As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 26, 201930, 2020

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM20-F

OR

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBERFor the fiscal year ended December 31, 20182019

OR

OR

Commission file number:001-15256

Oi S.A. – In Judicial Reorganization

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Rua Humberto de Campos, 425

Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil22430-190

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Carlos Augusto Machado Pereira de Almeida BrandãoCamille Loyo Faria

Investor Relations Officer

Rua Humberto de Campos, 425

8º andar

Leblon, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil22430-190

Tel: +55 21 3131-2918

invest@oi.net.br

(Name, Telephone,E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Preferred Shares, without par value, each represented by American Depositary Shares

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

The total number of issued and outstanding shares of each class of stock of Oi S.A. – In Judicial Reorganization as of December 31, 20182019 was:

2,266,216,0245,764,447,760 common shares, without par value

155,915,486155,727,241 preferred shares, without par value

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes ☐☒    No ☒☐

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of RegulationS-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or anon-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  ☐☒    Acceleratedfiler  ☒☐    Non-accelerated filer  ☐

Emerging growth company  ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.    ☐ Item 17    ☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined inRule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes ☐    No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.    Yes ☒    No ☐

TABLE OF CONTENTS

i

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

All references herein to “real,” “reais” or “R$” are to the Brazilianreal, the official currency of Brazil. All references to “U.S. dollars,” “dollars” or “US$” are to U.S. dollars.

Financial Statements

We maintain our books and records inreais. Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, and the related notes thereto, which we refer to as our audited consolidated financial statements, are included in this annual report.

We have prepared our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or the IASB, under the assumption that we will continue as a going concern and in compliance with the legal requirements applicable to a judicial reorganization. Our audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 have been audited in accordance with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, standards.

The RJ Proceedings are aimed at ensuring the continuation of our company as a going concern. This continuity was strengthened with the approval of the RJ Plan and, as a result, the borrowings and financing were novated and the related balances were recalculated under the terms and conditions of the RJ Plan. The continuity of our company as a going concern is ultimately depending on the successful outcome of the RJ Proceedings and the realization of other forecasts of our company.

Our company has been successfully discharging the obligations set forth in the RJ Proceedings and even though there are no indications in this regard, we emphasize that these conditions and circumstances indicate, by their own nature, uncertainties that may affect the success of the RJ Proceedings and possibly cast doubts as to our ability to continue as a going concern. As at December 31, 2019 and after the implementation of the RJ Plan, total shareholders’ equity was R$17,797 million, loss for the year then ended was R$9,095 million, and working capital (consisting of current assets less current liabilities) totaled R$6,157 million. As at December 31, 2018 and after the recognition of the effects of the RJ Plan, total shareholders’ equity was R$22,896 million, profit for the year then ended was R$24,616 million, and working capital totaled R$10,624 million.

Since December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2, referred to as“COVID-19”) has spread throughout the world. On January 31, 2020, the World Health Organization announced thatCOVID-19 was a global health emergency and on March 3, 2020, the World Health Organization categorizedCOVID-19 as a pandemic.

As of the date of this annual report, we have not been able to quantify any material impacts related toCOVID-19 and it is too soon to accurately determine the extent of its medium- and long-term impacts on the global and Brazilian economic scenarios. However, as it is not possible yet to predict the duration and effects of this crisis, there is a risk of material impacts on our operations and sales, particularly ourfiber-to-the-home network expansion. For more details see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Potential Effects of theCOVID-19 Pandemic.”

Additionally, our debt instruments with BNDES contain financial covenants that require Oi to maintain five specified financial ratios, measured on a quarterly basis. Under these debt instruments, BNDES has the right to accelerate the debt if, at the date the financial covenants are tested, we are not in compliance with any two of these ratios. At December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with these financial covenants.

As a result of the depreciation of thereal subsequent to December 31, 2019, partially due to theCOVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures adopted to combat the pandemic in Brazil and internationally, and the related effects on our U.S. dollar-denominated indebtedness and interest expenses, we believed that it was probable that as of March 31, 2020, we would not be in compliance with more than one of these financial ratios. In anticipation of these ratio breaches, on March 30, 2020 we obtained a waiver from BNDES.

For our fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, we included financial statements prepared under IFRS as part of our annual report on Form20-F, applying IFRS 1, “First-time Adoption of International Reporting Standards,” considering that our previous primary GAAP was Brazilian GAAP and that January 1, 2009 was the date of transition to IFRS. Consequently, as we are not an IFRS first-time adopter, we have included a reconciliation from U.S. GAAP to IFRS for the comparative balance sheet (i.e., as of December 31, 2018) and comparative income statement periods preceding the most recent fiscal year (i.e., for the year ended December 31, 2018) in our audited consolidated financial statements to present the changes in the basis of presentation.

We are also required to prepare financial statements in accordance with accounting practices adopted in Brazil, or Brazilian GAAP, which are based on:

Certain Defined Terms

General

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references to:

Judicial Reorganization

The following defined terms relate to our global judicial reorganization. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Our Recent History and Development—Our Judicial Reorganization Proceedings.” Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references to:

Financial Restructuring

In June 2016, after considering the challenges arising from our economic and financial situation in connection with the maturity schedule of our financial debts, the threats to our cash flows represented by imminent attachments or freezing of assets in judicial lawsuits, and the urgent need to adopt measures that protect our company, we concluded that filing of a request for judicial reorganization (recuperação judicial) in Brazil would be the most appropriate course of action (1) to preserve the continuity of our offering of quality services to our customers, within the rules and commitments undertaken with ANATEL, (2) to preserve the value of our company, (3) to maintain the continuity of our operations and corporate activities in an organized manner that protects the interests of our company, customers, shareholders and other stakeholders, and (4) to protect our cash and cash equivalents.

On June 20, 2016, Oi, together with the other RJ Debtors, filed a joint voluntary petition for judicial reorganization pursuant to the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law with the RJ Court, pursuant to an urgent measure approved by our board of directors.

On December 19 and 20, 2017, a GCM was held to consider approval of the RJ Plan. This GCM concluded on December 20, 2017 following the approval of the RJ Plan reflecting amendments to the RJ Plan presented at this GCM as negotiated during the course of this GCM.

On January 8, 2018, the RJ Court entered the Brazilian Confirmation Order, ratifying and confirming the RJ Plan, according to its terms, but modifying certain provisions of the RJ Plan. The Brazilian Confirmation Order was published in the Official Gazette of the State of Rio de Janeiro on February 5, 2018, the Brazilian Confirmation Date.

The Brazilian Confirmation Order, according to its terms, is binding on all parties as long as its effects are not stayed. By operation of the RJ Plan and the Brazilian Confirmation Order, the unsecured claims against the RJ Debtors have been novated and discharged under Brazilian law and holders of such claims have received the recoveries set forth in the RJ Plan in exchange for their claims in accordance with the terms and conditions of the RJ Plan. For more information regarding the RJ Proceedings, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Our Recent History and Development—Our Judicial Reorganization Proceedings.”

During 2018, the restructuring of the RJ Debtor’s financial debt in accordance with the applicable terms and conditions set forth in the RJ Plan was concluded.

In January 2019, we completed a preemptive offering of Common Shares as contemplated by Section 6 of the RJ Plan under which we issued and sold 3,225,806,451 Common Shares for an aggregate purchase price of R$4,000 million.

The Brazilian Bankruptcy Law provides that the RJ Proceedings and the judicial supervision of the RJ Debtors may be terminated on the second anniversary of the Brazilian Confirmation Date if the RJ Court determines that all obligations provided for in the RJ Plan have been satisfied based on the analysis of compliance with the RJ Plan.

On December 6, 2019, we filed a petition with the RJ Court requesting that the judicial supervision of the RJ Debtors not be terminated on February 5, 2020, the second anniversary of the Brazilian Confirmation Date, in order to allow us to continue to execute the RJ Plan and remain focused on our strategic transformation. Notwithstanding the conclusion of the restructuring of the RJ Debtor’s financial debt in accordance with the applicable terms and conditions set forth in the RJ Plan, we presented to the RJ Court circumstances related to the complexity inherent to the magnitude of the RJ Proceedings and the ongoing reforms in the legal-regulatory environment, which we believe require additional measures yet to be implemented under the RJ Proceedings.

On February 27, 2020, we filed a petition with the RJ Court requesting that we be permitted to submit to our creditors for their consideration and deliberation at a new general creditors’ meeting a proposed amendment to the RJ Plan designed to achieve greater operational and financial flexibility for our company to continue with investments and the fulfillment of our strategic plan. At the new general creditors’ meeting, only creditors of the RJ Debtors that held credits and had voting rights at the time of the original GCM and who continued to hold an interest in the debt obligations or equity securities of the RJ Debtors on February 27, 2020 will be entitled to vote.

On March 6, 2020, the RJ Court issued a decision granting our request to hold a new general creditors’ meeting to deliberate on a proposed amendment to the RJ Plan. The RJ Court required that:

We intend to seek to amend the RJ Plan in order to facilitate asset sales contemplated by our strategic plan, including the potential sale of our mobile business and the proposed sales of othernon-core assets. We continue to discuss the terms of the proposed amendment with various constituencies of our company and can provide no assurances with respect to the specific terms of the proposed amendment that will be presented to the RJ Court.

Market Share and Other Information

We make statements in this annual report about our market share and other information relating to the telecommunications industry in Brazil. We have made these statements on the basis of information obtained from third-party sources and publicly available information that we believe are reliable, such as information and reports from ANATEL, among others. Notwithstanding any investigation that we may have conducted with respect to the market share, market size or similar data provided by third parties or derived from industry or general publications, we assume no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any such information.

Rounding

We have made rounding adjustments to reach some of the figures included in this annual report. As a result, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains forward-looking statements. Some of the matters discussed concerning our business operations and financial performance include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, or the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or that include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates” and similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, these statements are subject to several risks and uncertainties and are made in light of information currently available to us.

Many important factors could cause our actual results to differ substantially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements, including, among other things:

Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and our actual results or other developments may differ materially from the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements. As for forward-looking statements that relate to future financial results and other projections, actual results will be different due to the inherent uncertainty of estimates, forecasts and projections. Because of these uncertainties, potential investors should not rely on these forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

PART I

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Selected Financial Information

The following selected financial data have been derived from our consolidated financial statements. The selected financial data as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. The selected financial data as of December 31, 2017 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements that are not included in this annual report. We have not included selected financial data as of or for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 as such information cannot be provided on a restated basis without unreasonable effort or expense.

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Presentation of Financial and Other Information.”

Oi has not paid any dividends and/or interest attributable to shareholders’ equity since January 1, 2014.

		As of December 31,
		2019				2018				2017
		(in millions ofreais)
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		R$	2,082			R$	4,385			R$	6,863
Short-term investments			184				202				21
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts			6,335				6,517				7,367
Assets held for sale			4,391				4,923				4,675
Total current assets			17,993				21,313				23,748
Property, plant and equipment, net			38,911				28,426				26,989
Non-current judicial deposits			6,651				7,019				8,290
Intangible assets, net			3,998				6,948				8,351
Total assets			71,892				65,438				68,639
Short-term borrowings and financing (including current portion of long-term debt)			326				673				54,515
Short-term leases payables			1,510				—				—
Short-term trade payables			4,794				5,024				4,924
Liabilities of assets held for sale			494				527				354
Total current liabilities			11,836				10,689				67,892
Long-term borrowings and financing			17,900				15,777				—
Long-term leases payables			6,640				—				—
Total liabilities			54,095				42,542				82,152
Share capital			32,539				32,038				21,438
Shareholders’ equity			17,797				22,896				(13,513	)

Risk Factors

You should consider the following risks as well as the other information set forth in this annual report when evaluating an investment in our company. In general, investing in the securities of issuers in emerging market countries, such as Brazil, involves a higher degree of risk than investing in the securities of issuers in the United States. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or those that we currently deem to be immaterial, may also materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Any of the following risks could materially affect us. In such case, the market price of the Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs could be adversely affected.

Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry and Regulatory Environment

The Brazilian telecommunications industry is highly regulated. Changes to these regulations have and may continue to adversely impact our business.

The Brazilian telecommunications industry is highly regulated by ANATEL. ANATEL regulates, among other things, rates, quality of service and universal service goals, as well as competition among telecommunications service providers. Changes in laws and regulations, grants of new concessions, authorizations or licenses or the imposition of additional universal service obligations, among other factors, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry.”

We cannot predict whether ANATEL or the Brazilian government will adopt these or other telecommunications sector policies in the future, or the consequences of such policies on our business or the business of our competitors. In the event that any modification of the regulatory scheme or new regulations applicable to our company are adopted that increase the costs of compliance to our company, whether through capital expenditure requirements, increased service requirements, increased costs for renewal of our authorizations and licenses, increased exposure to regulatory penalties or otherwise, these modifications and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our concession agreements and authorizations contain certain obligations, and our failure to comply with these obligations may result in various fines and penalties being imposed on us by ANATEL.

Our local fixed-line and domestic long-distance concession agreements in Brazil contain terms reflecting the General Plan of Universal Service Goals (Plano Geral de Metas de Universalização), or the PGMU, the Quality Management Regulations (Regulamento de Gestão da Qualidade), or the RGQ, which was adopted by ANATEL in June 2013, and was partially superseded by the Quality of Telecommunications Services Regulation (Regulamento de Qualidade dos Serviços de Telecomunicações), or the RQUAL, in December 2019, and other regulations adopted by ANATEL, the terms of which could affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our local fixed-line concession agreements in Brazil also require us to meet certain network expansion, quality of service and modernization obligations in each of the Brazilian states in our service areas. In the event of noncompliance with ANATEL targets in any one of these states, ANATEL can establish a deadline for achieving the targeted level of such service, impose penalties and, in extreme situations, terminate the applicable concession agreement for noncompliance with our quality and universal service obligations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Fixed-Line Telephone Services.”

In addition, our authorizations to provide personal mobile services contain certain obligations requiring us to meet network scope and quality of service targets. If we fail to meet these obligations, we may be fined by ANATEL until we are in full compliance with our obligations and, in extreme circumstances, our authorizations could be revoked by ANATEL. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Mobile Telephone Services.”

On an almost weekly basis, we receive inquiries from ANATEL requiring information from us on our compliance with the various service obligations imposed on us by our concession agreements. If we are unable to respond satisfactorily to those inquiries or comply with our service obligations under our concession agreements, ANATEL may commence administrative proceedings in connection with such noncompliance. We have received numerous notices of commencement of administrative proceedings from ANATEL, mostly due to our inability to achieve certain targets established in the PGMU and the RGQ. For more information, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Civil Claims Relating to Oi S.A. and Our Brazilian Operations—Administrative Proceedings.”

Our concession agreements in Brazil are subject to periodic modifications by ANATEL, and we cannot assure you that the modifications to these concession agreements will not have adverse effects on our company.

We provide fixed-line telecommunications services in our Brazilian service areas pursuant to concession agreements with the Brazilian government. These concession agreements expire on December 31, 2025 and may be amended by the parties every five years prior to the expiration date. In connection with each five-year amendment, ANATEL has the right, following public consultations, to impose new terms and conditions in response to changes in technology, competition in the marketplace and domestic and international economic conditions. Under their existing terms, our concession agreements may be amended by December 2020 at the latest.

We cannot assure you that any future amendments to our concession agreements will not impose requirements on our company that will require us to undertake significant capital expenditures or will not modify the rate-setting procedures applicable to us in a manner that will significantly reduce the net operating revenue that we generate from our Brazilian fixed-line businesses. If the amendments to our Brazilian concession agreements have these effects, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to convert our concessions into authorizations or renew our concessions in a timely or cost-effective manner.

On October 3, 2019, the President of Brazil signed Law No. 13,879, which amended the Brazilian General Telecommunications Law (Lei Geral das Telecomunicações), or the General Telecommunications Law, to allow, among other things, providers of fixed-line telecommunications services operating under a concession in the public regime to convert their concessions into authorizations to operate in the private regime and thereby eliminate a number of obligations currently imposed by the concession regime. In exchange, providers may be required to assume obligations to make additional investments in their networks, primarily related to the expansion of broadband services. The cost of the additional investments in exchange for the elimination of such obligations, would be subject to discussion between the parties, with ANATEL having the ability to make the final valuation. In addition, the new law permits providers to renew their concession for indefinite additional20-year periods, whereas previously only one20-year renewal period was allowed, provided that at least 30 months prior to each expiration date, the providers have complied with the obligations required of them under the applicable concession. Prior to the passage of Law No. 13,879, our concession agreements would have expired in 2025 without the possibility of renewal. In February 2020, ANATEL proposed regulations to implement Law No. 13,879, including the rules that will govern the conversion of concessions into authorizations. These proposed regulations are subject to a public consultation period that is expected to expire on April 23,30, 2020. We cannot predict when and to what extent these regulations will be adopted. Once these regulations are adopted, we expect that we will be able to migrate our public regime concessions into private-regime authorizations or renew our concessions, which would otherwise expire on December 31, 2025. However, as of the date of this annual report, we have not decided which option to pursue and cannot predict the cost of pursuing any of these options. For more information about Law No. 13,879, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Public Regime—Amendments to the General Telecommunications Law” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Fixed-Line Telephone Services.”

If we are not able to convert our concessions into authorizations or renew our concessions prior to the expiration of our existing concessions, we may be able to participate in competitive auctions for new concessions that the Brazilian government may choose to conduct. However, our existing fixed-line and domestic long-distance concession agreements will not entitle us to preferential treatment in these auctions, and we may not be able to secure new concessions for our existing service areas in any future auctions or such concessions may be on less favorable terms than our current concessions. In such cases, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

The mobile telecommunications industry and participants in this industry, including us, may be required to adopt an extensive program of field measurements of radio frequency emissions and be subject to further regulation and/or claims based on concerns regarding potential health problems and interfere with medical devices.

Media and other entities have suggested that the electromagnetic emissions from mobile handsets and base stations may cause health problems. If consumers harbor health-related concerns, they may be discouraged from using mobile handsets. These concerns could have an adverse effect on the mobile telecommunications industry and, possibly, expose mobile services providers to litigation. We cannot assure you that further medical research and studies will refute a link between the electromagnetic emissions of mobile handsets and base stations, including on frequency ranges we use to provide mobile services, and these health concerns. Government authorities could increase regulation on electromagnetic emissions of mobile handsets and base stations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The expansion of our network may be affected by these perceived risks if we experience problems in finding new sites, which, in turn, may delay the expansion and may affect the quality of our services.

In July 2002, ANATEL enacted regulations that limit emission and exposure for fields with frequencies between 9 kHz and 300 GHz. In May 2009, Law No. 11,934 was enacted, which established the need for field measurements by telecommunications service providers of all radio-communication transmitting stations every five years with respect to emission and exposure to these fields. In September 2018, ANATEL published Resolution No. 700/2018, a regulation pursuant to Law No. 11,934 that makes field measurements mandatory by telecommunication service providers of all radio-communication transmission stations every five years beginning in 2019. In January 2019, ANATEL passed Act No. 458/2019 regarding the technical requirements of Resolution No. 700/2018. However, Act No. 458/2019 is not yet in full force because the measurement parameters have not yet been defined, and ANATEL has had difficulties implementing internal systems to monitor compliance. We are still evaluating the scope of the technical and financial impact of these new regulations on our company, as ANATEL has not yet defined all of the relevant technical requirements related to these regulations as of the date of this annual report.

Companies in the Brazilian telecommunication industry, including us, may be harmed by restrictions regarding the installation of new antennas for mobile services.

As of the date of this annual report, there are approximately 250 municipal laws in Brazil that limit the installation of new antennas for mobile service, which has been a barrier to the expansion of mobile networks. Those laws are meant to regulate issues related to zoning and the alleged effects of the radiation and radiofrequencies of the antennas. The federal law, that establishes new guidelines to create a consolidated plan for the installation of antennas was approved in 2015, however, it is still pending specific regulation. Despite the federal initiative, as long as the municipal laws remain unchanged, the risk of noncompliance with regulations and of having services of limited quality in certain areas continues to exist, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Additional antenna installation is also limited as a result of concerns that radio frequency emissions from base stations may cause health problems. See “—The mobile telecommunications industry and participants in this industry, including us, may be required to adopt an extensive program of field measurements of radio frequency emissions and be subject to further regulation and/or claims based on concerns regarding potential health problems and interfere with medical devices.”

The telecommunications industry is subject to frequent changes in technology. Our ability to remain competitive depends on our ability to implement new technology, and it is difficult to predict how new technology will affect our business.

Companies in the telecommunications industry must adapt to rapid and significant technological changes that are usually difficult to anticipate. The mobile telecommunications industry in particular has experienced rapid and significant technological development and frequent improvements in capacity, quality and data-transmission speed. We expect that new products and technologies will emerge and that existing products and technologies will be further developed. For example, ANATEL is expected to conduct auctions for radiofrequencies in the 5G spectrum during 2020. The advent of new products and technologies could have a variety of consequences. Our future success depends on our ability to anticipate and adapt in a timely manner to technological changes. Technological changes may render our equipment, services and technology obsolete or inefficient, which may adversely affect our competitiveness or require us to increase our capital expenditures in order to maintain our competitive position. These new products and technologies may reduce the price of our services by providing lower-cost alternatives and the creation of new digital services.

For example, personal mobility service providers in Brazil are experiencing increasing competition fromover-the-top, or OTT, providers, which provide content (such as WhatsApp, Skype and YouTube) over an internet connection rather than through a service provider’s network. OTT providers are becoming increasingly competitive as customers shift from mobile voice and SMS communications to internet-based voice and data communications through computers and smartphone or tablet applications. In addition, as providers of fixed and mobile telecommunications services, we face more legal, regulatory and tax barriers than providers of OTT services, increasing our costs in relation to these provides and preventing us from being able to fully compete with them.

We may not obtain the expected benefits of our investments if more advanced technologies are adopted by the market. Even if we adopt new technologies in a timely manner as they are developed, the cost of such technology may exceed the benefit to us, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our level of competitiveness.

Our operations depend on our ability to maintain, upgrade and operate efficiently our accounting, billing, customer service, information technology and management information systems and to rely on the systems of other carriers underco-billing agreements.

Our success largely depends on the continued and uninterrupted performance of our controls, network technology systems and of certain hardware. Our technical infrastructure (including our network infrastructure for mobile telecommunications services) is vulnerable to damage or interruption from information and telecommunication technology failures, power loss, floods, windstorms, fires, terrorism, intentional wrongdoing, human error and similar events. Our controls are dependent, not exclusively, on these technological systems and are also subject to interruptions and failures. Unanticipated problems with our controls, or at our facilities, system failures, hardware or software failures, computer viruses or hacker attacks could affect the quality of our services and cause service interruptions. Any of these occurrences could result in reduced user traffic and reduced revenue and could harm our levels of customer satisfaction, our reputation and compliance with certain of our regulatory obligations.

Sophisticated information and processing systems are vital to our growth and our ability to monitor costs, render monthly invoices for services, process customer orders, provide customer service and achieve operating efficiencies. We cannot assure you that we will be able to operate successfully and upgrade our accounting, information and processing systems or that these systems will continue to perform as expected. We have entered intoco-billing agreements with each long-distance telecommunications service provider that is interconnected to our networks in Brazil to include in our invoices the long-distance services rendered by these providers, and these providers have agreed to include charges owed to us in their invoices. Any failure in our accounting, information and processing systems, or any problems with the execution of invoicing and collection services by other carriers with whom we haveco-billing agreements, could impair our ability to collect payments from customers and respond satisfactorily to customer needs, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face various cyber-security risks that, if not adequately addressed, could have an adverse effect on our business.

We face various cyber-security risks that could result in business losses, including but not limited to contamination (whether intentional or accidental) of our networks and systems by third parties with whom we exchange data, equipment failures or unauthorized access to and loss of confidential customer, employee and/or proprietary data by persons inside or outside of our organization. We are also exposed to cyber attacks causing systems degradation or service unavailability, the penetration of our information technology systems and platforms byill-intentioned third parties, and infiltration of malware (such as computer viruses) into our systems.

The risks of cyber attacks has been exacerbated as a result of measures that we have adopted to combat theCOVID-19 pandemic, principally the institution of a “work-from-home” policy for our employees. Because our managers and employees have access to our information systems from their remote locations, the demands on our security systems have increased. Although we have implemented measures to prevent unauthorized access to our systems through the compromise of these remote access points, we cannot assure you that perpetrators of cyber attacks will be prevented from accessing our information systems in all cases.

Cyber attacks against companies have increased in frequency, scope and potential harm in recent years. Further, the perpetrators of cyber attacks are not restricted to particular groups or persons. These attacks may be committed by company employees or third parties operating in any region, including jurisdictions where law enforcement measures to address such attacks are unavailable or ineffective. We may not be able to successfully protect our operational and information technology systems and platforms against such threats. Further, as cyber attacks continue to evolve, we may incur significant costs in the attempt to modify or enhance our protective measures or investigate or remediate any vulnerability.

The inability to operate our networks and systems as a result of cyber attacks, even for a limited period of time, may result in significant expenses to us and/or a loss of market share to other telecommunications providers. The costs associated with a major cyber attack could include expensive incentives offered to existing customers and business partners to retain their business, increased expenditures on cyber-security measures and the use of alternate resources, lost revenues from business interruption and litigation. If we are unable to adequately address these cyber-security risks, our operating network and information systems could be compromised, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Company

Our debt instruments contain covenants that could restrict our financing and operating flexibility and have other adverse consequences.

As of December 31, 2019, we had total outstanding borrowings and financing of R$31,642 million, excluding the fair value adjustment to our borrowings and financing and debt issuance costs, and R$18,227 million, after giving effect to the fair value adjustment and debt issuance costs. In addition, in February 2020, an investor subscribed to an aggregate amount of R$2,500 million of Oi Mobile’snon-convertible debentures. We are subject to certain financial covenants under the instruments that govern our indebtedness that limit our ability to incur additional debt. The level of our consolidated indebtedness and the requirements and limitations imposed by these debt instruments could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. In particular, the terms of some of these debt instruments restrict or may restrict our ability, and the ability of our subsidiaries, to:

These covenants could limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or to meet our operational or capital needs, which could reduce future net operating revenue and adversely affect our cash flows and profitability. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and we may have to curtail some operations to maintain compliance. As of December 31, 2019, we were in full compliance with our financial covenants under our financial instruments.

In addition, the failure of Oi and our restricted subsidiaries to comply with these covenants could result in a default under our debt agreements, which could permit the holders to accelerate our obligation to repay the debt and may be cross-defaulted to other debt. Our assets or cash flow may not be sufficient to fully repay borrowings under our outstanding debt agreements if accelerated upon an event of default, and there is no guarantee that we would be able to repay, refinance or restructure the payments on those debt agreements.

Furthermore, our debt instruments with BNDES contain financial covenants that require Oi to maintain five specified financial ratios, measured on a quarterly basis. Under these debt instruments, BNDES has the right to accelerate the debt if, at the date the financial covenants are tested, we are not in compliance with any two of these ratios. At December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with these financial covenants. As a result of the depreciation of thereal subsequent to December 31, 2019, partially due to theCOVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures adopted to combat the pandemic in Brazil and internationally, and the related effects on our U.S. dollar-denominated indebtedness and interest expenses, we believed that it was probable that as of March 31, 2020, we would not be in compliance with more than one of these financial ratios. In anticipation of these ratio breaches, on March 30, 2020 we obtained a waiver from BNDES. The cross-default or cross-acceleration clauses in the instruments governing our other indebtedness (other than Oi Mobile’snon-convertible debentures) provide that an event of default under our debt instruments with BNDES do not trigger an event of default under our other indebtedness or enable the creditors under other indebtedness to accelerate that indebtedness.

Under the RJ Plan, until February 5, 2023, we are required to apply an amount equivalent to 100% of the net revenue from our sale of assets in excess of US$200 million to investments in our activities. Beginning on February 5, 2024, we are required to allocate to the repayment of debt instruments representing recoveries under the RJ Plan on an annual basis an amount equivalent to 70% of the amount by which (1) our cash and cash equivalents and financial investments at the end of each fiscal year exceeds (2) the greater of (a) 25% of our operating expenses and capital expenses for that fiscal year, and (b) R$5,000 million, subject to adjustment in the event that we conclude any capital increases. The cash required to make these repayments will reduce the amount available to us to make capital expenditures.

The RJ Plan permits us to borrow up to R$2 billion under new export credit facilities, as described under “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” This debt may be denominated inreais or in foreign currencies. Accordingly, we may incur interest expenses and foreign exchange gains and losses in connection with this new debt. A significant increase in any of these interest rates could adversely affect our financial expenses and negatively affect our overall financial performance.

If the Brazilian Confirmation Order is overturned or modified, the RJ Debtors may be declared bankrupt under Brazilian law and liquidated.

On June 20, 2016, Oi, together with the other RJ Debtors, filed a joint voluntary petition for judicial reorganization pursuant to the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law with the RJ Court, pursuant to an urgent measure approved by our board of directors. On December 19 and 20, 2017, a GCM was held to consider approval of the most recently filed judicial reorganization plan. This GCM concluded on December 20, 2017 following the approval of the RJ Plan reflecting amendments to the judicial reorganization plan presented at this GCM as negotiated during the course of this GCM. On January 8, 2018, the RJ Court entered the Brazilian Confirmation Order, ratifying and confirming the RJ Plan. The Brazilian Confirmation Order was published in the Official Gazette of the State of Rio de Janeiro on February 5, 2018, the Brazilian Confirmation Date. For more information with respect to the RJ Proceedings, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Our Recent History and Development—Our Judicial Reorganization Proceedings.”

The Brazilian Confirmation Order, according to its terms, is currently binding on all parties, although it is subject to six pending appeals with no suspensive effect attributed to those appeals. By operation of the RJ Plan and the Brazilian Confirmation Order, provided that the Brazilian Confirmation Order is not overturned or altered as a result of the pending appeals filed against it by certain creditors, the unsecured claims against the RJ Debtors have been novated and discharged under Brazilian law and holders of such claims are entitled only to receive the recoveries set forth in the RJ Plan in exchange for their claims in accordance with the terms and conditions of the RJ Plan.

If the Brazilian Confirmation Order is overturned or modified and, as a result, the RJ Debtors are declared bankrupt, which under Brazilian law is generally followed by a liquidation of the debtors’ assets, the rights and guarantees of the creditors recognized by the RJ Court will be restored under the original terms as if the RJ Plan had never been approved, net of amounts validly received pursuant to the RJ Plan, in accordance with Brazilian Bankruptcy Law. A modification of the Brazilian Confirmation Order may lead to a breach of the RJ Plan by the RJ Debtors. In case of breach of the RJ Plan by the RJ Debtors, creditors will be entitled to (1) approve a modification to the RJ Plan at a meeting of creditors complying with the quorum requirements established in the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law, or (2) seek to have the RJ Debtors adjudicated as bankrupt by the RJ Court.

We are subject to numerous legal and administrative proceedings, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to numerous legal and administrative proceedings. It is difficult to quantify the potential impact of these legal and administrative proceedings. We classify our risk of loss from legal and administrative proceedings as “probable,” “possible” or “remote.” We make provisions for probable losses but do not make provisions for possible and remote losses.

As of December 31, 2019, we had provisioned R$5,252 million for probable losses relating to various tax, labor and civil legal and administrative proceedings against us. As of December 31, 2019, we had claims against us of R$28,416 million in tax proceedings, R$798 million in labor proceedings and R$1,668 million in civil proceedings with a risk of loss classified as “possible” for which we had made no provisions. We are not required to disclose or record provisions for proceedings in which our management judges the risk of loss to be remote. However, the amounts involved in certain of the proceedings in which we believe our risk of loss is remote could be substantial. Consequently, our losses could be significantly higher than the amounts for which we have recorded provisions.

If we are subject to unfavorable decisions in any legal or administrative proceedings and the losses in those proceedings significantly exceed the amount for which we have provisioned or involve proceedings for which we have made no provision, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. Even for the amounts recorded as provisions for probable losses, a judgment against us would have an effect on our cash flow if we are required to pay those amounts. Unfavorable decisions in these legal proceedings may, therefore, reduce our liquidity and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For a more detailed description of these proceedings, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

We have indemnification obligations with respect to the PT Exchange Agreement and the PT Portugal disposition that could materially adversely affect our financial position.

In the exchange agreement, or the PT Exchange Agreement, that we entered into with Pharol under which we transferred defaulted commercial paper of Rio Forte Investments S.A., or Rio Forte, to Pharol in exchange for the delivery to our company of Common Shares and Preferred Shares as described under “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—PT Option Agreement,” we agreed to indemnify Pharol against any loss arising from (1) Pharol’s contingent or absolute tax or anti-trust obligations in relation to the assets contributed to our company in the Oi capital increase in connection with which we acquired PT Portugal from Pharol in May 2014 and (2) Pharol’s management activities, with reference to acts or triggering events occurring on or prior to May 5, 2014, excluding any losses incurred by Pharol as a result of the financial investments in the Rio Forte commercial paper and the acquisition of the Rio Forte commercial paper from Oi under the PT Exchange Agreement.

In the share purchase agreement under which we sold PT Portugal in the PT Portugal disposition, we agreed to indemnify Altice Portugal for breaches of our representations and warranties under the share purchase agreement, subject to certain customary procedural and financial limitations. There can be no assurance that we will not be subject to significant claims under these indemnification provisions and if we are subject to such claims under these indemnification provisions, we could be required to pay significant amounts, which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

In the PT Ventures Share Purchase Agreement under which we sold PT Ventures to Sociedade Nacional de Combustíveis de Angola, Empresa Pública – Sonangol E.P., or Sonangol, we agreed to indemnify Sonangol for breaches of our representations and warranties under the PT Ventures Share Purchase Agreement, subject to certain customary procedural and financial limitations. There can be no assurance that we will not be subject to significant claims under these indemnification provisions and if we are subject to such claims under these indemnification provisions, we could be required to pay significant amounts, which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

We are subject to credit risks with respect to our customers. If we are unable to limit payment delinquencies by our customers, or if delinquent payments by our customers increase, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business significantly depends on our customers’ ability to pay their bills and comply with their obligations to us. During 2019, we recorded provisions for doubtful accounts in the amount of R$489 million, or 2.4% of our net operating revenue, primarily due to subscribers’ delinquencies. As of December 31, 2019, our provision for doubtful accounts was R$774 million.

ANATEL regulations allow us to implement certain policies to reduce customer defaults, such as service restrictions or limitations on the types of services provided based on a subscriber’s credit record. If we are unable to successfully implement policies to limit delinquencies of our Brazilian subscribers or otherwise select our customers based on their credit records, persistent subscriber delinquencies and bad debt will continue to adversely affect our operating and financial results.

In addition, if the Brazilian economy declines due to, among other factors, a reduction in the level of economic activity, an increase in inflation or an increase in domestic interest rates, a greater portion of our customers may not be able to pay their bills on a timely basis. For example, although do not have sufficient experience with the effects of the public health measures adopted in Brazil in response to theCOVID-19 pandemic to reliably estimate the quantitative effects of these measures, we expect that these public health measures will have significant impacts on the income and purchasing power of many of our subscribers, particularlylow-income subscribers and SMEs, some of whom may cease operations. Any increase in expected losses on trade receivables would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on key personnel and the ability to hire and retain additional personnel.

We believe that our success will depend on the continued services of our senior management team and other key personnel. Our management team is comprised of highly qualified professionals, with extensive experience in the telecommunications industry. The loss of the services of any of our senior management team or other key employees could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also depend on the ability of our senior management and key personnel to work effectively as a team.

Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, retain and motivate highly skilled technical, managerial, sales and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot guarantee that we will successfully attract, assimilate or retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel. Failure to retain and attract the necessary technical, managerial, sales and marketing and administrative personnel could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The outcome of Operation Mine Map, a criminal investigation being conducted by Brazilian authorities that involves historical agreements of our company with certain entities, and any further investigations that may be commenced related to these agreements, could have a material adverse effect on our company.

On December 10, 2019, the Brazilian Federal Police launched Operation Mine Map (OperaçãoMapa da Mina). One of the main targets of Operation Mine Map was Fábio da Silva, son of former president Luiz Ignácio Lula da Silva. The subject of the investigation includes payments made by us to two groups of companies, Gamecorp and Grupo Gol. Brazilian authorities allege that these payments were made in exchange for benefits from the Brazilian government. In connection with the investigation, our headquarters and some other buildings in the States of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and in Brasília were searched and documents were seized relating to our business with Gamecorp and Grupo Gol.

We have been cooperating with Brazilian authorities involved in Operation Mine Map and have provided information and documents. We have not been notified that we are a target of any investigation relating to Operation Mine Map. None of our current executive officers or members of our board of directors were involved in our historical relationships with Gamecorp and Grupo Gol.

We cannot predict when the Operation Mine Mapinvestigation will be completed or the results of such investigation, including whether any litigation or enforcement action will be brought against us or the outcome or impact of any resulting litigation or enforcement action, nor can we predict any potential actions that may be taken by the relevant authorities. Any adverse development in the Operation Mine Mapinvestigation could subject us to potential fines or penalties under applicable law, materially adversely affect our public reputation, and could have a material adverse effect on us, including: (1) threatening our ability to obtain new financing, which could impair our ability to operate our business; and (2) shifting management’s focus to these matters, which could harm our ability to meet our strategic objectives. Additionally, while we have taken, and are continuing to take, measures to enhance our compliance programs, which are intended to assist us in detecting and preventing bribery and corruption, there can be no assurance that these efforts will enable us to detect or prevent all such activities.

We could be adversely affected by violations of anti-corruption laws and regulations.

We are required to comply with Brazilian anti-corruption laws and regulations, including Brazilian Law No. 12,846/2013, or the Brazilian Anti-Corruption Law, as well as anti-corruption laws and regulations in other jurisdictions, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, or the FCPA.

The Brazilian Anti-Corruption Law, the FCPA and similar anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials or other persons for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in anti-corruption law enforcement activity, with more frequent and aggressive investigations and enforcement proceedings by both the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, increased enforcement activity bynon-U.S. regulators, and increases in criminal and civil proceedings brought against companies and individuals. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-corruption laws. We operate, through our businesses, in countries that are recognized as having governmental and commercial corruption. We cannot assure you that our internal control policies and procedures will protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees, the employees of any of our businesses, or third party intermediaries. In the event that we believe or have reason to believe that our employees or agents have or may have violated applicable anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA, we may be required to investigate or have outside counsel investigate the relevant facts and circumstances, which can be expensive and require significant time and attention from senior management. Violations of these laws may result in criminal or civil sanctions, inability to do business with existing or future business partners (either as a result of express prohibitions or to avoid the appearance of impropriety), injunctions against future conduct, profit disgorgements, disqualifications from directly or indirectly engaging in certain types of businesses, the loss of business permits or other restrictions which could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Risks Relating to Our Operations

We face significant competition in the Brazilian market and increasing competition from other services, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

We face increasing competition throughout Brazil from other telecommunications service providers in each of our core service businesses. In our Residential Services business, we compete with other fixed-line voice service providers, primarily Claro S.A., or Claro, a subsidiary of América Móvil S.A.B. de C.V., and Telefônica Brasil S.A., a subsidiary of Telefónica S.A., or Telefônica Brasil. In addition to Claro and Telefônica Brasil, our Residential Services business competes for broadband subscribers with a myriad of smaller local and regional broadband services providers. Finally, our Residential Services business competes forPay-TV broadband subscribers with Claro and SKY Brasil Serviços Ltda., or SKY, and Telefônica Brasil. In our Personal Mobility Services business, we compete with Telefônica Brasil, Claro, and TIM Participações S.A., a subsidiary of Telecom Italia S.p.A., or TIM. In our Business to Business, or B2B, Services business, we compete with all of these competitors for small- andmedium-sized enterprise, or SME, and corporate subscribers (including governmental entities) for our fixed-line and mobile services.

Our primary competitors, Telefônica Brasil, TIM and Claro are each controlled by multinational companies that may have more significant financial and marketing resources, and greater abilities to access capital on a timely basis and on more favorable terms, than our company.

As a result of competition from mobile services, we expect (1) the number of our fixed lines in service to continue to decline as some of our customers eliminate their fixed-line services in favor of mobile services, and (2) the use of existing fixed lines for making voice calls to decline, as customers replace fixed-line calls in favor of calls on mobile phones as a result of the emergence of“all-net” plans, which allow a customer to make calls to any fixed-line or mobile device of any operator for a flat monthly fee. The reduction in the number of our fixed lines in service has negatively affected and is likely to continue to negatively affect our net operating revenue and margins.

The primary drivers of competition in the broadband industry are stability and quality of the service, speed and price, with discounts typically offered in the form of bundled services. Claro and Telefônica Brasil each offer broadband services at higher speeds than ours and both offer integrated voice, broadband andPay-TV services, typically as bundles, to the residential services market through a single network infrastructure. In addition, an increasing number of small local and regional providers are competing in the broadband space offeringfiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, at competitive prices. Future offerings by our competitors that are aggressively priced or that offer additional services could have an adverse effect on our net operating revenue and our results of operations.

We offerPay-TV services throughout the regions in which we provide residential services. ThePay-TV market in Brazil has been facing a steady drop in the number of subscribers since 2015 as a result of the financial crisis, piracy, and an increase in the cord-cutting effect resulting from more widespread use of OTT services in Brazil, such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, HBO Go and others.

We and each of our principal competitors in the mobile telecommunications market offer Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), or 3G, and our Long Term Evolution (LTE), or 4G, mobile telecommunications network technology. Our competitors have a much larger coverage footprint (in terms of cities covered) than we do both in 3G and 4G. In addition, the cost of maintaining our revenue share in this market may increase and in the future we may incur higher advertising and other costs as we attempt to maintain or expand our market presence. As mobile interconnection, or MTR, tariffs have declined in recent years, a trend towards SIM card consolidation has developed, reversing the trend of customers using multiple SIM cards to participate inon-net calling plans offered by multiple service providers; this trend has resulted, and may continue to result in, a decline in the size of our customer base. Acquiring each additional personal mobility customer entails costs, including sales commissions and marketing costs. Recovering these costs depends on our ability to retain such customers. Therefore, high rates of customer churn could have a material adverse effect on the profitability of our Personal Mobility Services business. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the average monthly churn rate of our Personal Mobility Services business, representing the number of subscribers whose service was disconnected during each month, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, divided by the number of subscribers at the beginning of such month, was 3.28% per month. Our inability to compete effectively to maintain and increase our market share in this market could adversely affect our net operating revenue and profitability.

Our mobile subscribers are demanding higher quality and more data availability, which require higher investments in development, modernization, expansion and continuous improvement in service quality and customers’ experience. As discussed above, some of our competitors may have greater access to cheaper capital and the ability to invest in new technologies, including 4.5G and 700 MHz frequencies. Oi is the only operator in the market that does not have a license for the 700 MHz frequency.

As a result of the increased availability of 4G mobile network technology, there has been an increase in the use of OTT services in Brazil, including instant internet messaging and Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP, and services on smartphone applications such as Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp. OTT applications are often free of charge, other than for data usage, accessible by smartphones, tablets and computers and allow their users to have access to potentially unlimited messaging and voice services over the internet, bypassing more expensive traditional voice and messaging services such astwo-way short (or text) message services known as SMS, which have historically been, but are no longer a source of significant revenues. With the growing use of smartphones in Brazil, an increasing number of customers are using OTT application services as a substitute for traditional voice or SMS communications. As a result, we see the migration of traffic from voice to data and consequently the introduction of offers from almost all competitors of unlimited voice plans in their portfolio, accelerating the process of commoditization of voice service. These trends could have an adverse effect on the average revenue per unit, or ARPU, generated by our mobile customer base and our profitability.

TheCOVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Since December 2019,SARS-CoV-2, a novel strain of coronavirus referred to asCOVID-19, has spread throughout the world. On January 31, 2020, the World Health Organization announced thatCOVID-19 was a global health emergency and on March 3, 2020, the World Health Organization categorizedCOVID-19 as a pandemic. TheCOVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous deaths and the imposition of local, municipal and national governmental“shelter-in-place” and other public health measures, border closures and other travel restrictions, causing unprecedented economic disruption in much of the world, including in Brazil.

The local, national and international response to the virus is quickly developing, fluid and uncertain. During March and April of 2020, state, local and municipal authorities within Brazil promoted and enforced public health measures, including social isolation and quarantine measures, and have enacted regulations limiting the operations of“non-essential” businesses. Inmid-March 2020, Rio de Janeiro and other Brazilian states declared a state of emergency. Although the Brazilian government has determined that the telecom sector is an essential service, which allows us to continue our field maintenance activities without violating restrictions on movement that have generally been imposed to combat the pandemic, in accordance with the recommendations of the authorities, we transitioned a substantial majority of our employees to work from home.

Although we have devoted considerable resources to preventative measures in order to reduce the potential impacts of theCOVID-19 pandemic on our employees, business, service and operations, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective or that the pandemic will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, public health measures could affect our network quality in the event that our networks are unable to meet increased demand as a result of orders from the authorities that individuals stay at or work at home. In addition, sales of certain of our products and services, such as services offered throughdoor-to-door sales channels and sales made through our retail stores, will be reduced as a result of public health measures, which could negatively impact us. The impact of public health measures adopted in Brazil on the income and purchasing power of our subscribers, particularlylow-income subscribers and SMEs, some of whom may cease operations, could reduce their ability to pay us for services, which could result in a decline in our cash flows from operations and an increase in our expected losses on trade receivables. If any applicable governmental body imposes rules preventing our termination services as a result ofnon-payment, thus encouraging customer defaults on invoices, such measures are likely to result in a decline in our cash flows from operations and an increase in our expected losses on trade receivables. Finally, as a result of restrictions on certain activities, it is possible that our personnel may be unable to perform routine maintenance and installation activities, which could adversely affect our operations and sales. For more information about specific measures that we have adopted and potential impacts on our business operations, see “Item. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Potential Effects of theCOVID-19 Pandemic.”

We cannot predict the full effect of the pandemic on our business or on the Brazilian economy. Federal, state and municipal governments in Brazil may announce further restrictions on the general population and we cannot predict what effect this will have on our operations and sales in the long term. We cannot predict the duration of the pandemic, the effectiveness of governmental or other measures taken to attempt to curb the pandemic, or the duration of any such measures. In addition, following the pandemic and the termination of any such governmental restrictions, the needs and preferences of our customers may have been altered. None of the losses incurred or to be incurred by us as a result of theCOVID-19 pandemic, whether as a result of business interruption or inability to attract new customers, is covered by insurance currently held by us. As a result, any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be unable to implement our plans to expand and enhance our existing networks in Brazil in a timely manner or without unanticipated costs, which could hinder or prevent the successful implementation of our business plan and result in revenues and net income being less than expected.

Our business as a telecommunications services provider depends on our ability to maintain and expand our telecommunications services network. Our ability to achieve our strategic objectives depends in large part on the successful, timely and cost-effective implementation of our plans to expand and enhance our networks in Brazil. We believe that our expected growth will require, among other things:

We believe that these requirements will place significant demand on our managerial, operational and financial resources. Factors that could affect our implementation of our growth strategy include:

Although we believe that our cost estimates and implementation schedule are reasonable and have not been affected by factors relating to theCOVID-19 pandemic, we cannot assure you that the actual costs or time required to complete the implementation of these projects will not substantially exceed our current estimates, particularly if theCOVID-19 pandemic increases in severity or extends over a prolonged period of time. Any significant cost overrun or delay could hinder or prevent the successful implementation of our business plan and result in revenues and net income being less than expected. Failure to manage successfully our expected growth could reduce the quality of our services, with adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We make investments based on demand forecasts that may become inaccurate due to economic volatility and may result in revenues that are lower than expected.

We make certain investments, such as the procurement of materials and the development of our network infrastructure, based on our forecasts of the amount of demand that customers will have for our services at a later date. However, any major changes in the Brazilian economic scenario may affect this demand and therefore our forecasts may turn out to be inaccurate. For example, economic impacts of theCOVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures adopted in Brazil to combat this pandemic, economic crises that restrict credit to the population, and uncertainties relating to employment may result in a delay in the decision to acquire new products or services (such as broadband orPay-TV). As a result, it is possible that we may make larger investments based on demand forecasts than were necessary given actual demand at the relevant time, which may directly affect our cash flow.

Furthermore, improvements in economic conditions may have the opposite effect. For example, an increase in demand not accompanied by our investment in improved infrastructure may result in a possible loss of opportunity to increase our revenue or result in the degradation of the quality of our services.

We rely on strategic suppliers of equipment, materials and certain services necessary for our operations and expansion. If these suppliers fail to provide equipment, materials or services to us on a timely basis, we could experience disruptions, which could have an adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations.

We are in the process of vendor consolidation by using only on a few strategic and most representative technology suppliers around the world to provide us with equipment and materials that we need in order to expand and to operate our business in Brazil. In addition, we rely on a third-party provider of network maintenance services in certain regions where we operate. There are a limited number of suppliers with the capability of providing the mobile network equipment and fixed-line network platforms that our operations and expansion plans require or the services that we require to maintain our networks. In addition, because the supply of mobile network equipment and fixed-line network platforms requires detailed supply planning and this equipment is technologically complex, it would be difficult for our company to replace the suppliers of this equipment. Suppliers of cables that we need to extend and maintain our networks may suffer capacity constraints or difficulties in obtaining the raw materials required to manufacture these cables. As a result, we are exposed to risks associated with these suppliers, including restrictions of production capacity for equipment and materials, availability of equipment and materials, delays in delivery of equipment, materials or services, and price increases, many of which may be exacerbated by the effects of theCOVID-19 pandemic and public health measures in Brazil and internationally to combat the pandemic. If these suppliers or vendors fail to provide equipment, materials or services to us on a timely basis or otherwise in compliance with the terms of our contracts with these suppliers, we could experience disruptions or declines in the quality of our services, which could have an adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations, and we might be unable to satisfy the requirements contained in our concession and authorization agreements.

Certain essential equipment is subject to risks related to importation, and we acquire other essential equipment from a limited number of domestic suppliers, which may further limit our ability to acquire such essential equipment in a timely and cost effective manner.

The high growth in data markets in general, and broadband in particular, may result in a limited supply of equipment essential for the provision of such services, such as data transmission equipment and modems. The restrictions on the number of manufacturers imposed by the Brazilian government for certain essential equipment, mainly data transmission equipment and modems, and the geographical locations ofnon-Brazilian manufacturers of this essential equipment, pose certain risks, including:

If any of these risks materialize, they may result in our inability to provide services to our customers in a timely manner or may affect the prices of our services, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to respond to the trend towards consolidation in the Brazilian telecommunications market.

The Brazilian telecommunications market has been subject to consolidation. Mergers and acquisitions may change market dynamics, create competitive pressures and force small competitors to find partners, and may require us to adjust our operations, marketing strategies, and product portfolio. For example, in March 2015, Telefónica S.A., or Telefónica, acquired from Vivendi S.A., all of the shares of GVT Participações S.A., the controlling shareholder of Global Village Telecom S.A. This acquisition increased Telefónica’s share of the Brazilian telecommunications market, and we believe such trend is likely to continue in the industry as participants continue to pursue economies of scale. The entry of a new market participant with significant financial resources or potential changes in strategy by existing telecommunications service providers can change the competitive environment in the Brazilian market. We may be unable to keep pace with these changes, which could affect our ability to compete effectively and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additional joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions among telecommunications service providers are possible in the future. If such consolidation occurs, it may result in increased competition within our market. We may be unable to adequately respond to pricing pressures resulting from consolidation in our market, adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may also consider engaging in merger or acquisition activity in response to changes in the competitive environment, which could divert resources away from other aspects of our business.

Our commitment to meet the obligations of our Brazilian employees’ pension plans, managed by Fundação Sistel de Seguridade Social and Fundação Atlântico de Seguridade Social may be higher than what is currently anticipated, and therefore, we may be required to make additional contributions of resources to these pension plans or to record liabilities or expenses that are higher than currently recorded.

As sponsors of certain private employee pension plans in Brazil, which are managed by Fundação Sistel de Seguridade Social, or Sistel, and Fundação Atlântico de Seguridade Social, or FATL, our subsidiaries cover the actuarial deficits of these pension benefit plans, which provide guaranteed benefits to our retirees in Brazil and guaranteed future benefits to our current Brazilian employees at the time of their retirement. As of December 31, 2019, our Brazilian pension benefit plans had an aggregate deficit of R$633 million. Our commitment to meet these deficit obligations may be higher than we currently anticipate, and we may be required to make additional contributions or record liabilities or expenses that are higher than we currently record, which may adversely affect our financial results. If the life expectancy of the beneficiaries should exceed the life expectancies included in the actuarial models, the level of our contributions to these plans could increase. If the managers of these plans should suffer losses on the investments of the assets of these plans, we would be required to make additional contributions to these plans in order for these plans to be able to provide the agreed benefits. Any increase in the level of our contributions to these plans as a result of an increase in life expectancy or a decline in investment returns could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. For a more detailed description of our Brazilian pension plans, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees—Employee Benefits—Pension Benefit Plans.”

As a result of the RJ Proceedings, certain of our unfunded obligations under our post-retirement plans were novated. As of December 31, 2019, we had recorded R$633 million on our balance sheet as “liability for pension benefits,” net of provision for unfunded status on our balance sheet, represented by the commitment under the terms of the RJ Plan related to the financial obligations agreement, entered into by Oi and FATL intended for the payment of the mathematical provision without coverage by the plan’s assets. For more information, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees—Employee Benefits—Pension Benefit Plans—Fundação Atlântico de Seguridade Social—TCSPREV Plan” and note 27 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Risks Relating to Brazil

The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy. This influence, as well as Brazilian political and economic conditions, could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition and the market prices of our Common Shares, preferred shares and ADSs.

Oi is a Brazilian corporation, and substantially all of our operations and customers are located in Brazil. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are substantially dependent on Brazil’s economy. The Brazilian federal government frequently exercises significant influence over the Brazilian economy and occasionally makes significant changes in policy and regulations. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and implement macroeconomic policies have often involved, among other measures, changes in interest rates, changes in tax policies, wage and price controls, foreign exchange controls, currency devaluations, blocking access to bank accounts, imposing capital controls and limits on imports. We do not have any control over, and are unable to predict, which measures or policies the Brazilian government may adopt in the future. Our business, results of operations and financial condition and the market price of our Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs may be adversely affected by changes in government policies or regulations, especially those related to the telecommunications sector, such as changes in rates and competitive conditions, as well as general economic factors, including:

Uncertainty over whether the Brazilian federal government will implement changes to the policies, regulations or standards affecting these or other factors in the future may affect economic performance and contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil and to heightened volatility in the Brazilian securities markets and securities issued abroad by Brazilian issuers, which may have an adverse effect on us and the trading price of our Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs.

Ongoing political instability has adversely affected the Brazilian economy, our business and results of operations and may adversely affect the market price of our Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs.

The Brazilian economy has been affected by political events in Brazil, which have also affected the confidence of investors and the public in general, adversely impacting the performance of the Brazilian economy and heightening the volatility of securities issued by Brazilian companies.

Brazilian markets have also experienced heightened volatility due to uncertainties derived from the ongoing investigations conducted by the Brazilian Federal Police and the Federal Prosecutor’s Office (Ministério PúblicoFederal), among which is Operation Car Wash (OperaçãoLava Jato). Such investigations have impacted the Brazilian economy and political environment. Numerous members of the Brazilian government and of the legislative branch, as well as senior officers of large state-owned and private companies, have been convicted of political corruption related to bribes by means of kickbacks on contracts granted by the government to several infrastructure, oil and gas and construction companies, among others. Profits of these kickbacks allegedly financed the political campaigns of political parties that were unaccounted for or not publicly disclosed, and served to further the personal enrichment of the recipients of the bribery schemes. As a result, a number of senior politicians, including former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, congressmen and officers of the major state-owned and private companies in Brazil, resigned and/or have been arrested, and numerous senior elected officials and other public officials are being investigated for unethical and illegal behavior.

The outcome of these investigations is uncertain, but they have already had an adverse impact on the image and reputation of the implicated companies, and on the general market perception of Brazil. The development of these investigations has and may continue to adversely affect us. We cannot predict whether the ongoing investigations will affect the market or will lead to heightened economic and political volatility in Brazil, nor whether new investigations against politicians and/or officers of private companies will occur in the future.

In addition, in October 2018, Brazilians elected federal congressmen, state congressmen,two-thirds of the total number of senators and governors, and the president, and the new elected officials took office at the beginning of 2019. Following a divisive presidential race, Congressman Jair Bolsonaro became Brazil’s president on January 1, 2019.

Any continuation of such divisions could result in congressional deadlock, political unrest and massive demonstrations and/or strikes that could materially adversely affect our operations. Uncertainties in relation to the implementation by the new administration of changes relating to monetary, tax and pension funds policies, as well as to the relevant legislation that must be passed to implement them, may contribute to economic instability. These uncertainties and new measures may increase market volatility of Brazilian securities issued abroad.

The President of Brazil has the power to determine policies and issue governmental acts related to the Brazilian economy that affect the operations and financial performance of companies, including us. We cannot predict which policies the newly elected president will adopt or if these policies or changes in current policies may have an adverse effect on us or the Brazilian economy.

Fluctuations in exchange rates may lead to substantial losses on our liabilities denominated in or linked to foreign currencies.

Since 1999, exchange rates for thereal have been set by the market, i.e., a floating exchange rate system. Although long-term depreciation of thereal is generally linked to the rate of inflation in Brazil, depreciation of thereal occurring over shorter periods of time has resulted in significant variations in the exchange rate forbetween thereal, the U.S. dollar and other currencies. The exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Brazilianreal has experienced significant fluctuations in recent years. Therealdepreciated against the U.S. dollar by 47.1% during 2015. During 2016, thereal appreciated against the U.S. dollar by 16.5% and thereal depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 1.5% in 2017, 17.1% in 2018, and 4.0% in 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, R$18,294 million, or 57.8%, of our total consolidated borrowings and financing was denominated in currencies other than thereal, excluding the fair value adjustment to our borrowings and financing and debt issuance costs, and R$9,521 million, or 52.2%, of our total consolidated borrowings and financing was denominated in currencies other than thereal, after giving effect to the fair value adjustment to our borrowings and financing and debt issuance costs. When thereal depreciates against foreign currencies, we incur losses on our liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, such as our U.S. dollar-denominated PIK Toggle Notes and export credit facilities, and we incur gains on our monetary assets denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, as the liabilities and assets are translated intoreais into U.S. dollars was R$$3.9436 to US$1.00, based. On the other hand, when therealdepreciates against foreign currencies, we incur gains on the selling ratebalance of our fair value adjustment as reporteda consequence of the gross debt balance, which partially offsets the negative impact on our borrowings and financings. If significant depreciation of thereal were to occur when the value of such liabilities significantly exceeds the value of such assets, including any financial instruments entered into for hedging purposes, we could incur significant losses, even if the value of those assets and liabilities has not changed in their original currency. In addition, a significant depreciation in thereal could adversely affect our ability to meet certain of our payment obligations. A failure to meet certain of our payment obligations could trigger a default under certain financial covenants in our debt instruments, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The significant depreciation of thereal subsequent to December 31, 2019, partially due to theCOVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures adopted to combat the pandemic in Brazil and internationally, is expected to have effects on our U.S. dollar-denominated indebtedness and interest expenses, negatively affecting our results of operations. Notwithstanding the adverse effects on the carrying amounts of our financial liabilities, we do not anticipate any substantial effect on our liquidity as there are few short-term payment obligations under our indebtedness, which we have hedged by continuing to hold a portion of the proceeds from our sale of PT Ventures in U.S. dollars. However, a prolonged deterioration of the value of thereal could adversely affect our ability to meet our payment obligations on our indebtedness when future amortization payments become due. A portion of our capital expenditures and operating leases require us to acquire assets or use third-party assets at prices denominated in or linked to foreign currencies, some of which are financed by liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, principally the U.S. dollar. We generally do not hedge exposures relating to our capital expenditures against risks related to movements of thereal against foreign currencies. To the extent that the value of thereal decreases relative to the U.S. dollar, it becomes more costly for us to purchase these assets or services, which could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Despite the 17.1% depreciation of thereal during 2018, the slow recovery of the Brazilian economy limited inflation and allowed the Central Bank of Brazil (Banco Central do Brasil), or the Brazilian Central Bank. The selling rate was R$3.8748 to US$1.00 on December 31, 2018, R$3.3080 to US$1.00 on December 31, 2017

Market Share and R$3.2591 to US$1.00 on December 31, 2016, in each case, as reported by the Brazilian Central Bank. The real/U.S. dollar exchange rate fluctuates widely, and the selling rate on April 23, 2019 may not be indicative of future exchange rates. See “Item 3. Key Information—Exchange Rates” for information regarding exchange rates for thereal since January 1, 2014.Other Information

Solely for the convenience of the reader, we have translated some amounts included in “Item 3. Key Information—Selected Financial Information” andWe make statements in this annual report about our market share and other information relating to the telecommunications industry in Brazil. We have made these statements on the basis of information obtained fromreais into third-party sources and publicly available information that we believe are reliable, such as information and reports from ANATEL, among others. Notwithstanding any investigation that we may have conducted with respect to the market share, market size or similar data provided by third parties or derived from industry or general publications, we assume no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any such information.

Rounding

We have made rounding adjustments to reach some of the figures included in this annual report. As a result, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains forward-looking statements. Some of the matters discussed concerning our business operations and financial performance include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. dollars usingSecurities Act of 1933, as amended, or the selling rateSecurities Act, or the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as reported by amended, or the Exchange Act.

Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or that include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates” and similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, these statements are subject to several risks and uncertainties and are made in light of information currently available to us.

Many important factors could cause our actual results to differ substantially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements, including, among other things:

Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and our actual results or other developments may differ materially from the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements. As for forward-looking statements that relate to future financial results and other projections, actual results will be different due to the inherent uncertainty of estimates, forecasts and projections. Because of these uncertainties, potential investors should not be considered representations thatrely on these forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update any such amountsforward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

PART I

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Selected Financial Information

The following selected financial data have been could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars at that or at any other exchange rate.

Financial Statements

We maintainderived from our books and records inreais. Our consolidated financial statementsstatements. The selected financial data as of December 31, 20182019 and 20172018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. The selected financial data as of December 31, 2017 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements that are not included in this annual report. We have not included selected financial data as of or for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2016,2015 as such information cannot be provided on a restated basis without unreasonable effort or expense.

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, which we refer“Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Presentation of Financial and Other Information.”

Oi has not paid any dividends and/or interest attributable to shareholders’ equity since January 1, 2014.

		As of December 31,
		2019				2018				2017
		(in millions ofreais)
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents		R$	2,082			R$	4,385			R$	6,863
Short-term investments			184				202				21
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts			6,335				6,517				7,367
Assets held for sale			4,391				4,923				4,675
Total current assets			17,993				21,313				23,748
Property, plant and equipment, net			38,911				28,426				26,989
Non-current judicial deposits			6,651				7,019				8,290
Intangible assets, net			3,998				6,948				8,351
Total assets			71,892				65,438				68,639
Short-term borrowings and financing (including current portion of long-term debt)			326				673				54,515
Short-term leases payables			1,510				—				—
Short-term trade payables			4,794				5,024				4,924
Liabilities of assets held for sale			494				527				354
Total current liabilities			11,836				10,689				67,892
Long-term borrowings and financing			17,900				15,777				—
Long-term leases payables			6,640				—				—
Total liabilities			54,095				42,542				82,152
Share capital			32,539				32,038				21,438
Shareholders’ equity			17,797				22,896				(13,513	)

Risk Factors

You should consider the following risks as our audited consolidated financial statements, are includedwell as the other information set forth in this annual report.report when evaluating an investment in our company. In general, investing in the securities of issuers in emerging market countries, such as Brazil, involves a higher degree of risk than investing in the securities of issuers in the United States. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or those that we currently deem to be immaterial, may also materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Any of the following risks could materially affect us. In such case, the market price of the Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs could be adversely affected.

Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry and Regulatory Environment

The Brazilian telecommunications industry is highly regulated. Changes to these regulations have and may continue to adversely impact our business.

The Brazilian telecommunications industry is highly regulated by ANATEL. ANATEL regulates, among other things, rates, quality of service and universal service goals, as well as competition among telecommunications service providers. Changes in laws and regulations, grants of new concessions, authorizations or licenses or the imposition of additional universal service obligations, among other factors, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry.”

We cannot predict whether ANATEL or the Brazilian government will adopt these or other telecommunications sector policies in the future, or the consequences of such policies on our business or the business of our competitors. In the event that any modification of the regulatory scheme or new regulations applicable to our company are adopted that increase the costs of compliance to our company, whether through capital expenditure requirements, increased service requirements, increased costs for renewal of our authorizations and licenses, increased exposure to regulatory penalties or otherwise, these modifications and regulations could have prepareda material adverse effect on our audited consolidatedbusiness, financial statementscondition and results of operations.

Our concession agreements and authorizations contain certain obligations, and our failure to comply with these obligations may result in accordancevarious fines and penalties being imposed on us by ANATEL.

Our local fixed-line and domestic long-distance concession agreements in Brazil contain terms reflecting the General Plan of Universal Service Goals (Plano Geral de Metas de Universalização), or the PGMU, the Quality Management Regulations (Regulamento de Gestão da Qualidade), or the RGQ, which was adopted by ANATEL in June 2013, and was partially superseded by the Quality of Telecommunications Services Regulation (Regulamento de Qualidade dos Serviços de Telecomunicações), or the RQUAL, in December 2019, and other regulations adopted by ANATEL, the terms of which could affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our local fixed-line concession agreements in Brazil also require us to meet certain network expansion, quality of service and modernization obligations in each of the Brazilian states in our service areas. In the event of noncompliance with United States generally accepted accounting principles,ANATEL targets in any one of these states, ANATEL can establish a deadline for achieving the targeted level of such service, impose penalties and, in extreme situations, terminate the applicable concession agreement for noncompliance with our quality and universal service obligations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Fixed-Line Telephone Services.”

In addition, our authorizations to provide personal mobile services contain certain obligations requiring us to meet network scope and quality of service targets. If we fail to meet these obligations, we may be fined by ANATEL until we are in full compliance with our obligations and, in extreme circumstances, our authorizations could be revoked by ANATEL. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Mobile Telephone Services.”

On an almost weekly basis, we receive inquiries from ANATEL requiring information from us on our compliance with the various service obligations imposed on us by our concession agreements. If we are unable to respond satisfactorily to those inquiries or U.S. GAAP,comply with our service obligations under our concession agreements, ANATEL may commence administrative proceedings in connection with such noncompliance. We have received numerous notices of commencement of administrative proceedings from ANATEL, mostly due to our inability to achieve certain targets established in the assumptionPGMU and the RGQ. For more information, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Civil Claims Relating to Oi S.A. and Our Brazilian Operations—Administrative Proceedings.”

Our concession agreements in Brazil are subject to periodic modifications by ANATEL, and we cannot assure you that the modifications to these concession agreements will not have adverse effects on our company.

We provide fixed-line telecommunications services in our Brazilian service areas pursuant to concession agreements with the Brazilian government. These concession agreements expire on December 31, 2025 and may be amended by the parties every five years prior to the expiration date. In connection with each five-year amendment, ANATEL has the right, following public consultations, to impose new terms and conditions in response to changes in technology, competition in the marketplace and domestic and international economic conditions. Under their existing terms, our concession agreements may be amended by December 2020 at the latest.

We cannot assure you that any future amendments to our concession agreements will not impose requirements on our company that will require us to undertake significant capital expenditures or will not modify the rate-setting procedures applicable to us in a manner that will significantly reduce the net operating revenue that we generate from our Brazilian fixed-line businesses. If the amendments to our Brazilian concession agreements have these effects, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We cannot assure you that we will continue asbe able to convert our concessions into authorizations or renew our concessions in a going concern. Our audited consolidated financial statements have been auditedtimely or cost-effective manner.

On October 3, 2019, the President of Brazil signed Law No. 13,879, which amended the Brazilian General Telecommunications Law (Lei Geral das Telecomunicações), or the General Telecommunications Law, to allow, among other things, providers of fixed-line telecommunications services operating under a concession in accordance with Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or PCAOB, standards.

Under U.S. GAAP, our management isthe public regime to convert their concessions into authorizations to operate in the private regime and thereby eliminate a number of obligations currently imposed by the concession regime. In exchange, providers may be required to assess whether there are conditions or events, consideredassume obligations to make additional investments in their networks, primarily related to the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about ourexpansion of broadband services. The cost of the additional investments in exchange for the elimination of such obligations, would be subject to discussion between the parties, with ANATEL having the ability to continue asmake the final valuation. In addition, the new law permits providers to renew their concession for indefinite additional20-year periods, whereas previously only one20-year renewal period was allowed, provided that at least 30 months prior to each expiration date, the providers have complied with the obligations required of them under the applicable concession. Prior to the passage of Law No. 13,879, our concession agreements would have expired in 2025 without the possibility of renewal. In February 2020, ANATEL proposed regulations to implement Law No. 13,879, including the rules that will govern the conversion of concessions into authorizations. These proposed regulations are subject to a going concern within one year afterpublic consultation period that is expected to expire on April 30, 2020. We cannot predict when and to what extent these regulations will be adopted. Once these regulations are adopted, we expect that we will be able to migrate our financial statements are issued. Our management’s assessment ofpublic regime concessions into private-regime authorizations or renew our ability to continue as a going concern is discussed in note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements. As ofconcessions, which would otherwise expire on December 31, 2018, we have fulfilled the obligations established in the RJ Plan within the established time limits. As a result the completion on January 25, 2019 of the capital increase that was mandated by the RJ Plan through the issuance of 3,225,806,451 Common Shares for an aggregate subscription price of R$4,000 million in our preemptive offering, our management believes that2025. However, as of the date of this annual report, we have sufficient resourcesnot decided which option to continuepursue and cannot predict the cost of pursuing any of these options. For more information about Law No. 13,879, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Public Regime—Amendments to operatethe General Telecommunications Law” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Fixed-Line Telephone Services.”

If we are not able to convert our concessions into authorizations or renew our concessions prior to the expiration of our existing concessions, we may be able to participate in competitive auctions for new concessions that the 12 months followingBrazilian government may choose to conduct. However, our existing fixed-line and domestic long-distance concession agreements will not entitle us to preferential treatment in these auctions, and we may not be able to secure new concessions for our existing service areas in any future auctions or such concessions may be on less favorable terms than our current concessions. In such cases, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially adversely affected.

The mobile telecommunications industry and participants in this industry, including us, may be required to adopt an extensive program of field measurements of radio frequency emissions and be subject to further regulation and/or claims based on concerns regarding potential health problems and interfere with medical devices.

Media and other entities have suggested that the electromagnetic emissions from mobile handsets and base stations may cause health problems. If consumers harbor health-related concerns, they may be discouraged from using mobile handsets. These concerns could have an adverse effect on the mobile telecommunications industry and, possibly, expose mobile services providers to litigation. We cannot assure you that further medical research and studies will refute a link between the electromagnetic emissions of mobile handsets and base stations, including on frequency ranges we use to provide mobile services, and these health concerns. Government authorities could increase regulation on electromagnetic emissions of mobile handsets and base stations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. The expansion of our network may be affected by these perceived risks if we experience problems in finding new sites, which, in turn, may delay the expansion and may affect the quality of our services.

In July 2002, ANATEL enacted regulations that limit emission and exposure for fields with frequencies between 9 kHz and 300 GHz. In May 2009, Law No. 11,934 was enacted, which established the need for field measurements by telecommunications service providers of all radio-communication transmitting stations every five years with respect to emission and exposure to these fields. In September 2018, ANATEL published Resolution No. 700/2018, a regulation pursuant to Law No. 11,934 that makes field measurements mandatory by telecommunication service providers of all radio-communication transmission stations every five years beginning in 2019. In January 2019, ANATEL passed Act No. 458/2019 regarding the technical requirements of Resolution No. 700/2018. However, Act No. 458/2019 is not yet in full force because the measurement parameters have not yet been defined, and ANATEL has had difficulties implementing internal systems to monitor compliance. We are still evaluating the scope of the technical and financial impact of these new regulations on our company, as ANATEL has not yet defined all of the relevant technical requirements related to these regulations as of the date of this annual report.

Companies in the Brazilian telecommunication industry, including us, may be harmed by restrictions regarding the installation of new antennas for mobile services.

As of the date of this annual report, there are approximately 250 municipal laws in Brazil that limit the installation of new antennas for mobile service, which has been a barrier to the expansion of mobile networks. Those laws are meant to regulate issues related to zoning and the alleged effects of the radiation and radiofrequencies of the antennas. The federal law, that establishes new guidelines to create a consolidated plan for the installation of antennas was approved in 2015, however, it is still pending specific regulation. Despite the federal initiative, as long as the municipal laws remain unchanged, the risk of noncompliance with regulations and of having services of limited quality in certain areas continues to exist, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Additional antenna installation is also limited as a result of concerns that radio frequency emissions from base stations may cause health problems. See “—The mobile telecommunications industry and participants in this industry, including us, may be required to adopt an extensive program of field measurements of radio frequency emissions and be subject to further regulation and/or claims based on concerns regarding potential health problems and interfere with medical devices.”

The telecommunications industry is subject to frequent changes in technology. Our ability to remain competitive depends on our ability to implement new technology, and it is difficult to predict how new technology will affect our business.

Companies in the telecommunications industry must adapt to rapid and significant technological changes that are usually difficult to anticipate. The mobile telecommunications industry in particular has experienced rapid and significant technological development and frequent improvements in capacity, quality and data-transmission speed. We intendexpect that new products and technologies will emerge and that existing products and technologies will be further developed. For example, ANATEL is expected to prepareconduct auctions for radiofrequencies in the 5G spectrum during 2020. The advent of new products and technologies could have a variety of consequences. Our future success depends on our consolidatedability to anticipate and adapt in a timely manner to technological changes. Technological changes may render our equipment, services and technology obsolete or inefficient, which may adversely affect our competitiveness or require us to increase our capital expenditures in order to maintain our competitive position. These new products and technologies may reduce the price of our services by providing lower-cost alternatives and the creation of new digital services.

For example, personal mobility service providers in Brazil are experiencing increasing competition fromover-the-top, or OTT, providers, which provide content (such as WhatsApp, Skype and YouTube) over an internet connection rather than through a service provider’s network. OTT providers are becoming increasingly competitive as customers shift from mobile voice and SMS communications to internet-based voice and data communications through computers and smartphone or tablet applications. In addition, as providers of fixed and mobile telecommunications services, we face more legal, regulatory and tax barriers than providers of OTT services, increasing our costs in relation to these provides and preventing us from being able to fully compete with them.

We may not obtain the expected benefits of our investments if more advanced technologies are adopted by the market. Even if we adopt new technologies in a timely manner as they are developed, the cost of such technology may exceed the benefit to us, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our level of competitiveness.

Our operations depend on our ability to maintain, upgrade and operate efficiently our accounting, billing, customer service, information technology and management information systems and to rely on the systems of other carriers underco-billing agreements.

Our success largely depends on the continued and uninterrupted performance of our controls, network technology systems and of certain hardware. Our technical infrastructure (including our network infrastructure for mobile telecommunications services) is vulnerable to damage or interruption from information and telecommunication technology failures, power loss, floods, windstorms, fires, terrorism, intentional wrongdoing, human error and similar events. Our controls are dependent, not exclusively, on these technological systems and are also subject to interruptions and failures. Unanticipated problems with our controls, or at our facilities, system failures, hardware or software failures, computer viruses or hacker attacks could affect the quality of our services and cause service interruptions. Any of these occurrences could result in reduced user traffic and reduced revenue and could harm our levels of customer satisfaction, our reputation and compliance with certain of our regulatory obligations.

Sophisticated information and processing systems are vital to our growth and our ability to monitor costs, render monthly invoices for services, process customer orders, provide customer service and achieve operating efficiencies. We cannot assure you that we will be able to operate successfully and upgrade our accounting, information and processing systems or that these systems will continue to perform as expected. We have entered intoco-billing agreements with each long-distance telecommunications service provider that is interconnected to our networks in Brazil to include in our invoices the long-distance services rendered by these providers, and these providers have agreed to include charges owed to us in their invoices. Any failure in our accounting, information and processing systems, or any problems with the execution of invoicing and collection services by other carriers with whom we haveco-billing agreements, could impair our ability to collect payments from customers and respond satisfactorily to customer needs, which could adversely affect our business, financial statementscondition and results of operations.

We face various cyber-security risks that, if not adequately addressed, could have an adverse effect on our business.

We face various cyber-security risks that could result in business losses, including but not limited to contamination (whether intentional or accidental) of our networks and systems by third parties with whom we exchange data, equipment failures or unauthorized access to and loss of confidential customer, employee and/or proprietary data by persons inside or outside of our organization. We are also exposed to cyber attacks causing systems degradation or service unavailability, the penetration of our information technology systems and platforms byill-intentioned third parties, and infiltration of malware (such as computer viruses) into our systems.

The risks of cyber attacks has been exacerbated as a result of measures that we have adopted to combat theCOVID-19 pandemic, principally the institution of a “work-from-home” policy for our employees. Because our managers and employees have access to our information systems from their remote locations, the demands on our security systems have increased. Although we have implemented measures to prevent unauthorized access to our systems through the compromise of these remote access points, we cannot assure you that perpetrators of cyber attacks will be prevented from accessing our information systems in all cases.

Cyber attacks against companies have increased in frequency, scope and potential harm in recent years. Further, the perpetrators of cyber attacks are not restricted to particular groups or persons. These attacks may be committed by company employees or third parties operating in any region, including jurisdictions where law enforcement measures to address such attacks are unavailable or ineffective. We may not be able to successfully protect our operational and information technology systems and platforms against such threats. Further, as cyber attacks continue to evolve, we may incur significant costs in the attempt to modify or enhance our protective measures or investigate or remediate any vulnerability.

The inability to operate our networks and systems as a result of cyber attacks, even for a limited period of time, may result in significant expenses to us and/or a loss of market share to other telecommunications providers. The costs associated with a major cyber attack could include expensive incentives offered to existing customers and business partners to retain their business, increased expenditures on cyber-security measures and the use of alternate resources, lost revenues from business interruption and litigation. If we are unable to adequately address these cyber-security risks, our operating network and information systems could be compromised, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Our Company

Our debt instruments contain covenants that could restrict our financing and operating flexibility and have other adverse consequences.

As of December 31, 2019, we had total outstanding borrowings and financing of R$31,642 million, excluding the fair value adjustment to our borrowings and financing and debt issuance costs, and R$18,227 million, after giving effect to the fair value adjustment and debt issuance costs. In addition, in accordanceFebruary 2020, an investor subscribed to an aggregate amount of R$2,500 million of Oi Mobile’snon-convertible debentures. We are subject to certain financial covenants under the instruments that govern our indebtedness that limit our ability to incur additional debt. The level of our consolidated indebtedness and the requirements and limitations imposed by these debt instruments could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations. In particular, the terms of some of these debt instruments restrict or may restrict our ability, and the ability of our subsidiaries, to:

These covenants could limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or to meet our operational or capital needs, which could reduce future net operating revenue and adversely affect our cash flows and profitability. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Forevents beyond our fiscal year endedcontrol, and we may have to curtail some operations to maintain compliance. As of December 31, 2010,2019, we includedwere in full compliance with our financial statements preparedcovenants under IFRS as partour financial instruments.

In addition, the failure of Oi and our annual reportrestricted subsidiaries to comply with these covenants could result in a default under our debt agreements, which could permit the holders to accelerate our obligation to repay the debt and may be cross-defaulted to other debt. Our assets or cash flow may not be sufficient to fully repay borrowings under our outstanding debt agreements if accelerated upon an event of default, and there is no guarantee that we would be able to repay, refinance or restructure the payments on Form20-F, applying IFRS 1, “First-time Adoption of International Reporting Standards,” consideringthose debt agreements.

Furthermore, our debt instruments with BNDES contain financial covenants that our previous primary GAAP was Brazilian GAAP and that January 1, 2009 wasrequire Oi to maintain five specified financial ratios, measured on a quarterly basis. Under these debt instruments, BNDES has the right to accelerate the debt if, at the date of transition to IFRS. Consequently, asthe financial covenants are tested, we are not a IFRS first-time adopter, we intend to include in our annual report on Form20-F for the fiscal year endedcompliance with any two of these ratios. At December 31, 2019, a reconciliation from U.S. GAAP to IFRS for the comparative balance sheet (i.e., as of December 31, 2018) and comparative income statement periods preceding the most recent fiscal year (i.e., for the year ended December 31, 2018) to present the changeswe were in the basis of presentation. However, we are already including in our December 31, 2018compliance with these financial statements a reconciliation from U.S. GAAP to IFRS of our equity and income statement for the year ended December 31, 2018, as described in note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements.

covenants. As a result of the RJ Proceedings (which are considered to be similar in all substantive respects to proceedings under Chapter 11depreciation of thereal subsequent to December 31, 2019, partially due to theCOVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures adopted to combat the pandemic in Brazil and internationally, and the related effects on our U.S. Bankruptcy Codedollar-denominated indebtedness and interest expenses, we believed that it was probable that as of 1986, as amended, whichMarch 31, 2020, we refer to as the U.S. Bankruptcy Code),would not be in compliance with more than one of these financial ratios. In anticipation of these ratio breaches, on March 30, 2020 we have applied Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 852 “Reorganizations”,obtained a waiver from BNDES. The cross-default or ASC 852, in preparing our audited consolidated financial statements. ASC 852 requires that financial statements separately disclose and distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with our reorganization from transactions and events that are associated with the ongoing operations of our business. Accordingly, certain expenses, realized gains and losses, and provisions for losses that are realized or incurredcross-acceleration clauses in the RJ Proceedings have been recordedinstruments governing our other indebtedness (other than Oi Mobile’snon-convertible debentures) provide that an event of default under our debt instruments with BNDES do not trigger an event of default under our other indebtedness or enable the classification “Reorganization items, net” in our consolidated statements of operations. In addition, our prepetition obligationscreditors under other indebtedness to accelerate that may be impacted byindebtedness.

Under the RJ Proceedings based on our assessment of these obligations following the guidance of ASC 852 have been classified on our consolidated statement of financial position as “Liabilities subject to compromise.” Prepetition liabilities subject to compromisePlan, until February 5, 2023, we are required to be reported as theapply an amount allowed as a claim by the RJ Court, regardless of whether they may be settled for lesser amounts. Certain amounts initially recorded as liabilities subjectequivalent to compromise were adjusted and reclassified to reflect new legal terms and conditions established by the RJ Court. As a result100% of the effectivenessnet revenue from our sale of assets in excess of US$200 million to investments in our activities. Beginning on February 5, 2024, we are required to allocate to the repayment of debt instruments representing recoveries under the RJ Plan on February 5, 2018, the contingencies included as “Liabilities subjectan annual basis an amount equivalent to compromise” on our consolidated statement of financial position will be paid according to terms70% of the RJ Plan and were reclassified as current andnon-current “Provisions for contingencies” on our consolidated statement of financial position.

As a result of the completion on January 25, 2019 of the capital increase that was mandatedamount by the RJ Plan, for purposes of the preparation of our financial statements under U.S. GAAP, we are deemed to have emerged from the RJ Proceedings. Upon emergence on January 25, 2019, we would be required to adopt fresh-start accounting, as required by ASC 852. The adoption of fresh start accounting would require our company to assign the reorganization value to our assets and liabilities, in conformity with the guidance of ASC 805 applicable to business combinations. Under this guidance, our assets and liabilities would be adjusted to fair market values, with any excess recorded as goodwill. However, as we intend to report our consolidated financial statements as of dates and for the periods ending after January 1, 2019 in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB, we will not adopt fresh start accounting as there are no requirements under IFRS to do so.

We are also required to prepare financial statements in accordance with accounting practices adopted in Brazil, or Brazilian GAAP, which are based on:

Certain Defined Terms

General

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references to:

Judicial Reorganization

The following defined terms relate to our global judicial reorganization. For more information, see “Presentation of Financial and Other Information—Financial Restructuring,” and “Item 4. Information on the Company—Our Recent History and Development—Our Judicial Reorganization Proceedings.” Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references to:

Financial Restructuring

In June 2016, after considering the challenges arising from our economic and financial situation in connection with the maturity schedule of our financial debts, the threats to our cash flows represented by imminent attachments or freezing of assets in judicial lawsuits, and the urgent need to adopt measures that protect our company, we concluded that filing of a request for judicial reorganization (recuperação judicial) in Brazil would be the most appropriate course of action (1) to preserve the continuity of our offering of quality services to our customers, within the rules and commitments undertaken with ANATEL, (2) to preserve the value of our company, (3) to maintain the continuity of our operations and corporate activities in an organized manner that protects the interests of our company, customers, shareholders and other stakeholders, and (4) to protect our cash and cash equivalents.equivalents and financial investments at the end of each fiscal year exceeds (2) the greater of (a) 25% of our operating expenses and capital expenses for that fiscal year, and (b) R$5,000 million, subject to adjustment in the event that we conclude any capital increases. The cash required to make these repayments will reduce the amount available to us to make capital expenditures.

The RJ Plan permits us to borrow up to R$2 billion under new export credit facilities, as described under “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” This debt may be denominated inreais or in foreign currencies. Accordingly, we may incur interest expenses and foreign exchange gains and losses in connection with this new debt. A significant increase in any of these interest rates could adversely affect our financial expenses and negatively affect our overall financial performance.

If the Brazilian Confirmation Order is overturned or modified, the RJ Debtors may be declared bankrupt under Brazilian law and liquidated.

On June 20, 2016, Oi, together with the other RJ Debtors, filed a joint voluntary petition for judicial reorganization pursuant to the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law with the RJ Court, pursuant to an urgent measure approved by our board of directors.

On December 19 and 20, 2017, thea GCM was held to consider approval of the RJ Plan. Themost recently filed judicial reorganization plan. This GCM concluded on December 20, 2017 following the approval of the RJ Plan reflecting amendments to the RJ Planjudicial reorganization plan presented at thethis GCM as negotiated during the course of thethis GCM.

On January 8, 2018, the RJ Court entered the Brazilian Confirmation Order, ratifying and confirming the RJ Plan, according to its terms, but modifying certain provisions of the RJ Plan. The Brazilian Confirmation Order was published in the Official Gazette of the State of Rio de Janeiro on February 5, 2018, the Brazilian Confirmation Date. For more information with respect to the RJ Proceedings, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Our Recent History and Development—Our Judicial Reorganization Proceedings.”

The Brazilian Confirmation Order, according to its terms, is currently binding on all parties, as long as its effects are not stayed.although it is subject to six pending appeals with no suspensive effect attributed to those appeals. By operation of the RJ Plan and the Brazilian Confirmation Order, provided that the Brazilian Confirmation Order is not overturned or altered as a result of the pending appeals filed against it by certain creditors, the unsecured claims against the RJ Debtors have been novated and discharged under Brazilian law and holders of such claims have receivedare entitled only to receive the recoveries set forth in the RJ Plan in exchange for their claims in accordance with the terms and conditions of the RJ Plan.

If the Brazilian Confirmation Order is overturned or modified and, as a result, the RJ Debtors are declared bankrupt, which under Brazilian law is generally followed by a liquidation of the debtors’ assets, the rights and guarantees of the creditors recognized by the RJ Court will be restored under the original terms as if the RJ Plan had never been approved, net of amounts validly received pursuant to the RJ Plan, in accordance with Brazilian Bankruptcy Law. A modification of the Brazilian Confirmation Order may lead to a breach of the RJ Plan by the RJ Debtors. In case of breach of the RJ Plan by the RJ Debtors, creditors will be entitled to (1) approve a modification to the RJ Plan at a meeting of creditors complying with the quorum requirements established in the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law, or (2) seek to have the RJ Debtors adjudicated as bankrupt by the RJ Court.

We are subject to numerous legal and administrative proceedings, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to numerous legal and administrative proceedings. It is difficult to quantify the potential impact of these legal and administrative proceedings. We classify our risk of loss from legal and administrative proceedings as “probable,” “possible” or “remote.” We make provisions for probable losses but do not make provisions for possible and remote losses.

As of December 31, 2019, we had provisioned R$5,252 million for probable losses relating to various tax, labor and civil legal and administrative proceedings against us. As of December 31, 2019, we had claims against us of R$28,416 million in tax proceedings, R$798 million in labor proceedings and R$1,668 million in civil proceedings with a risk of loss classified as “possible” for which we had made no provisions. We are not required to disclose or record provisions for proceedings in which our management judges the risk of loss to be remote. However, the amounts involved in certain of the proceedings in which we believe our risk of loss is remote could be substantial. Consequently, our losses could be significantly higher than the amounts for which we have recorded provisions.

If we are subject to unfavorable decisions in any legal or administrative proceedings and the losses in those proceedings significantly exceed the amount for which we have provisioned or involve proceedings for which we have made no provision, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. Even for the amounts recorded as provisions for probable losses, a judgment against us would have an effect on our cash flow if we are required to pay those amounts. Unfavorable decisions in these legal proceedings may, therefore, reduce our liquidity and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For a more detailed description of these proceedings, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

We have indemnification obligations with respect to the PT Exchange Agreement and the PT Portugal disposition that could materially adversely affect our financial position.

In the exchange agreement, or the PT Exchange Agreement, that we entered into with Pharol under which we transferred defaulted commercial paper of Rio Forte Investments S.A., or Rio Forte, to Pharol in exchange for the delivery to our company of Common Shares and Preferred Shares as described under “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—Major Shareholders—PT Option Agreement,” we agreed to indemnify Pharol against any loss arising from (1) Pharol’s contingent or absolute tax or anti-trust obligations in relation to the assets contributed to our company in the Oi capital increase in connection with which we acquired PT Portugal from Pharol in May 2014 and (2) Pharol’s management activities, with reference to acts or triggering events occurring on or prior to May 5, 2014, excluding any losses incurred by Pharol as a result of the financial investments in the Rio Forte commercial paper and the acquisition of the Rio Forte commercial paper from Oi under the PT Exchange Agreement.

In the share purchase agreement under which we sold PT Portugal in the PT Portugal disposition, we agreed to indemnify Altice Portugal for breaches of our representations and warranties under the share purchase agreement, subject to certain customary procedural and financial limitations. There can be no assurance that we will not be subject to significant claims under these indemnification provisions and if we are subject to such claims under these indemnification provisions, we could be required to pay significant amounts, which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

In the PT Ventures Share Purchase Agreement under which we sold PT Ventures to Sociedade Nacional de Combustíveis de Angola, Empresa Pública – Sonangol E.P., or Sonangol, we agreed to indemnify Sonangol for breaches of our representations and warranties under the PT Ventures Share Purchase Agreement, subject to certain customary procedural and financial limitations. There can be no assurance that we will not be subject to significant claims under these indemnification provisions and if we are subject to such claims under these indemnification provisions, we could be required to pay significant amounts, which would have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

We are subject to credit risks with respect to our customers. If we are unable to limit payment delinquencies by our customers, or if delinquent payments by our customers increase, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our business significantly depends on our customers’ ability to pay their bills and comply with their obligations to us. During 2019, we recorded provisions for doubtful accounts in the amount of R$489 million, or 2.4% of our net operating revenue, primarily due to subscribers’ delinquencies. As of December 31, 2019, our provision for doubtful accounts was R$774 million.

ANATEL regulations allow us to implement certain policies to reduce customer defaults, such as service restrictions or limitations on the types of services provided based on a subscriber’s credit record. If we are unable to successfully implement policies to limit delinquencies of our Brazilian subscribers or otherwise select our customers based on their credit records, persistent subscriber delinquencies and bad debt will continue to adversely affect our operating and financial results.

In addition, if the Brazilian economy declines due to, among other factors, a reduction in the level of economic activity, an increase in inflation or an increase in domestic interest rates, a greater portion of our customers may not be able to pay their bills on a timely basis. For example, although do not have sufficient experience with the effects of the public health measures adopted in Brazil in response to theCOVID-19 pandemic to reliably estimate the quantitative effects of these measures, we expect that these public health measures will have significant impacts on the income and purchasing power of many of our subscribers, particularlylow-income subscribers and SMEs, some of whom may cease operations. Any increase in expected losses on trade receivables would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We are dependent on key personnel and the ability to hire and retain additional personnel.

We believe that our success will depend on the continued services of our senior management team and other key personnel. Our management team is comprised of highly qualified professionals, with extensive experience in the telecommunications industry. The loss of the services of any of our senior management team or other key employees could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We also depend on the ability of our senior management and key personnel to work effectively as a team.

Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, retain and motivate highly skilled technical, managerial, sales and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot guarantee that we will successfully attract, assimilate or retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel. Failure to retain and attract the necessary technical, managerial, sales and marketing and administrative personnel could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The outcome of Operation Mine Map, a criminal investigation being conducted by Brazilian authorities that involves historical agreements of our company with certain entities, and any further investigations that may be commenced related to these agreements, could have a material adverse effect on our company.

On December 10, 2019, the Brazilian Federal Police launched Operation Mine Map (OperaçãoMapa da Mina). One of the main targets of Operation Mine Map was Fábio da Silva, son of former president Luiz Ignácio Lula da Silva. The subject of the investigation includes payments made by us to two groups of companies, Gamecorp and Grupo Gol. Brazilian authorities allege that these payments were made in exchange for benefits from the Brazilian government. In connection with the investigation, our headquarters and some other buildings in the States of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro and in Brasília were searched and documents were seized relating to our business with Gamecorp and Grupo Gol.

We have been cooperating with Brazilian authorities involved in Operation Mine Map and have provided information and documents. We have not been notified that we are a target of any investigation relating to Operation Mine Map. None of our current executive officers or members of our board of directors were involved in our historical relationships with Gamecorp and Grupo Gol.

We cannot predict when the Operation Mine Mapinvestigation will be completed or the results of such investigation, including whether any litigation or enforcement action will be brought against us or the outcome or impact of any resulting litigation or enforcement action, nor can we predict any potential actions that may be taken by the relevant authorities. Any adverse development in the Operation Mine Mapinvestigation could subject us to potential fines or penalties under applicable law, materially adversely affect our public reputation, and could have a material adverse effect on us, including: (1) threatening our ability to obtain new financing, which could impair our ability to operate our business; and (2) shifting management’s focus to these matters, which could harm our ability to meet our strategic objectives. Additionally, while we have taken, and are continuing to take, measures to enhance our compliance programs, which are intended to assist us in detecting and preventing bribery and corruption, there can be no assurance that these efforts will enable us to detect or prevent all such activities.

We could be adversely affected by violations of anti-corruption laws and regulations.

We are required to comply with Brazilian anti-corruption laws and regulations, including Brazilian Law No. 12,846/2013, or the Brazilian Anti-Corruption Law, as well as anti-corruption laws and regulations in other jurisdictions, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, or the FCPA.

The Brazilian Anti-Corruption Law, the FCPA and similar anti-corruption laws in other jurisdictions generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to government officials or other persons for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Recent years have seen a substantial increase in anti-corruption law enforcement activity, with more frequent and aggressive investigations and enforcement proceedings by both the U.S. Department of Justice and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, increased enforcement activity bynon-U.S. regulators, and increases in criminal and civil proceedings brought against companies and individuals. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-corruption laws. We operate, through our businesses, in countries that are recognized as having governmental and commercial corruption. We cannot assure you that our internal control policies and procedures will protect us from reckless or criminal acts committed by our employees, the employees of any of our businesses, or third party intermediaries. In the event that we believe or have reason to believe that our employees or agents have or may have violated applicable anti-corruption laws, including the FCPA, we may be required to investigate or have outside counsel investigate the relevant facts and circumstances, which can be expensive and require significant time and attention from senior management. Violations of these laws may result in criminal or civil sanctions, inability to do business with existing or future business partners (either as a result of express prohibitions or to avoid the appearance of impropriety), injunctions against future conduct, profit disgorgements, disqualifications from directly or indirectly engaging in certain types of businesses, the loss of business permits or other restrictions which could disrupt our business and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

Risks Relating to Our Operations

We face significant competition in the Brazilian market and increasing competition from other services, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

We face increasing competition throughout Brazil from other telecommunications service providers in each of our core service businesses. In our Residential Services business, we compete with other fixed-line voice service providers, primarily Claro S.A., or Claro, a subsidiary of América Móvil S.A.B. de C.V., and Telefônica Brasil S.A., a subsidiary of Telefónica S.A., or Telefônica Brasil. In addition to Claro and Telefônica Brasil, our Residential Services business competes for broadband subscribers with a myriad of smaller local and regional broadband services providers. Finally, our Residential Services business competes forPay-TV broadband subscribers with Claro and SKY Brasil Serviços Ltda., or SKY, and Telefônica Brasil. In our Personal Mobility Services business, we compete with Telefônica Brasil, Claro, and TIM Participações S.A., a subsidiary of Telecom Italia S.p.A., or TIM. In our Business to Business, or B2B, Services business, we compete with all of these competitors for small- andmedium-sized enterprise, or SME, and corporate subscribers (including governmental entities) for our fixed-line and mobile services.

Our primary competitors, Telefônica Brasil, TIM and Claro are each controlled by multinational companies that may have more significant financial and marketing resources, and greater abilities to access capital on a timely basis and on more favorable terms, than our company.

As a result of competition from mobile services, we expect (1) the number of our fixed lines in service to continue to decline as some of our customers eliminate their fixed-line services in favor of mobile services, and (2) the use of existing fixed lines for making voice calls to decline, as customers replace fixed-line calls in favor of calls on mobile phones as a result of the emergence of“all-net” plans, which allow a customer to make calls to any fixed-line or mobile device of any operator for a flat monthly fee. The reduction in the number of our fixed lines in service has negatively affected and is likely to continue to negatively affect our net operating revenue and margins.

The primary drivers of competition in the broadband industry are stability and quality of the service, speed and price, with discounts typically offered in the form of bundled services. Claro and Telefônica Brasil each offer broadband services at higher speeds than ours and both offer integrated voice, broadband andPay-TV services, typically as bundles, to the residential services market through a single network infrastructure. In addition, an increasing number of small local and regional providers are competing in the broadband space offeringfiber-to-the-home, or FTTH, at competitive prices. Future offerings by our competitors that are aggressively priced or that offer additional services could have an adverse effect on our net operating revenue and our results of operations.

We offerPay-TV services throughout the regions in which we provide residential services. ThePay-TV market in Brazil has been facing a steady drop in the number of subscribers since 2015 as a result of the financial crisis, piracy, and an increase in the cord-cutting effect resulting from more widespread use of OTT services in Brazil, such as Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, HBO Go and others.

We and each of our principal competitors in the mobile telecommunications market offer Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), or 3G, and our Long Term Evolution (LTE), or 4G, mobile telecommunications network technology. Our competitors have a much larger coverage footprint (in terms of cities covered) than we do both in 3G and 4G. In addition, the cost of maintaining our revenue share in this market may increase and in the future we may incur higher advertising and other costs as we attempt to maintain or expand our market presence. As mobile interconnection, or MTR, tariffs have declined in recent years, a trend towards SIM card consolidation has developed, reversing the trend of customers using multiple SIM cards to participate inon-net calling plans offered by multiple service providers; this trend has resulted, and may continue to result in, a decline in the size of our customer base. Acquiring each additional personal mobility customer entails costs, including sales commissions and marketing costs. Recovering these costs depends on our ability to retain such customers. Therefore, high rates of customer churn could have a material adverse effect on the profitability of our Personal Mobility Services business. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the average monthly churn rate of our Personal Mobility Services business, representing the number of subscribers whose service was disconnected during each month, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, divided by the number of subscribers at the beginning of such month, was 3.28% per month. Our inability to compete effectively to maintain and increase our market share in this market could adversely affect our net operating revenue and profitability.

Our mobile subscribers are demanding higher quality and more data availability, which require higher investments in development, modernization, expansion and continuous improvement in service quality and customers’ experience. As discussed above, some of our competitors may have greater access to cheaper capital and the ability to invest in new technologies, including 4.5G and 700 MHz frequencies. Oi is the only operator in the market that does not have a license for the 700 MHz frequency.

As a result of the increased availability of 4G mobile network technology, there has been an increase in the use of OTT services in Brazil, including instant internet messaging and Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP, and services on smartphone applications such as Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp. OTT applications are often free of charge, other than for data usage, accessible by smartphones, tablets and computers and allow their users to have access to potentially unlimited messaging and voice services over the internet, bypassing more expensive traditional voice and messaging services such astwo-way short (or text) message services known as SMS, which have historically been, but are no longer a source of significant revenues. With the growing use of smartphones in Brazil, an increasing number of customers are using OTT application services as a substitute for traditional voice or SMS communications. As a result, we see the migration of traffic from voice to data and consequently the introduction of offers from almost all competitors of unlimited voice plans in their portfolio, accelerating the process of commoditization of voice service. These trends could have an adverse effect on the average revenue per unit, or ARPU, generated by our mobile customer base and our profitability.

TheCOVID-19 pandemic could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Since December 2019,SARS-CoV-2, a novel strain of coronavirus referred to asCOVID-19, has spread throughout the world. On January 31, 2020, the World Health Organization announced thatCOVID-19 was a global health emergency and on March 3, 2020, the World Health Organization categorizedCOVID-19 as a pandemic. TheCOVID-19 pandemic has resulted in numerous deaths and the imposition of local, municipal and national governmental“shelter-in-place” and other public health measures, border closures and other travel restrictions, causing unprecedented economic disruption in much of the world, including in Brazil.

The local, national and international response to the virus is quickly developing, fluid and uncertain. During March and April of 2020, state, local and municipal authorities within Brazil promoted and enforced public health measures, including social isolation and quarantine measures, and have enacted regulations limiting the operations of“non-essential” businesses. Inmid-March 2020, Rio de Janeiro and other Brazilian states declared a state of emergency. Although the Brazilian government has determined that the telecom sector is an essential service, which allows us to continue our field maintenance activities without violating restrictions on movement that have generally been imposed to combat the pandemic, in accordance with the recommendations of the authorities, we transitioned a substantial majority of our employees to work from home.

Although we have devoted considerable resources to preventative measures in order to reduce the potential impacts of theCOVID-19 pandemic on our employees, business, service and operations, there can be no assurance that these measures will be effective or that the pandemic will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, public health measures could affect our network quality in the event that our networks are unable to meet increased demand as a result of orders from the authorities that individuals stay at or work at home. In addition, sales of certain of our products and services, such as services offered throughdoor-to-door sales channels and sales made through our retail stores, will be reduced as a result of public health measures, which could negatively impact us. The impact of public health measures adopted in Brazil on the income and purchasing power of our subscribers, particularlylow-income subscribers and SMEs, some of whom may cease operations, could reduce their ability to pay us for services, which could result in a decline in our cash flows from operations and an increase in our expected losses on trade receivables. If any applicable governmental body imposes rules preventing our termination services as a result ofnon-payment, thus encouraging customer defaults on invoices, such measures are likely to result in a decline in our cash flows from operations and an increase in our expected losses on trade receivables. Finally, as a result of restrictions on certain activities, it is possible that our personnel may be unable to perform routine maintenance and installation activities, which could adversely affect our operations and sales. For more information regardingabout specific measures that we have adopted and potential impacts on our business operations, see “Item. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Potential Effects of theCOVID-19 Pandemic.”

We cannot predict the full effect of the pandemic on our business or on the Brazilian economy. Federal, state and municipal governments in Brazil may announce further restrictions on the general population and we cannot predict what effect this will have on our operations and sales in the long term. We cannot predict the duration of the pandemic, the effectiveness of governmental or other measures taken to attempt to curb the pandemic, or the duration of any such measures. In addition, following the pandemic and the termination of any such governmental restrictions, the needs and preferences of our customers may have been altered. None of the losses incurred or to be incurred by us as a result of theCOVID-19 pandemic, whether as a result of business interruption or inability to attract new customers, is covered by insurance currently held by us. As a result, any such losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We may be unable to implement our plans to expand and enhance our existing networks in Brazil in a timely manner or without unanticipated costs, which could hinder or prevent the successful implementation of our business plan and result in revenues and net income being less than expected.

Our business as a telecommunications services provider depends on our ability to maintain and expand our telecommunications services network. Our ability to achieve our strategic objectives depends in large part on the successful, timely and cost-effective implementation of our plans to expand and enhance our networks in Brazil. We believe that our expected growth will require, among other things:

We believe that these requirements will place significant demand on our managerial, operational and financial resources. Factors that could affect our implementation of our growth strategy include:

Although we believe that our cost estimates and implementation schedule are reasonable and have not been affected by factors relating to theCOVID-19 pandemic, we cannot assure you that the actual costs or time required to complete the implementation of these projects will not substantially exceed our current estimates, particularly if theCOVID-19 pandemic increases in severity or extends over a prolonged period of time. Any significant cost overrun or delay could hinder or prevent the successful implementation of our business plan and result in revenues and net income being less than expected. Failure to manage successfully our expected growth could reduce the quality of our services, with adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We make investments based on demand forecasts that may become inaccurate due to economic volatility and may result in revenues that are lower than expected.

We make certain investments, such as the procurement of materials and the development of our network infrastructure, based on our forecasts of the amount of demand that customers will have for our services at a later date. However, any major changes in the Brazilian economic scenario may affect this demand and therefore our forecasts may turn out to be inaccurate. For example, economic impacts of theCOVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures adopted in Brazil to combat this pandemic, economic crises that restrict credit to the population, and uncertainties relating to employment may result in a delay in the decision to acquire new products or services (such as broadband orPay-TV). As a result, it is possible that we may make larger investments based on demand forecasts than were necessary given actual demand at the relevant time, which may directly affect our cash flow.

Furthermore, improvements in economic conditions may have the opposite effect. For example, an increase in demand not accompanied by our investment in improved infrastructure may result in a possible loss of opportunity to increase our revenue or result in the degradation of the quality of our services.

We rely on strategic suppliers of equipment, materials and certain services necessary for our operations and expansion. If these suppliers fail to provide equipment, materials or services to us on a timely basis, we could experience disruptions, which could have an adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations.

We are in the process of vendor consolidation by using only on a few strategic and most representative technology suppliers around the world to provide us with equipment and materials that we need in order to expand and to operate our business in Brazil. In addition, we rely on a third-party provider of network maintenance services in certain regions where we operate. There are a limited number of suppliers with the capability of providing the mobile network equipment and fixed-line network platforms that our operations and expansion plans require or the services that we require to maintain our networks. In addition, because the supply of mobile network equipment and fixed-line network platforms requires detailed supply planning and this equipment is technologically complex, it would be difficult for our company to replace the suppliers of this equipment. Suppliers of cables that we need to extend and maintain our networks may suffer capacity constraints or difficulties in obtaining the raw materials required to manufacture these cables. As a result, we are exposed to risks associated with these suppliers, including restrictions of production capacity for equipment and materials, availability of equipment and materials, delays in delivery of equipment, materials or services, and price increases, many of which may be exacerbated by the effects of theCOVID-19 pandemic and public health measures in Brazil and internationally to combat the pandemic. If these suppliers or vendors fail to provide equipment, materials or services to us on a timely basis or otherwise in compliance with the terms of our contracts with these suppliers, we could experience disruptions or declines in the quality of our services, which could have an adverse effect on our revenues and results of operations, and we might be unable to satisfy the requirements contained in our concession and authorization agreements.

Certain essential equipment is subject to risks related to importation, and we acquire other essential equipment from a limited number of domestic suppliers, which may further limit our ability to acquire such essential equipment in a timely and cost effective manner.

The high growth in data markets in general, and broadband in particular, may result in a limited supply of equipment essential for the provision of such services, such as data transmission equipment and modems. The restrictions on the number of manufacturers imposed by the Brazilian government for certain essential equipment, mainly data transmission equipment and modems, and the geographical locations ofnon-Brazilian manufacturers of this essential equipment, pose certain risks, including:

If any of these risks materialize, they may result in our inability to provide services to our customers in a timely manner or may affect the prices of our services, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be unable to respond to the trend towards consolidation in the Brazilian telecommunications market.

The Brazilian telecommunications market has been subject to consolidation. Mergers and acquisitions may change market dynamics, create competitive pressures and force small competitors to find partners, and may require us to adjust our operations, marketing strategies, and product portfolio. For example, in March 2015, Telefónica S.A., or Telefónica, acquired from Vivendi S.A., all of the shares of GVT Participações S.A., the controlling shareholder of Global Village Telecom S.A. This acquisition increased Telefónica’s share of the Brazilian telecommunications market, and we believe such trend is likely to continue in the industry as participants continue to pursue economies of scale. The entry of a new market participant with significant financial resources or potential changes in strategy by existing telecommunications service providers can change the competitive environment in the Brazilian market. We may be unable to keep pace with these changes, which could affect our ability to compete effectively and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additional joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions among telecommunications service providers are possible in the future. If such consolidation occurs, it may result in increased competition within our market. We may be unable to adequately respond to pricing pressures resulting from consolidation in our market, adversely affecting our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may also consider engaging in merger or acquisition activity in response to changes in the competitive environment, which could divert resources away from other aspects of our business.

Our commitment to meet the obligations of our Brazilian employees’ pension plans, managed by Fundação Sistel de Seguridade Social and Fundação Atlântico de Seguridade Social may be higher than what is currently anticipated, and therefore, we may be required to make additional contributions of resources to these pension plans or to record liabilities or expenses that are higher than currently recorded.

As sponsors of certain private employee pension plans in Brazil, which are managed by Fundação Sistel de Seguridade Social, or Sistel, and Fundação Atlântico de Seguridade Social, or FATL, our subsidiaries cover the actuarial deficits of these pension benefit plans, which provide guaranteed benefits to our retirees in Brazil and guaranteed future benefits to our current Brazilian employees at the time of their retirement. As of December 31, 2019, our Brazilian pension benefit plans had an aggregate deficit of R$633 million. Our commitment to meet these deficit obligations may be higher than we currently anticipate, and we may be required to make additional contributions or record liabilities or expenses that are higher than we currently record, which may adversely affect our financial results. If the life expectancy of the beneficiaries should exceed the life expectancies included in the actuarial models, the level of our contributions to these plans could increase. If the managers of these plans should suffer losses on the investments of the assets of these plans, we would be required to make additional contributions to these plans in order for these plans to be able to provide the agreed benefits. Any increase in the level of our contributions to these plans as a result of an increase in life expectancy or a decline in investment returns could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. For a more detailed description of our Brazilian pension plans, see “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—Employees—Employee Benefits—Pension Benefit Plans.”

As a result of the RJ Proceedings, andcertain of our unfunded obligations under our post-retirement plans were novated. As of December 31, 2019, we had recorded R$633 million on our balance sheet as “liability for pension benefits,” net of provision for unfunded status on our balance sheet, represented by the financialcommitment under the terms of the RJ Plan related to the financial obligations agreement, entered into by Oi and FATL intended for the payment of the mathematical provision without coverage by the plan’s assets. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Our Recent History6. Directors, Senior Management and Development—Our Judicial Reorganization Proceedings.”

Share Splits

On November 18, 2014, Oi’s shareholders acting in an extraordinary general shareholders meeting authorized (1) the reverse split of all of Oi’s issued common shares into one common share for each 10 issued common shares,Employees—Employees—Employee Benefits—Pension Benefit Plans—Fundação Atlântico de Seguridade Social—TCSPREV Plan” and (2) the reverse split of all of Oi’s issued preferred shares into one preferred share for each 10 issued preferred shares. This reverse share split became effective on December 22, 2014. There was no change in the ratio of Common ADSs or Preferred ADSs in connection with this reverse share split; each Common ADS continuednote 27 to represent one Common Share and each Preferred ADS continues to represent one Preferred Share. All references to numbers of shares of Oi, dividend amounts of Oi and earnings per share of Oiour audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual reportreport.

Risks Relating to Brazil

The Brazilian government has exercised, and continues to exercise, significant influence over the Brazilian economy. This influence, as well as Brazilian political and economic conditions, could adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition and the market prices of our Common Shares, preferred shares and ADSs.

Oi is a Brazilian corporation, and substantially all of our operations and customers are located in Brazil. Accordingly, our financial condition and results of operations are substantially dependent on Brazil’s economy. The Brazilian federal government frequently exercises significant influence over the Brazilian economy and occasionally makes significant changes in policy and regulations. The Brazilian government’s actions to control inflation and implement macroeconomic policies have often involved, among other measures, changes in interest rates, changes in tax policies, wage and price controls, foreign exchange controls, currency devaluations, blocking access to bank accounts, imposing capital controls and limits on imports. We do not have any control over, and are unable to predict, which measures or policies the Brazilian government may adopt in the future. Our business, results of operations and financial condition and the market price of our Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs may be adversely affected by changes in government policies or regulations, especially those related to the telecommunications sector, such as changes in rates and competitive conditions, as well as general economic factors, including:

Uncertainty over whether the Brazilian federal government will implement changes to the policies, regulations or standards affecting these or other factors in the future may affect economic performance and contribute to economic uncertainty in Brazil and to heightened volatility in the Brazilian securities markets and securities issued abroad by Brazilian issuers, which may have an adverse effect on us and the trading price of our Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs.

Ongoing political instability has adversely affected the Brazilian economy, our business and results of operations and may adversely affect the market price of our Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs.

The Brazilian economy has been affected by political events in Brazil, which have also affected the confidence of investors and the public in general, adversely impacting the performance of the Brazilian economy and heightening the volatility of securities issued by Brazilian companies.

Brazilian markets have also experienced heightened volatility due to uncertainties derived from the ongoing investigations conducted by the Brazilian Federal Police and the Federal Prosecutor’s Office (Ministério PúblicoFederal), among which is Operation Car Wash (OperaçãoLava Jato). Such investigations have impacted the Brazilian economy and political environment. Numerous members of the Brazilian government and of the legislative branch, as well as senior officers of large state-owned and private companies, have been adjustedconvicted of political corruption related to givebribes by means of kickbacks on contracts granted by the government to several infrastructure, oil and gas and construction companies, among others. Profits of these kickbacks allegedly financed the political campaigns of political parties that were unaccounted for or not publicly disclosed, and served to further the personal enrichment of the recipients of the bribery schemes. As a result, a number of senior politicians, including former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, congressmen and officers of the major state-owned and private companies in Brazil, resigned and/or have been arrested, and numerous senior elected officials and other public officials are being investigated for unethical and illegal behavior.

The outcome of these investigations is uncertain, but they have already had an adverse impact on the image and reputation of the implicated companies, and on the general market perception of Brazil. The development of these investigations has and may continue to adversely affect us. We cannot predict whether the ongoing investigations will affect the market or will lead to heightened economic and political volatility in Brazil, nor whether new investigations against politicians and/or officers of private companies will occur in the future.

In addition, in October 2018, Brazilians elected federal congressmen, state congressmen,two-thirds of the total number of senators and governors, and the president, and the new elected officials took office at the beginning of 2019. Following a divisive presidential race, Congressman Jair Bolsonaro became Brazil’s president on January 1, 2019.

Any continuation of such divisions could result in congressional deadlock, political unrest and massive demonstrations and/or strikes that could materially adversely affect our operations. Uncertainties in relation to the implementation by the new administration of changes relating to monetary, tax and pension funds policies, as well as to the relevant legislation that must be passed to implement them, may contribute to economic instability. These uncertainties and new measures may increase market volatility of Brazilian securities issued abroad.

The President of Brazil has the power to determine policies and issue governmental acts related to the Brazilian economy that affect the operations and financial performance of companies, including us. We cannot predict which policies the newly elected president will adopt or if these policies or changes in current policies may have an adverse effect on us or the Brazilian economy.

Fluctuations in exchange rates may lead to substantial losses on our liabilities denominated in or linked to foreign currencies.

Since 1999, exchange rates for thereal have been set by the market, i.e., a floating exchange rate system. Although long-term depreciation of thereal is generally linked to the rate of inflation in Brazil, depreciation of thereal occurring over shorter periods of time has resulted in significant variations in the exchange rate between thereal, the U.S. dollar and other currencies. The exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Brazilianreal has experienced significant fluctuations in recent years. Therealdepreciated against the U.S. dollar by 47.1% during 2015. During 2016, thereal appreciated against the U.S. dollar by 16.5% and thereal depreciated against the U.S. dollar by 1.5% in 2017, 17.1% in 2018, and 4.0% in 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, R$18,294 million, or 57.8%, of our total consolidated borrowings and financing was denominated in currencies other than thereal, excluding the fair value adjustment to our borrowings and financing and debt issuance costs, and R$9,521 million, or 52.2%, of our total consolidated borrowings and financing was denominated in currencies other than thereal, after giving effect to the fair value adjustment to our borrowings and financing and debt issuance costs. When thereal depreciates against foreign currencies, we incur losses on our liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, such as our U.S. dollar-denominated PIK Toggle Notes and export credit facilities, and we incur gains on our monetary assets denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, as the liabilities and assets are translated intoreais. On the other hand, when therealdepreciates against foreign currencies, we incur gains on the balance of our fair value adjustment as a consequence of the gross debt balance, which partially offsets the negative impact on our borrowings and financings. If significant depreciation of thereal were to occur when the value of such liabilities significantly exceeds the value of such assets, including any financial instruments entered into for hedging purposes, we could incur significant losses, even if the value of those assets and liabilities has not changed in their original currency. In addition, a significant depreciation in thereal could adversely affect our ability to meet certain of our payment obligations. A failure to meet certain of our payment obligations could trigger a default under certain financial covenants in our debt instruments, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The significant depreciation of thereal subsequent to December 31, 2019, partially due to the10-for-oneCOVID-19 reverse share split.

On February 1, 2016,pandemic and the public health measures adopted to combat the pandemic in Brazil and internationally, is expected to have effects on our U.S. dollar-denominated indebtedness and interest expenses, negatively affecting our results of operations. Notwithstanding the adverse effects on the carrying amounts of our financial liabilities, we changeddo not anticipate any substantial effect on our liquidity as there are few short-term payment obligations under our indebtedness, which we have hedged by continuing to hold a portion of the ratio applicableproceeds from our sale of PT Ventures in U.S. dollars. However, a prolonged deterioration of the value of thereal could adversely affect our ability to Common ADSs from one Common Share per Common ADSmeet our payment obligations on our indebtedness when future amortization payments become due. A portion of our capital expenditures and operating leases require us to five Common Shares per Common ADS. All referencesacquire assets or use third-party assets at prices denominated in or linked to numbersforeign currencies, some of Common ADSswhich are financed by liabilities denominated in this annual report have been adjustedforeign currencies, principally the U.S. dollar. We generally do not hedge exposures relating to give effectour capital expenditures against risks related to this change in ratio.

Market Share and Other Information

We make statements in this annual report about our market share and other information relating to the telecommunications industry in Brazil. We have made these statements on the basis of information obtained from third-party sources and publicly available information that we believe are reliable, such as information and reports from ANATEL, among others. Notwithstanding any investigation that we may have conducted with respect to the market share, market size or similar data provided by third parties or derived from industry or general publications, we assume no responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any such information.

Rounding

We have made rounding adjustments to reach some of the figures included in this annual report. As a result, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT WITH RESPECT TO FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report contains forward-looking statements. Some of the matters discussed concerning our business operations and financial performance include forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, or the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or that include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates” and similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions, these statements are subject to several risks and uncertainties and are made in light of information currently available to us.

Many important factors could cause our actual results to differ substantially from those anticipated in our forward-looking statements, including, among other things:

Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and our actual results or other developments may differ materially from the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements. As for forward-looking statements that relate to future financial results and other projections, actual results will be different due to the inherent uncertainty of estimates, forecasts and projections. Because of these uncertainties, potential investors should not rely on these forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

PART I

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Selected Financial Information

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements (including the notes thereto), “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Presentation of Financial and Other Information.”

The following selected financial data have been derived from our consolidated financial statements. The selected financial data as of December 31, 20182019 and 20172018 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 2017 and 20162017 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. The selected financial data as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 and for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 20142017 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements that are not included in this annual report. We have not included selected financial data as of or for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 as such information cannot be provided on a restated basis without unreasonable effort or expense.

The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and “Presentation of Financial and Other Information.”

Oi has not paid any dividends and/or interest attributable to shareholders’ equity since January 1, 2014.

Exchange Rates

The Brazilian foreign exchange system allows the purchase and sale of foreign currency and the international transfer ofreais by any person or legal entity, regardless of the amount, subject to certain regulatory procedures.

Since 1999, the Brazilian Central Bank has allowed the U.S. dollar-real exchange rate to float freely, and, since then, the U.S. dollar-real exchange rate has fluctuated considerably.

In the past, the Brazilian Central Bank has intervened occasionally to control unstable movements in foreign exchange rates. We cannot predict whether the Brazilian Central Bank or the Brazilian government will continue to permit thereal to float freely or will intervene in the exchange rate market through the return of a currency band system or otherwise. Thereal may depreciate or appreciate against the U.S. dollar and/or the euro substantially. Furthermore, Brazilian law provides that, whenever there is a significant imbalance in Brazil’s balance of payments or there are serious reasons to foresee a significant imbalance, temporary restrictions may be imposed on remittances of foreign capital abroad. We cannot assure you that such measures will not be taken by the Brazilian government in the future. See “ —Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Brazil—Fluctuations in exchange rates may lead to substantial losses on our liabilities denominated in or linked to foreign currencies.”

The following table shows the commercial selling rate or selling rate, as applicable, for U.S. dollars for the periods and dates indicated.The information in the “Average” column represents the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the periods presented.

Source: Brazilian Central Bank

Risk Factors

You should consider the following risks as well as the other information set forth in this annual report when evaluating an investment in our company. In general, investing in the securities of issuers in emerging market countries, such as Brazil, involves a higher degree of risk than investing in the securities of issuers in the United States. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or those that we currently deem to be immaterial, may also materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Any of the following risks could materially affect us. In such case, the market price of the Common Shares, Preferred Shares and ADSs could be adversely affected.

Risks Relating to the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry and Regulatory Environment

The Brazilian telecommunications industry is highly regulated. Changes to these regulations have and may continue to adversely impact our business.

The Brazilian telecommunications industry is highly regulated by ANATEL. ANATEL regulates, among other things, rates, quality of service and universal service goals, as well as competition among telecommunications service providers. Changes in laws and regulations, grants of new concessions, authorizations or licenses or the imposition of additional universal service obligations, among other factors, may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. For more information, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry.”

We cannot predict whether ANATEL or the Brazilian government will adopt these or other telecommunications sector policies in the future, or the consequences of such policies on our business or the business of our competitors. In the event that any modification of the regulatory scheme or new regulations applicable to our company are adopted that increase the costs of compliance to our company, whether through capital expenditure requirements, increased service requirements, increased costs for renewal of our authorizations and licenses, increased exposure to regulatory penalties or otherwise, these modifications and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our concession agreements and authorizations contain certain obligations, and our failure to comply with these obligations may result in various fines and penalties being imposed on us by ANATEL.

Our local fixed-line and domestic long-distance concession agreements in Brazil contain terms reflecting the General Plan of Universal Service Goals (Plano Geral de Metas de Universalização), or the PGMU, the General Plan of Quality GoalsManagement Regulations (Plano GeralRegulamento de Metas deGestão da Qualidade), or the PGMQ,RGQ, which was adopted by ANATEL in June 2013, and was partially superseded by the Quality of Telecommunications Services Regulation (Regulamento de Qualidade dos Serviços de Telecomunicações), or the RQUAL, in December 2019, and other regulations adopted by ANATEL, the terms of which could affect our financial condition and results of operations. Our local fixed-line concession agreements in Brazil also require us to meet certain network expansion, quality of service and modernization obligations in each of the Brazilian states in our service areas. In the event of noncompliance with ANATEL targets in any one of these states, ANATEL can establish a deadline for achieving the targeted level of such service, impose penalties and, in extreme situations, terminate the applicable concession agreement for noncompliance with our quality and universal service obligations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Fixed-Line Telephone Services.”

In addition, our authorizations to provide personal mobile services contain certain obligations requiring us to meet network scope and quality of service targets. If we fail to meet these obligations, we may be fined by ANATEL until we are in full compliance with our obligations and, in extreme circumstances, our authorizations could be revoked by ANATEL. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Mobile Telephone Services.”

On an almost weekly basis, we receive inquiries from ANATEL requiring information from us on our compliance with the various service obligations imposed on us by our concession agreements. If we are unable to respond satisfactorily to those inquiries or comply with our service obligations under our concession agreements, ANATEL may commence administrative proceedings in connection with such noncompliance. We have received numerous notices of commencement of administrative proceedings from ANATEL, mostly due to our inability to achieve certain targets established in the PGMU and the PGMQ.RGQ. For more information, see “Item 8. Financial Information—Legal Proceedings—Civil Claims Relating to Oi S.A. and Our Brazilian Operations—Administrative Proceedings.”

Our concession agreements in Brazil are subject to periodic modifications by ANATEL, and we cannot assure you that the modifications to these concession agreements will not have adverse effects on our company.

We provide fixed-line telecommunications services in our Brazilian service areas pursuant to concession agreements with the Brazilian government. These concession agreements expire on December 31, 2025 and may be amended by the parties every five years prior to the expiration date. In connection with each five-year amendment, ANATEL has the right, following public consultations, to impose new terms and conditions in response to changes in technology, competition in the marketplace and domestic and international economic conditions.

Our concession agreements were last amended in 2011. In 2014, ANATEL held a public comment period for the 2015 revision of the terms of our concession agreements and met regularly with us throughout 2015 to discuss possible amendments, and in 2016 the Brazilian Ministry of Communication issued an ordinance addressing guidelines for the establishment of a new regulatory framework for telecommunications, in line with the provisions of legislation that was introduced in the Brazilian Congress, which we refer to as PLC 79, to substantially amend certain features of the current regulatory framework of the Brazilian telecommunications industry. For more information about PLC 79, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Fixed-Line Telephone Services—Our Concessions and Authorizations.” Despite these efforts, our concession agreements have not yet been amended, as a result of the Brazilian Congress’s failure to date to pass PLC 79, passage of which is required to provide the necessary legal authority for ANATEL to implement the proposed changes to our concession agreements. Further discussions regarding amendments to our concession agreements have halted pending resolution of PLC 79. Under their existing terms, our concession agreements may be amended by December 2020 at the latest. If PLC 79 is not passed, our concession agreements will expire in 2025 without the possibility of renewal. For more information about our concession agreements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Fixed-Line Telephone Services—Our Concessions and Authorizations.”

In connection with the consideration of revisions to the concession agreements under the public regime, in January 2017, ANATEL proposed revisions to the terms of the General Plan of Grants (Plano Geral de Outorgas), or the PGO, in line with the provisions of PLC 79. However, as a result of the legislative gridlock faced by PLC 79, ANATEL has halted implementation of the PGO. For more information about PLC 79 and ANATEL’s proposed revisions to the terms of the PGO, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—Regulation of the Brazilian Telecommunications Industry—Our Services—Fixed-Line Telephone Services—Our Concessions and Authorizations.”

We cannot assure you that any future amendments to our concession agreements will not impose requirements on our company that will require us to undertake significant capital expenditures or will not modify the rate-setting procedures applicable to us in a manner that will significantly reduce the net operating revenue that we generate from our Brazilian fixed-line businesses. If the amendments to our Brazilian concession agreements have these effects, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We cannot assure you that our bids for new concessions upon the expiration of our existing concessionswe will be successfulable to convert our concessions into authorizations or renew our concessions in a timely or cost-effective manner.

On October 3, 2019, the President of Brazil signed Law No. 13,879, which amended the Brazilian General Telecommunications Law (Lei Geral das Telecomunicações), or the General Telecommunications Law, to allow, among other things, providers of fixed-line telecommunications services operating under a concession in the public regime to convert their concessions into authorizations to operate in the private regime and thereby eliminate a number of obligations currently imposed by the concession regime. In exchange, providers may be required to assume obligations to make additional investments in their networks, primarily related to the expansion of broadband services. The cost of the additional investments in exchange for the elimination of such obligations, would be subject to discussion between the parties, with ANATEL having the ability to make the final valuation. In addition, the new law permits providers to renew their concession for indefinite additional20-year periods, whereas previously only one20-year renewal period was allowed, provided that at least 30 months prior to each expiration date, the pending expirationproviders have complied with the obligations required of them under the applicable concession. Prior to the passage of Law No. 13,879, our concession agreements would have expired in 2025 without the possibility of renewal. In February 2020, ANATEL proposed regulations to implement Law No. 13,879, including the rules that will govern the conversion of concessions into authorizations. These proposed regulations are subject to a public consultation period that is expected to expire on April 30, 2020. We cannot predict when and to what extent these regulations will be adopted. Once these regulations are adopted, we expect that we will be able to migrate our public regime concessions into private-regime authorizations or renew our concessions, which would otherwise expire on December 31, 2025. However, as of the date of this annual report, we have not decided which option to pursue and cannot predict the cost of pursuing any of these concessions will not have adverse effectsoptions. For more information about Law No. 13,879, see “Item 4. Information on our ability to finance our operations.