have gone through work safety education and training; (6) ensuring premises, work sites, safety facilities, equipment and technology meet the requirements of the relevant work safety laws, regulations, standards and rules; (7) providing employees with labor protection articles which are up to the national standards or standards of the industrial sector concerned; and (8) establishing emergency rescue plans for accidents, appointing entities or personnel specializing in emergency rescue, and providing necessary emergency rescue materials and equipment.

A work safety license is valid for three years. If a work safety license needs to be extended upon its expiration, an entity shall go through the extension procedures three months prior to such expiration with the administrative department from which the license is issued.

Regulation on Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals

The Regulation on Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals was promulgated by the State Council on January 26, 2002, and took effect on March 15, 2002.was amended in 2011. This regulation sets forth general requirements for the production and operation of certain chemicals that are considered dangerous and listed in the Dangerous Chemicals Catalogue. The Regulation on Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals was further supplemented and elaborated by subsequent regulations and rules. The State Administration of Work Safety of the PRC, or the SAWS, and other relevant state government authorities determine and from time to time adjust the chemicals included in the Dangerous Chemicals Catalogue. Under the PRC laws, the production, operation, storage, transportation of chemicals in the Dangerous Chemicals Catalogue and the industrial use of such chemicals require specific regulatory approval, licenses and permits. In addition, in order to strengthen the supervision and regulation of the safe operation and production of chemicals in the Dangerous Chemicals Catalogue, on October 8, 2002,July 1, 2012, the Commerce and Trade Committee of the PRCSAWS issued the Administration Rules for the Registration of Dangerous Chemicals, according to which the enterprises should within six months of the publication of the Dangerous Chemicals Catalogue, complete registration for the production and storageimport of dangerous chemicals. Onchemicals listed in the same date,Dangerous Chemicals Catalogue. In addition, the Commerce and Trade Committee of the PRC alsoSAWS issued the Administration Rules for the Operation License of Dangerous Chemicals on July 17, 2012, according to which, an Operation License is required for the operation and sale of dangerous chemicals. Both administrative rules took effect on November 15, 2002. Pursuant to these regulations, the producers of chemicals in the Dangerous Chemicals Catalogue will need to meet certain production safety requirements and pass a safety inspection conducted by the relevant government authorities. In addition, such producers will need to obtain the relevant work safety license prior to production.

Regulation on Labor Protection

The Labor Contract Law of the PRC was promulgated on June 29, 2007 and became effective on January 1, 2008. This law governs the establishment of employment relationships between employers and employees, and the conclusion, performance, termination of, and the amendment to employment contracts. To establish an employment relationship, a written employment contract must be signed. In the event that no written employment contract was signed at the time of establishment of an employment relationship, a written employment contract must be signed within one month after the date on which the employer starts engaging the employee.

PRC Patent Law

The PRC first allowed patents for the protection of proprietary rights, as set forth in the PRC Patent Law, in 1985.

Patent Prosecution

The patent prosecution system in China is different from the system in the United States in a number of significant ways. China, like most countries other than the United States, follows the “first to file” principle. In other words, when more than one person files a patent application for the same invention, the patent will be granted to the person who first filed the application. The United States, in contrast, uses a principle of first to invent to determine the granting of patents. In addition, the PRC requires absolute novelty in order for an invention to be patentable. Pursuant to this requirement, generally, with limited exceptions, any prior written or oral publication in or outside the PRC, demonstration or use in the PRC before the patent application filing prevents an invention from being patented in the PRC. Conversely, subject to certain statutory requirements, inventors in the United States can generally file a patent application within one year after publication of the invention if the inventor can demonstrate that the invention was made prior to the publication. Patents issued in the PRC are not enforceable in Hong Kong, Taiwan or Macau, each of which has an independent patent system. The fact that a patent application is pending is no guarantee that a patent will be granted and, even if granted, the scope of a patent may not be as broad as that of the initial application.

Patent Enforcement

When a patent infringement dispute arises, the patent holder or an interested party who believes the patent is being infringed may either file a civil lawsuit or file a complaint with the relevant authorities in charge of the patent administration. A PRC court may grant the patent holder’s or the interested party’s request for a preliminary injunction before or during the legal proceeding. Damages for infringement are calculated as either (1) the loss suffered by the patent holder or the interested party due to the infringement or (2) the benefit gained by the infringer from the infringement. If it is difficult to ascertain damages in this manner, damages may be determined by using a reasonable multiple of the license fee under a contractual license. Typically, a patent holder in the PRC has the burden of proving that the patent is being infringed. However, if the holder of a production process patent alleges infringement of such patent, the alleged infringing party which produces the same kind of products has the burden of proving that there has been no infringement.

Compulsory Licensing

Under the PRC Patent Law, where any entity is qualified to utilize a patented technology, but fails to obtain the license from the patent holder on reasonable terms and in a reasonable period of time, the entity is entitled to apply to the State Intellectual Property Office for a compulsory license. A compulsory license can also be granted where a national emergency or any extraordinary state of affairs occurs, where the public interest so requires, or where a registered invention is substantially superior to a prior invention in connection with technology that has a notable economic significance and the application of the later invention relies on the application of the prior invention.

International Patent Treaties

The PRC is also a signatory to major intellectual property conventions, including the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, Madrid Agreement on the International Registration of Marks and Madrid Protocol, Patent Cooperation Treaty, Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, or TRIPs.

Although patent rights are national rights, there is a large amount of international co-operation under the Patent Cooperation Treaty, or the PCT, to which China is a signatory. Under the PCT, applicants in one country can seek patent protection for an invention simultaneously in a number of other member countries by initially filing a single international patent application pursuant to the PCT and then later filing individual country or region specific applications on the international patent application.

Foreign Exchange Regulation

Pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and amended on January 14, 1997 and August 5, 2008, and various regulations issued by the SAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, RMB is freely convertible only with respect to current account items, such as trade-related receipts and payments, interest and dividends. Capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriations of investments, require the prior approval of the SAFE or its local branches for conversion of RMB into foreign currency, such as U.S. dollars, and remittance of the foreign currency outside the PRC.

Payments for transactions that take place within the PRC must be made in RMB. Unless otherwise approved, PRC companies must repatriate foreign exchange payments received from abroad. Foreign-invested enterprises may retain foreign exchange in accounts with designated foreign exchange banks subject to a cap set by the SAFE or its local counterpart. Unless otherwise approved, domestic enterprises must convert all of their foreign exchange receipts into RMB.

Pursuant to the SAFE’s Notice on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration on Financing and Round-Trip Investment Through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles by Domestic Residents, or the SAFE Circular No. 75, issued on October 21, 2005, (i) a PRC resident must register with the local SAFE branch before establishing or controlling an overseas special purpose vehicle, or SPV, for the purpose of obtaining overseas equity financing using the assets of or equity interests in a domestic enterprise; (ii) when a PRC resident contributes the assets of or its equity interests in a domestic enterprise into an SPV, or engages in overseas financing after contributing assets or equity interests into an SPV, such PRC resident must register his or her interest in the SPV and any subsequent change thereto with the local SAFE branch; and (iii) when the SPV undergoes a material event without round-trip investment being made, such as a change in share capital, merger and acquisition, share transfer or exchange, spin-off or long-term equity and debt investment, the PRC resident must, within 30 days from the occurrence of such event, register such change with the local SAFE branch.

We understand that none of our shareholders is a PRC citizen. Our PRC counsel advises that none of our shareholders is subject to the requirement of the SAFE registration under Circular 75. However, due to the vagueness and uncertainty as to how the SAFE regulations are interpreted and implemented and the possible amendments or changes of the SAFE regulations, we cannot provide any assurance that our current shareholders who may spend a certain amount of their time in the PRC each year will not be required to make or obtain any applicable registrations pursuant to the SAFE regulations.

Dividend Distribution Regulation

The principal laws and regulations governing dividends paid by our PRC operating subsidiaries include the Company Law of the PRC (1993), amended and effective as of January 1, 2006, Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise Law (1986), as amended in 2000, Implementation Rules of Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise Law (1990), as amended in 2001, Chinese-Foreign Joint Venture Law (1979), as amended in 2001, and Implementation Regulation of Chinese-Foreign Joint Venture Law (1983), as amended in 2001. Under these laws and regulations, each of our PRC subsidiaries, including WFOEs, joint venture enterprise and domestic companies in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC subsidiaries, including WFOEs, joint venture enterprise and domestic companies, is required to set aside at least 10.0% of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves or statutory capital reserve fund until the accumulative amount of such reserve reaches 50.0% of its respective registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, each of our WFOEs and joint venture enterprises in China is also required to allocate a portion of its after-tax profits, as determined by its board of directors, to its staff welfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed as cash dividends.

Tax

The key taxes applicable to us in the PRC are enterprise income tax, value-added tax and consumption tax.

A. Pursuant to the Enterprises Income Tax Law of the PRC and its implementation regulations implemented on January 1, 2008, a resident enterprise is subject to enterprise income tax for the income derived from activities both inside and outside the territory of the PRC. If an organization or establishment is set up by a non-resident enterprise in the PRC, it is subject to enterprise income tax for the income derived from such organization or establishment in the PRC and the income derived from outside the PRC but only on those activities with actual connections to the organization or establishment in the PRC. For a non-resident enterprise which has not set up an organization or establishment in the PRC, or has set up an organization or establishment but the income derived has no actual connection with such organization or establishment, its income derived in the PRC will be subject to enterprise income tax.

The enterprise income tax shall be levied at the rate of 25%. A non-resident enterprise without a permanent establishment in the PRC or such non-resident enterprise which has set up a permanent establishment in PRC but its earning income is not connected with the abovementioned permanent establishment will be subject to tax on their PRC-sourced income. The income shall be taxed at the reduced rate of 10%.

Pursuant to the Arrangement between the Mainland and the Hong Kong SAR for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income (referred to as the Tax Arrangement), where a Hong Kong enterprise directly holds at least 25% of shareholding of a PRC enterprise, the withholding tax rate in respect to the payment of dividends by such PRC enterprise to such Hong Kong enterprise is 5%. Otherwise, the withholding tax rate is 10% for the relevant dividends.

Pursuant to the Notice of the State Administration of Taxation on the Issues concerning the Application of the Dividend Clauses of Tax Agreements, or the Notice No. 81, residents of counter-parties to any tax treaties who own up to a certain proportion (25% or 10% in general) of the capital of a Chinese resident company paying dividends are subject to taxation on such dividends at the tax rates as arranged. Any residents of the counterparties qualifying to enjoy such tax benefits should: (1) be an enterprise subject to taxation on dividends in accordance to such tax arrangement; (2) directly own the required percentage in all equity interests and voting rights in such Chinese residents company; (3) within anytime in the 12 consecutive months prior to receiving such dividends, directly own such percentage in the Chinese resident company.

According to The Administrative Measures for Non-resident Enterprises to Enjoy Treatments under Tax Treaties (Trial) (referred to as the Administrative Measures) which came into force on October 1, 2009, in order for a non-resident enterprise (as defined under the PRC tax laws) that receives dividends from PRC resident enterprises, to enjoy the favorable tax benefits under the tax arrangements, it shall submit an application for approval to the competent tax authority. Without being approved, the non-resident enterprise may not enjoy the favorable tax treatments provided in the tax treaties. Accordingly, if the provisions of Notice 81 are satisfied and approvals under the Administrative Measures are obtained, the payments of dividends by the PRC subsidiaries to the Hong Kong subsidiaries shall be subject to a PRC withholding tax at the rate of 5% as stipulated in the Tax Arrangement. However, if the application to enjoy the favorable withholding tax under the Tax Arrangement is not approved, we may not enjoy the favorable withholding tax under the Tax Arrangement. In addition, according to Notice 81, if the primary purpose of our transactions or arrangements, in relation to the reorganization of the PRC subsidiaries, is deemed by the relevant authorities is to enjoy a favorable tax treatment, such favorable withholding tax enjoyed by us may be adjusted by the relevant authorities in the future.

B. Pursuant to the Provisional Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Value-Added Tax as amended on November 10, 2008 by the State Council and implemented on January 1, 2009, unless stated otherwise, for value-added tax payers who are selling or importing goods, and providing processing, repairs and replacement services in the PRC, the tax rate shall be 17%. The value-added tax rate for taxpayers selling and importing feed shall be 13%.

C. Pursuant to the Provisional Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Consumption Tax and the corresponding implementation regulations as amended on November 5, 2008 by the State Council and implemented on January 1, 2009, the producers of alcohol are subject to a consumption tax at a rate of 5%.

Provisions Regarding Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, promulgated the New M&A Rules to more effectively regulate foreign investment in PRC domestic enterprises. The New M&A Rules took effect on September 8, 2006.2006 and was amended on June 22, 2009. The New M&A Rules also contains a provision requiring SPVs formed for overseas listing purposes and controlled by PRC individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange.

The application of this New M&A Rules is currently unclear. However, our PRC counsel has advised us that based on their understanding of the current PRC laws, rules and regulations and the New M&A Rules, the New M&A Rules does not require that we obtain prior CSRC approval for the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NYSE, because the acquisitions among China High, WGC and Shandong Borun are governed by the PRC laws, regulations, rules and circulars related to foreign investment enterprises instead of the New M&A Rules.

Our PRC counsel has further advised us that their opinions summarized above are subject to the timing and content of any new laws, rules and regulations or clear implementations and interpretations from the CSRC in any form relating to the New M&A Rules. See Item 3.D, “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Related To Operating In China —The application of PRC Regulations relating to the overseas listing of PRC domestic companies is uncertain, and we may be subject to penalties for failing to request approval of the PRC authorities prior to listing our ADSs in the United States.”

Tort Liability Law

The Tort Liability Law of the People’s Republic of China, which was passed during the 12^th Session of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People’s Congress on December 26, 2009, states that manufacturers are liable for damages caused by defects in their products and sellers are liable for damages attributable to their fault. If the defects are caused by the fault of third parties such as the transporter or storekeeper, manufacturers and sellers are entitled to claim for compensation from these third parties after paying the compensation amount.

C.    Organizational Structure

See Item 4.A, “History and Development of the Company” for more information.

D.    Property, Plant and Equipment

See Item 4.B, “Business Overview” for more information.

None.ITEM 4A.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.      OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with Item 3.A. “Key Information — Selected Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. The discussion in this section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. See “Forward - Looking Statements.” Our actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under Item 3.D, “Key Information — Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report.

A.    Operating Results

Overview

We are a leading producer and distributor of corn-based edible alcohol in the People’s Republic of China based on tons of edible alcohol produced. Our edible alcohol products are primarily sold as an ingredient to producers ofbaijiu who further blend our products into finished products sold under various brand names throughout China. “Baijiu” is a grain-based alcoholic beverage, generally made from corn, wheat or barley, clear in color, with alcohol content ranging from 18% to 68%.Baijiu is sold throughout China in retail stores, bars, banquet halls, restaurants and other locations where alcoholic beverages are typically consumed.Baijiu is consumed in almost all the occasions in China where alcoholic beverage is desirable, from daily residential consumption, gatherings of family and friends, business and social occasions, to the Chinese Spring Festival celebrations. In China, consumption ofbaijiu is generally associated with a higher standard of living, and consumption ofbaijiu has grown with the expansion of the PRC economy.

We believe our in-house developed manufacturing process results in a cost-effective, consistent and superior product widely sought bybaijiu producers. Producers ofbaijiu often have distinctive taste and flavor profiles that are achieved through proprietary recipes and blending techniques. The consistency and quality of the edible alcohol we supply to them is critical to achieving these taste and flavor profiles.

During the production of edible alcohol, we also produce DDGS feed, corn germ, liquid carbon dioxide, and crude corn oil as by-products which are sold separately from our edible alcohol.

In China, edible alcohol can be classified into Grades A, B and C. We currently own and operate two facilities: one in Shouguang, Shandong Province and the other in Daqing, Heilongjiang Province. Our Shouguang facility has an annual production capacity of 160,000 tons of corn-based edible alcohol including 90,000 tons of Grade B edible alcohol and 70,000 tons of Grade C edible alcohol. Our Daqing facility currently has an annual production capacity of 220,000 tons of corn-based edible alcohol including 50,000 tons of Grade A edible alcohol, 140,000 tons of Grade B edible alcohol and 30,000 tons of Grade C edible alcohol. We believe we are the largest privately-ownedprivately-sector corn-based edible alcohol producer operating in Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province. Our Daqing facility is licensed to build up to 330,000 tons of production capacity of edible alcohol. Based on our knowledge of our industry, we believe we will be the largest producer of corn-based edible alcohol in China, in terms of current known production capacity following complete development of the Daqing facility.

Principal Factors Affecting our Financial Performance

We believe the following factors will continue to affect our financial performance:

ExpansionUtilization of Production Capacity

OurCurrently, we have a total production capacity of 380,000 tons of edible alcohol has increased by 46.2%per annum. Sales to 380,000 tons from 260,000 tons since the commencementdistilleries of commercial production baijiu contributed to most of our Phase III Daqing facilityrevenue generated from edible alcohol of 88.4%, 70.5% and 62.4% in January 2011.2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. In addition to that, a portion of our customers are in the chemical industry and use edible alcohol for chemical products such as acetic acid and glycol. In 2010, 2011 and 2012, revenue generated from the sales of edible alcohol to the chemical industry contributed 8.4%, 28.6% and 36.4% of our edible alcohol sales revenue, respectively. While the PRC edible alcohol market is characterized by total production capacity exceeding market demand, we have operated our facilities at full capacity sincefrom 2007 to 2011. However, due to the challenging macro-economic conditions in the PRC and tothe weakening demand for edible alcohol, we did not fully utilize our capacity and reached approximately 86.2% of the total capacity in 2012. To date, we have not experienced any difficulty in selling 100% of our production even as we expanded production capacity. When increasing production capacity,in the recent economic downturn, although we have obtained orders from existing and new customers to take updecreased our increased production. We have fully utilized our new capacity at Phase III Daqing facilityproduction in 2011.

2012.

We believe we have been able to sell 100% of our production capacityoperate efficiently in recent years due to our large production volume and high quality of our product making us a key supplier for leadingbaijiu producers, who are willing to maintain long-term relationships with us in order to secure supply of our product. Our focus on the high and medium-endbaijiu market has had a direct impact on the demand for our product, in particular during the recent economic downturn, as demand forbaijiu in the PRC did not experience a significant decline. As a result, demand for our product remained steady, where edible alcohol suppliers primarily servicing the pharmaceutical and chemical industries experienced sharp drops in demand. Going forward, we believe the projected growth in the high- and medium-endbaijiu market will continue to result in uptake of 100% of our annual production.

Fluctuation of Demand for and Price of Edible Alcohol

Our revenues are primarily derived from sales of edible alcohol. Industry demand for edible alcohol is increasing rapidly and as a result, we have operated at full capacity since 2007. We believebaijiuis meeting with strong demand as a result of continuous growth in China’s per capita disposable income and, accompanied with a gradual recovery of the chemical industry from the global financial crisis, the demand for edible alcohol in China is expected to grow in 2012 and in the near future,

The overall supply of edible alcohol outpaced the demand for edible alcohol, and there is excess production capacity in China currently. To control the over-expansionoverexpansion of capacity in the edible alcohol industry, the PRC government has implemented a series of restrictive policies to control the industry’s capacity expansion since 2006. This was done primarily through the prohibition on accepting applications for the construction of new edible alcohol facilities and closing existing edible alcohol facilities with production capacity of less than 30,000 tons per annum. According to our knowledge of our industry, the PRC market is one in which large edible alcohol producers are able to maintain a high capacity utilization rate due to their large exposure to and close relationship withbaijiuproducers.

TheOur revenues are primarily derived from sales of edible alcohol and most of our sales of edible alcohol are to thebaijiu producers. During the past few years,baijiu industry experienced a rapid growth and industry demand for edible alcohol increased rapidly and as a result, we were able to operate at full capacity from 2007 to 2011. However, in the fourth quarter of 2012, the industry faced headwind from a ban on serving high-endbaijiu at official banquets and consumers’ concerns caused by media reports that claims to have found traces of plasticizers in bottledbaijiu, which caused a sales decline forbaijiu and softened the demand for edible alcohol. As a result, the demand for edible alcohol frombaijiu will be under some pressure in the short run, however, being the most popular and traditional alcoholic beverage in China, consumption ofbaijiu is already associated with most of the people’s daily life. Moreover, people between the ages of 35 to 44 years old currently account for the largest portion of the population in China, who are the largest consumer ofbaijiu. Thus, we believe that the factors noted above that have softened the demand forbaijiu are temporary and the demand frombaijiu will recover gradually.

Due to the weaker market demand, the annualized average price of edible alcohol also will continue to be under some pressure in the short run, however, we believe that edible alcohol is an industry with a government imposed total maximum supply and with the gradual recovery ofbaijiu industry, continues to demand for more edible alcohol, thus the average price of edible alcohol will recover eventually in the long run. We anticipate the future fluctuationrecovery in demand for and price of edible alcohol will have a significant impactimprovement on our financial performance. In the short run, however, given the fluctuation in the price of edible alcohol in the last year and the continued pricing pressure on edible alcohol, our customers have not renewed the pre-sale agreements that we had in place in 2012 for 2013.

Fluctuations in the Price of Corn

The primary component of our cost of goods sold is corn. As such, any significant fluctuations in corn prices may have a significant impact on our financial performance. We normally price our products according to the price of corn, coal and other raw materials and intend to pass on any increase in our costs to our customers. Historically, we have been able to pass most of the upward fluctuation of corn prices on to our customers. Our purchasing manager is assigned to closely monitor the fluctuation of corn prices. Whenever the price of corn increases more than 1% compared to the previous day’s price, our head of sales and procurement is notified immediately and initiates a discussion with our CEO, our CFO and our general managers. Once management agrees to adjust the sales price of edible alcohol, the sales department is notified for immediate execution.

Moreover, theThe PRC government coordinates the price of corn by annually setting the price for government-owned granaries to buy and sell corn. The market price of corn will normally fluctuate in a narrow band around the government price in response to market conditions. While any significant fluctuations in corn price due to severe weather conditions, massive crop failure or any other unforeseen circumstance may result in corn price increases too large to be passed on to our customers, we in general expect in the future we will continue to be able to upwardly adjust the price of our edible alcohol in response to increases in corn price. However, any inability to do so would directly impact our gross profit margins.

Historically, the price of corn is lower during harvest season and higher in non-harvest season. To stabilize and lower our cost of corn, we started to enter into framework agreements with local granaries in Heilongjiang Province from 2009. Such supply contracts provide us access to corn at prices which we believe have historically been belowlower than the spot market price in the off season and times of high price volatility due to crop failures and other factors. These arrangements allow usthe granaries to purchase corn for us at a lower price during the harvest season and to transport the corn to our facility to meet our production needs during the non-harvest season. WeAfter weenter into the framework agreements and communicate our total intended purchases for the year, we pay the granaries the deposits based on 10% of ourtotal estimated purchase amountscost as security deposits to these granaries, which in some cases then obtain loans from the ADB to purchase corn according to our requests.agreed by both parties. We will then request that the granaries deliver their cornmake purchase requests during the non-harvest season to satisfy our corn consumption needs in our Shouguang and Daqing facilities. We pay the corn price by reference to the prices paid by the granaries a storage fee andwhen they purchased the corn during the harvest season, plus additional costs that reflect the interest forcosts incurred by the loans they obtained from the ADB.granaries, shipping and handling fees. We believe our sourcing arrangements with the Heilongjiang granaries historically have lowered our overall price of corn; however, we cannot be certain that corn prices will not drop significantly in the non-harvest season, which could result in our corn supply arrangements effectively increasing our corn costs.

Expansion of Our Product Mix and Sales Network

We have our own sales team to market our products, and we do not sell our products through any distributors currently. Our sales teams in Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province market our products directly to our customers. Most of our existing customers of products produced at our Shouguang facility are located in Shandong province, and most of our existing customers for products produced at our Daqing facility are located in Heilongjiang Province. Moreover, before 2009, we only sold Grade C edible alcohol which has an alcohol concentration of 95.0% and byproducts, including DDGS feed and corn germ.

As a part of our development strategy, we built Phase II of our Shouguang Facility and Phase II and Phase III of our Daqing Facility to produce Grade A and Grade B edible alcohol, which has an alcohol concentration of 99.5% and 95.5%, respectively, and began selling Grade A and Grade B edible alcohol in August 2011 and August 2009, respectively. The majority of our production capacity is used to produce Grade B edible alcohol. In connection with our business growth plan, we also intend to expand into key strategic markets for Grade B edible alcohol. We have already commenced sales operations in Sichuan, Jilin, Liaoning, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces and intend to enlarge our strategic position in Sichuan Province. We anticipate our results of operations will be positively affected as we improve our product mix and our sales network. As part of the expansion plan, our 100,000 ton liquid carbon dioxide production line in the Shouguang facility was completed and started to generate revenue in July 2010. In August 2011, we improved the liquid carbon dioxide production line in the Shouguang facility, which increased its annual production capacity to 140,000 tons. In addition, we began deep-processing corn germ into crude corn oil in our Daqing facility from March 2011 and began producing crude corn oil in our Shouguang facility in September 2011, which further improved our product mix.

In addition to shifting our product mix based on our currently edible alcohol production facilities, we intend to invest in new sectors of foam insulation and CPE projects to further improve and diversify our product mix. The plant will have an annual capacity of 80,000 cubic meters of foam insulation products and 25,000 tons of CPE products. We expect to complete the construction and begin trial production runs in the second half of 2013.

Component of Revenues and Expenses

Revenues

We derive revenues from sales of edible alcohol, which comprises the majority of our sales, and its by-products, including DDGS feed, corn germ, liquid carbon dioxide and crude corn oil.

Our revenues are significantly influenced by our pricing power and sales volumes of our products. We price our products based on several factors, including manufacturing costs, market conditions and, to a lesser extent, size of purchase orders.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold consists of raw material costs, utility costs, direct labor costs, material consumption in overhead, depreciation and other overhead. Our cost of goods sold is affected primarily by the cost of corn and coal, which made up 86.3%86.1% and 7.5%6.9% of our cost of goods sold in the year ended December 31, 2011,2012, respectively. The cost of both corn and coal are volatile and can vary as a result of a wide variety of factors, including weather, market condition, government regulation and general economic conditions, all of which are outside of our control.control and will eventually combine to cause positive or negative impact on the corn price. We expect our cost of goods sold, including our raw materials costs, to increase significantly as our manufacturing capacity expands and as prices for raw materials continue to increase. Based on our production record during the year ended December 31, 2012, approximately 3.01 tons of corn produced 1.0 ton of edible alcohol. Ouraverage per unit corn price is RMB1,466 ($233.2), RMB1,790 ($284.8) and RMB1,986 ($316.0), respectively in 2010, 2011 and 2012.

Gross Profit

Our gross profit consists of revenues less cost of goods sold. Our gross profit margin is mainly affected by production efficiency, pricing conditions, volume of sales, raw material cost and also temporary market conditions. We achieved gross profit margin of 23.4%23.7%, 23.7%19.0% and 19.0%13.4% for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, respectively. The primary driver for our gross profit levels is our ability to maintain the pricing differential between our purchase price for corn and our sales price for edible alcohol. In 2011,2012, mainly due to the inflation in China and the uptrend of Consumer Price Index, the cost of corn, our principal input cost, rose sharply during the year, outpacing edible alcohol prices and put pressure on our gross margins. As we continueIn addition to see strongthat, due to the weaker demand forof edible alcohol together within the fourth quarter of 2012, we did not fully utilize our capacity, which also caused negative impact on our gross margin. However, during 2012, we improved our production efficiency to approximately use 3.01 tons of corn to produce 1.0 ton of edible alcohol, which contributes to our gross margin. With the help of our continued gains in production efficiencies, together with corn sourcing arrangement and capacity, we believe that we will be well positioned to continue to prosper in a cost-rising environment.

Generally, while we expect to maintaincontrol costs which will protect our gross profit margins inuntil the next few years, we also expectrecovery of the following to negatively impact our gross profit margin:

We expect to offset any negative impact on our gross profit margin to a certain extent by:

edible alcohol market.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses primarily consist of selling expenses and general and administrative expenses.

Selling Expenses

Our selling expenses consist primarily of sales employee salaries, travelling and other business development expenses and other miscellaneous items. We expect that our selling expenses will increase as we enlarge our strategic position in Sichuan Province.entered into a new sector of foam insulation and CPE projects

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salary and benefits for our management and administrative personnel, office expenses, traveling and entertainment expenses, insurance premiums, amortization and depreciation on computers and other office equipment, consulting and auditing fees and other administrative costs and expenses.

Our general and administrative expenses has increased after our listing on the New York Stock Exchange, in connection with our obligation to comply with the reporting requirements under the Exchange Act as well as other requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. See Item 3.D, “Key Information — Risk Factors —We incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, which adversely impact our results of operations.”

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of interest expense associated with short-term borrowings from banks which mature at various dates within the year.

Income Taxes

Hong Kong

In accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of Hong Kong, a company, irrespective of its place of incorporation, place, is subject to Hong Kong profits tax if it carries on a trade, profession or business in Hong Kong and accrues profits from such trade, profession or business which on all profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong. No profits tax is levied on profits arising abroad,offshore, even if they are remitted from offshore to or through Hong Kong. Therefore, our subsidiary, China High, was not subject to profits tax for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 as it has no business in Hong Kong and all theits profits were not Hong Kong sourced, being derived from its direct and indirect subsidiaries in the PRC. The profits tax rate on corporations for the yearyears 2010, 2011 and 2012 was a flat rate of 16.5%in Hong Kong.

China

In accordance with the relevant tax laws and regulations of the PRC, a company registered in the PRC is subject to enterprise income tax (“EIT”) at the applicable tax rate on its taxable income. The EIT was assessed at a rate of 25% of taxable income of Shandong Borun, Daqing Borun and WGC for the year of 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011.2012. There was no income tax incentive to our PRC entities from the local government in the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011.2012.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates and Assumptions

Principles of Consolidation and Presentation

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“("U.S. GAAP”GAAP"). TheOur consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the New Borun, Golden Direction, China High, WGC, ShandongShangdong Borun and Daqing Borun. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Segment Reporting

We operate and manage our business as a single segment. segment since our products have similar nature and production procedures. Our chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, receives and reviews the result of operations for all products as a whole when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance of the Company. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 280-10, we are not required to report the segment information for the products.

As we primarily generate our revenues from customers in the PRC, and all of our sales and all of our long-lived assets are located in the PRC, no geographical segments are presented.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition,“Revenue Recognition”, when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, collection is reasonably assured and delivery of products has occurred or services have been rendered. Delivery occurs upon receipt of products by the customers at the customers’customers' warehouse or designated destination, or at the time products are picked up by the customers at our warehouse.

Revenues presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income are net of sales taxes.

Cost of Goods Sold

Our cost of goods sold includeincludes product costs, shipping and handling costs, and costs related to inventory adjustments, from time to time.including write downs for excess and obsolete inventory. Product costs include raw materials, production overhead costs, amortization of production license, and depreciation of property, plant and equipment used directly or indirectly for production.

Inventories

Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market determined using the weighted average method which approximates cost and estimated net realizable value. Cost of work in progress and finished goods comprise direct material, direct production costs and an allocated portion of production overhead costs based on normal operating capacity.

Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Significant additions or improvements extending useful lives of assets are capitalized. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method (after taking into account their respective estimated residual value) over the estimated useful lives as follows.follows:

Maintenance and repairs are charged directly to expense as incurred, whereas improvements and renewals are generally capitalized in their respective property accounts. When an item is retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and applicable accumulated depreciation are removed and the resulting gain or loss is recognized and reflected in the consolidated statements of income.income (loss).

Income Taxes

We follow FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes,“Income Taxes”, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates, applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

We followadopted FASB ASC Topic 740-10-25 on January 1, 2007, which provides criteria for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions.position. We must recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. We did not recognize any additional liabilities for uncertain tax positions as a result of the implementation of FASB ASC Topic 740-10-25.

Value Added Tax

All our PRC subsidiaries are subject to value added tax (“VAT”) imposed by the PRC government on its purchase and sales of goods, its purchase of property, plant and equipments and the freight expenses being incurred. The output VAT is charged to customers who purchase goods from the our subsidiaries and debited to trade accounts receivable and credited to VAT payable – output VAT. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the trade accounts receivable included the output VAT charged to customers are RMB41,334,639 ($6,576,189) and RMB41,816,583 ($6,652,865), respectively. The input VAT is incurred when the Company purchases goods and property, plant and equipments from its vendors and the freight expenses being incurred. The input VAT incurred is debited to VAT recoverable or VAT payable – input VAT and credited to payables accounts or cash and cash equivalent. VAT payable is computed on a monthly basis and payable in the following month based on the difference between the amount of output VAT and input VAT as of month-end, The applicable VAT rate is ranged from 13% to 17% in general, depending on the types of products purchased and sold.If the amount of validated input VAT being aroused by purchasing goods and property, plant, equipments and the freight expenses incurred exceeds that of output VAT for sales of goods during the month, the debit VAT payable balance as of month-endwill be carried forward to be creditableagainst future collection of output VAT in the following months, and will be reclassified as VAT recoverable under other receivables. In addition, input VAT is off-the-price and not included in the cost of inventory.

According to Cai Shui [2012] No. 38 issued by the PRC State Administration of Taxation, since July 2012,the input VAT paid for purchase of corns can only be offset against the output VAT when the required conditions are being fulfilled and validated by the PRC Taxing Authority, otherwise, the input VAT paid will be temporarily recorded as VAT recoverable under other receivables.As of December 31, 2011 and 2012,VAT recoverable consisted of input VAT paid for purchase of corn but not yet validated by the PRC Taxing Authority of RMB nil and RMB14,068,225 ($2,238,203), respectively.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements