UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM20-F

(Mark One)

OR

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 20152017

OR

OR

Date of event requiring shell company report    

For the transition period from                to    

Commission file number

333-179250

Navios South American Logistics Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)

Republic of Marshall Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

Aguada Park Free Zone

Paraguay 2141, Of. 1603

Montevideo, Uruguay

(Address of principal executive offices)

Stuart Gelfond

Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

One New York Plaza

New York, New York 10004

Tel:(212) 859-8000

Fax:(212) 859-4000

(Name, Telephone,E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act. None

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act. None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

There is no public market for the registrant’s common stock. There were 20,000 shares of the registrant’s, par $1.00 per share, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 20152017

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or (15)(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter periods that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such reporting requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x☒    No  ¨☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.filer, or emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and large accelerated filer”“emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large Accelerated Filer  ¨☐             Accelerated Filer  ¨☐             Non-Accelerated Filer  x☒             Emerging Growth Company  ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

☐  Item 17        ¨☐    Item 18¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨☐    No  x☒

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i

In this report, “Navios Logistics,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Navios South American Logistics Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, as the context may require. We are incorporated as a Marshall Islands corporation. References to “Navios Holdings” are to Navios Maritime Holdings Inc., a Marshall Islands corporation. Navios Holdings is, along with its subsidiaries, our controlling stockholder.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements under the captions “Item 3.D Risk Factors”, “Item 4 Information on the Company” and “Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and elsewhere in this report (including our statements concerning plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions related thereto) constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 relating to our business and financial outlook. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, and our beliefs and assumptions. Such statements include, in particular, statements about the strength of world economies, fluctuations in currencies and interest rates, general market conditions, including fluctuations in vessel contract rates, changes in demand for the transportation or storage of grain and mineral commodities and petroleum products, our relationship with Navios Holdings, our ability to enter into innovative financing, changes in our operating expenses, including, drydocking and insurance costs, and costs related to changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities, political, economic and other issues specifically affecting South America and related government regulations, potential liability from pending or future litigation, general domestic and international political conditions, potential disruption of river or seaborne transportation due to accidents or political events, and other statements described in this report. In some cases, you can identify the forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “forecast,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “propose,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology.

These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our view only as of the date of this report. We are not obliged to update these statements or publicly release the result of any revisions to them to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of these factors. Further, we cannot assess the impact of each such factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to be materially different from those contained in these forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, such matters as:

You should read this report completely and with the understanding that actual future results may be materially different from expectations. All forward-looking statements made in this report are qualified by these cautionary statements. These forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this report, and we do not undertake any obligation, other than as may be required by law, to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events, changes in future operating results over time or otherwise.

PART I

Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not Applicable.

Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not Applicable.

Item 3. Key Information

A. Selected Financial Data

The selected consolidated historical financial information as of December 31, 20152017 and 20142016 and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014,2017, 2016, and 2013,2015, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements which are included elsewhere in this report. The selected consolidated historical financial information as of December 31, 2013, 20122015, 2014 and 20112013 and for the years ended December 31, 20122014 and December 31, 20112013 have been derived from our audited financial statements not included in this report. This information is qualified by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report.

The following table sets forth the selected consolidated historical financial data for our business.

Adjusted EBITDA is a “non-GAAP“non-GAAP financial measure” and should not be considered a substitute for net income, cash flow from operating activities and other operations or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with

accounting principles generally accepted in the United States or as a measure of profitability or liquidity. While Adjusted EBITDA is frequently used as a measure of operating performance, the definition of Adjusted EBITDA used here may not be comparable to that used by other companies due to differences in methods of calculation.

Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation to Net Income/(Loss) Attributable to Navios Logistics’ Stockholders

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

You should carefully consider all of the information included in this report and the risks described below when evaluating our business and prospects. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows could be materially adversely affected. In that case, you might lose all or part of your investment. In evaluating our business, you should also refer to the other information set forth in this report, including “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included herein.

Risks Relating to Our Industry and Our Business

The international transportation industry is generally cyclical and volatile, and this may lead to volatility in, and reductions of, our vessel contract rates and volatility in our results of operations.

The international transportation industry is generally both cyclical and volatile, with frequent fluctuations in contract rates. The markets in which we operate are still developing and the nature of the industry’s cycle with respect to rates is difficult to determine, including the timing and amount of fluctuations in contract rates and spot market rates. However, we expect that our industry will exhibit significant cyclicality and volatility as it matures. The contract rates earned by the tankers in our cabotage business and barges and pushboats in our barge

business will depend in part upon the state of the tankers, barges and pushboats market at the time we seek to charter them. We cannot control the forces affecting the supply and demand for these vessels or for the goods that they carry or predict the state of the respective markets on any future date.

Some of the factors that influence the demand for vessels include, but are not limited to:

Some of the factors that influence the supply of vessels include, but are not limited to:

Our drygrain port business has seasonal components linked to the grain harvests in the region. At times throughout the year, the capacity of our drygrain port, including the loading and unloading operations, as well as the space in silos is exceeded, which could materially adversely affect our operations and revenues.

A significant portion of our drygrain port business is derived from handling and storage of soybeans and other agricultural products produced in the Hidrovia, mainly during the season between April and September. This seasonal effect could, in turn, increase the inflow and outflow of barges and vessels in our dry port and cause the space in our silos to be exceeded, which in turn would affect our timely operations or our ability to satisfy the increased demand. Inability to provide services in a timely manner may have a negative impact on our clients’ satisfaction and result in loss of existing contracts or inability to obtain new contracts.

We are subject to certain operating risks, including vessel breakdowns or accidents, that could result in a loss of revenue from the affected vessels, or port operations and which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Our exposure to operating risks of vessel breakdown and accidents mainly arises in the context of our owned or bareboat chartered and operated vessels, including barges, tankers and pushboats under bareboat charter contracts.pushboats. If any of the vessels in our fleet suffers damage, it may need to be repaired at a drydocking facility. The costs of drydocking are unpredictable and can be substantial. The loss of earnings while these vessels, barges and pushboats are being repaired and repositioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs, could decrease our revenues and earnings substantially, particularly if a number of vessels, barges and pushboats are damaged or drydocked at the same time. The rest of ourFor the fleet which is or may bechartered-in under time charters and, as a result, most operating risks relating to these time chartered vessels remain with their owners. If we pay hire on achartered-in vessel or barge at a lower rate than the rate of hire it receives from asub-charterer to whom we have chartered out the vessel, a breakdown or loss of the vessel

due to an operating risk suffered by the owner will, in all likelihood, result in our loss of the positive spread between the two rates of hire. Breakdowns, accidents or drydocking costs involving our vessels and losses relating to chartered vessels that are not covered by insurance would result in a loss of revenue from the affected vessels, which may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to certain operating risks in our port terminals that could affect the performance of our contractual commitments which could result in a loss of revenue, and which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Our operations are subject to a number of risks affecting our port facilities. These risks include, but are not limited to, mechanical and electrical failure, accidents, personal injury, loss or theft of cargo, or damage, fires, explosions, business interruption, political conditions and hostilities, labor strikes, adverse weather conditions such as floods, natural disasters, accidents on waterways or in coastal routes or accidents in our loading or unloading terminals, including environmental accidents and collisions, each of which could potentially result in damages, penalties, fines, indemnities or costs payable to third parties and other claims against us. Our exposure to these operating risks in our port terminals may adversely affect our capacity to duly perform our contractual obligations under ourtake-or-pay contracts. The costs of repairing equipment, including but not limited to cranes, conveyor belts, stacker-reclaimer, shiploaders, or piers are unpredictable and can be substantial. The loss of earnings while these damages are being repaired, as well as the actual cost of these repairs, could decrease our revenues and earnings substantially, particularly if this leads to a default under our contracts, which would materially affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We depend on a few significant customers for a large part of our revenues, and the loss of one or more of these customers could materially and adversely affect our revenues.

In each of our businesses, we derive a significant part of our revenues from a small number of customers. We expect that a small number of customers will continue to generate a substantial portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. For the year ended December 31, 2017, our three largest customers, Vale International S.A. (“Vale”), YPF S.A. (“YPF”) and Axion Energy Argentina S.A. (“Axion Energy”), accounted for 20.3%, 13.7% and 12.7% of our revenues, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for approximately 61.9% of our revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2016, our three largest customers, Vale, Axion Energy and Cammesa S.A. (“Cammesa”), accounted for 28.0%, 13.8% and 11.5% of our revenues, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for approximately 67.4% of our revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our two largest customers, Vale and Cammessa,Cammesa, accounted for 27.8% and 12.9% of our revenues, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for approximately 61.7%. For the year ended December 31, 2014, our three largest customers, Vale, Cammessa and Axion Energy, accounted for 22.8%, 13.8% and 10.7% of our revenues, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for approximately 60.3%. For the year ended December 31, 2013, our two largest customers, Vale and Petropar, accounted for 18.5% and 10.7% of our revenues, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for approximately 56.4%.revenues. In addition, some of our customers, including many of our most significant customers, operate their own vessels and/or barges.barges as well as port terminals. These customers may decide to cease or reduce the use of our services for various reasons, including employment of their own vessels.vessels or port terminals as applicable. The loss of any of our significant customers, including our largetake-or-pay customers or the change of the contractual terms of any one of our most significanttake-or-pay contracts or any significant dispute with one of these customers could materially adversely affect our financial condition and our results of operations.

If one or more of our customers does not perform under one or more contracts with us and we are not able to find a replacement contract, or if a customer exercises certain rights to terminate the contract, we could suffer a loss of revenues that could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could lose a customer or the benefits of a contract if, among other things:

OnWe could also become involved in legal disputes with customers, including but not limited to our long-termtake-or pay customers, relating to our contracts, be it through litigation, arbitration or otherwise, which could lead to delays in, or suspension or termination of ourtake-or-pay contracts or others and result in time-consuming, disruptive and expensive litigation or arbitration. If such contracts are suspended for an extended period of time, or if a number of our material contracts are terminated or renegotiated, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Even if we prevail in legal disputes relating to our customer contracts, which could entitle us to compensation, we cannot assure you that we would receive such compensation on a timely basis or in an amount that would fully compensate us for our losses. For example, on March 30, 2016, the Companywe received a messagewritten notice from Vale International S.A. (“Vale International”) stating that Vale International will not be performing the service contract entered into between Corporacion Navios S.A. and Vale International on September 27, 2013, forrelating to the iron ore port facility currently under construction in Nueva Palmira, Uruguay. WhileThe Company initiated arbitration proceedings in London on June 10, 2016 pursuant to the Company believesdispute resolution provisions of the service contract. On December 20, 2016, a London arbitration tribunal ruled that the Vale International’s position is without merit and that theport contract remains in full force no assurances can be provided thatand effect. If Vale International will finally performwere to further repudiate or renounce the contract, failing which,we may elect to terminate the Company will take legal measures to enforce its entitlementcontract and then would be entitled to damages in accordance withcalculated by reference to guaranteed volumes and agreed tariffs for the contract terms. IfVale International fails to performremaining period of the contract, there may be a significant impact on the Company’s business.contract.

We are subject to certain credit risks with respect to our counterparties on contracts, and the failure of such counterparties to meet their obligations could cause us to suffer losses on such contracts and thereby decrease revenues and income.

Wecharter-out our fleet, provide handling services for commodities and rent the space of our tanks, stockpiles and silos to other parties, who pay us hire on a daily rate or rate per ton or per cubic meter stored or moved. We also enter into spot market voyage contracts, for which we are paid a rate per ton to carry a specified cargo on a specified route. If the counterparties fail to meet their obligations, we could suffer losses on such contracts which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, after a counterparty defaults on a contract, we would have to enter into new contracts at possibly lower rates. It is also possible that we would be unable to secure a contract at all. If we enter into new contracts at lower rates or are unable to replace the contracts, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

When our contracts expire, we may not be able to successfully replace them.

The process for concluding contracts for our services, including port logistics services, vessel contracts and longer-term time charters generally involves a lengthy and intensive screening and vetting process and the submission of competitive bids. In addition to the quality and suitability of our ports and fleet, medium- and longer-term contracts tend to be awarded based upon a variety of other factors relating to the operator, including but not limited to:

As a result of these factors, when our contracts, including our long-term charters, expire, we cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully replace them promptly or at all or at rates sufficient to allow us to operate our business profitably or to meet our obligations, including payment of debt service to our noteholders or lenders. Our ability to renew the contracts on our current or future vessels by the time of their expiration or termination, and the rates payable under any replacement contracts, will depend upon, among other things, economic conditions in the sectors in which our vessels operate at that time, changes in the supply and demand for vessel capacity and changes in the supply and demand for the transportation and storage of commodities as described above.

However, if we are successful in employing our vessels under longer-term contracts, our vessels will not be available for trading in the spot market during an upturn in the market cycle, when spot trading may be more profitable. If we cannot successfully employ our vessels with profitable contracts, our results of operations and operating cash flow could be materially adversely affected.

Our business can be affected by adverse weather conditions, effects of climate change and other factors beyond our control, that can affect production of the goods we transport and store as well as the navigability of the river system on which we operate.

A significant portion of our business is derived from the transportation, handling and storage of iron ore, soybeans and other agricultural products produced in the Hidrovia region. Any drought or other adverse weather conditions, such as floods, could result in a decline in production of these products, which would likely result in a reduction in demand for our services. This would, in turn, negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, our fleet operates in the Parana and Paraguay Rivers, and any changes adversely affecting navigability of either of these rivers, such as changes in the depth of the water or the width of the navigable channel, could, in the short-term, reduce or limit our ability to effectively transport cargo on the rivers. For example, we were adversely affected by the decline in soybean production associated with the drought experienced mainly in the first quarter of 2011, throughout the main soybean growing areas of the Hidrovia. Low water levels, which began during the fourth quarter of 2011 and extended into 2012, also affected the volume carried. The possible effects of climate change, such as floods, droughts or increased storm activity, could similarly affect the demand for our services or our operations.

A prolonged drought, the possible effects of climate change, or other turn of events that is perceived by the market to have an impact on the region, the navigability of the Parana or Paraguay Rivers or our business in

general may, in the short-term, result in a reduction in the market value of our ports, barges and pushboats that operate in the region. These barges and pushboats are designed to operate in wide and relatively calm rivers, of which there are only a few in the world. If it becomes difficult or impossible to operate profitably our barges and pushboats in the Hidrovia and we are forced to sell them to a third party located outside of the region, there is a limited market in which we would be able to sell these vessels, and accordingly we may be forced to sell them at a substantial loss.

We may be unable to obtain financing for our growth or to fund our future capital expenditures, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our capital expenditures during 2013, 20142015, 2016 and 20152017 were $61.5$27.0 million, $101.9$91.2 million and $27.0$46.5 million, respectively, used to acquire and/or pay installments for among things,others one productbunker vessel, one newbuilding estuary tanker a bunker vessel, six pushboats, 14272 newbuilding barges and to expand our port terminal operations through the construction of one drying and conditioning facility, a new conveyor belt, new tanks, a silo and an iron ore port terminal facility. In order to follow our current strategy for growth, we will need to fund future asset or business acquisitions, increase working capital levels and increase capital expenditures.

In the future, we will also need to make capital expenditures required to maintain our current ports, fleet and infrastructure. Cash generated from our earnings may not be sufficient to fund all of these measures. Accordingly, we may need to raise capital through borrowings or the sale of debt or equity securities. Our ability to obtain bank financing or to access the capital markets for future offerings may be limited by our financial condition at the time of any such financing or offering, as well as by adverse market conditions resulting from, among other things, general economic conditions and contingencies and uncertainties that are beyond our control. If we fail to obtain the funds necessary for capital expenditures required to maintain our ports, fleet and infrastructure, we may be forced to take vessels out of service or curtail operations, which could materially harm our revenues and profitability. If we fail to obtain the funds that might be necessary to acquire new vessels, expand our existing infrastructure, or increase our working capital or capital expenditures, we might not be able to grow our business and our earnings could suffer. For example, we have signed an agreement with Vale International for the storing and transshipping of iron ore and other commodities. To serve this contract, we are expanding our existing terminal infrastructure at an investment cost estimated at approximately $150.0 million which we plan to finance with a combination of cash on our balance sheet, operating cash flows, and exploit debt financing. As of December 31, 2015, we have already invested in dredging, acquisition of rights to land adjacent to our existing dry port and other works and expect to continue investing over the next year or more. If we fail to obtain the funds necessary for such capital expenditure, we may not be able to service our agreement with Vale International, materially affecting our future earnings. Furthermore, despite covenants under the indenture governing the 7.25% Senior Notes due 2022 (the “2022 Senior Notes”) and the Term Loan B Facility (See “Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Long-term Debt Obligations—2022 Senior Notes”Obligations”) and the agreements governing our other indebtedness, we will be permitted to incur additional indebtedness which would limit cash available for working capital and to service our indebtedness.

If we fail to meet construction benchmarks with respect to the expansion of our Nueva Palmira port terminal or secure the funds necessary for such capital expenditure, we may not be able to service our agreement with Vale International, materially affecting our future earnings.

We have signed an agreement with Vale International for the storing and transshipping of iron ore and other commodities. To serve this contract, we are expanding our existing terminal infrastructure at an investment cost estimated at approximately $150.0 million which we are financing with a combination of cash on our balance sheet, operating cash flows, debt and export financing. The agreement sets forth certain benchmarks during the construction phase of the expansion. If such construction benchmarks are not met our contract may be terminated, materially affecting our business, financial condition, results of operations and future earnings. As of December 31, 2015, we have already invested in dredging, acquisition of rights to land adjacent to our existing dry port and other works, and are continuing to invest in equipment design and manufacture and civil design and

construction and other works and expect to continue investing over the next year or more. If we fail to obtain the funds necessary for such capital expenditure, we may not be able to service our agreement with Vale International, materially affecting our business, financial condition, results of operations and future earnings.

The completion of the expansion of the port terminal could be delayed or otherwise not completed because of:

If the completion of the expansion of the port terminal is materially delayed, it could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and future earnings.

For any newbuilding vessels we purchase, delays, cancellations ornon-completion of deliveries of such newbuilding vessels could harm our operating results.

For any newbuilding vessels we purchase including the tanker vessel currently under construction, the shipbuilder could fail to deliver the newbuilding vessel as agreed or we could cancel the purchase contract if the shipbuilder fails to meet its obligations. In addition, under charters or contracts we may enter into that are related to a newbuilding, if our delivery of the newbuilding to our customer is delayed, the customer may terminate the contract and, in addition to the resulting loss of revenues, we may be responsible for additional, substantial liquidated damages. We do not derive any revenue from a vessel until after its delivery and are required to pay substantial sums as progress payments during construction of a newbuilding. While we have refund guarantees from financial institutions with respect to such progress payments in the event the vessel is not delivered by the shipyard or is otherwise not accepted by us, there is the potential that we may not be able to collect all portions of such refund guarantees, in which case we would lose the amounts we have advanced to the shipyards for such progress payments.

The completion and delivery of newbuildings could be delayed, cancelled or otherwise not completed because of:

If delivery of a vessel is materially delayed, it could materially adversely affect our future earnings.

The failure of Petrobras to successfully implement its business plan for 2015-2019 could adversely affect our business.

Spare parts or other key equipment needed for the operation of our ports and fleet may not be available off the shelf and we may face substantial delays, which could result in a loss of revenues while waiting for those spare parts to be produced and delivered to us.

Our ports and our fleet may need spare parts to be provided in order to replace old or damaged parts in the normal course of their operations. Given the increased activity in the maritime industry and the industry that supplies it, the manufacturers of key equipment for our vessels and our ports (such as engine makers, propulsion systems makers, control system makers and others) may not have the spare parts needed available immediately (or off the shelf) and may have to produce them when required. If this was the case, our vessels and our ports may be unable to operate while waiting for such spare parts to be produced, delivered, installed and tested, resulting in a substantial loss of revenues for us.

We own and operate anup-river port terminal in San Antonio, Paraguay that we believe is well-positioned to become a hub for industrial development based upon the depth of the river in the area and the convergence between land and river transportation. If the port does not become a hub for industrial development, our future prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

We own and operate anup-river port terminal with tank storage for refined petroleum products, oil and gas in San Antonio, Paraguay. We believe that the port’s location south of the city of Asuncion, the depth of the river in the area and the convergence between land and river transportation make this port well-positioned to become a hub for industrial development. However, if the location is not deemed to be advantageous, or the use of the river or its convergence with the land is not fully utilized for transportation, then the port would not become a hub for industrial development, and our future prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

The risks and costs associated with ports as well as vessels increase as the operational port equipment and vessels age.

The costs to operate and maintain a port or a vessel increase with the age of the port equipment or the vessel. Governmental regulations, safety or other equipment standards related to the age of the operational port equipment or vessels may require expenditures for alterations or the addition of new equipment to our port equipment or vessels and may restrict the type of activities in which these ports or vessels may engage. The failure to make capital expenditures to alter or add new equipment to our barges, pushboats or vessels may restrict the type of activities in which these barges, and pushboats and vessels may engage and may decrease their operational efficiency and increase our costs. Given the

increased activity in the maritime industry and the industry that supplies it, the manufacturers of key equipment for our vessels and ports (such as engine makers, propulsion systems makers, control systems makers and others) may not have the spare parts needed available immediately (oroff-the-shelf) and may have to produce them when required. If this was the case, our vessels and ports may be unable to operate while waiting for such spare parts to be produced, delivered, installed and tested, resulting in substantial loss of revenues for us. The average age of our seven double-hulled product tankers is seven years. In some cases,As charterers prefer newer vessels that are more fuel efficient than older vessels.vessels, the age of some of our vessels, barges and pushboats may make them less attractive to charterers. Cargo insurance rates also increase with the age of a vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers as well.

We cannot assure you that, as our operational port equipment and vessels barges and pushboats age, market conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our ports and vesselsthem profitably during the remainder of their useful lives. If we sell such assets, we may have to sell them at a loss, or opt to scrap our assets, and if clients no longer use our ports orcharter-out our vessels due to their age, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We are subject to various laws, regulations and conventions, relating to environmental, health and safety that could require significant expenditures both to maintain compliance with such laws and to pay for any uninsured environmental liabilities resulting from a spill or other environmental disaster.

Our business is materially affected by government regulation to protect the environment, health and safety in the form of international conventions, national, state and local laws, customs inspections and related procedures, and regulations in force in the jurisdictions in which our ports are located and our fleet operates, as well as in the country or countries of their registration. Because such conventions, laws and regulations are often revised, we cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with such conventions, laws and regulations, or the impact thereof on the fair market price or useful life of our vessels, or on the operation of our ports. Changes in governmental regulations, safety or other equipment standards, as well as compliance with standards imposed by inland self-regulatory organizations and customer requirements or competition, may require us to make capital and other expenditures. In order to satisfy any such requirements, we may be required to take one or more of our vessels out of service for extended periods of time, with corresponding losses of revenues. In the future, market conditions may not justify these expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels, particularly older vessels, profitably during the remainder of their economic lives.lives, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. This could lead to significant asset write-downs. For example, the recentphase-out of single-hulled vessels require us to either replace, modify or shift the utilization of some of our single-hulled vessels, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.vessels.

Additional conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could limit our ability to do business, require capital expenditures or otherwise increase our cost of doing business, which may materially and adversely affect our operations, as well as the shipping industry generally. In various jurisdictions, legislation has been enacted or is under consideration that would impose more stringent requirements on air pollution and other ship emissions, including emissions of greenhouse gases and ballast water discharged from vessels. We are required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our operations. Violations of such requirements can result in substantial penalties, and in certain instances, seizure or detention of our vessels.

We believe that the heightened level of environmental and quality concerns among insurance underwriters, regulators and customers is leading to greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout the industry. Increasing environmental and safety concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to higher environmental and safety standards. We are required to maintain operating standards for all of our vessels for operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of our officers and crews, and compliance with international, national and local laws and regulations. We believe that our vessels and operations are in substantial compliance with applicable environmental and safety laws, regulations and standards. However, because such laws and regulations are frequently changing and may impose increasingly stricter requirements or be enforced more strictly, future requirements may limit our ability to do business, increase our operating costs, force the early retirement of our vessels, and/or affect their resale value, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

There is also a risk that anynon-compliance that may be found to exist could lead to penalties or fines, that these could be imposed regardless of fault or intent, and that they could materially adversely affect our financial position.

In addition, various international and domestic laws have been adopted that impose liability to pay damages or compensation for environmental loss or other damage resulting from ship operations, notably through pollution by oil or other hazardous or noxious substances. Relevant international laws include the International Convention for Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (the “CLC”) (which imposes liability for pollution damage caused by the escape or discharge of persistent oil from a tanker), and the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage 2001 (which applies to oil pollution damage from the bunkers of vessels other than tankers falling within CLC). Domestic legislation also exists that imposes similar liabilities in respect of pollution damage, notably in respect of incidents falling outside these international regimes. We could also become subject to personal injury or property or natural resources damage claims relating to exposure to, or

releases of, regulated materials associated with our current or historic operations. In addition, we are subject to insurance or other financial assurance requirements relating to oil spills and other pollution incidents and are in material compliance with these requirements.

We maintain, for each of our owned vessels, insurance coverage against pollution liability risks in the amount of $1.0 billion per event. The insured risks include penalties and fines as well as civil liabilities and expenses resulting from accidental pollution. However, this insurance coverage is subject to exclusions, deductibles and other terms and conditions. If any liabilities or expenses fall within an exclusion from coverage, or if damages from a catastrophic incident exceed the $1.0 billion limitation of coverage per incident, our cash flow, profitability and financial position could be materially and adversely impacted.

For a more detailed discussion regarding the details of these international and domestic laws, please see “Item 4.B. Business Overview.”

As we expand our business, we may have difficulty managing our growth, including the need to improve our operations and financial systems, staff and crew or to receive required approvals to implement our expansion projects. If we cannot improve these systems, recruit suitable employees or obtain required approvals, we may not be able to effectively control our operations.

We intend to grow our port terminal, barge and cabotage businesses, either through land acquisition and expansion of our port facilities, through purchases of additional vessels, throughchartered-in vessels or acquisitions of other logistics and related or complementary businesses. The expansion and acquisition of new land or addition of vessels to our fleet will impose significant additional responsibilities on our management and staff, and may require us to increase the number of our personnel. We will also have to increase our customer base to provide continued activity for the new businesses.

In addition, approval of governmental, regulatory and other authorities may be needed to implement any acquisitions or expansions. For example, we have available land within the Nueva Palmira Free Zone in Uruguay as well as near the Free Zone where we plan to expand our port facility and construct a port terminal for minerals and liquid cargo. In order to complete these projects, however, we need to receive required authorization from several authorities. If these authorities deny our request for authorization, or if existing authorizations are revoked, we will not be able to proceed with these projects.

Growing any business by acquisition presents numerous risks. Acquisitions expose us to the risk of successor liability relating to actions involving an acquired company, its management or contingent liabilities incurred before the acquisition. The due diligence we conduct in connection with an acquisition, and any contractual guarantees or indemnities that we receive from the sellers of acquired companies or assets, may not be sufficient to protect us from, or compensate us for, actual liabilities. Any material liability associated with an acquisition could adversely affect our reputation and results of operations and reduce the benefits of the acquisition. Other risks presented include difficulty in obtaining additional qualified personnel, managing

relationships with customers and suppliers and integrating newly acquired assets or operations into existing infrastructures.

Management is unable to predict whether or when any prospective acquisition will occur, or the likelihood of a certain transaction being completed on favorable terms and conditions. Our ability to expand our business through acquisitions depends on many factors, including our ability to identify acquisitions or access capital markets at an acceptable cost and negotiate favorable transaction terms. We cannot give any assurance that we will be successful in executing our growth plans or that we will not incur significant expenses and losses in connection therewith or that our acquisitions will perform as expected, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, because the volume of cargo we ship is at or near the capacity of our existing barges during the typical peak harvest season, our ability to increase volumes shipped is limited by our ability to acquire orcharter-in additional barges.

With respect to our existing infrastructure, our initial operating and financial systems may not be adequate as we implement our plan to expand, and our attempts to improve these systems may be ineffective. If we are unable to operate our financial and operations systems effectively or to recruit suitable employees as we expand our operations, we may be unable to effectively control and manage the substantially larger operation. Although it is impossible to predict what errors might occur as the result of inadequate controls, it is generally harder to manage a larger operation than a smaller one and, accordingly, more likely that errors will occur as operations grow. Additional management infrastructure and systems will be required in connection with such growth to attempt to avoid such errors.

Rising crew costs, fuel prices and other cost increases may adversely affect our profits.

At December 31, 2015,2017, we employed 350395 land-based employees and 713597 seafarers as crew on our vessels. Crew costs are a significant expense for us. Recently, the limited supply of and increased demand for well-qualified crew, due to the increase in the size of the global shipping fleet, has created upward pressure on crewing costs, which we generally bear under our time and spot contracts. Additionally, labor union activity in the Hidrovia may create pressure for us to pay higher crew salaries and wages. In addition, fuel is one of the largest operating expenses in our barge and cabotage businesses, wherewhen the revenue is contracted mainly by ton per cargo shipped. The prices for and availability of fuel may be subject to rapid change or curtailment, respectively, due to, among other things, new laws or regulations, interruptions in production by suppliers, imposition of restrictions on energy supply by government, worldwide price levels and market conditions. Currently, most of our long-term contracts provide for the adjustment of freight rates based on changes in the fuel prices and crew costs. We may be unable to include similar provisions in these contracts when they are renewed or in future contracts with new customers. To the extent our contracts do not pass-through changes in fuel prices to our clients, we will be forced to bear the cost of fuel price increases. We may hedge in the futures market all or part of our exposure to fuel price variations. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in hedging our exposure. In the event of a default by our contractual counterparties or other circumstance affecting their performance under a contract, we may be subject to exposure under, and may incur losses in connection with, our hedging instruments, if any. In certain jurisdictions, the price of fuel is affected by high local taxes and may become more expensive than prevailing international prices. We may not be able to pass onto our customers the additional cost of such taxes and may suffer losses as a consequence of such inability. Such increases in crew and fuel costs may materially adversely affect our results of operations.

Disruptions in world financial markets and the resulting governmental action in Europe, the United States and in other parts of the world could have a material adverse impact on our ability to obtain financing required to acquire vessels or new businesses. Furthermore, such a disruption would materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Global financial markets and economic conditions have been severely disrupted and volatile in recent years and remain subject to significant vulnerabilities, such as the deterioration of fiscal balances and the rapid accumulation of public debt, continued deleveraging in the banking sector and a limited supply of credit. Recent

conflictsContinuing turmoil and hostilities in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Ukraine, other current conflicts, the refugee crisis in Europe and Middle East and continuing concerns relating to the European sovereign debt crisis have led to increased volatility in global credit and equity markets. Several European countries including Greece, have been affected by increasing public debt burdens and weakening economic growth prospects. In recent years, Standard and Poor’s Rating Services and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) downgraded the long-term ratings of most European countries’ sovereign debt and initiated negative outlooks. Such downgrades could negatively affect those countries’ ability to access the public debt markets at reasonable rates or at all, materially affecting the financial conditions of banks in those countries, including those with which we maintain cash deposits and equivalents, or on which we rely on to finance our vessel and new business acquisitions. Cash deposits and cash equivalents in excess of amounts covered by government-provided insurance are exposed to loss in the event ofnon-performance by financial institutions. We maintain cash deposits and equivalents in excess of government-provided insurance limits at banks in certain European countries, which may expose us to a loss of cash deposits or cash equivalents.

The credit markets worldwide and in the U.S.United States have experienced significant contraction,de-leveraging and reduced liquidity, and the U.S. federal government, state governments and foreign governments took highly significant measures in response to such events, including the enactment of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 in the United States, and may implement other significant responses in the future. Securities and futures markets and the credit markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and other requirements. The Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), other regulators, self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies, and may effect changes in law or interpretations of existing laws. Any changes to securities, tax, environmental, or other laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, and could cause the value of our common stocksecurities to decline.

Since 2008,Recently, a number of financial institutions have experienced serious financial difficulties and, in some cases, have entered bankruptcy proceedings or are in regulatory enforcement actions. These difficulties resulted, in part, from declining markets for assets held by such institutions, particularly the reduction in the value of their mortgage and asset-backed securities portfolios. These difficulties were compounded by financial turmoil affecting the world’s debt, credit and capital markets, and the general decline in the willingness by banks and other financial institutions to extend credit, particularly to the shipping industry due to the historically low vessel earnings and values, and, in part, due to changes in overall banking regulations (for example, Basel III). As a result, the ability of banks and credit institutions to finance new projects, including the acquisition of new vessels in the future, were for a time uncertain. Following the stress tests run by the European Central Bank (the “ECB”), revised capital ratios have been communicated to European banks. This has reduced the uncertainty following the difficulties of the past several years, but it has also led to changes in each bank’s lending policies and ability to provide financing or refinancing. A recurrence of global economic weakness may adversely affect the financial institutions that provide our credit facilities and may impair their ability to continue to perform under their financing obligations to us, which could have an impact on our ability to fund current and future obligations.

Furthermore, we may experience difficulties obtaining financing commitments, including commitments to refinance our existing debt as payments come due under our credit facilities, in the future if lenders are unwilling to extend financing to us or unable to meet their funding obligations due to their own liquidity, capital or solvency issues. Due to the fact that we would possibly cover all or a portion of the cost of any new acquisition with debt financing, such uncertainty, combined with restrictions imposed by our current debt, could hamper our ability to finance vessels or other assets and new business acquisitions. In addition, the economic uncertainty worldwide has made demand for shipping services volatile and has reduced charter rates, which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Currently, the economies of the United States, the European Union (the “EU”), China, Japan, other Asian Pacific countries and India are the main driving force behind the development in seaborne transportation. Reduced demand from such economies has in the past driven decreased rates and vessel values.

We could face risks attendant to changes in economic environments, changes in interest rates, and instability in certain securities markets, among other factors. Major market disruptions and the uncertainty in market

conditions and the regulatory climate in the U.S., Europe and worldwide could adversely affect our business or impair our ability to borrow amounts under any future financial arrangements. The current market conditions may last longer than we anticipate. These recent and developing economic and governmental factors could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Our industry is highly competitive, and we may not be able to compete successfully for services with new companies with greater resources.

We provide services through our ports and employ our fleet in highly competitive markets. The river and sea coastal logistics market is international in scope and we compete with many different companies, including other port or vessel owners and major oil companies.

With respect to loading, storage and ancillary services, the market is divided between transits and exports, depending on the cargo origin. In the case of transits there are other companies operating in the river system that are able to offer services similar to ours. With respect to exports, our competitors are Montevideo Port in Montevideo and Ontur and TGU in Nueva Palmira. The main competitor of our liquid port terminal in Paraguay is Petropar, a Paraguayan state-owned entity. Other competitors include Copetrol, TLP, Petrobras and Trafigura.Trafigura Pte Ltd.

We face competition in our barge and cabotage businesses with transportation of oil and refined petroleum products from other independent ship owners and from vessel operators. The charter markets in which our vessels compete are highly competitive. Key competitors include the successor of Ultrapetrol Bahamas Ltd., Hidrovias do Brasil, Interbarge, P&O, Imperial Shipping and Fluviomar. In addition, some of our customers, including ADM, Cargill International S.A. (“Cargill”), Louis Dreyfus Holding B.V. (“Louis Dreyfus”) and Vale, have some of their own dedicated barge capacity, which they can use to transport cargo in lieu of hiring a third party. We also compete indirectly with other forms of land-based transportation such as truck and rail. These companies and other smaller entities are regular competitors of ours in our primary tanker trading areas. Competition is primarily based on prevailing market contract rates, vessel location and vessel managerknow-how, reputation and credibility.

Our competitors may be able to offer their customers lower prices, higher quality service and greater name recognition than we do. Accordingly, we may be unable to retain our current customers or to attract new customers.

If we fail to fulfill the oil majors’ vetting processes, it could materially adversely affect the employment of our tanker vessels in the spot and period markets, and consequently our results of operations.

While numerous factors are considered and evaluated prior to a commercial decision, the oil majors, through their association, OCIMF, have developed and are implementing two basic tools: (a) the Ship Inspection Report Program (“SIRE”) and (b) the Tanker Management and Self Assessment (“TMSA”) program. The former is a ship inspection based upon a thorough Vessel Inspection Questionnaire and performed by OCIMF-accredited inspectors, resulting in a report being logged on SIRE. The report is an important element of the ship evaluation undertaken by any oil major when a commercial need exists.

Based upon commercial needs, there are three levels of assessment used by the oil majors: (a) terminal use, which will clear a vessel to call at one of the oil major’s terminals, (b) voyage charter, which will clear the vessel for a single voyage and (c) term charter, which will clear the vessel for use for an extended period of time. While for terminal use and voyage charter relationships, a ship inspection and the operator’s TMSA will be sufficient for the evaluation to be undertaken, a term charter relationship also requires a thorough office audit. An operator’s request for such an audit is by no means a guarantee one will be performed; it will take a long record of proven excellent safety and environmental protection on the operator’s part as well as high commercial interest on the part of the oil major to have an office audit performed. If we fail to clear the vetting processes of the oil majors, it could have a material adverse effect on the employment of our vessels, and, consequently, on our results of operations.

A failure to pass inspection by classification societies could result in one or more vessels being unemployable unless and until they pass inspection, resulting in a loss of revenues from such vessels for that period and a corresponding decrease in operating cash flows.

The hull and machinery of every commercial vessel with certain characteristics must be classed by a classification society that is authorized and is customarily a member of the International Association of Classification Societies Ltd. (“IACS”). The classification society must certify that a vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of such organization and complies with the applicable rules and regulations of the country whose flag such vessel flies and the international conventions of which that country is

a member. The classification society certifies that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and with international conventions such as the United Nations Safety of Life at Sea Convention (“SOLAS”). Most of our owned andchartered-in fleet is currently enrolled with Lloyd’s Register of Shipping and RINA (Italian Naval Register), ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) and Bureau Veritas..

Vessels, pushboats and barges must undergo an annual survey, an intermediate survey and a special survey. For oceangoing vessels, in lieu of a special survey, a vessel’s machinery may be on a continuous survey cycle, under which the machinery and/or its hull would be surveyed periodically over a five-year period. Certain of our vessels are on continuous survey cycles for machinery inspection. Every oceangoing vessel is also required to be drydocked every two to three years on intermediate survey and every five years on special survey, while inland navigation vesselspushboats are required to be drydocked every sevensix years on special survey for inspection of the underwater parts of such vessel and every three years for a floating intermediate survey and a halfbarges are required to be drydocked up to every eight years on special survey for inspection of the underwater parts of such vessel and every two years for a floating intermediate survey.

If any vessel fails any annual survey, intermediate survey or special survey, the vessel may be unable to trade between ports and, therefore, would be unemployable, potentially causing a material adverse effect on our revenues due to the loss of revenues from such vessel until it was able to trade again.

Our vessels could be subject to seizure through maritime arrest or government requisition.

Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, barge or pushboat, shippers of cargo, and other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against a vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lien holder may enforce its lien by arresting the vessel or, under the “sister ship” theory of liability followed in some jurisdictions, arrest the vessel that is subject to the claimant’s maritime lien or any other vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. In addition, a government could seize ownership of one of our vessels or take control of a vessel and effectively become her charterer at charter rates dictated by the government. Generally, such requisitions occur during a period of war or emergency. The maritime arrest, government requisition or any other seizure of one or more of our vessels could interrupt our operations, reducing related revenue and earnings, and may require us to pay very large sums of money to have the arrest lifted.

The smuggling of drugs or other contraband onto our vessels may lead to governmental claims against us.

Our vessels operate in South America where smugglers may attempt to hide drugs and other contraband on vessels, with or without the knowledge of crew members. Under some jurisdictions, vessels used for the conveyance of illegal drugs could subject the vessels to forfeiture to the government of such jurisdiction. To the extent our vessels are found with contraband, whether inside or attached to the hull of our vessel and whether with or without the knowledge of any of our crew, we may face governmental or other regulatory claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

We may employ our fleet on the spot market and thus expose ourselves to risk of losses based on short-term decreases in shipping rates.

We periodically employ some of our fleet on a spot basis. As of December 31, 2015, 67%2017, 58% of our cabotage fleet and 61%34% of our barge fleet on a dwt tons basis was employed under time charter or COA contracts. The

remaining percentage of our barge fleet and cabotage fleet were employed in the spot market. The spot charter market can be competitive and freight rates within this market may be volatile with the timing and amount of fluctuations in spot rates being difficult to determine. Longer-term contracts provide income atpre-determined rates over more extended periods of time. The cycles in our target markets have not yet been clearly determined but we expect them to exhibit significant volatility as the South American markets mature. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in keeping our fleet fully employed in these short-term markets, or that future spot

rates will be sufficient to enable such fleet to be operated profitably.profitably, as spot rates may decline below the operating cost of vessels. A significant decrease in spot market rates or our inability to fully employ our fleet by taking advantage of the spot market would result in a reduction of the incremental revenue received from spot chartering and could materially adversely affect our results of operations, and operating cash flow.

Because the fair market values of vessels may fluctuate significantly, we may incur losses when we sell vessels.

Vessel values have historically been highly volatile. The market value of our vessels may fluctuate significantly in the future, and we may incur losses when we sell vessels, which would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Some of the factors that affect the fair market value of vessels, all of which are beyond our control, are:

Our industry has inherent operational risks that may not be adequately covered by our insurance.

The operation of vessels in international and regional trade is inherently risky. Although we carry insurance for our fleet covering risks commonly insured against by vessel owners and operators, such as hull and machinery insurance, war risks insurance and protection and indemnity insurance, all risks may not be adequately insured against, any particular claim may not be paid and any indemnification paid due to the occurrence of a casualty covered by our policies may not be sufficient to entirely compensate us for the damages suffered. We do not currently maintain loss of hire, credit risk or defense insurance, which would cover the loss of revenue if any of our contracts were terminated prior to their expiration and our legal costs to recover related damages. We also do not maintainoff-hire insurance, which would cover the loss of revenue during extended vesseloff-hire periods, such as those that occur during an unscheduled drydocking due to damage to the vessel from accidents. Furthermore, we do not maintain strike insurance, which would protect us from loss of revenue due to labor disruptions, except at our dry and wet port terminals. Accordingly, any extended vesseloff-hire, due to an accident, labor disruption or other reason, could have a material adverse effect on our business. Any claims covered by insurance would be subject to deductibles, and since it is possible that a large number of claims may be brought, the aggregate amount of these deductibles could be material.

We may be unable to procure adequate insurance coverage for our fleet or port terminals at commercially reasonable rates in the future. For example, more stringent environmental regulations have led in the past to increased costs for, and in the future may result in the lack of availability of, insurance against risks of environmental damage or pollution. A catastrophic oil spill or marine disaster could exceed our insurance coverage, which could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. Changes in the insurance markets attributable to terrorist attacks may also make certain types of insurance more difficult for us to obtain. In addition, the insurance that may be available to us in the future may be significantly more expensive than our existing coverage.

Even if our insurance coverage is adequate to cover our losses, we may not be able to timely obtain a replacement vessel or other asset in the event of a loss. Furthermore, in the future, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates for our fleet and port terminals. Our insurance policies also contain deductibles, limitations and exclusions, which can result in significant increased overall costs to us.

Because we obtain some of our insurance through protection and indemnity associations, we may also be subject to calls, or premiums, in amounts based not only on our own claim records, but also on the claim records of all other members of the protection and indemnity associations.

We may be subject to calls, or premiums, in amounts based not only on our claim records but also on the claim records of all other members of the protection and indemnity associations through which we receive insurance coverage for tort liability, including pollution-related liability. Our payment of these calls could result in significant expenses to us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and our indebtedness.

We do not carry any strike insurance for our vessels. As a result, if we were to become subject to a labor strike, we may incur uninsured losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

We do not currently maintain any strike insurance for our vessels. As a result, if the crew of our vessels were to initiate a labor strike, we could incur uninsured liabilities and losses as a result. There can be no guarantee that we will be able to obtain additional insurance coverage in the future, and even if we are able to obtain additional coverage, we may not carry sufficient insurance coverage to satisfy potential claims. Should uninsured losses occur, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

A change in tax laws, treaties or regulations, or their interpretation, of any country in which we operate could result in a high tax rate on our earnings, which could result in a significant negative impact on our earnings and cash flows from operations.

Tax laws and regulations are highly complex and subject to interpretation. Consequently, we are subject to changing tax laws, treaties and regulations in and between countries in which we operate. Our income tax expense is based upon our interpretation of tax laws in effect in various countries at the time that the expense was incurred. A change in these tax laws, treaties or regulations, or in the interpretation thereof, or in the valuation of our deferred tax assets, could result in a materially higher tax expense or a higher effective tax rate on our,us, and such change could be significant to our financial results. If any tax authority successfully challenges our operational structure, inter-company pricing policies or the taxable presence of our key subsidiaries in certain countries; or if the terms of certain income tax treaties are interpreted in a manner that is adverse to our structure; or if we lose a material tax dispute in any country, our effective tax rate on our earnings could increase substantially and our earnings and cash flows from these operations could be materially adversely affected.

We are a majority-owned subsidiary of Navios Holdings, through which significant controlling stockholders, along with members of our management team, may exert considerable influence over our actions in ways that may not serve the interests of investors.

Navios Holdings and Peers Business Inc. are our significant stockholders. Angeliki Frangou, our Chairman, beneficially owns approximately 28.5%30.6% of the outstanding common stock of Navios Holdings. Peers Business Inc., which is owned by Claudio Pablo Lopez, our Chief Executive Officer, Horacio Enrique Lopez, our Chief Operating Officer—Officer — Shipping Division, and Carlos Augusto Lopez, our Chief Commercial Officer—Officer — Shipping Division, owns 36.2% of our outstanding common stock. Navios Holdings and Peers Business Inc., as the beneficial owners of our common stock have the power to control our actions and the outcome of matters on which our stockholders are entitled to vote. Navios Holdings, Ms. Frangou and the Lopez family may pursue interests different from your interests in determining these matters.

In addition, we and our shareholders are party to a shareholders’ agreement. Pursuant to this shareholders’ agreement, when we became subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the shares of our common stock held by Navios Holdings were to convert into shares of Class B Common Stock, with each share of Class B Common Stock entitling its holder to ten votes per share. Navios Holdings has currently waived such conversion provision. If and when the conversion occurs, it will permit Navios Holdings to control our business even if it does not hold a majority economic interest in our company. See “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions.”

We have a meaningful relationship with Navios Holdings, and we depend on Navios Holdings for certain legal, advisory, administrative and other services and benefit from its global network to obtain competitive financing. If our relationship with Navios Holdings ended or was significantly altered, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Navios Holdings has indicated that it has been evaluating a number of strategic alternatives for us, including our becoming an independent business. While there can be no certainty as to timing, Navios Holdings could decide to pursue these alternatives during 2016.2018. We are party to an administrative services agreement with Navios Holdings (the “Administrative Services Agreement”), pursuant to which Navios Holdings will provide certain services to us, including bookkeeping, audit and accounting services, legal and insurance services, administrative and clerical services, banking and financial services, advisory services, client and investor relations and integration of any acquired businesses. We will rely on Navios Holdings to perform obligations under the agreement. If we undergo a change of control, Navios Holdings may terminate this agreement upon 120 days’ notice. If this agreement is terminated or our relationship with Navios Holdings ended or was significantly altered, we may not have access to these services or be able to capitalize on Navios Holdings’ global network of relationships to source acquisitions, obtain competitive debt financing, and engage in innovative financing and could incur operational difficulties or losses. In addition, we may not benefit from the same financial flexibility our association with Navios Holdings provides us and, as a result, may not be able to access debt financing on favorable terms, or at all. If our relationship with Navios Holdings ends or is significantly altered, our business, results of operations and financial position could be materially adversely affected. See “Item 7.B Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Transactions — Administrative Services Agreement.”

Certain of our directors, officers, and principal stockholders are affiliated with entities engaged in business activities similar to those conducted by us which may compete directly with us, causing such persons to have conflicts of interest.

Some of our directors, officers and principal stockholders have affiliations with entities that have similar business activities to those conducted by us. Our controlling stockholder, Navios Holdings, is a global, vertically integrated seaborne shipping and logistics company which operates numerous businesses focused on the transport and transshipment of dry bulk commodities including iron ore, coal and grain. In addition, certain of our directors

are also directors of shipping companies and they may enter similar businesses in the future. These other

affiliations and business activities may give rise to certain conflicts of interest in the course of such individuals’ affiliation with us. Although we do not prevent our directors, officers and principal stockholders from having such affiliations, we use our best efforts to cause such individuals to comply with all applicable laws and regulations in addressing such conflicts of interest. Our officers and employee directors devote their full time and attention to our ongoing operations, and ournon-employee directors devote such time as is necessary and required to satisfy their duties as directors of a company.

Our success depends upon our management team and other employees, and if we are unable to attract and retain key management personnel and other employees, our results of operations may be negatively impacted.

Our success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of our management team and our ability to retain them. In particular, many members of our senior management team, including our Chairman, our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, our Chief Operating Officers and our Chief Commercial Officer, have extensive experience in the logistics and shipping industries. If we were to lose their services for any reason, it is not clear whether any available replacements would be able to manage our operations as effectively. The loss of any of the members of our management team could impair our ability to identify and secure vessel contracts, to maintain good customer relations and to otherwise manage our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial performance and our ability to compete. We do not maintain key man insurance on any of our officers. Further, the efficient and safe operation of our fleet and ports requires skilled and experienced crew members and employees. Difficulty in hiring and retaining such crew members and employees could adversely affect our results of operations.

We are incorporated in the Republic of the Marshall Islands, whicha country that does not have a well-developed body of corporate law.law, which may negatively affect the ability of public stockholders to protect their interests.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and bylaws and by the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act or the BCA. The provisions of the BCA are intended to resemble the provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States. However, there have been few judicial cases in the Republic of the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. The rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the law of the Republic of the Marshall Islands are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in certain U.S. jurisdictions. Stockholder rights may differ as well. The BCA does specifically incorporate thenon-statutory law, or judicial case law, of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions. Accordingly, investors may have more difficulty protecting their interests in the face of actions by management, directors or controlling stockholders than they would in the case of a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware or other U.S. jurisdictions.

We, and certain of our officers and directors may be difficult to serve with process as we and our subsidiaries are incorporated in various jurisdictions outside the United States and certain of our officers and directors may reside outside of the United States.

We are a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. Our guarantors are organized under the laws of Argentina, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Panama, Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay. Certain of our directors and officers are residents of Greece or othernon-U.S. jurisdictions. Substantial portions of the assets of these persons are located in Argentina, Greece, Panama, Paraguay, Uruguay or othernon-U.S. jurisdictions. Thus, it may not be possible for investors to affect service of process upon us, our guarantors, or ournon-U.S. directors or officers, or to enforce any judgment obtained against these persons in U.S. courts. Also, it may not be possible to enforce U.S. securities laws or judgments obtained in U.S. courts against these persons in anon-U.S. jurisdiction.

We are a holding company, and depend entirely on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial and other obligations.

We are a holding company, and as such we have no significant assets other than the equity interests of our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. As a result, our ability to service our indebtedness and satisfy our obligations depends on the performance of our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. The ability of our subsidiaries to make distributions to us may be restricted by, among other things, restrictions under our credit facilities and applicable laws of the jurisdictions of their incorporation or organization. For example, our subsidiaries’ future credit agreements may contain significant restrictions on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other transfers of funds to us. Further, some countries in which our subsidiaries are incorporated require our subsidiaries to receive central bank approval before transferring funds out of that country. If we are unable to obtain funds from our subsidiaries, we will not be able to service our debt and satisfy our obligations unless we obtain funds from other sources, which may not be possible.

We are a “foreign private issuer” which exempts us from certain SEC requirements.

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of rules promulgated under the Exchange Act. As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States public companies including:

Accordingly, investors in the 2022 Senior Notes will not be able to obtain information of the type described above except as otherwise required by our indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes.

Our international activities increase the compliance risks associated with economic and trade sanctions imposed by the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions.

Our international operations and activities could expose us to risks associated with trade and economic sanctions, prohibitions or other restrictions imposed by the United States or other governments or organizations, including the United Nations, the European Union and its member countries. Under economic and trade sanctions laws, governments may seek to impose modifications to, prohibitions/restrictions on business practices and activities, and modifications to compliance programs, which may increase compliance costs, and, in the event of a violation, may subject us to fines and other penalties.

Iran

During the last few years until January 2016, the scope of sanctions imposed against Iran, the government of Iran and persons engaging in certain activities or doing certain business with and relating to Iran was expanded by a number of jurisdictions, including the United States, the European Union and Canada. In 2010, the United States enacted the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions Accountability and Divestment Act (“CISADA”), which expanded the scope of the former Iran Sanctions Act. The scope of U.S. sanctions against Iran were expanded subsequent to CISADA by, among other U.S. laws, the National Defense Authorization Act of 2012 (the “2012 NDAA”), the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 (“ITRA”), Executive Order 13662, and the Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act of 2012 (“IFCA”). The foregoing laws, among other things, expanded the application of prohibitions tonon-U.S. companies, such as our company, and introduced limits on the ability ofnon-U.S. companies and othernon-U.S. persons to do business or trade with Iran when such activities relate to specific trade and investment activities involving Iran / activities such as investment in Iran, the supply or export of refined petroleum or refined petroleum products to Iran, the supply and delivery of goods to Iran which could

enhance Iran’s petroleum or energy sectors, and the transportation of crude oil from Iran to countries which do not enjoy Iran crude oil sanctions waivers.

U.S. economic sanctions on Iran fall into two general categories: “primary”“Primary” sanctions, which prohibit U.S. persons or U.S. companies and their foreign branches, U.S. citizens, and U.S. permanent residents, persons within the territory of the United States from engaging in all direct and indirect trade and other transactions with Iran without U.S. government authorization, and “secondary” sanctions, which are mainly nuclear-related sanctions. While most of the U.S. nuclear-related sanctions with respect to Iran and the EU sanctions on Iran (including, inter alia, CISADA, ITRA, and IFCA) were lifted on January 16, 2016 through the implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (“JCPOA”) entered into between the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) and Germany, there are still certain limitations in place with which we need to comply. The primary sanctions with which U.S. persons or transactions with a U.S. nexus must comply are still in force and have not been lifted or relaxed, except in a very limited fashion. Additionally, the sanctions lifted under the JCPOA could be reimposed (“snapped back”) at any time if Iran violates the JCPOA or the United States does not certify that Iran is in compliance with the JCPOA.

After the lifting of most of the nuclear-related sanctions on January 16, 2016, EU sanctions remain in place in relation to the export of arms and military goods listed in the EU Common Military List,common military list, missiles-related goods and items that might be used for internal repression. The main nuclear-related EU sanctions which remain in place include restrictions on:

Dealing with the above is no longer prohibited, but prior authorization must be obtained first and is granted on acase-by-case basis. The remaining restrictions apply to the sale, supply, transfer or export, directly or indirectly to any Iranian person/for use in Iran, as well as the provision of technical assistance, financing or financial assistance in relation to the restricted activity. Certain individuals and entities remain sanctioned and the prohibition against makingto make available, directly or indirectly, economic resources or assets to or for the benefit of sanctioned parties remains. “Economic resources” is widely defined and it remains prohibited to provide vessels for a fixture from which a sanctioned party (or parties related to a sanctioned party) directly or indirectly benefits. It is therefore still necessary to carry out due diligence on the parties and cargoes involved forin fixtures involving Iran.

Russia/Ukraine

As a result of the crisis in Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea by Russia earlier in 2014, both the United StatesU.S. and European UnionEU have implemented sanctions against certain persons and entities.

The EU has imposed travel bans and asset freezes on certain Russian persons and entities pursuant to which it is prohibited to make available, directly or indirectly, economic resources or assets to or for the benefit of the sanctioned parties. Certain Russian ports including Kerch Commercial Seaport; Sevastopol Commercial Seaport and Port Feodosia are subject to the above restrictions. Other entities are subject to sectoral sanctions which limit the provision of equity financing and loans to the listed entities. In addition, various restrictions on trade have been implemented which, amongst others, include a prohibition on the import into the EU of goods originating in

Crimea or Sevastopol as well as restrictions on trade in certaindual-use and military items and restrictions in relation to various items of technology associated with the oil industry for use in deep water exploration and production, Arctic oil exploration and production or shale oil projects in Russia. As such, it is important to carry out due diligence on the parties and cargoes involved in fixtures relating to Russia.

The United States has imposed sanctions against certain designated Russian entities and individuals (“U.S. Russian Sanctions Targets”). These sanctions block the property and all interests in property of the U.S. Russian Sanctions Targets. This effectively prohibits U.S. persons from engaging in any economic or commercial transactions with the U.S. Russian Sanctions Targets unless the same are authorized by the U.S. Treasury Department. Similar to EU sanctions, U.S. sanctions also entail restrictions on certain exports from the United States to Russia and the imposition of Sectoral Sanctions which restrict the provision of equity and debt financing to designated Russian entities. While the prohibitions of these sanctions are not directly applicable to us, we have compliance

measures in place to guard against transactions with U.S. Russian Sanctions Targets which may involve the United States or U.S. persons and thus implicate prohibitions. The United States also maintains prohibitions on trade with Crimea.

Venezuela-Related Sanctions

The U.S. sanctions with respect to Venezuela prohibit dealings with designated Venezuelan government officials, and curtail the provision of financing to PDVSA and other government entities. EU sanctions against Venezuela are primarily governed by EU Council Regulation 2017/2063 of 13 November 2017 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Venezuela. This includes financial sanctions and restrictions on listed persons and an arms embargo and related prohibitions and restrictions including restrictions related to internal repression.

Other U.S. Economic Sanctions Targets

In addition to Iran and certain Russian entities and individuals, as indicated above, the United States maintains economic sanctions against Syria, Sudan, Cuba, limited sanctions against North Korea, and sanctions against entities and individuals (such as entities and individuals in the foregoing targeted countries, designated terrorists, and narcotics traffickers) whose names appear on the List of SDNs and Blocked Persons maintained by the U.S. Treasury Department (collectively, “Sanctions Targets”). We are subject to the prohibitions of these sanctions to the extent that any transaction or activity we engage in involves Sanctions Targets and a U.S. person or otherwise has a nexus to the United States.

Other EU Economic Sanctions Targets

The EU also maintains sanctions against Syria, Sudan, North Korea and certain other countries and against individuals listed by the EU. These restrictions apply to our operations and as such, to the extent that these countries may be involved in any business it is important to carry out checks to ensure compliance with all relevant restrictions and to carry out due diligence checks on counterparties and cargoes.

Compliance

AlthoughConsidering the aforementioned U.S. prohibitions of as well as EU sanctions and the nature of our business, there is a sanctions risk for us due to the worldwide nature of the shipping and logistics business, which we believe that we are inseek to minimize by the implementation of our corporate Sanctions policy and our compliance with all applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations, andregulations. Although we intend to maintain such compliance, there can be no assurance that we will be in compliance in the future, particularly as the scope of certain laws may be unclear and may be subject to changing interpretations, and the law may change. Moreover, despite, for example, relevant provisions in charter partiesour contracts forbidding the use of our vesselsassets in trade that would violate economic sanctions, our chartererscounterparties may nevertheless violate applicable sanctions and embargo laws and regulations as a result of actions that do not involve us or our vessels, and those

violations could in turn negatively affect our reputation and be imputed to us. In addition, given our relationship with Navios Holdings, we cannot give any assurance that an adverse finding against Navios Holdings by a governmental or legal authority or others with respect to the matters discussed herein or any future matter related to regulatory compliance by Navios Holdings or ourselves will not have a material adverse impact on our business, reputation or the value of our common stock.securities.

We are constantly monitoring developments in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions that maintain economic sanctions against Iran, other countries, and other sanctions targets, including developments in implementation and enforcement of such sanctions programs. Expansion of sanctions programs, embargoes and other restrictions in the future (including additional designations of countries and persons subject to sanctions), or modifications in how existing sanctions are interpreted or enforced, could prevent our vessels from calling in ports in sanctioned countries or could limit their cargoes. If any of the risks described above materialize, it could have a material adverse impact on our business and the results of operations.

To reduce the risk of violating economic sanctions, we have a policy of compliance with applicable economic sanctions laws and have implemented and continue to implement and diligently follow compliance procedures to avoid economic sanctions violations.

We could be materially adversely affected by violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and anti-corruption laws in other applicable jurisdictions.

As an international logistics company, we may operate in countries known to have a reputation for corruption. The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (the “FCPA”) and other anti-corruption laws and regulations in applicable jurisdictions generally prohibit companies registered with the SEC and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for some actions taken by strategic or local partners or representatives. Legislation in other countries includes the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (the “U.K. Bribery Act”) which is broader in scope than the FCPA because it does not contain an exception for facilitatingfacilitation payments. We and our customers may be subject to these and similar anti-corruption laws in other applicable jurisdictions. Failure to comply with legal requirements could expose us to civil and/or criminal penalties, including fines, prosecution and significant reputational damage, all of which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations,

including our relationships with our customers, and our financial results. Compliance with the FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act and other applicable anti-corruption laws and related regulations and policies imposes potentially significant costs and operational burdens on us. Moreover, the compliance and monitoring mechanisms that we have been or are in the process of being implemented,place including our Code of Ethics and our anti-bribery and anti-corruption policy, may not adequately prevent or detect all possible violations under applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption legislation. However, we believe that the procedures that we are currently implementing and have in place to prevent bribery are adequate and that they should provide a defense in certainmost circumstances to a violation or a mitigation of applicable penalties.penalties, at least under the U.K.’s Bribery Act.

Risks Relating to Argentina

Argentine government actions concerning the economy, including decisions with respect to inflation, interest rates, price controls, foreign exchange controls, wages and taxes, restrictions on production, imports and exports, have had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on us. We cannot provide any assurance that future economic, social and political developments in Argentina, over which we have no control, will not impair our business, financial condition or results of operations, the guarantees or the market price of the 2022 Senior Notes.

The future economic and political environment of Argentina is uncertain.

The administration that took office in Argentina on December 10, 2015 has announced and implemented several significant economic and policy reforms, including reforms to the foreign exchange market in order to provide

greater flexibility and easier access to the foreign exchange market. Likewise, export duties on several agricultural products and export duties on most industrial and mining exports were eliminated.

We can offer no assurances as to the policies that may be implemented by the new Argentine administration, or that political developments or social unrest in Argentina will not adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The continuing rise in inflation and the Argentine government’s limited access to foreign financing may have material adverse effects on the Argentine economy.

In the past, Argentina has experienced periods of high inflation. Inflation has increased since 2005 and has remained relatively high ever since. According to data published by theInstituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, or INDEC, the year-on-year inflation rate (as measured by changes in the consumer price index, or CPI), was 9.5%, 10.8%, and 10.5% for 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.more than a decade. The reliability of INDEC’s statistics has been widely questioned due to the substantial disparity between its inflation rate and the higher rates calculated by independent economists.questioned. In February 2013, the IMF censured Argentina for its inaccurate financial statistics. In response, in 2014, INDEC adopted the IPCNu, an improved methodology for calculating the CPI , and estimated the 2014 CPI to be 23.9%.

More recently, INDEC estimated the cumulative CPI for 2015, until October, to be 11.9%. However, the newly elected Argentinian governmentcurrent administration as one of its first measures declared a state of administrative emergency, suspending momentarily the publication of all indexes until the INDEC is capable of accurately calculating such indexes. During this suspension period, the inflation rate will bewas informed through data provided by the City of Buenos Aires and the province of San Luis,Luis.

On July 15, 2016, INDEC published its inflation index again, indicating that the CPI showed, for June, July, August, September, October, November and December of 2016, variations of 3.1%, 2%, 0.2%, 1.1%, 2.4%, 1.6% and 1.2% compared to previous month, respectively. Furthermore, according to whichthe most recent publicly available information, the inflation rate was 24.8% for the year 2017.

On the other hand, INDEC published the index of poverty and indigence, which estimated that poverty reaches 28.6% of Argentines and indigence, 6.2% during the first semester of 2017.

As a result of the readjustment of INDEC indexes, the IMF Executive Board announced, on November 9, 2016, the lifting of the censorship imposed on Argentina in February 2016 was 4.0%2013 due to lack of consistency in its statistical data.

Over the last few years, the Argentine government has implemented certain programs aimed at controlling inflation and 2.7%monitoring the prices of many goods and services, including price agreements between the Argentine government and private sector companies.

The increase in wages and public spending, the adjustment of some utility tariffs and the expiration of the price agreements signed by the Argentine government could have a direct influence on inflation. In the past, inflation undermined the Argentine economy substantially, as well as the ability of the Argentine government to create conditions leading to growth. In turn, because part of the Argentine debt is adjusted by the Reference Stabilization Coefficient (“CER”), respectively, and is estimatedstrongly related to be around 3.5% in March 2016.inflation, its increase would have a negative effect on the level of public indebtedness.

A high inflation economy could undermine Argentina’s cost competitiveness abroad if not offset by a devaluation of the Argentine peso, which could also negatively affect economic activity and employment levels. While most of the client contracts of our Argentine subsidiaries are denominated in U.S. dollars, freight under those contracts is collected in Argentine pesos at the prevailing exchange rate. These contracts also include crew cost adjustment terms. Uncertainty about future inflation may contribute to slowdown or contraction in economic

growth. Argentine inflation rate volatility makes it impossible to estimate with reasonable certainty the extent to which activity levels and results of operations of our Argentine subsidiaries could be affected by inflation and exchange rate volatility in the future.

Additionally, Argentina had, until recently, virtually no access to foreign financing resulting from a default, several restructurings, and a series of payment suspensions over the past decade. Although in February 2016, the newly elected Argentinian government reached an agreement with certain bondholders to settle their claims on the country’s defaulted sovereign bonds and subsequently, in April 2016, the Argentinian government returned to the international capital markets after 15 years, offering bonds of over $15.0 billion, the country’s continued access to foreign financing remains uncertain. Due to limited access to the international capital markets, the

Argentine government had used the Argentine Central Bank’s foreign-currency reserves for the payment of Argentina’s current debt, the reduction of which may weaken Argentina’s ability to overcome economic deterioration in the future. Argentina’s foreign currency reserves have declined significantly since the end of 2012 and now stand at approximately US$ 29.3 billion. With limited access to international private financing, Argentina may not be able to finance its obligations, and financing from multilateral financial institutions may be limited or not available. This could also inhibit the ability of the Argentine Central Bank to adopt measures to curb inflation and could materially adversely affect Argentina’s economic growth and public finances.

The Argentine Central Bank has imposed restrictions on the transfer of funds outside of Argentina and other exchange controls in the past and may do so in the future, which could prevent our Argentine subsidiaries from transferring funds for the payment of the 2022 Senior Notes or the related guarantees.

In 2001 and during the first half of 2002, Argentina experienced a massive withdrawal of deposits from the Argentine financial system in a short period of time, as depositors lost confidence in the Argentine government’s ability to repay its foreign debt, its domestic debt and to maintain the convertibility regime. Thiswhich precipitated a liquidity crisis within the Argentine financial system, which prompted the Argentine government to impose exchange controls and restrictions on the ability of depositors to withdraw their deposits.

Furthermore, in 2001 and 2002 and until February 7, 2003, Despite the Argentine Central Bank restricted Argentine individuals and corporations from transferring U.S. dollars abroad without its prior approval. In 2003 and 2004, the government reducedreduction on some of these restrictions including those requiringin the Argentine Central Bank’s prior authorization for the transfer of funds abroad in order to pay principal and interest on debt obligations. Nevertheless,following years, significant government controls and restrictions remained in place and increased during 2008 and into 2009, when the Argentine government imposed new restrictions on foreign exchange outflows, including through certain transactions on securities traded locally. Additionally, the Argentine federal tax authority imposed new restrictions and limitations on the purchase of foreign currency.place.

In December 2015, the ArgentinianArgentine government implemented several reforms to the foreign exchange market regulations and provided easier access to the foreign exchange market for individuals and companies. The new regulations includeConsequently, as from December 17, 2015, the elimination of (a) the requirement to register foreign exchange transactions in the local tax authority, (b) the requirements to transfer the proceeds of new financial indebtedness transactions into Argentinaabroad of thenon-financial private sector, financial sector and settle such proceeds throughlocal governments will not be subject to the obligation to bring to and liquidate funds in the Mercado Unico de Libre Cambio (“MULC, (the” single and free floating foreign exchange market); (c). Fund liquidation at MULC will be a condition precedent for the re-establishmentfurther access to that market so as to cater to capital and interest services. If the funding enters local accounts in foreign currency in the country, the liquidation of the $2.0 million monthly limit per resident onfunds deposited will need to be evidenced.

Additionally, pursuant to recent regulations, financial indebtedness taken through the creationMULC and financial debt rollovers withnon-residents in the financial sector andnon-financial private sector will not need to meet a minimum period of offshore assets;stay, and (d) the elimination of the requirement for a registered, non-transferable and non-interest-bearing deposit required in connection with several transactions involving foreign currency inflows, among others.may be canceled at any time.

Some remaining controls and restrictions, and any additional restrictions of this kind that may be imposed in the future, could impair our ability to transfer funds generated by our Argentine operations in U.S. dollars outside Argentina to us for the payment of our indebtedness. In addition, any other restrictions or requirements that may be imposed in the future, expose us to the risk of losses arising from fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Argentine peso.

The Argentine government has made certain changes to its tax rules that affectaffected our operations in Argentina in the past, and could further increase the fiscal burden on our operations in Argentina in the future.

Since 1992, the Argentine government has not permitted the application of an inflation adjustment on the value of fixed assets for tax purposes. Since the substantial devaluation of the Argentine peso in 2002, the amounts that the Argentine tax authorities permit us to deduct as depreciation for our past investments in plant, property and equipment have been substantially reduced, resulting in a higher effective income tax charge.

However, in December 2016, a reform to the Income Tax Law was passed by the National Congress. Some of the main modifications were: (i) personal deductions were raised; (ii) a new scale of aliquots was established,

including a greater number of tranches and beginning taxing with a 5% aliquot; (iii) new deductions were established for per diem and room rent; (iv) extra amounts paid to employees in the form of overtime for services on national holidays,non-business days and weekends is exempt from income tax; and (v) the updating of the Average Taxable Compensation for Government Employees (RIPTE) was established as of fiscal year 2018, with respect to personal deduction amounts and tax tranches. In order to finance the reduction of tax resources that these reforms will entail, an indirect tax onon-line betting and an extraordinary tax on US dollar futures transactions were created; in addition, the figure of the surrogate decision-maker in Value Tax Added in relation to operations involving external subjects was established.

If the Argentine government continuesdecides to increasealter the tax burden on our operations in Argentina, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

The Argentine economy could be adversely affected by economic developments in other global markets.

Argentina’s economy is vulnerable to external shocks that could be caused by adverse developments affecting its principal trading partners. A significant decline in the economic growth of any of Argentina’s major trading partners (including Brazil, the European Union, China and the United States) could have a material adverse impact on Argentina’s balance of trade and could adversely affect Argentina’s economic growth. In particular, Brazil’s economy, which is Argentina’s largest export market and its principal source of imports, is currently experiencing heightened negative pressure due to the uncertainties stemming from ongoing political crises, including the corruption investigations and allegations and criminal convictions involving certain politicians. The Brazilian economy declined by 3.6% during 2016. In addition, the Brazilian currency lost approximately 17.7% of its value relative to the U.S. dollar in 2016. Brazilian demand for Argentine exports has generally declined over the past five years and further deterioration of economic conditions in Brazil may increasingly reduce demand for Argentine exports and create advantages for Brazilian imports. Further adverse developments in the Brazilian political and economic crisis may have further negative effects on the Argentine economy and our operations.

Argentina may also be affected by other countries that have influence over world economic cycles. If interest rates rise significantly in developed economies, including the United States, emerging market economies, including Argentina, could find it increasingly challenging and expensive to borrow capital and refinance existing debt, which could negatively affect their economic growth.

Future policies of the Argentine government may affect the economy as well as our operations.

In recentDuring past years, the Argentine government has takentook several actions tore-nationalize concessions and public services companies that were privatized in the 1990’s, such as Aguas Argentinas S.A. and Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A. On May 3, 2012, expropriation law 26,741 was passed by the Argentine Congress, providing for the expropriation of 51% of the share capital of YPF S.A., represented by an identical stake of Class D shares owned, directly or indirectly, by Repsol YPF and its controlled or controlling entities, which have been declared of public interest. The Argentine Governmentgovernment made an offer to compensate Repsol YPF for around $5.0 billion, which was accepted by the Board of Directors and shareholders of Repsol YPF and confirmed by the Argentine Congress. It is unclear whether

Although the current administration has not implemented or advocated any nationalization or expropriation measures, similar measures, such expropriationas mandatory renegotiation or modification of existing contracts, new taxation policies, will continuechanges in laws, regulations and to what extent they will affectpolicies affecting foreign trade, investment, among others, that may be adopted by the Argentine economy, and therebygovernment in the future could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and financial condition.operations.

Risks Relating to Uruguayan Free Zone Regulation

Certain of our subsidiaries in Uruguay are operating as direct free trade zone users under an agreement with the Free Zone Division of the Uruguayan General Directorate of Commerce allowing them to operate in isolated public and private areas within national borders and to enjoy tax exemptions and other benefits, such as a generic exemption on present and future national taxes including the Corporate Income Tax, Value-Added Tax and Wealth Tax. Other benefits that our subsidiaries enjoy are simplified corporate law provisions, the ability to negotiate preferential public utility rates with government agencies and government guarantees of maintenance of such benefits and tax exemptions. Free trade zone users do not need to pay import and export tariffs to introduce goods from abroad to the free trade zone, to transfer or send such goods to other free trade zones in Uruguay or send them abroad. However, our subsidiaries may lose all the tax benefits granted to them if they breach or fail to comply with the free trade zone contracts or framework, including exceeding the 25% limit onnon-Uruguayan employees or engaging in industrial, commercial or service activities outside of a free trade zone in Uruguay. In this case, our subsidiaries may continue with their operations from the free zone, but under a different tax regime.

Other Risks Relating to the Countries in which We Operate

We are an international company that is exposed to the risks of doing business in many different, and often less developed and emerging market countries.

We are an international company and conduct all of our operations outside of the United States, and we expect to continue doing so for the foreseeable future. These operations are performed in countries that are historically less developed and stable than the United States, such as Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay.

Some of the other risks we are generally exposed to through our operations in emerging markets include among others:

These risks may result in unforeseen harm to our business and financial condition. Also, some of our customers are headquartered in South America, and a general decline in the economies of South America, or the instability of certain South American countries and economies, could materially adversely affect us.

Our business in emerging markets requires us to respond to rapid changes in market conditions in these countries. Our overall success in international markets depends, in part, upon our ability to succeed in different legal, regulatory, economic, social and political conditions. We may not continue to succeed in developing and implementing policies and strategies that will be effective in each location where we do business. Furthermore, the occurrence of any of the foregoing factors may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay have entered into a treaty that commits each of them to participate in a regional initiative to integrate the region’s economies. There is no guarantee that such an initiative will be successful or that each of the governments involved in the initiative will follow through on its intentions to participate and if such regional initiative is unsuccessful, it could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

The governments of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay have entered into a treaty that commits each of them to participate in a regional initiative to integrate the region’s economies, a central component of which is water transportation in the Hidrovia. Although we believe that this regional initiative of expanding navigation on the Hidrovia river system will result in significant economic benefits, there is no guarantee that such an initiative will ultimately be successful, that each country will follow through on its intention to participate, or that the benefits of this initiative will match our expectations of continuing growth in the Hidrovia or reducing transportation costs. If the regional initiative is unsuccessful, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Changes in rules and regulations with respect to cabotage or their interpretation in the markets in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

In the markets in which we currently operate, in cabotage or regional trades, we are subject to restrictive rules and regulations on a region by region basis. Our operations currently benefit from these rules and regulations or their interpretation. For instance, preferential treatment is extended in Argentine cabotage for Argentine flagged vessels or foreign flagged vessels operated by local established operators with sufficient Argentine tonnage under one to three years’ licenses, including our Argentine cabotage vessels. Changes in cabotage rules and regulations or in their interpretation may have an adverse effect on our current or future

cabotage operations, either by becoming more restrictive (which could result in limitations to the utilization of some of our vessels in those trades) or less restrictive (which could result in increased competition in these markets).

Because we generate the majority of our revenues in U.S. dollars but incur a significant portion of our expenses in other currencies, exchange rate fluctuations could cause us to suffer exchange rate losses, thereby increasing expenses and reducing income.

We engage in regional commerce with a variety of entities. Although our operations expose us to certain levels of foreign currency risk, our revenues are predominantly U.S. dollar-denominated at the present. Additionally, our South American subsidiaries transact certain operations in Uruguayan pesos, Paraguayan guaranies, Argentinean pesos and Brazilian reals; however, all of the subsidiaries’ primary cash flows are U.S. dollar-denominated. Currencies in Argentina and Brazil have fluctuated significantly against the U.S. dollar in the past. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 2014approximately 60.3%, 61.1% and 2013 approximately 61.9%, 47.3% and 55.9%, respectively, of our expenses were incurred in currencies other than U.S. dollars. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the date of each transaction. Expenses incurred in foreign currencies against which the U.S. dollar falls in value can increase, thereby decreasing our income. A greater percentage of our transactions and expenses in the future may be denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars. As part of our overall risk management policy, we may attempt to hedge these risks in exchange rate fluctuations from time to time but cannot guarantee we will be successful in these hedging activities. Future fluctuations in the value of local currencies relative to the U.S. dollar in the countries in which we operate may occur, and if such fluctuations were to occur in one or a combination of the countries in which we operate, our results of operations or financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Risks Relating to Our Indebtedness

We have substantial debt and may incur substantial additional debt, which could adversely affect our financial health and our ability to obtain financing in the future, react to changes in our business and make payments on the 2022 Senior Notes, the Term Loan B Facility and our other obligations.

At December 31, 2015,2017, we had $396.0$542.9 million in aggregate principal amount of debt, including the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility, outstanding.

Our substantial debt could have important consequences to our business, lenders of the Term Loan B Facility and holders of the 2022 Senior Notes. Because of our substantial debt:Notes, including the following:

Our ability to service our debt will depend upon, among other things, our future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. If our operating results are not sufficient to service our current or future indebtedness, we will be forced to take actions such as reducing or delaying our business activities, acquisitions, investments or capital expenditures, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our debt, or seeking additional equity capital or bankruptcy protection. We may not be able to effect any of these remedies on satisfactory terms, or at all.

Despite our current indebtedness levels, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantially more debt, including secured debt. This could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness.

We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. The agreements governing our indebtedness do not fully prohibit us or our subsidiaries from doing so. At December 31, 2015,2017, we had $396.0$542.9 million in aggregate principal amount of debt, including the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility, outstanding. Any secured indebtedness permitted under the indenture2022 Senior Notes would be effectively senior to the notes2022 Senior Notes to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, as would all indebtedness ofnon-guarantor subsidiaries. We also may incur new indebtedness if we expand our business or purchase new vessels or for other purposes. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face would increase and we may not be able to meet all our debt obligations, including the repayment of the 2022 Senior Notes.Notes or the Term Loan B Facility. In addition, the indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes doesand the Term Loan B Facility do not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness as defined therein.

The indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility imposes significant operating and financial restrictions on us that may limit our ability to successfully operate our business and adversely affect the holders of the 2022 Senior Notes.

The indenture governing the 2022 Senior NotesNotesand the Term Loan B Facility imposes significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including those that limit our ability to engage in actions that may be in our long-term interests. These restrictions limit our ability to, among other things:

We are required to be in compliance with the covenants contained in the indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes.Notes and those of the Term Loan B Facility. In addition, our future credit agreements may require that we maintain other specific financial covenants. We may be required to take action to reduce our debt or to act in a manner contrary to our business objectives to meet these ratios and satisfy these covenants and ratios. Events beyond our control, including changes in the economic and business conditions in the markets in which we operate, may affect our ability to comply with these covenants. We cannot assure you that we will meet these ratios or satisfy these covenants or that our lender will waive any failure to do so. A breach of any of the covenants in, or our inability to maintain the required financial ratios under, our credit agreements would prevent us from borrowing additional money under the facilities and could result in a default under them.

Our future debt is likely to be secured by mortgages on our vessels, barges or ports, vessels under construction pursuant to shipbuilding contracts, guarantees by our subsidiaries and/or other related assets, such as

assignments of insurances and earnings or some combination of the foregoing. If a default occurs under future credit facilities, the lenders could elect to declare such debt, together with accrued interest and other fees and expenses, to be immediately due and payable and foreclose on the collateral, including our vessels, barges, ports or other assets securing that debt. In a case where a credit facility was used to finance the scheduled payments as they come due under shipbuilding contracts, such a default could result in default by us under the associated shipbuilding contract and possible foreclosure of our rights in the related newbuild. In addition, a payment default under a shipbuilding contract would give the shipyard the right to terminate the contract without any further obligation to finish construction and may give it rights against us for having failed to make the required payments.

Any loss of vessels or assets could significantly decrease our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations and, therefore, to service our debt. Moreover, if the lenders under a credit facility or other agreement in default were to accelerate the debt outstanding under that facility, it could result in a cross default under other debt. If all or part of our debt were to be accelerated, we may not have or be able to obtain sufficient funds to repay it upon acceleration. This could have serious consequences to our financial condition and results of

operations and could cause us to become bankrupt or insolvent. Our ability to comply with these covenants in future periods will also depend substantially on the value of our assets, our success at keeping our costs low, our ability to successfully implement our overall business strategy and our charter rates. Any future credit agreement or amendment may contain similar or more restrictive covenants.

Our ability to generate the significant amount of cash needed to service our debt obligations and our ability to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing depends on multiple factors, many of which may be beyond our control.

Our ability to make scheduled payments on, or to refinance our obligations under, our debt, will depend on our financial and operating performance, which, in turn, will be subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to the financial and business factors, many of which may be beyond our control. We cannot assure you that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations, that currently anticipated business opportunities will be realized on schedule or at all, or that future borrowings will be available to us in amounts sufficient to enable us to service our indebtedness and any amounts borrowed under future credit facilities, or to fund our other liquidity needs.

We will use cash to pay the principal and interest on our debt. These payments limit funds otherwise available for working capital, capital expenditures, vessel acquisitions and other purposes. As a result of these obligations, our current liabilities may exceed our current assets. We may need to take on additional debt as we expand our ports and fleet or make acquisitions, which could increase our ratio of debt to equity. The need to service our debt may limit funds available for other purposes and our inability to service debt in the future could lead to acceleration of our debt and foreclosure on our ports or owned vessels.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, particularly because of our anticipated high levels of indebtedness and the indebtedness incurrence restrictions imposed by the agreements governing our indebtedness, as well as prevailing market conditions. We could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our indebtedness service and other obligations.

The indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes restricts our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from any such dispositions. If we do not reinvest the proceeds of asset sales in our business (in the case of asset sales ofnon-collateral with respect to such indebtedness) or in new vessels or other related assets that are mortgaged in favor of a lender under a credit facility (in the case of assets sales of collateral securing), we may be required to use the proceeds to repurchase senior indebtedness other than the 2022 Senior Notes. Our Term Loan B Facility contains similar restrictions. We cannot assure you we will be able to consummate any asset sales, or if we do, what the timing of the sales will be or whether the proceeds that we realize will be adequate to meet indebtedness service obligations when due.

VolatilityIf the volatility in the London InterBank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, continues, it could affect our profitability, earnings and cash flow.

The London market for dollar loans between banks has recently been stable, butLIBOR has been volatile, in prior years, with the spread between published LIBOR and the prime lending rates actually charged to banks in the London interbank marketrate widening significantly at times. These conditions wereare the result of the recent disruptions in the international credit markets. InterestBecause the interest rates borne by our outstanding indebtedness fluctuate with changes in LIBOR, if this volatility were to continue, it would affect the amount of interest payable on our debt, which in turn, could have an adverse effect on our profitability, earnings and cash flow.

Furthermore, interest in most loan agreements in our industry has been based on published LIBOR rates. Debt we may incur on future credit facilities would likely bear interest at variable rates based on LIBOR. Recently, however, lenders have insisted on provisions that entitle the lenders, in their discretion, to replace published LIBOR as the base for the interest calculation with theircost-of-funds rate. If we are required to agree to such a provision inSuch provisions could significantly increase our loan agreements or there is an increase in currently low market interest rates, the cost of servicing our debt could increase significantly,lending costs, which would have a materialan adverse effect on our profitability, earnings and cash flows.flow.

The market values of our vessels, may fluctuate significantly, which could cause us to breach covenants in debt that we may incur.

Factors that influence vessel values include:

If the market values of our owned vessels decrease, we may breach covenants contained in any existing or future credit facility. If we breach such covenants and are unable to remedy any relevant breach, our lenders could accelerate our debt and foreclose on that debt. Any loss of vessels would significantly decrease our ability to generate positive cash flow from operations and, therefore, service our debt. In addition, if the book value of a vessel is impaired due to unfavorable market conditions, or a vessel is sold at a price below its book value, we would incur a loss.

The 2022 Senior Notes are unsecured and structurally subordinated to the rights of our and the guarantors’ existing and future secured creditors.

The indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes permits us to incur a significant amount of secured indebtedness, including indebtedness to be used for acquisitions of vessels and businesses. At December 31, 2015,2017, we had approximately $396.0$542.9 million of indebtedness outstanding, including $0.4$136.8 million of secured indebtedness. ThisThese secured indebtedness isare secured by one pushboat, our tanker vessels and by assignments of our vessels.certain receivables. The 2022 Senior Notes are unsecured and therefore do not have the benefit of such collateral. Accordingly, the 2022 Senior Notes will be effectively subordinated to all secured indebtedness. If an event of default occurs under any existing or future credit facility or under other future secured indebtedness, the senior secured lenders will have a prior right to our assets mortgaged in their favor, to the exclusion of the holders of the

2022 Senior Notes, even if we are in default under the 2022

Senior Notes. In that event, our assets and the assets of the subsidiary guarantors would first be used to repay in full all indebtedness and other obligations secured by them, resulting in all or a portion of our assets being unavailable to satisfy the claims of the holders of the 2022 Senior Notes and other unsecured indebtedness. Therefore, in the event of any distribution or payment of our assets in any foreclosure, dissolution,winding-up, liquidation, reorganization, or other bankruptcy proceeding, subject to any preferential treatment afforded to resident creditors of any particular jurisdiction, holders of 2022 Senior Notes will participate in our remaining assets ratably with all holders of our unsecured indebtedness that is deemed to be of the same class as such 2022 Senior Notes, and potentially with all of our other general creditors, based upon the respective amounts owed to each holder or creditor or other creditors who receive preferential treatment under applicable law. In any of the foregoing events, we cannot assure you that there will be sufficient assets to pay amounts due on the 2022 Senior Notes. As a result, holders of 2022 Senior Notes may receive less, ratably, than holders of secured indebtedness.

The 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility will be effectively subordinated to the obligations of any futurenon-guarantor subsidiaries.

We may be able to create futurenon-guarantor subsidiaries or unrestricted subsidiaries under the indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes.Notes and the Term Loan B Facility. The 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility will not be guaranteed by any future unrestricted subsidiaries. Unrestricted subsidiaries may, among other things, incur without limitation additional indebtedness and liens, make investments and acquisitions, and sell assets or stock. In addition, we will be able to sell unrestricted subsidiaries, or distribute unrestricted subsidiaries or the proceeds from a sale of any of their assets or stock to stockholders, or enter into merger, joint venture or other transactions involving them, or any combination of the foregoing, without restrictions. Payments on the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility are only required to be made by us and the subsidiary guarantors. Accordingly, claims of holders of the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility are structurally subordinated to the claims of creditors of any subsidiary that is designated in the future as an “unrestricted subsidiary” or is a securitization subsidiary, in each case in accordance with the indenture, and any future subsidiaries that are not wholly-owned by us, including trade creditors. All obligations of ournon-guarantor subsidiaries, including trade payables, will have to be satisfied before any of the assets of such subsidiary would be available for distribution, upon liquidation or otherwise, to us or a subsidiary guarantor.

We may be unable to raise funds necessary to finance the change of control repurchase offer required by the indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes.

If we experience specified changes of control, we would be required to make an offer to repurchase all of the 2022 Senior Notes (unless otherwise redeemed) at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the repurchase date. The occurrence of specified events that would constitute a change of control may constitute a default under any credit facility. The indebtedness under a credit facility would be immediately due and payable in an event of default including, due to change of control. As a result, following a change of control event, we may not be able to repurchase 2022 Senior Notes unless we first repay all indebtedness outstanding under such credit facilities and any of our other indebtedness that contains similar provisions, or obtain a waiver from the holders of such indebtedness to permit us to repurchase the 2022 Senior Notes. We may be unable to repay all of that indebtedness or obtain a waiver of that type.

Any requirement to offer to repurchase outstanding 2022 Senior Notes may therefore require us to refinance our other outstanding debt, which we may not be able to do on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In addition, our failure to purchase the 2022 Senior Notes after a change of control in accordance with the terms of the indenture would constitute an event of default under the indenture, which in turn may result in a default under any credit facility.

Our inability to repay the indebtedness under a credit facility will constitute an event of default under the indenture governing the 2022 Senior Notes, which could have materially adverse consequences to us and to the holders of the 2022 Senior Notes. In the event of a change of control, we cannot assure you that we would have

sufficient assets to satisfy all of our obligations under any such credit facility and the 2022 Senior Notes. If we

are unable to fulfill such debt obligations it could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

The international nature of our operations may make the outcome of any insolvency or bankruptcy proceedings difficult to predict.

We are incorporated under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and our subsidiaries are incorporated under the laws of Argentina, Brazil, the Marshall Islands, Panama, Paraguay and Uruguay and certain other countries other than the United States, and we conduct operations in countries around the world. Consequently, in the event of any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceedings involving us or one of our subsidiaries, bankruptcy laws other than those of the United States could apply. We have limited operations in the United States. If we become a debtor under the United States bankruptcy laws, bankruptcy courts in the United States may seek to assert jurisdiction over all of our assets, wherever located, including property situated in other countries. There can be no assurance, however, that we would become a debtor in the United States or that a United States bankruptcy court would be entitled to, or accept, jurisdiction over such bankruptcy case or that courts in other countries that have jurisdiction over us and our operations would recognize a United States bankruptcy court’s jurisdiction if any other bankruptcy court would determine it had jurisdiction.

The 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility are guaranteed by guarantors organized under the laws of different countries. The holders’ rights under the guarantees are thus subject to the laws of these jurisdictions, and there can be no assurance that the holders will be able to effectively enforce their rights in multiple bankruptcy, insolvency or similar proceedings. Moreover, such multi-jurisdictional proceedings are typically complex and costly for creditors and often result in substantial uncertainty and delay in the enforcement of rights of holders.

In addition, the bankruptcy, insolvency, administrative and other laws of the various jurisdictions of organization may be materially different from, or in conflict with, each other and those of the United States in certain areas, including creditors’ rights, priority of creditors, the ability to obtain post-petition interest and the duration of the insolvency proceeding. The application of these various laws in multiple jurisdictions could trigger disputes over which jurisdiction’s law should apply and could adversely affect the ability of the holders of the 2022 Senior Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility to enforce their rights and to collect payment in full under the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility and the guarantees.

Brazil

Brazilian legal framework for economically distressed companies or individuals generally consists of the provisions set forth by the Brazilian Bankruptcy and Reorganization Federal Law (“BBRL”—Law No. 11101, dated February 9, 2005). The BBRL contains certain provisions that resemble bankruptcy under U.S. Chapters 11 and 7. It regulates two different situations: (i) reorganization, that may take place (a) in court (judicial reorganization) or (b) out of court (extrajudicial reorganization), both aiming at surpassing debtor’s financial distress; and (ii) bankruptcy, which is intended to liquidate the company and its assets and must be always administered by a judicial court.

A bankruptcy request can be filed by the company, its shareholders or partners, or any of its creditors. BBRL lists the events upon which bankruptcy may be requested by a company’s creditors, including the following: (i) failure to provide payment of any liquid obligation when owed in a credit instrument in an amount higher than 40 minimum monthly wages; (ii) arbitrarily anticipate the liquidation of assets or making payment in a damaging or fraudulent way; (iii) simulated deal or sale of all or substantially all assets to a third party, creditor or otherwise, attempted or actually performed; (iv) transfer of establishment to third parties, creditors or otherwise, without the consent of all other creditors and without keeping sufficient assets to fulfill its obligations; and (v) failure to provide payment or assets to guarantee liquid obligations owed in a judicial enforcement proceeding. A bankruptcy order entails two important matters concerning credits: (i) acceleration of all company indebtedness, and (ii) conversion of foreign currency-denominated debts into national currency ones.

Any judgment obtained against us in Brazilian courts in respect of any payment obligations under the guarantees normally would be expressed in the Brazilian currency equivalent of the U.S. dollar amount of such sum at the exchange rate in effect (i) on the date of actual payment, (ii) on the date on which such judgment is rendered, or (iii) on the date on which collection or enforcement proceedings are started against us. Consequently, in the event of bankruptcy, all of our debt obligations that are denominated in foreign currency, including the guarantees, will be converted into Brazilian currency at the prevailing exchange rate on the date of declaration of our bankruptcy by the court. We cannot assure to holders of our 2022 Senior Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility that such rate of exchange will afford full compensation of the amount due on the 2022 Senior Notes.Notes and the Term Loan B Facility. Finally, bankruptcy proceedings in Brazil usually take from five to 12 years and generally the assets are not sufficient to pay off the creditors.

Panama

Under Panamanian bankruptcy laws, Panamanian courts would not agree to hear any bankruptcy arising from activities in another country other than Panama. If there is a bankruptcy proceeding against a Panamanian corporation operating in another country, it will be the bankruptcy courts of that country which will be competent to hear the bankruptcy proceeding.

Any judgment issued by a court of competent jurisdiction with respect to a Panamanian corporation operating outside Panama may be enforceable in Panama by registering such judgment with the Supreme Court in Panama.

Paraguay

Bankruptcy proceedings in Paraguay may be less favorable to holders of our 2022 Senior Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility than in other jurisdictions. For example, Paraguayan creditors receive preferential treatment, which means that creditors resident in Paraguay would receive payments prior to any payment being made on the guarantees. Furthermore, the obligations under the guarantees would be subordinated to certain statutory preferences such as maritime privileges, amongst which are claims for salaries, wages, taxes, port facilities and others.

Uruguay

Uruguayan courts are competentshall have jurisdiction to consider cases and declare bankruptcy when:

If the guarantors, or any of the creditors of the guarantors, file a petition for bankruptcy in Uruguay, Uruguayan bankruptcy law will apply except for the impact of the bankruptcy declaration on the contracts that are governed by a foreign law.

Upon a court declaration of bankruptcy, all the debtor’s assets, of the bankrupt party, either located within Uruguayan territory or abroad, shall be placed under the control of a receiver to be heldappointed for the benefit of all creditors. However, if the debtor has also been declared bankrupt in the country where it had its domicile or effective place of business; the Uruguayan bankruptcy will only include the remaining assets or rights located abroad once the foreign bankruptcy procedure is concluded.

In some cases, after a bankruptcy court declaration, the bankrupt party may continue to manage its assets with the cooperation of a receiver. Otherwise, the receiver will run the business and manage the bankrupt party.

In addition to the above, certain transactions occurring prior to the declaration of bankruptcy may be found by the court to be null and void, by operation of law, or may be declared null and void by the court after an examination of the merits, as follows:

In addition, upon the petition of an interested party, the court may nullify transactions entered into up to two years prior to the entry into the bankruptcy if it is concluded that they were entered into with a malicious intent (fraud) to prevent creditors from satisfying their bona fide claims and the contracting party knew or should have known that the party facing the bankruptcy was insolvent or had suspended payments on its obligations.

These types ofClaw back actions are prescribedbecome time barred two years after the declaration of bankruptcy is conducted.bankruptcy.

Argentina

Under Argentine law, in the event that a guarantor becomes subject to a reorganization proceeding or to bankruptcy, the relevant guarantee, if granted within two years before the declaration of bankruptcy, may be deemed to have been a fraudulent transfer and declared void, if the guarantor did not receive a fair consideration in exchange for the granting of such guarantee. The validity and enforceability of the guarantee granted by a guarantor that is an Argentine entity requires the guarantee to be granted in the best interest of the Argentine guarantor and that the Argentine guarantor receives fair and adequate consideration for the granting of the guarantees.

In addition, under Argentine law, a guarantee is considered accessory to the principal obligation. Therefore, in case our underlying obligations under the 2022 Senior Notes or the indenture and the Term Loan B Facility are declared null, the guarantees would, under Argentine law, be deemed to be null as well.

If proceedings were brought in the courts of Argentina seeking to enforce the Argentine guarantor’s obligations under the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility, the Argentine guarantor would not be required to discharge its obligations in the original currency of the 2022 Senior Notes.Notes and the Term Loan B Facility. Any judgment obtained against the Argentine guarantor in Argentine courts in respect of any payment obligations under the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility could be discharged solely in Argentine pesos equivalent to the U.S. dollar amount of such payment at a certain exchange rate. There can be no assurance that such rates of exchange will afford our noteholders full compensation of the amount invested in the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility plus accrued interest nor that the currency exchange regulations will permit the noteholders to convert any amount of Argentine pesos received into U.S. dollars (please refer to paragraph entitled “The foreignForeign exchange policy of Argentina may affectpolicies implemented by the Argentine government in the past have limited, and if implemented again, could continue to limit the ability of the guarantors of the 2022 Senior Notes that and the Term Loan B Facility are Argentine companies to make money remittances outside of Argentina in respect of the guarantees”).

Certain requirements must be met for the recognition and enforceability of a foreign judgment by courts outside the United States.

Argentina

Foreign judgments would be recognized and enforced by the courts in Argentina provided that the requirements of Article 517 of the Federal Civil and Commercial Procedure Code (if enforcement is sought before federal courts) are met. These requirements include (1) the judgment, which must be final in the jurisdiction where rendered, must have been issued by a court competent pursuant to Argentine principles regarding international jurisdiction and must have resulted from a personal action, or anin rem action with respect to personal property

if such property was transferred to Argentine territory during or after the prosecution

of the foreign action, (2) the defendant against whom enforcement of the judgment is sought must have been personally served with the summons and, in accordance with due process of law, must have been given an opportunity to defend against such foreign action, (3) the judgment must be valid in the jurisdiction where rendered and its authenticity must be established in accordance with the requirements of Argentine law, (4) the judgment must not violate the principles of public policy of Argentine law, and (5) the judgment must not be contrary to a prior or simultaneous judgment of an Argentine court.

We have been advised that there is doubt as to the enforceability in Argentina, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of United States courts, of civil liabilities predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the United States.

Moreover, court costs, including (without limitation) filings fees and deposits to secure judgments, and the payment of stamp taxes may be required by the competent authorities in Argentina in case a foreign judgment has effects in Argentina, upon, for instance,re-litigation, enforcement or registration of such judgment in Argentina.

Brazil

Judgments of Brazilian courts enforcing obligations under the guarantees would be payable only in Brazilian currency. If proceedings were brought in the courts of Brazil seeking to enforce the obligations under the guarantees, we would not be required to discharge our obligations in a currency other than Brazilian currency. Any judgment obtained against us in Brazilian courts in respect of any payment obligations under the guarantees would be expressed in Brazilian currency. We cannot assure you that this amount in Brazilian currency will afford you full compensation of the amount sought in any such litigation.

Certain requirements must be met for the recognition and enforceability of foreign judgments in Brazil. Subject to the following, a final and conclusive judgment for civil liabilities rendered by any court in the United States or elsewhere in respect of the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility and the guarantees would be recognized in the courts of Brazil (to the extent that Brazilian courts have jurisdiction) and such courts would enforce such judgment without any retrial or reexamination of the merits of the original action only if such judgment has been previously ratified by the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) with such ratification being subject to:

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no assurance can be given that such ratification would be obtained, that the process described above would be conducted in a timely manner or that a Brazilian court would enforce a

monetary judgment for violation of the U.S. securities laws with respect to the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility and the guarantees. In addition:

In addition, a plaintiff, whether Brazilian ornon-Brazilian, who resides outside Brazil or is outside Brazil during the course of litigation in Brazil and who does not own real property in Brazil must grant a pledge to guarantee the payment of the defendant’s legal fees and court expenses related to court procedures for the collection of payments under the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility and the guarantees.

Panama

Foreign judgments would be recognized and enforced in Panama by the Supreme Court, provided that the requirements of Article 1419 of the Judicial Code of the Republic of Panama are met. Article 1419 establishes that judgments issued by foreign courts as well as foreign arbitral awards will be effective in accordance with the respective agreements or treaties. If there are no special treaties with the country in which the judgment has been issued, the judgment can be executed in Panama, unless there is proof that the country does not recognize judgments issued by Panamanian courts. If the judgment comes from a country in which awards or judgments issued by Panamanian courts are not recognized, then the judgment will not be recognized in Panama. Without prejudice to what is established in special treaties, no foreign judgment will be executed in Panama unless it complies with the following requisites: (1) that the judgment be issued as a consequence of a personal action, provided what it is specially stipulated by the law in testamentary successions in foreign countries; (2) that the judgment has not been issued in contumacy, contempt of court or default, it being understood, that the lawsuit has not been personally served or notified to the defendant, being said personal service of process ordered by the competent court, unless the defendant in contumacy requests its execution; (3) that the obligation contained in the judgment be licit in Panama; and (4) that the copy of the judgment be authentic. Judgment means the decision granting the pretention.

Paraguay

Foreign judgments have force in Paraguay provided that: (1) the judgment was obtained in an action in personam; (2) the defendant must have been personally served with the summons and given an opportunity to defend against foreign action (3) the obligation on which the action was based is valid in accordance with Paraguay’s law; (4) the decision is final; and proper certification and legalization is complied with in accordance with Paraguay law; (5) the judgment has not been pronounced by default of condemned party; (6) the judgment does not violate Paraguayan law principles of public policy, and (7) the judgment is not contrary to a prior or simultaneous judgment by a Paraguayan court.

Uruguay

Should the courts of the United States rule to enforce the guarantees granted by the Uruguayan subsidiaries, the corresponding court’s resolutionsuch decision will be recognized and enforced in the Courts of Uruguay without review of theits merits (“Exequatur proceeding”) ifprovided the following formalitiesrequirements are met:

For the purposes of enforcement and collection in Uruguay, the resolution mustrequest for recognition (“exequatur”) shall be first filed before the Supreme Court of Justice in Uruguay, who shall be in charge of verifyingverify compliance with the aforementioned requirements. Service of notice shall be given andon the defendant who will have 20 business days to opposefile its objection to the Exequatur proceeding. Then, the government attorney is heard and a resolution is adopted, which isapplication for recognition. The Supreme Court’s decision shall be final and not subject to appeal.cannot be challenged later.

If enforcement is admitted, it is remittedgranted, the file will be sent to the competent nationallower court to carry out proceedings for enforcement and collection. Upon completion of the Exequatur proceeding as described above, it will be possible to enforce the guarantees against each of the Uruguayan subsidiaries, without the need to appoint any agent for service of process.

Obligations under the guarantees are subordinated to certain statutory preferences.

The obligations under the guarantees are subordinated to certain statutory preferences. In the event of a liquidation, bankruptcy or judicial reorganization in certain jurisdictions including Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, such statutory preferences, including post-petition claims, claims for salaries, wages, social security, taxes, court fees and expenses and claims secured by collateral, among others, will have preference over any other claims, including claims by any investor in respect of the guarantees. In such event, enforcement of the guarantees may be unsuccessful, and noteholders may be unable to collect amounts that they are due under the 2022 Senior Notes.Notes and the Term Loan B Facility .

Our being subject to certain fraudulent transfer and conveyance statutes may have adverse implications for the holders of the 2022 Senior Notes.Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility.

Fraudulent transfer and insolvency laws may void, subordinate or limit the 2022 Senior Notes and the guarantees.guarantees and the Term Loan B Facility .

Marshall Islands

We and some of the guarantors as of the issue date are organized under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. While the Republic of the Marshall Islands does not have a bankruptcy statute or general statutory mechanism for insolvency proceedings, a Marshall Islands court could apply general U.S. principles of fraudulent conveyance, discussed below, in light of the provisions of the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act, or the BCA, restricting the grant of guarantees without a corporate purpose. In such case, a Marshall Islands court could void or subordinate the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or the guarantees, including for the reasons a U.S. court could void or subordinate a guarantee as described below.

United States

Federal and state fraudulent transfer and conveyance statutes may apply to the issuance of the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility and the incurrence of the guarantees, particularly any future guarantees of any U.S. subsidiaries we might create. Under U.S. federal bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of U.S. state fraudulent transfer or

conveyance laws, if any such law would be deemed to apply, which may vary from state to state, the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or the guarantees could be voided as a fraudulent

transfer or conveyance if a court determines that (1) we or any of the guarantors, as applicable, issued the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or incurred the guarantees with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors or (2) we or any of the guarantors, as applicable, received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration in return for either issuing the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or incurring the guarantees and, in the case of (2) only, one of the following is also true at the time thereof:

If a court were to find that the issuance of the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or the incurrence of the guarantee was a fraudulent transfer or conveyance, the court could void the payment obligations under the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or such guarantee, or further subordinate the 2022 Senior Notes or such guarantee to presently existing and future indebtedness of ours or of the related guarantor, or require the holders of the 2022 Senior Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility to repay any amounts received with respect to such guarantee. In the event of a finding that a fraudulent transfer or conveyance occurred, you may not receive any repayment on the 2022 Senior Notes.Notes and the Term Loan B Facility. Further, the voidance of the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility could result in an event of default with respect to our and our subsidiaries’ other debt that could result in acceleration of such debt.

As a general matter, value is given for a transfer or an obligation if, in exchange for the transfer or obligation, property is transferred or an antecedent debt is secured or satisfied. A debtor will generally not be considered to have received value in connection with a debt offering if the debtor did not substantially benefit directly or indirectly from the transaction. In that regard, a debtor will generally not be considered to have received value if the proceeds of a debt offering were used to make a dividend payment or otherwise retire or redeem equity securities issued by the debtor. In particular, if any of the guarantees were legally challenged, such guarantee could be subject to the claim that, since the guarantee was incurred for theCo-Issuers’ benefit, and only indirectly for the benefit of the guarantor, the obligations of the applicable guarantor were incurred for less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration.

WeThe measures of insolvency for purposes of fraudulent transfer or conveyance laws vary depending upon the applicable jurisdiction’s governing law, such that we cannot be certain as to the standards a court would use to determine whether or not we or the guarantors were solvent at the relevant time or, regardless of the standard that a court uses, that the issuance of the guarantees would not be further subordinated to our or any of our guarantors’ other debt.debt or whether the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility, the guarantees or the granting of liens to secure the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or the guarantees would be avoided as a preference, fraudulent transfer, fraudulent conveyance, or otherwise. Generally, however, an entity would be considered insolvent if, at the time it incurred indebtedness:debt:

In addition, any payment by us pursuant to the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or by a guarantor made at a time when we or such guarantor is subsequently found to be insolvent could be avoided and required to

be returned to us or such guarantor or to a fund for the benefit of our or the guarantors’ creditors if such payment is made to an insider within aone-year period prior to a bankruptcy filing or within 90 days to anynon-insider party and such payment would give the holders of the 2022 Senior Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility more than such holders of the 2022 Senior Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility would have received in a liquidation under Chapter 7 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.

Argentina

A court could, under fraudulent conveyance law, declare null and void the following transactions if celebrated within two years before the declaration of bankruptcy:

Therefore, it may be possible that the guarantees may not be enforceable under Argentine law. In the event that a guarantor becomes subject to a reorganization proceeding or to bankruptcy, the relevant guarantee, if granted within two years before the declaration of bankruptcy, may be deemed to have been a fraudulent transfer and declared void, based uponif the guarantor did not having receivedreceive a fair consideration in exchange for the granting of such guarantee. The validity and enforceability of the guarantee granted by thea guarantor that is an Argentine entity requires the guarantee to be granted in the best interest of the Argentine guarantor and that the Argentine guarantor receives fair and adequate consideration for the granting of the guarantees.

In addition, under Argentine law, a guarantee is considered accessory to the principal obligation. Therefore, in case our underlying obligations under the 2022 Senior Notes or the indenture and the Term Loan B Facility are declared null, the guarantees would, under Argentine law, be deemed to be null as well.

Brazil

A court could, under fraudulent conveyance law, subordinate or void the guarantee of any subsidiary guarantor if it found that such guarantee was incurred with actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud creditors, and that the guarantor was any of the following:

If a court were to void the guarantee of a subsidiary guarantor as a fraudulent conveyance, or hold it unenforceable for any other reason, holders of the 2022 Senior Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility would cease to have a claim against that subsidiary guarantor and would be creditors solely of Navios Logistics and any subsidiary guarantor whose guarantee was not voided or held unenforceable.

Paraguay

Under Paraguay law which does not forbid providing such guarantees to related or non relatednon-related parties, the guarantee of the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility may not be enforceable as the guarantee is considered accessory to the principal obligation, which if declared null or void, would imply that the guarantee would be deemed likewise null or void. The guarantees are valid, binding and enforceable against the guarantors.

However, if a guarantor becomes subject to a creditors meeting or bankruptcy proceedings, within one year of granting the guarantee, the guarantee may be deemed to have been a fraudulent transfer and declared null.

Under Paraguayan law, fraudulent conveyance of assets is covered by Art. 305 to 316 of the Civil Code by which an affected creditor may ask the Civil and Commercial Courts to annul the fraudulent or simulated conveyance, reverting the transferred assets to the debtor, which then become attachable by local or foreign creditors. In the event of bankruptcy of a Paraguayan subsidiary, Article 8 of Law 154/69 states that the declaration of bankruptcy in a foreign country cannot be opposed to creditors domiciled in Paraguay or over assets held by a debtor in the country, nor covered by agreements that have been executed with such debtor. If

bankruptcy is declared by Paraguayan courts, creditors that are part of the bankruptcy process in a foreign country shall not be taken into consideration by the local courts; if local creditors have been fully paid, foreign creditors may be paid with the remaining assets. The bankruptcy declared in a United States court will not imply the bankruptcy of the subsidiary operating in Paraguayan jurisdiction under Paraguayan law. Under fraudulent conveyance law, a court may void the guarantee if it deems that it was incurred with the intention to hinder or defraud its creditors.

Uruguay

A court could, under fraudulent conveyance law, subordinate or void the guarantee of any subsidiary guarantor if it found that such guarantee was incurred with actual intent to hinder, delay or defraud creditors, or such subsidiary guarantor did not receive fair consideration or reasonably equivalent value for the guarantee.

In addition, under Uruguayan law, a guarantee is considered accessory to the principal obligation. Therefore, in case our underlying obligations under the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility or the indenture are declared null, the guarantees would, under Uruguayan law, be deemed to be null as well. If a court were to void the guarantee of a subsidiary guarantor as a fraudulent conveyance, or hold it unenforceable for any other reason, holders of the 2022 Senior Notes and the lenders of the Term Loan B Facility would cease to have a claim against that subsidiary guarantor and would be creditors solely of Navios Logistics and any subsidiary guarantor whose guarantee was not voided or held unenforceable.

Other Jurisdictions

The laws of the other jurisdictions in which guarantors may be organized may also limit the ability of such guarantors to guarantee debt of a parent company. These limitations arise under various provisions or principles of corporate law which include provisions requiring a subsidiary guarantor to receive adequate corporate benefit from the financing, rules governing preservation of share capital, thin capitalization and fraudulent transfer principles. In certain of these jurisdictions, the guarantees will contain language limiting the amount of debt guaranteed so that the applicable local law restrictions will not be violated. Accordingly, if you were to enforce the guarantees in such jurisdictions, your claims may be limited. Furthermore, although we believe that the guarantees of such guarantors are enforceable (subject to local law restrictions), a third party creditor may challenge these guarantees and prevail in court. We can provide no assurance that the guarantees will be enforceable.

The foreignForeign exchange policy of Argentina may affectpolicies by the Argentine government in the past have limited, and if implemented again, could continue to limit the ability of the guarantors of the 2022 Senior Notes and the Term Loan B Facility that are Argentine companies to make money remittances outside of Argentina in respect of the guarantees.

In Argentina, since the amendment of the convertibility law in December 2001, the Argentine government has imposed several restrictions on the purchase of foreign currency in the exchange market and the transfer of funds outside of Argentina. The restrictions on deposits were rendered ineffective and the exchange restrictions that established controls on the inflow and outflow of capital and the acquisition of foreign currency were reduced or eliminated. In spite of this, the Argentine government could, in the future, impose additional exchange controls

or modify negotiation conditions or eliminate the MULC (the single and free floating foreign exchange control regulations in Argentina maymarket) or restrict the movement of capital or impose controls of another nature that could restrict the transfer of funds outside of Argentina for payments required to be made in respect of the guarantee of the 2022 Senior Notes. Additionally,Notes and the Argentine federal tax authority has recently imposed several restrictions and limitations on the purchase of foreign currency which may impair the ability of the Argentine guarantors to transfer funds outside of Argentina for payments required to be made in respect of the guarantees.Term Loan B Facility.

Item 4. Information on the Company

A. History and Development of the Company

We have a long history of operating in the Hidrovia region of South America. Corporacion Navios Sociedad Anonima (“CNSA”) was founded by one of our predecessor companies in 1955. Horamar Group (“Horamar”) was formed in 1992, and was combined with CNSA in January 2008 to form Navios Logistics. CNSA owned and operated the largest bulk transfer and storage port terminal in Uruguay. Horamar was a privately held Argentina-

basedArgentina-based group specializing in the transportation and storage of liquid cargoes and the transportation of dry bulk cargo in South America along the Hidrovia river system. The combination of CNSA and Horamar under the Navios Logistics umbrella created one of the largest logistics businesses in the Hidrovia region of South America.

On January 1, 2008, pursuant to a share purchase agreement, Navios Holdings contributed: (a) $112.2 million in cash; and (b) the authorized capital stock of its wholly owned subsidiary CNSA in exchange for the issuance and delivery of 12,765 shares of Navios Logistics, representing 63.8% of its outstanding stock. Navios Logistics acquired all ownership interests in Horamar in exchange for; (a) $112.2 million in cash, and (b) the issuance of 7,235 shares of Navios Logistics representing 36.2% of Navios Logistics’ outstanding stock. As a result, Navios Holdings owns 63.8% of Navios Logistics.

For a discussion of our capital expenditures, see “Item 5.B Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

B. Business Overview

Our Company

We believe we are one of the largest logistics companies in the Hidrovia region of South America, focusing on the Hidrovia region river system, the main navigable river system in the region, and on the cabotage trades along the eastern coast of South America. We are focused on providing our customers integrated transportation, storage and related services through our port facilities, our large, versatile fleet of dry and liquid cargo barges and our product tankers. We serve the needs of a number of growing South American industries, including mineral and grain commodity providers as well as users of refined petroleum products. Our controlling shareholder, Navios Holdings, provides significant business expertise andknow-how to our operations.

We report our operations based on three reportable segments: Port Terminal Business, Barge Business and Cabotage Business. For further historical segment information, please see our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.

We have a diverse customer base including global agricultural, mining and petroleum companies. Our customers include affiliates of ADM, Axion Energy, Bunge, Cargill, Glencore, Louis Dreyfus, Petrobras, Petropar (the national oil company of Paraguay), Shell, Vale, Vitol and YPF. We have a long history of operating in the Hidrovia region and have been able to generate and maintain longstanding relationships with our customers. In our drygrain port facilityfacilities in Uruguay, we have been serving three of our key customers, ADM, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus, for more than 1719 years on average. In our liquid port facility, liquid barge transportation and cabotage business, we have long-term relationships with our global petroleum customers for more than 1316 years on average (such as Axion Energy, Petrobras Group, YPF and Shell)Shell or their successors). In our dry barge business, we started our relationship with Vale in 2008 for iron ore transportation and have signed new contracts since then. We are committed to providing quality logistics services for our customers and further developing and maintaining our long-term relationships.

We serve our customers in the Hidrovia region through our twothree port storage and transfer facilities, one for agricultural, forest and mineral-relatedforest-related exports, one for mineral related exports both located in Nueva Palmira Free Zone, Uruguay, and the otherone for refined petroleum products located in San Antonio, Paraguay. We complement our twothree port terminals with a diverse fleet of 360338 barges and pushboats (including three pushboats to be delivered) and two small inland oil tankers that operate in our barge business and nine8 vessels, including six oceangoing tankers, two self-propelled bargesone bunker vessel and one bunker vessel,river and estuary tanker to be delivered which operate in our cabotage business. We provide transportation for dry cargo (cereals, cotton pellets, soybeans, wheat, limestone (clinker), mineral iron, and rolling stones) and liquid cargo (hydrocarbons such as crude oil, gas oil, naphtha, fuel oil and vegetable oils) and liquefied cargo (liquefied petroleum gas or LPG).

Since the business combination in January 2008, we have grown our vessel fleet from 123 to 371346 vessels, including barges, pushboats and tankers, of which 366344 are owned by us and fivetwo arechartered-in. The following is the current core fleet as of April 25, 2016.March 27, 2018.

Navios Logistics Fleet Summary (owned andchartered-in)

Port Terminal Operations

Uruguay Dry PortPorts

We believe we own and operate the largest independent bulk transfer and storage port terminal complex in Uruguay based on throughputs. In 20142016 and 2015, 4.02017, 3.6 million and 4.74.0 million tons of drygrain and mineral cargo, respectively, were moved through our dry port terminals. Our dry port terminal complex comprises of a grain terminal, and a new iron ore terminal that commenced operations in 2017. At our grain terminal, we currently have nine silos (some with internal separations) with total storage capacity of 460,000 tons. At our iron ore terminal, we currently have two stockpiles with storage capabilities up to 700,000 tons. In our drygrain port terminal, we have been serving our three key customers for more than 1719 years on average.

We have a free zone user agreement with the Republic of Uruguay dating back to the 1950s for the land on which we operate. The agreement has been extended to 2046 and may be extended further until 2066 at our option. Additionally, since our terminal isterminals are located in the Nueva Palmira Free Zone, foreign commodities moving through the terminal are free of Uruguayan taxes.

We believe that countries in the region will continue to increase use of land for agriculture and implement technology for increasing yields on productive lands. As a result, we have experienced significant growth in the last ten years from 1.0 million tons of grain moved in 2000 to 4.73.5 million tons in 2015.of grain moved in 2017. We have also been expanding our

grain silo capacity from 280,000 tons of grain cargo in 2009 to 460,000 tons of grain cargo as of December 31, 2015.2017. We installed a grain drying and conditioning facility on 13.6 acres of land adjacent to our dry port terminal, which has been operational since May 2011. This facility, with 7,000 metric tons in static storage capacity, is focused primarily on Uruguayan soy for export and is expected to serve the needs of our clients for grain products that meet the quality standards required by international buyers. We believe the addition of this facility to our existing operations could save customers expense and time by reducing the need to transport their goods from other drying and conditioning facilities to our port. In addition, in October 2013 we completed the construction of an additional vessel-loading conveyor belt.

We have expanded our dry bulk terminal operations and we believe there is significant potential for further expansion of this bulk terminal operation.expansion. In 2009, we were awarded an additional 15 acres of land under our free zone user agreement. During the third and fourth quarter of 2010, we acquired two 29 acreacres parcels of land located south of the Nueva Palmira Free Zone as part of a project to develop a new transshipment facility for dry and liquid bulks. In September 2011, we acquired an additional parcel of land of approximately 23 acres as part of this project. On March 19, 2013, we acquired Energias Renovables del Sur S.A. (“Enresur”) which is a free zone direct user and holds the right to occupy approximately 29 acres of undeveloped land in the Nueva Palmira free zone in Uruguay. On December 15, 2014, we acquired Edolmix S.A. (“Edolmix”), and Cartisur S.A. (“Cartisur”) two companies, which as free zone direct users, holdheld the right to occupy approximately 34 and 19 acres, respectively, of undeveloped riverfront land located in the Nueva Palmira free zone in Uruguay, near our existing port. Our totalFollowing the completion of the development of the iron ore terminal that commenced operations in 2017, we have already developed 74 acres of land, and we have 144 acres available land for expansion is 178 acres. We are actively looking for additional land to expand our operations.be developed inside or near the Nueva Palmira Free Zone.

Grain Port Operation:The commodities most frequently handled include grain and grain products, as well as some ores and sugar.products. Our grain port terminal receives bulk cargoes from barges, trucks, and vessels, and either transfers them directly to dry bulk carriers or stores them in our modern silos for later shipment. The grain port terminal operates 24 hours per day, seven days per week, to provide barge and ship traffic with safe and fast turnarounds. Multiple operations may be conducted simultaneously at the grain port terminal, including cargoes from oceangoing vessels, barges, trucks and grain silos. The grain port terminal uses a fixed fee structure for customers.

Grain Port Infrastructure:The grain port terminal is unique in the region because of its sophisticated design, efficiency and multimodal operations. Our drygrain port terminal has specially designed storage facilities and conveying systems that provide significant flexibility in cargo movements aimed at avoiding delays to trucks, vessels and barge convoys. The grain port terminal currently offers 460,000 tons (soybean basis) of clean and secure grain silo capacity. With nine silos (some with internal separations) available for storage, our facility provides customers storage for their commodities separate from those of other customers. The grain port terminal has the latest generation, high precision, independent weigh scales for loading activity.

The grain port terminal has threetwo docks. The main outer dock is 240 meters long and accommodates vessels of up to 85,000 dwt loading to the maximum draft permitted for vessels at the Martin Garcia Bar and Mitre Canal. The dock has three modern ship loaders that since the construction of the second conveyor line to the main pier are capable of loading vessels at rates of up to 48,000 tons per day, depending on the vessel, use of silos and on the type of commodity. The secondary inner dock is 170 meters long and is dedicated to the discharge of barge convoys, which is carried out on both sides of the dock. The grain port terminal is capable of discharging barge convoys at rates averaging 10,000 to 14,000 tons per day, depending on the type of barges and commodity. There is also a fixed-duty cycle crane to discharge barge convoys. In addition, discharging at our facility is optimized through the use of commodity-appropriate bucket size and type.

Iron Ore Port Operation:The thirdcommodities most frequently handled include iron ore and manganese. Our iron ore port terminal receives minerals from barges and either transfers them directly to dry bulk carriers or stores them in our stockpiles for later shipment. The iron ore port terminal operates 24 hours per day, seven days per week, to provide barge and ship traffic with safe and fast turnarounds.

Iron Ore Port Infrastructure:The iron ore port terminal is unique in the region because of its sophisticated design, efficiency and multimodal operations. Our iron ore port terminal has specially designed storage facilities

and conveying systems that provide significant flexibility in cargo movements aimed at avoiding delays to vessels and barge convoys. On shore the new facilities comprise an area of approximately 20 acres with two stockpiles for mineral with a storage capacity of up to 700,000 tons. With two stockpiles available for storage, our facility provides customers storage for their commodities separate from those of other customers. Mineral at the stockpile are handled by a Stacker/Reclaimer. Auxiliary equipment for barge mooring, power, environment control and water treatment are also part of the new facility.

The iron ore port terminal has two new docks. The main outer dock is 300 meters long with two berths for ocean going vessels able to accommodate vessels on both sides; up to 150,000 dwt on the outer side, and up to 85,000 dwt on the inner side, loading to the maximum draft permitted for vessels at the Martin Garcia Bar and Mitre Canal. The secondary inner dock is 200 meters long and is prepareddedicated for the discharge of barge convoys, able to receive, secureaccommodate and safely moor up to 48discharge two barges or three 16-barge convoys at the same time. Vessels are loaded with a time. The pier has direct access for cranestravelling shiploader and trucks and is prepared to load/unload bulks or general cargo to/from barges.barges are unloaded by two cranes.

Paraguay Liquid Port

We own and operate anup-river port terminal with tank storage for refined petroleum products, oil and gas in San Antonio, Paraguay, approximately 17 miles by river from the capital of Asuncion. We believe our port

terminal is one of the largest independent storage facilities for crude and petroleum products in Paraguay based on storage capacity. Our port terminal has a current capacity of 45,660 cubic meters. The port facility serves international operators from Paraguay and Bolivia supplying products that support the growing demand for energy. Because Paraguay is not an oil producing country, its needs for both crude and refined petroleum products are served entirely by imports. The main sources of supply are from Argentina and, to a much lesser extent, Bolivia. Demand for diesel in the country varies between 80,000 cubic meters and 100,000 cubic meters per month, and the demand for naphtha varies between 20,000 cubic meters and 30,000 cubic meters per month. We believe that the port’s location south of the city of Asuncion, the depth of the river in the area and the convergence between land and river transportation make this port well-positioned to become a hub for industrial development. The strategic location of the terminal at the center of the Paraguay-Parana waterway has comparative advantages for the provision of services to both southern and northern regions.

The port terminal was built to carry out terminal operations efficiently, including the loading and unloading of ships and trucks with fuels, storage tanks and subsequent clearance for vessels and trucks. The business is carried out through the purchase and sale of refined petroleum products and the storage, handling or transportation services that relate to liquid and gas products. We own tanks approved by the Paraguayan National Customs Office, which gives us a competitive advantage over other suppliers dedicated to the field.

Port Operation:The port provides short and long-term storage services for liquid cargo, as well as the sale of liquid products.

Port Infrastructure:Currently, the port has 11 major and two auxiliary tanks in operation with a capacity of 45,660 cubic meters. The plates are carbon steel, as specified by the American Standard for Testing Materials, and the construction was performed according to the standards of the American Petroleum Institute. We have available space to increase capacity to 90,000 or 100,000 cubic meters of storage at the terminal to meet our customers’ future demand.

The pier is a structure of reinforced concrete built on stilts, beams and slabs. It is 45 meters long and 4.5 meters wide, and includes two platforms, each with 148 square meters of surface area. One of the platforms, used for operation during periods of high river level, has a height of 9.05 meters. The second platform is used during periods of lower river level and has a height of 5.0 meters.

The port has an area for truck operations with a reinforced concrete floor and metal roof mounted on trusses and steel columns profiles. There are three platforms, one for liquid fuels, another for LPG and a platform to discharge trucks with alcohol and other refined petroleum products.

Barge Operations

Overview:We service the Argentine, Bolivian, Brazilian, Paraguayan and Uruguayan river transportation markets through our fleet of 362338 vessels in our barge business. We operate different types of pushboats and wet and dry barges for delivering a wide range of dry and liquid products between ports in the Parana, Paraguay and Uruguay River systems in South America (the Hidrovia or the “waterway”). We typically contract our vessels either on a time charter basis or on a CoA basis.

Fleet:We control 362338 vessels in our barge business, including 27 pushboats, 291272 dry barges, 3936 tank barges and three LPG barges and two small inland oil tankers. We have grown our fleet quickly since our business combination in January 2008.barges. Our dry barge fleet is nearly three times the size it was in January 2008.

Products Transported:We transport liquid cargo (hydrocarbons such as crude oil, gas oil, naphtha, fuel oil and vegetable oils), liquefied cargo (liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)) and dry cargo (cereals, cotton pellets, soy bean, wheat, limestone (clinker), mineral iron and rolling stones). During 2015,2017, we transported approximately 1.32.1 million cubic meters of liquids or tons of dry cargo, consisting of approximately 0.30.4 million cubic meters of

liquids and 1.01.7 million tons of dry cargo (compared to 2.2 million in 2016, 1.3 million in 2015, and 2.7 million in 2014, 2.1 million in 2013, and 1.8 million in 2012)2014).

Cabotage Operations

Overview:Our cabotage operations serve oil majors and major trading companies in the region to transport petroleum products from the refineries to various coastal destinations. The Argentine cabotage market is restricted to established local operators with either Argentine flagged vessels or foreign flagged vessels withone-to-three year licenses for companies with sufficient Argentine tonnage. We have the competitive advantage of being able to operate in the Brazilian cabotage market through a Brazilian pushboat operator, Hidronave South American Logistics S.A. (“Hidronave S.A.”), since Brazilian law provides a preference for the utilization of Brazilian-flagged vessels in its cabotage trade.

Our fleet consists of six oceangoing product tanker vessels, two self-propelled bargesone bunker vessel and one bunker vessel.river and estuary product tanker under construction expected to be delivered in the second quarter of 2018. Since December 2007, we have grown our cabotage fleet. We acquired two product tanker vessels, the Estefania H and the Makenita H, which were delivered in July 2008 and June 2009, respectively, with an aggregate capacity of 29,508 dwt. In February 2010, we took delivery of the Sara H, a 9,000 dwt double-hulled product oil tanker. In June 2010, we entered intosix-year bareboat agreements for two new product tankers, the Ferni H and the San San H, each with a capacity of 16,871 dwt. The San San H and the Ferni H were delivered in June and July 2010, respectively. We acquired the two vessels, the San San H and the Ferni H in May 2017. In September 2014, we took delivery of He Manthe Heman H, a 1,693 dwt double-hulled bunker vessel. We have under construction one river and estuary product tanker that is expected to be delivered in the second quarter of 2018.

On July 10, 2013, we became the sole shareholder of Hidronave S.A. by acquiring the then remaining 49% noncontrolling interest. This acquisition serves as a platform to enable us to build our Brazilian cabotage business if we choose to do so, since Hidronave S.A. has the certificates and other documentation required to conduct business in Brazil. For example, inIn May 2011 we signed15-year charter contracts with Petrobras for six Panamax vessels which will further expand our cabotage business.to be constructed. We havehad the option to cancel the contracts if we are unable to secure acceptable financing for the construction of the vessels. As of December 31, 2017, this contract has not materialized without penalties to either of the parties.

Fleet:The table below reflects our cabotage tanker fleet, excluding the river and estuary product tanker under construction, as of April 25, 2016:March 27, 2018:

Our foreign-flagged cabotage tanker vessels operate under licenses of one to three years’ duration issued by the Argentinean maritime authorities. Such licenses for our vessels expire at various times until August 2018.October 2020. Upon expiration, the licenses are generally renewed for periods of one to three years. While renewal is pending, the vessels operate under provisional licenses of two to three months’ duration which arere-issued until the longer-term license is obtained.

Products Transported:We transport liquid cargo (hydrocarbons such as crude oil, gas oil, naphtha, fuel oil and vegetable oils). During 2015,2017, our cabotage fleet transported approximately 1.81.3 million cubic meters of liquids (compared to 1.5 million cubic meters in 2016 and 1.8 million cubic meters in 2014 and 2.2 million cubic meters in 2013)2015).

Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following strengths allow us to maintain a competitive advantage within the markets we serve:

Leading Integrated Logistics Company in the Hidrovia Region Serving Diversified End Markets.We believe we own and operate the largest independent bulk transfer and storage port terminal complex in Uruguay based on throughputs and one of the largest independent storage facilities for crude and petroleum products in Paraguay based on storage capacity. We believe we also are one of the largest owners and operators of a diverse and versatile fleet of dry and wet barges, pushboats and oil tankers in the Hidrovia region. Our port, barge and cabotage operations serve the needs of a diverse range of industries, including mineral and grain commodity providers as well as users of refined petroleum products. We have been able to combine our ports, barges, pushboats and tankers to offer an integrated logistics solution to our customers. For example, we have customers that use both our dry port and dry barge services such as Vale, ADM, Sodrugestvo and Vicentin, and other customers that use our liquid port, liquid barge and cabotage services such as PetrobrasAxion Energy and Axion Energy.Petrobras.

Developing Leading Position Through Investment and Expansion in our Port Terminals.Our dry port facility has served the growing grain and ore exports of countries in the Hidrovia region since 1955 and its location at Nueva Palmira serves our customers’ export needs by providing easy access to the Atlantic Ocean. We believe that the 178 acres of total available land, following our recent purchases and active investigation of other prospective land acquisitions provide us with significant potential for further expansion at our dry port terminal, including the development of a new transshipment facility for dry and liquid bulks. Our crude and petroleum product port and storage facility in Paraguay is located at the convergence of land and river transportation in an area we believe will become an industrial hub. Our facility’s 45,660 cubic meters of storage, serve the needs of our customers in Paraguay, a country with no crude production and limited refining capacity, and in the Hidrovia region.

Large Scale and Modern Fleet Drive Efficient Operations.We believe we are one of the largest providers of storage and marine transportation services in the Hidrovia region, which gives us economies of scale and increased negotiating power. As a fully integrated operator within-house technical and commercial management of our fleet, we are able to control costs and increase savings across our vertically integrated business lines. We closely monitor operating expenses and continuously undertake cost-cutting initiatives such as the adoption of

best practices and the utilization of process improvement teams. In addition, the use of modern vessels in our cabotage operations permits us to use advanced technology and a computerized navigational system that allows for efficient maneuverability and decreased fuel consumption for our vessels.

We believe we have high fleet utilization due to our modern cabotage fleet. Our cabotage fleet of seven double-hulled product tankers is one of the youngest in Argentina with an average age of approximately seven years. Younger vessels typically have greater flexibility in their employment and less maintenance time is needed to operate such vessels. Our cabotage fleet utilization rate for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 was 76.1%, 79.0% and 79.0%, respectively.

We also seek to optimize the use of pushboats. For example, we use some of our pushboats as part of convoys which are mixed to include both liquid and dry barges. Since most liquid products are transported upriver and most dry products are transported downriver in the region, the use of these mixed convoys allows us to use our pushboats efficiently and limit the incurrence of additional costs related to the repositioning of our barges along the river system.

Preferential Treatment in Certain Markets. Most countries provide preferential treatment, referred to as “cabotage privileges,” for vessels that are flagged in their jurisdiction or chartered in for operation by local ship operators. All of our oceangoing vessels enjoy cabotage privileges in Argentina. In addition, Brazilian law provides a preference for the utilization of Brazilian-flagged vessels in its cabotage trade. Our Brazilian subsidiary, gives us the competitive advantage of being able to operate in the Brazilian cabotage market, enabling

us to obtain employment in preference to vessels without those cabotage privileges. Furthermore, the countries of the Hidrovia region have established a regional cabotage system in which we participate.

Long-Term Relationships with High Quality Customers. We have a long history of operating in the Hidrovia region of South America. We have long-standing relationships with a diverse group of large customers, primarily comprised of major international agriculture and oil companies and their affiliates such as ADM, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus, Petrobras, Petropar, YPF, Shell and Vale. These long term customer relationships arise from our reputation for reliability and high-quality service. In our drygrain port facilityterminal in Uruguay, we have been serving three of our key customers, ADM, Cargill and Louis Dreyfus, for more than 1719 years on average. In our liquid port facility, liquid barge transportation and cabotage business, we have long term relationships with our global petroleum customers for more than 1316 years on average. In our barge business, we started our relationship with Vale in 2008 for iron ore transportation and have signed new contracts since then.

Track Record of High Standards of Performance and Safety. Ourin-house technical ship management services are provided in accordance with the highest standard in the industry established by class societies, the IMO and the OCIMF and have been vetted by the oil majors. The quality of our fleet, as well as the expertise of our fleet managers, crews and engineering resources, helps us maintain safe, reliable and consistent performance. We maintain well documented and internationally certified safety and quality management systems, perform periodic audits and conduct training, each of which affects all areas of our activities, including operations, maintenance and crewing.

Established History and Experienced Management Team.We have operated in the Hidrovia region for more than 50 years and have an experienced management team, led by our Chief Executive Officer Claudio Pablo Lopez. Mr. Lopez and his family members have collectively been involved in the logistics industry in the region since 1976. Our directors and senior executive officers have, on average over 20 years of experience in the logistics and transportation industries. Our management team has significant expertise in various lines of businesses and has been instrumental in developing and maintaining our certified safety, quality management systems and executing our growth plan. Our management has driven significant growth in time charter, voyage and port terminal revenues and sales of products.

Business Strategy

Our business strategy is to continue to operate as a diversified logistics and port terminals company and to maximize our growth and profitability while limiting our exposure to the cyclical nature of individual sectors of the logistics industry. We intend to leverage our expertise and strong customer relationships to increase volume,

efficiency and market share in a targeted manner. We will continue to build upon our reputation in the logistics and port terminals industry by pursuing the following strategies:

Capitalize on Attractive Fundamentals in Our Businesses.As one of the largest owners and operators of barges and product tankers in the Hidrovia region, with some of the largest, most modern and strategically located port facilities, we believe we are well positioned to capitalize on the attractive fundamentals for storage and marine transportation services in the region. There currently exists a shortage of adequate rail and highway infrastructure in South America to meet the growing demand for exports, and the Hidrovia river system and coastal trade represent some of the more cost-efficient methods of transportation in the region. The Hidrovia river system is one of the largest navigable river systems in the world, comparable in length to the Mississippi River system in the United States. A comparison of the two river systems illustrates the significant potential for future development of the Hidrovia which serves economies that are expected to grow in the future. For example, during the period 2016-2020, Brazil2018-2022, Argentina is expected to grow 1.7%2.9% on average, Brazil 1.9% on average, Uruguay 2.8%3.1% on average, and Paraguay 4.0%3.9% on average, according to the International Monetary Fund’s latest available data on World Economic Outlook.Outlook (October 2017). Advanced economies, including the United States, are expected to grow 2.1%1.8% on average during the same period, according to the same source. If such growth in the Hidrovia Region economies does not materialize, it could materially delay or prevent the Hidrovia Region from realizing its potential.

We plan to use our position as a market leader in the Hidrovia region to grow our businesses to take advantage of this opportunity. We regularly review opportunities to invest in new port facilities and other infrastructure and increase the size and capacity of our barge fleet. We are developinghave developed a new transshipment facility for dry and liquid bulksminerals in Nueva Palmira.Palmira and we plan to develop a new transshipment facility for liquid bulk. We also plan on incorporating additional chemical/product tankers into our cabotage fleet. We believe that these tankers will serve a demand for vessels from our existing customers to service routes where both the point of origin and destination are in South America. We may also seek to add capacity by acquiring assets or companies currently operating in the Hidrovia region, and may add businesses and services that we believe are complementary to those we currently offer. We may also enter into joint venture arrangements with third parties with respect to these businesses.

Continue to Optimize Our Chartering Strategy.We continually monitor developments in the logistics industry and make charter-related decisions based on an individual vessel and segment basis, as well as on our view of overall market conditions in order to implement our overall business strategy. Some of our charters provide fixed pricing, minimum volume requirements and fuel price adjustment formulas. On other occasions, we enter into CoAs, which allow us flexibility in transporting a certain cargo to its destination. In our cabotage business, we typically operate under time charters with durations in excess of one year at inception. We have been working with our customers in our barge business to increase the proportion of our business under time charters and CoAs of one to six years’ duration, some of which have minimum volume guarantees. Furthermore, we intend to develop relationships with new customers and cargoes as we grow our fleet capacity.

Generating Operational Efficiencies. We have identified opportunities and are implementing our plans to improve overall efficiency and profitability. For example, in our barge business, we plan to increasehave increased the size and capacity of our barge fleet and invest in new engines that burn less expensive fuel for our line pushboats, which we use on our longer river voyages.fleet. We will also continue to focus on optimizing our barge and tug scheduling, maximizing loads and convoy size and minimizing empty return voyages.

Continue to Improve Quality.We have developed a reputation for having quality operations in the storage and marine transportation industry. We have implemented a quality improvement process to identify customer requirements and maintain processes designed to meet those requirements. We seek to involve the entire workforce to continually improve these processes on an ongoing basis. Our emphasis on quality allows us to provide customer service at a competitive price. Our reputation enhances our ability to successfully secure valuable contracts and has allowed us to build strong relationships with our customers.

Continue to Capitalize on Our Relationship with Navios Holdings.Navios Holdings has developed considerable experience and a global network of relationships during its over60-year history of investing and operating in the maritime industry. We believe our relationship with Navios Holdings, including our ability to leverage Navios Holdings’ global network of relationships, and its relationships with commercial and other banks will enable us to engage in innovative financing and to access debt and capital markets financing on favorable terms as evidenced by our past credit facility andfacilities, our 2022 Senior Notes.Notes and our Term Loan B Facility.

We also believe that we benefit from the risk management practices adopted by Navios Holdings. Navios Holdings closely monitors its counterparties’ credit exposure. Navios Holdings has established policies designed for contracts to be entered into with counterparties that have appropriate credit history and we have access to Navios Holdings’ policies and personnel for this purpose. We believe that we can use our relationship with Navios Holdings and its established reputation in order to obtain favorable long-term time contracts and attract new customers. If our relationship with Navios Holdings ends or is significantly altered, our business, results of operations and financial position could be materially adversely affected. See “Item 3.D Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Industry and Our Business—Business. We have a meaningful relationship with Navios Holdings, and we depend on Navios Holdings for certain legal, advisory, administrative and other services and benefit from its global network to obtain competitive financing. If our relationship with Navios Holdings ended or was significantly altered, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.”

Seasonality

Certain of our businesses have seasonality aspects, and seasonality affects the results of our operations and revenues, particularly in the first and last quarters of each year. Generally, the high season for the barge business is the period between February and July, as a result of the South American harvest and higher river levels. Expected growth in soybean and mineral production and transportation may offset part of this seasonality. During the South American late spring and summer, mainly from November to January, the low level of water in the northern Hidrovia could adversely affect our operations as the water level is not high enough to accommodate the draft of a heavily laden vessel. Such low levels also adversely impact our ability to employ convoys as the water level towards the banks of the river may be too low to permit vessel traffic even if the middle of the river is deep enough to permit passage. With respect to our dry port terminal operations in Uruguay, high season is mainly from April to September, linked with the arrival of the first barges down-river and with the oceangoing vessels logistics operations. The port terminal operations in Paraguay and our cabotage business are not significantly affected by seasonality because the operations of the port and our cabotage business are primarily linked to refined petroleum products.

Customers

In each of our businesses, we derive a significant part of our revenues from a small number of customers. For the year ended December 31, 2015, our two largest customers, Vale and Cammessa, accounted for 27.8% and 12.9% of our revenues, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for approximately 61.7% of our revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2014 our three largest customers, Vale, Cammessa and Axion Energy, accounted for 22.8%, 13.8% and 10.7% of our revenues, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for approximately 60.3% of our revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2013, our two largest customers, Vale and Petropar, accounted for 18.5% and 10.7% of our revenues, respectively, and our five largest customers accounted for approximately 56.4%.

Our Fleet Management

We conduct all daily technical and commercial management for our owned fleetin-house and we commercially manage ourchartered-in fleet. These services, as well as administration of our fleet, are provided from several offices situated in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil. We will continue to undertake all technical and commercial management for our barges and pushboats and vessels, such as drydocking, repairs and maintenance, including the purchasing of supplies, spare parts and husbandry items, crewing, superintendence and preparation and payment of all related accounts on our behalf.

Employees and Crewing

We crew our fleet with Argentine, Brazilian and Paraguayan officers and seamen. Our fleet managers are responsible for selecting the crew.

As of December 31, 2015,2017, we employed 350395 land-based employees: 2950 employees in the Asuncion, Paraguay office, 3921 employees at the port facility in San Antonio, Paraguay, 106103 employees in the Buenos Aires, Argentina office, eight employees in the Montevideo, Uruguay office, 158203 employees at the port facility in Nueva Palmira, Uruguay, and 10 employees at Hidronave S.A.’sin the Corumba, Brazil office.

Certain of our operations in Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil are unionized. We believe that we have good relations with our employees and seamen and since our inception we have had no history of significant work stoppages.

Competition

We believe we are one of the largest logistics providers in the region. We believe our ownership of river ports, including our port terminalterminals in Uruguay that provides access to the ocean, allows us to offer a logistics solution superior to our competitors that also operate barges and pushboats. We also compete based on reliability, efficiency and price.

With respect to loading, storage and ancillary services, the market is divided between transits and exports, depending on the cargo origin. In the case of transits there are other companies operating in the river system that are able to offer services similar to ours. However, most of these companies are proprietary service providers that

are focused on servicing their own cargo. Unlike these companies, we are an independent service provider in the market for transits. With respect to exports, our competitors are Montevideo Port in Montevideo and Ontur in Nueva Palmira, neither of which has storage, and TGU in Nueva Palmira. The main competitor of our liquid port terminal in Paraguay is Petropar, a Paraguayan state-owned entity. Other competitors include Copetrol, TLP, Trafigura Pte Ltd. and Petrobras, which are also customers of our port.Petrobras.

We face competition in our barge and cabotage businesses with transportation of oil and refined petroleum products from other independent ship owners and from vessel operators who primarily charter vessels to meet their cargo carrying needs. The charter markets in which our vessels compete are highly competitive. Key competitors include the successor of Ultrapetrol Bahamas Ltd., Hidrovias do Brasil, Interbarge, P&O, Imperial Shipping and Fluviomar. In addition, some of our customers, including ADM, Cargill, Louis Dreyfus and Vale, have some of their own dedicated barge capacity, which they can use to transport cargo in lieu of hiring a third party. We also compete indirectly with other forms of land-based transportation such as truck and rail. Competition is primarily based on prevailing market contract rates, vessel location and vessel managerknow-how, reputation and credibility. These companies and other smaller entities are regular competitors of ours in our primary tanker trading areas. We believe that our ability to combine our ports in Uruguay and Paraguay with our versatile fleet of barges, pushboats and tankers to offer integrated,end-to-end logistics solutions for both our dry and liquid customers seeking to transport mineral and grain commodities and liquid cargoes through the Hidrovia region has allowed us to differentiate our business and offer superior services compared to our competitors.

Corporate Information

Our legal and commercial name is Navios South American Logistics Inc. We have been incorporated under the laws of the Republic of the Marshall Islands since December 17, 2007. Our office and principal place of business is located at Aguada Park Free Zone, Paraguay 2141, Of. 1603 Montevideo, Uruguay and our telephone number is +(30)(210) 459-5000. Our website is http://www.navios-logistics.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report and should not be considered to be a part of this report. Trust Company of the Marshall Islands, Inc. serves as our agent for service of process, and our registered address, as well as address of its agent for service of process is Trust Company Complex, Ajeltake Island, P.O. Box 1405, Majuro, Marshall Islands MH96960. We maintain offices in Montevideo, Uruguay, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Asuncion, Paraguay, and Corumba, Brazil. We own the Nueva Palmira port and transfer facilityfacilities indirectly through our Uruguayan subsidiary, CNSA, and the San Antonio port facility through our Paraguayan subsidiary, Petrolera San Antonio S.A. (“Petrosan”). All of our subsidiaries are wholly owned.

Environmental and Government Regulation

Government regulations relating to the environment, health or safety significantly affect our operations, including the ownership and operation of our vessels and our port facilities. Our operations are subject to international conventions, national, state and local laws, and regulations in force in international waters and the jurisdictional waters of the countries in which our vessels may operate or are registered. The legal requirements affecting our operations include, but are not limited to, the IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, the IMO International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, and

its protocols of 1976, 1984, and 1992, the IMO International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001, the IMO International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea and the International Convention on Load Lines of 1966. Additionally, the 1982 United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas also includes regulations that aim to protect and preserve the marine environment (part XII).

As a general provision, section 192 of the Law of the Seas states that all States have the obligation to protect and preserve the marine environment. In addition, section 193 claims that States have the right to exploit their natural resources pursuant to their environmental policies and in accordance with their duty to protect and preserve the marine environment.

The Viña del Mar Agreement on Port State Control is in force in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Cuba, Honduras, Guatemala, Ecuador, Mexico, Panamá, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay and Venezuela. Said Agreement enables State Port Authorities to supervise vessels reaching their ports.

We must also comply with legal requirements relating to the management and disposal of hazardous materials and wastes, air emissions, wastewater discharges, the management of ballast waters, maintenance and inspection, and development and implementation of emergency procedures. In addition, vessel classification societies impose safety and other requirements with respect to our vessels. Compliance with these requirements entails significant expense, including vessel modifications and implementation of certain operating procedures. Violations of such requirements can result in substantial penalties, and in certain instances, seizure or detention of our vessels.

International treaties and conventions, as well as national and local laws, can subject us to material liabilities in the event that there is a release of oil or other regulated substances from our vessels or at our port operations. We could also become subject to personal injury or property damage claims relating to exposure to, or releases of, regulated substances associated with our current or historic operations. In addition, we are subject to insurance or other financial assurance requirements relating to oil spills and other pollution incidents and are in material compliance with these requirements.

A variety of governmental and private entities, each of which may have unique requirements, subject our vessels and port terminals to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These entities include the local port authorities (harbor master or equivalent), port state controls, classification societies, flag state administration (country of registry) and charterers, particularly terminal operators. Our port terminals are subject to inspections by Hidrografía and the Free Zone Authority in Uruguay and the Environmental Secretary in Paraguay. Certain of these entities require us to obtain permits, licenses and certificates for the operation of our vessels and port facilities. Failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals could result in the imposition of substantial penalties or require us to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspend operation of one or more of our vessels.

We believe that the heightened level of environmental and quality concerns among insurance underwriters, regulators and charterers is leading to greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout the industry. Increasing environmental and safety concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to the stricter environmental and safety standards. We are required to maintain operating standards for all of our vessels for operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of our officers and crews, and compliance with international as well as South American laws and regulations. We believe that the operation of our vessels is in substantial compliance with applicable environmental, health and safety laws and regulations; however, because such laws and regulations are frequently changing and may impose increasingly stricter requirements or be enforced more strictly, such future requirements may limit our ability to do business, increase our operating costs, require reductions in cargo capacity, ship modifications or other operational changes or restrictions, lead to reduced availability of insurance coverage or increased policy costs, result in denial of access to certain ports or waters or detention in certain ports, force the early retirement of our vessels, and/or affect their resale value, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Environmental and Safety Regulation—IMO

The IMO is the United Nations agency concerned with maritime safety and the prevention of pollution by ships. The IMO has adopted a number of international conventions with respect to maritime safety, pollution prevention and liability and compensation, the most significant of which are described below.

IMO—Pollution Prevention

The MARPOL Convention (“MARPOL”), which was adopted by the IMO in 1973 and has been updated through various amendments, imposes environmental standards on the shipping industry relating to oil spills,

management of garbage, the handling and disposal of noxious liquids, harmful substances in packaged forms, sewage and air emissions. In particular, in 1992, amendments to Annex I of MARPOL requirements imposedphase-out dates for tankers that are not certified as double-hull. Annex I of MARPOL, which was subsequently revised in 2001 and 2003, has been adopted by all countries in the Hidrovia Region, other than Paraguay. In 1984, Argentinean authorities (the “PNA”) adopted MARPOL for domestic trade. In 2008, the PNA adopted a resolution for thephase-out for single hull river vessels and barges from 2013 to 2018. This new regulation may accelerate the scrapping/modification of older river vessels and barges.

Annex III of MARPOL regulates the transportation of marine pollutants, including standards on packing, marking, labeling, documentation, stowage, quality limitations and pollution prevention. Annex III has been adopted by all countries in the Hidrovia Region, other than Paraguay. These requirements have been expanded by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, which imposes additional standards for all aspects of the transportation of dangerous goods and marine pollutants by sea.

Air Emissions

In September 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to MARPOL to address air pollution from ships. Annex VI was ratified in May 2004 and became effective in May 2005. Of the Hidrovia countries, as of January 31, 2013, only Brazil has adopted Article VI of MARPOL. Annex VI sets limits on sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from vessel exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances (such as halons and chlorofluorocarbons), emissions of volatile compounds from cargo tanks, and the shipboard incineration of specific substances. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulphur content of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent controls on sulphur emissions.

In October 2008, the IMO adopted amendments to Annex VI regarding particulate matter, nitrogen oxide and sulphur oxide emission standards that entered into force in July 1, 2010. The amended Annex VI aims to reduce air pollution from vessels by, among other things, implementing a progressive reduction of sulphur oxide emissions from ships and establishing new tiers of stringent nitrogen oxide emission standards for marine engines. We may incur additional costs to comply with these revised standards. The amendments include Regulation 15 of Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78, as revised by IMO Resolution MEPC.176 (58), which regulates volatile organic compound (“VOC”) emissions from tankers in designated ports or terminals of an entity regulating such emissions. Regulation 15.6 requires that a tanker carrying crude oil must have on board and implement a VOC Management Plan approved by the flag state in accordance with IMO resolution MEPC.185 (59). This VOC Management Plan must be specific to each ship. Our tanker vessels have an approved VOC management plan.

Ballast Water

The IMO adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments in February 2004 (the “BWM Convention”). The BWM Convention’s implementing regulations call for a phased introduction of mandatory ballast water exchange requirements, to be replaced in time with mandatory concentration limits. TheWith Finland’s accession to the Agreement on September 8, 2016, the 35% threshold was reached, and the BWM Conventionconvention will not enter into force until 12 months after it has been adopted by 30 member states, the combined merchant fleetson September 8, 2017. Out of which represent not less than 35% of the gross

tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping. To date, there has not been sufficient adoption of this standard by member-states representing enough of the gross tonnage of the world’s fleet for it to enter into force. However, as of February 11, 2016, the Convention has been ratified by 47 states, representing 34.4% of the global merchant shipping fleet’s gross tonnage, and its entry-into-force with attendant compliance costs may therefore be anticipated in the foreseeable future. Of the Hidrovia countries, as of February 2016,March, 2017, Brazil is the only Brazilone that has adopted the BWM Convention. The entry of the BWM Convention and revised guidance may result in additional compliance costs.

If themid-ocean exchange of ballast water is made mandatory at the international level, or if water treatment requirements are implemented, the cost of compliance could increase for ocean carriers. Although we do not believe that the costs of compliance with a mandatorymid-ocean ballast exchange would be material, it is difficult to predict the overall impact of such a requirement on our business.

Hidrovia Convention—RIOCON

The Hidrovia countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay) are beginning the discussion to standardize all requirements and regulations relating to pollution from vessels. The CIH (Comité Intergubernamental de la Hidrovia) is developing a new convention named RIOCON (an adapted version of MARPOL). Additional or new conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could adversely affect our ability to manage our ships.

IMO—Safety

The IMO has adopted the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (the “SOLAS Convention”) and the International Convention on Load Lines of 1966 (the “LL Convention”), which imposes standards for the regulation of design and operational features of ships. The SOLAS Convention has been adopted by all of the countries in the Hidrovia Region, and, as of January 31, 2013, the LL Convention has been adopted by all of the countries in the Hidrovia Region other than Paraguay. We believe that all of our vessels are in substantial compliance with standards imposed by the SOLAS Convention and the LL Convention.

The operation of our vessels is subject to the requirements set forth in the IMO International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (the “ISM Code”) pursuant to Chapter IX of the SOLAS Convention. The ISM Code requires vessel owners and bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive “Safety Management System” that includes, among other things, the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. The ISM Code requires that vessel operators obtain a safety management certificate for each vessel they operate. No vessel can obtain a certificate unless its manager has been awarded a document of compliance, issued by each flag state, under the ISM Code. The failure of a vessel owner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels, and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. Currently, each of the vessels in our fleet is ISM code-certified. However, there can be no assurance that such certification will be maintained indefinitely.

Oil Pollution Liability

Many countries have ratified and follow the liability scheme adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention of Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage (the “CLC”) and the Convention for the Establishment of an International Fund for Oil Pollution of 1971, as amended. Under these conventions and depending on whether the country in which the damage results is a party to the 1992 Protocol to the CLC, a vessel’s registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused on the territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain complete defenses. This liability is subject to a financial limit calculated by reference to the tonnage of the ship. The right to limit liability is forfeited under the CLC where the spill is caused by the owner’s actual fault and, under the 1992 Protocol, where the spill is caused by the

owner’s intentional or reckless conduct. Vessels trading to contracting states must provide evidence of insurance covering the limited liability of the owner. Of the countries in the Hidrovia Region, only Argentina and Uruguay have adopted the 1992 Protocol to the CLC. Brazil has ratified the CLC 69 but not the 1992 Protocol. In jurisdictions where the CLC has not been adopted, various legislative schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner similar to the CLC. None of the Hidrovia countries are part of the 2003 Protocol that amends the International Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for compensation for oil pollution damages 1992.

Also at the international level, the IMO International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 (the “Bunker Convention”) was adopted in March 2001 and became effective in November 2008. The Bunker Convention imposes strict liability on ship owners for pollution damage in jurisdictional waters of ratifying states caused by discharges of “bunker oil” (oil used or intended for use in the operation or propulsion

of the ship) in order to ensure that adequate, prompt and effective compensation is available to persons who suffer damage caused by spills of oil, when carried as fuel in ships’ bunkers. The Bunker Convention applies to damage caused in the territory, including the territorial sea, and in exclusive economic zones of party states and provides a free-standing instrument covering pollution damage only. As with the CLC upon which the Bunker Convention is modeled, a key requirement in this convention is the need for the registered owner of a vessel to maintain compulsory insurance cover. To date, none of the countries in the Hidrovia Region have adopted the Bunker Convention.

Another key provision is the requirement for direct action, which allows a claim for compensation for pollution damage to be brought directly against an insurer. The Bunker Convention requires ships over 1,000 gross tonnage to maintain insurance or other financial security, such as the guarantee of a bank or similar financial institution, to cover the liability of the registered owner for pollution damage in an amount equal to the limits of liability under the applicable national or international limitation regime, but in all cases, not exceeding an amount calculated in accordance with the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976, as amended (the “1976 Convention”). Rights to limit liability under the 1976 Convention are forfeited where a spill is caused by a shipowner’s intentional or reckless conduct. Some jurisdictions have ratified the 1996 LLMC Protocol to the 1976 Convention, which provides for liability limits substantially higher than those set forth in the 1976 Convention. Finally, some jurisdictions are not a party to either the 1976 Convention or the 1996 LLMC Protocol, and therefore shipowners’ rights to limit liability for maritime pollution in such jurisdictions may be uncertain. To date, none of the countries in the Hidrovia region have adopted the 1976 Convention and the 1996 LLMC Protocol.

Argentina and Brazil are part of the International Convention Relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution Casualties 1969. Said convention states the right of coastal States to take necessary measures on the high seas to prevent, mitigate or eliminate grave and imminent danger to their coastline or related interests from pollution or threat of pollution of the sea by oil, following a maritime casualty or acts related to such a casualty. In addition, Brazil has acceded to the 1973 Protocol that amend the 1969 Convention.

Title VII of the Navigation and Security Protocol of RIOCON, applies to the prevention, reduction and control of pollution from vessels in the Hidrovía Region.

Additionally, each country of the Hidrovia region has its own laws related to oil pollution.

liable for anyclean-up costs and imposes fines for violations. The Dangerous Waste Act (24.051) regulates the creation, handling, transport and final disposal of dangerous waste and makes the owner and/or guardian of the waste strictly liable and imposes fines and/or imprisonment for violations. The National Environmental Policy Act (25.675) establishes the minimum budgets needed to achieve sustainable and adequate management of the environment, makes the person who causes the environmental damage strictly liable, and states that activities that could pollute the environment must be insured. Chapter VIII of the REGINAVE (Maritime, River and Lake Navigation Regime) also governs environmental issues and imposes fines for violations. The International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response andCo-operation (OPRC 1990) is also in force in Argentina (Act N° 24.292). The OPRC 1990 requires governments of coastal states to establish measures for dealing with

According to the aforementioned legislation, liability for environmental pollution damages in Brazil can be assessed in three different spheres: civil; administrative; and criminal. Insofar as the liability regime for civil damages caused to the environment or to affected third parties by oil pollution, this is one of joint strict liability, i.e. the owner and its insurer, as well as any other guarantor, are jointly liable for damages, independent of fault, based on Article 14, § 1º, of Law no. 6.938/81 and Article 9, §2º of the Decree no. 83.540/79. Limitation of liability as set out in theCLC-69 is not applicable in Brazil. Insofar as administrative liability, according to Article 25 of the Oil Law, in the event of oil pollution damages, the following parties can be held administratively liable for the above-mentioned fines: the ship owner; the ship owner’s legal representative; the ship operator; the concessionaire; the master or crewman; the representatives of the port, terminal, platform, shipyard or marina; and the cargo owner. According to the same article, the administrative penalties can vary from simple warnings to fines in total up to R$50 million. Brazil is party to the 1990 International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response andCo-operation.

jointly and severally. Paraguay, together with all the countries of the MERCOSUR has signed the Framework Agreement on Environment (2003), which also promotes the environmental protection within the area.

We currently maintain, for each of our owned vessels, insurance coverage against pollution liability risks in the amount of $1.0 billion per event. The insured risks include penalties and fines as well as civil liabilities and expenses resulting from accidental pollution. However, this insurance coverage is subject to exclusions, deductibles and other terms and conditions. If any liabilities or expenses fall within an exclusion from coverage, or if damages from a catastrophic incident exceed the $1.0 billion limitation of coverage per event, our cash flow, profitability and financial position could be materially and adversely impacted.

Greenhouse Gas Regulation

In February 2005, the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change entered into force. Pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol, adopting countries are required to implement national programs to reduce emissions of certain gases, generally referred to as greenhouse gases, which are suspected of contributing to global warming. Currently, the greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping do not come under the Kyoto Protocol.

In December 2011, UN climate change talks took place in Durban and concluded with an agreement referred to as the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. In preparation for the Durban Conference, the International Chamber of Shipping (“ICS”) produced a briefing document, confirming the shipping industry’s commitment to cut shipping emissions by 20% by 2020, with significant further reductions thereafter. The ICS called on the participants in the Durban Conference to give the IMO a clear mandate to deliver emissions reductions through market-based measures, for example a shipping industry environmental compensation fund. Notwithstanding the ICS’ request for global regulation of the shipping industry, the Durban Conference did not result in any proposals specifically addressing the shipping industry’s role in climate change. However, the IMO has been developing a work plan to limit or reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping through the development of technical, operational and market-based measures. As part of this work plan, in July 2011 the IMO adopted mandatory measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. Specifically, regulations under Annex VI of MARPOL were amended to add a new Chapter 4 that mandates an Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships and a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. The regulations apply to all ships over 400 gross tonnage and came into effect on January 2, 2013. Of the Hidrovia countries, to date only Brazil has adopted Article VI of MARPOL. Any passage of climate control legislation or further implementation of regulatory initiatives by the IMO or individual countries where we operate that restrict emissions of greenhouse gases from vessels could require us to make significant financial expenditures that we cannot predict with certainty at this time.

Inspections

A variety of governmental and private entities subject our vessels to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. Inspection procedures can result in the seizure of our vessels or their cargos, delays in the loading,

offloading or delivery and the levying of customs duties, fines or other penalties against us. The primary inspection programs to which we are subject are described below.

Inspection by Classification Societies

Every oceangoing vessel must be “classed” by a classification society. The classification society certifies that the vessel is “in class,” signifying that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessel’s country of registry and the international conventions of which that country is a member. In addition, where surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances of a flag state, the classification society will usually undertake them on application or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities concerned.

The classification society also undertakes on request other surveys and checks that are required by regulations and requirements of the flag state. These surveys are subject to agreements made in each individual case and/or to the regulations of the country concerned.

For maintenance of the class, regular and extraordinary surveys of hull, machinery, including the electrical plant, and any special equipment classed are required to be performed as follows:

Annual Surveys. For oceangoing vessels, annual surveys are conducted for the hull and the machinery, including the electrical plant, and, where applicable, for special equipment classed, at intervals of 12 months from the date of commencement of the class period indicated in the certificate.

Intermediate Surveys.Extended annual surveys are referred to as intermediate surveys and typically are conducted two and a half years after commissioning and each class renewal. Intermediate surveys may be carried out on the occasion of the second or third annual survey.

Special Surveys. Special surveys, also known as class renewal surveys, are carried out every five years for the vessel’s hull, machinery, including the electrical plant, and for any special equipment classed, at the intervals indicated by the character of classification for the hull. At the special survey, the vessel is thoroughly examined, including audio-gauging to determine the thickness of the steel structures. Should the thickness be found to be less than class requirements, the classification society would prescribe steel renewals. The classification society may grant aone-year grace period for completion of the special survey. Substantial amounts of funds may have to be spent for steel renewals to pass a special survey if the vessel experiences excessive wear and tear. In lieu of the special survey, a vessel owner has the option of arranging with the classification society for the vessel’s machinery to be on a continuous survey cycle. This process is also referred to as continuous survey machinery. We have made arrangements with the classification societies for most of our vessels to be on a continuous survey cycle for machinery.

All of our oceangoing vessels are certified as being “in class.” For inland waterways navigation, class is not mandatory; although most insurance underwriters and oil major vetting department require class certificates (by a classification society which is a member of the International Association of Classification Societies). We were among the first owners operating in the Hidrovia Region offering barges and pushboats with class certificates. Presently, we have almost the complete inland fleet under class. For the inland fleet, the statutory certificates are issued directly by the flag authority.

Our inland fleet is subject to regularly scheduled drydocking and special surveys which are carried out up to every six to seveneight years. Currently, our inland fleet is scheduled for intermediate surveys and special surveys as follows: Special Drydock every sevensix years for pushboats and every eight years for barges and Afloat Intermediate Inspection in the middle of each seven-year period.six for pushboats and every two years for barges. All areas subject to survey as defined by the classification society are required to be surveyed at least once per class period, unless shorter intervals between surveys are prescribed elsewhere. Most oceangoing vessels are also drydocked every 30 to 36 months for inspection of the underwater parts and for repairs related to inspections.

River units are only drydocked up to every seveneight years for inspection of the underwater parts and for repairs related to inspections. If any defects are found, the classification surveyor will issue a “recommendation” which must be rectified by the vessel owner within prescribed time limits.

SIRE Inspections

One of the most significant safety initiatives to be introduced by the OCIMF, an oil industry trade group focusing on the promotion of safety and pollution prevention from tankers and at oil terminals, is the Ship Inspection Report Program (SIRE). This program was originally launched in 1993 to specifically address concerns about substandard shipping. The SIRE Program is a unique tanker risk assessment tool of value to charterers, ship operators, terminal operators and government bodies concerned with ship safety.

The SIRE system is a very large database ofup-to-date information about tankers. Essentially, SIRE has focused tanker industry awareness on the importance of meeting satisfactory tanker quality and ship safety standards. Since its introduction, the SIRE Program has received industry-wide acceptance and participation by both OCIMF members, SIRE Program participants and by ship operators. The expansion of barges and small vessels into SIRE was inaugurated in late 2004. Since its introduction, more than 170,000 inspection reports have been submitted to SIRE. Currently, there are over 22,500 reports on over 8,000 vessels for inspections that have been conducted in the last 12 months. On average, program recipients access the SIRE database at a rate of more than 8,000 reports per month.

The SIRE program requires a uniform inspection protocol that is predicated by the following:

These features have been established to make the program more uniform and user friendly and to provide a level of transparency unique in the marine transportation industry.

SIRE has established itself as a major source of technical and operational information to prospective charterers and other program users. Its increasing use corresponds with oil industry efforts to better ascertain whether vessels are well managed and maintained.

Inspection reports are maintained on the index for a period of 12 months from the date of receipt and are maintained on the database for two years. SIRE inspection reports for our tankers are available on the database.

SIRE access is available, at a nominal cost, to OCIMF members, bulk oil terminal operators, port authorities, canal authorities, and oil, power, industrial or oil trader companies that charter tankers and barges as a normal part of their business. It is also available, free of charge, to governmental bodies which supervise safety and/or pollution prevention in respect of oil tankers/barges (e.g., port state control authorities, etc).

Inspection by Oil Major Vetting Departments

For the past several years the oil majors have created their own vetting departments in order to carry out their own surveys. These surveys are made by their own or external surveyors with SIRE I accreditation. Some oil majors have requirements that exceed the IMO and OCIMF requirements. YPF, for example, mandates the

use of an IGS (Inert Gas System) for vessels below 20,000 dwt carrying clean products that have a flash point below 60 degrees Celsius. This requirement requires us to install IGSs in our vessels, although not compulsory under international regulations. We have successfully satisfied the operational, safety, environmental and technical vetting criteria of Axion Energy, YPF and Petrobras, and have qualified to do business with them. For Axion Energy, we have been successfully vetted for oceangoing and coastal trade and for single operations. For YPF and Petrobras, we have been successfully vetted for oceangoing trade.

TMSA Program

OCIMF’s Tanker Management and Self Assessment (“TMSA”) program was introduced in 2004 as a tool to help vessel operators assess, measure and improve their management systems. The TMSA program has been expanded to encompass all tank vessel operators, including those managing coastal vessels and barges. The

program encourages vessel operators to assess their safety management systems against listed key performance indicators and provides best practice guidance to minimize the possibility of problems reoccurring. Becausenon-SOLAS vessels are not subject to the ISM Code, operators of such vessels may use this guide as a tool to measure and improve their operations. A company that incorporates the guidelines contained in the TMSA into their management system may be considered as having an active assessment process, even if not being inspected under the SIRE scheme or having ISM as a management system. Vessel operators can use their assessment results to develop a phased improvement plan that improves safety and environmental performance. Although the TMSA program provides guidance, responsibility for vessel operations, and distribution of this data, lies exclusively with the vessel operator. The TMSA program builds upon the ISM Code and can provide valuable feedback to the charterer on the effectiveness of the vessel operator’s management system. Beginning this year OCIMF upgrade the present TMSA 2 to the TMSA 3 version that we are under implementation process.

Risk of Loss and Liability Insurance

General

The operation of any cargo vessel includes significant risks, such as perils of navigable waters, mechanical failure of the vessel, physical damage suffered by the vessel due to explosion, fire or collision, the loss of property on board, loss or damage to cargo, business interruption, hostilities, crew and third party accidents, labor strikes, etc. In addition, there is always an inherent possibility of marine disasters like oil spillages and other environmental mishaps arising from owning and operating vessels in the international trade. Despite potential risks out of the scope of the current coverage, we believe that our present insurance set of coverage is adequate and represents the average insurance level of any well-known maritime company. We contract with high-quality insurance companies that are leaders in the industry.

Hull and Machinery and War Risk Insurances

We have marine hull and machinery and war risk insurance, which provides coverage for partial damage arising from mechanical failure (tugs and vessels only), fire, explosion, stranding, collision and grounding, as well as in case of actual or constructive total loss, for all the fleet. Each of the owned vessels is covered according to inland industry standards. Coverage is placed at Lloyd’s market.

Protection and Indemnity Insurance

Protection and indemnity (“P&I”) insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, also known as P&I Clubs. This insurance covers third-party liabilities in connection with its shipping activities. P&I insurance is intended to cover a range of incidents, including, but not limited to, third-party liability and other related expenses arising from injury, illness or death of crew and other third parties, the loss of or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to third-party property, such as buoys, piers or bridges, pollution liabilities arising from oil or other substances, towage liabilities or wreck removal of the insured unit. Coverage is provided in accordance with the association’s rules and the members terms of entry

subject to a limit of such sums as are provided by the International Group’s reinsurance and overspill arrangements in force at that time but currently not less than $3.1 billion for each accident or occurrence except for oil pollution liabilities which are limited to $1.0 billion for each accident or occurrence. The 13 P&I associations that comprise the International Group insure approximately 95% of the world’s commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association’s liabilities. As a member of a P&I association, which is a member of the International Group, we are subject to calls payable to the associations based on our claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations, and members of the pool of P&I associations comprising the International Group.

Environmental Insurance for Port Activities

We maintain civil liability for environmental damage caused by certain port activities. Specifically concerning Uruguayan regulations applicable to Nueva Palmira dry plant, Uruguayan Decree No. 413/992 sets forth legal,

administrative, technical, and economic requirements to be met by companies providing port services, in order to qualify as such within the ports of Uruguay. Said companies must maintain a civil liability insurance covering claims and damages caused to individuals or the environment due to their service providing activities.

Uninsured Risks

Not all risks are insured and not all risks are insurable. The principal insurable risks, which nonetheless remain uninsured across our businessesbusiness are “loss of hire,” “off-hire,“off-hire,” “strikes,” “strikes”, “defense,” and “credit risk.”We do not insure against these risks because the costs are regarded as disproportionately high relative to the risks and/or such cover is not commercially beneficial or contractually necessary. The loss of hire or strike insurances provide, subject to a deductible, a limited indemnity for hire that would not be receivable by the shipowner for reasons set forth in such policies. Should a vessel on time charter, where the vessel is paid a fixed hireday-by-day, suffer a serious mechanical breakdown, the daily hire will no longer be payable by the charterer. The purpose of the loss of hire insurance is to secure the loss of hire during such periods. In the case of strike insurance, if a vessel is being paid a fixed sum to perform a voyage and the ship becomes strike-bound at a loading or discharging port, or the crew of the vessel goes on strike, the insurance covers the cost of running the vessel during such periods. We maintain strike insurance for our dry and wet port terminal facilities. The defense cover is intended to pay the cost of defending a member’s position in a dispute related to a contract signed with third parties. For example, if a charter party is signed and for any reason the vessel is placed off hire, the cover pays the fees of lawyers defending the member’s position, but not the amount in dispute.

Risk Management

Risk management in the river and ports logistics industry involves balancing a number of factors in a cyclical and potentially volatile environment. Fundamentally, the challenge is to appropriately allocate capital to competing opportunities of owning or chartering vessels and in our port facilities. In part, this requires a view of the overall health of the market, as well as an understanding of capital costs and returns.

We seek to manage risk through a number of strategies, including vessel control strategies (chartering and ownership) and freight carriage. Our vessel control strategies include seeking the appropriate mix of owned vessels, long- and short-termchartered-in vessels, coupled with purchase options, when available, and spot charters. We also enter into CoAs, which gives us, subject to certain limitations, the flexibility to determine the means of getting a particular cargo to its destination. In our liquid port (Petrosan), our strategy involves the analysis of market opportunities in order to buy and sell refined petroleum products, and to manage the appropriate mix in storage of owned and third-party products.

Legal Proceedings

We areThe Company is subject to legal proceedings, claims and contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. When such amounts can be estimated and the contingency is probable, management accrues the corresponding liability. While the ultimate outcome of lawsuits or other proceedings against us cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe the costs, individually or in aggregate, of such actions will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company had a dispute with Vale regarding the termination date of a COA contract, which was under arbitration proceedings in New York. On February 10, 2017, a New York arbitration tribunal ruled in favor of Navios Logistics on this dispute with Vale and the latter was ordered to pay the Company $21.5 million, including all unpaid invoices, compensation for late payment of invoices, and reimbursement of legal fees incurred. The full amount had been received in March 2017.

On March 30, 2016, the Company received written notice from Vale stating that Vale will not be performing the service contract entered into between Corporacion Navios S.A. and Vale on September 27, 2013, relating to the

iron ore port facility currently under construction in Nueva Palmira, Uruguay. The Company initiated arbitration proceedings in London on June 10, 2016 pursuant to the dispute resolution provisions of the service contract. On December 20, 2016, a London arbitration tribunal ruled that the Vale port contract remains in full force and effect. If Vale were to further repudiate or renounce the contract, we may elect to terminate the contract and then would be entitled to damages calculated by reference to guaranteed volumes and agreed tariffs for the remaining period of the contract.

C. Organizational Structure

Navios Logistics maintains offices in Montevideo, Uruguay, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Asuncion, Paraguay, and Corumba, Brazil. Navios Logistics ownsholds the Nueva Palmira portrights to operate the ports and transfer facilityfacilities in Nueva Palmira indirectly through its Uruguayan subsidiary, CNSA, and owns the San Antonio port facility through its Paraguayan subsidiary, Petrosan.

The table below sets forth Navios Logistics’ current corporate structure.

Navios Logistics was incorporated as a Marshall Islands corporation on December 17, 2007 and its subsidiaries are listed below:

Subsidiaries included in the consolidation: