TableTable of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
oREGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
x
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year endedDecember 31, 20182021
OR
OR
oTRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
oSHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 001-36906
INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY PLC
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
England and Wales
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor
London W1H 5BT
United Kingdom
(Address of principal executive offices)
Christopher Spears
Senior Vice President and General Counsel
IGT Center
10 Memorial Boulevard
Providence, RI  02903
Telephone:  (401) 392-1000
Fax:  (401) 392-4812
E-mail:  Christopher.Spears@IGT.com
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY PLC
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

England and Wales
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor
London W1H 5BT
United Kingdom
(Address of principal executive offices)

Christopher Spears
Executive Vice President and General Counsel
Telephone: (401) 392-1000 Fax: (401) 392-4812
E-mail: Christopher.Spears@IGT.com
IGT Center, 10 Memorial Boulevard, Providence, RI 02903
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of each exchange on which registered
Title of each className of each exchange on which registered
Ordinary Shares, nominal value $0.10IGTNew York Stock Exchange
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
203,688,118 204,210,731 ordinary shares, nominal value $0.10 per share.share
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 
xYes  oNo
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934. 
oYes  xNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:  (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
xYes  oNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
xYes  oNo
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
x
Accelerated filer
Accelerated filero
Non-accelerated filero
o
Emerging growth companyo
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. x
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAPx
x
 International Financial Reporting Standards as issued

by the International Accounting Standards Board
o
Other
o
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
oItem 17   oroItem 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
oYes  xNo
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
oYes  oNo





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PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND CERTAIN OTHER INFORMATION

International Game Technology PLC a public limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales (the “Parent”), has its corporate headquarters at 66 Seymour Street, 2nd floor, London, W1H 5BT, United Kingdom. The Parent is the successor to GTECH S.p.A., a società per azioni incorporated under the laws of Italy, and the sole stockholder of International Game Technology, a Nevada corporation. The Parent, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, has principal operating facilitiesis a global leader in Providence, Rhode Island; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Rome, Italy.
gaming. In this annual report on Form 20-F, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise indicates, all references to “IGT PLC” and the “Company” refer to the business and operations of the Parent and its consolidated subsidiaries.
This annual report on Form 20-F includes the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020, and 20162019 (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”) prepared in accordance with United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles as issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
The financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. All references to “U.S. dollars,” “U.S. dollar,” “U.S. $”$,” “USD,” and “$” refer to the currency of the United States of America. All references to “euro”“Euro,” “euro,” “EUR,” and “€” refer to the currency introduced at the start of the third stage of the European Economic and Monetary Union pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, as amended.
Amounts reported in millions are computed based on the amounts in thousands. Certain amounts in columns and rows within tables may not foot due to rounding. Percentages and earnings per share amounts presented are calculated from the underlying unrounded amounts.
The language of this annual report on Form 20-F is English. Certain legislative references and technical terms have been cited in their original language so that the correct technical meaning may be ascribed to them under applicable law. 



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Glossary of Certain Terms and Abbreviations (as

The glossary is used in thisto define common terms and abbreviations that appear throughout the annual report on Form 20-F)20-F. Other, less common, terms and phrases are defined in the sections in which they appear, as they may either be Company or industry-specific. Additionally, definitions in “Item 18. Financial Statements” stand alone and are independently defined in that section.
Abbreviation/TermDefinition
2019 OpinionASCthe opinion published on January 14, 2019 by the DOJ regarding enforcement of the Wire Act
ADMAgenzia delle Dogane e Dei Monopoli
AGMthe annual general meeting of the Parent's shareholders
ASCAccounting Standards Codification
AWPsASUamusement with prize machinesAccounting Standards Update
ArticlesB2Bthe Articles of Association of the Parent adopted on May 17, 2018business-to-business
B2BB2Cbusiness-to-businessbusiness-to-consumer
B2CBEATbusiness-to-consumerbase-erosion and anti-abuse tax
B&D HoldingBrexitB&D Holding di Marco Drago e C. S.a.p.a.the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union
BoardCEOthe board of directors of the Parent
Brexitthe vote by the U.K. to leave the E.U. and the terms of such departure
CA 2006Companies Act 2006, as amended
CEOChief Executive Officer
CFOChief Financial Officer
CodeCompanyInternal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
Companythe Parent together with its consolidated subsidiaries
COSOCommittee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
Credit SuisseCredit Suisse International
CTAItalian Consolidated Tax Act
De AgostiniDe Agostini S.p.A.
DOJEBITDAU.S. Department of Justice
DoubleDownDouble Down Interactive LLC
DTCThe Depository Trust Company
DTRDisclosure and Transparency Rules
EBITDAearnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization
E.U.European Union
Election FormGAAPa form submitted by a holder of Ordinary Shares who wishes to exercise the votes of the related Special Voting Shares pursuant to the terms of the Loyalty Plan
Eligible Persona person who has maintained ownership of Ordinary Shares in accordance with Articles and the Loyalty Plan for a continuous period of three years or more
Exchange ActSecurities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASBFinancial Accounting Standards Board
FMCsfacilities management contracts
GAAPUnited States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
GDPRE.U. General Data Protection Regulation
GTECHGILTIGTECH S.p.A.global intangible low-taxed income
Gratta e VinciiGamingthe Italian instant ticket lottery game
HMRCHer Majesty’s Revenue & Customs of the United Kingdom
IASinternational accounting standards
IFRSInternational Financial Reporting Standards
iGamingdigital (interactive) gaming
IGTInternational Game Technology, a Nevada corporation, prior to April 7, 2015
IGT PLCthe Parent together with its consolidated subsidiaries
IPintellectual property
late numberone of the 90 numbers of the Lotto game in Italy that has not been drawn for 100 drawings
LMAsLottery Management Agreements

Loyalty Plan
Abbreviation/TermDefinition
LNLotterie Nazionali S.r.l.
Lotto Licensethe Company's license for the operation of the Italian Gioco del Lotto game
LottoitaliaLottoitalia s.r.l., a joint venture company among Lottomatica, Italian Gaming Holding a.s., Arianna 2001 and Novomatic Italia
LottomaticaLottomatica Holding S.r.l.
Loyalty Planthe terms and conditions related to the Special Voting Shares
Loyalty Registerthe register of ordinary shares for which holders thereof have validly elected to exercise the related Special Voting Shares
LTINYSElong-term incentive compensation
LTIPlong-term incentive compensation plan
Moody’sMoody’s Investor Service
MBOsmanagement by objectives
NAGINorth America Gaming and Interactive
NALONorth America Lottery
NYSENew York Stock Exchange
OIParentcorporate operating income
ParentInternational Game Technology PLC
PFICsR&DPassive Foreign Investment Companies
PwC USPricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
R&Dresearch and development
RSUsSECrestricted share units
S&PStandard & Poor’s Ratings Services
SABSEC Staff Accounting Bulletin
SAB 118
SAB No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
same store revenuerevenue from existing customers as opposed to new customers
SECUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission
SOGstock ownership guidelines
Special Voting Sharesthe special voting shares in the Parent, worth U.S.$0000010.000001 each and carrying 0.9995 votes
STIshort-term incentive compensation
10eLottoa game of chance in Italy
Tax Actthe Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017
TPEU.K.third-party evidenceUnited Kingdom
TSRU.S.total shareholder return
U.K.United Kingdom
U.S.United States of America
UIGEAU.S.Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006
Variable Forward Transactionthe variable forward transaction entered into between De Agostini and Credit Suisse on May 22, 2018
VLTsvideo lottery terminals
VSOEvendor specific objective evidence
WAPwide area progressive
Wire ActU.S. Interstate Wire Act of 1961
WLAWorld Lottery Association

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report on Form 20-F includes forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning the Company and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions, and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, dividends, results of operations, or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of the management of the Company as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, such management. Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “shall,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project”“project,” or the negative or other variations of them. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made and are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the Company’s control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those predicted in the forward-looking statements and from past results, performance, or achievements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include (but are not limited to):

the possibility that the Parent will be unable to pay future dividends to shareholders or that the amount of such dividends may be less than anticipated;
the length, duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, including any new variants of the coronavirus, and the response of governments, including government-mandated property closures and travel restrictions;
the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations or the operations of our customers and suppliers;
the possibility that the Company may not achieve its anticipated financial results in one or more future periods;
reductions in customer spending;
a slowdown in customer payments and changes in customer demand for products and services as a result of changing
economic conditions or otherwise;
unanticipated changes relating to competitive factors in the industries in which the Company operates;
the Company’s ability to hire and retain key personnel;
the Company’s ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers in the manner anticipated;
the impact of supply chain constraints on the Company’s ability to meet demand for its products;
an increase in costs resulting from supply chain constraints, including, but not limited to, increases in input costs, labor costs and freight costs, among others;
reliance on and integration of information technology systems;
changes in legislation, governmental regulations, or the enforcement thereof that could affect the Company;
enforcement of an interpretation of the U.S. Interstate Wire Act of 1961 in such a manner as to prohibit or limit activities in which the Company and its customers are engaged;
international, national, or local economic, social, or political conditions that could adversely affect the Company or its customers;
customers;
conditions in the credit markets;
risks associated with assumptions the Company makes in connection with its critical
accounting estimates;
the resolution of pending and potential future legal, regulatory, or tax proceedings and investigations; and
the Company’s international operations, which are subject to the risks of currency fluctuations and foreign
exchange controls.

The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties that affect the Company’s business, including those described in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors”Factors and other documents filed by the Parent from time to time with the SEC. Except as required under applicable law, the Company does not assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements. Nothing in this annual report is intended, or is to be construed, as a profit forecast or to be interpreted to mean that earnings per share of the Parent for the current or any future financial years will necessarily match or exceed the historical published earnings per share of the Parent, as applicable. All forward-looking statements contained in this annual report on Form 20-F are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

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PART I
 
Item 1.
Item 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors
Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable.
 
Item 2.
Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
 
Item 3.
Key Information
A.
Selected Financial Data
The following tables set forth the Company's summary historical consolidated financial and other information for the periods indicated, which have been derived from the consolidated financial statements of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014.
The following information should be read in conjunction with: Item 3.Key Information
“Presentation of Financial and Certain Other Information;”
“Item 3.D. Risk Factors;”A.Reserved
“Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects;” and
The Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
Consolidated Income Statement Data
  For the years ended December 31,
($ thousands, except per share and dividend amounts) 2018 2017 2016 
2015 (2)
 
2014 (2)
Total revenue (1)
 4,831,256
 4,938,959
 5,153,896
 4,689,056
 3,812,311
Operating income (loss) 646,991
 (51,092) 660,436
 539,956
 715,051
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes 304,048
 (976,925) 323,413
 (17,031) 340,217
Net income (loss) 114,647
 (947,511) 264,207
 (55,927) 99,804
Attributable to:  
  
  
    
IGT PLC (21,350) (1,068,576) 211,337
 (75,574) 86,162
Non-controlling interests 115,671
 55,400
 45,413
 19,647
 13,642
Redeemable non-controlling interests 20,326
 65,665
 7,457
 
 
Net (loss) income attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic (0.10) (5.26) 1.05
 (0.39) 0.50
Net (loss) income attributable to IGT PLC per common share - diluted (0.10) (5.26) 1.05
 (0.39) 0.49
Dividends declared per common share ($) (3)
 0.80
 0.80
 0.80
 0.40
 1.97
(1) The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and all subsequent amendments (collectively "ASC 606") in the first quarter of 2018 using a modified retrospective application approach. Results for reporting periods on or after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606. Prior period amounts were not adjusted and, as such, are not comparable.
(2) On April 7, 2015, GTECH S.p.A. acquired IGT. Prior to April 7, 2015, the historical information presented reflects the results of GTECH S.p.A. only.
(3) Dividends declared in euro in 2014 were translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect on the date the dividends were declared.






Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
  December 31,
($ thousands, except share amounts) 2018 2017 2016 2015 
2014 (1)
Cash and cash equivalents 250,669
 1,057,418
 294,094
 627,484
 307,422
Total assets (2)
 13,648,502
 15,159,208
 15,060,162
 15,163,295
 8,458,297
Debt (3)
 8,012,089
 8,376,559
 7,863,162
 8,334,173
 2,959,471
Redeemable non-controlling interests 
 356,917
 223,141
 
 
Total equity 2,751,929
 2,354,931
 3,425,665
 3,366,142
 2,947,720
Attributable to IGT PLC 1,807,899
 2,004,995
 3,068,699
 3,017,648
 2,569,837
Attributable to non-controlling interests 944,030
 349,936
 356,966
 348,494
 377,883
Common stock 20,421
 20,344
 20,228
 20,024
 217,171
Common shares issued 204,210,731
 203,446,572
 202,285,166
 200,244,239
 174,976,029
(1) On April 7, 2015, GTECH S.p.A. acquired IGT. Prior to April 7, 2015, the historical information presented reflects the results of GTECH S.p.A. only.
(2) The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash ("ASU 2016-18"), in the first quarter of 2018. In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-18, the Company corrected its consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2015 and 2014 to include additional amounts of restricted cash and cash equivalents of $48.6 million and $23.0 million, respectively, which had previously been offset against current liabilities of the same amounts.
(3) Debt is composed of long-term debt, including current portion and short-term borrowings. 

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C.
C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D.
D.Risk Factors
Risk Factors
The following risks should be considered in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”, the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, included in this annual report, and the other risks described in the Safe Harbor Statement set forth in Item 5.G.5. These risks may affect the Company's operating results and, individually or in the aggregate, could cause its actual results to differ materially from past and anticipated future results. The following discussion of risks may contain forward-looking statements which are intended to be covered by the Safe Harbor Statement. Except as may be required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. The Company invites you to consult any further related disclosures made by the Parent from time to time in materials filed with or furnished to the SEC.
Risks related to the Company's Business and Industry
The global political and economic climate may impact the Company and its results of operations, business, financial conditions, and prospects
The Company is a global business and it is exposed to risks associated with the performance of the global economy. The volatility of the financial markets shows that there can be no assurance that there will not be a recurrence of global financial and economic crises or similar adverse market conditions.
Additionally, poor economic, political, and health conditions, riots, and unemployment may affect the Company's workforce and supply chain, as well as the general business environment, in specific markets in which the Company operates, including tribal jurisdictions. The Company's business is particularly sensitive to reductions in discretionary consumer spending in the markets in which it operates, which may be affected by general economic or political conditions in these markets.

Economic risks of doing business globally include:
Inflation and currency exchange risk;
High interest rates, debt default, or unstable capital markets;
Additional costs of compliance with the laws of international jurisdictions;
Illiquid or restricted foreign exchange markets;
Restrictions on foreign direct investment; and
Exposure to severe weather, wildfires, and other natural events that could disrupt operations.
Political risks include:
Political instability or change of leadership in government;
Change of governmental laws, regulations, and policies and the enforcement thereof;
New foreign exchange controls regulating the flow of money into or out of a country;
Failure of a government to honor existing contracts;
Governmental corruption; and
Political unrest, war, and acts of terrorism.
If new tariffs are imposed by the U.S., China, or other countries that the Company is unable to mitigate, the Company may incur increased costs that it is unable to pass on to customers. Additional tariffs could increase the costs of the Company's products in certain markets, which may reduce customer demand.
Economic contraction, economic uncertainty, and the perception of weak or weakening economic conditions globally or in specific markets in which the Company operates may cause a decline in demand for the products and services that the Company offers. In addition, a decline in the relative health of the lottery or gaming industries and any difficulty or inability of customers to obtain adequate levels of capital to finance their ongoing operations may reduce their resources available to purchase the Company's products and services or make timely payments to the Company, which may adversely affect the Company's revenues or result in the Company incurring additional provisions for bad debts related to credit concerns on certain receivables, including in connection with customer financing provided by the Company. If the Company experiences a significant unexpected decrease in demand for its products or services, the Company could also be required to increase its inventory obsolescence reserves.
The vote by the U.K. to leave the E.U. ("Brexit") has created uncertainty that could impact the Company's operations, business, financial condition, or prospects
The current deadline for the U.K. to formally exit the E.U. is March 29, 2019. If the U.K.'s membership in the E.U. terminates without a formal withdrawal agreement, there could be further political and economic uncertainty in the U.K. and the E.U. that may impact the Company's global operations. Because the Company maintains significant operations in the E.U., Brexit could also impact intercompany transactions and increase certain tax liabilities. The Company’s ability to operate in Italy may be negatively impacted if Brexit does not maintain parity rights for U.K. and E.U. companies and the current Italian regulatory framework is modified as a result of Brexit. The Company continues to monitor Brexit and its potential impacts on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.
The Company has a concentrated customer base in certain business segments, and the loss of any of its larger customers (or lower sales from any of these customers) could lead to significantly lower revenue

A substantial portion of the Company’s revenues (equal to approximately 34.9% of its total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018) is derived from exclusive and non-exclusive licenses awarded to the Company by Agenzia delle Dogane e Dei Monopoli (“ADM” ("ADM"), the governmental authority responsible for regulating and supervising gaming in Italy. In particular, a substantial portionFor the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately 12% and 11%, respectively, of the Company’s total consolidated revenues is derived from two exclusive licenses, onewas earned for service provided for the operation of the Italian Gioco del Lotto game (the “Lotto License”) and one for instant tickets (equal to approximately 9.8%11% and 6.6%8%, respectively, of its total consolidated revenueswas earned for service provided for the year ended December 31, 2018).operation of the Italian Scratch & Win instant ticket game.

The Company expects that a significant portion of its revenues and profits will continue to depend upon the licenses awarded to the Company by ADM. Licenses may be terminated prior to their expiration dates upon the occurrence of certain events of default affecting the Company, or if such licenses are deemed to be against the public interest, or terminated or annulled if successfully challenged by competitors. The law providing the extension of the license for instant tickets in Italy has been challenged from two operators (Sisal and Stanleybet) and the European Court of Justice ("ECJ") has been asked to express an opinion on the compatibility of that law within the E.U. law principles. In addition, the conditions for any new license will be established by law and included in the rules of the new license. Any material reduction in the Company’s revenues from these licenses, including as a result of an annulment, early termination, or non-renewal of these licenses following their expiration, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.


In addition, recurring revenues from the Company’s top 10 customers internationally (outsideoutside of Italy)Italy accounted for approximately 17.5%25% of its total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021. If the Company were to lose any of these larger customers, or if these larger customers experience slower lottery ticketlower sales and consequently reduced lottery revenue,revenues, which are primarily service revenues, there could be a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

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The Company’s operations are dependent upon its continued ability to retain and extend its existing contracts and win new contracts

The Company derives a substantial portion of its revenues from its portfolio of long-term contracts in the North AmericaGlobal Lottery and International segmentssegment (equal to approximately 33.3%58% of its total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018)2021), awarded through competitive procurement processes. In addition, the Company’s U.S. lottery contracts typically permit a lottery authority to terminate the contract at any time for material, uncured breaches and for other specified reasons out of the Company's control, such as the failure by a state legislature to approve the required budget appropriations, and many of these contracts in the U.S. permit the lottery authority to terminate the contract at will with limited notice and do not specify the compensation to which the Company would be entitled were such termination to occur.

In the event that the Company is unable or unwilling to perform certain lottery contracts, such contracts permit the lottery authority a right to use the Company's system-related equipment and software necessary for the performance of the contract until the expiration or earlier termination of the contract.

The termination of or failure to renew or extend one or more of the Company’s lottery contracts, or the renewal or extension of one or more of the Company’s lottery contracts on materially altered terms, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 (“COVID-19”) has had and may continue to have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, operations, financial condition and operating results

The COVID-19 pandemic has been, and continues to be, complex and rapidly evolving, with governments, public institutions and other organizations imposing or recommending, and businesses and individuals implementing, restrictions on various activities or other actions to combat its spread, such as restrictions and bans on travel or transportation, stay-at-home directives, limitations on the size of gatherings, closures of work facilities, schools, public buildings and businesses, cancellation of events, including sporting events, concerts, conferences and meetings, and quarantines and lock-downs. The pandemic and its consequences, including the closure of almost all casinos and gaming halls globally in the first half of 2020, dramatically reduced demand for gaming products and services, which had a negative impact on all aspects of the Company’s gaming business. While many casinos and gaming halls have since reopened, some remain closed or have enacted new restrictions, and there can be no assurance that the Company will not be further affected by future shutdowns or other restrictions. The extent and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the Company’s future financial and operational performance remains uncertain, and will depend on future developments, including the duration and spread, and any increase in COVID-19 cases in the markets in which the Company operates (including as a result of the emergence of new COVID-19 variants), and related actions taken by U.S. and international governments, state and local officials to prevent and contain disease spread, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. Furthermore, some of the Company’s suppliers have experienced, and may continue to experience, adverse effects of the pandemic, including but not limited to constraints on ability to meet the Company’s supply requirements on schedule, bankruptcy or insolvency, any of which could impact the Company’s supply chain and its ability to meet demand for its products and its contractual commitments.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has taken measures to reduce the impact of the pandemic on its operations, including requiring most employees to work remotely. The Company may experience lower work efficiency and productivity among teams which require high levels of collaboration and interaction, which may affect service responsiveness and may interfere with the Company’s growth strategies. Further, the Company’s business operations could be disrupted at any time if any of the Company’s employees are suspected of infection, since this may cause its employees to be quarantined and/or its offices to be temporarily shut down.

The current, and uncertain future, impact of the COVID-19 outbreak is expected to continue to impact the Company’s results, operations, outlooks, plans, goals, growth, reputation, cash flows, and liquidity.

Adverse changes in discretionary consumer spending and behavior, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, or other similar health epidemics, may adversely affect the Company's business

Socio-political and economic factors that impact consumer confidence may result in decreased discretionary spending by consumers and have a negative effect on the Company's business. Unfavorable changes in social, political and economic conditions and economic uncertainties, as well as decreased discretionary spending by consumers, may adversely impact customers, suppliers and business partners in a variety of ways.

The revenue generated by the Company's business depends on consumers’ discretionary income and their level of gaming activity. Economic factors resulting in a reduction of such discretionary income could result in fewer lottery ticket sales and fewer patrons visiting casinos or engaging in online or digital gaming. A decline in discretionary income over an extended
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period could cause some of the Company’s customers to close casinos or other gaming operations, which would adversely affect the Company's business. A decline in casino visits may also have an adverse impact on the businesses of casino customers and their ability to purchase or lease products and services from the Company.

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the public perception thereof, has contributed to consumer unease and decreased discretionary spending and consumer travel, which have had, and may continue to have, a negative effect on the Company’s gaming business. Other future health epidemics or contagious disease outbreaks could do the same. The Company cannot predict the effects that the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, and any resulting unfavorable social, political, and economic conditions and decrease in discretionary spending or travel may have on the Company, as they would be expected to impact the Company’s customers, suppliers, and business partners in different ways. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the perception of risk of infection may affect consumer behavior as people may feel uncomfortable traveling or being in crowded environments such as casinos and gaming halls while the virus remains a threat. This may result in fewer patrons visiting casinos and gaming halls and fewer players purchasing lottery and sports betting products, and lower amounts spent per casino visit or lottery purchase, or reduced spend on sports betting and other online gambling activities. Any of these factors may negatively impact the results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition of the Company’s casino customers, their ability to purchase or lease the Company’s products and services and therefore the Company’s gaming business revenue, revenues to lotteries and, therefore, the Company’s lottery business revenue, and revenues to the Company’s online casino and sportsbook partners and, therefore, the Company’s sports betting and digital business revenue.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the resulting unfavorable economic conditions have also impacted and could continue to impact, the ability of the Company’s customers to make timely payments. These unfavorable conditions have caused, and could in the future cause, some of the Company’s customers to close casinos and gaming halls, decrease spending on marketing of or purchases of products or declare bankruptcy, which would adversely affect the Company’s business. The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in significant volatility in both the credit and equity markets, negatively impacting general economic conditions. The difficulty or inability of the Company’s customers to generate or obtain adequate levels of capital to finance their ongoing operations may reduce their ability to purchase the Company’s products and services. In the Company’s lottery business, difficult economic conditions may contribute to reductions in spending on marketing by customers and, in certain instances, less favorable terms under contracts, as many of the Company’s customers face budget shortfalls and seek to cut costs.

Slow growth or declines in the replacement of gaming machines, slow growth of new gaming jurisdictions or slow addition of casinos and gaming halls in existing jurisdictions may have an adverse impact on the Company

Demand for the Company’s gaming products and services is driven by the replacement of existing gaming machines in casinos and gaming halls, the establishment of new jurisdictions, the opening of additional casinos and gaming halls in existing jurisdictions, and the expansion of existing casinos and gaming halls. Slow growth or declines in the replacement cycle of gaming machines resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced and may continue to reduce the demand for the Company’s products and negatively impact the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

The opening of new casinos and gaming halls, expansion of existing casinos and gaming halls, and replacement of existing gaming machines in existing casinos and gaming halls fluctuate with demand, economic conditions, regulatory approvals, and the availability of financing, and have been, and could continue to be, adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the expansion of gaming into new jurisdictions can be a protracted process. Any of these factors could delay, restrict, or prohibit the expansion of the Company’s business and negatively impact the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

The Company is subject to substantial penalties for failure to perform

The Company’s Italian licenses, lottery contracts in the U.S. and in other jurisdictions, and other service contracts often require performance bonds or letters of credit to secure its performance under such contracts and require the Company to pay substantial monetary liquidated damages in the event of non-performance by the Company.

At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company had outstanding performance bonds and letters of credit in an aggregate amount of approximately $1.217$1.3 billion. These instruments present a potential for expense for the Company and divert financial resources from other uses. Claims on performance bonds, drawings on letters of credit, and payment of liquidated damages could individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.
The Company’s inability to successfully complete and integrate future acquisitions could limit its future growth or otherwise be disruptive to its ongoing business
From time to time, the Company expects it will pursue acquisitions in support
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Table of its strategic goals. There can be no assurance that acquisition opportunities will be available on acceptable terms or at all or that the Company will be able to obtain necessary financing or regulatory approvals to complete potential acquisitions. The Company’s ability to succeed in implementing its strategy will depend to some degree upon the ability of its management to identify, complete and successfully integrate commercially viable acquisitions. Acquisition transactions may disrupt the Company’s ongoing business and distract management from other responsibilities. In connection with any such acquisitions, the Company could face significant challenges in managing and integrating its expanded or combined operations, including acquired assets, operations, and personnel.Contents
Slow growth or declines in the lottery and gaming markets could lead to lower revenues for the Company
The Company’s dependence on large jackpot games and, specifically, the decline in aggregate sales at similar jackpot levels (“jackpot fatigue”) can have a negative impact on revenue from this game category. These developments may in part reflect increased competition for consumers’ discretionary spending, including from a proliferation of destination gaming venues and an increased availability of internet gaming opportunities.
The Company’s future success will depend, in part, on the success of the lottery industry and the gaming industryindustries in attracting and retaining new players in the face of such increased competition in the entertainment and gaming markets, as well as the Company's own success in developing innovative services, products and distribution methods/systems to achieve this goal. In addition, there is a risk that new products and services may replace existing products and services and the Company's customers might acquire or develop competencies that reduce their dependencies on the Company's product and services. The replacement of old products and services with new products and services may offset the overall growth of sales of the Company. A failure by the Company to achieve these goals could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Brexit has created uncertainty that could impact the Company's operations, business, financial condition, or prospects

The constructionU.K. exited the E.U. on January 31, 2020, which commenced a transition period through December 31, 2020, during which the U.K. continued to apply E.U. laws and regulations and the trading relationship between the U.K. and the E.U. remained the same. In December 2020, the U.K. and E.U. announced they had entered into a post-Brexit deal (the “Post-Brexit Trade Agreement”) on certain aspects of new casinos or expansiontrade and other strategic and political issues and on January 1, 2021, the U.K. left the European Union Single Market and Customs Union. The Post-Brexit Trade Agreement offers U.K. and E.U. companies preferential access to each other’s markets, ensuring imported goods will be free of existing casinos fluctuates with demand, generaltariffs and quotas; however, economic relations between the U.K. and the E.U. will now be on more restricted terms than existed previously. While the Post-Brexit Trade Agreement provides some clarity regarding the future relationship between the U.K. and the E.U., uncertainties remain and further negotiations are expected. The continued uncertainty following the U.K.’s withdrawal from the E.U. could adversely affect business activity, restrict the movement of capital and the mobility of personnel and otherwise impair political stability and economic conditions in the U.K., the E.U. and elsewhere. Any of these developments could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, future operations, operating results and cash flows.

The Company’s success depends in large part on its ability to develop and manage frequent introductions of innovative products and the availabilityability to respond to technological changes

The Company must continually introduce and successfully market new games and technologies to remain competitive and effectively stimulate customer demand. The process of financing. Slow growth indeveloping new products is inherently complex and uncertain. It requires accurate anticipation of changing customer needs and end-user preferences as well as emerging technological trends. If the establishment ofCompany's competitors develop new gaming jurisdictions, delays ingame content and technologically innovative products and the opening of new or expanded

casinos and declines in, or low levels of demand for, machine replacements could reduce the demand for the Company’s products. Because a substantial portion of the Company’s sales come from existing customers,Company fails to keep pace, its business could be affectedadversely affected. In addition, if one or morethe Company fails to accurately anticipate customer needs and end-user preferences through the development of its customers consolidates with another entity that uses more of thenew products and services oftechnologies, the Company’s competitors, reduces spending on the Company's products, or causes downward pricing pressures. Such consolidationCompany could lead to order cancellations, a slowing in the rate of gaming machine replacements, or require the Company’s current customers to switchlose business to its competitors’ products, any ofcompetitors, which could negatively impact the Company’swould adversely affect its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.
Demand for The Company intends to continue investing resources in research and the level of play ofdevelopment. There is no assurance that its investments in research and development will guarantee successful products. The Company invests heavily in product development in various disciplines: platform hardware, platform software, digital services, content (game) design and casino software systems. Because the Company’s newer products are generally more technologically sophisticated than those it has produced in the past, the Company must continually refine its design, development, and delivery capabilities across all channels to ensure product innovation. Newer products also require adequate supply of electronic components and other raw materials, for which the Company relies on third party suppliers. See “The Company faces supply chain risks that could be adversely affected by changes in social mores
The popularity and acceptance of gaming is influenced by the prevailing social mores, and changes in social mores could result in reduced acceptance of gaming as a leisure activity. The Company’s futureaffect its financial success will depend on the appeal of its products to its customers and players and the general acceptance of gaming.results” below. If the Company cannot efficiently adapt its processes and infrastructure to meet the needs of its product innovations, or if the Company is not ableunable to anticipate and reactsource adequate supplies to changes in consumer preferences and social mores,manufacture its newer products, its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects maycould be adversely affected.negatively impacted.

If the Company is unable to protect its intellectual property or prevent its unauthorized use by third parties, its ability to compete in the market may be harmed

The Company protects its intellectual property to ensure that its competitors do not use such intellectual property. However, intellectual property laws in the U.S., Italy, and in other jurisdictions may afford differing and limited protection, may not permit the Company to gain or maintain a competitive advantage, and may not prevent its competitors from duplicating its products, designing around its patented products, or gaining access to its proprietary information and technology.

The Company may not be able to prevent the unauthorized disclosure or use of its technical knowledge or trade secrets. For example, there can be no assurance that consultants, vendors, partners, former employees, or current employees will not breach their obligations regarding non-disclosure and restrictions on use. In addition, anyone could seek to challenge, invalidate, circumvent, or render unenforceable any of the Company's patents. The Company cannot provide assurance that any pending or future patent applications it holds will result in an issued patent, or that, if patents are issued, they would necessarily provide meaningful protection against competitors and competitive technologies or adequately protect the Company’s then-current
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technologies. The Company may not be able to detect the unauthorized use of its intellectual property, prevent breaches of its cybersecurity efforts, or take appropriate steps to enforce its intellectual property rights effectively. In addition, certain contractual provisions, including restrictions on use, copying, transfer, and disclosure of software, may be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions.

The Company’s success may depend in part on its ability to obtain trademark protection for the names or symbols under which it markets its products and to obtain copyright protection and patent protection of its technologies and game innovations. The Company may not be able to build and maintain goodwill in its trademarks or obtain trademark or patent protection, and there can be no assurance that any trademark, copyright, or issued patent will provide competitive advantages for the Company or that the Company’s intellectual property will not be successfully challenged or circumvented by competitors.

The Company intends to enforce its intellectual property rights, and from time to time may initiate claims against third parties that it believes are infringing its intellectual property rights. Litigation brought to protect and enforce the Company’s intellectual property rights could be costly, time-consuming,time consuming, and distracting to management, could fail to obtain the results sought, and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

If the Company is unable to license intellectual property from third parties, its ability to compete in the market may be harmed

The Company licenses intellectual property rights from third parties. If such third parties do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property rights underlying such licenses, or if such licenses are terminated or expire without being renewed, the Company could lose the right to use the licensed intellectual property, which could adversely affect its competitive position or its ability to commercialize certain of its technologies, products, or services.

In addition, some of the Company’s most popular games and features are based on trademarks, patents and other intellectual property licensed from third parties. The Company’s future success may depend upon its ability to obtain, retain and/or expand licenses for popular intellectual property rights with reasonable terms in a competitive market. If the Company cannot renew and/or expand existing licenses, it may be required to discontinue or limit its use of the games or gaming machines that use the licensed technology or bear the licensed marks, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.




Third party intellectual property infringement claims against the Company could limit its ability to compete effectively

The Company cannot provide assurance that its products do not infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. Infringement and other intellectual property claims and proceedings brought against the Company, whether successful or not, are costly, time-consumingtime consuming and distracting to management, and could harm the Company's reputation. In addition, intellectual property claims and proceedings could require the Company to do one or more of the following: (1) cease selling or using any of its products that allegedly incorporate the infringed intellectual property, (2) pay substantial damages, (3) obtain a license from the third-party owner, which license may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, (4) rebrand or rename its products, and (5) redesign its products to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties, which may not be possible and, if possible, could be costly, time-consuming,time consuming, or result in a less effective product. A successful claim against the Company could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company’s business may be adversely affected by competitionlower cost of entry into the gaming industry
The lottery
As a result of developments in digital and internet gaming, businesses existthe cost of entry to the gaming market has decreased significantly. This has resulted in a highly competitive environment. Digital and internet gaming have emerged as substantial methods of competition from existing competitors and, increasingly, new competitors as a result of the lower cost of entry. The Company faces significantincreased competition may result in the U.S., Italy, and worldwide inincreased pricing pressures on a number of ways, including:
A proliferation of destination gaming venues, and an increased availability of gaming opportunities including gaming opportunities on the internet;
Aggressive price competition from other lottery and gaming enterprises to gain market share;
Legal challenges by the Company's competitors to the awards of contracts to the Company, including challenges to the award of significant contracts;
Consolidation among gaming equipment and technology companies which are better able to compete by combining to increase their scale and operating efficiencies;
Entry of new competitors into the internet gaming market due to lower costs of entry;
Consolidation among casino operators and cutbacks in capital spending by casino operators; and
Less overall leisure time and discretionary spending by players increases competition from other forms of entertainment.
If any of these risks are realized, the Company’s competitive positionproducts and therefore itsservices, and may impact the Company’s results and financial position.

Divestitures may materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations business, financial condition, or prospectscash flows.

From time to time, the Company may be materially adversely affected.
The Company’s success dependspursue divestitures in large partsupport of its strategic goals. For example, on May 10, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its ability to develop and manage frequent introductions of innovative products and the ability to respond to technological changes
TheItalian B2C gaming industry is characterized by dynamic customer demand and technological advances, both for land-basedmachine, sports betting, and digital gaming products. Asbusinesses to Gamenet Group S.p.A. and on February 25, 2022, a result,wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company must continually introduce and successfully market new games and technologiesentered into a definitive agreement to remain competitive and effectively stimulate customer demand. The processsell the Company’s Italian commercial services business, to PostePay S.p.A. – Patrimonio Destinato IMEL. Divestitures involve risks, including difficulties in the separation of developing new products is inherently complex and uncertain. It requires accurate anticipation of changing customer needs and end-user preferences as well as emerging technological trends. If the Company's competitors develop new game content and technologically innovativeoperations, services, products and personnel, the diversion of management's attention from other business concerns, the disruption of business, the potential loss of key employees and the retention of uncertain contingent liabilities related to the divested business. The Company may not be successful in managing these or any
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other significant risks that it encounters in any divestiture the Company fails to keep pace, its businessmay undertake, and any such divestiture could bematerially and adversely affected. To remain competitive, the Company invests resources toward its research and development efforts to introduce new and innovative games and technology with dynamic features to attract new customers and retain existing customers. If the Company fails to accurately anticipate customer needs and end-user preferences through the development of new products and technologies, the Company could lose business to its competitors, which would adversely affect its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.
The Company intends to continue investing resources in research and development. There is no assurance that its investments in research and development will guarantee successful products. The Company invests heavily in product development in various disciplines: platform hardware, platform software, digital services, content (game) design and casino software systems. Because the Company’s newer products are generally more technologically sophisticated than those it has produced in the past, the Company must continually refine its design, development, and delivery capabilities across all channels to ensure product innovation. If the Company cannot efficiently adapt its processes and infrastructure to meet the needs of its product innovations, its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects could be negatively impacted.
The Company’s customers will purchase new products only if such products are likely to increase profits more than the Company's competitors’ products. The amount of profits primarily depends on consumer play levels, which are influenced by player demand for the Company’s products. There is no certainty that the Company’s new products will attain this market acceptance or that the Company’s competitors will not anticipate or respond to changing customer preferences more effectively than the Company. In addition, any delays by the Company in introducing new products could negatively impact its operating results by providing an opportunity for its competitors to introduce new products and gain market share.

The illegal gaming market could negatively affect the Company’s business,
A significant threat to the gaming industry arises from illegal activities. Such illegal activities may drain significant betting volumes away from the regulated industry. In particular, illegal gaming could take away a portion of the present players that are the focus of the Company’s business. The loss of such players could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations and cash flows, and may also result in a diversion of management attention, operational difficulties and losses. Further, there can be no assurance whether the strategic benefits and expected financial impact of any divestiture will be achieved.

The Company’s inability to successfully complete and integrate future acquisitions could limit its future growth or otherwise be disruptive to its ongoing business

From time to time, the Company expects it will pursue acquisitions in support of its strategic goals. There can be no assurance that acquisition opportunities will be available on acceptable terms or at all or that the Company will be able to obtain necessary financing or regulatory approvals to complete potential acquisitions. The Company’s ability to succeed in implementing its strategy will depend to some degree upon the ability of its management to identify, complete and successfully integrate commercially viable acquisitions. Acquisition transactions may disrupt the Company’s ongoing business financial condition,and distract management from other responsibilities. Further, the Company may incur unexpected costs, or prospects.fail to realize expected benefits from such acquisitions. In connection with any such acquisitions, the Company could face significant challenges in managing and integrating its expanded or combined operations, including acquired assets, operations, and personnel.

The Company faces reputational risks related to the use of social media
From time to time, the
The Company frequently uses social media platforms as marketing tools. These platforms allowprovide the Company, as well as individuals, with access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Negative commentary regarding the Company or the products it sells may be posted on social media platforms and similar devices at any time and may be adverse to the Company’s reputation or business. AsFurther, as laws and regulations rapidly evolve to govern the use of these platforms and mobile devices,social media, the failure by the Company, its employees or third parties acting at the Company's direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these platforms and devices could adversely impact the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations or subject it to fines or other penalties.

The Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition could be affected by severe weather and other geological events and geopolitical events in the locations where the Company’s customers, suppliers or regulators operate.

The Company may be impacted by severe weather and other geological events (including as a result of climate change), including hurricanes, earthquakes, floods or tsunamis, that could disrupt the Company’s operations or the operations of the Company’s customers, suppliers, data service providers and regulators. Natural disasters or other disruptions at any of the Company’s facilities or the Company’s suppliers’ facilities, may impair or delay the operation, development, provisions or delivery of the Company’s products and services. The Company’s operations could also be impacted by geopolitical events, such as the outbreak of hostilities, and other acts of violence, including escalation of war or terrorism, any of which could adversely affect the Company’s ability to operate and deliver its products and services. While the Company insures against certain business interruption risks, the Company cannot assure that such insurance will compensate the Company for any losses incurred as a result of natural or other disasters. Any serious disruption to the Company’s operations, or those of the Company’s customers, suppliers, data service providers, or regulators, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Legal and Compliance Risks

Changing enforcement of the U.S. Interstate Wire Act of 1961 (the "Wire Act") may negatively impact the Company's operations, business, financial condition, or prospects

On January 14, 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice (the “DOJ”) published an opinion (the "2019 Opinion") reversing its previously-issued opinion (the "2011 Opinion") that the Wire Act, which prohibits several types of wager-related communications over a “wire communications facility,” was applicable only to sports betting (the “2019 Opinion”).betting. The 2019 Opinion interprets the Wire Act as applying to other forms of gambling that cross state lines, though the precise scope of the 2019 Opinion is unclear, and the DOJ has not yet addressed how it plans to enforce the Wire Act in light of the 2019 Opinion. The DOJ has issued a memorandum stating that it will not enforce the 2019 Opinion prior to June 14, 2019. Further, the New Hampshire Lottery Commission and certain private parties have commenced litigation in federal district court in New Hampshire challenging the 2019 Opinion. In response to this and other lawsuits, the DOJ issued a memorandum in April 2019 acknowledging that the 2019 Opinion did not consider whether the Wire Act applies to State lotteries and ittheir vendors, and the DOJ is now considering this issue. In connection with such acknowledgment, the DOJ also extended the non-prosecution period for State lotteries and their vendors indefinitely while they consider the question. If the DOJ concludes that the Wire Act does apply to State lotteries and/or their vendors, they would extend the non-prosecution period for an additional period of 90 days after the DOJ publicly announces such position.

On June 3, 2019, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire ruled in favor of the plaintiffs and opined that the Wire Act applies only to sports betting and related activities (the “NH Decision”). The NH Decision also set aside the 2019
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Opinion leaving the 2011 Opinion as the DOJ's only stated opinion on the subject. On August 16, 2019, the DOJ filed a Notice of Appeal with respect to the NH Decision. On January 20, 2021, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit affirmed in part the NH Decision (the “First Circuit Decision”). The First Circuit Decision also vacated the portion of the NH Decision that set aside the 2019 Opinion. The DOJ had until June 21, 2021 to file a petition for writ of certiorari seeking review by the U.S. Supreme Court. However, the DOJ let that deadline pass without filing a writ or seeking an extension. Accordingly, the First Circuit Decision is final and unappealable. It is unclear howwhen the courtDOJ will rule. The Company’s management is evaluatingconclude its consideration of whether the OpinionWire Act applies to State lotteries and its implicationstheir vendors, or whether other courts would come to the Company, its customers,same conclusions set forth in the NH Decision and the industries in which the Company operates. The Company's management is also reviewing the pending litigation and considering all of its options for addressing the impacts, if any, of the 2019 Opinion.First Circuit Decision. If the Wire Act is broadly interpreted and enforced to prohibit activities in which the Company and its customers are engaged, the Company could be subject to investigations, criminal and civil penalties, sanctions and/or other remedial measures and/or the Company may be required to substantially change the way it conducts its business, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

On November 24, 2021, the Company filed a complaint against the DOJ in the U.S. District Court for the District of Rhode Island. The complaint seeks declaratory relief that the Wire Act applies only to sports betting and related activities. If granted, the Company would enjoy the same relief that the plaintiffs received in the NH Decision, that the Wire Act applies solely to sports betting and related activities wherever the Company’s United States businesses are located, as opposed to the current protection which is currently limited to the First Circuit.

The Company faces risks related to the extensive and complex governmental regulation applicable to its operations

The Company’s activities are subject to extensive and complex governmental regulation, including restrictions on advertising, increases in or differing interpretations by authorities on taxation, limitations on the use of cash, and anti-money laundering compliance procedures. These regulatory requirements are constantly evolving and may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In particular, the Italian government has recently banned gaming advertising and significantly raised gaming taxes. Any changes in the legal or regulatory framework or other changes, such as increases in the taxation of sports betting or gaming, changes in the compensation paid to licensees, or increases in the number of licenses, authorizations, or licenses awarded to the Company's competitors, could materially affect its profitability.

In addition, in the U.S. and in many international jurisdictions where the Company currently operates or seeks to do business, lotteries, sports betting, and gaming are not permitted unless expressly authorized by law. The successful implementation of the Company’s growth strategy and its business could be materially adversely affected if jurisdictions that do not currently authorize lotteries, sports betting, or gaming do not approve such activities or if those jurisdictions that currently authorize lotteries, sports betting, or gaming do not continue to permit such activities.

Investigations by governmental and licensing entities can result in adverse findings or negative publicity

From time to time, the Company is subject to extensive background investigations, and other investigations of various types are conducted by governmental and licensing authorities with respect to applicable gaming regulations. These regulations and investigations vary from time to time and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction where the Company operates. Because the Company’s reputation for integrity is an important factor in its business dealings with lottery and other governmental agencies, a governmental allegation or a finding of improper conduct by or attributable to the Company in any manner, the prolonged investigation of these matters by governmental or regulatory authorities, and/or the adverse publicity resulting therefrom could have a material adverse effect

on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects, including its ability to retain existing contracts or to obtain new or renewed contracts, both in the subject jurisdiction and elsewhere.

Failure to comply with data privacy laws, including the E.U. General Data Protection Regulation (the "GDPR")GDPR could result in significant penalties


The GDPR came into effect on May 25, 2018, expanding the rules on using personal data and increasing the risks of processing personal data compared to prior legislation and introducing new obligations on data controllers and rights for data subjects, including, among others:


accountability and transparency requirements, which will require data controllers to demonstrate and record compliance with the GDPR and to provide more detailed information to data subjects regarding processing;
enhanced data consent requirements, which includes "explicit" consent in relation to the processing of sensitive data;
obligations to consider data privacy as any new products or services are developed and limit the amount of information collected, processed, and stored as well as its accessibility;
constraints on using data to profile data subjects;
providing data subjects with personal data in a usable format on request and erasing personal data in certain circumstances; and
reporting of breaches without undue delay (72 hours where feasible).

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Other jurisdictions in which the Company operates have implemented, or are considering implementing, data privacy laws similar to the GDPR. Several of the Parent’s subsidiaries particularly those within the Italy business segment, deal with a significant amount of employee and customer personal data. There is a risk that the Company's policies and procedures for compliance with data privacy laws, including the GDPR will not be implemented correctly or that individuals within the Company will not be fully compliant with the new procedures. Failure to comply with the GDPRdata privacy laws may have serious financial consequences to the Company, includingCompany. For example, failure to comply with the GDPR may lead to fines for data breaches of up to the maximum of either €20 million or 4% of worldwide annual revenue, and the Company could face significant administrative sanctions and reputational damage that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company is exposed to significant risks in relation to compliance with anti-corruption laws and regulations and economic sanction programs

Doing business on a worldwide basis requires the Company to comply with the laws and regulations of various jurisdictions. In particular, the Company's operations are subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where the Company operates. Other laws and regulations applicable to the Company control trade by imposing economic sanctions on countries and persons and creating customs requirements and currency exchange regulations. The Company's continued global expansion, including in countries which lack a developed legal system or have high levels of corruption, increases the risk of actual or alleged violations of such laws.

The Company cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which its operations might be subject or the manner in which such laws might be administered or interpreted.

There can be no assurance that the policies and procedures the Company has implemented have been or will be followed at all times or will effectively detect and prevent violations of these laws by one or more of the Company's directors, officers, employees, consultants, agents, joint-venture partners or other third-party partners. As a result, the Company could be subject to investigations, criminal and civil penalties, sanctions and/or other remedial measures that in turn could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Negative perceptions and publicity surrounding the gaming industry could lead to increased gaming regulation
From
The popularity and acceptance of gaming is influenced by prevailing social attitudes toward gaming, and changes in social attitudes toward gaming could result in reduced acceptance of gaming as a leisure activity. Further, from time to time, the gaming industry is exposed to negative publicity related to gaming behavior, gaming by minors, the presence of gaming machines in too many locations, risks related to digital gaming and alleged association with money laundering. Publicity regarding problem gaming and other concerns with the gaming industry, even if not directly connected to the Company, could adversely impact its business, results of operations, and financial condition. For example, if the perception develops that the gaming industry is failing to address such concerns adequately, the resulting political pressure may result in the industry becoming subject to increased regulation and restrictions on operations. Such an increase in regulation could adversely impact the Company's results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.
The Company is exposed to significant risks in relation to compliance with anti-corruption laws and regulations and economic sanction programs
Doing business on a worldwide basis requires the Company to comply with the laws and regulations of various jurisdictions. In particular, the Company's operations are subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, the U.K. Bribery Act of 2010 and other anti-corruption laws that apply in countries where the Company operates. Other laws and regulations applicable to the Company control trade by imposing economic sanctions on countries and persons and creating customs requirements and currency exchange regulations. The Company's continued global expansion, including in countries which lack a developed legal system or have high levels of corruption, increases the risk of actual or alleged violations of such laws.
The Company cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which its operations might be subject or the manner in which such laws might be administered or interpreted.
There can be no assurance that the policies and procedures the Company has implemented have been or will be followed at all times or will effectively detect and prevent violations of these laws by one or more of the Company's directors, officers, employees, consultants, agents, joint-venture partners or other third-party partners.  As a result, the Company could be subject to investigations, criminal and civil penalties, sanctions and/or other remedial measures that in turn could have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.

Recent and future changesChanges to U.S. and foreign tax laws could adversely affect the Company


The Company is subject to tax laws in the U.S. and several foreign tax jurisdictions and significant judgment is required in determining the Company’s global provision for income taxes. While the Company believes its tax positions are consistent with the tax laws in the jurisdictions in which it conducts business, it is possible that these positions may be overturned by tax authorities, which may have a significant impact on the Company’s global provision for income taxes.


ChangesFurthermore, changes in tax laws or regulations may be proposed or enacted that could significantly affect the Company’s overall tax expense. For example, on December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation through the Tax Act, which significantly changed the U.S. corporate income tax system and has had a meaningful impact on the Company’s provision for income taxes. The Tax Act made broad changes to the U.S. federal income tax code, including reducing the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, imposing limitations on the Company’s ability to deduct interest expense for tax purposes, creating a new minimum tax on global intangible low-taxed income,GILTI, and creating a base erosion and anti-abuse tax,BEAT, among many other complex provisions.

The Tax Act requires complex calculationsIn 2015, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) published its final recommendations on base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”). These BEPS recommendations propose the development of rules directed at counteracting the effects of tax havens and preferential tax regimes in countries around the world.

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Several of the areas of tax law on which the BEPS project has focused have led or will lead to be performedchanges in the domestic law of individual OECD jurisdictions. These changes include (amongst others) restrictions on interest and other deductions for tax purposes, the introduction of broad anti-hybrid regimes and reform of controlled foreign company rules. Changes are also expected to arise in the application of certain double tax treaties as a result of the implementation and adoption of the OECD’s Multilateral Instrument, which may restrict the Company’s ability to rely on the terms of relevant double tax treaties in certain circumstances. Further, recent BEPS developments include proposals for new profit allocation and nexus rules and for rules to ensure that were not previously required, significant judgments, estimates and calculationsthe profits of multinational enterprises are subject to be made in interpreting its provisions,a minimum rate of tax, and the preparationOECD/G20 Inclusive Framework (IF) has adopted a two-pillar approach as the basis for this ongoing project. In October 2020, the OECD released "Blueprints" for the so-called Pillar One and analysisPillar Two, which set out the status with respect to current proposals for consultation. The IF’s stated aim was to resolve outstanding issues by mid-2021, following which implementation of information not previously relevant or regularly produced. In addition, the U.S. Departmentfinal recommendations of Treasury has issuedthe project could lead to further amendment of domestic tax laws and will continue to issue regulations and interpretive guidance that may significantly impact how the Company will apply thebilateral tax law and impact the Company’s results of operations. As additional regulatory and interpretive guidance is issued, the Company may refine its analysis and make adjustments that differ from amounts initially recorded, which could materially affect its tax obligations and effective tax rate. Various uncertainties also exist in terms of how U.S. states and any foreign countries within which the Company operates will react to U.S. federal income tax reform.treaties; however, this process remains ongoing at present.


In addition, tax authorities are increasingly scrutinizingJune 2021, the tax positionsfinance ministers of companies. Many countries in the E.U., as well as a numberG7 nations announced an agreement on the principles of otherthe two-pillar solution to tackle the challenges of BEPS. Following the G7 announcement, the IF announced on July 1, 2021 broad agreement on the two pillars. On October 8, 2021, the OECD announced that 130 countries and organizations such asjurisdictions had agreed to join an international tax framework implementing the Organization for Economic Cooperationtwo pillars. The announcement provided that regulated financial services are excluded from the application of Pillar One. The announcement also provided that the proposals under Pillar Two would apply to multinational groups with revenues exceeding €750 million and Development, are actively considering changeswould seek to existingestablish a minimum tax laws that, if enacted, could increaserate of at least 15% by operation of a globally coordinated set of rules, including an Income Inclusion Rule and an Undertaxed Payment Rule.

The IF will work towards an agreement and the Company’s tax obligationsrelease of an implementation plan, which will contemplate bringing Pillar Two into law in countries where it does business. 2022 with an effective date in 2023.

If U.S. or other foreign tax authorities change applicable tax laws, the Company’s overall taxes could increase, and its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects may be adversely affected.

The ongoing effects of the Tax Act and the refinement of provisional estimates could make the Company's results difficult to predict

The Company's effective tax rate may fluctuate in the future as a result of the Tax Act. The Tax Act introduces significant changes to U.S. income tax law that will have a meaningful impact on the Company's provision for income taxes. Accounting for the income tax effects of the Tax Act requires significant judgments and estimates in the interpretation and calculations of the provisions of the Tax Act. Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Tax Act, the Company made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in its financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company has completed its accounting for the Tax Act as described in Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("SAB 118"). In 2019, the Company will continue to review and incorporate, as necessary, updates related to forthcoming U.S. Treasury Regulations, other interpretive guidance, and the finalization of the deemed inclusions to be reported on the Company's 2018 U.S. federal income tax return.


The Company may be subject to an unfavorable outcome with respect to pending regulatory, tax, or other legal proceedings, which could result in substantial monetary damages or other harm to the Company

The Company is involved in a number of legal, regulatory, tax, and arbitration proceedings including claims by and against it as well as injunctions by third parties arising out of the ordinary course of its business and is subject to investigations and compliance inquiries related to its ongoing operations. At December 31, 2018, the Company's total provision for litigation risks was $12.0 million. However, itIt is difficult to estimate accurately the outcome of any proceeding. As such, the amounts of the Company’s provision for litigation risks could vary significantly from the amounts the Company may be asked to pay or ultimately pay in any such proceeding. In addition, unfavorable resolution of or significant delay in adjudicating such proceedings could require the Company to pay substantial monetary damages or penalties and/or incur costs that may exceed any provision for litigation risks or, under certain circumstances, cause the termination or revocation of the relevant license or authorization and thereby have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

In 2012, the Parent's predecessor entity, GTECH S.p.A. ("GTECH"), was audited by the Rome Public Prosecutors’ Office tax agency regarding the structuring of the acquisition of GTECH Holdings Corporation in 2006 and subsequent acquisition debt refinancing to determine whether GTECH’s income was under-reported in Italy for any tax year from 2006 to 2013. GTECH

settled the matter in December 2013. Under Italian law, GTECH's legal representative and signatories of the relevant corporate tax returns are subject to investigation. The relevant tax returns were signed by the Company's CEO and Board member, Marco Sala; senior executive, Renato Ascoli; and Chairperson of the Board, Lorenzo Pellicioli. While all the tax assessments and penalty and interest claims emanating from the tax audit have been resolved, under Italian law, the related criminal investigations of Marco Sala, Renato Ascoli, and Lorenzo Pellicioli can only be dismissed by a judge upon a formal petition to the Court. The Request for Dismissal was submitted by the Public Prosecutor to the Criminal Court of Rome in March 2017; the Court’s Order of Dismissal granting such request is still pending.
Operational Risks

The Company depends on its suppliers and faces supply chain risks that could adversely affect its financial results

The Company purchases most of the parts, components, and subassemblies necessary for its lottery terminals and electronic gaming machines from outside sources. The Company outsources the manufacturing and assembly of certain lottery terminals to third-party vendors. The Company’s operating results could be adversely affected if one or more of its manufacturing and assembly outsourcing vendors fails to meet production schedules. Disruptions and delays could adversely affect our suppliers’ ability to meet production schedules.

During 2021 and the beginning of 2022, the Company experienced, and the Company may continue to experience, disruptions throughout its supply chain . In particular, the Company has been adversely impacted by a shortage in the supply of electronic components necessary for the manufacture of gaming machines, which has led to delays in the delivery of electronic components and has caused long lead times to be associated with new orders for electronic components. These shortages have required the Company to adjust some of its delivery and production schedules, and could cause the Company to be unable to meet demand for its products or to introduce new products on schedule, leading to a reduction in potential sales. The Company cannot provide assurance as to how long it will be impacted by the shortage in electronic components, or whether it will in the future face shortages of other parts, components or subassemblies necessary for the manufacture of any of its finished products. Furthermore, global supply chain constraints have also generally led to an increase in costs, including supply costs, freight costs, energy costs and labor costs, among others. The Company may not be able to pass these increased costs on to customers, which may lead to decreased profit margins. As a result, the Company's results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects could be adversely affected by these supply chain disruptions, or any future supply chain disruptions.
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In the Company’s lottery business, the Company transmits data using cellular technology and satellite transponders, generally pursuant to long-term contracts. The technical failure of any of these cellular or satellite services would require the Company to obtain other communication services, including other cellular or satellite access. In some cases, the Company employs backup systems to limit the Company’s exposure in the event of such a failure. Therefore, the Company cannot assure access to such other cellular services or satellites or, if available, the ability to obtain the use of such other cellular services or satellites on favorable terms or in a timely manner. While cellular and satellite failures are infrequent, the operation of each is outside of the Company’s control.

In the Company’s digital gaming business, the Company often relies on third-party data center providers to, among other things, host the Company’s remote game servers. The digital gaming business could be adversely impacted by breaches of or disruptions to these third-party data centers, including potential service level penalties with respect to the Company’s customers, reputational harm, the disclosure of proprietary information or the theft of the Company’s assets.

The Company’s management believes that if a supply contract with one of its vendors were to be terminated or breached, it may take time to replace such vendor under some circumstances and any replacement parts, components, or subassemblies may be more expensive, which could reduce the Company’s margins. Depending on a number of factors, including the Company��s available inventory of replacement parts, components or subassemblies, the time it takes to replace a vendor may result in a delay for a customer. Further, supply chain constraints and shortages could cause the Company’s existing vendors to be unable to meet supply commitments, which may cause delays in the Company’s ability to meet its contractually committed delivery schedules. Generally, if the Company fails to meet its delivery schedules under its contracts, it may be subject to substantial penalties or liquidated damages, or contract termination, which in turn could adversely affect the Company's results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Failure to attract, retain and motivate personnel may adversely affect the Company's ability to compete

The Company's ability to attract and retain key management, product development, finance, marketing, and research and development personnel, and its ability to attract and maintain a diverse workforce, is directly linked to the Company's continued success. ParticularlyIn all of the industries in which the lottery and gaming industries,Company operates, the market for qualified executives and highly-skilled technical workers is intensely competitive, and increasing competition for talent and changing expectations of current and prospective employees pose new challenges relating to the attraction and retention of key personnel. The loss of key employees or an inability to hire a sufficient number of technical staff could limit the Company's ability to develop successful products and could cause delays in getting new products to market.

The Company’s business prospects and future success rely heavily upon the integrity of its employees, directors and agents and the security of its systems
The real and perceived integrity and security of the Company's products are critical to its ability to attract customers and players.
The Company strives to set exacting standards of personal integrity for its employees and directors as well as system security for the systems that it provides to its customers, and its reputation in this regard is an important factor in its business dealings with lottery, gaming, and other governmental agencies. For this reason, an allegation or a finding of improper conduct on the Company’s part, or on the part of one or more of its current or former employees, directors or agents, that is attributableor the failure to the Company, or an actual or alleged system security defect or failure attributable to the Company,detect fraudulent activity by employees in a timely manner, could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects, including its ability to retain or renew existing contracts or obtain new contracts.

For example, in October 2020, the Italian Tax Police announced that it is investigating alleged misconduct by a small number of the Company’s former employees. The alleged misconduct involved unauthorized access to the Company’s lottery system in Italy in order to identify and redeem winning scratch-off lottery tickets. The investigation has since progressed with the Italian prosecutor commencing criminal proceedings against several of the Company’s former employees.The investigation also has led to the initiation of other governmental reviews and inspections, including by the Italian lottery regulator. The Company faces supply chain risks that, if not properly managed, could adversely affect its financial results
is fully cooperating with the Italian Tax Police and other regulators in order to facilitate their reviews and has taken proactive steps to ensure the integrity of the Company’s games and to protect the interests of the Company’s customers. The Company purchases mosthas also taken measures to review its operational systems and processes designed to prevent fraudulent activities and remains focused on ensuring its business is conducted at the highest levels of integrity. Nevertheless, the investigation and other governmental reviews and inspections (including any resulting adverse impact on the perceived integrity and security of the parts, components,Company’s products and subassemblies necessary for its lottery terminals and electronic gaming machines from outside sources. The Company outsources allsystems) could have a material adverse effect upon the manufacturing and assembly of certain lottery terminals to a single vendor and portions of other products to multiple vendors. The Company’s operating results could be adversely affected if one or more of its manufacturing outsourcing vendors fails to meet production schedules. The Company’s management believes that if a supply contract with one of these vendors were to be terminated or breached, it may take time to replace such vendor under some circumstances and any replacement parts, components, or subassemblies may be more expensive, which could reduce the Company’s margins. Depending on a number of factors, including the Company’s available inventory of replacement parts, components or subassemblies, the time it takes to replace a vendor may result in a delay for a customer. Generally, if the Company fails to meet its delivery schedules under its contracts, it may be subject to substantial penalties or liquidated damages, or contract termination, which in turn could adversely affect the Company's results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.prospects, including its ability to retain or renew existing contracts or obtain new contracts.

The success of the Company’s business is dependent on customers’ confidence in the integrity of the Company’s products and systems

The real and perceived integrity and security of the Company’s products and systems are critical to its ability to attract customers and players. In the event of an actual or alleged defect in a Company product or unauthorized access of a Company system, the Company’s existing and prospective customers may lose confidence in the integrity and security of the Company’s
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products and systems. Such a failure could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition or prospects, including its ability to attract new customers and retain its existing customers.

The Company and its operations are subject to cyber-attackscyber attacks and cyber-securitycybersecurity risks which may have an adverse effect on its business and results of operations and result in increasing costs to minimize these risks

The Company's business involves the storage and transmission of confidential business and personal information, and theft and security breaches may expose the Company to a risk of loss of, or improper use and disclosure of, such information, which may result in significant litigation expenses and liability exposure. Cyber attacks on businesses are becoming more frequent, and increasingly more difficult to anticipate and prevent due to their rapidly evolving nature. The Company has experienced and continues to experience cyber-attackscyber attacks of varying degrees and phishing attacks on a regular basis. To date, the Company has not suffered any material losses as a result of such attacks. The Company's internal policies and procedures may not be able to prevent or detect every cyber-attackcyber attack or reduce all negative effects they may cause. In addition, the Company's insurance policies may not be sufficient to mitigate all potential negative effects of a cyber-attack.cyber attack.

Any systems failure or compromise of the Company's security that results in the release of confidential business or personal information could seriously harm the Company's reputation and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company's security measures may also be breached due to employee error, malfeasance, system errors or vulnerabilities, including vulnerabilities of the Company's subcontractors, vendors, suppliers, or otherwise. Such breach could result in significant reputational, legal, and financial liability, and may potentially have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s business, results

of operations and financial condition. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, become more sophisticated, and often are not recognized until launched against a target, the Company may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Additionally, cyber-attackscyber attacks could also compromise trade secrets and other sensitive information and result in such information being disclosed to others and becoming less valuable, which could have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Failures in technology may disrupt the Company’s business and have an adverse effect on its results of operations

The Company’s success depends on its ability to avoid, detect, replicate, and correct software and hardware defects and fraudulent manipulation of its products. The Company incorporates security features into the design of its products which are designed to prevent its customers and players from being defrauded. The Company also monitors its software and hardware in an effort to avoid, detect and correct any technical errors. However, there can be no guarantee that the Company’s security features or technical efforts will continue to be effective in the future.

In addition, any disruption in the Company’s network or telecommunications services, or those of third parties that the Company uses in its operations, could affect the Company’s ability to operate its systems, which could result in reduced revenues and customer downtime. The Company’s network and databases of business and customer information, including intellectual property and other proprietary business information and those of third parties the Company uses, are susceptible to outages due to fire, floods, power loss, break-ins, cyber-attacks,cyber attacks, network penetration, data privacy or security breaches, denial of service attacks, and similar events, including inadvertent dissemination of information due to increased use of social media. Disruptions with such systems could result in a wide range of negative outcomes, including devaluation of the Company’s intellectual property, increased expenditures on data security, and costly litigation and potential payment of liquidated damages, each of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

Financial Risks

Covenants in the Company’s debt agreements may limit its ability to pay dividends, repurchase shares and operate its business, and the Company’s breach of such covenants could materially and adversely affect its results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects

Certain of the Company’s debt agreements require it to comply with covenants that may limit the Company’s ability to:

pay dividends and repurchase shares;
acquire assets of other companies or acquire, merge or consolidate with other companies;
dispose of assets;
incur indebtedness; and
grant security interests in its assets.

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The Company’s ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond its control, such as prevailing economic, financial, regulatory and industry conditions. These covenants may limit its ability to react to market conditions or take advantage of potential business opportunities. Further, a breach of such covenants could, if not cured or waived, result in acceleration of its indebtedness, result in the enforcement of security interests or force the Company into bankruptcy or liquidation. Such a breach or any failure to otherwise timely repay outstanding indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, business, financial condition, or prospects.

The Company may have to recognizeincur additional impairment charges regarding

The Company reviews its long-lived and amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the amount ofcarrying value may not be recoverable. The Company tests goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets recognized on its consolidated balance sheets

From time to time,for impairment at least annually. Factors that may indicate a change in circumstances, such that the carrying value of the Company’s goodwill, amortizable intangible assets, or other non-amortizing assets may not be recoverable, include a decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization, reduced future cash flow estimates, and slower growth rates in industry segments in which the Company purchases all or a part of the equity interests in or assets of other companies. The Company accounts for certain of those and similar purchases and acquisitions as a business combination by allocating the acquisition costs to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and recognizing the remaining amount as goodwill.participates. The Company may havebe required to recognizerecord a significant charge in its consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment charges, as well as other losses associated with subsequent transactions, regarding the amount of goodwill and otheror intangible assets and, if recognized, such charges mayis determined, which would negatively affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. In light of the fourth quarter of 2018,COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting unfavorable social, political, economic, and financial conditions, the Company performed its annualan interim goodwill impairment test thatassessment in the three months ended March 31, 2020, which resulted in a $118.0$296 million non-cash goodwill impairment losscharge reducing the value of its former International and North America Gaming and Interactive segments. While during the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company did not identify any events or circumstances that had no impactwould indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit was less than its carrying amount, the Company cannot provide assurance that future changes will not require additional material impairment charges in any of its business segments in the future. For more information on the Company's cash flows, ability to service debt, compliance with financial covenants, or underlying liquidity. Seeassessment and the goodwill impairment charge, see “Item 5.A Operating Results—5.E. Critical Accounting Estimates—Goodwill, Intangible AssetsEstimates and Long-lived Assets”“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - 13. Goodwill” included in Item 18. “Financial Statements”.

The discontinuation of USD LIBOR, and the establishment and utilization of alternative reference rates, may increase the amount of interest the Company pays with respect to floating rate indebtedness denominated in U.S. dollars

The principal reference rate for additional information. U.S. dollar denominated indebtedness has been USD LIBOR and the expected discontinuation of USD LIBOR on June 30, 2023 may increase the amount of interest the Company pays with respect to floating rate indebtedness denominated in U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2021, $20 million of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness had an interest rate which was calculated with reference to USD LIBOR. To the extent an interest rate is calculated with reference to USD LIBOR at the time of its discontinuation, such interest rate will be calculated pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Senior Facilities Agreement dated November 4, 2014, as amended (the “RCF Agreement”) (and of the agreements governing any other floating rate indebtedness denominated in U.S. dollars that the Company may incur prior to discontinuation). The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) is expected to be the principal replacement reference rate for USD LIBOR. Because SOFR is based on overnight funding transactions secured by U.S. Treasury securities, it differs fundamentally from USD LIBOR. SOFR has a limited history, having been first published in April 2018. There is no assurance that SOFR will perform in the same or similar way as USD LIBOR would have performed, that SOFR will be a suitable replacement for USD LIBOR or that the replacement of USD LIBOR with SOFR will not increase the amount of interest that the Company pays with respect to floating rate indebtedness denominated in U.S. dollars.


Risks related to the Loyalty Voting Structure

The Parent's controlling shareholderconcentrated voting power held by De Agostini S.p.A., and the Parent’s loyalty voting structure, may limit other shareholders' ability to influence corporate decisions

At February 28, 2019,24, 2022, De Agostini S.p.A. (“De Agostini”) had an economic interest in the Parent of approximately 50.64%50.75% (excluding treasury shares) and, due to its election to exercise the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares associated with its ordinary shares pursuant to the loyalty plan, a voting interest in the Parent of approximately 67.23%65.29% of the total voting rights.rights (excluding treasury shares). See “ItemItem 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions”Transactions for additional information. This shareholder may make decisions with which other shareholders may disagree, including, among other things, delaying, discouraging, or preventing a change of control of the Company or a potential merger, consolidation, tender offer, takeover, or other business combination and may also prevent or discourage shareholders’ initiatives aimed at changes in the Parent’s management.

The tax consequences of the loyalty voting structure are uncertain

No statutory, judicial, or administrative authority has provided public guidance in respect of the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares of the Parent and as a result, the tax consequences of owning such shares are uncertain. The fair market value of the Parent's special voting shares,Special Voting Shares, which may be relevant to the tax consequences of owning, acquiring, or disposing of such shares, is a factual
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determination and is not governed by any guidance that directly addresses such a situation. Because, among other things, (i) the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares are not transferable (other than in very limited circumstances as provided for in the loyalty voting structure), (ii) on a winding up or otherwise, the holders of the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares will only be entitled to receive out of the Parent's assets available for distribution to its shareholders, in aggregate, $1, and (iii) loss of the entitlement to instruct the nominee on how to vote in respect of special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares will occur without consideration, the Parent believes and intends to take the position that the value of each special voting share is minimal. However, the relevant tax authorities could assert that the value of the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares as determined by the Parent is incorrect. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to treatment of special voting shares.Special Voting Shares. See “ItemItem 10.E Taxation”Taxation for additional information.

The loyalty voting structure may affect the liquidity of the Parent's ordinary shares and reduce their ordinary share price


The loyalty voting structure may limit the liquidity and adversely affect the trading prices of the Parent's ordinary shares. The loyalty voting structure is intended to reward shareholders for maintaining long-term share ownership by granting persons holding ordinary shares continuously for at least three years the option to elect to receive special voting shares.Special Voting Shares. The special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares cannot be traded and, immediately prior to the deregistration of ordinary shares from the register of loyalty shares, any corresponding special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares shall cease to confer any voting rights in connection with such special voting shares.Special Voting Shares. This loyalty voting structure is designed to encourage a stable shareholder base, but it may deter trading by those shareholders who are interested in gaining or retaining the special voting shares.Special Voting Shares. Therefore, the loyalty voting structure may reduce liquidity in the Parent's ordinary shares and adversely affect their trading price.



Item 4.
Item 4.Information on the Company
A.History and Development of the Company
Information on the Company
A.History and Development of the Company
The Parent is organized as a public limited company under the laws of England and Wales. The Parent’s principal office is located at 66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor, London W1H 5BT, United Kingdom, telephone number +44 (0) 207 535 3200. The Parent’s agent for service in the United States is TheCT Corporation Trust Company of Nevada,System, 701 S. Carson Street - Suite 200, Carson City, Nevada 89701 (telephone number: +1 518 433 4740). The Company operates under the Companies Act 2006, as amended ("CA 2006").amended.
The Parent was formed as a business combination shell company on July 11, 2014 under the name “Georgia Worldwide Limited.” On September 16, 2014, it changed its name to “Georgia Worldwide PLC,” and on February 26, 2015, it changed its name to “International Game Technology PLC.”
The Company is a product of the acquisition of International Game Technology by GTECH S.p.A., which was completed on April 7, 2015, through mergers of the prior businesses into the Parent and a subsidiary of the Parent. Prior to the mergers, the Parent did not conduct any material activities other than those incident to its formation, the making of certain required securities law filings, and the preparation of the proxy statement/prospectus filed in connection with the acquisition and mergers. For more information on the mergers, please see Item 4.A“Item 4.A” of the Parent'sParent’s annual report on Form 20-F for 2015, filed with the SEC on April 29, 2016.
Dividend Payments
The Parent paid cash dividends on its ordinary shares during 2018 as follows:
 Declaration Date Payment Date Per Share Amount ($) 
Aggregate
Payment
 
 October 31, 2018 November 28, 2018 0.20
 $40,842,146.20
 July 31, 2018 August 28, 2018 0.20
 $40,840,804.00
 May 21, 2018 June 19, 2018 0.20
 $40,840,202.00
 March 8, 2018 April 5, 2018 0.20
 $40,713,190.60
      
 $163,236,342.80
There have not been any public takeover offers by third parties in respect of the Parent’s shares or by the Parent in respect of other companies’ shares which have occurred during the last three financial years.
Capital Expenditures and Divestitures
For a description, including the amount invested, of the Company’s principal capital expenditures (including interests in other companies) for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017,2021, 2020 and 2016,2019, see “Item 5.B5. B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Expenditures.”
For a description of the Company’s principal divestitures for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 2016,2019, see “Item 5.A5.A. Operating Results.”
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On February 25, 2022, the Parent’s wholly-owned subsidiary, IGT Lottery S.p.A. entered into a share sale and purchase agreement to sell 100% of the share capital of Lis Holding S.p.A., a wholly-owned subsidiary of IGT Lottery S.p.A. that conducts the Company’s Italian commercial services business, to PostePay S.p.A. – Patrimonio Destinato IMEL, an entity of the Italian postal service provider group, for a purchase price of €700 million. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close during the third quarter of 2022.
To date, the Company has not made any other capital expenditures or divestitures in calendar year 20192022 that were not in the ordinary course of business.
More Information
The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy, and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. The Company'sCompany’s SEC filings can be found there and on the Company'sCompany’s website: www.igt.com.

B. Business Overview

The Company is a global leader in gaming that delivers entertaining and responsible gaming experiences for players across all channels and regulated segments, from gaming machines and lotteries to sports betting and digital. Leveraging a wealth of compelling content, substantial investment in innovation, player insights, operational expertise, and leading-edge technology, the Company’s solutions deliver gaming experiences that responsibly engage players and drive growth. The Company has a well-established local presence and relationships with governments and regulators in more than 100 countries around the world, and creates value by adhering to the highest standards of service, integrity, and responsibility.

The Company operates and provides an integrated portfolio of innovative gaming technology products and services, including: lottery management services, online and instant lottery systems, gaming systems, instant ticket printing, electronic gaming machines, sports betting, digital gaming, digital lottery, and commercial services. The Company is headquartered in London, with principal operating facilities located in Providence, Rhode Island; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Rome, Italy. The Company is organized into four business segments, which are supported by corporate shared services: North America Gaming and Interactive ("NAGI"), North America Lottery ("NALO"), International, and Italy. Research and development and manufacturing are mostly centralized in North America. The Company had over 12,000approximately 10,500 employees at December 31, 2018.2021.


Effective September 1, 2021, the Company adopted a new business segment structure focused on three business segments: Global Lottery, Global Gaming and Digital & Betting. This resulted in a change in our operating segments and reporting units.

The Company is committed to responsible gaming, giving back to its communities, and doing its part to protectCompany's operations for the environment, and is recognized in the following ways:periods presented herein are reported under this new business segment structure.


the Company’s lottery operations have been certified for compliance with the WLA Associate Member CSR Standards and Certification Framework;
the Company has received responsible gaming accreditation for its land-based casino and lottery segments from the Global Gambling Guidance Group;
the Company’s B2C website interactive.IGTGames.comis certified through the Internet Compliance Assessment Program (iCAP), developed by the National Council on Problem Gambling; and
the Company has received an "A" environmental, social and governance ("ESG") rating from MSCI, Inc. and a "prime" designation in corporate responsibility from ISS-oekom.

Products and Services


The Company has fivethree broad categories of products and services: (1) Lottery, (2) Machine Gaming, and (3) Sports Betting, (4) Digital and (5) Commercial Services.& Betting.


1. Lottery


The Company supplies a unique set of lottery solutions to more than 100approximately 80 customersworldwide, including to 3736 of the 4546 U.S. lotteries through its NALOGlobal Lottery segment. Lottery customers frequently designate their revenues for particular purposes, such as education, economic development, conservation, transportation, programs for senior citizens and veterans, health care, sports facilities, capital construction projects, cultural activities, tax relief, and others. Many governments have become increasingly dependent on their lotteries as revenues from lottery ticket sales are often a significant source of funding for these programs.

Lottery products and services are provided through the NALO, International, and Italy business segments.

Lottery services are provided through licenses,operating contracts, facilities management contracts (“FMCs”), lottery management agreements (“LMAs”), and product sales contracts. In the majority of jurisdictions, lottery authorities award contracts through a competitive bidding process. Typical service contracts are five to 10 years in duration, often with multi-year extension options. After the expiration of the initial or extended contract term, a lottery authority generally may either seek to negotiate further extensions or commence a new competitive bidding process. Lottery authorites oftenCertain customers may require providersthe Company to pay an upfront fee for the right to exclusively manage their lotteries.lottery.


The Company designs, sells, leases, and operates a complete suite of point-of-sale machines that are electronically linked with a centralized transaction processing system that reconciles lottery funds between the retailer and the lottery authority. The Company provides and operates highly secure, online lottery transaction processing systems that are capable of processing over 500,000 transactions per minute. The Company provides more than 450,000475,000 point-of-sale devices to lottery customers and lotteries that it supports worldwide. The Company also produces high-quality instant ticket games and provides printing
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services such as instant ticket marketing plans and graphic design, programming, packaging, shipping, and delivery services.


The Company has developed and continues to develop new lottery games, licenses new game brands from third parties, and installs a range of new lottery distribution devices, all of which are designed to drive responsible same-store sales growth for its customers. In connection with its delivery of lottery services, the Company actively advises its customers on growth strategies. Depending on the type of contract and the jurisdiction, the Company also provides marketing services, including retail optimization and lottery brand awareness campaigns. The Company works closely with its lottery customers and retailers to help retailers sell lottery games more effectively. These programs include product merchandising and display recommendations, a selection of appropriate lottery product mix for each location, and account reviews to plan lottery sales growth strategies. The Company leverages years of experience accumulated from being the exclusive licensee for the Italian Scratch & Win instant lottery game and the Italian Lotto, one of the world’s largest lotteries. This lottery B2C expertise in Italy, which includes management of all the activities along the lottery value chain, allows the Company to better serve B2B customerscustomers.

The Company also provides a complete suite of iLottery solutions and services. This, coupled with its professional expertise, allows lotteries to fully engage their players on any digital channel in its NALO and International segments. regulated markets. Existing lottery game portfolios are extended to the digital channel to provide a spectrum of engaging content such as e-Instant tickets.

The Company'sCompany’s primary competitors in the Lottery business include Camelot, Intralot,

Neogames, Pollard, SAZKA, Sisal, Scientific Games, Sisal, and Tattersalls.Tabcorp.


The primary types of lottery agreements are outlined below:


LicensesOperating and Facilities Management Contracts (FMCs)


The majority of the Company'sCompany’s revenue in the Lottery business comes from licenses, a form of operating contracts and FMCs.

Since 1998, and for a term expiring in 2025, the Company has been the exclusive licensee for the Italian Lotto game (management of operations commenced in 1994). Beginning in November of 2016, the Company'sCompany’s exclusive license for the Italian Lotto includes partners as part of a joint venture. Lottoitalia s.r.l. (“Lottoitalia”), ("Lottoitalia")a joint venture company among IGT Lottery S.p.A., Italian Gaming Holding a.s., Arianna 2001 (an entity associated with the Federation of Italian Tobacconists), and Novomatic Italia, is the exclusive manager of the Italian Lotto game,game. Lottoitalia is 61.5% owned by the Parent's subsidiary Lottomatica and the remainder is owned by Italian Gaming Holding a.s. (a subsidiary of Czech lottery operator SAZKA), Arianna 2001, and Novomatic Italia.IGT Lottery S.p.A. The Company, through Lottoitalia, manages the activities along the lottery value chain, such as creating games, determining payouts, collecting wagers through its network, paying out prizes, managing all accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance, and supplying materials including play slips, tickets and receipts, and marketing and point-of-sale materials for the game. Since 2004, and renewed throughfor a term expiring in 2028, the Company also has been the exclusive licensee for the instant ticket lottery (“Gratta e Vinci” or “Scratch & Win”) through Lotterie Nazionali S.r.l., a joint venture 64.0% owned by the Parent'sParent’s subsidiary Lottomatica Holding,IGT Lottery S.p.A., with the remainder directly and indirectly owned by Scientific Games Corporation and Arianna 2001. As of December 31, 2021, the revenue weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s existing lottery contracts in Italy was 5.4 years.


The Company’s FMCs typically require the Company to design, install, and operate the lottery system and retail terminal network for an initial term, which is typically five to 10 years. The Company’s FMCs are granted on an exclusive basis, and usually contain extension options under the same or similar terms and conditions, generally ranging from one to five years. Under a typical FMC, the Company maintains ownership of the technology and facilities,equipment, and is responsible for capital investments throughout the duration of the contract, although the investments are generally concentrated during the early years. Under a number of the Company’s FMCs, theThe Company additionally provides a wide range of support services to lottery customers related to the technology, equipment, and equipment for the lottery’s instant ticket games,facilities such as hosting, maintenance, marketing, distribution and automation of validation, inventoryother support services. The Company generally provides its lottery customers retailer terminal and accounting systems.communication network equipment through operating leases. In return, the Company typically receives either fixed fees or fees based upon a percentage of the sales of theall lottery tickets, including draw-based and/or instant ticket games.games, though under certain of its agreements, the Company may receive fixed fees for certain goods or services. In limited instances, the Company provides instant tickets and online lottery systems and services under the same facilities management contract. Also, the Company offers lottery vending machines that sell instant tickets as well as draw-based games. As of February 28, 2019,24, 2022, the Company had FMCs with 23or for the benefit of 22 U.S. states.jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2018,2021, the Company'sCompany’s largest FMCs in the U.S., by annual revenue were Texas, California, Michigan,Florida, New York, and Texas,Michigan, and the revenue weighted averageweighted-average remaining term of the Company'sCompany’s existing U.S. FMCs (excluding Italy) was 7.15.3 years (8.2(7.3 years including available extensions). Also, as at December 31, 2018,of February 24, 2022, the Company operated under licensesoperating contracts or FMCs in 17 international jurisdictions, excluding Italy.


Licenses and FMCs often require the Company to pay substantial monetary liquidated damages in the event
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Table of non-performance by the Company. The Company's revenues from licenses and FMCs are generally service fees paid to the Company directly from the lottery authority based on a percentageContents
Another form of such lottery’s wagers or ticket sales. The Company categorizes revenue from licenses and FMCs as service revenue from "Operating and Facilities Management Contracts" as described in "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3. Revenue Recognition" included in "Item 18. Financial Statements".

Lottery Management Agreements (LMAs)

A portion of the Company’s revenues are derived from LMAs.operating contract is an LMA. Under an LMA, the Company manages, within parameters determined by the lottery authority customer, the core lottery functions, including the lottery systems and the majority of the day-to-day activities along the lottery value chain. This includes collecting wagers, managing accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance, and supplying materials for the games. Most LMAs also include a separate supply agreement,FMC, pursuant to which the Company providesleases certain hardware and equipment, and provides access to software and support services. The Company provides lottery management services in New Jersey as part of a joint venture and in Indiana indirectly through a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Parent. The Company'sCompany’s revenues from LMAs areinclude incentives based on achievement of contractual metrics, and, forwith respect to the supply contractagreements, are based generally on a percentage of wagers. The Company is also subject to penalties for failure to achieve contractual metrics under its LMAs. The Company categorizes revenue from LMAs as service revenue from "Lottery Management Agreements"“Operating and facilities management contracts” as described in "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3.4. Revenue Recognition"Recognition” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.”


Operating contracts and FMCs often require the Company to pay substantial monetary liquidated damages in the event of non-performance by the Company. The Company’s revenues from operating contracts and FMCs are generally service fees paid to the Company directly by the lottery authority based on a percentage of such lottery’s wagers or ticket sales. The Company categorizes revenue from operating contracts and FMCs as service revenue from “Operating and facilities management contracts” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—4. Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Instant Ticket Printing ContractsServices


As an end-to-end provider of instant tickets and related services, the Company produces high-quality instant ticket games and provides ancillary printing services such as instant ticket marketing plans and graphic design, programming, packaging, shipping, and delivery services. Instant tickets are sold at numerous types of retail outlets but most successfully in grocery and convenience stores.



Instant ticket contracts are priced based on a percentage of ticket sales revenues or on a price per unit basis and generally range from two to five years with extension opportunities. Government-sponsored lotteries grant printing contracts on both an exclusive and non-exclusive basis where there is typically one primary vendor and one or more secondary vendors. A primary contract permits the vendor to supply the majority of the lottery’s ticket printing needs and includes the complete production process from concept development through production and shipment. It also typically includes marketing and research support. A primary printing contract can include any or all of the following services: warehousing, distribution, telemarketing, and sales/field support. A secondary printing contract includes providing backup printing services and alternate product sources. It may or may not include a guarantee of a minimum or maximum number of games. The Company invested in a new state-of-the-art printing press, which began production in February 2018. As of February 28, 2019,24, 2022, the Company hadprovided instant ticket printing contracts with 27 U.S. states and provided instant ticket products and services to 2531 customers in North America and 22 customers in international jurisdictions. This data excludes Italy, New Jersey, and Indiana for whom the Company provides instant tickets as part of a license or LMA. The Company categorizes revenue from instant ticket printing contracts, that are not part of an operator or LMA contract, as product revenuesales from "Systems and other Product sales"“Lottery products” as described in "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3.4. Revenue Recognition"Recognition” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.” The instant ticket production business is also highly competitive and subject to strong, price-based competition.


Product Sales and Services Contracts


Under product sales and services contracts, the Company constructs,assembles, sells, delivers, and installs turnkey lottery systems or lottery equipment, provides related services, and licenses related software. The lottery authority maintains, in most instances, responsibility for lottery operations. The Company sells additional machines and central computers to expand existing systems and/or replace existing equipment and provides ancillary maintenance and support services related to the systems, equipment sold, and software licensed. The Company categorizes revenue from product sales and services contracts on a case-by-case basis as either service revenue or product revenuesales from "Other Services"“Systems, software, and other” or "Systems and other Product Sales",“Lottery products” respectively," as described in "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3.4. Revenue Recognition"Recognition” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.”


Commercial Services
The Company develops innovative technology and offers commercial and payment services over a standalone network. Leveraging its distribution network and secure transaction processing experience, the Company offers high-volume processing of commercial and payment transactions including: prepaid cellular telephone recharges, bill payments, e-vouchers, electronic tax payments, stamp duty services and prepaid card recharges. These services are primarily offered outside of North America. In Italy, the Company’s commercial payment and eMoney services network comprises points-of-sale such as tobacconists, bars,
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petrol stations and newspaper stands. The Company categorizes revenue from commercial services as service revenue from “Systems, software, and other” as described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—4. Revenue Recognition” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

2. Machine Gaming
 
The Company designs, develops, manufacturesassembles or orders the assembly of, and provides cabinets, games, systems, and software for customers in regulated gaming markets throughout the world under fixed fee, participation and product sales contracts. TheAs of February 24, 2022, the Company holds more than 450440 global gaming licenses and does business with commercial casino operators, tribal casino operators, and governmental organizations (primarily consisting of Lottery operators). Machine gamingThe Company provides social casino content as part of a multi-year strategic partnership with DoubleU Games. Gaming products and services are provided through the NAGI, NALO, International, and ItalyGlobal Gaming business segments.segment.


The Company’s primary global competitors in Machine Gaming are Aristocrat, Everi, Konami, Novomatic, PlayAGS and Scientific Games.


Gaming Machines and Game Content


The Company offers a diverse range of gaming machine cabinets from which land-based casino customers can choose to maximize functionality, flexibility, and player comfort. In addition to cabinets, the Company develops a wide range of casino games taking into account local jurisdictional requirements, market dynamics, and player preferences. The Company combines elements of math, play mechanics, sound, art, and technological advancements with a library of entertainment licenses and a proprietary intellectual property portfolio to provide gaming products designed to provide a high degree of player appeal and entertainment. The Company offers a wide array of casino-style gamesslot machines in a variety of multi-line, multi-coin, and multi-currency configurations.


The Company's casinoCompany’s slot games typically fall into two categories: premium games and core games.

Premium games include:


Wide Area Progressives - games that are linked across several casinos and/or jurisdictions and share a large common jackpot, including The Wheel of Fortune® franchise.
Multi-Level Progressives - games that are linked to a number of other games within the casino itself and offer players the opportunity to win different levels of jackpots, such as Fort Knox® Video Slots.

Wide Area Progressives - games that are linked across several casinos and/or jurisdictions and share a large common jackpot, including The Wheel of Fortune® franchise; and
Multi-Level Progressives - games that are linked to a number of other games within the casino itself and offer players the opportunity to win different levels of jackpots, such as Fortune Coin™ Boost.

Core games, which include core video reel, core mechanical reel, and core video poker, are typically sold and in some situations leased to customers. Some of the Company’s most popular core games in 2021 included Regal Riches, Dragons vs Pandas, Stinkin’ Rich–Skunks Gone Wild, Superstar Poker II, Superstar Poker and Super Times Pay Poker.



The Company produces other types of games including:
 
"Centrally Determined"Determined” games which are games connected to a central server that determines the game outcome;
Class II games which are electronic video bingo machines that can be typically found in North American tribal casinos and certain other jurisdictions like South Africa; and
Random-number-generated and live dealer electronic table games, including baccarat and roulette.


Gaming service revenue is primarily generated through providing premium game content and cabinets on short duration leases to customers. TheseThe pricing of these arrangements areis largely variable where the casino customer pays service fees to the Company based on a percentage of amounts wagered, (also known as coin-in), net win, or a daily fixed fee.fee for use of the game content, cabinets, and related support services.
 
Machine gamingGaming product sales revenues are generated from the sales of land-based gaming machines (equipment and game content), systems, component parts (including game conversion sales), other equipment and services. The Company categorizes revenue from gaming machines as product revenuesales from "Gaming Machines"“Gaming terminals” and revenue from game content as product revenuesales from "Systems and other Product Sales"“Other” as described in "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3.4. Revenue Recognition"Recognition” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.”


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Video Lottery Terminals ("VLTs") and Amusement with Prize Machines ("AWPs"Terminal (“VLT”)


The Company provides VLTs, VLT central systems, and VLT games worldwide. VLTs are gaming machines which are regulated by lotteries, and are usually connected to a central system. In addition, the Company provides AWPs and games to licensed operators in Italy and the rest of Europe. AWPs are typically low-denomination gaming machines installed in retail outlets.


With respect to the Company's machine gaming licenses in Italy, the Company directly manages stand-alone AWPs, as well as VLTs that are installed in various retail outlets and linked to a central system. The Company also provides systems and machines to other machine gaming licensees, either as a product sale or with long-term, fee-based contracts where the service revenue earned is generally based on a percentage of wagers, net of applicable gaming taxes. Due to the nature of the transactions, NALO and International generally categorize revenue from VLTs as product revenue from "Lottery machines" or as service revenue from "Other services" and ItalyThe Company categorizes revenue from VLTs as either service revenue from "Machine gaming"“Gaming terminal services” or product sales from “Gaming terminals”, depending on the nature of the transaction, as described in "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3.4. Revenue Recognition"Recognition” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.”


Gaming Management Systems
 
The Company offers a comprehensive range of system modules and applications for all areas of casino management. Gaming systems products include infrastructure and applications for casino management, customer relationship management, patron management, and server-based gaming. The Company'sCompany’s main casino management system offering is the Advantage®Advantage® System, which offers solutions and modules for a wide-range of activities from accounting and payment processing to patron management and regulatory compliance.


The Company'sCompany’s systems feature customized player messaging, tournament management, and integrated marketing and business intelligence modules that provide analytical, predictive, and management tools for maximizing casino operational effectiveness. The server-based solutions enable electronic game delivery and configuration for slot machines, as well as providing casino operators with opportunities to increase profits by enhancing the players’ experience, connecting with players interactively, and creating operational efficiencies. Service Window enables operators to market to customers more effectively by leveraging an additional piece of hardware onto existing machines for delivering in-screen messaging. The Company'sCompany’s systems portfolio also extends to encompass mobile solutions such as the Cardless Connect™ app,Resort Wallet™, which offersis a cardless, cashless loyalty solution for casino players. Resort Wallet™ includes IGTPay™, a fully cashless land-based offering for casino operators which provides a direct link to external funding. Mobile solutions that drive efficiencies and enable floor monitoring for operators while decreasing response time to player needs include Mobile Host, Mobile Responder, and Mobile Notifier. The Company categorizes revenue from gaming management systems as product revenuesales from "Systems and other Product sales"“Other” as described in "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3.4. Revenue Recognition"Recognition” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.”

3. SportsDigital & Betting

In Italy, the Company is a licensee for the operation of retail and internet-based sports betting. Specifically, the Company:

operates an expansive land-based B2C sports betting network through its “Better” brand on a fixed odds, pari-mutuel, or virtual betting basis;
establishes odds and assumes the risks related to fixed-odds sports contracts;
collects the wagers; and
makes the payouts.

The Company offers directly to customers betting on sports events (including basketball, horse racing, soccer, cycling, downhill skiing, cross country skiing, tennis, sailing, and volleyball), motor sports (car and motorcycle racing), and non-sports events connected with the world of entertainment, music, culture, and current affairs of primary national and international interest.

The Company also provides sports betting technology and management services in Italy, the U.S. (through both the NAGI and NALO business segments) and internationally, which include:

localized sports betting platforms certified for each market composed of either:
(i)core engine and associated support modules, as well as trading and risk management tools, provided to customers as a fully managed service, or
(ii)“software only” technical solutions to create a complete one-stop solution or to integrate new functionality to existing operations;
secure retail betting solutions;
point-of-sale display systems;
call center facilities;
internet and mobile betting technology; and
fixed odds or pool betting options.

Sports betting customers of the Company include: FanDuel, Horse Races S.A. (a subsidiary of OPAP), Lottery National Belgium (LNB), Pronósticos para la Asistencia Pública (a lottery in Mexico), and the Rhode Island Lottery. Commercial gaming customers include BetFred, DraftKings, and MGM Resorts International. The Company’s primary competitors in Sports Betting are Bet365, Betfair/PaddyPower, Eurobet, Sisal, SNAITECH, and William Hill. The Company categorizes revenue from sports betting as service revenue from "Other services" as described in "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3. Revenue Recognition" included in "Item 18. Financial Statements".

4. Digital


Digital gaming (or iGaming) enables game play via the internet for real money on mobile or for fun (social).the web. The Company, through its PlayCasino brand, designs, manufactures,assembles, and distributes a full suite of configurable products, systems, content, and services, and holds more than 2035 licenses, 17 of which are specific to digital gaming licenses worldwide. In Italy,only, that authorize the Company acts as both a complete internetprovision of digital gaming operatorproducts and mobile casino operator. The Company'sservices worldwide, including digital products includesuch as blackjack, roulette, slot games, poker, bingo, and onlineother casino table and slotcard games with features such as single and multiplayer options with branded titles and select third-party content. The Company provides social casino content as part of a multi-year strategic partnership with DoubleU Games. The Company’s complete suite of PlayLottery solutions, services, and professional expertise allows lotteries to fully engage their players on any digital channel in regulated markets. Existing lottery game portfolios are extended to the digital channel to provide a spectrum of engaging content such as eInstant tickets.
 
The Company’s iGaming systems and digital platforms offer customers an integrated system that provides player account management, advanced marketing and analytical capabilities, improved player engagement tools and a highly reliable and secure payment system. IGT Connect™ integrates third-party player account management systems, third-party game engines, and regulatory systems. The Company also offers a remote game server, which is a fast gateway to extensive casino and eInstant content, virtual reality games, and digital and social gaming services that enhance player experiences and create marketing opportunities around either the Company'sCompany’s games or third-party games.


The IGT PlaySpot™ mobile solution, an app-based product for casinos and lotteries enabling mobile games, services, and payments in specific retail environments that are defined by regulator-grade geo-location technologies, is offered by the Company in both lottery and casino environments. Wagering for money can be offered in the IGT PlaySpot™ Lottery mobile solution locations and options include eInstants, draw game ticket purchases, and keno. IGT PlaySpot™ Casino mobile solution offers real money wagering on activities including sports wagering and betting on live roulette and baccarat tables on premise. IGT PlaySpot™ Casino mobile solution ties into existing casino loyalty and back-office systems to fully integrate into customers' marketing and operations programs.

The Company'sCompany’s diverse digitaliGaming B2B customer base includes Caesar'sCaesars Interactive Entertainment, the GeorgiaFanDuel, Loto-Quebec, Ontario Lottery and William Hill,Gaming and Penn National Gaming, among others. Digital and social gaming products and services are provided through the NAGI, NALO, International, and Italy business segments. The Company faces competition from operators, such as 888 Holdings and bwin.party, and broad-based traditional B2B providers, such as Playtech plc and Microgaming.Microgaming as well as from in-house game development by some operators and an increasing number of content providers entering the market. The Company also faces competition in the digital space from other machine gaming suppliers, such as Scientific Games. Games and GAN.

The Company categorizes revenue from digital gaming products as product revenuesales from "Systems “Other”and other Product sales" and categorizes revenue from digital gaming services as service revenue from "Other services"“Digital and betting services” as described in "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3. 4. Revenue Recognition"Recognition” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.”


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5. Commercial ServicesSports Betting

The Company develops innovativeprovides sports betting technology and management services, branded as PlaySports, to enable lotterieslicensed sports betting operators in over 20 states in the U.S., holding 43 licenses that authorize the provision of sports betting products and services, 18 of which are specific to sports betting only. The Company does not operate direct to consumer sports betting in the U.S.

The Company offers a combination of technology and services to U.S. licensed sportsbook operators in each state where sports betting is legal. The offering may be different in each market in order to comply with local regulations and market conditions. The Company currently packages services in two ways:
“Sports betting platform” solutions offer commercialmodular services over their existing lottery infrastructurehosted and maintained in each U.S. state or over standalone networks separate fromtribal jurisdiction where sports betting is legal. These solutions provide certified and managed sports betting software made available for customers to operate retail and account-based interactive sports as well as retail components such as self-service betting kiosks and employee operated betting terminals, and integrate with pari-mutuel race wagering in a particular jurisdiction; and;
“Turnkey” managed service solutions combine the lottery. Leveraging its distribution networkCompany’s end-to-end sports betting management technology with a portfolio of value-added services, principally trading and secure transaction processing experience,trading support services, but that also may include offer management, payments, fraud management, advisory functions, and interactive components such as mobile web and desktop applications, all of which support the operations of land-based, digital, and omni-channel sports betting operators.

Sports betting operators who are customers of the Company offers high-volume processing of commercial transactions including: prepaid cellular telephone recharges, bill payments, e-vouchersin the U.S. include: FanDuel (Flutter plc), PointsBet, Delaware North, Boyd Gaming Corporation, Resorts World and retail-based programs, electronic tax payments, stamp duty services, prepaid card recharges,the Rhode Island Lottery. The Company’s primary competitors in the U.S. sports betting market include Scientific Games, Amelco and money transfers. These services are primarily offered outside of North America. In Italy,Kambi, and may in the Company's commercial payment and eMoney services network comprises points-of-sale divided among the primary retailers of lottery products: tobacconists, bars, petrol stations, newspaper stands, and motorway restaurants. future include OpenBet.
The Company categorizes revenue from commercial servicessports betting as service revenue from "Other services"“Digital and betting services” as described in "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3.4. Revenue Recognition"Recognition” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.”


Evaluation of Potential Separate Public Listing

As a part of its ongoing commitment to ensuring appropriate strategic flexibility for its Digital & Betting business segment, the Company is currently undertaking a legal entity and organizational realignment designed to provide the Digital & Betting business segment with dedicated management, a more nimble organization and governance structure and the ability to pursue organic and inorganic growth opportunities. As part of this process, the Company may evaluate a potential separate public listing of its Digital & Betting business segment to further enhance its strategic flexibility while maintaining a controlling interest following the consummation of any such potential separate public listing. There can be no assurances as to the form and timing of any separate public listing or other strategic activity that may result from this evaluation or if any such listing or activity will be consummated at all.

Business Segment Revenue


Revenues for the Company by business segment are as follows:
For the year ended December 31,
 Year Ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
($ in millions)($ in millions)202120202019
Service revenue 624,476
 780,633
 975,206
Service revenue2,690 2,043 2,183 
Product sales 378,693
 377,065
 398,248
Product sales123 121 110 
NAGI 1,003,169
 1,157,698
 1,373,454
Global LotteryGlobal Lottery2,812 2,164 2,293 
      
Service revenue 1,111,069
 1,093,048
 1,128,306
Service revenue630 483 842 
Product sales 80,833
 92,174
 65,269
Product sales482 354 806 
NALO 1,191,902
 1,185,222
 1,193,575
Global GamingGlobal Gaming1,112 837 1,648 
      
Service revenue 495,497
 557,049
 512,668
Service revenue163 114 76 
Product sales 324,486
 332,015
 314,637
Product sales15 
International 819,983
 889,064
 827,305
      
Service revenue 1,814,549
 1,703,901
 1,759,843
Product sales 930
 1,149
 1,295
Italy 1,815,479
 1,705,050
 1,761,138
      
Other 723
 1,925
 (1,576)
Digital & BettingDigital & Betting165 115 91 
      
Total revenue 4,831,256
 4,938,959
 5,153,896
Total revenue4,089 3,115 4,032 

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For a further description of the principal services and products the Company provides by business segment, including a breakdown of the Company'sCompany’s revenues by geographic market, see “Item 5.A5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—Operating Results”Prospects” and “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—21. Segment Information.”Information” included in Item 18. “Financial Statements”.


Seasonality

In general, the Company’s business is not materially affected by seasonal variation. However,In the lottery business, consumption may decrease over the summer months due to the tendency of consumers to be on vacation during that time, while consumption may increase around Christmas. Seasonal gaming trends generally show higher play levels in the spring and summer months and lower levels in the fall and winter months. Gaming product sales may be uneven throughout the year, and can be affected by factors including the timing of large transactions and new casino openings. In the sports betting business, the volume of bets that are collected over the year can be affected by the schedules of sporting events and the particular season of such sports. The volume of bets collected may also be affected by schedules of significant sporting events that occur at regular, but infrequent, intervals, such as the FIFA Football World Cup. InSuper Bowl and the lottery business, lottery consumption and gaming may decrease over the summer months due to the tendency of consumers to be on vacation during that time. Seasonal gaming trends generally show higher play levels in the spring and summer months and lower levels in the fall and winter months. Gaming product sales may be uneven throughout the year, and can be affected by factors including the timing of large transactions and new casino openings.
NCAA basketball tournament.
Source of Materials
The Company uses a variety of raw materials to assemble gaming devices (e.g., metals, wood, plastics, glass, electronic components, and LCD screens). Moreover, there is significant paper, toner, and ink consumption in the Company's offices and at our two ticket printing facilities. A large portion of the materials used involve packaging, most of which is cardboard and paper.

Management believesDuring 2021 and the beginning of 2022, the Company experienced shortages in the availability of electronic components necessary for the manufacture of gaming machines. See “Item 3.D. Risk Factors - Operational Risks - The Company depends on its suppliers and faces supply chain risks that adequate suppliescould adversely affect its financial results.” The ongoing global supply chain crisis may lead to further shortages in 2022 and alternate sourcesbeyond. Supply chain constraints have also led to an increase in prices for most of the Company’s principal raw materials are available, and does not believe that the prices of these raw materials are especially volatile.materials. The Company generally has global material suppliers and uses multi-sourcing practices to promote component availability. The Company does outsource all of the manufacturing and assembly of certain lottery terminals to a single vendor; however, management believes the Company is likely to be able to realign its manufacturing facilities to manufacture such lottery terminals itself if such vendor fails to meet production schedules.
Product Development
The Company devotes substantial resources to research and development and incurred $263.3$238 million, $313.1$191 million, and $343.5$266 million of related expenses in 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively. The Company'sCompany’s research and development efforts cover multiple creative and engineering disciplines for its lottery, gaming and gamingdigital businesses, including creative game content, hardware, and software; and land-based, online social, and onlinedigital real-money applications. These products are created primarily by employee designers, engineers, and artists, as well as third-party content creators. Third-party technologies are used to improve the yield from development investment and concentrate increased resources on product differentiation engineering.

ManufacturingProduct assembly operations primarily involve the configuration and assembly of electronic components, cables, harnesses, video monitors, and prefabricated parts purchased from outside sources.
Intellectual Property
The Company’s intellectual property (“IP”) portfolio of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and other licensed rights is significant. At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company held 4,980approximately 4,100 patents and 7,4739,200 trademarks filed and registered worldwide. The Company'sCompany’s IP portfolio is widely diversified with patents related to a variety of products, including game designs, bonus and secondary embedded game features, device components, systems features, and web-based or mobile functionality. The Company also relies on trade secret protection, believing that its technical “know-how” and the creative skills of its personnel are of substantial importance to its success.

Most of the Company’s products are marketed under trademarks and copyrights that provide product recognition and promote widespread acceptance. The Company seeks protection for its copyrights and trademarks in the U.S. and various foreign countries, where applicable, and uses IP assets offensively and defensively to protect its innovation. The Company also has a program where it licenses its patents to others under terms designed to promote standardization in the gaming industry.

In addition, some of the Company’s most popular games and features, including Wheel of Fortune®, are based on trademarks, patents and/or other intellectual property licensed from third parties. The Company routinely obtains, retains, and expands licenses for popular intellectual property.
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Software Development
The Company has developed software for use in the management of a range of lottery, gaming, and betting functions and products, including leveraging integration with third-party software components. Software developed by the Company is used in a variety of applications including (i) in centralized systems for the management of lotteries, machine gaming (including digital gaming) and betting, and other commercial services; (ii) to enhance functions connected to services provided through websites and mobile applications including lotteries, sports betting, instant win, and casino style games; and (iii) in a variety of back-office functions. Software developed by the Company is also used in machines for: management of lotteries, machine gaming, betting and online payments; provision of gaming and non-gaming content; and integration with other devices such as mobile phones and tablets.

Regulatory Framework
The gaming and lottery industries are subject to extensive and evolving governmental regulation in the U.S. and other jurisdictions. Gaming laws are based upon declarations of public policy designed to ensure that gaming is conducted honestly, competitively, and free of criminal and corruptive elements. While the regulatory requirements vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, the majority typically require some form of licensing or regulatory suitability of operators, suppliers, manufacturers and distributors as well as their major shareholders, officers, directors and key employees. Regulators review many aspects of an applicant including financial stability, integrity and business experience. Additionally, the Company’s gaming and lottery products and technologies require certification or approval in most jurisdictions where the Company conducts business.

A comprehensive network of internal and external resources and controls is required to achieve compliance with the broad governmental oversight of the Company’s business. The Company has a robust internal compliance program designed to ensure compliance with applicable requirements imposed in connection with its gaming and lottery activities, as well as legal requirements generally

applicable to all publicly traded companies. The Company employs over 120more than 100 people to support global compliance which is directed on a day-to-day basis by the Company’s Senior Vice President, Chief Compliance and Risk Management Officer. Legal advice is provided by attorneys from the Company’s legal department as well as outside experts. The compliance program, accountable to the Parent’s board of directors, is overseen by the Global Compliance Governance Committee, which comprises employee and nonemployeenon-employee directors and a non-employee gaming law expert. Through these efforts, the Company seeks to assure both regulators and investors that all its operations maintain the highest levels of integrity.

Gaming

The manufacture, sale and distribution of gaming devices, equipment, and related technology and services are subject to federal, state, tribal, and local regulations in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The initial regulatory requirement in most jurisdictions is to obtain the privileged licenses that allow the Company to participate in gaming activities. The Company’s operating entities and key personnel have obtained or applied for all known government licenses, permits, registrations, findings of suitability, and approvals necessary to manufacture, distribute and/or operate gaming products in all jurisdictions where it does business. Although many gaming regulations across jurisdictions are similar or overlapping, the Company must satisfy all conditions individually for each jurisdiction. Obtaining the required licenses at a corporate and individual level is a thorough process, in which the authorities review detailed information about the companies and individuals applying for suitability. Once the license has been granted, regulatory oversight ensures that the licensee continue to operate with honesty and integrity.

Frequently, gaming regulators not only govern the activities within their jurisdiction or origin, but also monitor activities in other jurisdictions to ensure that the Company complies with local standards on a worldwide basis. A violation in one jurisdiction could result in disciplinary action in another.

The Company holds over 450 gaming licenses across approximately 340 jurisdictions. Key regulatory authorities that have licensed the Company include, among others, the United Kingdom Gambling Commission, the Nevada State Gaming Control Board and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement. The Company has never been denied a gaming related license, nor had any of its licenses suspended or revoked.

Lottery

Lotteries in the U.S. are regulated by state or other applicable law. There are currently 4546 U.S. jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia) that authorize the operation of lotteries. Additionally, a few state lotteries offer internet instant game sales to in-state lottery customers and several states allow subscription sales of draw games over the internet. The ongoing operations of lotteries and lottery operators are typically subject to extensive and broad regulation, which vary state-by-state. The awarding of lottery contracts and ongoing operations of lotteries in international jurisdictions are also extensively regulated, although international regulations typically vary from those prevailing in the U.S. Lottery regulatory authorities generally exercise significant discretion, including with respect to the determination of the types of games played, the price of each wager, the manner in which the lottery is marketed and the selection of suppliers of equipment, technology, and services, as well as the retailers of lottery products. To ensure the integrity of contract awards and lottery operations, most jurisdictions require detailed background disclosure on a continuous basis from vendors and their officers, directors, subsidiaries, affiliates, and principal stockholders. Background investigations of the vendors’ employees who will be directly responsible for the operation of lottery systems are also generally conducted. Certain jurisdictions also require extensive personal and financial disclosure and background checks from persons and entities beneficially owning a specified percentage of a vendor’s securities.

Gaming

The awardingassembly, sale and distribution of lottery contractsgaming devices, equipment, and ongoing operationsrelated technology and services are subject to federal, state, tribal, and local regulations in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The initial regulatory requirement in most jurisdictions is to obtain the privileged licenses that allow the Company to participate in gaming activities. The Company’s operating entities and key personnel have obtained or applied for all known government licenses, permits, registrations, findings of lotteriessuitability, and approvals necessary to assemble, distribute and/or operate gaming products in internationalall jurisdictions where it does business. Although many gaming regulations across jurisdictions are also extensively regulated, although international regulations typically vary from those prevailingsimilar or overlapping, the Company must satisfy all conditions individually for each jurisdiction. Obtaining the required licenses at a corporate and individual level is a thorough process, in which the authorities review detailed information about the companies and individuals applying for suitability, as well as the
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processes used in the U.S.assembly, sale, and distribution of gaming devices. Once the license has been granted, regulatory oversight is designed to ensure that the licensee continues to operate with honesty and integrity.

Frequently, gaming regulators not only govern the activities within their jurisdiction or origin, but also monitor activities in other jurisdictions to ensure that the Company complies with local standards on a worldwide basis. A violation in one jurisdiction could result in disciplinary action in another.
The Company holds over 480 gaming, digital and sports betting licenses across approximately 350 jurisdictions. Key regulatory authorities that have licensed the Company include, among others, the United Kingdom Gambling Commission, the Nevada State Gaming Control Board and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement. The Company has never been denied a gaming related license, nor had any of its licenses suspended or revoked.
Digital and Sports Betting

In 2018,2021, there was continued growth in sports wagering across the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Professional, with more states legalizing and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (“PASPA”), allowing states other than Nevada, Oregon, Delaware,adopting regulations to govern sports wagers, and Montana (where sports betting was already authorized) to legalize sports wagering. A handful of states acted quickly to take advantage of the repeal: New Jersey, Mississippi, Rhode Island, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and some individual Tribal jurisdictions. Many states areothers expected to address the legalization of sports wageringlaunch in upcoming legislative sessions.2022 and beyond. The channels for offering sports wagering differ from state to state, with most states seeking to offer sports wagering both in person and through some electronic means, such as via a mobile phone app.

In the U.S., the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (“UIGEA”) prohibits, among other things, the acceptance by a business of a wager by means of the internet where such wager is prohibited by any applicable law where initiated, received or otherwise made. Under UIGEA, severe criminal and civil sanctions may be imposed on the owners and operators of such systems and on financial institutions that process wagering transactions. The law contains a safe harbor for wagers placed within a single state (disregarding intermediate routing of the transmission) where the method of placing the bet and receiving the bet is authorized by that state’s law, provided the underlying regulations establish appropriate age and location verification.



Also in the U.S., the Wire Act prohibits several types of wager-related communications over a “wire communications facility.” In 2011, the DOJ issued an opinionthe 2011 Opinion, interpreting the Wire Act as applicable only to sports wagering.wagering and that UIGEA does not supersede or otherwise limit the scope of the Wire Act. In January 2019, the DOJ published the 2019 Opinion, concluding that the Wire Act was applicable to other forms of gambling that cross state lines, though the precise scope of the 2019 Opinion is unclear, and the DOJ has not yet addressed how it plans to enforce the Wire Act. The DOJ hasinitially issued a memorandum stating that it will not enforce the 2019 Opinion prior to June 14, 2019. Further, the New Hampshire Lottery Commission and certain private parties have(the “Plaintiffs”) commenced litigation in federal district court in New Hampshire challenging the 2019 Opinion. In response to this and other lawsuits, the DOJ issued a memorandum in April 2019 acknowledging that the 2019 Opinion did not consider whether the Wire Act applies to State lotteries and ittheir vendors, and the DOJ is now considering this issue. In connection with such acknowledgment, the DOJ also extended the non-prosecution period for State lotteries and their vendors indefinitely while they consider the question. If the DOJ concludes that the Wire Act does apply to State lotteries and/or their vendors, they would extend the non-prosecution period for an additional period of 90 days after the DOJ publicly announces such position (the “Lottery Forbearance”).

On June 3, 2019, the U.S. District Court for the District of New Hampshire issued the NH Decision, ruling in favor of the Plaintiffs and opining that the Wire Act applies only to sports betting and related activities. The NH Decision also set aside the 2019 Opinion leaving the 2011 Opinion as DOJ’s only stated position on the subject. In response to the NH Decision, the DOJ extended the forbearance period to December 31, 2019; such forbearance period was further extended through December 1, 2020. The Lottery Forbearance remains unchanged. The DOJ appealed the NH Decision to the United States Court of Appeal for the First Circuit, and on January 20, 2021, the United States Court of Appeal for the First Circuit of Appeal affirmed the NH Decision in part through issuance of the First Circuit Decision. The First Circuit Decision also vacated the portion of the NH Decision which set aside the 2019 Opinion. It is unclear howwhether the courtDOJ will rule. The 2019 Opinion also states DOJ’s view that UIGEA does not supersede or otherwise limitappeal the scopeFirst Circuit Decision to the Supreme Court of the United States, when the DOJ will conclude its consideration of whether the Wire Act.Act applies to State lotteries and their vendors, or whether other courts would come to the same conclusions set forth in the NH Decision. On November 24, 2021, the Company filed a complaint against the DOJ in the U.S. District Court for the District of Rhode Island. The complaint seeks declaratory relief that the Wire Act applies only to sports betting and related activities. If granted, the Company would enjoy the same relief that the plaintiffs received in the NH Decision, that the Wire Act applies solely to sports betting and related activities wherever the Company’s United States businesses are located, as opposed to the current protection which is currently limited to the First Circuit.

Delaware, New Jersey, and PennsylvaniaMichigan has been added to the list of states that have authorized internet casino gaming, alongside Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and Nevada has authorized online poker. Additionally, a few state lotteries offer internet instant game sales to in-state lottery customers and several states allow subscription sales
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Table of draw games over the internet.Contents

The Company participates in digital gaming and sports wagering in the U.S. as a content and technology provider within fully regulated gaming and lottery frameworks.

Digital gaming in the E.U. is characterized by diverse regulatory frameworks with some E.U. countries having monopolistic regimes run by a sole operator and others having established licensing systems for more than one operator. The Company carefully evaluates each E.U. jurisdiction to ensure adherence to applicable laws and regulations. As local regulations and related guidance from authorities change, the Company re-evaluates its position in any given country. In 2018, the E.U. Court of Justice announced that it was dropping all enforcement proceedings related to gambling which allows the individual E.U. country rulings to stand, regardless of whether or not they violate E.U. laws. It is possible that this decision byAs a result, the European Court of Justice, and any subsequent changes in laws ofCompany has made adjustments to its strategy, to respect the individual E.U. jurisdictions, could impact some of the previous legal analysis conducted by the Company and its decisions to enter certain European markets.

country rulings.
Italian Gaming and Betting Regulations
The Company operates in Italy in the lottery, gaming, and betting sectors and is subject to regulatory oversight by the ADM.Agenzia delle Dogane e Dei Monopoli (“ADM”) in Italy. At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company held licenses for (1) the activation and operation of the network for Italy'sItaly’s Lotto game and (2) the operation of instant and traditional lotteries, (3) the activation and operation of the network for the telematic operation of legalized AWPs and VLTs, (4) the land based collection of pari-mutuel and fixed odds betting through physical points of sale and digital channels and (5) the digital gaming collection operated through digital channels, including digital sports betting, skill games, casino games, and digital Bingo.

lotteries.
Gaming in Italy is an activity reserved to the State. Any game that is carried out without proper authorization is illegal and subject to criminal penalties. Italian law grants the Ministry of Economy and Finance, through ADM, the power to introduce games and to manage gaming and betting activities directly or by granting licenses to qualified operators selected by means of public tenders as further explained below. The process of creating and granting gaming and betting licenses in Italy is heavily regulated.

Gaming and betting licenses are granted pursuant to a public tender procurement process. The license provides for all of the licensee’s requirements, in accordance with the provisions of Italian law and regulation, activities and duties, including collection of the game’s revenues, the payment of winnings, the payment of the point of sale, payment of gaming taxes and all the other amounts due to the State, the drawings and the management of all of the technological assets to operate gaming, requirements of the technological infrastructure and the relevant service levels. Licenses are for a determined time period, generally nine years, and are not renewable unless indicated in the licensing agreement; in such event, the renewal is not guaranteed to be on the same terms. In certain cases, the license may be extended at the option of the ADM on the same terms. Under other circumstances, which are typically defined in the licensing agreement, the license may be revoked or terminated. Most cases of early termination are related to the breach of the terms of the licensing agreement or the non-fulfillment of conditions of that agreement as well as the loss of the requirements prescribed by Italian law and regulation for the assignment and the maintenance of gaming licenses. In some cases, the early termination of the license allows the State to draw upon the entire amount of the performance bond presented by the licensee. Upon governmental request, the licensee has an obligation to transfer, free of charge, the assets subject of the license to the State at the end of the term of the license or in the event of its revocation or early termination. Each single license contains specific provisions enacting such general obligation.

Sustainability
IGT’s significant commitment to sustainability represents the Company’s long-term ambition to serve the global gaming market according to disciplined ethical and integrity principles. This commitment was further advanced in early 2021 by the establishment of the IGT Sustainability Steering Committee (SSC), chaired by the Senior Vice President, Marketing, Communications and Sustainability reporting directly to the Parent’s CEO, and comprising IGT senior management and global sustainability team members.

The SSC focuses upon carrying out programs and initiatives that contribute to IGT’s sustainability strategy, from energy use to wider environmental and human rights issues, to the implementation of policies and strategic initiatives such as establishing the Company’s Supplier Code of Conduct. Among the objectives pursued, the SSC aims at establishing a long-term vision and related objectives on sustainability, fostering a consistent sustainability approach across all regions and businesses, and increasing communication on sustainability practices by sharing best practices at a global and local level.
C.Organizational Structure
In order to pursue these objectives and design the path necessary to their achievement, during 2021 the SSC approved the definition of a Sustainability Plan aimed at identifying areas for improvement in the Company’s sustainability performance with respect to external and internal drivers and at defining initiatives and actions to bridge the identified gaps accordingly. Moreover, as part of the development of its Sustainability Plan, the Company is strengthening its efforts to limit its climate change impact through a specific carbon neutrality project that started this year with the Greenhouse Gas Inventory Calculation (consisting of a list of emissions by scope as per the Greenhouse Gas Protocol) and is expected to result in the Company developing specific emission reduction targets and decarbonization trajectories.
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The Company’s ongoing pledge to sustainable growth within the gaming industry includes the guiding principles set forth by the 2030 United Nations (UN) Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Based on its business activities and its sustainability priorities, IGT has identified nine Sustainable Development Goals as key areas of focus: no poverty, good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industry innovation and infrastructure, reduced inequalities, and climate action.
In addition, in early 2019, the Company joined the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), the largest corporate responsibility initiative in the world for the development, implementation, and disclosure of responsible corporate policies and practices.
The Company’s global sustainability strategy is centered on four key priorities:
Valuing and Protecting Our People - The organizational climate of a business is how employees at all levels perceive the workplace environment. Many factors can contribute to an employee’s perception, and the Company strives to develop initiatives and programs that support a positive organizational climate. This is evidenced through IGT’s Modern Slavery Act statement, and a variety of other initiatives to support this pillar in daily work life including employee Diversity and Inclusion Groups.
Advancing Responsibility - The Company maintains certifications in responsible gaming through both the Global Gaming Guidance Group and World Lottery Association. Responsible gaming capabilities and features are part of our core products and we are positioned to assist customers achieve their responsible gaming goals. In 2021, IGT created and released to the public its global Responsible Gaming Policy to promote transparency and best practices in the industry.
Supporting Our Communities - The Company supports the community through corporate and employee driven programs. The flagship After School Advantage Program is designed to bring technology and skill development in STEAM education to youth. Since 1999, the Company has placed over 340 digital learning centers. The Company also supports communities financially through a charitable giving program that aligns with the Company’s Sustainable Development Goals. Employee programs support the unique passions of employees and promote volunteerism.
Fostering Sustainable Operations - The Company’s commitment to sustainability represents its long-term ambition to serve the global gaming market according to the highest level of ethical and integrity principles. The Company has also committed to continually working to increase its environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) performance. For example, IGT’s instant ticket printing facility in Lakeland, Florida has been acknowledged for its commitment to developing sustainable solutions that reduce the environmental impact of printing while improving workers’ health and safety.
The Company is invested in creating a path to sustainability that is inspired by its five fundamental corporate values (Passionate, Responsible, Authentic, Collaborative, and Pioneering). The Company’s commitment aligns with high standards of integrity and ethical conduct, diversity and inclusion, and professional development.
ESG factors concur in the evaluation process of the Company according to the degree of sustainability integrated into the business. IGT has continually committed to improving the quality of information disclosed about the conduct of its business.
In 2021, IGT released its global Responsible Gaming Policy. The policy was created to transparently inform and educate all relevant stakeholders about IGT's worldwide programs and solutions designed to promote fair play and comply with requirements and regulations on responsible gaming in all jurisdictions in which the Company operates. IGT counts a strong governance model, innovation and collaboration with internal and external partners as success drivers for its responsible gaming initiatives. Topic-focused working groups created through this new policy have been developed to explore emerging trends and best practices related to responsible gaming. IGT's approach to responsible gaming includes the three primary goals of promoting protective tools to prevent problem gambling, supporting responsible gaming organizations that address problem gambling, and preventing underage gambling.
The Company’s sustainability efforts have been rewarded with the following recognition:
Jade Luchauer, IGT Senior Manager Global Sustainability, won the “Outstanding Individual Contribution to Responsible Gaming” award in the Global Regulatory Awards 2021. The independently judged, annual awards program is coordinated by Gambling Compliance and is designed to recognize and reward individuals and teams who work tirelessly to set new standards in compliance and responsibility across the global gambling industry; and
IGT’s lottery operations, including iLottery, have been recertified by the World Lottery Association (“WLA”) for WLA’s Corporate Social Responsibility Standards and Responsible Gaming Framework for Suppliers.
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Finally, IGT recently announced the submission of the Science Based Target Commitment Letter, with which the Company officially pledges to set targets to reduce GHG emissions, contributing to low-carbon emissions growth and furthering the Company's ESG impact. The Company also recently published its Human Rights Policy Statement, which makes clear the Company’s commitment to human dignity and to civil rights. The policy contains information about commitment, responsibilities, and behaviors in relation to human rights, required from all employees, directors, officers, and consultants, and expected from third parties, agents or representatives who deal with or act on behalf of IGT and its controlled affiliates.

C.    Organizational Structure
A listing of the Parent’s directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries at February 28, 201924, 2022 is set forth in Exhibit 8.1 to this annual report on Form 20-F. At February 28, 2019,24, 2022, De Agostini had an economic interest of approximately 50.64%50.75% (excluding treasury shares) and, due to its election to exercise the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares associated with its ordinary shares pursuant to the loyalty plan,Loyalty Plan, a voting interest in the Parent of approximately 67.23%65.29% of the total voting rights.rights (excluding treasury shares). See “Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions” for additional information.Transactions.
The following is a diagram of the Parent and certain of its subsidiaries and associated companies at February 28, 2019: 24, 2022:

igt-20211231_g1.jpg
neworgchart.gif
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Property, Plant and Equipment

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D.Property, Plant and Equipment
The Parent'sParent’s principal office is located at Marble Arch House, 66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor, London W1H 5BT, U.K., telephone number +44 (0) 207 535 3200. At February 28, 2019,24, 2022, the Company leased approximately 126approximately 112 properties in the U.S. under approximately 130 leases and 291approximately 101 properties outside of the U.S. under approximately 125 leases. Certain properties leased by the Company are subject to multiple leases (e.g., andbuildings where each floor leased by the Company is under a separate lease). As of February 24, 2022, the Company owned a number of facilities and properties, including:
anAn approximately 113,000 square foot manufacturing,production and research and development and office building in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada;
an approximately 52,500 square foot research and development lab and engineering office in Reno, Nevada;
anAn approximately 51,000 square foot manufacturingproduction and assembly facility and office facility in Gross St. Florian, Austria;Austria (listed for sale in January 2021); and
anAn approximately 13,00013,050 square foot enterprise data center in West Greenwich, Rhode Island.
The following table shows the Company'sCompany’s material properties at February 28, 2019:24, 2022:
U.S. Properties
LocationSquare
Feet
Use and Productive CapacityExtent of
Utilization
Holding
Status
9295 Prototype Drive,
Reno, NV(1)
1,251,179Office; Warehouse; Game Studios; Hardware/Software Engineering; Global Production Center; Electronic Gaming Machine and Instant Ticket Vending Machine Production93 %Leased
6355 S. Buffalo Drive,
Las Vegas, NV(2)
222,268U.S. Principal Operating Facility; Game Studio; Systems Software; Showroom100 %Leased
55 Technology Way,
West Greenwich, RI
170,000WG Technology Center: Office; Research and Testing; Storage and Distribution100 %Leased
4000 South Frontage Road, Suite 101
Lakeland, FL
174,720Printing Plant: Printing facility; Storage and Distribution; Office100 %Leased
10 Memorial Boulevard,
Providence, RI
124,769U.S. Principal Operating Facility100 %Leased
300 California Street, Floor 8,
San Francisco, CA(3)
15,457PlayDigital HQ: Office100 %Leased
8520 Tuscany Way, Bldg. 6, Suite 100,
Austin, TX
81,933Texas Warehouse and National Response Center: Contact Center; Storage and Distribution; Office95 %Leased
8200 Cameron Road, Suite E120,
Austin, TX
41,705Data Center of the Americas: Data Center; Network Operations; Office80 %Leased
5300 Riata Park Court, Bldg. E, Suite 100,
Austin, TX
26,759Austin Tech Campus: Research and Test; Office59 %Leased
47 Technology Way,
West Greenwich, RI
13,050Enterprise Data Center: Data Center; Network Operations100 %Owned
(1) 88,305 sq. ft. of this property will be sub-leased to a sub-tenant from March 1, 2022.
(2) 120,586 sq. ft. of this property has been sub-leased to a sub-tenant.
(3) The Company will be vacating this property as of February 28, 2022.


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Location
Square
Feet
Use and Productive Capacity
Extent of
Utilization
Holding
Status
9295 Prototype Drive,
Reno, NV
1,180,418Office; Warehouse, Game Studios; Hardware/Software Engineering; Global Manufacturing Center; Electronic Gaming Machine and Instant Ticket Vending Machine Production100%Leased
6355 S. Buffalo Drive,
Las Vegas, NV
222,268U.S. Principal Operating Facility, Game Studio, Systems Software, Showroom100%Leased
55 Technology Way,
West Greenwich, RI
170,000WG Technology Center: Office; Research and Testing; Storage and Distribution100%Leased
4000 South Frontage Road, Suite 101
Lakeland, FL
141,960Printing Plant: Printing facility; Storage and Distribution; Office100%Leased
10 Memorial Boulevard,
Providence, RI
124,769U.S. Principal Operating Facility100%Leased
300 California Street, Floor 8,
San Francisco, CA
115,457Office; PlayDigital HQ100%Leased
8520 Tuscany Way, Bldg. 6, Suite 100,
Austin, TX
81,933Texas Warehouse and National Response Center: Contact Center; Storage and Distribution; Office95%Leased
5300 Riata Park Court, Bldg. E, Suite 100,
Austin, TX
42,537Austin Tech Campus: Research and Test; Office90%Leased
8200 Cameron Road, Suite E120,
Austin, TX
41,705Data Center of the Americas: Data Center; Network Operations; Office80%Leased
47 Technology Way,
West Greenwich, RI
13,050Enterprise Data Center: Data Center; Network Operations75%Owned
75 Baker Street,
Providence, RI
10,640RI National Response Center: Office; Contact Center100%Leased

Non-U.S. Properties
Location
Square
Feet
Use and Productive Capacity
Extent of
Utilization
Holding
Status
LocationSquare
Feet
Use and Productive CapacityExtent of
Utilization
Holding
Status
Via delle Monachelle S.N.C.
Pomezia, Rome, Italy
129,120Instant Ticket Warehouse; Instant Ticket Production100%LeasedVia delle Monachelle S.N.C.
Pomezia, Rome, Italy
129,167Instant Ticket Warehouse; Instant Ticket Production100 %Leased
Galwin 2
1046 AW Amsterdam, Netherlands
125,128Electronic Gaming Machine Production; Gaming Distribution/Repair; Research and Test; Office90%LeasedGalwin 2
1046 AW Amsterdam, Netherlands
125,128Electronic Gaming Machine Production; Gaming Distribution/Repair; Research and Test; Office90 %Leased
Viale del Campo Boario 56/D 00154
Roma, Italy
123,740Principal Operating Facility in Italy: Office Italy Data Center: Data Center; Network Operations100%LeasedViale del Campo Boario 56/D 00154
Roma, Italy
174,526Principal Operating Facility in Italy; Office; Italy Data Center: Data Center; Network Operations100 %Leased
328 Urquhart Ave,
Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
113,000Canada HQ; Office; Research and Testing; VLT Production100%Owned328 Urquhart Ave,
Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
113,000Canada HQ; Office; Research and Testing; VLT Production100 %Owned
Viale del Campo Boario 19 00154
Roma, Italy
96,840Office; Software Development95%Leased
Seering 13-14,
Unterpremstatten, Austria
73,776Austria Gaming HQ; Office; Research and Test90%LeasedSeering 13-14,
Unterpremstatten, Austria
78,082Austria Gaming HQ; Office; Research and Test90 %Leased
29 Suzhoujie Street, Viva Plaza, Haidian District, Room No. 1-20, 11th and 18th Floors, Beijing 100080, China56,898Game Studio; Systems Software; Office85%Leased29 Suzhoujie Street, Viva Plaza, Haidian District, Room No. 1-20, 11th and 18th Floors, Beijing 100080, China28,382Game Studio; Systems Software; Office85 %Leased
Al. Jerozolimskie, 92
Brama Building,
Warsaw, Poland
51,072International Tech Hub; Office; Research and Test95%LeasedAl. Jerozolimskie, 92
Brama Building,
Warsaw, Poland
48,283Global Tech Hub; Office; Research and Test95 %Leased
USCE Tower
Bulevar Mihajla, Pupina No. 6
Belgrade, Serbia
28,471Software Development Office, Lottery and Gaming Products95%LeasedUSCE Tower
Bulevar Mihajla, Pupina No. 6
Belgrade, Serbia
42,764Software Development Office, Lottery and Gaming Products95 %Leased
11 Talavera Rd.
Building B,
Sydney, Australia
27,432Office; Sales & Marketing; Financial Support100%Leased11 Talavera Rd.
Building B,
Sydney, Australia
27,432Office; Sales & Marketing; Financial Support100 %Leased
10 Finsbury Square, 3rd Floor
London EC2A 1AD, United Kingdom
17,340
International Management HQ, Play Digital

100%Leased
Marble Arch House,
66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor,
London W1H 5BT, United Kingdom
11,495Registered Global Headquarters of the Parent75%Leased
10 Finsbury Square, 3rd Floor London EC2A 1AD, United Kingdom(1)
10 Finsbury Square, 3rd Floor London EC2A 1AD, United Kingdom(1)
17,340Global Management HQ, PlayDigital
100 %Leased
Marble Arch House,
66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor,
London W1H 5BT, United Kingdom*
Marble Arch House,
66 Seymour Street, 2nd Floor,
London W1H 5BT, United Kingdom*
11,495Registered Global Headquarters of the Parent75 %Leased
*    This property has been listed for sub-lease.
(1) 4,600 sq. ft. of this property has been sub-leased to a sub-tenant.
All of the Company’s facilities have remained open for critical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, although the majority of employees are currently working remotely.
The Company'sCompany’s facilities are in good condition and are adequate for its present needs and there are no known environmental issues that may affect the Company'sCompany’s utilization of its real property assets.
The Company does not have any plans to construct, expand or improve its facilities in any material manner other than general maintenance of facilities. As such, no increase in productive capacity is anticipated.
None of the Company'sCompany’s properties are subject to mortgages or other material security interests.



Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 4A.Unresolved Staff Comments

None.


32

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Item 5.Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
    

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

The following discussion and analysis of the Company'sCompany’s financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements, including the notes thereto, included in this annual report, as well as “Presentation of Financial and Certain Other Information,” “Item 3.A. Selected Financial Data,”  “Item 3.D. Risk Factors”Factors,” and “Item 4.B.4.B. Business Overview.”
 
The following discussion includes certain forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed belowinformation for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and elsewhere in this annual report, including in “Item 5.G. Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995” and “Item 3.D. Risk Factors.”2019.


A.Operating Results


Business Overview
 
The Company is a leading commercial operatorglobal leader in gaming that delivers entertaining and provider of technologyresponsible gaming experiences for players across all channels and regulated segments, from gaming machines and lotteries to sports betting and digital. Leveraging compelling content, substantial investment in the regulated worldwide gaming markets that operates and provides a full range of servicesinnovation, player insights, operational expertise, and leading-edge technology, products across allthe Company’s solutions deliver gaming markets, including lotteries, machine gaming,experiences that engage players and drive growth. The Company has a well-established local presence and relationships with governments and regulators in more than 100 countries around the world, and creates value by adhering to the highest standards of service, integrity, and responsibility.

During the third quarter of 2021, we established a dedicated Digital & Betting business segment, comprising our iGaming and sports betting interactive gamingactivities that were previously included within our Global Gaming business segment. Our Global Lottery business segment and commercial services. corporate support functions were unchanged. As a result, we now manage and report our operating results through three business segments: Global Lottery, Global Gaming, and Digital & Betting, along with a corporate support function (“Corporate and Other”).

The Company's state-of-the-art information technology platforms and software enable distributionoperations for the periods presented herein are reported under this organizational structure.

Discontinued Operations

On May 10, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses to Gamenet Group S.p.A. for a cash sale price of €950 million. The sale of the businesses met the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation and, as a result, the discussion that follows in this Item 5 has been prepared on a continuing operations basis and excludes results from discontinued operations, discussed in detail in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 3 Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale, included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

OPtiMa

In connection with the 2020 introduction of our global product organizations, we identified opportunities to optimize our portion of the value chain across businesses and regions and launched the “OPtiMa” program. We anticipated that the program would yield over $200 million in structural cost savings and capital expenditure reductions relative to a 2019 run rate with 75% of the savings benefiting the consolidated statement of operations and 25% arising from reductions in capital expenditures. At the segment level, approximately 85% of the expected savings related to Global Gaming, with the balance split between Global Lottery, Digital & Betting, and Corporate and Other.

The OPtiMa program was comprised of the following three main initiatives:
1.Operational excellence: included the optimization of procurement and assembly processes as well as the supply chain and logistics. This represented about 30% of the anticipated savings at a 2019 run rate with a ramp-up phase that depended on the level of production volume.
2.Product simplification: efforts aimed at reducing the complexity of our product offering and geographic mix. This included a return-driven ranking assessment of products and services through land-based systems,markets, a reassessment of structural support cost, and the internetreallocation of resources from high-cost to low-cost jurisdictions. These initiatives represented another 30% of the anticipated savings at run rate.
3.Margin improvement: efforts to optimize back-office functions, reduce our global facilities footprint, and mobile devices.
The structurecontinue with disciplined cost controls implemented in 2020. This accounts for the remaining 40% of its internal organization is customer-facing aligned around four segments operating in three regions as follows:
the savings at run rate, and of the
North America Gaming
33

three initiatives, was the category with the quickest implementation time as it built on the robust COVID-19 induced cost controls.

In 2021, we achieved the anticipated savings and Interactive
reductions related to the OptiMa program.
North America Lottery

International
Italy

Key Factors Affecting Operations and Financial Condition
 
The Company’s worldwide operations can be affected by industrial, economic, and political factors on both a regional and global level. The following are a description of the principal factors which have affected the Company'sCompany’s results of operations and financial condition and/or which may affect results of operations and financial condition for future periods.
 
SaleCOVID-19: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted our business. We began experiencing a significant decline in operations due to COVID-19 towards the end of Double Down Interactive LLC: On June 1, 2017,the first quarter of fiscal 2020 and continuing throughout the 2020 fiscal year. The pandemic and its consequences, including lockdowns and the closure of almost all casinos and gaming halls globally in the first half of 2020, dramatically reduced demand for gaming products and services. While most casinos and gaming halls have since reopened, some capacity restrictions still remain in place and some remain closed.

The ongoing impact of COVID-19 on our longer-term operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the continued widespread distribution of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines. Many of these future developments are outside of our control. The Company continues to take measures to protect the health and safety of its employees by enabling employees who could work remotely to do so, while maintaining critical on-site operations with enhanced health and safety measures such as instituting mask requirements, practicing social distancing, contact tracing, and performing regular deep cleaning in each facility.

Product Sales: Product sales fluctuate from year to year due to the mix, volume, and timing of the transactions. Product sales amounted to $606 million, $476 million and $931 million, or approximately 15%, 15%, and 23% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Jackpots: The Company believes that the performance of lottery products is influenced by the size of available jackpots in jurisdictions that offer such jackpots. In general, when jackpots increase, sales of lottery tickets also increase, further increasing the jackpot.

Non-Cash Goodwill Impairments: In 2019, the Company sold Double Down Interactive LLC ("DoubleDown")determined that there was an impairment in the former International reporting unit’s goodwill due to DoubleU Games Co., Ltd. ("DoubleU"). The $27.2 million gain on sale, netthe results being lower than forecasted along with higher weighted-average cost of selling costs, is classified within transaction expense (income), net on the consolidated statement of operations.capital. As a result, a $99 million non-cash goodwill impairment loss with no income tax benefit was recorded to reduce the carrying amount of the sale,former International reporting unit to fair value. During the first quarter of 2020, we determined there was an interim goodwill impairment triggering event caused by COVID-19 and as a result, we estimated the fair value of each of our former reporting units using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows. Based principally on lower forecasted revenue and operating profits caused by lower demand for our commercial gaming products, we recorded a $296 million non-cash impairment loss with no income tax benefit, of which $193 million and $103 million was recorded within our former International and North America Gaming and Interactive segment experienced significantly lower service revenue and operating income from social gaming inreporting units, respectively, to reduce the second halfcarrying amount of 2017 and for the year ended December 31, 2018. Forreporting units to fair value. During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, Social gaming service revenue includes only social gaming revenue earned from DoubleDown. The North America Gaming and Interactive segment continuesfourth quarter of 2021, the Company performed a qualitative assessment, commonly referred to earn revenue from social gaming which is included in Other services within service revenue and Systems and other within product revenue.as “Step 0”, to determine whether it was more likely than not that the fair value of our reporting units was less than their respective carrying values. As a result of this analysis, the Company did not identify any events or circumstances that would indicate that it was more likely than not that the fair value of any of our reporting units was less than their respective carrying amounts.


Effects of Foreign Exchange Rates: The Company is affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates (i) through translation of foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars for consolidation, which is referred to as the translation impact, and to a lesser extent (ii) through transactions by subsidiaries in currencies other than their own functional currencies, which is referred to as the transaction impact. Translation impacts arise in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements; in particular, the consolidated financial statements are prepared in U.S. dollars while the financial statements of each of the Company'sCompany’s subsidiaries are generally prepared in the functional currency of that subsidiary. In preparing consolidated financial statements, assets and liabilities measured in the functional currency of the subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date, while income and expenses are translated using the average exchange rates for the period covered. Accordingly, fluctuations in the exchange rate of the functional currencies of the Company'sCompany’s subsidiaries against the U.S. dollar impacts the Company'sCompany’s results of operations. The Company is particularly exposed to movements in the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate. Although the fluctuations in foreign exchange rates hashave had a significant impact on the Company's Company’s
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revenues, net income, and net debt, the impact on operating income and cash flows is less significant in thatas revenues are mostlytypically matched byto costs denominated in the same currency.


Jackpots and Late Numbers:The Company believes thatGiven the impact of foreign exchange rates on our consolidated results, certain key performance indicators (such as same store sales) are reported on a constant-currency basis in order to facilitate period-to-period comparisons of lottery products is influenced by the size of available jackpots in jurisdictions that offer such jackpots. In general, when jackpots increase, sales of lottery tickets also increase, further increasing the jackpot. The Company also believes that consumers in Italy monitor “late numbers” (numbers that have not been drawn for more than 100 draws) and when there is a good pipeline of late numbers, wagers in Italy increase. Under both circumstances, the Company's service revenues are positively impacted.
Product Sales: The Company's product sales fluctuate from year to year dueour results without regard to the mix, volume and timingimpact of fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. We calculate constant-currency amounts by applying the product sales transactions. In general, product sales are dependent onprior-year/period exchange rates (i.e., the timing of replacement lottery and gaming machines. Product sales amounted to $784.9 million, $802.4 million and $778.3 million, or approximately 16.2%, 16.2% and 15.1% of total revenues, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Restructuring Costs: The Company has undertaken various restructuring plans, principally related to the April 2015 acquisition of IGT to eliminate redundant costs and achieve synergies across the business. The Company recorded restructuring costs associated with these plans of $14.8 million, $39.9 million and $27.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Research and Development Activities: The Company devotes substantial resources on research and development and incurred $263.3 million, $313.1 million and $343.5 million of related expenses for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As anticipated, investmentsexchange rates used in research and development increased following the April 2015 acquisition of IGT and decreased in 2017 and 2018 as a result of integration and optimization efforts.

The Wire Act: On January 14, 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice, (the “DOJ”) published an opinion reversing its previously-issued opinion that the Wire Act was applicable only to sports betting (the “2019 Opinion”). The 2019 Opinion interprets the Wire Act as applying to other forms of gambling that cross state lines, though the precise scope of the 2019 Opinion is unclear, and the DOJ has not yet addressed how it plans to enforce the Wire Act in light of the 2019 Opinion. Further, the New Hampshire Lottery Commission and certain private parties have commenced litigation in federal district court in New Hampshire challenging the 2019 Opinion, and it is unclear how the court will rule. The Company’s management is currently evaluating the 2019 Opinion and the related pending litigation and their implications to the Company, its customers, and the industries in which the Company operates.

Critical Accounting Estimates
The Company's consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP which require the use of estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and the amounts of income and expenses recognized. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on information available at the date thatpreparing the financial statements are prepared, on historical experience, judgments and assumptions considered to be reasonable and realistic.
The Company periodically and continuously reviews the estimates and assumptions. Actual results for those areas requiring management judgment or estimates may differ from those recorded in the consolidated financial statements due to the occurrence of events and the uncertainties which characterize the assumptions and conditions on which the estimates are based.
The areas that require greater subjectivity of management in making estimates and judgments and where a change in such underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements are fully described in "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in "Item 18. Financial Statements". Certain critical accounting estimates are discussed below.
Revenue Recognition
As described in "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in "Item 18. Financial Statements", the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers(Topic 606) ("ASC 606") in the first quarter of 2018 using a modified retrospective application approach which was applied to customer contracts, in their modified state, that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Under ASC 606, more judgment and estimates are required within the revenue recognition process than required under prior GAAP, including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price, and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The Company's revenue recognition policy, which requires significant judgments and estimates, is fully described in "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in "Item 18. Financial Statements", except for practical expedients and exemptions used which are discussed below.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company reports revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions.

The Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statements of operations. For certain of the Company's long-term contracts, it capitalizes and amortizes incremental costs of obtaining a contract (e.g., sales commissions) on a straight-line basis over the expected customer relationship period if it expects to recover those costs.

The Company does not account for significant financing components if the period between when it transfers the promised service or product to the customer and when the customer pays for that service or product will be one year or less.

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which it recognizes revenue at the amount that it has the right to invoice for services performed.

Goodwill, Intangible Assets and Long-Lived Assets

The process of evaluating potential impairments related to goodwill, intangible assets other than goodwill and long-lived assets requires the application of significant judgment. If an event occurs that would cause revisions to the estimates and assumptions used in analyzing the fair value of goodwill, intangible assets other than goodwill and long-lived assets, the revision could result in a non-cash impairment loss that could have a material impact on financial results.

Historically, goodwill and indefinite lived assets have been tested for impairment annually on November 1, or on an interim basis if facts or circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. In 2018, the Company changed its impairment valuation testing date from November 1 to December 31. The Company changed the valuation date to better align with the timing and completion of the Company’s forecasting process. The change did not delay, accelerate, or avoid an impairment charge. The change has been applied prospectively which resulted in the Company performing two impairment tests during the fourth quarter of 2018 (November 1 and December 31).

Goodwill

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment using either a qualitative assessment or a quantitative one-step process (following the Company's adoption of ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment on January 1, 2017).

Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is one level below or the same level as an operating segment. The Company has four reporting units (which are equivalent to its segments) at December 31, 2018 as follows:

North America Gaming and Interactive
North America Lottery
International
Italy

The Company's goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

In performing the goodwill impairment test, the Company estimates the fair value of the reporting units using an income approach that analyzes projected discounted cash flows. The procedures the Company follows include, but are not limited to, the following:

Analysis of the conditions in, and the economic outlook for, the reporting units;
Analysis of general market data, including economic, governmental, and environmental factors;
Review of the history, current state, and future operations of the reporting units;
Analysis of financial and operating projections based on historical operating results, industry results and expectations;
Analysis of financial, transactional and trading data for companies engaged in similar lines of business to develop appropriate valuation multiples and operating comparisons; and

Calculation of the Company's market capitalization, total invested capital, the implied market participant acquisition premium, and supporting qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Under the income approach, fair value of the reporting units is determined based on the present value of each unit's estimated future cash flows, discounted at an appropriate risk-adjusted rate. The Company uses internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows and estimates long-term future growth rates based on internal projections of the long-term outlook for each reporting unit. Actual results may differ from those assumed in forecasts. The discount rates are based on a weighted average cost of capital analysis computed by calculating the after-tax cost of debt and the cost of equity and then weighted based on the concluded capital structure of the respective reporting unit. The Company uses discount rates that are commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in each reporting unit and in internally developed forecasts. Discount rates used in the reporting unit valuations ranged from 7.40% to 10.15%.

Estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the Company's management to use its judgment in making estimates and making forecasts that are based on a number of factors including future cash flows, growth rates, market comparables, perpetual growth rates, weighted average cost of capital, and actual operating results. As with all forecasts, it is possible that the judgments and estimates described above may change in future periods.

Annual Tests

The Company performed quantitative assessments on all four reporting units.

The quantitative assessments for the North America Lottery and Italy reporting units did not result in an impairment. The carrying amount for the North America Lottery and Italy reporting units substantially exceeded their carrying amounts, which the Company believes to be 20% or more.

The Company determined that there was an impairment in the International reporting unit’s goodwill due to the results of 2018 being lower than forecasted along with a higher weighted average cost of capital. A $118.0 million non-cash goodwill impairment loss with no income tax benefit was recorded to reduce the carrying amount of the International reporting unit to fair value. The goodwill remaining in the International reporting unit after the impairment was $1.423 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018. The impairment loss had no impact on the Company’s cash flows, ability to service debt, compliance with financial covenants, or underlying liquidity. The Company's fundamental outlook for the International reporting unit has not changed, and expectations for growth remain similar to the prior year with the International reporting unit growing from a lower base.

In calculating the fair value of the International reporting unit using the income approach, the following estimates and assumptions were also used in the discounted cash flow analysis:

A normalized growth rate of 3.00% based on the estimated sustainable long-term growth rate for the reporting unit;
A normalized operating EBITDA margin percentage was estimated based on a review of average margins within the projection period;
Normalized capital expenditure requirements were estimated based on a review of historical and projected capital expenditures and typical replacement cycles; and
A discount rate of 10.15% based on the weighted average cost of capital.

As a result of the impairment tests performed in the fourth quarter of 2018, the North America Gaming and Interactive reporting unit had fair value exceeding carrying value of $127.0 million or 4.4%. The key assumptions used in the determination of the North America Gaming and Interactive reporting unit’s fair value are as follows:

A normalized growth rate of 2.50% based on the estimated sustainable long-term growth rate for the reporting unit;
A normalized operating EBITDA margin percentage was estimated based on a review of average margins within the projection period;
Normalized capital expenditure requirements were estimated based on a review of historical and projected capital expenditures and typical replacement cycles; and
A discount rate of 8.50% based on the weighted average cost of capital.

Goodwill for the North America Gaming and Interactive reporting unit was $1.440 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018.

A $714.0 million goodwill impairment loss was recorded in 2017 in the North America Gaming and Interactive reporting unit as the long-term strategy of improving content and game performance to stabilize and then grow market share was taking longer than expected. The Company expects improved results for the North America Gaming and Interactive reporting unit as the Company

brings new games and hardware to the market and the Company's expectation for long-term growth remains similar, but the North American Gaming and Interactive reporting unit will be growing from a lower base. There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded in 2016.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets

The Company first performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying amount and whether the quantitative analysis is necessary. The quantitative analysis compares the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets to their carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. The annual tests performed in 2018 and 2017 did not result in impairment losses. The annual test performed for 2016 resulted in an impairment loss of $30.0 million in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment for certain indefinite-lived trademarks relating to the forecasted slowing of growth in the social gaming market.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets, including definite-lived intangible assets and other assets, are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. Events or changes in circumstances that could result in an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets or the overall business strategy and significant negative industry or economic trends. An impairment is recognized when the asset is not recoverable and the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value as calculated on an undiscounted cash flow basis. The Company recorded impairment losses related to long-lived assets of $2.4 million, $1.2 million and $7.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Legal and Other Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is party to legal, regulatory or administrative proceedings regarding, among other matters, claims by and against the Company, injunctions by third parties arising out of the ordinary course of business and investigations and compliance inquiries related to ongoing operations. The outcome of these proceedings and similar future proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. It is difficult to accurately estimate the outcome of any proceeding. As such, the amounts of the provision for litigation risk, which has been accrued on the basis of assessments made by external counsel, could vary significantly from the amounts which the Company would ultimately be obligated to pay or agree to pay to settle any such proceeding. In addition, unfavorable resolution of or significant delay in adjudicating such proceedings could require the Company to pay substantial monetary damages or penalties and/or incur costs which may exceed any provision for litigation risks or, under certain circumstances, cause the termination or revocation of the relevant license or authorization, and thereby have a material adverse effect on the consolidated results of operations, business, financial condition or prospects.

Income Taxes
The Company records a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of its reported operating results. The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to the taxable income in effect for the years in which those assets and liabilities are expected to be realized and settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.
The Company recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based upon the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Management believes it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, will be sufficient to fully recover the deferred tax assets not otherwise subject to a valuation allowance. In the event that the Company determines all or part of the deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, the Company will record an adjustment to the valuation allowance that would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of GAAP and complex tax laws.


On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act") was enacted. The Tax Act included significant and comprehensive changes to existing tax laws, including a permanent reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate. The SEC issued guidance under SAB 118 that allowed companies to record provisional amounts for the impacts of U.S. tax reform for up to one year from the date of enactment for provisions of the Tax Act where companies did not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company completed its analysis to determine the effect of the Tax Act and recorded immaterial adjustments as of December 31, 2018. While SAB 118 no longer applies, the legislation is unclear in many respects and will require clarification and interpretation by the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS in the form of amendments, technical corrections, regulations, or other forms of guidance, any of which could either lessen or increase the effect of the legislation on the Company or its shareholders. The outcome of this legislation on state and local tax authorities, and the response by such authorities, is also unclear. The Company continues to monitor changes made to the federal tax law and its potential effect on the Company.

Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses for the estimated probable losses on uncollectible trade and customer financing receivables. The allowance is estimated based upon the credit-worthiness of its customers, historical experience and aging analysis, as well as current market and economic conditions. Receivables are written off against these allowances in the period they are determined to be uncollectible.
The Company determines its allowances for credit losses on customer financing receivables based on two classes: contracts and notes. Contracts include extended payment terms granted to qualifying customers for periods from one to six years and are typically secured by the related products sold. Notes consist of development financing loans granted to select customers to assist in the funding of new or expanding gaming facilities, generally under terms of one to seven years, and are secured by the developed property and/or other customer assets. Customer financing interest income is recognized based on market rates prevailing at issuance.

Consolidated Results
The discussion below includes information calculated at constant currency. The Company calculates constant currency by applying the prior-year exchange ratesyear) to current financial data expressed in local currency in order to eliminate the impactcurrency.

35

Table of foreign exchange rate fluctuations originating from translating the income statementContents
Results of the Company's foreign entities into U.S. dollars. These constant currency measures are non-GAAP measures. Although the Company does not believe that these measures are a substitute for GAAP measures, it does believe that such results excluding the impact of currency fluctuations period-on-period provide additional useful information to investors regarding operating performance on a local currency basis.Operations



Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172021 and 20162020
 For the year ended
 December 31, 2021December 31, 2020Change
($ in millions)$% of
Revenue
$% of
Revenue
$%
Service revenue by segment
Global Lottery2,690 66 2,043 66 647 32 
Global Gaming630 15 483 16 147 30 
Digital & Betting163 114 50 44 
Total service revenue3,483 85 2,640 85 844 32 
Product sales by segment
Global Lottery123 121 
Global Gaming482 12 354 11 128 36 
Digital & Betting— — 55 
Total product sales606 15 476 15 130 27 
Total revenue4,089 100 3,115 100 974 31 
Operating expenses
Cost of services1,754 43 1,634 52 120 
Cost of product sales377 346 11 31 
Selling, general and administrative810 20 707 23 103 15 
Research and development238 191 48 25 
Restructuring— 45 (39)(87)
Goodwill impairment— — 296 10 (296)(100)
Other operating expense, net— — (3)(66)
Total operating expenses3,187 78 3,223 103 (36)(1)
Operating income (loss)902 22 (107)(3)1,009 > 200.0
Interest expense, net341 398 13 (57)(14)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net(66)(2)309 10 (375)(121)
Other expense, net98 33 64 193 
Total non-operating expenses373 740 24 (367)(50)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes529 13 (848)(27)1,376 162 
Provision for income taxes274 28 246 > 200.0
Income (loss) from continuing operations255 (875)(28)1,130 129 
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax24 37 (13)(34)
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax391 10 — — 391 — 
Income from discontinued operations415 10 37 378 > 200.0
Net income (loss)670 16 (839)(27)1,508 180 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests from continuing operations190 64 126 197 
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations(2)— (5)— 57 
Net income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC482 12 (898)(29)1,379 154 

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Table of Contents
  For the year ended
  December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016
($ thousands) $ 
% of
Revenue
 $ 
% of
Revenue
 $ % of
Revenue
Service revenue 4,046,314
 83.8
 4,136,556
 83.8
 4,375,586
 84.9
Product sales 784,942
 16.2
 802,403
 16.2
 778,310
 15.1
Total revenue 4,831,256
 100.0
 4,938,959
 100.0
 5,153,896
 100.0
             
Cost of services 2,450,658
 50.7
 2,553,083
 51.7
 2,553,479
 49.5
Cost of product sales 491,030
 10.2
 579,431
 11.7
 582,358
 11.3
Selling, general and administrative 844,059
 17.5
 816,093
 16.5
 945,824
 18.4
Research and development 263,279
 5.4
 313,088
 6.3
 343,531
 6.7
Restructuring expense 14,781
 0.3
 39,876
 0.8
 27,934
 0.5
Impairment loss 120,407
 2.5
 715,220
 14.5
 37,744
 0.7
Transaction expense (income), net 51
 
 (26,740) (0.5) 2,590
 0.1
Total operating expenses 4,184,265
 86.6
 4,990,051
 101.0
 4,493,460
 87.2
             
Operating income (loss) 646,991
 13.4
 (51,092) (1.0) 660,436
 12.8
             
Interest income 14,231
 0.3
 10,436
 0.2
 12,840
 0.2
Interest expense (431,618) (8.9) (458,899) (9.3) (469,268) (9.1)
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net 129,051
 2.7
 (443,977) (9.0) 101,040
 2.0
Other (expense) income, net (54,607) (1.1) (33,393) (0.7) 18,365
 0.4
Total non-operating expenses (342,943) (7.1) (925,833) (18.7) (337,023) (6.5)
             
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes 304,048
 6.3
 (976,925) (19.8) 323,413
 6.3
             
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 189,401
 3.9
 (29,414) (0.6) 59,206
 1.1
             
Net income (loss) 114,647
 2.4
 (947,511) (19.2) 264,207
 5.1
             
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 115,671
 2.4
 55,400
 1.1
 45,413
 0.9
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests 20,326
 0.4
 65,665
 1.3
 7,457
 0.1
Net (loss) income attributable to IGT PLC (21,350) (0.4) (1,068,576) (21.6) 211,337
 4.1
Revenue


Service revenue
  For the year ended December 31, $ Change
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
        $ % $ %
North America Gaming and Interactive 624,476
 780,633
 975,206
 (156,157) (20.0) (194,573) (20.0)
North America Lottery 1,111,069
 1,093,048
 1,128,306
 18,021
 1.6
 (35,258) (3.1)
International 495,497
 557,049
 512,668
 (61,552) (11.0) 44,381
 8.7
Italy 1,814,549
 1,703,901
 1,759,843
 110,648
 6.5
 (55,942) (3.2)
 Operating Segments
 4,045,591
 4,134,631
 4,376,023
 (89,040) (2.2) (241,392) (5.5)
Corporate support 
 1,203
 
 (1,203) (100.0) 1,203
 -
Purchase accounting 723
 722
 (437) 1
 0.1
 1,159
 > 200.0
  4,046,314
 4,136,556
 4,375,586
 (90,242) (2.2) (239,030) (5.5)
The following table sets forth constant currency changes in service revenue:
  Constant Currency Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) $ % $ %
North America Gaming and Interactive (155,998) (20.0) (194,458) (19.9)
North America Lottery 18,314
 1.7
 (35,865) (3.2)
International (60,249) (10.8) 47,386
 9.2
Italy 46,111
 2.7
 (108,838) (6.2)
Operating Segments (151,822) (3.7) (291,775) (6.7)
Corporate support 
 
 1,203
 
Purchase accounting 
 
 1,159
 >200.0
  (151,822) (3.7) (289,413) (6.6)

North America Gaming and Interactive

The following table sets forth changes in service revenue in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment:
  Service Revenue Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) Constant
Currency
  $ Change Constant
Currency
 $ Change
Social gaming (111,267) (111,267) (167,016) (167,581)
Machine gaming (67,577) (67,742) (37,321) (36,897)
Other services 22,846
 22,852
 9,879
 9,905
  (155,998) (156,157) (194,458) (194,573)

The principal drivers of the $156.0 million constant currency decrease in serviceTotal revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared2021 increased $974 million, or 31%, to $4.1 billion from $3.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:

A decrease of $111.3prior corresponding period. Total service revenue increased $844 million in Social gaming, principally associated with the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown;
A decrease of $67.6 million in Machine gaming, primarily driven bydue to Global Lottery experiencing a $58.4 million reclassification of jackpot expense from cost of services upon adoption of ASC 606 and a decrease in the average yield from overall machine mix, partially offset by a 1.3%20.1% increase in the casino installed base (23,108 machines installed at December 31, 2018 compared to 22,807 machines installed at December 31, 2017);same-store sales, principally in Italy and
An North America, as well as an 11% increase of $22.8 million in Otherour commercial services principally due to:
An increase of $11.7 million in poker revenue,offering primarily due to a large, multi-year poker contract; and
An increase of $10.1 million in interactive, principally due to a content licensing and support agreement entered into in June 2017.

The principal drivers of the $194.5 million constant currency decrease in Italy. Global Gaming service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:
A decrease of $167.0 million in Social gaming associated with a decrease in service revenue of $149.2 million related to the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown, along with a decrease in service revenue from a lower volume of chips wagered; and

A decrease of $37.3 million in Machine gaming, principally associated with a 6.8% decrease in the casino installed base (24,472 machines installed at December 31, 2016 compared to 22,807 machines installed at December 31, 2017) and a decrease in the average yield.

North America Lottery

The following table sets forth changes in service revenue in the North America Lottery segment:
  Service Revenue Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) Constant
Currency
  $ Change Constant
Currency
 $ Change
Operating and Facilities Management Contracts 42,654
 42,657
 (22,116) (22,103)
Lottery Management Agreements (27,988) (27,988) (16,958) (16,958)
Machine gaming 182
 182
 (374) (375)
Other services 3,466
 3,170
 3,583
 4,178
  18,314
 18,021
 (35,865) (35,258)

The principal drivers of the $18.3 million constant currency increase in service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:

An increase of $42.7 million in Operating and Facilities Management Contracts, primarily related to strong same store revenue (revenue from existing customers as opposed to new customers) growth of 8.9%,increased 30% primarily due to an increase of 34.0% in multi-state jackpot activity and an increase of 5.0% in instant tickets and draw-based games, partially offset by a lower effective rate due to certain recent contract extensions; and
A decrease of $28.0 million in Lottery Management Agreements ("LMA"),total yields from total installed base units, principally due to a $39.1 million decrease in pass-through service revenue related to reimbursable expenses due to the end of the Illinois LMA contract; partially offset by an $11.1 million increase in the level of LMA incentives achieved in the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.
The principal drivers of the $35.9 million constant currency decrease in service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:
A decrease in Operating and Facilities Management Contracts of $22.1 million, principally driven by lower service revenue related to the record multi-state jackpot activity in 2016, partially offset by an increase in same store revenue of 5.1% from an increase in instant tickets and other draw-based games; and
A decrease in Lottery Management Agreements of $17.0 million in 2017, primarily related to a decrease in pass-through service revenue related to reimbursable expenses, and a $1.7 million decrease in incentives from the New Jersey LMA contract.

International

The following table sets forth changes in service revenue in the International segment:
  Service Revenue Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) Constant
Currency
  $ Change Constant
Currency
 $ Change
Operating and Facilities Management Contracts (6,952) (4,732) 23,615
 18,535
Machine gaming 5,898
 2,177
 830
 670
Other services (59,195) (58,997) 22,941
 25,176
  (60,249) (61,552) 47,386
 44,381

The principal drivers of the $60.2 million constant currency decrease in service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:

A decrease of $59.2 million in Other services, principally due to:
A decrease of $19.1 million in software revenue, primarily related to Europe, partially due to a $9.7 million decrease as a result of licenses being identified as distinct performance obligations and recognized in product sales in the current year in connection with ASC 606;
A decrease of $14.8 million in Interactive Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer activities, primarily due to the release of a prior year jackpot liability and the exit from certain low-margin contracts:
A decrease of $12.9 million in megajackpot revenue, primarily related to the $8.4 million reclassification of jackpot expense from cost of services upon adoption of ASC 606; and
A decrease of $10.7 million from a customer in Europe, principally related to the achievement of certain contractual milestones that did not recur in the current year.

The principal drivers of the $47.4 million constant currency increase in service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:
An increase of $23.6 million in Operating and Facilities Management Contracts driven by a $23.0 million increase in service revenue from a customer in Europe principally related to the achievement of certain contractual milestones; and

An increase of $22.9 million in Other services, principally associated with:

An increase of $13.0 million from VLT software service revenue from a customer in Europe, principally related to the achievement of certain contractual milestones;
An increase of $6.3 million in Interactive Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer activities, primarily related to the release of a jackpot liability during the year ended December 31, 2017, partially offset by the exit from certain low margin contracts; and
An increase of $4.3 million from the launch of the Greece VLT program.

Italy

The following table sets forth constant currency changes in service revenue in the Italy segment:
  Service Revenue Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) Constant
Currency
  $ Change Constant
Currency
  $ Change
Operating and Facilities Management Contracts 43,059
 71,667
 (140,831) (118,793)
Machine gaming (3,372) 19,652
 6,878
 26,177
Other services 6,424
 19,329
 25,115
 36,674
  46,111
 110,648
 (108,838) (55,942)

The constant currency movements in service revenue for each of the core activities within the Italy segment are discussed below.


Operating and Facilities Management Contracts

The following table sets forth constant currency changes in Operating and Facilities Management Contracts:
  Constant Currency Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) $ % $ %
Lotto 37,868
 9.1 (145,334) (26.4)
Instant tickets 5,191
 1.7 4,503
 1.6
  43,059
 6.0 (140,831) (16.8)

Lotto

At constant currency, Lotto revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased by $37.9 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to an increase of 11.0% in 10eLotto wagers as a result of an additional game option, Doppio Numero Oro, which launched in October 2017.

At constant currency, Lottomore installed base units becoming available to players as COVID-19 induced social distancing restrictions were lifted. Digital & Betting service revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by $145.3 million comparedincreased 44% and was primarily attributable to expansion into new markets and increases to the year ended December 31, 2016,customer base in existing markets. Total product sales increases of $130 million were primarily attributable to a higher number of machines units sold in our Global Gaming segment, principally due to €85.6 million ($94.4 million)casino operators returning to more moderate levels of service revenue amortization associated with the €770.0 million upfront paymentinvestments. See “Segment Revenues and Key Performance Indicators” section below for further discussion related to the new lotto license in 2016, a reduction in the fee earned (which is a fixed percentageprincipal drivers of wagers under the new concession) and a decrease in wagers for late numbers (onethese changes.

Operating expenses

Cost of the 90 numbers of the Lotto game in Italy that has not been drawn for 100 drawings), partially offset by a 9.4% increase in 10eLotto wagers.

Wagers for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

  For the year ended December 31, € Change
(€ millions) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
         %  %
10eLotto wagers 5,728
 5,160
 4,716
 568
 11.0
 444
 9.4
Core wagers 1,877
 2,011
 2,227
 (134) (6.7) (216) (9.7)
Wagers for late numbers 227
 310
 1,150
 (83) (26.8) (840) (73.0)
Million day 185
 
 
 185
 
 
 
  8,017
 7,481
 8,093
 536
 7.2
 (612) (7.6)

Instant tickets
At constant currency, Instant tickets revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 increased by $5.2 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, principally driven by a 1.6% increase in instant ticket wagers assisted by a 1.8% increase in the average price point (the average value of the ticket sold), as a result of the July 2017 relaunch of Miliardario.

At constant currency, Instant tickets revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by $4.5 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, principally due to a 3.1% increase in the number of tickets sold, which was partially offset by a 1.6% decrease in the average price point (the average value of the ticket sold).

Total wagers for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
  For the year ended December 31, € Change
(€ millions) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
         %  %
Total wagers 9,207
 9,065
 8,935
 142
 1.6 130
 1.5


Machine gaming
At constant currency, Machine gaming for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased by $3.4 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily driven by a decrease in total machines installed due to a regulator-mandated reduction in AWP machines and an increase in gaming machinetaxes related to the Prelievo Unico Erariale ("PREU") increase in April 2017 and September 2018 (PREU AWP increased on annual basis from 18.52% to 19.09% and PREU VLT increased on annual basis from 5.84% to 6.09%), partially offset by an increase of 0.7% on wagers driven by VLT.

At constant currency, Machine gaming for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by $6.9 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. Increased vertical integration in 2017 drove increased service revenues, which were partially offset by the 1.6% decrease in total machine gaming wagers and an increase in gaming machine taxes that went into effect at the end of April 2017. 

Total wagers for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
  For the year ended December 31, € Change
  2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
(€ millions)        %  %
VLT wagers 5,838
 5,543
 5,460
 295
 5.3
 83
 1.5
AWP wagers 3,717
 3,949
 4,188
 (232) (5.9) (239) (5.7)
Total wagers 9,555
 9,492
 9,648
 63
 0.7
 (156) (1.6)
Total wagers and machines installed correspond to the management of VLTs and AWPs under the Company's licenses.
Other services


At constant currency, OtherCost of services for the year ended December 31, 20182021 increased $120 million, or 7%, to $1.8 billion from $1.6 billion for the prior corresponding period. The primary contributor was related to $55 million of increases across the business in payroll, benefits and variable compensation, of which $35 million and $18 million was attributable to our Global Lottery and Global Gaming segments, respectively. The increase in variable compensation was related to the reinstatement of the Company’s incentive compensation plans that were temporarily suspended in 2020 due to uncertainties associated with COVID-19, discretionary bonuses that were paid during the fourth quarter of 2021 to current employees who worked for the Company at June 30, 2020 and who were not covered by existing incentive compensation plans, and stock-based compensation expense for awards granted in 2020. In addition, our Global Lottery segment had increases of $31 million in point of sale (“POS”) consumables, $29 million in POS fees, $19 million in freight, $12 million in marketing and advertising, and $8 million in non-deductible value-added tax (“VAT”). These increases were partially offset by a $15 million reduction in depreciation. Cost of services in our Digital & Betting segment increased by $6.4$8 million, comparedprincipally attributable to the year ended December 31, 2017, primarilya $4 million increase in royalties, and our Global Gaming segment experienced a $15 million reduction in depreciation.

As a percentage of service revenue, cost of services decreased by approximately 1200 basis points driven by an 8.3% increaseapproximate 1900 basis point decrease in interactive game wagers (€1,890.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to €1,745 million for the year ended December 31, 2017), a 3.0% increase in sports betting wagers (€988.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to €959.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017)our Global Gaming segment resulting from disciplined cost management, benefits from costs savings initiatives, and a slightly lower combined payout in sports betting (82.4% for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 82.7% for the year ended December 31, 2017).increased operating leverage. Global Lottery had an approximate 900 basis point decrease driven by higher sales and increased operating leverage. Digital & Betting had an approximate 800 basis point decrease driven by higher revenues and increased operating leverage.


At constant currency, Other services for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased by $25.1 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, driven primarily by a 5.2% increase in interactive game wagers (€1,745.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to €1,659.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016), a 12.2% increase in sports betting wagers (€959.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to €855.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016) and a lower combined payout in sports betting (82.7% for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 84.0% to the year ended December 31, 2016).

ProductCost of product sales

  For the year ended December 31,  $ Change
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
        $ % $ %
North America Gaming and Interactive 378,693
 377,065
 398,248
 1,628
 0.4
 (21,183) (5.3)
North America Lottery 80,833
 92,174
 65,269
 (11,341) (12.3) 26,905
 41.2
International 324,486
 332,015
 314,637
 (7,529) (2.3) 17,378
 5.5
Italy 930
 1,149
 1,295
 (219) (19.1) (146) (11.3)
 Operating Segments
 784,942
 802,403
 779,449
 (17,461) (2.2) 22,954
 2.9
Purchase accounting 
 
 (1,139) 
 -
 1,139
 100.0
  784,942
 802,403
 778,310
 (17,461) (2.2) 24,093
 3.1


The following table sets forth constant currency changes in product sales:
  Constant Currency Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) $ % $ %
North America Gaming and Interactive 3,830
 1.0
 (21,958) (5.5)
North America Lottery (11,417) (12.4) 26,075
 40.0
International (4,467) (1.3) 11,198
 3.6
Italy (239) (20.8) (154) (11.9)
Operating Segments (12,293) (1.5) 15,161
 1.9
Purchase accounting 
 
 1,139
 (100.0)
  (12,293) (1.5) 16,300
 2.1

North America Gaming and Interactive
The following table sets forth changes in product sales in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment:
  Product Sales Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) Constant
Currency
  $ Change Constant
Currency
 $ Change
Gaming machines 19,823
 17,864
 (5,879) (5,596)
Systems and other (15,993) (16,236) (16,079) (15,587)
  3,830
 1,628
 (21,958) (21,183)

The principal driversCost of the $3.8 million constant currency increase in product sales for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared2021 increased $31 million, or 9%, to $377 million from $346 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily the result of a $128 million increase in product sales partially offset by a $33 million decrease in inventory obsolescence reserves, within our Global Gaming segment.


An increaseAs a percentage of $19.8 million in Gaming machines, primarily related to 715 more machines sold during the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017,product revenue, cost of product sales declined by approximately 1000 basis points driven primarily by replacement sales, along with an increaseapproximate 1600 basis point decrease in the average selling priceour Global Gaming segment, principally as a result of a decrease in inventory obsolescence reserves and favorable product mix.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared2021 increased $103 million, or 15%, to $810 million from $707 million for the prior corresponding period. This was primarily attributable to a $98 million increase (of which $34 million is non-cash equity-based compensation) in variable compensation across the business, of which $51 million, $26 million, $19 million, and $2 million, was attributable to Corporate and Other, Global Gaming, Global Lottery, and Digital & Betting, respectively. The increase in variable compensation was related to the year ended December 31, 2017;reinstatement of incentive compensation plans that were temporarily suspended in 2020 due to uncertainties associated with COVID-19, discretionary bonuses that were paid during the fourth quarter of 2021 to current employees who worked for the Company at June 30, 2020 and
A decrease who were not covered by existing incentive compensation plans, and stock-based compensation expense related to awards granted in 2020. In addition, the Company experienced a $16 million increase in outside services and decreases of $16.0$13 million and $5 million in Systemsbad debt expense and other, principally associated with:
A decrease of $16.3 million in software sales, primarily related to sales in Oregon that did not recur in the current year;
A decrease of $13.2 million in intellectual property revenue due to the timing of recognition of multi-year licenses upon adoption of ASC 606. Under ASC 606, the Company now recognizes revenue upon transfer of the multi-year license to the customer rather than as payments become due throughout the contract period; and
An increase of $15.3 million in casino systems.
lease expense, respectively.
The principal drivers
37

Table of the $22.0 million constant currency decrease in product salesContents
Research and development

Research and development for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared2021 increased $48 million, or 25%, to $238 million from $191 million for the prior corresponding period. This was primarily attributable to a $29 million increase in variable compensation related to the year ended December 31, 2016reinstatement of incentive compensation plans that were as follows:

A decrease of $5.9 millioncancelled in Gaming machines, principally associated with 1,665 fewer machines sold2020 and discretionary bonuses that were paid during the year ended December 31, 2017 comparedfourth quarter of 2021 to current employees who worked for the year ended December 31, 2016;Company at June 30, 2020 and

A decrease who were not covered by existing incentive compensation plans in Global Gaming, Global Lottery, and Digital & Betting of $16.1$16 million, in Systems$9 million, and other driven by significant system related and intellectual property sales that did not recur in 2017.


North America Lottery

The following sets forth changes in product sales in the North America Lottery segment:

  Product Sales Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) Constant
Currency
  $ Change Constant
Currency
 $ Change
Lottery machines 663
 739
 13,955
 14,553
Systems and other (12,080) (12,080) 12,120
 12,352
  (11,417) (11,341) 26,075
 26,905

The principal drivers$4 million, respectively. Additionally, as anticipated as part of the $11.42020 restructuring plan consolidating our global technology organization, Global Gaming experienced a $9 million constant currency decreaseincrease in product salesoutside services related to casino systems development and the continued growth in Digital & Betting resulted in a $5 million increase in employee payroll and benefits.

Restructuring

Restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared2021 decreased $39 million, or 87%, to $6 million from $45 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:

An increase of $0.7 million in Lottery machines, principallyprior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily due to lottery point-of-sale machinesmanagement initiating restructuring plans in 2020 to achieve long-term structural cost savings by simplifying our organizational structure, optimizing our global supply chain, and hardware sales in Massachusetts, offset primarily by lottery machine sales in Canada that did not recur in the current year and a decrease of $14.5 million upon adoption of ASC 606 related to lottery machine sales in California. Under ASC 606, it was determined that control of the lottery machines sold to California had transferred to the customer prior to the adoption of ASC 606 resulting in an adjustment to retained earnings; andconsolidating our global technology organization.
A decrease of $12.1 million in Systems and other driven by gaming system and related hardware sales in Canada and Oregon in 2017 that did not recur in the current year.
Goodwill impairment
The principal drivers of the $26.1 million constant currency increase in product sales
There were no goodwill impairments for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:
An increase in Lottery machines of $14.02021. Goodwill impairment was $296 million driven primarily by machine sales in Canada and instant ticket printing sales; and
An increase in Systems and other of $12.1 million driven by gaming system and related hardware sales in Canada and Oregon.

International

The following sets forth changes in product sales in the International segment:
  Product Sales Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) Constant
Currency
  $ Change Constant
Currency
 $ Change
Lottery machines (14,941) (14,846) 14,703
 15,686
Gaming machines (4,641) (6,420) (3,211) 553
Systems and other 15,115
 13,737
 (294) 1,139
  (4,467) (7,529) 11,198
 17,378
The principal drivers of the $4.5 million constant currency decrease in product sales for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to2020. During the year ended December 31, 2017 were as follows:

A decreasefirst quarter of $14.9 million in Lottery machines, primarily related to a $6.7 million sale in Europe and a $4.9 million sale in Latin America that did not recur in2020, we determined there was an interim goodwill triggering event caused by COVID-19. Based principally on management’s financial projections, which included the current year;
A decreaseestimated impact of $4.6 million in Gaming machines, principally due to decreased machine sales in Europe of $25.5COVID-19, we recorded $193 million and Latin$103 million non-cash impairment losses within the former International and North America Gaming and Interactive reporting units, respectively, to reduce the carrying amount of $8.1 million, partially offset by increased machines sales in Africa of $15.7 million and the Asia Pacific region of $13.3 million; andthese reporting units to fair value.
An increase of $15.1 million in Systems and other, primarily due to:

A decrease of $8.7 million in gaming system sales, primarily driven by a decrease of $17.3 million related to a VLT system sale in Europe in 2017 and reduced gaming system sales in Latin America, partially offset by increased gaming system sales of $8.5 million in the Asia Pacific region;
An increase of $6.2 million in software sales, principally driven by increased sales of $10.0 million in Africa, partially offset by lower sales of $3.0 million in the Asia Pacific region;
An increase of $38.4 million in other product sales, principally driven by a significant product sale within Europe and a $10.0 million increase due to, in connection with ASC 606, licenses being identified as distinct performance obligations and recognized in product sales in the current year; and
A decrease of $20.8 million in sports betting, primarily driven by sales in Europe that did not recur in the current year.

Non-operating expenses
The principal driver of the $11.2 million constant currency increase in product sales
Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net for the year ended December 31, 20172021 decreased $57 million, or 14%, to $341 million from $398 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily due to the Company maintaining a lower average aggregate outstanding principal balance of our Senior Secured Notes compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 was an increaseprior corresponding period, as well as reductions in the average cost of $14.7 milliondebt primarily due to the refinancing activity executed in Lottery machines, principally associated with an $8.2 million increase in Europe and a $5.8 million increase in Latin America.the first half of 2021.


Operating expensesForeign exchange (gain) loss, net

  Constant Currency Change $ Change
($ thousands) 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
  $ % $ % $ % $ %
Cost of services (139,036) (5.4) (37,368) (1.5) (102,425) (4.0) (396) 
Cost of product sales (85,138) (14.7) (5,652) (1.0) (88,401) (15.3) (2,927) (0.5)
Selling, general and administrative 26,024
 3.2
 (135,273) (14.3) 27,966
 3.4
 (129,731) (13.7)
Research and development (51,264) (16.4) (32,758) (9.5) (49,809) (15.9) (30,443) (8.9)
Restructuring expense (25,145) (63.1) 11,743
 42.0
 (25,095) (62.9) 11,942
 42.8
Impairment loss (594,756) (83.2) 677,415
 >200.0
 (594,813) (83.2) 677,476
 > 200.0
Transaction expense (income), net 26,791
 (100.2) (29,315) >200.0
 26,791
 100.2
 (29,330) > 200.0
Total operating expenses (842,524) (16.9) 448,792
 10.0
 (805,786) (16.1) 496,591
 11.1

Information on the material changes in operating expenses are as follows:

Cost of services

Cost of services decreased $139.0 million on a constant currency basisForeign exchange gain, net for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to:
A decrease of $67.0 million in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, principally due to:
A decrease of $40.1 million from the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown;
A decrease of $63.8 million related to the reclassification of jackpot expense to service revenue upon adoption of ASC 606; and
An increase of $32.0 million in depreciation and amortization;
A decrease of $21.5 million in the International segment, primarily related to the $60.2 million decrease in service revenue and the reclassification of $12.1 million in jackpot expense to service revenue upon adoption of ASC 606; and
A decrease of $61.3 million in Purchase Accounting, principally associated with a $61.3 million decrease in depreciation and amortization, primarily related to the Company's game library (acquired in the 2015 acquisition of IGT) being fully depreciated at year ended December 31, 2017. On April 7, 2015, the Company acquired IGT, a global leader in casino and social gaming entertainment, headquartered in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Cost of services decreased $37.4 million on a constant currency basis for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, principally due to:
A $33.1 million decrease in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, due to a decrease of $59.7 million from the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown, partially offset by an increase of $26.6 million, principally related to:

Costs of $10.3 million associated a content licensing and support agreement entered into with DoubleU to enable DoubleU to offer the Company's extensive casino game library on DoubleU’s combined social casino platforms, in exchange for a fixed amount and usage-based royalties to the Company; and
Costs of $12.3 million to grow and sustain the premium installed base, including higher than average jackpot expense;
A $21.1 million decrease in the North America Lottery segment, principally due to the decrease in service revenue of $35.9 million;
A $32.9 million increase in the International segment, principally due to the $47.4 million increase in service revenue and a $15.9 million increase in depreciation and amortization expense, partially offset by a decrease in costs related to the exit of certain interactive contracts;
A $26.6 million increase in the Italy segment, principally due to:
An increase of $18.2 million related to instant tickets principally associated with a VAT reduction on instant tickets in 2016 that did not recur;
An increase of $10.3 million in costs related to Machine gaming, principally associated with the constant currency increase in AWP machine gaming service revenue; and
A decrease of $8.1 million related to sports betting principally associated with a decrease of $11.9 million in depreciation and amortization related to fully depreciated assets; and
A $36.4 million decrease in Purchase Accounting, principally due to a $36.4 million decrease in depreciation and amortization, primarily related to:
An $18.4 million decrease related to the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown; and
A $14.2 million decrease in developed technology, principally related to fully depreciated assets that were acquired in the 2015 acquisition of IGT.

Cost of product sales

Cost of product sales decreased $85.1 million on a constant currency basis for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to:
A $16.4 million increase in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, primarily related to a $20.0 million increase in machine sales costs driven by a higher volume in sales, partially offset by a $4.0 million decrease in software costs associated with software sales in Oregon that did not recur in the current year;
A $10.0 million decrease in the North America Lottery segment, primarily driven by gaming system and related hardware sales in 2017 that did not recur in the current year;
An $18.4 million decrease in the International segment, principally due to a change in product mix; and
A $72.0 million decrease in Purchase Accounting, principally associated with a $72.0 million decrease in depreciation and amortization, primarily related to the Company's game library (acquired in the 2015 acquisition of IGT) being fully depreciated at year ended December 31, 2017.
Cost of product sales decreased $5.7 million on a constant currency basis for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, principally due to:
A $26.1 million decrease in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, principally due to the decrease in product sales of $22.0 million and change in product mix;
A $22.5 million increase in the North America Lottery segment, principally due to the $26.1 million increase in product sales;
A $29.0 million increase in the International segment, principally due to an increase in delivery costs primarily related to product sales to customers in Europe and Latin America; and
A $31.2 million decrease in Purchase Accounting, principally due to a $31.2 million decrease in depreciation and amortization due to fully depreciated assets.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative expense increased $26.0 million on a constant currency basis for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to:

A $13.5 million decrease in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, principally due to a $26.7 million decrease from the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown, partially offset by an increase of $8.7 million in performance based compensation;
A $12.5 million increase related to the Italy segment, primarily related to:
An increase of $12.6 million in employee related costs;
An increase of $5.8 million in depreciation and amortization; and
A decrease of $4.3 million in maintenance expense primarily related to software maintenance; and
A $24.6 million increase in Corporate Support, primarily due to:
An increase of $17.9 million related to the January 2017 sale of a pre-merger IGT receivable that was substantially fully reserved at the date of acquisition in April 2015;
A decrease of $19.3 million in employee related costs;
An increase of $14.5 million in performance based compensation; and
An increase of $3.1 million in licensing and royalties, primarily related to software licenses.
Selling, general and administrative expense decreased $135.3 million on a constant currency basis for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, principally due to:
A $67.3 million decrease related to the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, principally due to:
A decrease of $43.5 million from the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown;
A decrease of $23.8 million driven by:
A decrease of $11.3 million in performance based compensation; and
A decrease of $8.7 million related to a decrease in payroll related costs;
A $21.5 million decrease related to the International segment, principally due to cost savings initiatives and a decrease in incentive based compensation of $8.2 million; and
A $23.3 million decrease related to Corporate support, principally due to the January 2017 sale of a pre-merger IGT receivable for $17.9 million that2021 was substantially fully reserved at the date of acquisition in April 2015.

Research and development

Research and development expense decreased $51.3 million on a constant currency basis for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to:
A $31.1 million decrease in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, primarily related to a $13.6 million decrease from the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown and a $25.9 million decrease in employee related costs associated with optimization efforts; and
A $10.0 million decrease in the International segment and a $9.1 million decrease in the Italy segment, principally related to cost saving initiatives.

Research and development expense decreased $32.8 million on a constant currency basis for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, principally due to:
A $21.1 million decrease in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, principally due to a decrease of $16.5 million from the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown along with a decrease of $7.3 million in performance based compensation.

Restructuring expense

The Company has undertaken various restructuring plans, principally related to the April 2015 acquisition of IGT to eliminate redundant costs and achieve synergies across the business. The Company recorded restructuring costs associated with these plans of $14.8 million, $39.9 million and $27.9 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.


Impairment loss

In 2018, the Company incurred a $118.0 million impairment loss in the International segment as discussed in the Critical Accounting Estimates section. In 2017, the Company incurred a $714.0 million impairment loss in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment. In 2016, the Company recorded an impairment loss of $30.0 million for certain indefinite-lived trademarks in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment. Impairments for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 are recorded within Purchase Accounting.

Transaction expense (income), net

  For the year ended December 31, $ Change
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
        $ % $ %
Gain on sale of DoubleDown, net of selling costs 
 (27,232) 
 27,232
 (100.0) (27,232) 
Other transaction costs 51
 492
 2,590
 (441) (89.6) (2,098) (81.0)
  51
 (26,740) 2,590
 26,791
 (100.2) (29,330) >200.0

The Company received cash consideration of $825.8 million ($823.8 million net of cash divested) and recognized a gain of $27.2 million in connection with the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Operating income(loss)

  For the year ended December 31, $ Change
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
        $ % $ %
North America Gaming and Interactive 218,860
 278,963
 349,275
 (60,103) (21.5) (70,312) (20.1)
North America Lottery 296,527
 289,025
 299,182
 7,502
 2.6
 (10,157) (3.4)
International 142,077
 163,799
 142,200
 (21,722) (13.3) 21,599
 15.2
Italy 541,254
 478,540
 583,504
 62,714
 13.1
 (104,964) (18.0)
 Operating Segments
 1,198,718
 1,210,327
 1,374,161
 (11,609) (1.0) (163,834) (11.9)
Corporate support (226,231) (197,089) (245,600) (29,142) (14.8) 48,511
 19.8
Purchase accounting (325,496) (1,064,330) (468,125) 738,834
 69.4
 (596,205) (127.4)
  646,991
 (51,092) 660,436
 698,083
 > 200.0
 (711,528) (107.7)
The following table sets forth constant currency changes in operating income (loss):
  Constant Currency Change
  2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
($ thousands) $ % $ %
North America Gaming and Interactive (58,661) (21.0) (68,993) (19.8)
North America Lottery 7,695
 2.7
 (11,026) (3.7)
International (22,022) (13.4) 24,544
 17.3
Italy 39,223
 8.2
 (119,620) (20.5)
Operating Segments (33,765) (2.8) (175,095) (12.7)
Corporate support (27,993) (14.2) 49,351
 (20.1)
Purchase accounting 738,966
 69.4
 (596,164) 127.4
  677,208
 >200.0
 (721,908) (109.3)


Operating margin for each of the Company's operating segments is as follows:
  Operating Margin
  For the year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
North America Gaming and Interactive 21.8% 24.1% 25.4%
North America Lottery 24.9% 24.4% 25.1%
International 17.3% 18.4% 17.2%
Italy 29.8% 28.1% 33.1%
North America Gaming and Interactive

Segment operating margin decreased from 24.1% at year ended December 31, 2017 to 21.8% at year ended December 31, 2018, principally due to service revenue versus product sales margin mix and an increase in depreciation and amortization.

Segment operating margin decreased from 25.4% at year ended December 31, 2016 to 24.1% at year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to the product sales versus service revenue margin mix.

North America Lottery

Segment operating margin increased slightly from 24.4% at year ended December 31, 2017 to 24.9% at year ended December 31, 2018, principally due to strong same store revenue due to multi-state jackpot activity and increased instant tickets sales, partially offset by an increase in depreciation and amortization.

Segment operating margin decreased slightly from 25.1% at year ended December 31, 2016 to 24.4% at year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to lower multi-state jackpot activity, partially offset by a decrease in depreciation and amortization driven by contract extensions with several customers in the United States.

International

Segment operating margin decreased from 18.4% at year ended December 31, 2017 to 17.3% at year ended December 31, 2018 and increased from 17.2% at year ended December 31, 2016 to 18.4% at year ended December 31, 2017, principally due the achievement of certain high-margin contractual milestones in 2017.

Italy

Segment operating margin increased from 28.1% at year ended December 31, 2017 to 29.8% at year ended December 31, 2018, principally due to overall business performance and capital expenditure optimization, partially offset by one time effects of certain reimbursements that did not recur in the current year.

Segment operating margin decreased from 33.1% at year ended December 31, 2016 to 28.1% at year ended December 31, 2017, principally due to the decrease in Lotto revenue, partially offset by an increase in sports betting and decrease in depreciation and amortization.


Non-operating expenses

Interest expense
  For the year ended December 31, $ Change
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
        $ % $ %
Senior Secured Notes (352,293) (389,879) (391,790) (37,586) (9.6) (1,911) (0.5)
Term Loan Facilities (39,462) (23,567) (19,100) 15,895
 67.4
 4,467
 23.4
Revolving Credit Facilities (27,805) (34,984) (42,179) (7,179) (20.5) (7,195) (17.1)
Other (12,058) (10,469) (16,199) 1,589
 15.2
 (5,730) (35.4)
  (431,618) (458,899) (469,268) (27,281) (5.9) (10,369) (2.2)
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased by $27.3$66 million, compared to the year ended December 31, 2017, primarily related to:

A $37.6foreign exchange loss, net of $309 million decrease in the senior secured notes, principally due to:
A decrease of $38.8 million due to the redemption of the €500 million 6.625% Senior Secured Notes due February 2018 when they matured on February 2, 2018;
A decrease of $11.8 million due to the repurchase of $355.7 million of the $500.0 million 7.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2019 in June 2017;
A decrease of $9.1 million due to the September 2018 redemption of the $600 million 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 (the "5.625% Notes");
An increase of $12.5 million due to the September 2018 issuance of the $750.0 million 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027; and
An increase of $10.9 million due to the June 2018 issuance of the €500 million 3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024; and
A $15.9 million increase in term loan facilities, primarily related to:
A $26.9 million increase due to the July 2017 execution of the €1.5 billion term loan facility due January 2023; and
An $11.0 million decrease due to the July 2017 prepayment of the €800 million term loan facility due January 2019.
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased by $10.4 million, or 2.2% compared to the year ended December 31, 2016, principally driven by the decrease in the Revolving Credit Facilities outstanding following the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown.

prior corresponding period. Foreign exchange gain (loss), net

The Company recorded foreign exchange gains (losses), net of $129.1 million, $(444.0) million and $101.0 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, whichmovements are principally non-cash and relaterelated to fluctuations in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate on euro denominatedinternal and external debt.



Other (expense)expense, net

Other expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $64 million, or 193%, to $98 million from $33 million for the prior corresponding period. The increase was primarily related to the premium paid on the full redemption of the 4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2023, through the exercise of the make-whole call option.

Provision for income taxes

Provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $246 million to $274 million from $28 million for the prior corresponding period. The increase was primarily due to the level of pre-tax income and increases in our valuation allowances related to our business interest expense limitation carryforward.

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Income from discontinued operations, net of tax

Income from discontinued operations, net of tax for the year ended December 31, 2021 decreased $13 million, or 34%, to $24 million from $37 million for the prior corresponding period. Discontinued operations reflects the operating activities of our Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses through the date of the sale in the second quarter of 2021. Refer to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements” for further information.

Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

During the second quarter of 2021, the Company recorded a $391 million gain, net of tax, upon the completion of the sale of its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses. Refer to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 3. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale” included in Item 18. “Financial Statements”.

Segment Revenuesand Key Performance Indicators

Global Lottery
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20212020$%
Service revenue
Operating and facilities management contracts2,363 1,744 619 35 
Systems, software, and other327 299 29 10 
2,690 2,043 647 32 
Product sales
Lottery products123 121 
123 121 
Global Lottery segment revenue2,812 2,164 649 30 
For the year ended December 31,
(% on a constant-currency basis)20212020
Global same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games18.1 %1.6 %
Multi-jurisdiction jackpots46.4 %(17.0)%
Total20.1 %0.1 %
North America & Rest of world same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games12.7 %7.3 %
Multi-jurisdiction jackpots46.4 %(17.0)%
Total15.6 %4.7 %
Italy same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games38.9 %(16.1)%
 
The components
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Operating and facilities management contracts

Service revenue from Operating and facilities management contracts increased $619 million, or 35%, to $2.4 billion from $1.7 billion for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily the result of a $467 million increase in instant, draw-based, and multi-jurisdiction jackpot ticket sales that experienced a 20.1% increase in global same-store sales in the aggregate. Italy same-store sales grew 38.9%, as revenues in the prior corresponding period were lower, primarily due to the temporary COVID-19 induced suspension of retail lottery sales and a shift in consumer discretionary spending to lottery in lieu of other (expense)forms of entertainment due to social distancing restrictions imposed. North America and Rest of world experienced a 15.6% increase in same-store sales, primarily as a result of increased instant and draw-based growth and higher jackpots from multi-state lotteries in North America, as well as a shift in consumer discretionary spending to lottery products. Same-store sales also experienced increases over the prior corresponding period due to the timing of the COVID-19 outbreak in the middle of March 2020. Additionally, there was a $94 million increase in lottery management agreement revenues, primarily attributable to contractual incentives earned and expected to be earned related to higher than forecasted sales in the first half of fiscal year 2021 and continued expectations of earning an incentive in fiscal year 2022 due to performance during the second half of 2021. In the prior calendar year, the segment paid a penalty due to shortfalls in performance during our customer’s fiscal year 2020 and forecasted the incurrence of net penalties during our customer’s fiscal year 2021. Finally, there was a $42 million increase associated with retailer support services in Italy and a $31 million decrease in anticipated payments to ADM related to underutilized marketing funds.

Systems, software, and other

Service revenue from Systems, software, and other increased $29 million, or 10%, to $327 million from $299 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily the result of a $29 million increase from our Italian commercial service offerings due to increased volumes.

Lottery products

Lottery products revenue remained relatively consistent with the prior corresponding period.

Global Gaming
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions, except yields)20212020$%
Service revenue
Gaming terminal services424 298 126 42 
Systems, software, and other206 186 21 11 
630 483 147 30 
Product sales
Gaming terminals339 205 134 65 
Gaming other143 148 (6)(4)
482 354 128 36 
Global Gaming segment revenue1,112 837 275 33 
For the year ended December 31,Change
20212020Units / $%
Installed base units
Total installed base units48,849 49,300 (451)(0.9)
Total yields(1)
$27.11$18.06$9.0550.1 
Global machine units sold
Total machine units sold23,807 14,662 9,145 62.4 
(1) Total yields represent revenue per day for the average installed base units. Installed base units included active and inactive units deployed to a customer location.

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Gaming terminal services

Service revenue from Gaming terminal services increased $126 million, or 42%, to $424 million from $298 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily driven by a 40% increase in average active installed base units during the year as social distancing restrictions were lifted and more units became available to players. These restrictions included the shutdown of most casinos and gaming halls beginning in the first quarter of 2020, and upon re-opening, the removal or powering down of a portion of gaming machines from casino floors to maintain social distancing.

Systems, software, and other

Service revenue from Systems, software, and other increased $21 million, or 11%, to $206 million from $186 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily due to an $18 million increase in system and software revenue, principally related to the increase in active poker machines that were previously inactive in the prior corresponding period resulting from COVID-19 social distancing requirements.

Gaming terminals
Product sales from Gaming terminals increased $134 million, or 65%, to $339 million from $205 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily associated with an increase of 9,145 in machine units sold, primarily driven by replacement machine units in the United States and Canada. The increase in these units was primarily the result of the segment’s recovery and casino operators returning to more moderate levels of investments.

Gaming other

Product sales from Gaming other decreased $6 million, or 4%, to $143 million from $148 million for the prior corresponding period, primarily related to $28 million of strategic leases recognized as sale-type leases in the prior corresponding period and a $25 million reduction in the sale of amusement with prize (“AWP”) kits in Italy. AWP kits are used in typically low-denomination gaming machines installed in retail outlets. These decreases were partially offset by a $25 million recovery in systems, game conversion, and parts sales as casinos reopened and an increase of $21 million in poker site licenses.

Digital & Betting
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20212020$%
Segment revenue
Digital and betting services163 114 50 44 
Product sales55 
Digital & Betting segment revenue165 115 50 44 

Digital and betting services

Digital and betting services revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $50 million, or 44%, to $163 million from $114 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was principally related to expanding markets under our iGaming solutions, as well as increased same-store sales in sports betting due to an expanded customer base.

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Segment Operating Results

Global Lottery
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20212020$ / Basis Points (“bps”)%
Gross margin
   Service1,359 852508 60 
     % of service revenue51 %42 %900 bps
   Product34 48(14)(29)
     % of product sales28 %39 %(1100)bps
Operating income1,088 642446 69 
Operating margin38.7 %29.7 %900  bps

Gross margin - Service

Gross margin on service revenue increased from 42% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 51% for the year ended December 31, 2021 driven by higher sales and increased operating leverage.

Gross margin - Product

Gross margin on product sales decreased from 39% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 28% for the year ended December 31, 2021, principally due to decreased software license revenues which have higher gross margin percentages than other product offerings.

Operating margin

Segment operating margin increased from 29.7% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 38.7% for the year ended December 31, 2021. This increase is primarily the result of the 30% increase in the segment’s revenues. As the Global Lottery segment has a high percentage of fixed-costs, operating leverage increases as sales increase.

Global Gaming

 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20212020$ / bps%
Gross margin
   Service313 148165 112 
     % of service revenue50 %31 %1900 bps
   Product200 91110 121 
     % of product sales42 %26 %1600 bps
Operating income (loss)43 (212)255 120 
Operating margin3.9 %(25.3)%2920 bps

Gross margin - Service

Gross margin on service revenue increased from 31% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 50% for the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily resulting from disciplined cost management, benefits from costs savings initiatives, and increased operating leverage.

Gross margin - Product

Gross margin on product sales increased from 26% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 42% for the year ended December 31, 2021 principally as a result of a decrease in inventory obsolescence reserves as well as favorable product mix.
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Operating margin

Segment operating margin increased from (25.3)% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 3.9% for the year ended December 31, 2021 primarily due to an increase in revenues of 33% resulting from the segment’s continuing recovery from the effects of COVID-19, disciplined cost management and benefits from costs saving initiatives, along with increased operating leverage as the business continues to return to pre-pandemic scale.

Digital & Betting

 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20212020$ / bps%
Gross margin
   Service104 6341 65 
     % of service revenue64 %56 %800 bps
   Product— 115 
     % of product sales44 %32 %1246 bps
Operating income33 627 > 200.0
Operating margin20.0 %5.5 %1450 bps

Gross margin - Service

Gross margin on service revenue increased from 56% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 64% for the year ended December 31, 2021 driven by higher revenues and increased operating leverage.

Operating margin

Segment operating margin increased from 5.5% for the year ended December 31, 2020 to 20.0% for the year ended December 31, 2021 due to a $50 million increase in revenues primarily from iGaming driven by entering new markets and expanding the existing customer base in existing markets in North America. Operating margin also benefited from increased operating leverage which was partially mitigated by increased labor costs and marketing activities.


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Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
 For the year ended
 December 31, 2020December 31, 2019Change
($ in millions)$% of
Revenue
$% of
Revenue
$%
Service revenue by segment
Global Lottery2,043 66 2,183 54 (140)(6)
Global Gaming483 16 842 21 (359)(43)
Digital & Betting114 76 38 50 
Total service revenue2,640 85 3,101 77 (461)(15)
Product sales by segment
Global Lottery121 110 11 10 
Global Gaming354 11 806 20 (453)(56)
Digital & Betting— 15 — (14)(94)
Total product sales476 15 931 23 (455)(49)
Total revenue3,115 100 4,032 100 (916)(23)
Operating expenses
Cost of services1,634 52 1,777 44 (143)(8)
Cost of product sales346 11 558 14 (212)(38)
Selling, general and administrative707 23 850 21 (143)(17)
Research and development191 266 (75)(28)
Restructuring45 25 20 81 
Goodwill impairment296 10 99 197 199 
Other operating expense (income), net— (21)(1)25 121 
Total operating expenses3,223 103 3,554 88 (331)(9)
Operating (loss) income(107)(3)478 12 (585)(122)
Interest expense, net398 13 411 10 (13)(3)
Foreign exchange loss (gain), net309 10 (40)(1)349 > 200.0
Other expense (income), net33 (21)(1)55 > 200.0
Total non-operating expenses740 24 350 390 112 
(Loss) income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes(848)(27)128 (976)> 200.0
Provision for income taxes28 131 (103)(79)
Loss from continuing operations(875)(28)(3)— (873)> 200.0
Income from discontinued operations37 114 (78)(68)
Net (loss) income(839)(27)112 (950)> 200.0
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests from continuing operations64 126 (62)(49)
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations(5)— — (9)> 200.0
Net loss attributable to IGT PLC(898)(29)(19)— (879)> 200.0

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Revenue

Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $916 million, or 23%, to $3.1 billion from $4.0 billion for the prior corresponding period. Total service revenues were adversely affected by mobility and social distancing restrictions imposed by governmental authorities in an effort to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Total product sale declines were primarily caused by COVID-19 budgetary constraints and social distancing restrictions. See “Segment Revenues and Key Performance Indicators” section below for further discussion related to the principal drivers of these changes.

Operating expenses

Cost of services

Cost of services for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $143 million, or 8%, to $1.6 billion from $1.8 billion for the prior corresponding period. This decrease is primarily attributable to a $108 million decrease within our Global Gaming segment primarily resulting from a $41 million decrease in licensing and royalty fees principally due to lower royalties on installed base and poker units due to inactive machines. Global Gaming expenses related to payroll, employee benefits and incentive compensation decreased $31 million due to temporary salary reductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program and employee furloughs. Cost of services for our Global Lottery segment decreased by $19 million primarily as a result of a $21 million decrease in marketing and advertising; a $20 million decrease in payroll, employee benefits and incentive compensation due to temporary salary reductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, and employee furloughs; a $10 million decrease in communications, consumables, and travel; and a $7 million decrease in outside services, primarily consultants. These decreases were partially offset by a $56 million increase in point of sale (“POS”) and partner fees, primarily related to an increase in commercial service sales in Italy. Cost of services for our Digital & Betting segment remained consistent with the prior corresponding period.

As a percentage of service revenue, cost of services increased by approximately 500 basis points driven primarily by an approximate 1700 basis point increase in our Global Gaming segment primarily resulting from the 43% reduction in revenues caused by a decrease in active units in response to the COVID-19 social distancing restrictions, while costs only decreased 8%.

Cost of product sales

Cost of product sales for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $212 million, or 38%, to $346 million from $558 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease is primarily attributable to a $201 million decrease within our Global Gaming segment primarily resulting from the $466 million decrease in product sales. Cost of product sales for our Global Lottery segment decreased $5 million primarily related to product mix. In addition, there was a $7 million decrease in Corporate and Other, principally associated with a decrease in amortization of acquired intangible assets.

As a percentage of product sales, cost of product sales increased by approximately 1300 basis points driven primarily by an approximate 1700 basis point increase in our Global Gaming segment resulting from the 56% decline in sales principally due to the COVID-19 budgetary constraints, while costs only decreased 38%, due to fixed costs which do not correspond with the movements in revenues. This increase was partially offset by an approximate 1100 basis point decrease in our Global Lottery segment.

Selling, general and administrative

Selling, general and administrative for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $143 million, or 17%, to $707 million from $850 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease is primarily attributable to a $63 million decrease within our Global Gaming segment due to a $58 million decrease in corporate allocations; a $24 million decrease in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation principally due to temporary salary deductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, and employee furloughs; a $12 million decrease in license and royalty fees; and an $8 million decrease in travel expenses. These decreases were partially offset by a $45 million increase in expected credit losses on long-term customer financing receivables resulting primarily from the impact of COVID-19 within Latin America and the Caribbean.

Selling, general and administrative expense for our Global Lottery segment decreased $43 million primarily as a result of a decrease of $19 million in non-deductible VAT driven by lower spending and the implementation of the Italy VAT group from January 1, 2020, a $14 million decrease in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation principally due to temporary salary deductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, and employee furloughs; and a $9 million reduction in corporate allocations. These decreases within our Global Lottery segment were partially offset by a $9 million increase in other expenses primarily relating to legal settlements.
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Selling, general and administrative for our Digital & Betting segment decreased $6 million primarily due to a decrease in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation principally due to temporary salary deductions and cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program.

Selling, general and administrative for Corporate and Other decreased $32 million primarily as a result of a $52 million decrease in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation principally due to temporary salary reductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, and employee furloughs. Corporate and Other expenses also decreased related to a $19 million decrease in outside services, principally related to external consultants; an $11 million reduction in advertising; and a $6 million reduction in travel. These decreases were partially offset by a $56 million reduction of costs allocated to our business segments caused by an overall reduction of Corporate and Other costs.

Research and development

Research and development for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $75 million, or 28%, to $191 million from $266 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease is primarily due to decreases of $42 million, $12 million, and $4 million in payroll, employee benefits, and incentive compensation in our Global Gaming, Global Lottery, and Digital & Betting segments, respectively. These decreases were the result of temporary salary reductions, cancellation of the 2020 short-term incentive compensation program, employee furloughs, and COVID-19 related government subsidies. Additionally, there were decreases related to outside services primarily due to cost controls enacted by management to the Company for the Global Gaming and Global Lottery segments of $10 million and $10 million, respectively.

Restructuring

Restructuring for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased $20 million, or 81%, to $45 million from $25 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily due to management initiating restructuring plans in 2020 to achieve long-term structural cost savings by simplifying our organizational structure, optimizing our global supply chain, and consolidating our global technology organization.

Goodwill impairment

Goodwill impairment for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $296 million compared to $99 million for the prior corresponding period. During the first quarter of 2020, we determined there was an interim goodwill triggering event caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Based principally on management’s financial projections, which included the estimated impact of COVID-19, we recorded $193 million and $103 million non-cash impairment losses within the former International and North America Gaming and Interactive reporting units, respectively, to reduce the carrying amount of these reporting units to fair value. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we determined there was a goodwill impairment of $99 million within the former International reporting unit due to lower forecasted cash flows along with a higher weighted-average cost of capital.

Other operating expense (income), net

Other operating expense, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 increased $25 million, or 121%, to $4 million from other operating income, net are as follows: of $21 million for the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily the result of a non-recurring gain on the sale of assets to a distributor for $28 million in the prior year.


Non-operating expenses
  For the year ended December 31, $ Change
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
        $ % $ %
Debt related transactions (54,907) (31,593) (5,220) (23,314) (73.8) (26,373) > 200.0
Gain on sale of available-for-sale investment 
 
 20,365
 
 -
 (20,365) (100.0)
Other 300
 (1,800) 3,220
 2,100
 116.7
 (5,020) (155.9)
  (54,607) (33,393) 18,365
 (21,214) (63.5) (51,758) > 200.0

Interest expense, net
In October 2018,
Interest expense, net for the Company redeemedyear ended December 31, 2020 decreased $13 million, or 3%, to $398 million from $411 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily due to lower LIBOR interest rates on floating rate debt and a decrease in full its subsidiary's $144.3the aggregate outstanding principal balance of our Senior Secured Notes, principally due to the following 2020 refinancing activities: redemption, upon maturity, of the remaining €388 million 7.500%4.75% Senior Secured Notes due July 2019 (the "7.500% Notes") and $96.8March 2020; partial redemption, in June 2020, of the $1.5 billion 6.25% Senior Secured Notes due February 2022; issuance, in June 2020, of the $750 million of its subsidiary's $124.1 million 5.500%5.25% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020 (the "5.500% Notes") for total consideration, excluding interest, of $248.7 million2029; and recorded a $4.8 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the redemption.

In September 2018, the Company redeemed in full the 5.625% Notes for total consideration, excluding interest, of $617.1 million and recorded a $20.0 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the redemption.

In June 2018, the Company offered to purchase up to €500 millionredemption, upon maturity, of the €700remaining $27 million 4.125%5.50% Senior Secured Notes due FebruaryJune 2020.

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Foreign exchange loss (gain), net

Foreign exchange loss, net for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the "4.125% Notes") andwas $309 million, compared to foreign exchange gain, net of $40 million for the €500prior corresponding period. Foreign exchange loss (gain), net is principally related to fluctuations in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate on euro-denominated debt.

Other expense (income), net

Other expense (income), net for the year ended December 31, 2020 changed $55 million, 4.750%or > 200.0%, to a $33 million net expense position from a $21 million net income position for the prior corresponding period. In 2020, the Company incurred $28 million of expense related to the partial redemption of the 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due March 2020 (the "4.750% Notes"). The Company purchased €262.4 million ($303.6 million) of the 4.125% Notes and €112.1 million ($129.7 million) of the 4.750% Notes for total consideration, excluding interest, of €395.5 million ($457.5 million) and recorded a $29.6 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the purchase.

February 2022. In June 2017,2019, the Company offeredrecorded gains of $34 million on the sale of investments, primarily related to purchase any and allthe May 2019 sale of its ownership interest in Yeonama Holdings Co. Limited for a $29 million pre-tax gain, partially offset by $10 million in expenses related to the $500.0 million 7.500% Notes and the Company purchased $355.7 millionredemption of these notes for total consideration, excluding interest, of $393.5 million. The Company recorded a $25.7 million loss on early extinguishment of debt in connection with the purchase.senior secured notes.


Provision for (benefit from) income taxes

  For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands, except percentages) 2018 2017 2016
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 189,401
 (29,414) 59,206
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes 304,048
 (976,925) 323,413
Effective income tax rate 62.3% 3.0% 18.3%
Provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $103 million, or 79%, to $28 million from $131 million for the prior corresponding period. In 2018,2020, the Company’s effective tax rate was higher than the U.K. statutory rate of 19% primarily due to increases in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (BEAT and GILTI), foreign rate differences, and a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit. In 2019, the Company's effective tax rate was higher than the U.K. statutory rate of 19.00%19% primarily due to the impact of the international provisions of the Tax Act (the base-erosion(BEAT and anti-abuse tax or "BEAT"GILTI), foreign rate differences, and global intangible low-taxed income or "GILTI"), a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit,benefit.

Income from discontinued operations

Income from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased $78 million, or 68%, from $114 million for the prior corresponding period. Discontinued operations reflects the operating activities of our Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses. The decline in income was primarily due to lower wagers caused by temporary casino and gaming hall closures required by the Italian government to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Refer to “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—3. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale” included in “Item 18.Financial Statements” for further information.

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Segment Revenues and Key Performance Indicators

Global Lottery
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20202019$%
Service revenue
Operating and facilities management contracts1,744 1,931 (187)(10)
Systems, software, and other299 252 47 18 
2,043 2,183 (140)(6)
Product sales
Lottery products121 110 11 10 
121 110 11 10 
Global Lottery segment revenue2,164 2,293 (129)(6)
For the year ended December 31,
(% on a constant-currency basis)20202019
Global same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games1.6 %4.1 %
Multi-jurisdiction jackpots(17.0)%(18.3)%
Total0.1 %1.7 %
North America & Rest of world same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games7.3 %5.2 %
Multi-jurisdiction jackpots(17.0)%(18.3)%
Total4.7 %2.0 %
Italy same-store sales growth (%)
Instant ticket & draw games(16.1)%0.8 %

Operating and facilities management contracts

Service revenues related to Operating and facilities management contracts decreased $187 million, or 10%, to $1.7 billion from $1.9 billion for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily the result of lower same-store sales in Italy for draw-based and instant ticket games resulting from the impact of COVID-19 mobility restrictions, and lower incentives arising within our Lottery Management Agreements. These decreases were partially offset by increases in uncertain tax positionssame-store sales primarily driven by customer demand in North America, and favorable foreign currency translation of $16 million.

Systems, software, and other

Service revenue for Systems, software, and other increased $47 million, or 18%, to $299 million from $252 million for the settlementprior corresponding. This increase was primarily the result of a $52 million increase from our commercial service offering in Italy due to expanded offerings which more than offset the reduction of revenue caused by the sale of the Company’s BillBird subsidiary in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Lottery products

Lottery products sales increased $11 million, or 10%, to $121 million from $110 million in the prior corresponding period. This increase was primarily the result of an Italian tax audit.increase of $10 million in lottery terminal sales primarily related to a customer network refresh and an increase in lottery software sales of $11 million as a result of increased customer demand. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in other lottery sales of $11 million primarily due to lower sales of printed instant tickets.

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In 2017,Global Gaming
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions, except yields)20202019$%
Service revenue
Gaming terminal services298 568 (270)(48)
Systems, software, and other186 274 (89)(32)
483 842 (359)(43)
Product sales
Gaming terminals205 581 (376)(65)
Gaming other148 225 (77)(34)
354 806 (453)(56)
Global Gaming segment revenue837 1,648 (811)(49)
For the year ended December 31,Change
20202019$%
Installed base units
Total installed base units49,300 50,834 (1,534)(3)
Total yields(1)
$18.06$31.45$(13.39)(43)
Global machine units sold
Total machine units sold14,662 42,076 (27,414)(65)
(1) Total yields represent revenue per day for the Company's effective tax rateaverage installed base units. Installed base units included active and inactive units deployed to a customer location.

Gaming terminal services

Service revenue from Gaming terminal services decreased $270 million, or 48% to $298 million from $568 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was higher thanprincipally driven by social distancing measures implemented by government authorities to mitigate the U.K. statutory ratespread of 19.25%COVID-19. These measures resulted in the temporary closure of casinos and gaming halls and upon reopening, fewer active machines available for use by players driving lower wagers and yields.

Systems, software, and other

Service revenue from Systems, software, and other decreased by $89 million, or 32%, to $186 million from $274 million for the prior corresponding period. The decline was primarily due to a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit, capital gain taxes incurred on the sale of DoubleDown, a net increase$68 million decrease in valuation allowancessoftware revenue primarily related to non-recurring multi-year poker site license contracts executed in the U.K.prior year, and lower recurring poker software license fees due to inactive machines resulting from COVID-19 social distancing requirements. Additionally, there was a $25 million decrease in system revenue primarily due to lower demand during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gaming terminals

Product sales from Gaming terminals decreased $376 million, or 65% to $205 million from $581 million for the prior corresponding period. This decrease was primarily associated with fewer machines sold during the year driven by lower demand due to customer capital constraints resulting from COVID-19.

Gaming other

Gaming other foreign jurisdictions offset by a favorable net tax benefit recordeddecreased $77 million, or 34% to $148 million from $225 million for the prior corresponding period primarily related to lower demand due to customer capital constraints resulting from COVID-19, and multi-year licenses of intellectual property.

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Digital & Betting
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20202019$%
Segment revenue
Digital and betting services114 76 38 50 
Product sales15 (14)(94)
Digital & Betting segment revenue115 91 24 27 

Digital and betting services

Digital and betting services revenue increased $38 million, or 50% to $114 million from $76 million for the impact of the Tax Act.

In 2016, the Company's effective tax rate was lower than the U.K. statutory rate of 20.00%prior corresponding period primarily due to a reduction$33 million increase in operating losses without tax benefits in certain foreign jurisdictions, decrease in uncertain tax positionsiGaming as a result of a favorable settlement with the Internal Revenueexpansion into new markets and growth in existing markets in North America driven by obtaining new customers as well as launching new additional content across existing customer base.

Segment Operating Results

Global Lottery

 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20202019$ / bps%
Gross margin
   Service852 973(121)(12)
     % of service revenue42 %45 %(300)bps
   Product48 3216 52 
     % of product sales39 %29 %1000 bps
Operating income642 697(55)(8)
Operating margin29.7 %30.4 %(70) bps

Gross margin - Service tax benefits associated with tax law and tax rate changes during

Gross margin on service revenue decreased from 45% for the year offsetended December 31, 2019 to 42% for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily the result of decreased revenues caused by COVID-19 and the inability to reduce associated fixed costs at the same rate.

Gross margin - Product

Gross margin on product sales increased from 29% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 39% for the year ended December 31, 2020, principally due to increased software license revenues which have higher gross margin percentages than other product offerings.

Operating margin

Segment operating margin decreased from 30.4% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 29.7% for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to a decrease in revenues of $129 million resulting from the global impacts of COVID-19. Despite a 6% decline in revenue, operating margins decreased by approximately 70 basis points due primarily to management’s cost saving initiatives developed in response to COVID-19, partially offsetting the decrease in revenue.

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Global Gaming

 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20202019$ / bps%
Gross margin
   Service148 398(251)(63)
     % of service revenue31 %47 %(1600)bps
   Product91 343(252)(74)
     % of product sales26 %43 %(1700)bps
Operating (loss) income(212)222(434)(195)
Operating margin(25.3)%13.5 %(3880)bps

Gross margin - Service

Gross margin on service revenue decreased from 47% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 31% for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily the result of a decrease in service revenues of $359 million caused by COVID-19 related casino closures, capacity restrictions, and social distancing and the inability to reduce associated fixed costs at the same rate.

Gross margin - Product

Gross margin on product sales decreased from 43% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 26% for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily the result of a decrease in product sales of $453 million from lower customer demand and a $9 million increase in inventory obsolescence driven by the pandemic.

Operating margin

Segment operating margin decreased from 13.5% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to (25.3)% for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to a decrease in revenues of $811 million resulting from the global impacts of COVID-19, of which $453 million was related to product sales which were impacted at a greater rate than service revenue due to capital constraints within the market, thereby contributing a more significant negative impact to operating margin. The negative impacts on margin have been partially mitigated by management’s implementation of cost savings initiatives to decrease or eliminate fixed and discretionary costs amidst the global pandemic.

Digital & Betting

 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20202019$ / bps%
Gross margin
   Service63 2439 163 
     % of service revenue56 %32 %2400 bps
   Product— 14(14)(98)
     % of product sales32 %98 %(6646)bps
Operating income (loss)(43)49 115 
Operating margin5.5 %(47.1)%5260  bps

Gross margin - Service

Gross margin on service revenue increased from 32% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 56% for the year ended December 31, 2020 principally driven by higher revenues and increased operating leverage.

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Gross margin - Product

In 2019 the segment made a sale for a one-time license fee of $14 million, extending the rights for a previously sold software license permitting rights to additional markets.

Operating margin

Segment operating margin increased from (47.1)% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 5.5% for the year ended December 31, 2020 primarily due to an Italian audit settlement.increase in digital and betting services revenues of $38 million driven by the $33 million increase in iGaming.




B.Liquidity and Capital Resources

B.Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

The Company'sCompany’s business is capital intensive and requires liquidity to meet its obligations and fund growth. Historically, the Company'sCompany’s primary sources of liquidity have been cash flows from operations and, to a lesser extent, cash proceeds from financing activities, including amounts available under the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021.2024. In addition to general working capital and operational needs, the Company'sCompany’s liquidity requirements arise primarily from its need to meet debt service requirementsobligations and to fund capital expenditures and the upfront Italian license fee payments. The Company also requires liquidity to fund any acquisitions and associated costs. The Company'sCompany’s cash flows generated from operating activities together with cash flows generated from financing activities have historically been sufficient to meet the Company's liquidity requirements.needs.

The Company believes its ability to generate cash from operations to reinvest in its business, primarily due to the long-term nature of its contracts, is one of its fundamental financial strengths. Combined with funds currently available and committed borrowing capacity, the Company expects to have sufficient liquidity to meet its financial obligations and working capital requirements in the ordinary course of business for at least the next 12 months.months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

The cash management, funding of operations, and investment of excess liquidity are centrally coordinated by a dedicated treasury team with the objective of ensuring effective and efficient management of funds.
 
The Company'sAt December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company’s total available liquidity was as follows: 
 December 31,
($ in millions)20212020
Revolving Credit Facilities due July 20241,737 1,817 
Cash and cash equivalents591 907 
Total Liquidity2,327 2,724 
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021 1,601,968
 1,974,493
Cash and cash equivalents 250,669
 1,057,418
Total Liquidity 1,852,637
 3,031,911


The Revolving Credit Facilities due July 20212024 are subject to customary covenants (including maintaining a minimum ratio of EBITDA to total net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA) and events of default, none of which are expected to impact the Company'sCompany’s liquidity or capital resources. At December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants.

The Company completed severalmultiple debt transactions in 2018.2021 and 2020. Refer to the "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—14. Debt"15. Debt” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements"Statements” for further discussion of these transactions as well as information regarding the Company'sCompany’s other debt obligations.obligations, including the maturity profile of borrowings and committed borrowing facilities.

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately 18% and 23% of the Company’s net debt portfolio was exposed to interest rate fluctuations, respectively. The Company’s exposure to floating rates of interest primarily relates to the Euro Term Loan Facilities due January 2027.
 
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The following table summarizes the Company'sCompany’s USD equivalent cash balances by currency: 
December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
 December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
($ thousands) $ % $ %
($ in millions)($ in millions)$%$%
Euros 140,282
 56.0 625,143
 59.1Euros362 61 660 73 
U.S. dollars 41,395
 16.5 362,760
 34.3U.S. dollars88 15 135 15 
Other currencies 68,992
 27.5 69,515
 6.6Other currencies141 24 113 12 
Total Cash 250,669
 100.0 1,057,418
 100.0Total Cash591 100 907 100 
 
The Company holds insignificant amountsan immaterial amount of cash in countries where there may be restrictions on transfer due to regulatory or governmental bodies. Based on the Company'sCompany’s review of such transfer restrictions and the cash balances held in such countries, it does not believe such transfer restrictions have an adverse impact on its ability to meet liquidity requirements at years ended December 31, 20182021 and 2017.2020.


The Company has two agreements with major European financial institutions to sell certain trade receivables related to the Italy segment on a non-recourse basis. These receivables have been derecognized from the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The agreements have a three- and five-year duration, respectively, and are subject to early termination by either party. The aggregate amount of outstanding receivables is limited to a maximum amount of €300 million and €150 million for Scratch & Win and Commercial Services, respectively. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the following receivables had been sold: 
  December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017
(in thousands) euro $ euro $
Scratch & Win 128,515
 147,150
 175,848
 210,894
Commercial services 74,609
 85,427
 45,417
 54,469
  203,124
 232,577
 221,265
 265,363
In addition, the Company sold trade receivables on a non-recourse basis and derecognized $21.4 million and $18.6 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, primarily in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment.

The Company also sold $6.9 million and $34.2 million of certain outstanding customer financing receivables on a non-recourse basis at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

On March 29, 2017, the Company sold its Reno, Nevada facility for gross proceeds of $156.0 million and entered into an operating lease agreement with the buyer for a term of 15.5 years with four 5-year additional renewal periods exercisable at the Company's option.

Cash Flow Summary

The following table summarizes the statements of cash flows. A complete statement of cash flows is provided in the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein. 
 For the year ended December 31,Change
($ in millions)20212020$%
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations1,010 595 415 70 
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations(216)(233)17 
Net cash used in financing activities(1,898)(438)(1,460)> 200.0
Net cash flows of continuing operations(1,105)(76)
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities from discontinued operations(31)271 (302)(112)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations852 (35)887 > 200.0
Net cash flows from discontinued operations821 236 
  For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 
2017(1)
 
2016(1)
Net cash provided by operating activities 29,626
 663,388
 338,054
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (511,537) 295,566
 (339,441)
Net cash used in financing activities (311,545) (246,972) (312,139)
Net cash flows (793,456) 711,982
 (313,526)
(1) In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash ("ASU 2016-18") on a retrospective basis which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-18, net cash provided by operating activities and net cash (used in) provided by investing activities have been updated to remove the effects of restricted cash and cash equivalents for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Refer to "Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" included in "Item 18. Financial Statements" for the impact of adoption on the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows.




Analysis of Cash Flows
 
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities from Continuing Operations
Comparison of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017
During the year ended December 31, 2018,2021, the Company generated $29.6 million$1.0 billion of net cash fromprovided by operating activities a decrease of $633.8continuing operations, an increase of $415 million compared tofrom the year ended December 31, 2017. The decreaseprior corresponding period. This increase was principally attributed to:
A decrease of $633.4 million related to thean increase in upfront Italian license fee paymentsoperating income of $1.0 billion.

Non-cash adjustments to net income for the year ended December 31, 20182021 were $859 million, compared to $1.3 billion for the prior corresponding period. The principal drivers of the decrease in non-cash adjustments were related to a $296 million goodwill impairment incurred in the prior period, a decrease in foreign exchange of $375 million, and decreases in depreciation and amortization of $40 million in the aggregate for the year ended December 31, 2017;
A decrease of $99.82021. These decreases were partially offset by a $116 million increase in trade and other receivables, principally due to the timing of cash collections in the Italy segment;
A decrease of $49.0 million in accounts payable, primarily due to the timing of payments;
An increase of $72.6 million in cash operating income in the Italy segment;
An increase of $56.6 million indeferred income taxes, paid, principally associated witha $64 million increase in loss on the timingextinguishment of payments;debt, and a $42 million increase in stock-based compensation.
An increase of $33.3 million
Changes in cash operating income inassets and liabilities for the North America Lottery segment.

Comparison of the yearsyear ended December 31, 2017 and 20162021 decreased $230 million, from $126 million in the prior corresponding period.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities from Continuing Operations

During the year ended December 31, 2017,2021, the Company generated $663.4used $216 million of net cash for investing activities, a decrease of $17 million from operatingthe prior corresponding period. The decrease in net cash used in investing activities an increase of $325.3 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was principally due to:attributed
An increase
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Table of $420.6 million related to the decrease in upfront Italian license fee payments for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016;Contents
An increase of $127.7 million related to changes in inventories;
An increase of $33.5 million related to a decrease$16 million reduction in interest paid;
An increase of $30.8capital expenditures. Additionally, there was a $12 million in cash operating income in the International segment;
An increase of $17.9 million associated with the January 2017 sale of a pre-merger IGT receivable that was substantially fully reserved at the date of acquisition;
A decrease of $82.6 million in cash operating income in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, principally related to the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown; and
A decrease of $113.1 million related to the increase in income taxes paid, principally associated with the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown.

Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities
During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, net cash (used in) provided by investing activities were $(511.5) million, $295.6 million, and $(339.4) million, respectively.

Investing activities for 2018
Capital expenditures of $533.1 million. Refer to "Capital Expenditures" included within this section.

Investing activities for 2017
Proceeds from the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown, net of cash divested of $823.8 million;
Proceedsproceeds from the sale of assets, of $167.5partially offset by an $11 million principally related to the sale of the Company's Reno, Nevada facility; andreduction in other investing activities.
Capital expenditures of $698.0 million. Refer to "Capital Expenditures" included within this section.

Investing activities for 2016
Capital expenditures of $541.9 million. Refer to "Capital Expenditures" included within this section; and
Proceeds of $185.8 million, net from the sale of various assets including certain jackpot annuities and other assets. 


Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
During the yearsyear ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016,2021, the Company used $1.9 billion of net cash for financing activities, an increase of $1.5 billion from the prior corresponding period.

During 2021, cash flows used in financing activities were $311.5primarily included principal payments of long-term debt of $2.8 billion, $127 million $247.0in return of capital to non-controlling interests, dividends paid to non-controlling interests of $91 million, $85 million of payments in connection with the early extinguishment of debt, net payments of financial liabilities of $50 million, repurchases of common stock of $41 million, and $312.1 million, respectively.dividends paid to shareholders of $41 million. These cash outflows were partially offset by proceeds from long-term debt of $1.3 billion and net proceeds from short-term borrowings of $51 million.
FinancingDuring 2020, cash flows used in financing activities for 2018
The Company madeprimarily included principal payments on long-term debt of $1.900 billion, principally composed of:
Principal payments of $625.5 million on the 6.625% Senior Secured Notes due February 2018 upon maturity;
Principal payments of $600.0 million on the 5.625% Notes in connection with the redemption in September 2018;
Principal payments of $433.3 million the 4.125% Notes and the 4.750% Notes in connection with the repurchases in June 2018; and
Principal payments of $144.3 million on the 7.500% Notes in connection with the redemption in October 2018;
The Company$959 million, dividends paid to non-controlling interests of $136 million, dividends paid to shareholders of $163.2$41 million, to shareholders;
The Company paid $126.9 millionand return of dividends and returned $85.1$32 million of capital to non-controlling shareholders;shareholders. These cash outflows were partially offset by proceeds from long-term debt of $750 million and net receipts from financial liabilities of $67 million.

Net cash flows from discontinued operations

Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations was $31 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities from discontinued operations of $271 million for the prior corresponding period. Cash flows from operations from discontinued operations reflects the operating activities of our Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses.

During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses. At closing, the Company received net cash proceeds of $748 million and had receivables of €100 million and €125 million due December 31, 2021 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company received capital increases of $321.6 million from non-controlling interests primarily relatedthe payment due December 31, 2021 on August 5, 2021. Refer to “Notes to the Scratch & Win licenseConsolidated Financial Statements—Note 3. Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale”, included in Italy; andItem 18. “Financial Statements”.
The Company received proceeds of $1.688 billion from long term debt, primarily related to:
Proceeds of $577.7 million from the issuance of the €500 million 3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024 in June 2018;
Proceeds of $750.0 million from the issuance of the $750 million 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027 in September 2018; and
Net proceeds of $360.1 million from the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021.


Financing activities for 2017
The Company made principal payments on long-term debt of $1.754 billion composed of:
Principal payments of $938.2 million on the Term Loan Facilities due January 2019;
Principal payments of $355.7 million on the 7.500% Notes in connection with the repurchases in June 2017; and
Principal payments of $461.8 million principally related to the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021;
The Company paid dividends of $162.5 million to shareholders;
The Company paid $50.6 million of dividends and returned $52.4 million of capital to non-controlling shareholders;
The Company received capital increases of $107.5 million from redeemable non-controlling interests related to the new Lotto license in Italy; and
The Company received proceeds of $1.762 billion from the Term Loan Facility due January 2023.
Financing activities for 2016
 The Company made principal payments on long-term debt of $357.5 million;
The Company paid dividends of $161.2 million to shareholders;
The Company paid $32.7 million of dividends and returned $35.4 million of capital to non-controlling shareholders; and
The Company received $40.8 million and $215.7 million in capital contributions from non-controlling interests and redeemable non-controlling interests, respectively, principally related to the new Lotto license in Italy.


Capital Expenditures
 
Capital expenditures are principally composed of:


Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts;
Intangible assets; and
Property, plant and equipment;equipment.
Intangible assets; and
Investments in associates. 


The table below details total capital expenditures from continuing operations by operatingbusiness segment:
  For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
North America Gaming and Interactive (150,985) (147,804) (154,627)
North America Lottery (163,912) (196,930) (153,606)
International (61,218) (89,700) (82,662)
Italy (145,692) (257,586) (145,854)
Operating Segments (521,807) (692,020) (536,749)
Corporate Support (11,245) (5,990) (5,194)
  (533,052) (698,010) (541,943)
 For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Global Lottery(152)(176)(199)
Global Gaming(68)(65)(157)
Digital & Betting(13)(11)(13)
Business Segment Total(232)(252)(368)
Corporate and Other(6)(3)(9)
 (238)(255)(377)
 
North America Gaming and InteractiveGlobal Lottery
 
Capital expenditures for 20182021 of $151.0$152 million principally consist of:consisted of $115 million for investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, including systems and equipment deployed in Michigan, Nebraska, New York, New Jersey, and Georgia; investments in intangible assets of $29 million; and investments in property, plant and equipment of $8 million.
Investments
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Capital expenditures for 2020 of $176 million principally consisted of $137 million for investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, including systems and equipment deployed in New Jersey, California, Michigan, Mississippi, and Kentucky; investments in intangible assets of $24 million; and investments in property, plant and equipment of $12 million.

Capital expenditures for 2019 of $199 million principally consisted of $161 million for investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, including systems and equipment deployed in New Jersey, California, Florida, Michigan, Texas, and South Dakota; investments in intangible assets of $31 million; and investments in property, plant and equipment of $7 million.

Global Gaming

Capital expenditures for 2021 of $68 million principally consisted of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with customers in North America of $139.7 million; and
Investments in property, plant and equipment of $10.8$49 million.
Capital expenditures for 20172020 of $147.8$65 million principally consist of:
Investmentsconsisted of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with customers in North America of $125.1 million; and
Investments in property, plant and equipment of $22.0$47 million.
Capital expenditures for 20162019 of $154.6$157 million principally consist of:
Investmentsconsisted of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with customers in North America of $106.8 million;$135 million, and other customers, principally in Europe, Africa, and Mexico, of $14 million.
Investments in property, plant and equipment of $25.5 million; and
Investments in intangible assets of $22.3 million related to interactive offerings.

North America Lottery
Digital & Betting
Capital expenditures for 20182021 of $163.9$13 million principally consist of:
Investmentsconsisted of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with PlaySports customers of $158.7$11 million including systems and equipment deployed in California, New York, Rhode Island, South Carolina, West Virginia and Florida.

PlayCasino customers of $2 million.
Capital expenditures for 20172020 of $196.9$11 million principally consist of:
Investmentsconsisted of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with PlaySports customers of $194.8$8 million including systems and equipment deployed in Florida, Virginia, Georgia and North Carolina.
PlayCasino customers of $3 million.
Capital expenditures for 20162019 of $153.6$13 million principally consist of:
Investmentsconsisted of investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts with PlaySports customers of $140.3$8 million and PlayCasino customers of $4 million.

Tabular Disclosure of Cash Requirements
At December 31, 2021, the Company’s material cash requirements are as follows: 
 Payments due by period
($ in millions)TotalLess than 1 year1-3 years3-5 yearsMore than 5 years
Long-term debt (1)
6,525 — 853 3,152 2,519 
Jackpot liabilities (2)
223 66 49 29 79 
Operating leases (3)
410 57 100 82 170 
Finance leases (4)
41 11 15 11 
Total7,199 134 1,017 3,274 2,772 
(1) Long-term debt consists of the principal amount of long-term debt, including systemscurrent portion, as included in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—15. Debt” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.” Certain of the Company’s long-term debt is denominated in euros.
(2) Jackpot liabilities are composed of payments due to previous winners and future winners.
(3) Operating leases principally relate to leases for facilities and equipment deployedused in North Carolina, Washington, Wisconsin and Indiana; andthe Company’s business. The amounts presented include the imputed interest to the counterparties.

The July 2016 acquisition of Hudson Alley Software, Inc., a provider of lottery sales force automation and lottery retailer engagement applications, of $4.9 million.

International
Capital expenditures for 2018 of $61.2 million(4) Finance leases principally consist of:of the Company’s facility in Providence, Rhode Island and communications equipment used in its business. The amounts presented include the imputed interest to the counterparties.
Investment in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts of $59.0 million including systems and equipment deployed in Greece, Africa, Mexico, Poland and the United Kingdom.

Capital expenditures for 2017 of $89.7 million principally consist of:Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Investment in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts of $73.2 million including systems and equipment deployed in Greece, Sweden, Colombia and Poland; and
Acquisitions of $11.6 million.

Capital expenditures for 2016 of $82.7 million principally consist of:
Investment in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts of $75.2 million including systems and equipment deployed in Argentina, Colombia, Africa and Mexico.

Italy
Capital expenditures for 2018 of $145.7 million principally consist of:
Investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts of $89.0 million principally for Lotto and Machine Gaming; and
Investments in intangible assets of $52.2 million principally related to software, sports and horse racing betting rights and licenses.
Capital expenditures for 2017 of $257.6 million principally consist of:
Investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts of $188.3 million principally for Lotto and Machine Gaming; and
Investments in intangible assets of $58.0 million principally related to software and licenses.

Capital expenditures for 2016 of $145.9 million principally consist of:
Investments in systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts of $91.8 million principally for Machine Gaming and Lotto;
Investments in intangible assets of $46.1 million principally related to software, customer contracts and licenses; and
Acquisitions of $7.9 million.

C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

To remain competitive, the Company invests resources toward its R&D efforts to introduce new and innovative games with dynamic features to attract new customers and retain existing customers. The Company's R&D efforts cover multiple creative and engineering disciplines, including creative game content, hardware, electrical, systems and software for lottery, land-based, online social, and online real-money applications.

R&D costs include salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation, consultants' fees, facilities-related costs, material costs, depreciation, and travel and are expensed as incurred.
The Company devotes substantial resources on R&D and incurred $263.3 million, $313.1 million and $343.5 million of related expenses in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

D.Trend Information
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

E.Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company has the following off-balance sheet arrangements:
 
Performance and other bonds
 
In connection with certainCertain contracts and procurements, the Company deliveredrequire us to provide a surety bond as a guarantee of performance bonds for the benefit of customers andcustomers; bid and litigation bonds for the benefit of potential customers. customers; and WAP bonds that are used to secure our financial liability when a player elects to have their WAP jackpot winnings paid over an extended period of time.
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These bonds give the beneficiarybeneficiaries the right to obtain payment and/or performance from the issuer of the bond if certain specified events occur. In the case of performance bonds, which generally have a term of one year, such events include the Company'sour failure to perform itsour obligations under the applicable contract. The following table provides information related to potential commitmentscontract(s). In general, we would only be liable for bonds outstanding at December 31, 2018:  
($ thousands)Total bonds
Performance bonds480,744
Wide Area Progressive bonds240,560
Bid and litigation bonds38,411
All other bonds3,154
762,869
these guarantees in the event of default in our performance of our obligations under each contract, the probability of which we believe is remote.
 
Letters of Credit
 
The Parent and certain of its subsidiaries may obtain letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 20212024 and under senior unsecured uncommitted demand credit facilities. The letters of credit secure various obligations, including obligations arising under customer contracts and real estate leases. The following table summarizes the letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 and the weighted averageweighted-average annual cost of such letters of credit:

($ in millions)
Letters of Credit Outstanding (1)
Weighted- 
Average
Annual Cost
December 31, 2021335 1.08 %
December 31, 2020427 1.06 %
(1) Represents letters of credit outstanding not under the Revolving Credit Facilities.

C.Research and Development, Patents, and Licenses, etc.
  Letters of Credit Outstanding  
($ thousands) 
Not under the
Revolving Credit
Facilities
 
Under the
Revolving Credit
Facilities
 Total 
Weighted 
Average
Annual Cost
December 31, 2018 453,719
 
 453,719
 0.98%
December 31, 2017 510,962
 
 510,962
 1.02%


To remain competitive, the Company invests resources toward its R&D efforts to introduce new and innovative games with dynamic features to attract new customers and retain existing customers. The Company’s R&D efforts cover multiple creative and engineering disciplines, including creative game content, hardware, electrical, systems, and software for lottery, land-based, online social, and digital real-money applications.
Loxley GTECH Technology Co., LTD Guarantee
R&D costs, which principally include employee compensation costs, are expensed as incurred.

The Company devotes substantial resources to R&D and incurred $238 million, $191 million, and $266 million of related expenses in 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

D.Trend Information
See “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — A. Operating Results” and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — B. Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

E.Critical Accounting Estimates
The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP which require the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the carrying amount of assets and liabilities and the amounts of income and expenses recognized. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on information available at the date that the financial statements are prepared, on historical experience, judgments, and assumptions considered to be reasonable and realistic.
 
The Company hasperiodically continuously reviews estimates and assumptions. Actual results for those areas requiring management judgment or estimates may differ from those recorded in the consolidated financial statements due to the occurrence of events and the uncertainties which characterize the assumptions and conditions on which the estimates are based.

The areas that require greater subjectivity of management in making estimates and judgments and where a 49% interestchange in Loxley GTECH Technology Co., LTD (“LGT”). LGT issuch underlying assumptions could have a joint venture that was formedsignificant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements are fully described in “Notes to provide an online lottery systemthe Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in Thailand.“Item 18. Financial Statements.” Certain critical accounting estimates are discussed below.    

Revenue Recognition
 

Application of GAAP related to the measurement and recognition of revenue requires us to make judgments and estimates. Specifically, complex arrangements with nonstandard terms and conditions may require significant contract interpretation to determine the appropriate accounting, including whether promised goods and services specified in an arrangement are distinct performance obligations. Other significant judgments include determining whether the Company is acting as the principal in a transaction and whether separate contracts should be combined and considered part of one arrangement.
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Revenue recognition is also impacted by our ability to determine when a contract is probable of collection and to estimate variable consideration, including, for example, rebates, volume discounts, service-level penalties, and performance bonuses. We consider various factors when making these judgments, including a review of specific transactions, historical experience and market and economic conditions. Evaluations are conducted each quarter to assess the adequacy of the estimates.

The Company recognized service and product revenues of $3.5 billion and $606 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company often enters into contracts with customers that consist of a combination of services and products that are accounted for as one or more distinct performance obligations. Management applies judgment in identifying and evaluating the contractual terms and conditions that impact the identification of performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition. The Company’s revenue recognition policy, which requires significant judgments and estimates, is fully described in “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements.”

Goodwill Valuation

The process of evaluating potential impairments related to goodwill requires the application of significant judgment. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If an event occurs that would cause revisions to the estimates and assumptions used in analyzing the fair value of goodwill, the revision could result in a non-cash impairment loss that could have a material impact on financial results.

Companies have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the fair value of a reporting unit is not “more likely than not” less than its carrying amount, which is commonly referred to as “Step 0”. In performing the Step 0 analysis, the Company considers macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, current and forecasted financial performance, entity-specific events, and changes in the composition or carrying amount of net assets of reporting units for goodwill. In addition, the Company takes into consideration the amount of excess of fair value over carrying value determined in the last quantitative analysis that was performed, as well as the period of time that has guaranteed, alongpassed since the last quantitative analysis. If the Step 0 analysis indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying amount, the Company would proceed to a quantitative analysis.

Under the quantitative analysis, which is commonly referred to as “Step 1”, the goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of the Company’s three reporting units (which are the same as its reportable segments) with their carrying amounts and an impairment loss is recognized for the 51% shareholderamount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. In performing the quantitative analysis, the Company estimates the fair value of the reporting units using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows. Estimating the fair value of reporting units requires the Company’s management to use its judgment in LGT, performance bonds providedmaking estimates and making forecasts that are based on behalfa number of LGT by an unrelated commercial lender. factors including forecasted revenue, forecasted operating profits, terminal growth rates, and weighted-average costs of capital.

The performance bonds relateCompany completed the annual impairment testing in the fourth quarter, where we assessed our Global Gaming, Global Lottery and Digital & Betting reporting units using Step 0. We determined that no further testing was required based on the substantial cushion of fair value over carrying value for each reporting unit and no significant changes in conditions, since the last quantitative analysis, that would indicate for each reporting unit that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than the carrying amount.

Additional details surrounding goodwill can be found in the “Notes to LGT’s performancethe Consolidated Financial Statements - 13. Goodwill” included in “Item 18. Financial Statements”.

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Safe Harbor Statement under the July 2005 contract between the Government Lottery OfficePrivate Securities Litigation Reform Act of Thailand and LGT should such contract become operational. The Company is jointly and severally liable with the other shareholder in LGT for this guarantee. There is no scheduled termination date for the guarantee obligation. At December 31, 2018, the maximum liability under the guarantee was Baht 375 million ($11.6 million). The Company does not have any obligation related to this guarantee because the July 2005 contract to provide the online lottery system is not in operation due to continuing political instability in Thailand.1995

F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes payments due under the Company's significant contractual commitments at December 31, 2018: 
  Payments by calendar year
Description 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 and
thereafter
 Total
4.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 
 501,058
 
 
 
 
 501,058
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due March 2020 
 444,146
 
 
 
 
 444,146
5.500% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020 
 27,311
 
 
 
 
 27,311
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due February 2022 
 
 
 1,500,000
 
 
 1,500,000
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due February 2023 
 
 
 
 973,250
 
 973,250
5.350% Senior Secured Notes due October 2023 
 
 
 
 60,567
 
 60,567
3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024 
 
 
 
 
 572,500
 572,500
6.500% Senior Secured Notes due February 2025 
 
 
 
 
 1,100,000
 1,100,000
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027 
 
 
 
 
 750,000
 750,000
Senior Secured Notes, long-term 
 972,515
 
 1,500,000
 1,033,817
 2,422,500
 5,928,832
               
Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021 
 
 428,158
 
 
 
 428,158
Term Loan Facility due January 2023 
 366,400
 366,400
 366,400
 618,300
 
 1,717,500
Total Debt (1)
 
 1,338,915
 794,558
 1,866,400
 1,652,117
 2,422,500
 8,074,490
               
Capital Leases (2)
 8,946
 8,304
 7,499
 5,809
 6,097
 2,978
 39,633
Operating Leases (3)
 69,690
 56,204
 46,092
 41,324
 38,155
 204,216
 455,681
Total 78,636
 1,403,423
 848,149
 1,913,533
 1,696,369
 2,629,694
 8,569,804
(1) Amounts presented relate to the principal amount of long-term debt and exclude the related interest expense that will be paid when due, fair value adjustments, discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs.
(2) Capital leases consist principally of the Company's facility in Providence, Rhode Island and communications equipment used in its business. The amounts presented include the interest component of the payments to the counterparties.
(3) Operating lease obligations principally relate to leases for facilities and equipment used in the Company's business. The amounts reported above include the minimum rental and payment commitments due under such leases.




G.
Safe Harbor Statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
 
This annual report on Form 20-F includes forward-looking statements (including within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) concerning the Company and other matters. These statements may discuss goals, intentions, and expectations as to future plans, trends, events, dividends, results of operations, or financial condition, or otherwise, based on current beliefs of the management of the Company as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, such management. Forward-looking statements may be accompanied by words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “shall,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “future,” “guidance,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project”“project,” or the negative or other variations of them. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made and are subject to various risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside the Company’s control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those predicted in the forward-looking statements and from past results, performance, or achievements. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include (but are not limited to):


the possibility that the Parent will be unable to pay future dividends to shareholders or that the amount of such dividends may be less than anticipated;
the length, duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, including any new variants of the coronavirus, and the response of governments, including government-mandated property closures and travel restrictions;
the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations or the operations of our customers and suppliers;
the possibility that the Company may not achieve its anticipated financial results in one or more future periods;
reductions in customer spending;
a slowdown in customer payments and changes in customer demand for products and services as a result of changing
economic conditions or otherwise;
unanticipated changes relating to competitive factors in the industries in which the Company operates;
the Company’s ability to hire and retain key personnel;
the Company’s ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers in the manner anticipated;
the impact of supply chain constraints on the Company’s ability to meet demand for its products;
an increase in costs resulting from supply chain constraints, including, but not limited to, increases in input costs, labor costs and freight costs, among others;
reliance on and integration of information technology systems;
changes in legislation, governmental regulations, or the enforcement thereof that could affect the Company;
enforcement of an interpretation of the Wire Act in such a manner as to prohibit or limit activities in which the Company and its customers are engaged;
international, national, or local economic, social, or political conditions that could adversely affect the Company or its customers;
conditions in the credit markets;
risks associated with assumptions the Company makes in connection with its critical
accounting estimates;
the resolution of pending and potential future legal, regulatory, or tax proceedings and investigations; and
the Company’s international operations, which are subject to the risks of currency fluctuations and foreign
exchange controls.
 
The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties that affect the Company’s business, including those described in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors”Factors and other documents filed by the Parent from time to time with the SEC. Except as required under applicable law, the Company does not assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements. Nothing in this annual report is intended, or is to be construed, as a profit forecast or to be interpreted to mean that earnings per share of the Parent for the current or any future financial years will necessarily match or exceed the historical published earnings per share of the Parent, as applicable. All forward-looking statements contained in this annual report on Form 20-F are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.



58

Directors, Senior Management and Employees

A.
Directors and Senior Management
Item 6.Directors, Senior Management, and Employees
The Board currently
A.Directors and Senior Management

As of February 24, 2022, the Parent’s board of directors (the “Board”) consists of 1012 directors. Seven of the current directors were determined by the Board to be independent under the listing standards and rules of the NYSE, as required by the Articles.Articles of Association of the Parent (the “Articles”). For a director to be independent under the listing standards of the NYSE, the Board must affirmatively determine that the director has no material relationship with the Company (either directly or as a partner, stockholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with the Company). The Board has made an affirmative determination that the members of the Board so designated in the table below meet the standards for “independence” set forth in the Parent'sParent’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and applicable NYSE rules. The Articles require that for as long as the Parent’s ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE, the Parent will comply with all NYSE corporate governance standards set forth in Section 3 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual applicable to non-controlled domestic U.S. issuers, regardless of whether the Parent is a foreign private issuer.
 
At February 28, 2019,24, 2022, the Parent's directors, and certain senior managers, and the senior consultant are as set forth below:
NamePosition
Lorenzo PellicioliMarco Sala(1)
ChairpersonExecutive Chair of the Board; Non-executiveExecutive Director
James F. McCannVice-Chairperson of the Board; Lead Independent Director; Non-executive Director
Paget L. AlvesMassimiliano ChiaraIndependent Non-executive Director
Alberto DessyIndependent Non-executive Director
Marco Drago(1)
Non-executive Director
Patti S. HartIndependent Non-executive Director
Heather J. McGregorIndependent Non-executive Director
Vincent L. SaduskyIndependent Non-executive Director
Marco SalaDirector, and Chief Executive Officer
Gianmario Tondato da RuosIndependent Non-executive Director
Renato Ascoli
Chief Executive Officer, North America(2)
Walter BugnoChief Executive Officer, International
Fabio CairoliChief Executive Officer, Italy
Fabio CeladonSenior Vice President, Gaming Portfolio
Mario Di LoretoExecutive Vice President, People & Transformation
Alberto FornaroExecutive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Scott GunnAlberto DessyIndependent Non-executive Director
Marco Drago(1)
Non-executive Director
Ashley M. Hunter(2)
Independent Non-executive Director
Heather J. McGregorIndependent Non-executive Director
Lorenzo Pellicioli(1)
Non-executive Director
Maria Pinelli(2)
Independent Non-executive Director
Samantha F. RavichIndependent Non-executive Director
Vincent L. Sadusky(3)
Director and Chief Executive Officer
Gianmario Tondato da RuosIndependent Non-executive Director
Renato AscoliChief Executive Officer, Global Gaming
Fabio CairoliChief Executive Officer, Global Lottery
Fabio CeladonExecutive Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development
Dorothy CostaSenior Vice President, ofPeople & Transformation
Enrico DragoChief Executive Officer, Digital & Betting
Scott GunnSenior Vice President, Corporate Public Affairs
Wendy MontgomerySenior Vice President, of Global Brand, Marketing, Communications and CommunicationsSustainability
Robert VincentTimothy M. Rishton
Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer
Christopher SpearsExecutive Vice President, for Administrative Services and External Relations(3)General Counsel
Robert Vincent(4)
Chairperson of IGT Global Solutions Corporation
(1)Messrs. Sala and Pellicioli were chief executive officer and chairperson of the Board of the Parent, respectively, until January 24, 2022. Messrs. Pellicioli and Marco Drago are the chief executive officer and chairperson of the board, respectively, of De Agostini.
(2) The Chief Executive Officer, North America, is Mr. Sala was appointed to the Chief Executive Officerboard of NAGI and NALO.
(3) Effective April 8, 2019,De Agostini in June 2020. B&D Holding S.p.A., the controlling shareholder of De Agostini, has announced that Mr. VincentSala will be leaving his roleproposed at the June 2022 meeting of the corporate bodies of De Agostini as Executive Vice President for Administrative Servicesthe next CEO of De Agostini, replacing Mr. Pellicioli, who is retiring from the position.
(2) Ms. Hunter and External Relations to becomeMs. Pinelli were appointed as independent non-executive directors of the chairpersonBoard of the Parent effective January 14, 2022.
(3) Mr. Sadusky was an independent non-executive director of the Board of the Parent, and chair of the Audit Committee, until January 14, 2022. He was appointed chief executive officer of the Parent effective January 24, 2022.
(4) IGT Global Solutions Corporation is the primary operating subsidiary for the Company’s U.S. lottery business. In that capacity, Mr. Vincent will serveVincent’s title is honorary and he serves as a senior consultant to Mr. SalaSadusky and the rest of the Company'sCompany’s senior leadership team.


On May 16, 2018, the Parent's directorsBoard approved anthe observer agreement (the “Observer Agreement”) between De Agostini and the Company permitting De Agostini to appoint an observer to attend meetings of the Parent'sParent’s directors. On May 17, 2018,Effective November 15, 2021, the Observer Agreement was renewed for a new two-year term and Paolo Ceretti, a former director of the Parent, acknowledged and agreed to his renewed appointment by De Agostini as an observer pursuant to the terms of the Observer Agreement. The Observer Agreement expires following the meeting of the Parent'sParent’s directors at which the financial results for the third quarter of 20192023 are reviewed.
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Table of Contents
Directors
Lorenzo PellicioliMarco Sala, 67,62, has served as Chairpersonthe Executive Chair of the Board since November 2018, before whichJanuary 2022. Prior to this, he served as Vice-Chairpersona member of the Board since the formationand Chief Executive Officer of the Company in April 2015. From August 2006since its admission to the formation of the Company, Mr. Pellicioli servedlisting on the GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group) board of directors as Chairman from August 2006 to April 2015.NYSE in 2015 through January 2022. Before then and since 2009, Mr. Pellicioli hasSala served as Chief Executive Officer of De Agostini S.p.A. since November 2005.

Mr. Pellicioli started his career as a journalist for the newspaper Giornale Di Bergamo and afterwards he became Bergamo TV Programmes Vice President. From 1978 to 1984, he held different posts in the sector of the Italian private television for Manzoni Pubblicità, Publikompass up to his nomination as Rete4 General Manager. In 1984, he joined the Gruppo Mondadori Espresso, the first Italian publishing group. He was initially appointed General Manager for Advertising Sales and Mondadori Periodici (magazines) Vice General Manager and afterwards President and CEO of Manzoni & C. S.p.A, advertising rep of the Group.

From 1990 to 1997, he was appointed first President and CEO of Costa Cruise Lines in Miami, being part of Costa Crociere Group operating in the North American market (USA, Canada and Mexico) and then became Worldwide General Manager of Costa Crociere S.p.A., based in Genoa. From 1995 to 1997 he was also appointed President and CEO of the Compagnie Francaise de Croisières (Costa-Paquet), the Paris-based subsidiary of Costa Crociere.

In 1997, he took part to the privatization of SEAT Pagine Gialle purchased by a group of financial investors. After the acquisition he was appointed CEO of SEAT. In February 2000, he also managed the “Internet Business Unit” of the Telecom Italia Group following the sale of SEAT. In September 2001, following the acquisition of Telecom Italia by the Pirelli Group, he resigned. Since November 2005 he has been CEO of the De Agostini Group, an Italian financial group with ownership in the publishing sector (De Agostini Editore), games and lotteries (IGT), media and communications (Atresmedia - Spanish television leader, Banijay Group - a leading company in the production and distribution of television and media content) and financial investments (DeA Capital).

He is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of DeA Capital, a member of the Board of Directors of Assicurazioni Generalipredecessor GTECH S.p.A., and a member of (formerly Lottomatica Group). Prior to the Advisory Board of Palamon Capital Partners. He was formerly also a member ofCompany's admission to the Boards of Directors of Enel, INA-Assitalia, and Toro Assicurazioni and oflisting on the Advisory Board of Lehman Brothers Merchant Banking.

On April 3, 2017 he was honored with the title of
Chevalier dans l’ordre de la Légion d’Honneur.
James F. McCann, 67, hasNYSE in 2015, Mr. Sala served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is currently the Vice Chairperson, Lead Independent Director and is Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. He is the Chairman of 1-800-Flowers.com, Inc., and previously served as Chief Executive Officer, a position he held since 1976. Mr. McCann serves as director and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of Willis Towers Watson. He previously served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Willis Towers WatsonLottomatica since January 4, 2016. Previously2003, when he served as Director (2004-2015) and non-executive Chairman (2013-2015) of Willis Group Holdings PLC (“Willis Group”). Prior to serving as the non-executive Chairman of the board of Willis Group, he served as the company’s presiding independent director. Mr. McCann also serves as a director for Scott’s Miracle-Gro.

He previously served as a director and compensation committee member of Lottomatica S.p.A. (from August 2006 to April 2011), and as a director of Gateway, Inc. and The Boyds Collection, Ltd.
Paget L. Alves, 64, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is a member of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Alves served on the International Game Technology board of directors since January 2010. He served as Chief Sales Officer of Sprint Corporation, a wireless and wireline communications services provider (“Sprint”), from January 2012 to September 2013 after serving as President of the Business Markets Group since 2009. From 2003 to 2009, Mr. Alves held various positions at Sprint, including President, Sales and Distribution from 2008 to 2009; President, South Region, from 2006 to 2008; Senior Vice President, Enterprise Markets, from 2005 to 2006; and President, Strategic Markets from 2003 to 2005. Between 2000 and 2003, Mr. Alves served as President and Chief Executive Officer of PointOne Telecommunications Inc., and President and Chief Operating Officer of Centennial Communications. He currently serves on the board of directors of YUM! Brands and Synchrony Financial.

Mr. Alves previously served on the board of directors of GTECH Holdings Corporation (2005-2006), and Herman Miller, Inc. (2008-2010). Mr. Alves earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial and Labor Relations and a Juris Doctor degree from Cornell University.

Alberto Dessy, 66, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company in April 2015 and is a member of the Compensation Committee. From 2011 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Dessy served on the board of directors of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group). He is currently a Professor at Bocconi University. Mr. Dessy is a Chartered Accountant who specializes in corporate finance, particularly the evaluation of companies, trademarks, equity and investments, financial structure, channels and loan instruments, funding for development and in acquisitions and disposals of companies. He has been an expert witness for parties to lawsuits and as an independent expert appointed by the court in various legal disputes.

He has previously served on the boards of many companies, both listed and unlisted, including Chiorino S.p.A., Redaelli Tecna S.p.A., Laika Caravans S.p.A., Premuda S.p.A., I.M.A., Milano Centro S.p.A., and DeA Capital S.p.A. Mr. Dessy graduated from Bocconi University and a member of the distinguished faculty in corporate finance at the SDA Bocconi School of Management.
Marco Drago, 73, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company in April 2015. From 2002 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Drago served on the board of directors of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group). Since 1997, Mr. Drago has been the Chairman of De Agostini, one of Italy’s largest family-run groups. From July 2018 he is the President of The Board of Directors of B&D Holding S.p.A. (formerly B&D Holding di Marco Drago e C.S.a.p.A., of which he was President of the Board of Partners since 2006). He is also Vice President of Planeta De Agostini Group, Director of Atresmedia, IGT PLC, DeA Capital S.p.A., De Agostini Editore S.p.A., S. Faustin (Techint Group) and member of the Assonime’s board of governors.

Mr. Drago graduated in Economics and Business at Università Bocconi in Milan in 1969. He started his career that same year in the family company joining Istituto Geografico De Agostini. In 1997 he replaced Achille Boroli as Chairman of De Agostini Holding SpA, having previously served as Executive Officer and Managing Director. He has received important awards such as “Bocconiano dell’anno” in 2001, and was made “Cavaliere del Lavoro” in 2003.
Patti S. Hart, 62, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. From June 2006 to the formation of the Company, Ms. Hart served on the board of directors of International Game Technology, where she also served as CEO from April 2009 to April 2015 and President from April 2009 until July 2011. Prior to joining International Game Technology, Ms. Hart served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of each of Pinnacle Systems Inc. from 2004 to 2005, Excite@Home Inc. from 2001 to 2002, and Telocity Inc. from 1999 to 2001. Ms. Hart also held various positions at Sprint Corporation, including President and Chief Operating Officer, Long Distance Division. Ms. Hart has served on numerous public company boards, including Yahoo! Inc. (2010-2012), LIN TV Corp. (2006-2009), Spansion Inc. (2005-2008), and Korn/Ferry International Inc. (2000-2009). She served on the board of the American Gaming Association from 2009 to 2016.

Ms. Hart earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration with an emphasis in Marketing and Economics from Illinois State University.
Heather J. McGregor, 56, was appointed to the Board in March of 2017 and is a member of the Audit Committee. She is the Executive Dean of the Edinburgh Business School, the graduate school of business of Heriot Watt University in the U.K. Professor McGregor is also the principal shareholder and non-executive chairman of the executive search firm Taylor Bennett. In addition, Professor McGregor is a director of Non-Standard Finance PLC, a company specializing in offering consumer loans in the U.K. Professor McGregor has a Ph.D. from the University of Hong Kong in Structured Finance and is an experienced writer and broadcaster, including writing for the Financial Times for 17 years. Professor McGregor is also the founder of the Taylor Bennett Foundation, which works to promote diversity in the communications industry, and a founding member of the steering committee of the 30% Club, which is working to raise the representation of women at senior levels within the U.K.’s publicly listed companies.

In June 2015, Professor McGregor was made a Commander of the British Empire for her services to diversity and employment. In February 2017, she was appointed by the U.K. Government to be a member of the Honours Committee for the Economy.
Vincent L. Sadusky, 53, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is Chair of the Audit Committee. Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Sadusky served on the International Game Technology board of directors from July 2010 to April 2015. He is Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Univision Communications Inc. He served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Media General, Inc., one of the nation’s largest multimedia companies, from December 2014 until January 2017, following the company’s merger with LIN Media LLC. Mr. Sadusky served as President and Chief Executive Officer of LIN Media LLC from 2006 to 2014 and was Chief Financial Officer from 2004 to 2006. Prior to joining LIN Media LLC, he held several management positions, including Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, at Telemundo Communications, Inc. from 1994 to 2004, and from 1987 to 1994, he performed attestation and consulting services with Ernst & Young, LLP. Mr. Sadusky formerly served on the board of directors of Hemisphere Media Group, Inc. Previously, he served on the Open Mobile Video Coalition, to which he served as President from 2011 until its integration into the National Association of Broadcasters in January 2013. He formerly served on the boards of directors of JVB Financial Group, LLC, Maximum Service Television, Inc., Media General, Inc. and NBC Affiliates.

Mr. Sadusky earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Pennsylvania State University where he was a University Scholar. He earned a Master of Business Administration degree from the New York Institute of Technology.

Marco Sala, 59, has served on the Board and as Chief Executive Officer of the Parent since the formation of the Company. From 2009 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Sala served as Chief Executive Officer of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group), where he served as a member of the board of directors from 2003 to the formation of the Company. Mr. Sala joined GTECH S.p.A. as Co-General Manager, in 2003, and in August 2006, he wasbefore being appointed Managing Director with responsibility for the Company’s Italian Operations and other European activities. He was named Chief Executive Officer of GTECH S.p.A. in April 2009 with responsibility for overseeing all of the Company’s segments, including the Americas, International, Italy, and Products and Services.activities since 2006.

In June 2020, Mr. Sala was appointed to the Board of Directors of De Agostini. He is also a member of the boardBoard of directorsDirectors of Save the Children Italia, the Italian extension of the worldwide non-profit organization, and a member of the Board of Directors of the Rome Biomedical Campus University Foundation, a non-profit organization in charge of promoting scientific research and of supporting the Biomedical Campus University of Rome. Until June 2019, Mr. Sala served as a member of the Board of Directors of OPAP S.A., a Greek gaming and sports betting operator.


Before joining the Company, he served as Chief Executive Officer of Buffetti, Italy’s leading office equipment and supply retail chain. Prior to Buffetti, Mr. Sala served as Head of the Italian Business Directories Division for SEAT Pagine Gialle. He was later promoted to Head of Business Directories with responsibility for a number of international companies, such as Thomson (Great Britain), Euredit (France), and Kompass (Italy). Earlier in his career, he worked as Head of the Spare Parts Divisions at Magneti Marelli (a Fiat Group company) and soon after he became Head of the Lubricants Divisions. Additionally, he held various marketing positions at Kraft Foods. Mr. Sala graduated from Bocconi University in Milan (Italy), majoring in Business and Economics.
James F. McCann, 70, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is currently the Vice Chairperson, Lead Independent Director and is Chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. He is the Chairman of 1-800-Flowers.com, Inc., and previously served as Chief Executive Officer, a position he held since 1976. He is also Chairman and CEO of Clarim Acquisition, a blank check company targeting consumer-facing e-commerce which was founded in 2020. Mr. McCann previously served as director and Chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee of Willis Towers Watson until his retirement in May 2019. He previously served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Willis Towers Watson from January 4, 2016 to January 1, 2019. Previously he served as Director (2004-2015) and non-executive Chairman (2013-2015) of Willis Group Holdings PLC (“Willis Group”). Prior to serving as the non-executive Chairman of the board of Willis Group, he served as the company’s presiding independent director. Mr. McCann has served on the board of Amyris, Inc. since 2019, including as a member of the Audit Committee and the Operations and Finance Committee.

He previously served as a director and compensation committee member of Lottomatica S.p.A. (from August 2006 to April 2011), and as a director of Gateway, Inc., The Boyds Collection, Ltd and Scott’s Miracle-Gro.
Massimiliano Chiara, 53, has served on the Board of Directors, and as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, since April 2020. Before joining the Company, Mr. Chiara served as Chief Financial Officer of CNH Industrial since September 2013. Max was also named the Chief Sustainability Officer at CNH Industrial in 2016, and he also served as head of Mergers & Acquisitions for CNH Industrial from 2017. Between 2009 and 2013, Mr. Chiara served in various positions with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (and its predecessors) as Chief Financial Officer and Head of Business Development in Latin America, Vice President of Financial Planning and Analysis and Business Development Finance, VP Finance Brands and Marketing Controller, and served as Director of Business Development Finance for its engine business unit Fiat Powertrain between 2007 and 2009. Earlier in his career, Mr. Chiara held various managerial roles at Teksid Aluminum, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Robert Bosch, the Wuerth Group, and was a M&A financial analyst with Dresdner Kleinwort Benson.

Mr. Chiara graduated from the Luigi Bocconi University in Milan (Italy), with a degree in Business Administration Cum Laude, and has a CEMS Master’s degree in International Management from the Bocconi University (with the University of Cologne in Germany as host school). Mr. Chiara also held the position of Chairman of the Italian Association of Corporate Treasurers (AITI) for the years 2004-2007.
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Table of Contents
Alberto Dessy, 69, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company in April 2015 and is a member of the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. He is currently a Professor at Bocconi University. Mr. Dessy is a Chartered Accountant who specializes in corporate finance, particularly the evaluation of companies, trademarks, equity and investments, financial structure, channels and loan instruments, funding for development and in acquisitions and disposals of companies. He has been an expert witness for parties to lawsuits and as an independent expert appointed by the court in various legal disputes.

He has previously served on the boards of many companies, both listed and unlisted, including Chiorino S.p.A., Redaelli Tecna S.p.A., Laika Caravans S.p.A., Premuda S.p.A., I.M.A. S.p.A., Milano Centro S.p.A., and DeA Capital S.p.A. Mr. Dessy graduated from Bocconi University in Milan (Italy) and is a member of the distinguished faculty in corporate finance at the SDA Bocconi School of Management.
Marco Drago, 76, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company in April 2015. From 2002 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Drago served on the board of directors of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group). Since 1997, Mr. Drago has been the Chairman of De Agostini, one of Italy’s largest family-run groups. Since July 2018 he has been the President of The Board of Directors of B&D Holding S.p.A. (formerly B&D Holding di Marco Drago e C.S.a.p.A., of which he had been President of the Board of Partners since 2006). He is also Vice Chairman of Planeta De Agostini Group, Director of Atresmedia, Honorary Chairman of De Agostini Editore S.p.A. and member of the S. Faustin (Techint Group) board.

Mr. Drago graduated in Economics and Business at Bocconi University in Milan (Italy) in 1969. He started his career that same year in the family company joining Istituto Geografico De Agostini. In 1997 he replaced Achille Boroli as Chairman of De Agostini Holding S.p.A., having previously served as Executive Officer and Managing Director. He has received important awards such as “Bocconiano dell’anno” in 2001, and was made “Cavaliere del Lavoro” in 2003.

Mr. Drago is the father of Enrico Drago, CEO, Digital & Betting.
Ashley M. Hunter, 42, was appointed to the Board in January 2022 and is a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. She has been a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin School of Information since 2015, and is the founding partner of A. Hunter & Company, a leading risk management advisory firm. Previously, she was managing director of HM Risk Group LLC where she assisted many startups and corporations with alternative risk transfer schemes and reinsurance placement, globally. Under her leadership, HM Risk Group became a leader in the development of niche insurance products for the sharing and assistive reproductive technology industry. Prior to founding HM Risk Group in 2006, she worked in various claims and underwriting management positions for State Farm Insurance Companies, The Hartford Insurance Company and AIG Insurance Company. Ms. Hunter is an active member of the Professional Liability Underwriting Society, Women in Private Equity and The Waters Street Club. Ms. Hunter currently serves as a Director for Affordable Central Texas, a Trustee for Zach Theatre, Fredericksburg Texas Zoning Board of Adjustment and a gubernatorial appointee for Motor Vehicle Crime Prevention Authority. Ms. Hunter has a BM in Music Theory and Composition from Centenary College of Louisiana and a MBA in Finance from Texas A&M University. Ms. Hunter is also an accomplished concert violinist.
Prof. Heather J. McGregor, 59, was appointed to the Board in March 2017 and is a member of the Audit Committee. She is the Executive Dean of the Edinburgh Business School, the business school of Heriot-Watt University in the U.K., having held the post since 2016. She is also the Acting Head of Social Sciences at the university. Her earlier career was in investment banking and she then spent 17 years as an entrepreneur leading her own executive search firm prior to her move into higher education. She holds an Advanced Diploma in Management Accounting and is expected to hold a full CGMA qualification from February 2022.

Professor McGregor has a PhD from the University of Hong Kong in Structured Finance and an MBA from London Business School. Her undergraduate degree was a BSc in Agricultural Economics & Marketing from Newcastle University. Professor McGregor is an experienced writer and broadcaster, including writing for the Financial Times for 17 years. She is also the founder of the Taylor Bennett Foundation, which works to promote diversity in the communications industry, and a founding member of the steering committee of the 30% Club, which is working to raise the representation of women at senior levels within the U.K.’s publicly listed companies. In addition, Professor McGregor is a non-executive director of Fundsmith Emerging Equities Trust plc (an investment trust listed on the London Stock Exchange) and Lowell UK (a private financial services company majority owned by Permira Advisers LLC).

In 2021 Professor McGregor was one of the first two people at Heriot-Watt University to be named a Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy; in 2021 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

Professor McGregor was awarded a CBE in the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours List for her services to business, especially diversity in the workplace.
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Lorenzo Pellicioli, 70, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company in April 2015. He served as Chairperson of the Board from November 2018 through January 2022, before which he served as Vice-Chairperson of the Board since the formation of the Company. From August 2006 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Pellicioli served on the GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group) board of directors as Chairman from August 2006 to April 2015. Mr. Pellicioli has served as Chief Executive Officer of De Agostini since November 2005, and will retire from the position effective June 2022.

Mr. Pellicioli started his career as a journalist for the newspaper Giornale Di Bergamo and afterwards he became Bergamo TV Programmes Vice President. From 1978 to 1984, he held different posts in the sector of the Italian private television for Manzoni Pubblicità, Publikompass up to his nomination as Rete4 General Manager. In 1984, he joined the Gruppo Mondadori Espresso, the first Italian publishing group. He was initially appointed General Manager for Advertising Sales and Mondadori Periodici (magazines) Vice General Manager and afterwards President and CEO of Manzoni & C. S.p.A, advertising rep of the Group.

From 1990 to 1997, he was appointed first President and CEO of Costa Cruise Lines in Miami, being part of Costa Crociere Group operating in the North American market (USA, Canada and Mexico) and then became Worldwide General Manager of Costa Crociere S.p.A., based in Genoa. From 1995 to 1997 he was also appointed President and CEO of the Compagnie Francaise de Croisières (Costa-Paquet), the Paris-based subsidiary of Costa Crociere.

In 1997, he took part to the privatization of SEAT Pagine Gialle purchased by a group of financial investors. After the acquisition he was appointed CEO of SEAT. In February 2000, he also managed the “Internet Business Unit” of the Telecom Italia Group following the sale of SEAT. In September 2001, following the acquisition of Telecom Italia by the Pirelli Group, he resigned. Since November 2005 he has been CEO of the De Agostini Group, an Italian financial group with ownership in the publishing sector (De Agostini Editore), games and lotteries (IGT PLC), media and communications (Atresmedia - Spanish television leader, Banijay Group - a leading company in the production and distribution of television and media content) and financial investments (DeA Capital).

He is also Chairman of the Board of Directors of DeA Capital, a member of the Board of Directors of Assicurazioni Generali S.p.A., and a member of the Advisory Board of Palamon Capital Partners. He was formerly also a member of the Boards of Directors of Enel, INA-Assitalia, and Toro Assicurazioni and of the Advisory Board of Lehman Brothers Merchant Banking.

On April 3, 2017 he was honored with the title of Chevalier dans l’ordre de la Légion d’Honneur.
Maria Pinelli, 59, was appointed to the Board in January 2022 and is Chair of the Audit Committee. She is a global C-suite executive who currently serves as a member of the board of directors for Globant S.A. and board director and chair of the audit committee for Archer Aviation, Inc. and Clarim Acquisition Corp. She served in a variety of leadership roles at Ernst & Young (EY) from October 1986 to November 2020, including consumer products and retail leader, technology leader, global vice chair – strategic growth markets, global IPO leader, and Americas leader – strategic growth markets. In her role as an advisor at EY, she successfully led more than 20 initial public offerings in four different countries and more than 25 merger and acquisition transactions worldwide and testified before the US House Financial Services Committee on the state of the capital markets. Her experience includes strategic transactions and due diligence advice, Sarbanes-Oxley implementation and stakeholder management. She has served as an advisor to some of the world’s most iconic e-commerce, consumer products, and retail brands. Recipient of several awards, she was recognized as one of the Square Mile's most inspiring Power 100 Women which highlights the talkers, the thinkers, the women influencing policy and changing the way the City of London thinks.
Dr. Samantha F. Ravich, 55, was appointed to the Board in July 2019 and is a member of the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. She is a defense and intelligence policy and tech entrepreneur and the Chair of the Center on Cyber and Technology Innovation at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and its Transformative Cyber Innovation Lab. She was formerly the Vice Chair of the President’s Intelligence Advisory Board; a Commissioner on the Congressionally-mandated Cyberspace Solarium Commission; and a member of the Secretary of Energy’s Advisory Board. Dr. Ravich is also a managing partner at A2P, LLC, a technology company that focuses on advanced advertising techniques, and a Board Governor at the Gemological Institute of America. Previously, she was the Republican Co-Chair of the Congressionally-mandated National Commission for Review of Research and Development Programs in the United States Intelligence Community and served as Deputy National Security Advisor for Vice President Cheney.

Dr. Ravich received her Ph.D. in Policy Analysis from the RAND Graduate School and her MCP/BSE from the University of Pennsylvania/Wharton School and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the National Association of Corporate Directors.
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Vincent L. Sadusky, 56, has served as Chief Executive Officer since January 2022. He has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and was Chair of the Audit Committee until January 2022. Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Sadusky served on the International Game Technology board of directors from July 2010 to April 2015. He formerly served as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Univision Communications Inc., the largest Hispanic media company in the U.S. He served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Media General, Inc., one of the U.S.’s largest owners of television stations, from December 2014 until January 2017, following the company’s merger with LIN Media LLC. Mr. Sadusky served as President and Chief Executive Officer of LIN Media LLC from 2006 to 2014 and was Chief Financial Officer from 2004 to 2006. Prior to joining LIN Media LLC, he held several management positions, including Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, at Telemundo Communications, Inc. from 1994 to 2004, and from 1987 to 1994, he performed attestation and consulting services with Ernst & Young. Mr. Sadusky formerly served on the board of directors of Hemisphere Media Group, Inc. Previously, he served on the Open Mobile Video Coalition, to which he served as President from 2011 until its integration into the National Association of Broadcasters in January 2013. He formerly served on the boards of directors of JVB Financial Group, LLC, Maximum Service Television, Inc., Media General, Inc., LIN Media LLC and NBC Affiliates.

Mr. Sadusky earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Pennsylvania State University where he was a University Scholar. He earned a Master of Business Administration degree from the New York Institute of Technology.
Gianmario Tondato daDa Ruos, 59,62, has served on the Board since the formation of the Company and is Chair of the Compensation Committee. From 2006 to the formation of the Company, Mr. Tondato daDa Ruos served as a Lead Independent Director of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Group). Mr. Tondato daDa Ruos has served as the Chief Executive Officer of Autogrill S.p.A. since April 2003. He joined Autogrill Group in 2000, and moved to the United States to manage the integration of the North American subsidiary HMSHost and successfully implemented a strategic refocusing on concessions and diversification into new business sectors, distribution channels, and geographies.


Mr. Tondato daDa Ruos is Chairman of HMSHost Corporation.Corporation, of Autogrill Italia S.p.A. and of Autogrill Europe S.p.A. He has been a director of Autogrill S.p.A. since March 2003, and sits on the advisory board of Rabobank (Hollande) on the strategic advisory board of Planet Farms Holding S.p.A. (Italy). He was formerly Chairman of World Duty Free S.p.A. and a director of World Duty Free Group S.A.U. Mr. Tondato daDa Ruos graduated with a degree in economics from Ca’Foscari University of Venice.

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Senior Management
Renato Ascoli, 57,60, is Chief Executive Officer, North America,Global Gaming, and is responsible for the IGT Gaming business. This includes Italy Gaming, Global Gaming Sales, Global Gaming Product Management, Global Gaming Studios, Global Manufacturing, Operations and Services including Global Gaming Technology. Prior to his appointment as CEO, Global Gaming, Mr. Ascoli served as CEO, North America of IGT. In this capacity, other than serving all North America Customers, he held global responsibility for product development, manufacturing, marketing,product management, technology and delivery of all of the Company’s portfolio outside Italy: gaming, digital, and lottery offerings for the NAGI and NALO business units. This includes interactive and sports betting. Mr. Ascoli also currently serves on the board of directors of the American Gaming Association.lottery.


Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Ascoli served as General Manager of GTECH S.p.A. (formerly known as Lottomatica Group) and President of GTECH Products and Services, where he was responsible for overseeing the design, development, and delivery of state-of-the-art platforms, products, and services. He supported all stages of the sales process, and provided marketing and technology leadership to optimize investment decisions. Prior to this role, Mr. Ascoli served as Head of Italian Operations. In this position, he was responsible for the strategic direction and operations of the Company’s Italian businesses. He joined GTECH S.p.A. in 2006 as Director of the Gaming division.


From 1992 to 2005, Mr. Ascoli worked for the national railway system Ferrovie dello Stato/Trenitalia, where he held roles of increasing responsibility including head of Administration, Budget, and Control of the Local Transport Division; head of Strategies, Planning, and Control of the Transport Area; and head of the Passengers Commercial Unit. In 2000, he was appointed Marketing Director of the Passengers Division, and later served as Director of Operations and Passengers Division. He also was head of International Development for Trenitalia. Earlier in his career, he led international marketing efforts for Fincentro Group - Armando Curcio Editore, where he was responsible for commercial development of the publishing assets of Fincentro Group. He was also responsible for defining the strategic and management assets of the many companies comprising Fincentro Group. Mr. Ascoli also served as a consultant to Ambrosetti Group, supporting the internationalization process (Spain, England, and U.S.A.). He graduated from Bocconi University in Milan (Italy), majoring in Economics and Social Studies.
Walter BugnoFabio Cairoli, 59,56, is Chief Executive Officer, International,Global Lottery, and is responsible for the managementIGT Lottery business. This includes Global Lottery Sales and strategic development of the International region. He works directly with the Parent’s management teams to implement the Company’s vision through the ongoing delivery of value to customers, shareholders,Operations, Global Lottery Product and employees. Mr. Bugno leads the Company’s lottery, gaming,Sales Development, Global Lottery Technology and interactive businesses throughout Europe (except Italy), as well as in the Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region. He also oversees private manager agreement opportunities across these regions.

He joined GTECH S.p.A. (formerly known as Lottomatica Group) in July 2010 as President and CEO of SPIELO International. He led the business by capitalizing on the many growth opportunities in the gaming industry, and overseeing the Company’s long-term strategic direction. In 2012, Mr. Bugno’s portfolio expanded to include the Company’s interactive business. Under his leadership, SPIELO experienced substantial growth and became a major contributor to the Company’s total earnings. From 2006 to 2009, Mr. Bugno was the CEO of Casinos for Tabcorp Holdings Limited, Australia’s premier gambling and entertainment group. During his tenure with Tabcorp, Mr. Bugno transformed the business from being product-driven to customer-driven by revitalizing the customer casino experience with new loyalty programs, products, and customer service. Some of his successes included a new 12-year exclusive casino license with the New South Wales government, expansion of gaming products, and increases in market share.

Support. Prior to Tabcorp,this role, Mr. Bugno was President of Campbell Soup Company in Asia Pacific from 2002 to 2006. He was responsible for Campbell’s food products, manufacturing, and distribution. He was previously Managing Director of Lion Nathan Australia, a division of Lion, one of Australasia’s leading beverage and food companies. Mr. Bugno grew up in Australia and Italy, and has Bachelor of Commerce and Master of Commerce degrees from the University of New South Wales, Australia.
Fabio Cairoli, 53, is served as Chief Executive Officer, Italy, and iswhere he was responsible for managing all business lines, marketing services, and sales for the Company’s Italian operations. Through his leadership of the largest lottery operator in the world, Mr. Cairoli shares insights and best practices with other organizations in the Company. Mr. Cairoli joined the Company in 2012 as Senior Vice President of Business. He has more than 20 years of experience in consumer goods for multinational organizations, with both local and international expertise. He served as Group General Manager and Board Member of Bialetti Industrie, a world-renowned Italian manufacturer and retailer of stovetop coffee (espresso) makers and small household electrical appliances. During his tenure at Bialetti, he was responsible for turning around the business by refocusing strategy, streamlining costs, and optimizing the product portfolio and retail presence.


Prior to Bialetti, Mr. Cairoli served as General Manager of Star Alimentare, a major Italian food company, and successfully relaunched ana historical brand. Additionally, he spent part of his career with Julius Meinl Italia and with Motorola Mobile Devices Italy. He also spent 10 years with Kraft Foods in Italy and the U.K. in various capacities. Mr. Cairoli holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from the Catholic University in Milan.

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Fabio Celadon, 47,51, is Executive Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development, and is responsible for IGT’s Strategy, Strategic Markets Development, Mergers and Acquisitions and Competitive Intelligence functions. Under his direction, the organization monitors industry and competitive trends in IGT’s core and adjacent markets; develops IGT’s portfolio strategy; identifies key portfolio initiatives and supports the business unit CEOs in the identification and execution of their business unit strategic initiatives; executes the Group’s M&A strategy (mergers, acquisitions, JVs and divestitures), managing deal evaluation, structuring and negotiation, and coordinating internal cross-functional teams as well as external advisors.

Mr. Celadon most recently served as Senior Vice President, Gaming Portfolio, and is responsiblewith responsibility for the management of the Company’s Gaming Portfolio organization. Under his direction, the organization ensures the monitoring of relevant technological advancements and market and competitive trends; the consolidation ofconsolidating the Company’s global research and development plan and related allocation of budgets and resources; the evolution ofevolving the Company’s content portfolio; the consolidation ofportfolio and consolidating hardware and content roadmaps; and, the monitoring of hardware and content roadmaps execution as well as product performance and results.

Mr. Celadon most recentlypreviously served as Managing Director, IGT Greater China and Senior Vice President, IGT International. In this role, he was responsible for managing IGT’s business and operations across lotteries, video lotteries, sports betting and interactive, and mobile gaming in Greater China. He was also responsible for the strategic development of IGT’s business in Greater China, India, and Japan.


Prior to April 2015, Mr. Celadon served as Senior Vice President of Group Strategy and Corporate Development for GTECH S.p.A., where he was responsible for developing GTECH’s overall corporate strategy, identifying and evaluating key strategic growth initiatives, and executing the corporate development strategy through mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, and divestitures. Mr. Celadon has also held several strategy, corporate development, and finance positions since he joined Lottomatica Group, GTECH’s predecessor-company, in 2002. Mr. Celadon served as CFO of Lottomatica from 2002 to 2004. Following the acquisition of GTECH by Lottomatica, he relocated to the U.S. where he held the position of GTECH Vice President of New Market Development before being promoted to Senior Vice President of Strategic Planning in 2008.


Prior to joining Lottomatica, he was a partner with Atlantis Capital Partners, a private equity firm, and prior to that, he worked for Morgan Stanley in London in the mergers and acquisitions department. Mr. Celadon holds a Law Degree from LUISS Guido Carli University in Rome and an MBA from Columbia Business School in New York.
Mario Di LoretoDorothy Costa, 55,50, is ExecutiveSenior Vice President, People & Transformation, and has strategic oversight for the IGT People and Transformation function, including all senior strategic business partners and the total rewards, diversity & inclusion, organization transformation and global services and talent management centers of excellence.

Ms. Costa has more than 26 years of Human Resources experience, with 22 in the lottery and gaming industry. Prior to her current role, Ms. Costa was IGT’s Vice President of People & Transformation, where she had worldwide responsibility as the Human Resources Business Partner supporting the North America business unit that includes both gaming and lottery within IGT. She also served as Senior Director of Human Resources for the Products & Services organization, which consisted of product marketing and technology solutions for lottery, gaming, interactive, and betting, as well as HR Business Partner for all corporate functions within the Company. Her areas of responsibility within these groups included staffing, compensation, employee relations, talent development, succession planning, and executive coaching. Early in her career, she worked for Citizens Financial Group in various HR roles in Rhode Island.

Ms. Costa holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Management from Rhode Island College, and an MBA in Organizational Leadership from Johnson & Wales University in Providence, RI. She also completed the Advanced Human Resource Executive Program at the University of Michigan, Michigan Ross School of Business Executive Education.
Enrico Drago, 44, is responsibleChief Executive Officer, Digital & Betting. Prior to his current role, Mr. Drago served as Senior Vice President of PlayDigital from July 2018, leading a fast-growing and award-winning portfolio of digital gaming/lottery and sports betting products, platforms and services. He has also served as Vice Chairman of De Agostini S.p.A., since June, 2021. Mr. Drago also has served as an advisor for providingNina Capital, a leading European venture capital firm focused on health technology companies, since 2019. He is the overall HR leadershipson of Marco Drago, a member of IGT’s Board of Directors and strategy to further organizational developmentthe Chairperson of De Agostini S.p.A. Mr. Drago joined IGT in 2014 as Chief Operating Officer for a subsidiary of the Parent. In 2017, he took on the role of Senior Vice President Global Interactive, Sports Betting and ensure that the Company attracts, develops, and retains a talented, diverse, and engaged workforce.Licenses. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Di Loreto was Executive Vice President for Human Resources and Organization at Telecom Italia Group and its 50,000 employees, where he led teams for Inditex Italia, which he joined through a complete re-engineering ofleadership program for high-potential managers. Mr. Drago was selected as the HR management core processes across the global organizationItaly Chief Operating Officer for brands Bershka, Pull & Bear, Zara Home, Oysho, Stradivarius and Massimo Dutti and appointed as part of a three-year People Strategy Program.

Inditex Italia Managing Director in 2011. Prior to joining Telecomhis roles with Inditex Italia, he spent four years as the Human Resources Group Director for Barilla, where he was responsible for 15,000 employees in 17 countries. In this role, Mr. Di Loreto participated in the re-organization of the international subsidiary companies to achieve culturalDrago worked with Puig Beauty and business integration and alignment. In addition, Mr. Di Loreto has held HR positions with increasing levels of responsibility and authority with Starwood Hotels, where he was part of a global innovation team that worked under Starwood’s CEO at its U.S. headquarters to help define the evolution of the company’s organizational and business models. He has also held senior HR positions with Air One and subsequently Alitalia, where he participated in the creation and development of two low-cost carriers, Alitalia Team and Alitalia Express.

Mr. Di Loreto graduated with a Ph.D. in the Philosophy of Science from the University of Rome, and for a time, pursued an academic career before beginning his career in business.Fashion.
Alberto Fornaro, 54, is Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and is responsible for managing and developing the financial strategy for the Company globally. He oversees the Finance, Accounting Control, Legal, Investor Relations, Compliance, Strategy and Mergers & Acquisitions, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Organization, which includes making strategic and tactical decisions and improving financial strategies to maximize shareholder value and cash flow; providing high-quality financial and management reporting; and ensuring compliance of all fiscal and statutory reporting, and legal matters.
He brings more than 25 years of strong financial expertise to the Company and has an extensive record of significant international exposure.

Mr. Fornaro is an officer and/or director of the following Company subsidiaries: International Game Technology, IGT Global Solutions Corporation, IGT Foreign Holdings Corporation, IGT Canada Solutions ULC, and I.G.T. (Australia) Pty Limited.
Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Fornaro served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for GTECH S.p.A. He was previously (2008-2011) Group CFO and President of the EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa) division at Doosan Infracore Construction Equipment (DICE), a world leader in the construction equipment industry formed by Bobcat and Doosan Infracore. During his tenure at DICE, he led numerous integration programs and several cost-saving initiatives, helping DICE to weather the recent economic downturn and emerge as an even stronger player in a highly competitive industry.
Mr. Fornaro also served as General Manager and CFO of Technogym, the second-largest worldwide manufacturer of fitness equipment. Additionally, he spent 12 years in finance at Case New Holland (CNH) Global/Fiat Group in Italy and the U.S. At CNH, he served in many different financial capacities at the vice president level.
He holds a bachelor’s degree in Economics and Banking Sciences from the University of Siena, Italy; a master’s degree in Banking Disciplines from the University of Siena’s Post Graduate School, Italy; and was a Visiting Scholar at the Ph.D. Program in Economics at Columbia University, New York. Mr. Fornaro is licensed as a Certified Public Accountant in Illinois. Mr. Fornaro holds dual citizenship in the U.S. and Italy.

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Scott Gunn, 52,55, is Senior Vice President, of Corporate Public Affairs, andAffairs. As a member of IGT’s senior leadership team, Mr. Gunn is responsible for the Company’s publicglobal government affairs related to government relations strategy and public policy. He is instrumental in directing and facilitating government relationships and directing public engagement to advance the Company’s global business interests for the NAGI, NALO, and International business units.objectives. Mr. Gunn has been with the Company for more than 2425 years, and has held positions in operations, sales, business development, and public affairs. Prior to his current role, he was Senior Vice President of Global Government Relations and NALONorth America Lottery Business Development, overseeing worldwide government relations strategy and managing the Company’s global network of government relations resources, as well as pursuing public sector market opportunities for the Company’s various lines of business in North America.


Mr. Gunn began his career at a public affairs firm in Washington, D.C. He was also an Associate at National Media Inc., where he worked on media strategy for state and federal political campaigns. He has held various positions within national and state political party organizations, and has been involved with several U.S. presidential campaigns. Mr. Gunn serves on the Board of Advisors to Reviver Auto, is chairperson of the Company’s Government Affairs Committee and Political Action Committee, and is a member of the Company’s Executive Diversity and Inclusion Council. He has a bachelor’s degree in Political Economics from Tulane University.
Wendy Montgomery, 56,59, is Senior Vice President, of Global Brand, Marketing, Communications and Communications,Sustainability, and oversees the strategy for the Company’s global corporate brand, events and trade shows, andproduct marketing, external corporate communications, sustainability programs, including community relations, responsible gaming and corporate social responsibility.ESG. Prior to joining the Company in 2018 as Senior Vice President of Global Lottery Marketing, Ms. Montgomery spent 13 years at the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation where, as Senior Vice President, Lottery & iGaming, she led marketing, sales, operations, policy and planning, and the iGaming business. Her previous experience spans multiple industries, including in the entertainment business in her role as Vice President and General Manager, W Network, under Corus Entertainment, Inc., and before that, in the telecommunications field as Vice President of Marketing with Star Choice Communications, Inc. She has also held leadership roles in apparel, consumer products, and food categories, and has previously lived and worked in South Africa, Israel, Eastern Europe, Canada, and the United States.


Ms. Montgomery is a graduate of the Executive Leadership Program at Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. She holds a diploma in Marketing Management from the Institute of Marketing Management in Johannesburg, South Africa, as well as a Higher National Diploma in Business Studies from Greenwich University in London, U.K.
Timothy M. Rishton, 56, is Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer, and is responsible for overseeing Accounting and Tax, including developing and maintaining systems and internal controls over financial reporting; and the preparation of the Company's consolidated annual reporting in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Mr. Rishton served as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer from January 2020 through April 2020.

Prior to the formation of the Company, Mr. Rishton served as the Chief Accounting Officer for GTECH S.p.A. Mr. Rishton has been with the Company (and predecessor GTECH) since 1995, and over his 26 years with the Company, he has held a series of roles with increasing responsibility, including Vice President - Finance, Assistant Corporate Controller and Director of Accounting.

Before joining the Company, Mr. Rishton held various roles at Acushnet Company and Ernst & Young, where he provided assurance services to publicly listed and private company clients in a variety of industries. Mr. Rishton is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Rhode Island Society of CPA’s.

Mr. Rishton received his bachelor’s degree in Accounting from the University of Rhode Island.
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Christopher Spears, 54, is Executive Vice President, General Counsel, and is responsible for leading IGT’s global legal strategy and function. In this role he is responsible for managing IGT’s internal legal team and outside legal advisors, providing counsel to IGT’s board of directors and executive leadership team and managing IGT’s legal issues across a wide range of global subject matter areas including corporate governance, compliance, litigation, mergers and acquisitions, intellectual property, licensing and commercial and operational issues.

Mr. Spears has over 25 years of legal experience with a focus on supporting the broad legal needs of global businesses, including corporate governance, securities, capital markets, mergers and acquisitions, compliance, intellectual property and litigation. Prior to joining IGT in 2017, Mr. Spears served in a series of roles of increasing responsibility at Caterpillar Inc., including as Deputy General Counsel with responsibility for global commercial law matters, corporate governance and mergers and acquisitions, Chief Ethics and Compliance Officer with responsibility for global compliance and General Counsel – Asia-Pacific based in Singapore. Before joining Caterpillar Inc., Mr. Spears was in private practice with a focus on mergers and acquisitions, securities and corporate law.

Mr. Spears holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from Berea College and MBA and Juris Doctorate degrees from the University of Kentucky.

Senior Consultant
Robert Vincent, 65, 67, is Chairperson of IGT Global Solutions Corporation, the primary operating subsidiary for the U.S. lottery business, and represents the Company when interacting with global customers, current and potential partners, and government officials. He also serves as a senior counselor to Chief Executive Officer Vincent Sadusky and the rest of the Company's senior leadership team.
Previously, Mr. Vincent served as the Company's Executive Vice President for Administrative Services and External Relations, and is responsible for overseeingRelations. He oversaw global external and internal corporate communications, media relations, branding, and social responsibility programs. Additionally, he leadsHe also led a centralized Administrative Services organization that includesincluded information security, global procurement, real estate/facilities, food services, environmental health and safety, and facility security and monitoring. He is alsoIn addition, he was involved in selected business development projects, as well as supportand supported activities in compliance, investor relations, marketing communications, and government relations. Previously,Prior to that, he served as the Company's Senior Vice President of Human Resources and Public Affairs for the Parent.Affairs.

Prior to the formation of the Company,Before April 2015, Mr. Vincent had been affiliated with GTECH S.p.A. for more than 20 years, having served as an external consultant; as Vice President of Business Development for Dreamport, GTECH’s former gaming and entertainment subsidiary; and as Senior Vice President of Human Resources and Public Affairs for GTECH S.p.A.

Before joining the Company, he was a senior partner at RDW Group, a regional advertising and public relations company in Rhode Island. He also held senior policy and administrative positions with Rhode Island-based governments, including the Governor’s Office, Secretary of State’s Office, and the Providence Mayor’s Office. In addition, he has staffed community and government affairs efforts at Brown University in Providence.

Active in the community, Mr. Vincent serves on the Boards of the University of Rhode Island Foundation, Rhode Island Hospital Foundation, Family Service of Rhode Island, Board of Directors, Hasbro Children’s Hospital Advisory Board, the URI Foundation Executive Committee, and the URI Harrington School of Advisory Board. He is an Emeritus Trustee of Trinity Repertory Company.

Communication.
Mr. Vincent received his bachelor’s degree in Political Science from the University of Rhode Island.


ThereExcept for the relationship between Marco Drago and Enrico Drago described above, there are no familial relationships among any of the Parent'sParent’s directors, or senior managers set forth above.or the senior consultant.



B.Compensation
B.    Compensation
 
Non-Executive Director Compensation
 
The Parent’s compensation policy for non-executive directors is to provide an annual cash retainer payable in quarterly tranches as well as equity awards typically in the form of a stockrestricted share unit (“RSU”) award vesting on an annual basis.basis, or such other form of equity awards under the Company’s Equity Incentive Plan. Additional cash retainers are provided for the non-executive directors serving as Chairpersons of the Board and/or members of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Awards to non-executive directors underCommittee as well as the Long-Term Incentive ("LTI") Compensation Plan (“LTIP”) vest over the service periodLead Independent Director.

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LTIP - Annual Equity Awards for Continuing Non-Executive Directors

On the date ofAn RSU award is normally granted to each annual meeting of the Parent’s shareholders eachexisting non-executive director continuingannually, and to serve after that date will automatically be granted an awarda new non-executive director at the time of restricted share units (“RSUs”). appointment.

The number of RSUs covered by each such award will beis generally determined by dividing (1) the Annual Equity Award grant valueGrant Value (see table below in the “Annual Compensation” section) by (2) the closing price of an ordinary share as of the date of grant, (rounded downprorated accordingly in respect of grants made to new non-executive directors. Awarded units normally vest at the nearest whole unit). Annual equity awards grantednext annual general meeting (“AGM”) of the Parent after grant date, subject to continued service of the non-executive directors will vestdirector as a director on the date of the annual meeting of the Parent’s shareholders ("AGM") that occurs in the Company’s financial year after the financial year in which the date of grant occurs.Parent.


LTIP- Initial Equity Awards for New Non-Executive Directors

Each new Non-Executive Director will be granted an award of RSUs determined by dividing (1) a pro-rata portion of the Annual Equity Award value by (2) the closing share price as of that date (rounded down to the nearest whole unit). The pro-rata portion of the Annual Equity Award value will equal the Annual Equity Award value multiplied by the fraction which results from the following formula:
X - Y
X
where:

X is the number of days in the period beginning with (and including) the date of the AGM immediately preceding the appointment date (the Previous AGM) and ending on (and including) the date of the AGM immediately after the appointment date (the Next AGM); and
Y is the number of days in the period beginning with (and including) the date of the Previous AGM and ending on (and including) the appointment date.

Initial equity awards granted to non-executive directors will vest on the date of the AGM that first occurs after the grant date.

Annual Compensation
Position 
Fees ($)(1)
 
RSUs ($)(2)
 

($ in thousands)

($ in thousands)
Fees ($)(1)
RSUs ($)(2)
Non-executive Director 100,000
 200,000
Non-executive Director100 200 
Chairperson additional compensation 50,000
 50,000
Chairperson additional compensation50 50 
Vice Chairperson additional compensation 
 
Lead Independent Director additional compensation 20,000
 20,000
Lead Independent Director additional compensation20 20 
Committee Chairpersons additional compensation:    Committee Chairpersons additional compensation:
Audit Committee 40,000
 
Audit Committee40 — 
Compensation Committee 30,000
 
Compensation Committee30 — 
Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee 20,000
 
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee20 — 
(1) All fees are established in USD but paid quarterly in GBP.GBP, with the amount paid converted from USD to GBP based on the exchange rate in effect on the date of processing the payment.
(2) The number of RSUs aregranted is calculated usingby dividing the grant value listed in this column by the closing price of an ordinary share as of the date fair value.of grant.




20182021 Plan Year Actual Compensation


The following table sets forth the approximate compensation received or earned, during 2018 tocalculated in accordance with the Company'sCompanies Act 2006 and relevant regulations, as applicable, by the Company’s non-executive directors during the year ended December 31, 2018.2021. Amounts are presented in $ thousands.
Name & Position(s)(1) (2)
Fees ($)
RSUs ($)(3)
Total
Lorenzo Pellicioli
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Board
150 312 462 
James F. McCann
Non-executive Director
Vice-Chairperson of the Board
Lead Independent Director
Chairperson of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
140 274 414 
Beatrice H. Bassey(4)
Non-executive Director
36 — 36 
Alberto Dessy(5)
Non-executive Director
120 249 369 
Marco Drago
Non-executive Director
100 249 349 
Heather J. McGregor
Non-executive Director
100 249 349 
Dr. Samantha Ravich
Non-executive Director
100 249 349 
Vincent L. Sadusky
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Audit Committee
140 249 389 
Gianmario Tondato da Ruos
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Compensation Committee
130 249 379 
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Name & Position(s) Fees ($)  
RSUs ($)(1)
   
Lorenzo Pellicioli
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Board(2)
 100,000  286,848
James F. McCann
Non-executive Director
Lead Independent Director(3)
Chairperson of the Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee
 122,651  286,848
Paget L. Alves
Non-executive Director
 107,500
(4) 
 286,848
Paolo Ceretti(5)
Former Non-executive Director
 50,000  286,848
Alberto Dessy
Non-executive Director
 110,730
(7) 
 286,848
Marco Drago
Non-executive Director
 100,000  286,848
Patti S. Hart
Non-executive Director
 100,000  286,848
Heather J. McGregor
Non-executive Director
 107,500
(4) 
 286,848
Philip G. Satre(8)
Former Non-executive Director
Former Chairperson of the Board
 61,331  512,128
Vincent L. Sadusky
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Audit Committee
 154,000
(9) 
 286,848
Gianmario Tondato da Ruos
Non-executive Director
Chairperson of the Compensation Committee
 130,000  286,848
(1) As of December 31, 2021, Marco Sala, the Company’s chief executive officer, and Massimiliano (Max) Chiara, the Company’s chief financial officer, also served on the board of directors, but did not receive any additional compensation for such service. Please see the Executive Officer Compensation section below for information regarding Mr. Sala and Mr. Chiara’s compensation.
(1) Represents(2) The following Executive and Board leadership changes were effective January 24, 2022: (i) Lorenzo Pellicioli retired as chairperson of the settlement date fair valueBoard and will remain a non-executive director, (ii) Marco Sala was appointed executive chair of the Board, and (iii) Vincent L. Sadusky was appointed CEO of the Company and became an executive director of the Board.
(3) Amount reflects the number of RSUs vested during 2018.granted on May 18, 2021, multiplied by $28.31, the three-month ending stock price as of December 31, 2021. The RSUs vest on the date of the 2022 AGM.
(2) Mr. Pellicioli was appointed Chairperson effective November 19, 2018.
(3) Mr. McCann was appointed Lead Independent Director effective November 19, 2018(4) Ms. Bassey did not stand for re-election at the 2021 AGM and her term ended on May 11, 2021. Ms. Bassey received a prorated amount of additional compensation.compensation for her services during the year.
(4)(5) Includes a payment of $7,500 for participating in business activities over and above existing contractual obligations.
(5) Mr. Ceretti retired from the Board of Directors effective May 16, 2018.
(7) Includes 4% stipend related to Italian regulatory requirements.
(8) Mr. Satre retired from the Board of Directors effective August 6, 2018.
(9) Includes a payment of $14,000 for participating in business activities over and above existing contractual obligations.

Executive Officer Compensation
 
Total Executive Officer Compensation


The following table sets forth the approximate 2021 compensation paidreceived or accrued during 2018 toearned, calculated in accordance with the Company'sCompanies Act 2006 and relevant regulations, as applicable, by the Company’s executive officers as of December 31, 2018,2021, including Marco Sala, Chief Executive Officer ("CEO");CEO; Renato Ascoli, CEO, of North America;Global Gaming; Fabio Cairoli, CEO, Italy;Global Lottery; Fabio Celadon, SVP, Gaming Portfolio; Walter Bugno, CEO International; Alberto Fornaro, EVPExecutive Vice President of Strategy and Corporate Development; Massimiliano (Max) Chiara, Executive Vice President and CFO; Robert Vincent, EVP of External RelationsDorothy Costa, Senior Vice President, People & Administrative Services; and Mario Di Loreto, EVP of People and Transformation. Current executive officersTransformation; Enrico Drago, CEO, Digital & Betting; Scott Gunn, SVPSenior Vice President of Corporate Public Affairs andAffairs; Wendy Montgomery, SVP,Senior Vice President, Marketing, Communications and Sustainability; Timothy Rishton, Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, and Christopher Spears, Executive Vice President and General Counsel. Also included is compensation paid to Walter Bugno, former Executive Vice President of New Business and Strategic Initiatives, who resigned from the Company effective May 14, 2021; and Robert Vincent, Chairperson of IGT Global Brand, Marketing and Communications, were appointed effective February 13, 2019, andSolutions Corporation who provides consulting services to the Company, the fees for which are therefore not included as “Other” compensation in the information presentedtable below.


($ in thousands)
Salary(1)
2021 Bonus(2)
Equity
Awards(3)
Other(4)
Total
Marco Sala,
Chief Executive Officer
1,1463,5953,4268,167
Max Chiara,
Chief Financial Officer
8001,3656042,769
Other Executive Officers &
Senior Consultant
4,3066,6445,18816,137
Name 
Salary
($)(1)
 
2018 Bonus
($) (2)
 
Equity
Awards
($)(3)
 
FX Adjustments(4)
 
Other
($)(5)
 
Total
($)(5)
Marco Sala,
Chief Executive Officer
 922,590 2,325,000 5,578,773 1,150,939 3,039,974 13,017,276
Other Executive Officers 3,876,197 4,510,719 4,537,703  3,690,827 16,615,446
(1) Mr. Sala’s annual salary is $1,000,000. Mr. Salaas CEO was $1,000,000 paid monthly, of which 70% is paid 70% in the U.K. in pounds sterling (converted at an exchange rate 1.33)GBP and 30% in Italy in euros (converted at anEUR, both of which are converted using fiscal year-to-date exchange rate of 1.18). Mr. Sala's payment arrangement requires periodic true-upsrates. In addition to base salary, the amount includes true-up payments related to FX fluctuations.foreign currency fluctuations and tax equalization, per his employment contract.
(2) Represents the bonusshort-term incentive compensation earned for the 20182021 fiscal year, expected to be paid in March 2019.
(3) Represents the grant date fair value of equity compensation vested during fiscal year 2018.2022. In addition to bonus, Mr. Sala's equity awardsSala’s amount includes the grant date fair value of $1,640,000 and $577,500 in performance based RSUs and options, respectively, vested in 2018 subject to his 2015 CEO Co-Investment award.
(4) Represents the adjustmentsan estimated true-up payment related to foreign currency fluctuations on prior periods' salary and bonus payments,tax equalization, per Mr. Sala'shis employment contract, which were paidcontract.
(3) The performance share units (“PSUs”) subject to the 2019 to 2021 performance period did not achieve threshold and therefore no shares will vest with respect to such PSUs. Additionally, Marco Sala’s equity awards also reflects 0% performance achievement subject to the 2018 through 2020 performance period of his CEO Co-Investment award granted in 2018.
(5) (4) Represents the value of certain health, welfare and welfareother benefits received by the executive officers during 20182021 (including medical, dental, disability,tax preparation, employer contributions to post-retirement plans, relocation benefits and taxable life insurance relocation, tax preparation, and retirement benefits)premiums paid). Also includes car allowances, housing allowances, and perquisites. Mr. Sala'sSala’s other compensation also includes tax payments, netequalization related to benefits received in 2021. Mr. Chiara’s other compensation also includes $500,000, the second installment of $1,849,439. a $2.0 million bonus to be paid in four equal installments, provided to compensate Mr. Chiara for his forfeited compensation at his previous employer. The amount in Other Executive Officers & Senior Consultant also includes consulting fees paid to Mr. Vincent.


Equity Compensation Actions Relating to CEO Transition

GrantsEffective January 24, 2022, Vincent L. Sadusky was appointed CEO of Stock Optionsthe Parent. Mr. Sadusky’s employment agreement provides for the following:

($ in thousands)Salary
Performance Bonus (i)
Equity
Awards
Vincent L. Sadusky
Chief Executive Officer
1,5001,500 - 2,500(ii)
The table below sets forth(i)2022 performance bonus of $1.5 million (target) to $2.5 million (maximum), subject to the stock optionsachievement of certain financial and individual performance metrics.
(ii) Mr. Sadusky was granted the following long-term incentive awards: (1) PSUs with a grant date of January 24, 2022, a target grant date value of $2.25 million and subject to the same performance metrics and vesting schedule applicable to the 2021 PSUs granted to the Company's executive officers during 2018 pursuantParent’s former CEO for the 2021-2023 performance period; (2) a one-time recruitment award of RSUs with a grant date of January 24, 2022, and a target grant date value of $7.5 million with an opportunity to its LTIP:earn up to an additional 350,000 shares depending on the share price of the Parent’s ordinary shares for the 60 days immediately preceding and ending on the vesting date, which is three years after the grant date; and (3) PSUs with a target grant date value of $2.25 million that will be issued in
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Name 
No. of
Options(1)
 Exercise Price ($) Exercise Period 
Grant
Date
 Expiration Date
Marco Sala, Chief Executive Officer 172,500
 $30.12
 2021-2024 May 15, 2018 May 15, 2024
(1) Represents options granted subjectaccordance with the terms applicable to long-term incentive awards provided to the Company’s eligible employees in 2022. Vesting of the long-term incentive awards are conditioned on Mr. Sadusky’s continued service through each applicable vesting date.

Marco Sala, the Parent’s former CEO, Co-Investment award, which cliff-vests 100% in 2021 subject to meetingwas appointed executive chair effective from January 24, 2022. In connection with this new appointment, certain performance conditions discussed in CEO Co-Investment Award, and have a three-year post-vest exercise period.arrangements of Mr. Sala’s service agreement were restructured. These changes are described under “Severance Arrangements” below.

Grants of Shares

The table below sets forth the shares granted pursuant to the Company's compensation plans, other than stock options, to its executive officers during 2018.
Name 
No. of
Shares
 
Fair Value at
Date of
Grant
 
Vesting
Period
 
Grant
Date
 
Share’s
Market Price
upon
Grant
Marco Sala, Chief Executive Officer(1)
 172,500
 $16.50
 2018-2021 May 15, 2018 $30.12
Marco Sala, Chief Executive Officer(2)
 157,084
 $30.47
 2018-2022 May 15, 2018 $30.12
Other Executive Officers(2)
 262,319
 $30.47
 2018-2022 May 15, 2018 $30.12
(1) Represents the shares granted subject to the CEO Co-Investment Award which cliff-vests 100% in 2021 subject to meeting certain performance conditions discussed in CEO Co-Investment Award.
(2) Annual awards granted in 2018 will vest 50% in 2021 and 2022, respectively, based on 2018, 2019 and 2020 performance.

Short-Term Incentive Compensation Plans
 
The Company's 2021 short-term incentive compensation (“STI”) compensation plans during 2018 wereare performance-based and designed to encourage employees to achieveachievement of both short-term financial results and longer-term strategic objectives. The STI plans recognize growth achievement with an opportunity to earn an incentive on the upside, as well as limit the downside potential. Payments under the STI plans were based on the Company's 2021 financial performance and individual Management by Objectives (“MBOs”). The Company's executive officers participated in the same STI plans as other employees during 2018. The primary focus of the STI plans was to motivate and reward executive officers and employees for the achievement of annual objectives. The STI plans were designed to recognize growth achievement with an opportunity to earn a bonus on the upside, as well as to limit the downside potential. Payments under the STI plans were based on the Company's financial performance and individual Management by Objectives (“MBOs”).2021. 


Executive Officers STI
Level Financial Performance Individual MBO Financial Metric Mix
Corporate 80% 20% 
25% EBITDA
25% Operating Income
30% Net Debt
Business Unit 80% 20% 
25% EBITDA
35% Business Unit Operating Income
20% Net Debt

For purposes of the STI plans, financial performance was measured based on Consolidated CorporateAdjusted EBITDA (“EBITDA”), CorporateConsolidated Adjusted Operating Income ("OI") as Consolidated OI, excluding Purchase Price Accounting, at the Company level and Adjusted Consolidated Net Debt at the Company level.Debt. Executive Officers focused on a specific business unit will have other targeted metrics, such as an Adjusted Business Unit also have aOI or Business Unit Adjusted EBITDA metric, where appropriate. The table below sets forth the minimum, target, and maximum performance thresholds for EBITDA, OI and Net Debt under the STI plans.

OI and Performance
Percent of OI Achieved 
IGT OI
($ millions)
 Payout Curve (%)
90% 848
 
100% 942
 100
110% 1,036
 200

EBITDA and Performance
Percent of EBITDA Achieved 
IGT EBITDA
($ millions)
 Payout Curve (%)
90% 1,523
 
100% 1,692
 100
110% 1,862
 200

Net Debt ($ in millions)
Measure Threshold Target Maximum
Net Debt $8,109
 $7,911
 $7,713
Payout Curve % 100% 200%

All financial objectives were established by the Compensation Committeelieu of the BoardConsolidated Adjusted OI metrics. STI targets as a percentage of Directorsbase salary are 150% for the CEO and by the Board of Directors70% to 100% for the Company's other executive officers, in each case upon recommendation of the Compensation Committee.
All STI objectives had an appropriate mix of financial and individual metrics.officers. STI payouts could be adjusted to account for unusually negative or positive financial results due to events outside of the control of the Company's executive officers. All STI objectives had a mix of financial and individual metrics, which is presented in the table below.


STI Targets
LevelFinancial PerformanceIndividual MBOFinancial Metric Mix
Corporate80%20%25% Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA25% Consolidated Adjusted Operating Income30% Net Debt
Global Gaming Business Unit80%20%20% Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA30% Gaming Adjusted EBITDA10% Net Debt20% Gaming Cost Savings
Global Lottery Business Unit80%20%20% Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA50% Lottery Operating Income10% Net Debt
Digital & Betting Business Unit80%20%20% Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA
30% Digital & Betting Adjusted EBITDA (1)
10% Net Debt20% Gaming Adjusted EBITDA
(1) Prior to the recognition of Digital & Betting as a percentagefully segmented business unit on September 1, 2021, it was included in the Global Gaming business unit with an established financial metric called “Global Gaming PlayDigital Adjusted EBITDA”.

All financial objectives were established by the Compensation Committee of base salary is 150%the Board for the CEO and 87.5% to 100%by the Board for the other executive officers.officers, upon recommendation of the Compensation Committee.

Long-Term Incentive Compensation Plans

The Company’s LTIPlong-term incentive (“LTI”) compensation plan provides for several different types of stockstock-based awards including stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units (RSUs),RSUs, both time and performance-based. In 2018, annual awards to executive officersNo options were granted under the Company's LTIPLTI plan in 2021, although 172,500 options were 100% performance-based RSUs, with the exceptiongranted to Marco Sala as part of the CEO Co-Investment Award granted to Mr. Sala.Plan as described under “CEO Co-Investment Plan” below.


The principal purposepurposes of granting LTI awards isare to assist the Company in attracting and retaining executive officers, to
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provide a market-competitive total compensation package and to motivate recipients to increase shareholder value by enabling them to participate in the value that was created, thus aligning their interests with those of itsthe Company’s shareholders. 



Grants of Performance Share Units (“PSUs”)

PSUs were not granted in 2020 due to challenges in setting forward-looking performance metrics amidst the uncertainty due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, two PSU awards were granted in 2021. The first award will vest 50% in 2023 and 2024, respectively, based on cumulative performance over the 2021-2022 period and continued service through the vesting dates. The second award will vest 50% in 2024 and 2025, respectively, based on cumulative performance over the 2021-2023 period and continued service through the vesting dates. Both awards provide for full vesting in the event of the participant’s death, and pro rata vesting in the event of disability.

The LTI plan for 2018 is performance-based with vesting of each awardthe PSUs granted in 2021 is tied to threethe following performance metrics: Three-Year
Cumulative Consolidated Free Cash Flow;
Cumulative Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, (profitability measure), Adjusted Net Debt (use of cash),Cumulative Global Lottery EBITDA less Capital Expenditures, or Cumulative Global Gaming EBITDA less Capital Expenditures, depending on the employee’s respective business unit; and relative
Relative Total Shareholder Return (TSR) (performance(“TSR”) performance against peers).  the Russell 3000 Mid Cap Market Index.

Adjusted EBITDA and TSR were selected as performance measures because theyto provide a strong focus on profit and alignment to shareholder returns, respectively. The Adjusted Net Debt Scoring FactorFree Cash Flow is designed to ensure focus on de-leveraging and reducing the net debt. Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow performance are independently scored using separate payout curves; the outcomes of which could result in vested shares that are greater than, equal, or less than the original amount of total target shares. The performance factor is the product of the individual Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow payout curves, multiplied by the Relative TSR performance factor.

Actual vesting under the award can range from 0% to 145% of target if all maximum performance targets are met. Financial objectives were established by the Compensation Committee and reviewed by the Board, consistent with the authorization provided by the Company’s shareholders.

The 2018 Company-related LTI targets are basedtable below sets forth the PSUs granted pursuant to the Company’s compensation plans to its executive officers during 2021.
NameNo. of
Shares
Grant Date Fair ValueVesting
Period
Grant
Date
Per Share Market Price on Date of Grant
Marco Sala, Chief Executive Officer140,969 $26.69 2021-2024May 18, 2021$22.70 
211,454 $26.79 2021-2025May 18, 2021$22.70 
Max Chiara, Chief Financial Officer83,717 $26.69 2021-2024May 18, 2021$22.70 
125,576 $26.79 2021-2025May 18, 2021$22.70 
Other Executive Officers317,405 $26.69 2021-2024May 18, 2021$22.70 
476,110$26.79 2021-2025May 18, 2021$22.70 

Performance against 2019 to 2021 performance conditions for the PSUs vesting (2019 PSUs)

The equity awards amount included in the 2021 officer compensation table reflects the PSUs granted in 2019, the vesting of which was dependent on performance over three financial years ending on December 31, 2021 and continued service until April 1, 2022 for 50% of the PSUs and April 1, 2023 for the remaining 50% of PSUs. Given the impact of COVID-19 on the Company’s financial results, threshold performance for vesting was not achieved and the Compensation Committee did not use discretion to vest any portion of the 2019 PSUs.

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($ in millions)ThresholdTargetMaximumPayout %
2019 - 2021
Adjusted Cumulative EBITDA
5,0145,4205,691—%
Adjusted Net Debt7,6687,3687,068—%
EBITDA/Net Debt Matrix Result—%
Relative TSR Modifier<25th60th>75th119.8%
Performance results (% of target)(1)
—%
Total PSUs earned (% of maximum)(2)
—%
(1) EBITDA/Net Debt Matrix Result payout (0.0%) multiplied by Relative TSR Percentile payout (119.8%).
(2) The maximum number of shares to be earned under the 2019 PSU award is 145% of target.

CEO Co-Investment Plan

In 2021, the Company entered into a CEO Co-Investment Plan with Marco Sala. Mr. Sala’s appointment to executive chair of the Board, effective January 24, 2022, did not impact any of the vesting conditions for awards granted under the plan.The CEO Co-Investment Plan is intended to align Mr. Sala’s interests with those of the Company’s shareholders. Under the CEO Co-Investment Plan, the Company matched Mr. Sala’s commitment to hold his ordinary shares on a 1:1 basis (up to 470,000 shares), comprising a matching grant of up to 345,000 shares, awarded half in PSUs and half in stock options on May 11, 2021, and a matching grant of up to 125,000 shares awarded in PSUs on July 28, 2021.

The vesting conditions that apply to all PSUs and options awarded under the CEO Co-Investment Plan are as follows:
Mr. Sala remaining a director of the Company until the shareholders approve the Company’s 2023 financial statements at the AGM in 2024; and
if requested to do so by the Compensation Committee, Mr. Sala’s agreement to re-invest 50% of the total committed and awarded shares (considering also cash proceeds for exercised stock options) (after tax) in the next three-year co-investment plan in 2024 if he is confirmed as a director of the Company for another three-year mandate.

In addition, the 345,000 shares awarded on May 11, 2021 are subject to Mr. Sala’s continued ownership of at least 345,000 ordinary shares during the three-year performance period, while the 125,000 shares awarded on July 28, 2021 are subject to the condition that Mr. Sala continue to own at least 470,000 ordinary shares during the three-year performance period.

The number of PSUs and options awarded under the CEO Co-Investment Plan that vest will depend on the satisfaction of the following economic, consolidated performance:market and performance conditions:
Financial MetricType of Condition
Target Performance Shares Subject to Metric (1)
Target Performance Options Subject to Metric (1)
Absolute TSR (2)
Market86,25086,250
Consolidated Free Cash Flow (3)
Performance64,68864,688
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA (3)
Performance21,56221,562
Deleverage Achievement (4)
Performance62,500
Portfolio Analysis Achievement (5)
Performance31,250
Diversity and Inclusion (5)
Performance31,250
297,500172,500
A Three-Year Cumulative(1) Actual shares or options earned subject to the Consolidated Free Cash Flow and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA metrics may be equal or less than the target amount based on actual performance relative to target.
(2) Absolute TSR is equal to or greater than 20% over the three-year performance period (the initial price of at least 92.5%$17.18 is equal to the 20-day trading average stock price ending on the date of grant, and the final price is equal to the 60-trading-days-average stock price ending on the approval of the targeted total consolidated EBITDA of $5.262 billion;Company’s 2023 financial statements at the AGM in 2024).

An Adjusted Net Debt Scoring Factor measured on an Adjusted EBITDA/Adjusted Net Debt Scoring Matrix that positively or negatively adjusts the EBITDA payout based on net debt results versus the plan target of $7.381 billion;(3) Target amounts represent cumulative Consolidated Free Cash Flow and

Relative Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) against the Russell Mid Cap Market Index.

Awards granted in 2018 will vest 50% in 2021 and 50% in 2022 based on performance over the measurement period of 2018, 2019 and 2020.

Vesting in 2021 and 2022 Based on 2018 - 2020 Performance
Step 1: Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA Target $5.262 billion <92.5% 92.5% 100% 105%
% Vesting - 33.5% 100% 110%

Linear interpolation will be used between the applicable Adjusted EBITDA targets set forth above. In no event will the Adjusted EBITDA Payment Factor exceed 110%. Target cumulative Adjusted EBITDA for the measurement periodyears ended December 31, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively.
(4) Actual shares earned subject to the Deleverage Achievement condition (which is $5.262 billionbased on the Company’s Leverage Ratio as of December 31, 2023) may be equal to or less than the target amount based on actual performance relative to the target.
(5) Actual shares earned subject to the Portfolio Analysis Achievement and Diversity and Inclusion conditions will be equal to the target amount if the condition has been satisfied. The satisfaction of the Portfolio Analysis Achievement and Diversity and Inclusion performance conditions shall be determined at the sole discretion of the Compensation Committee.
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Grant of PSUs

The PSU awards granted under the CEO Co-Investment Plan in 2021 have a per share market price on the date of grant and grant date fair value of the shares as outlined in the table below.
Type of ConditionGrant DateNo. of
Shares
Grant Date Per Share Market PriceGrant Date Fair Value
MarketMay 11, 202186,250 $20.37 $14.88 
PerformanceMay 11, 202186,250 $20.37 $20.37 
PerformanceJuly 28, 2021125,000 $19.87 $19.87 

The PSU awards granted under the CEO Co-Investment Plan in 2021 will vest on the date the shareholders approve the Company’s 2023 financial statements at the AGM in 2024.

Grant of Stock Options

The 172,500 options granted Mr. Sala pursuant to the CEO Co-Investment Plan on May 11, 2021 have an exercise price of $20.37 and the options will expire on the fourth anniversary of the vesting date.

Amounts accrued for pensions and similar benefits
At December 31, 2021, the total amount accrued by the Company to provide pension, retirement, or similar benefits for its executive officers is $0.2 million.

Severance Arrangements
Certain executive officers of the Company are entitled to severance payments and benefits if such executive officer’s employment is terminated other than for cause under either individual employment agreements or provisions of national collective agreements for executives of the industry.

United States Executive Officers

The employment agreements with adjustmentsUnited States-based executive officers (i.e., Messrs. Celadon, Chiara, Gunn, Rishton, Sadusky, and Spears and Mses. Costa and Montgomery) generally provide for the following: foreign currency exchange differences (EUR only); US GAAP accounting changes; acquisitions, divesturesfollowing benefits upon a termination other than for “cause”:
18 months of base salary;
18 months of short-term incentives (“STI”) (based upon a three-year average) and asset sales; restructuring costperquisites;
18 months tax preparation;
any accrued but unpaid STI earned for the prior fiscal year;
a prorated STI for the current fiscal year based on actual performance;
18 months of health and welfare benefits continuation; and
18 months following termination of employment to exercise vested stock options, unless the options otherwise expire under the original terms and conditions of the award.

In addition, upon the United States-based executive officer’s death or disability, the executive officer will be entitled to the following benefits under the employment agreements:
18 months of base salary;
18 months of STI compensation (based upon a three-year average) and perquisites;
18 months of tax preparation;
any accrued but unpaid STI earned for the prior fiscal year;
a prorated STI for the current fiscal year based on actual performance;
24 months of health and welfare benefits continuation; and
18 months following termination of employment to exercise vested stock options, unless the options otherwise expire under the original terms and conditions of the award.
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Upon United States-based executive officer’s retirement from the Company, these employment agreements also provide for accelerated vesting of a portion of an executive officer’s outstanding RSUs and PSUs and an ability to exercise vested options until the expiration date.

Italian Executive Officers
Pursuant to the terms of the Italian national collective agreement for executives of the industry (Contratto Collettivo Nazionale di Lavoro per i Dirigenti di Aziende produttrici di beni e servizi), Ascoli, Cairoli, and Drago are generally entitled, unless ad hoc agreements provide differently, to the following severance payments and benefits upon a termination of employment by IGT Lottery S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.) other than for “cause,” a resignation for “good reason,” or due to the executive officer’s death or disability:
severance pay determined under the collective agreement;
any accrued but unpaid STI earned for the prior fiscal year; and
a notice indemnity equal to a minimum of six and a maximum of 12 months of total base salary and STI compensation.
Executive Chair Service and Severance Arrangements

Mr. Sala’s base salary as chair of the Board is £387,969 ($525,000) and €198,658 ($225,000) under his service agreements with the Parent (70%) and IGT Lottery S.p.A. (30%), respectively. In connection with his appointment as executive chair, certain arrangements in excessMr. Sala’s service agreement with the Parent were restructured.

Mr. Sala’s service agreement with the Parent (70% of employment) can be terminated by either party on the giving of six months’ notice, if not, immediately for cause. Mr. Sala cannot resign without prior approval from the Board. Following termination of employment, for a period of 24 months thereafter, Mr. Sala is subject to certain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on soliciting or providing goods or services to certain customers, employing or enticing away from the group certain persons employed by any group company or being involved with any business in competition with any group company, among others. As consideration for compliance with the post-employment restrictive covenants, Mr. Sala is entitled to a fixed payment amount upon termination of employment equal to the GBP equivalent of $7.5 million.

According to a severance agreement entered into between the Company and Mr. Sala (which supersedes a stability agreement originally entered into on February 20, 2012 between Mr. Sala and legacy GTECH S.p.A. and then assigned to Lottomatica S.p.A. as part of the merger), subject to Mr. Sala continuing to work during his notice period, he is entitled to a severance payment equal to one year’s base salary (plus any amounts owed to Mr. Sala) and a pro-rated STI payment as of the date of termination based on the projection of the Company’s full year business and financial results. The severance payment is subject to the Company determining that Mr. Sala is a good leaver which includes, but is not limited to, circumstances involving redundancy, permanent incapacity, or retirement with the agreement of the Company. No severance payment will be made if Mr. Sala’s employment is terminated for cause.
Under Mr. Sala’s IGT Lottery S.p.A. service agreement (30% of employment), he is entitled to the severance payments and benefits described in the “Italian-Based Executive Officers” section above.
Change in Control

In the event of a change in control, the Parent’s equity incentive plan provides for full accelerated vesting of all outstanding share options, share appreciation rights and full-value awards (other than performance-based awards), when a replacement award is not provided. In addition, any performance-based award for which a replacement award is not issued will be deemed to be earned and payable with all applicable performance metrics deemed achieved at the greater of: (a) the applicable target level; or (b) the level of achievement as determined by the Compensation Committee not later than the date of the change in control, taking into account performance through the latest date preceding the change in control as to which performance can practically be determined, but in no case, later than the end of the applicable performance period. In the event of the termination of service of a participant other than for cause within 24 months following a change in control, all replacement awards held by such participant shall fully vest and be deemed to be earned in full, with all applicable performance metrics deemed achieved at the greater of: (a) the applicable target level; or (b) the level of achievement as determined by the Compensation Committee taking into account performance through the latest date preceding the termination of service as to which performance can, as a practical matter, be determined (but not later than the applicable performance period).

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C.Board Practices
As of February 24, 2022, the Board consists of 12 members. 10 of the current directors were elected by shareholder vote on May 11, 2021, while Ashley M. Hunter and Maria Pinelli were appointed to the Board on January 14, 2022. See “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management” above. The term of office of the current Board will expire at the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company. Although Marco Sala was elected to a term of three years by shareholder vote on May 11, 2021, the Board has determined that Mr. Sala will also be subject to an annual appointment resolution at the Company’s next annual general meeting. Each director may be re-elected at any subsequent general meeting of shareholders. None of the Parent’s directors have service contracts with the Parent (or any subsidiary) providing for benefits upon termination of employment as a director, although Messrs. Sala, Sadusky and Chiara have entered into severance arrangements with the Parent as described in section “Item 6.B. Compensation - Severance Arrangements”.
The directors are responsible for the management of the Company’s business, for which purpose they may exercise all of the powers of the Parent whether relating to the management of the business or not. As described above in section “Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management,” as of February 24, 2022, the Board is comprised of (i) seven independent directors including James F. McCann, the Vice Chairperson of the Board and Lead Independent Director, and (ii) five non-independent directors including the Parent’s CEO, Vincent Sadusky, the Parent’s CFO, Massimiliano Chiara, the Board’s Executive Chair Marco Sala, Lorenzo Pellicioli, and Marco Drago. Messrs. Pellicioli and Drago are the chief executive officer and chairperson of the board, respectively, of De Agostini, the Parent’s controlling shareholder. Mr. Sala also serves on the board of De Agostini. B&D Holding S.p.A., the controlling shareholder of De Agostini, has announced that Mr. Sala will be proposed at the June 2022 annual general meeting of De Agostini as the next CEO of De Agostini, succeeding Mr. Pellicioli, who is retiring from the position.
The Board has the following committees: (1) an Audit Committee, (2) a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and (3) a Compensation Committee. The membership of each committee meets the independence and eligibility requirements of the NYSE and applicable law. The members of each committee are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the Board until such member’s successor is duly elected and qualified or until such member’s earlier resignation or removal. The chairperson of each committee is appointed by the Board.

The Audit Committee
The Parent’s Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things, assisting the Board’s oversight of:

the integrity of the Parent’s financial statements;
the Parent’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence;
the performance of the Parent’s internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm; and
the Parent’s internal controls over financial reporting and systems of disclosure controls and procedures.
The Audit Committee is also responsible for oversight of risk assessment and risk management, including with respect to major financial, compliance, strategic plan,and operational risk exposures (including cybersecurity risk), and formaking recommendations to the Board for any changes, amendments, and modifications to the Parent’s Code of Conduct and promptly disclosing any waivers for directors or executive officers, as required by applicable law.

As of February 24, 2022, the Audit Committee consists of Maria Pinelli (chairperson), Alberto Dessy, and Heather J. McGregor. The Board has determined that Ms Pinelli’s simultaneous service on the audit committees of three other public companies does not impair her ability to effectively serve on the Audit Committee. Each member of the Audit Committee must meet the financial literacy requirement, as such qualification is interpreted by the Board in its business judgment, or must become financially literate within a reasonable period of time after his or her appointment to the Audit Committee. In addition, at least one member of the Audit Committee must have accounting or related financial management expertise, as the Board interprets such qualification in its business judgment. See “Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert” of this annual report on Form 20-F for additional information regarding Audit Committee financial experts.
The Compensation Committee
The purpose of the Compensation Committee is to discharge the responsibilities of the Board relating to compensation of the Parent’s executives and directors. The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things:

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ensuring that provisions regarding disclosure of information, including pensions, as set out in the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 (U.K.), are fulfilled;
producing a report of the Parent’s remuneration policy and practices to be included in the Parent’s U.K. annual report and ensure that it is approved by the Board and put to shareholders for approval at the annual general meeting in accordance with the Companies Act 2006;
reviewing management recommendations and advising management on broad compensation policies such as salary ranges, deferred compensation, incentive programs, pension, and executive stock plans;
reviewing and approving goals and objectives relevant to the CEO’s compensation, evaluating the CEO’s performance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the CEO’s compensation level based on this evaluation;
monitoring issues associated with succession and management development of the CEO and other senior executives;
making recommendations to the Board with respect to non-CEO executive officer compensation, incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans that are subject to Board approval;
reviewing and recommending director compensation;
creating, modifying, amending, terminating, and monitoring compliance with stock ownership guidelines for executives and directors;
designing, reviewing and amending the Company’s policies relating to anti-harassment and coercion, and providing oversight of the enforcement of such policies by the Company’s People & Transformation department;
together with the Audit Committee, evaluating risks associated with the Company’s employees and employee-benefit related risks, including the Company’s compensation and benefits policies, plans and programs and discussing with management procedures to identify and mitigate such risks; and
reviewing, monitoring and making recommendations to the Board on human capital management matters including work environment and safety, culture and employee engagement, and diversity, equity and inclusion.

As of February 24, 2022, the Compensation Committee consists of Gianmario Tondato da Ruos (chairperson), Alberto Dessy, and Samantha Ravich.
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things:

recommending to the Board, consistent with criteria approved by the Board, the names of qualified persons to be nominated for election or re-election as directors (including, in consultation with the Compensation Committee, the CEO’s successor) and the membership and chairperson of each Board committee;
reviewing each Director’s character and integrity prior to appointment and in connection with re-nomination decisions and Board evaluations;
reviewing, at least annually the appropriate skills and characteristics required of Board members in the context of the current composition of the Board and its committees;
periodically reviewing the size, composition (including diversity) and leadership of the Board and committees thereof and recommending any proposed changes to the Board;
reviewing directorships in other public companies held by or offered to directors of the Parent with a view to ensuring that such external positions do not have a negative impact on the performance of such director;
reviewing and reassessing from time to time the Parent’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and recommending any changes to be appliedthe Board;
determining, at least annually, the independence of each director under the independence requirements of the NYSE and any other regulatory requirements and report such findings to the Board;
overseeing, at least annually, the evaluation of the performance of the Board and each Board committee, as negative adjustmentwell as individual directors where appropriate;
assisting the Parent in making the periodic disclosures related to EBITDA.the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and required by rules issued or enforced by the SEC, the Companies Act 2006 and any other rules and regulations of applicable law;

periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board concerning CEO emergency succession plans;
Step 2: Adjusted Net Debt Scoring Factorgiving due consideration to the Parent’s legal obligations in the context of nominations and corporate governance, including any changes in applicable law and to recommendations and associated guidance from advisors, professional bodies, and proxy advisory firms; and
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overseeing management’s corporate social responsibility program and giving due consideration to diversity and inclusion, sustainability, environmental and social matters that could impact the Company, the environment or the communities in which the Company operates.
As of February 24, 2022, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of James McCann (chairperson), Ashley M. Hunter and Samantha Ravich.
 
The Adjusted Net Debt Scoring Factor is a secondary scoring criteria that positively or negatively adjusts the Adjusted EBITDA payout based upon Adjusted Net Debt results versus the plan. Adjusted Net Debt refers to net debt as reported by the Companycharters for the relevant period and Target Net Debt for the measurement period is $7.381 billion with adjustments for the following: foreign currency exchange differences (EUR only); US GAAP accounting changes; acquisitions, divestitures, asset sales, refinancing, minority capital and transaction costs; stock transactions (i.e., net settlement, buy back); timing of significant upfront contract payments; and dividends and factoring/securitization. In no event will the Adjusted Net Debt Scoring Factor exceed 106%.

Step 3: Adjusted EBITDA/Adjusted Net Debt Payment Matrix

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Debt performance are combined in a grid of outcomes: the Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Debt Payment Matrix. The Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Debt Payment Matrix is the net vesting percentage, prior to TSR adjustment, resulting from the combined Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Debt Performance, which is determined at the endeach of the performance period as follows:Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are available at www.igt.com; information contained thereon, including each committee charter, is not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this annual report on Form 20-F.


Actual Adjusted EBITDA is divided by Target Adjusted EBITDA to determineIndemnification of Members of the percent attainment versus Target;

Actual Adjusted Net Debt is compared to the Target Net Debt; and

These two metrics are combined in the Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Debt Payment Matrix to result in a single financial score that is used to determine the vesting percentage prior to the TSR adjustment. In no event will the Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Debt Payment factor exceed 1.16%.


Step 4: Relative TSR Payment Factor
Relative TSR Payment Factor 
<25th
 Percentile
 
60th Percentile
 
>75th
 Percentile
% Vesting 75% 100% 125%
Board
 
The Relative TSR Payment FactorParent has committed, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, to indemnify and hold harmless (and advance any expenses incurred, provided that the person receiving such advancement undertakes to repay such advances if it is basedultimately determined such person was not entitled to indemnification), each of the Parent’s and its subsidiaries’ present and former directors, officers, and employees against all costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities, and settlement amounts paid in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, or investigation arising out of or related to such person’s service as a director, officer, or employee of the Parent or any of its subsidiaries.

D.     Employees
As of December 31, 2021, the Company conducted business in more than 100 countries on relative TSRsix continents and had 10,486 employees. The Company believes that its relationship with its employees is generally satisfactory. Most of the Company’s employees are not represented by any labor union. However, labor agreements are common in some countries around the world and the Company recognizes such arrangements and works closely with the applicable work councils. Relations with the Company’s mid-level employees and production workers in Italy are subject to Italy’s national collective bargaining agreement for the companies includedmetalworks industry. Relations with the Company’s executives in Italy are subject to the national collective bargaining agreement for executives in the Russell MidCap Index forindustry companies producing services (CCNL Dirigenti Industria). During the measurement period. After Adjusted EBITDAlast four years, the Company has not experienced any strike that significantly influenced its business activities. In the United States, three organizational units, totaling less than 100 employees, have elected representation by third-party union organizations. Collective bargaining agreements are in place with two of the organizational units and Adjusted Net Debtthe Company is negotiating in good faith a collective bargaining agreement with the third organizational unit.

The Company is operated under three business segments supported by central corporate support functions.

Human Capital

Human capital development is recognized as a critical strategic process at the Company. The Company actively builds employee skills and capabilities in an agile and outcome-focused way. The Company provides well-structured and competitive reward and benefit packages that ensure its ability to attract and retain the employees needed to successfully run the business. The Company invests in training and career development opportunities to support its employees in their careers. The Company also strives to create a fair and inclusive culture that values unity, diversity, and belonging in its people, players, customers, and communities.

Career development is a partnership between each employee, their manager and the Company, and is a conscious choice to grow and stretch individual capabilities and further a professional career. Employees and managers have a responsibility to drive their individual growth and development, with the Company providing the resources necessary to achieve these goals. New capabilities are calculated,developed by means of learning experiences, specific trainings, and through relationships/connections with others via coaching, mentoring, and feedback. Individual Development Plans, aligned to personal growth goals and business objectives, enable employees to develop the TSR modifier is appliedmost needed skills to reach individual goals. To support development, the Company has designed up-skilling and re-skilling plans to ensure people’s employability and to keep the Company competitive in the market.

Diversity and Inclusion

The Company understands that the varying backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives of its employees should reflect its global customers and the local communities where it operates. Diversity must be supported by a fair and inclusive culture that enables all employees to feel valued, respected, engaged, and empowered to contribute to the calculated vesting.business.

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The Performance Factor isCompany established the productOffice of Diversity & Inclusion (“D&I”) to guide strategic D&I initiatives and ensure that these topics continue to stay in focus and are embedded throughout the Adjusted EBITDACompany’s business processes.

Employees by Segment
 At December 31,
202120202019
Global Lottery4,404 4,388 4,406 
Global Gaming4,258 4,827 5,542 
Digital & Betting435 409 392 
Corporate and Other1,389 1,424 1,582 
 10,486 11,048 11,922 

Effective September 1, 2021, the Company adopted a new segment structure focused on three business segments: Global Lottery, Global Gaming and Adjusted Net Debt Payment Matrix, multiplied byDigital & Betting. The table above recasts the Relative TSR Payment Factor. Actual vesting underprior period employee information to conform to the plan can range from 0%current year presentation.

The table above includes 93, 15, and 131 interns and temporary employees at December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, the proportion of women among permanent employees was 31.20% and 21.90% of employees with the title of vice president or higher were female.

In 2021, 1,146 employees left the Company voluntarily. The staff voluntary attrition rate was 10.80%, compared to 145% if all maximum targets are met.6.70% in 2020 and 7.32% in 2019. Additionally, 904 employees had their employment involuntarily terminated, 189 of which were workforce reductions.

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E.Share Ownership
 
2016 and 2017 Long-Term Incentive Awards

In 2018, the Committee adjusted the metrics used for the 2016 and 2017 long-term incentive awards to enable the Company to achieve a more balanced scoring result in its outstanding performance-based RSUs. For these awards, the Committee eliminated the Net Debt / EBITDA leverage ratio and replaced it with a three-year Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Debt measured on the same matrix utilized for the 2018 awards, as discussed above. These changes were made because the prior plan put too much weight on EBITDA, which was essentially double counted through both the Adjusted EBITDA metric and net debt to EBITDA leverage ratio. This reduced the focus on net debt, which is an important measure of de-leveraging. In addition, the number of units earned in the 2016 plan will be multiplied by 75%, effectively reducing the award by 25%.


Executive Stock Ownership RequirementsThe Audit Committee
 
On July 28, 2015,The Parent’s Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things, assisting the Board’s oversight of:

the integrity of the Parent’s financial statements;
the Parent’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence;
the performance of the Parent’s internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm; and
the Parent’s internal controls over financial reporting and systems of disclosure controls and procedures.
The Audit Committee is also responsible for oversight of risk assessment and risk management, including with respect to major financial, compliance, strategic and operational risk exposures (including cybersecurity risk), and formaking recommendations to the Board for any changes, amendments, and modifications to the Parent’s Code of Conduct and promptly disclosing any waivers for directors or executive officers, as required by applicable law.

As of February 24, 2022, the Audit Committee consists of Maria Pinelli (chairperson), Alberto Dessy, and Heather J. McGregor. The Board has determined that Ms Pinelli’s simultaneous service on the audit committees of three other public companies does not impair her ability to effectively serve on the Audit Committee. Each member of the Audit Committee must meet the financial literacy requirement, as such qualification is interpreted by the Board in its business judgment, or must become financially literate within a reasonable period of time after his or her appointment to the Audit Committee. In addition, at least one member of the Audit Committee must have accounting or related financial management expertise, as the Board interprets such qualification in its business judgment. See “Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert” of this annual report on Form 20-F for additional information regarding Audit Committee financial experts.
The Compensation Committee
The purpose of the Compensation Committee is to discharge the responsibilities of the Board relating to compensation of the Parent’s executives and directors. The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things:

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ensuring that provisions regarding disclosure of information, including pensions, as set out in the Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 (U.K.), are fulfilled;
producing a report of the Parent’s remuneration policy and practices to be included in the Parent’s U.K. annual report and ensure that it is approved shareby the Board and put to shareholders for approval at the annual general meeting in accordance with the Companies Act 2006;
reviewing management recommendations and advising management on broad compensation policies such as salary ranges, deferred compensation, incentive programs, pension, and executive stock plans;
reviewing and approving goals and objectives relevant to the CEO’s compensation, evaluating the CEO’s performance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the CEO’s compensation level based on this evaluation;
monitoring issues associated with succession and management development of the CEO and other senior executives;
making recommendations to the Board with respect to non-CEO executive officer compensation, incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans that are subject to Board approval;
reviewing and recommending director compensation;
creating, modifying, amending, terminating, and monitoring compliance with stock ownership guidelines for Senior Vice Presidentsexecutives and above. Below is a summarydirectors;
designing, reviewing and amending the Company’s policies relating to anti-harassment and coercion, and providing oversight of the guidelines.enforcement of such policies by the Company’s People & Transformation department;
together with the Audit Committee, evaluating risks associated with the Company’s employees and employee-benefit related risks, including the Company’s compensation and benefits policies, plans and programs and discussing with management procedures to identify and mitigate such risks; and
Policy Effective Date:July 28, 2015
Stock Ownership Guidelines apply to:
Share plans starting in 2015
Any award vesting after the Policy Effective Date
Unvested Options as of the Policy Effective Date
Covered Executives:
CEO
Business Unit CEOs and Executive Vice Presidents
Senior Vice Presidents
Ownership Requirement Multiple of Base Salary:
CEO - 5X
Business Unit CEOs and Executive Vice Presidents - 3X
Senior Vice Presidents - 1X
Shares Included in Ownership:
All shares beneficially owned regardless of whether they are from a plan of the Parent or purchased on the market
Vested shares held in a trust to benefit the executive or family members
Shares under the legacy GTECH plans where vesting has been determined (earned) but shares have not been released
Note that Unearned Performance Shares do not count towards the Stock Ownership Guidelines until earned. (i.e., Performance Factor has not been determined/applied)
Legacy GTECH Holding Requirements:Holding requirements stated in legacy GTECH Plans are still in effect, in addition to the new Stock Ownership Guidelines
Additional Holding Requirement - Not in Compliance with Stock Ownership Requirements:50% of after tax options or shares that vest or are exercised after the effective date of the Stock Ownership Guidelines
Additional Holding Requirement - In Compliance with Stock Ownership Requirements:20% of after tax options or shares that are exercised or vest for a period of 3 years following the exercise or vest date
reviewing, monitoring and making recommendations to the Board on human capital management matters including work environment and safety, culture and employee engagement, and diversity, equity and inclusion.

As of February 24, 2022, the Compensation Committee consists of Gianmario Tondato da Ruos (chairperson), Alberto Dessy, and Samantha Ravich.
 

Director Stock Ownership RequirementsThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
 
Beginning November 10, 2020 (or five years after joiningThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things:

recommending to the Board, if such date is subsequent to November 10, 2020), each non-executive director is expected to hold, for as long as they remain onconsistent with criteria approved by the Board, ordinary sharesthe names of qualified persons to be nominated for election or re-election as directors (including, in consultation with the Compensation Committee, the CEO’s successor) and the membership and chairperson of each Board committee;
reviewing each Director’s character and integrity prior to appointment and in connection with re-nomination decisions and Board evaluations;
reviewing, at least annually the appropriate skills and characteristics required of Board members in the context of the current composition of the Board and its committees;
periodically reviewing the size, composition (including diversity) and leadership of the Board and committees thereof and recommending any proposed changes to the Board;
reviewing directorships in other public companies held by or offered to directors of the Parent with a view to ensuring that such external positions do not have a fair market value equalnegative impact on the performance of such director;
reviewing and reassessing from time to time the Parent’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and recommending any changes to the Board;
determining, at least three timesannually, the base annual retainer amount then in effect for non-executive directors.  The current base annual retainer amount is $100,000.

Amounts accrued for pensions and similar benefits
At December 31, 2018,independence of each director under the total amount accrued by the Company to provide pension, retirement, or similar benefits was $15.5 million.
Severance Arrangements
Certain executive officersindependence requirements of the Company are entitledNYSE and any other regulatory requirements and report such findings to severance payments and benefits if such executive officer’s employment is terminated other than for cause under either individual employment agreements or provisions of national collective agreements for executivesthe Board;
overseeing, at least annually, the evaluation of the industry.performance of the Board and each Board committee, as well as individual directors where appropriate;
The employment agreements with United States-based executive officers (i.e., Mssrs. Fornaro, Vincent and Celadon) generally provide forassisting the following benefits upon a termination other than for “cause.”
18 months of base salary, bonus (based upon a three-year average), and perquisites;
18 months tax preparation;
any accrued but unpaid bonus earned forParent in making the prior fiscal year;
a prorated bonus for the current fiscal year;
18 months of health and welfare benefit continuation; and
18 months following termination of employment to exercise vested stock options.

In addition, upon the United States executive officer’s death or disability, the executive officer will be entitledperiodic disclosures related to the following benefits under the employment agreements:
18 months of base salary;
18 months of bonus (based upon a three-year average) and perquisites;
18 months of tax preparation;
any accrued but unpaid bonus earned for the prior fiscal year;
a prorated bonus for the current fiscal year;
24 months of health and welfare benefit continuation; and
18 months following termination of employment to exercise vested stock options.
Upon an executive officer’s retirement from the Company, these employment agreements also provide for accelerated vesting of a portion of an executive officer’s outstanding performance share awards and an ability to exercise vested options until the expiration date.
Pursuant to the terms of the Italian national collective agreement for executives of the industry (Contratto Collettivo Nazionale di Lavoro per i Dirigenti di Aziende produttrici di beni e servizi), Messrs. Sala (30% of employment), Ascoli, Cairoli, and Di Loreto are generally entitled, unless ad hoc agreements provide differently, to the following severance payments and benefits upon a termination of employment by Lottomatica Holding S.r.l. ("Lottomatica") other than for “cause,” a resignation for “good reason,” or due to the executive officer’s death or disability:
severance pay determined under the collective agreement;
any accrued but unpaid bonus earned for the prior fiscal year; and
a notice indemnity equal to a minimum of six and a maximum of 12 months of total base salary and STI compensation.
Under the Lottomatica service agreement, Mr. Sala’s base salary is €272,003 ($311,591 at of December 31, 2018) split in 13 equal gross installments, plus additional benefits, including a company car. Mr. Sala also receives an integrative pension fund in accordance with Italian law.
Mr. Sala also has a service agreement with the Parent (70% of employment) for which Mr. Sala's employment can be terminated by either party on the giving of three months’ notice, if not immediately for cause. If terminated other than for cause, Mr. Sala is

entitled to a severance payment worth three years of base salary and short-term incentive assumed at top level as of the termination date. Mr. Sala cannot resign without prior approval from the Board. Under this agreement, Mr. Sala shall be paid a salary of £450,520 ($574,837 at of December 31, 2018) per annum and this salary shall be reviewed by the Board annually, but the Parent is under no obligation to award an increase in salary. The Parent will also fully reimburse Mr. Sala for any expenses incurred as a result of his appointment.

CEO Co-Investment Award

To further align Mr. Sala’s interests with those of shareholders, in 2018, the Company matched Mr. Sala’s commitment to hold his shares of Company stock 1:1 (up to 345,000 shares). The current CEO Co-Investment Award was granted in 2018. The matching grant was awarded half in shares and half in stock options, and will vest only if the following conditions are met:

Absolute TSR is equal to or greater than 20% over the three-year performance period (the initial price of $28.32 is equal to the 20-trading-days average stock price ending on the date of grant, and the final price is equal to the 60-trading-days-average stock price ending on the approval of the Company's 2020 financial statements at the AGM in 2021);
Mr. Sala’s continued ownership of 345,000 ordinary shares during the three-year performance period;
Mr. Sala remains an executive director of the Company until the shareholders approve the Company's 2020 financial statements at the AGM in 2021; and
Mr. Sala’s agreement to re-invest 50% of the total committed and awarded shares (considering also cash proceeds for exercised stock options) (after tax) in the next three-year co-investment plan if in 2021 he is confirmed as an executive director of the Company for another three-year mandate.
According to the terms of Mr. Sala's Co-Investment Award, if all of the conditions listed above are met, all shares and all options will fully vest on the date the shareholders approve the Company's 2020 financial statements at the AGM in 2021. Options will have an additional three year exercise period, with the option exercise price on the date of grant of $30.12.

The CEO does not receive any other benefits under his employment contract with the Parent.

C.
Board Practices
The Board currently consists of 10 members. The current directors were elected by shareholder vote on May 17, 2018. See “Item 6.A. Directors, Senior Management and Employees” above. The term of office of the current Board will expire at the conclusion of the next annual general meeting of the Company. Each director may be re-elected at any subsequent general meeting of shareholders. None of the Parent's directors have service contracts with the Parent (or any subsidiary) providing for benefits upon termination of employment as a director.
The directors are responsible for the management of the Company’s business, for which purpose they may exercise all of the powers of the Parent whether relating to the management of the business or not. As described above in section “Item 6.A. Directors, Senior Management and Employees,” the Board currently comprises (i) seven independent directors including James F. McCann, the Lead Independent Director, and (ii) three non-independent directors including the Parent’s CEO, Marco Sala, the Board's Chairperson, Lorenzo Pellicioli, and Marco Drago. Messrs. Pellicioli and Drago are the chief executive officer and chairperson of the board, respectively, of De Agostini, the Parent's controlling shareholder.
The Board has the following committees: (1) an Audit Committee, (2) a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and (3) arequired by rules issued or enforced by the SEC, the Companies Act 2006 and any other rules and regulations of applicable law;
periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board concerning CEO emergency succession plans;
giving due consideration to the Parent’s legal obligations in the context of nominations and corporate governance, including any changes in applicable law and to recommendations and associated guidance from advisors, professional bodies, and proxy advisory firms; and
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overseeing management’s corporate social responsibility program and giving due consideration to diversity and inclusion, sustainability, environmental and social matters that could impact the Company, the environment or the communities in which the Company operates.
As of February 24, 2022, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of James McCann (chairperson), Ashley M. Hunter and Samantha Ravich.
The charters for each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee. The membership ofCommittee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are available at www.igt.com; information contained thereon, including each committee meets the independence and eligibility requirementscharter, is not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this annual report on Form 20-F.

Indemnification of Members of the NYSEBoard
The Parent has committed, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, to indemnify and hold harmless (and advance any expenses incurred, provided that the person receiving such advancement undertakes to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined such person was not entitled to indemnification), each of the Parent’s and its subsidiaries’ present and former directors, officers, and employees against all costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities, and settlement amounts paid in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, or investigation arising out of or related to such person’s service as a director, officer, or employee of the Parent or any of its subsidiaries.

D.     Employees
As of December 31, 2021, the Company conducted business in more than 100 countries on six continents and had 10,486 employees. The Company believes that its relationship with its employees is generally satisfactory. Most of the Company’s employees are not represented by any labor union. However, labor agreements are common in some countries around the world and the Company recognizes such arrangements and works closely with the applicable law.  work councils. Relations with the Company’s mid-level employees and production workers in Italy are subject to Italy’s national collective bargaining agreement for the metalworks industry. Relations with the Company’s executives in Italy are subject to the national collective bargaining agreement for executives in the industry companies producing services (CCNL Dirigenti Industria). During the last four years, the Company has not experienced any strike that significantly influenced its business activities. In the United States, three organizational units, totaling less than 100 employees, have elected representation by third-party union organizations. Collective bargaining agreements are in place with two of the organizational units and the Company is negotiating in good faith a collective bargaining agreement with the third organizational unit.

The members of each committee are appointedCompany is operated under three business segments supported by and servecentral corporate support functions.

Human Capital

Human capital development is recognized as a critical strategic process at the discretionCompany. The Company actively builds employee skills and capabilities in an agile and outcome-focused way. The Company provides well-structured and competitive reward and benefit packages that ensure its ability to attract and retain the employees needed to successfully run the business. The Company invests in training and career development opportunities to support its employees in their careers. The Company also strives to create a fair and inclusive culture that values unity, diversity, and belonging in its people, players, customers, and communities.

Career development is a partnership between each employee, their manager and the Company, and is a conscious choice to grow and stretch individual capabilities and further a professional career. Employees and managers have a responsibility to drive their individual growth and development, with the Company providing the resources necessary to achieve these goals. New capabilities are developed by means of learning experiences, specific trainings, and through relationships/connections with others via coaching, mentoring, and feedback. Individual Development Plans, aligned to personal growth goals and business objectives, enable employees to develop the Board until such member’s successor is duly electedmost needed skills to reach individual goals. To support development, the Company has designed up-skilling and qualifiedre-skilling plans to ensure people’s employability and to keep the Company competitive in the market.

Diversity and Inclusion

The Company understands that the varying backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives of its employees should reflect its global customers and the local communities where it operates. Diversity must be supported by a fair and inclusive culture that enables all employees to feel valued, respected, engaged, and empowered to contribute to the business.
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The Company established the Office of Diversity & Inclusion (“D&I”) to guide strategic D&I initiatives and ensure that these topics continue to stay in focus and are embedded throughout the Company’s business processes.

Employees by Segment
 At December 31,
202120202019
Global Lottery4,404 4,388 4,406 
Global Gaming4,258 4,827 5,542 
Digital & Betting435 409 392 
Corporate and Other1,389 1,424 1,582 
 10,486 11,048 11,922 

Effective September 1, 2021, the Company adopted a new segment structure focused on three business segments: Global Lottery, Global Gaming and Digital & Betting. The table above recasts the prior period employee information to conform to the current year presentation.

The table above includes 93, 15, and 131 interns and temporary employees at December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, the proportion of women among permanent employees was 31.20% and 21.90% of employees with the title of vice president or until such member’s earlier resignation or removal.higher were female.

In 2021, 1,146 employees left the Company voluntarily. The chairpersonstaff voluntary attrition rate was 10.80%, compared to 6.70% in 2020 and 7.32% in 2019. Additionally, 904 employees had their employment involuntarily terminated, 189 of each committee is appointed by the Board.which were workforce reductions.


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E.Share Ownership
The Audit Committee
 
The Parent’s Audit Committee is responsible for, among other things, assisting the Board'sBoard’s oversight of:


the integrity of the Parent’s financial statements;
the Parent’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
the independent registered public accounting firm’s qualifications and independence; and
the performance of the Parent’s internal audit function and independent registered public accounting firm.firm; and
the Parent’s internal controls over financial reporting and systems of disclosure controls and procedures.
 

The Audit Committee currentlyis also responsible for oversight of risk assessment and risk management, including with respect to major financial, compliance, strategic and operational risk exposures (including cybersecurity risk), and formaking recommendations to the Board for any changes, amendments, and modifications to the Parent’s Code of Conduct and promptly disclosing any waivers for directors or executive officers, as required by applicable law.

As of February 24, 2022, the Audit Committee consists of Vincent L. SaduskyMaria Pinelli (chairperson), Paget L. Alves,Alberto Dessy, and Heather J. McGregor. The Board has determined that Ms Pinelli’s simultaneous service on the audit committees of three other public companies does not impair her ability to effectively serve on the Audit Committee. Each member of the Audit Committee must meet the financial literacy requirement, as such qualification is interpreted by the Board in its business judgment, or must become financially literate within a reasonable period of time after his or her appointment to the Audit Committee. In addition, at least one member of the Audit Committee must have accounting or related financial management expertise, as the Board interprets such qualification in its business judgment. See “Item 16.A.16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert” of this annual report on Form 20-F for additional information regarding Audit Committee financial experts.
 
The Compensation Committee
 
The purpose of the Compensation Committee is to discharge the responsibilities of the Board relating to compensation of the Parent’s executives and directors. The Compensation Committee is responsible for, among other things:


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ensuring that provisions regarding disclosure of information, including pensions, as set out in the Large and Medium-
sizedMedium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 (U.K.), are fulfilled;
producing a report of the Parent’s remuneration policy and practices to be included in the Parent’s U.K. annual report and ensure that it is approved by the Board and put to shareholders for approval at the annual general meeting in accordance with the Companies Act 2006;
reviewing management recommendations and advising management on broad compensation policies such as salary
ranges, deferred compensation, incentive programs, pension, and executive stock plans;
reviewing and approving goals and objectives relevant to the CEO’s compensation, evaluating the CEO’s performance
in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the CEO’s compensation level;level based on this evaluation;
monitoring issues associated with CEO succession (in non-emergencies) and management development of the CEO and other senior executives;
making recommendations to the Board with respect to the Parent’s non-CEO executive officer compensation;compensation, incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans that are subject to Board approval;
reviewing and recommending director compensation; and
creating, modifying, amending, terminating, and monitoring compliance with stock ownership guidelines for executives and directors.directors;

designing, reviewing and amending the Company’s policies relating to anti-harassment and coercion, and providing oversight of the enforcement of such policies by the Company’s People & Transformation department;
Thetogether with the Audit Committee, evaluating risks associated with the Company’s employees and employee-benefit related risks, including the Company’s compensation and benefits policies, plans and programs and discussing with management procedures to identify and mitigate such risks; and
reviewing, monitoring and making recommendations to the Board on human capital management matters including work environment and safety, culture and employee engagement, and diversity, equity and inclusion.

As of February 24, 2022, the Compensation Committee currently consists of Gianmario Tondato da Ruos (chairperson), Alberto Dessy, and Mr. Alves.Samantha Ravich.
 
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
 
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for, among other things:


recommending to the Board, consistent with criteria approved by the Board, the names of qualified persons to be
nominated for election or re-election as directors (including, in consultation with the Compensation Committee, the CEO’s successor) and the membership and chairperson of each Board committee;
reviewing each Director’s character and integrity prior to appointment and in connection with re-nomination decisions and Board evaluations;
reviewing, at least annually the appropriate skills and characteristics required of Board members in the context of the current composition of the Board and its committees;
periodically reviewing the size, composition (including diversity) and leadership of the Board and committees thereof and recommending any proposed changes to the Board;
reviewing directorships in other public companies held by or offered to directors and senior officers of the Parent;Parent with a view to ensuring that such external positions do not have a negative impact on the performance of such director;
making recommendations to the Board for any changes, amendments and modifications to the Parent's code of conduct and promptly disclosing any waivers for directors or executive officers, as required by applicable law;
monitoringreviewing and reassessing from time to time the Parent'sParent’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and recommending any
changes to the Board;
determining, at least annually, the independence of each director under the independence requirements of the NYSE
and any other regulatory requirements and report such findings to the Board;
overseeing, at least annually, the evaluation of the performance of the Board and each Board committee, as well as individual directors where appropriate;
assisting the Parent in making the periodic disclosures related to the Nominating and Corporate Governance
Committee and required by rules issued or enforced by the SEC;SEC, the Companies Act 2006 and any other rules and regulations of applicable law;
periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board concerning CEO emergency succession plans; and
consideringgiving due consideration to the Parent’s legal obligations in the context of nominations and corporate governance, including any changes in applicable law and to recommendations and associated guidance from advisors, professional bodies, and proxy advisory firms.firms; and
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overseeing management’s corporate social responsibility program and giving due consideration to diversity and inclusion, sustainability, environmental and social matters that could impact the Company, the environment or the communities in which the Company operates.
 
TheAs of February 24, 2022, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee currently consists of Mr.James McCann (chairperson), Ashley M. Hunter and Patti S. Hart.Samantha Ravich.
 
The charters for each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee are available at www.igt.com; information contained thereon, including each committee charter, is not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this annual report on Form 20-F.


Indemnification of Members of the Board
 
The Parent has committed, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, to indemnify and hold harmless (and advance any expenses incurred, provided that the person receiving such advancement undertakes to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined such person was not entitled to indemnification), each of the Parent’s and IGT’s and theirits subsidiaries’ present and former directors, officers, and employees against all costs and expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages, liabilities, and settlement amounts paid in connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding, or investigation arising out of or related to such person’s service as a director, officer, or employee of the Parent or IGT's or any of their subsidiaries at or prior to the formation of the Company.its subsidiaries.

D.     Employees
 
The Articles and IGT’s certificateAs of incorporation and bylaws provide, and will continue to provide for six years following the formation of the Company, for the exculpation and indemnification of, and advancement of expenses to, the Parent's and IGT's directors, officers, and employees.

D.Employees
At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company conducted business in approximatelymore than 100 countries on six continents and had 12,10010,486 employees. The Company believes that its relationship with its employees is generally satisfactory. Most of the Company’s employees are not represented by any labor union. However, labor agreements are common in some countries around the world and the Company recognizes such arrangements and works closely with the applicable work councils. Relations with the Company’s mid-level employees and production workers in Italy are subject to Italy’s national collective bargaining agreement for the metalworks industry. Relations with the Company’s executives in Italy are subject to the national collective bargaining agreement for executives in the industry companies producing services (CCNL Dirigenti Industria). During the last four years, the Company has not experienced any strike that significantly influenced its business activities. In the United States, three organizational units, totaling less than 100 employees, have elected representation by third-party union organizations. Collective bargaining agreements are in place with two of the organizational units and the Company is currently negotiating in good faith a collective bargaining agreement with the third organizational unit.


The Company is operated under fourthree business segments supported by central corporate support functions.

Human Capital

Human capital development is recognized as a critical strategic process at the Company. The Company actively builds employee skills and capabilities in an agile and outcome-focused way. The Company provides well-structured and competitive reward and benefit packages that ensure its ability to attract and retain the employees needed to successfully run the business. The Company invests in training and career development opportunities to support its employees in their careers. The Company also strives to create a fair and inclusive culture that values unity, diversity, and belonging in its people, players, customers, and communities.

Career development is a partnership between each employee, their manager and the Company, and is a conscious choice to grow and stretch individual capabilities and further a professional career. Employees and managers have a responsibility to drive their individual growth and development, with the Company providing the resources necessary to achieve these goals. New capabilities are developed by means of learning experiences, specific trainings, and through relationships/connections with others via coaching, mentoring, and feedback. Individual Development Plans, aligned to personal growth goals and business objectives, enable employees to develop the most needed skills to reach individual goals. To support development, the Company has designed up-skilling and re-skilling plans to ensure people’s employability and to keep the Company competitive in the market.

Diversity and Inclusion

The Company understands that the varying backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives of its employees should reflect its global customers and the local communities where it operates. Diversity must be supported by a fair and inclusive culture that enables all employees to feel valued, respected, engaged, and empowered to contribute to the business.
77

The Company established the Office of Diversity & Inclusion (“D&I”) to guide strategic D&I initiatives and ensure that these topics continue to stay in focus and are embedded throughout the Company’s business processes.

Employees by Segment
  At December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
North America Gaming and Interactive (1) (2) (3)
 5,438
 4,777
 6,999
North America Lottery (2)
 1,635
 2,608
 2,482
International (3)
 1,505
 1,542
 813
Italy (3)
 2,034
 1,950
 1,057
Corporate Support (1)
 1,488
 1,401
 1,262
  12,100
 12,278
 12,613
 At December 31,
202120202019
Global Lottery4,404 4,388 4,406 
Global Gaming4,258 4,827 5,542 
Digital & Betting435 409 392 
Corporate and Other1,389 1,424 1,582 
 10,486 11,048 11,922 
(1) In 2018, there was
Effective September 1, 2021, the Company adopted a re-organization that moved Internal IT Services headcount from North Americanew segment structure focused on three business segments: Global Lottery, Global Gaming and InteractiveDigital & Betting. The table above recasts the prior period employee information to conform to the Corporate Support organization as part of the new CIO group.current year presentation.
(2) In 2018, there was a re-organization that combined functions from North America Gaming and Interactive and North America Lottery which increased headcount in North America Gaming and Interactive and decreased headcount in North America Lottery.
(3) In 2017, there was a re-organization that moved headcount from North America Gaming and Interactive to the International and Italy organizations.


The charttable above includes 147, 172,93, 15, and 151131 interns and temporary employees at December 31, 2018, 2017,2021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively.


AtAs of December 31, 2018,2021, the proportion of women among permanent employees was 31%31.20% and 20%21.90% of employees with the title of vice president or higher were female.


In 2018, 9452021, 1,146 employees left the Company voluntarily. The staff voluntary attrition rate was 7.88%10.80%, compared to 6.74%6.70% in 20172020 and 7.47%7.32% in 2016.2019. Additionally, 426904 employees had their employment involuntarily terminated, 238189 of which were workforce reductions.


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E.Share Ownership
Executive Stock Ownership Requirements
On July 28, 2015, the Board approved share ownership guidelines for Senior Vice Presidents and above. These executive share ownership guidelines were most recently amended on November 3, 2021. Below is a summary of the guidelines.
Policy Effective Date:July 28, 2015
Stock Ownership Guidelines apply to:Share plans starting in 2015
Any award vesting after the Policy Effective Date
Unvested Options as of the Policy Effective Date
Covered Executives:CEO
Business Unit CEOs and Executive Vice Presidents
Senior Vice Presidents
Ownership Requirement Multiple of Base Salary:CEO - 5X
Business Unit CEOs and Executive Vice Presidents - 3X
Senior Vice Presidents reporting to the CEO - 1X
Senior Vice Presidents not reporting to the CEO - 0.5X
Shares Included in Ownership:
E.All shares beneficially owned regardless of whether they are from a plan of the Parent or any of its predecessor companies (a “Legacy Plan”) or purchased on the market
Vested shares held in a trust to benefit the executive or family members
Shares under the legacy GTECH plans where vesting has been determined (earned) but shares have not been released
Note that Unearned Performance Shares do not count towards the Stock Ownership Guidelines until earned. (i.e., Performance Factor has not been determined/applied)
ShareLegacy Plan Holding Requirements:Holding requirements stated in Legacy Plans are still in effect, in addition to the new Stock Ownership Guidelines
Additional Holding Requirement - Not in Compliance with Stock Ownership Requirements:50% of after tax options or shares that vest or are exercised after the effective date of the Stock Ownership Guidelines
Additional Holding Requirement - In Compliance with Stock Ownership Requirements:20% of after tax options or shares that are exercised or vest for a period of 3 years following the exercise or vest date
Executive DirectorsEach Executive Director must hold all net settled shares received under a plan of the Parent for a period of at least five years from the date of grant. The period expires on the fifth anniversary of the date of grant, provided the relevant director meets his/her holding requirements under the Guidelines.
Executive Director Post-Employment Holding RequirementEach Executive Director must hold a number of shares equal to (i) the lower of the target level and the actual shareholding immediately prior to departure for one year from cessation of employment, and (ii) the lower of 50% of the target level and the actual shareholding at the start of the second year post-departure from the first anniversary through the second anniversary of cessation of employment.
 
Director Stock Ownership Requirements
Beginning November 10, 2020 (or five years after joining the Board if such date is subsequent to November 10, 2020), each non-executive director is expected to hold, for as long as they remain on the Board, ordinary shares of the Parent that have a fair market value equal to at least three times the base annual retainer amount then in effect for non-executive directors. The current base annual retainer amount is $100,000. Non-compliant non-executive directors are prohibited from selling shares of the Parent until they have met their applicable target level of share ownership, excluding any shares sold to cover any applicable tax withholding requirements or the exercise price of any share options.

The following table sets forth information, as of February 28, 2019,24, 2022, regarding the beneficial ownership of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares, including:
 
each member of the Board;
each executive officer and senior consultant of the Parent; and
all members of the Board, and executive officers, and senior consultant, taken together.
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Beneficial ownership is determined under the rules of the SEC and generally includes voting or investment power over securities. Except in cases where community property laws apply or as indicated in the footnotes to this table, the Parent believes that each shareholder identified in the table possesses sole voting and investment power over all ordinary shares of the Parent shown as beneficially owned by that shareholder. Percentage of beneficial ownership is based on approximately 204.2203.8 million ordinary shares of the Parent outstanding as of February 28, 2019. 24, 2022.
Name of Beneficial OwnerNumber of
Ordinary
Shares
Number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon vest within 60 days
Percentage(1)
Directors:  
Marco Sala1,207,847 — 0.59 
James F. McCann66,629 — 0.03 
Massimiliano Chiara25,863 — 0.01 
Alberto Dessy63,755 — 0.03 
Marco Drago67,034 — 0.03 
Ashley Hunter— — Less than 0.005
Heather J. McGregor28,897 — 0.01 
Lorenzo Pellicioli145,658 — 0.07 
Maria Pinelli— — Less than 0.005
Dr. Samantha F. Ravich22,667 — 0.01 
Vincent L. Sadusky73,702 — 0.04 
Gianmario Tondato da Ruos62,784 — 0.03 
Non-Director Executive Officers:   
Renato Ascoli237,976 — 0.12 
Fabio Cairoli90,783 — 0.04 
Fabio Celadon33,464 — 0.02 
Dorothy Costa10,043 — Less than 0.005
Enrico Drago16,297 — 0.01 
Scott Gunn17,873 — 0.01 
Wendy Montgomery7,737 — Less than 0.005
Timothy Rishton17,977 — 0.01 
Christopher Spears16,348 — 0.01 
2,213,334 — 1.09 
Name of Beneficial Owner 
Number of
Ordinary
Shares(1)
 
Number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon vest within 60 days(2)
 
Percentage(3)
Directors:  
    
Lorenzo Pellicioli 89,564
 
 0.04
James F. McCann 71,332
 
 0.03
Paget L. Alves 27,983
 
 0.01
Alberto Dessy 24,405
 
 0.01
Marco Drago 20,986
 
 0.01
Patti S. Hart 58,325
 
 0.03
Heather J. McGregor 6,106
 
 less than 0.005
Vincent L. Sadusky 35,123
 
 0.02
Marco Sala 1,515,119
 45,050
 0.76
Gianmario Tondato da Ruos 21,993
 
 0.01
Non-Director Executive Officers:  
  
  
Renato Ascoli 324,198
 19,711
 0.17
Walter Bugno 368,799
 14,344
 0.19
Fabio Cairoli 49,540
 11,688
 0.03
Fabio Celadon 38,134
 2,148
 0.02
Mario Di Loreto 
 5,312
 less than 0.005
Alberto Fornaro 309,358
 15,938
 0.16
Scott Gunn 53,976
 3,094
 0.03
Wendy Montgomery 
 748
 less than 0.005
Robert Vincent 71,938
 4,250
 0.04
All Board members and executive officers as a group 3,086,879
 122,283
 1.57
(1) Includes shares issuable upon the exercise of options which are exercisable as of March 8, 2019, the details of which are included in the "Amount Exercisable (Vested)" in the table below.
(2) Represents performance share units expected in the next 60 days, fractional amounts have been rounded to the nearest whole number. Excludes shares issuable upon the exercise of options.
(3) Any securities not outstanding that are subject to options or conversion privileges exercisable within 60 days of March 8, 2019February 24, 2022 are deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding securities of the class owned by any person holding such securities and by all Board members and executive officers as a group, but are not deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of the class owned by any other individual person. Except where noted, percentages have been rounded to the nearest hundredth.
 

The table below sets forth the options on the Parent’s ordinary shares granted to each executive officerMr. Sala that were outstanding as of March 1, 2019.February 24, 2022. As of such date, neither Mssrs Cairoli and Di Loreto nor Ms. Montgomeryno executive officer other than Mr. Sala held outstanding options. Further, none of the directors held outstanding options, other than MarcoMr. Sala. For each of the option grants listed below, the options are exercisable for ordinary shares of the Parent, and there is no purchase price applicable to the options other than the exercise price indicated below.
NameGrant DateAmount of
Shares
Underlying
Grant
Amount
Exercisable (Vested)
Amount
Unexercisable (Unvested)
Exercise
Price
Expiration Date
Marco SalaMay 11, 2021172,500 172,500 $20.37 (1)
(1) The options will expire on the fourth anniversary of the vesting date, which is the date on which the audited financial statements for the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 are approved by the shareholders of the Company at its annual general meeting, which is expected to occur in May 2024.
Name Grant Date 
Amount of
Shares
Underlying
Grant
 
Amount
Exercisable (Vested)
 
Amount
Unexercisable (Unvested)
 
Exercise
Price
 Expiration Date
Marco Sala July 30, 2013 349,069
 251,329
 
 $21.74
 May 27, 2019
  July 31, 2014 420,673
 328,124
 
 $20.29
 May 26, 2020
  November 30, 2015 250,000
 250,000
 
 $15.53
 December 31, 2022
  May 15, 2018 172,500
  172,500
 $30.12
 May 15, 2024
Renato Ascoli July 30, 2013 125,665
 90,478
 
 $21.74
 May 27, 2019
Walter Bugno July 30, 2013 93,085
 67,021
 
 $21.74
 May 27, 2019
  July 31, 2014 117,521
 91,666
 
 $20.29
 May 26, 2020
Fabio Celadon July 30, 2013 10,704
 7,706
 
 $21.74
 May 27, 2019
  July 31, 2014 17,094
 13,333
 
 $20.29
 May 26, 2020
Alberto Fornaro July 30, 2013 84,707
 60,989
 
 $21.74
 May 27, 2019
  July 31, 2014 106,944
 83,416
 
 $20.29
 May 26, 2020
Robert Vincent July 30, 2013 12,101
 8,712
 
 $21.74
 May 27, 2019
  July 31, 2014 32,051
 24,999
 
 $20.29
 May 26, 2020
Scott Gunn July 30, 2013 21,409
 15,414
 
 $21.74
 May 27, 2019
  July 31, 2014 27,029
 21,082
 
 $20.29
 May 26, 2020

For a further discussion of stock-based employee compensation, please see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—22. Stock-Based Compensation.”Compensation” included in Item 18. “Financial Statements”.



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Item 7.
Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions


Table of Contents
A.
Item 7.Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

A.Major Shareholders
Major Shareholders
 
At February 28, 2019,24, 2022, the Parent'sParent’s outstanding capital stock consisted of 204,210,731203,805,647 ordinary shares having a nominal value of $0.10 per share, 204,210,731 special voting shares205,878,508 Special Voting Shares of $0.000001 each, and 50,000 sterling non-voting shares of £1£1.00 each, held by ElianIntertrust Corporate Services (U.K.)(UK) Limited. Each ordinary share carries one vote and each special voting share carries 0.9995 votes.
 
The following table sets forth information with respect to beneficial ownership of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares by persons known by the Parent to beneficially own 5% or more of voting rights as a result of their ownership of ordinary shares and election to exercise the votes of special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares by placing the associated ordinary shares on the Loyalty Register as of February 28, 2019.24, 2022.
Name of Beneficial OwnerNumber of 
Ordinary
Shares Owned
Percent of 
Ordinary
Shares Owned(1)
Number of Ordinary Shares on the Loyalty Register
Percent of Total 
Voting Power(1)
De Agostini S.p.A.103,422,32450.75%85,422,32465.29%
Name of Beneficial Owner
Number of 
Ordinary
Shares Owned
Percent of 
Ordinary
Shares Owned
Number of Ordinary Shares on the Loyalty Register
Percent of Total 
Voting Power
De Agostini S.p.A.103,422,324
50.64%103,422,324
67.23%
(1) Excluding treasury shares.

At February 28, 2019,24, 2022, B&D Holding di Marco Drago e C. S.a.p.a. ("S.p.A. (“B&D Holding"Holding”) owned 72.68%61.24% of De Agostini. Marco Drago is the chairperson and a director of B&D Holding, and Lorenzo Pellicioli is a director of B&D Holding. B&D Holding is in turn owned by members of the Boroli and Drago families.


Significant Changes in Ownership


Prior to January 1, 2018, De Agostini's wholly-owned subsidiary, DeA Partecipazioni S.p.A., held 10,073,006 ordinary shares. Effective January 1, 2018, DeA Partecipazioni S.p.A. merged into De Agostini, resulting in the transfer of ownership of 10,073,006 ordinary shares from DeA Partecipazioni S.p.A. to De Agostini.


On May 22, 2018, De Agostini entered into a variable forward transaction (the "Variable“Variable Forward Transaction"Transaction”) with Credit Suisse Securities, Sociedad de Valores S.A., as assignee of Credit Suisse International ("(“Credit Suisse"Suisse”) relating to 18.018 million of the Company'sCompany’s ordinary shares owned by De Agostini (the "Variable“Variable Forward Transaction Shares"Shares”). As part of the Variable Forward Transaction, to hedge its exposure Credit Suisse or its affiliates borrowed approximately 13.2 million of the Company'sCompany’s ordinary shares from third-party stock lenders and subsequently sold such ordinary shares in an underwritten public offering through Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, acting as the underwriter, pursuant to an automatically effective registration statement on Form F-3 (including a base prospectus) filed by the Company with the SEC on May 21, 2018.


The Variable Forward Transaction does not currently impact De Agostini's ownership and voting rights with respect to the Variable Forward Transaction Shares, though if De Agostini pledges any of the Variable Forward Transaction Shares to Credit Suisse as part of the Variable Forward Transaction at a future date, the Variable Forward Transaction Shares will be removed from the Loyalty Register. Credit Suisse will also have, in the event of a De Agostini default or similar enforcement event pursuant to the Variable Forward Transaction, the right to vote or direct the vote and dispose of or direct the disposition of the Variable Forward Transaction Shares pledged by De Agostini, but not to direct the votes of the related Special Voting Shares unless they subsequently elect to place such shares on the Loyalty Register in accordance with the terms of the Loyalty Plan.

De Agostini elected, effective as of May 25, 2018, to place all its owned ordinary shares, including the Variable Forward Transaction Shares, on the Loyalty Register, thereby gaining the power to exercise the votes of the related Special Voting Shares. In April 2020, De Agostini pledged the Variable Forward Transaction Shares to Credit Suisse as part of the Variable Forward Transaction and as a result removed the Variable Forward Transaction Shares from the Loyalty Register. As of February 28, 2019,24, 2022, no other shareholder has elected to place any ordinary shares on the Loyalty Register. For more information regarding the Special Voting Shares and the Loyalty Register, please see “Item 10.BMemorandum and Articles of Association—AssociationLoyalty Plan.”


Credit Suisse has, in the event of a De Agostini default or similar enforcement event under the pledge, the right to vote or direct the vote and dispose of or direct the disposition of the Variable Forward Transaction Shares, but not to direct the votes of the related Special Voting Shares unless Credit Suisse subsequently elects to place such shares on the Loyalty Register in accordance with the terms of the Loyalty Plan.

Voting Rights 
 
De Agostini controls the Parent but does not have different voting rights from the Parent'sParent’s other shareholders, aside from the election to exercise the votes of the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares related to the shares owned by De Agostini. However, through its voting rights, De Agostini has the ability to control the Company and significantly influence the decisions submitted to a vote of the Parent'sParent’s shareholders, including approval of annual dividends, the election and removal of directors, mergers or other business combinations, the acquisition or disposition of assets, and issuances of equity, and the incurrence of indebtedness.



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Additional Share Information
 
The Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares are listed and can be traded on the NYSE in U.S. dollars. The Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares may be held in the following two ways:
 
beneficial interests in the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares that are traded on the NYSE are held through the book-entry system provided by The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) and are registered in the register of shareholders in the name of Cede & Co., as DTC’s nominee; and

in certificated formform.
 
All of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares are held on the U.S. registry. As atAt February 28, 2019,24, 2022, there were 110168 record holders in the U.S. holding approximately 49.35%49.25% of the Parent'sParent’s outstanding ordinary shares, including ordinary shares held by Cede & Co., the nominee for DTC. Ordinary shares held through DTC may be beneficially owned by holders within or outside of the U.S. The shares held by De Agostini are beneficially owned by an entity organized under the laws of Italy. At February 28, 2019,24, 2022, there were 204,210,731 special voting shares205,878,508 Special Voting Shares of the Parent outstanding, which are all held by Computershare Company Nominees Limited in its capacity as the nominee appointed by the Parent to hold the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares under the terms of the Parent’s Loyalty Plan.
 
The Parent's special voting sharesParent’s Special Voting Shares are not listed on the NYSE and will be transferable only in very limited circumstances. For more information regarding the Special Voting Shares, please see “Item 10.B Memorandum and Articles of Association—AssociationLoyalty Plan.”


B.
Related Party Transactions

B.Related Party Transactions

The Company engages in business transactions with certain related parties, which include (i) entities and individuals capable of exercising control, joint control, or significant influence over the Company, (ii) De Agostini or entities directly or indirectly controlled by De Agostini and (iii) unconsolidated subsidiaries or joint ventures of the Company. Members of the Company’sParent’s Board of Directors, executives with authority for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Company and such Directors'Directors’ and executives'executives’ close family members are also considered related parties.

The Company is majority-owned by De Agostini. Amounts receivable from De Agostini and subsidiaries of De Agostini (the “De Agostini Group”) are non-interest bearing. Transactions with the De Agostini Group include payments for support services provided and office space rented pursuant to a lease entered into prior to the formation of the Company. In addition, certain of the Company’s Italian subsidiaries have a tax unit agreement, and in some cases, a value-added tax agreement, with De Agostini pursuant to which De Agostini consolidates certain Italian subsidiaries of De Agostini for the collection and payment of taxes to the Italian tax authority. Tax-related receivables from De Agostini were $4 million and $0 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Tax-related payables to De Agostini were $3 million and $19 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company generally carries out transactions with related parties on commercial terms that are normal in their respective markets, considering the characteristics of the goods or services involved. For a further discussion of transactions with related parties, including transactions with De Agostini and companies in which we have strategic investments that develop software, hardware, and other technologies or provide services supporting the Company’s technologies, please see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - 26. 24.Related Party Transactions.”Transactions” included in Item 18. “Financial Statements”.


C.Interests of Experts and Counsel
C.Interests of Experts and Counsel
 
Not applicable.


Item 8.Financial Information
 
A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
 
See “Item 18. Financial Statements” for the Company'sCompany’s Consolidated Financial Statements including the Notes thereto and reportsreport of its independent registered accounting firm. The Company has not yet implemented a formal policy on dividend distributions.
 
B.Significant Changes
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B.Significant Changes
 
Not applicable.No significant changes have occurred since December 31, 2021, the date of the financial statements included in this annual report on Form 20-F, other than those referenced in Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements - 15. Debt, 19. Shareholders’ Equity and25.Subsequent EventswithinItem 18. Financial Statements.


Item 9.The Offer and Listing
 
A.
A.Offer and Listing Details
Offer and Listing Details
 
The Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “IGT.” 
B.
B.Plan of Distribution
Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.

C.Markets
C.Markets
The Parent'sParent’s outstanding ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “IGT.”
D.Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.D.Selling Shareholders
E.Dilution
Not applicable.
F.Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.

E.Dilution
Item10.
Additional Information

Not applicable.
F.Expenses of the Issue
A.Share Capital
Not applicable.

Item10.Additional Information

A.Share Capital
 
Not applicable.


B.Memorandum and Articles of Association
B.     Memorandum and Articles of Association
 
The Parent is a public limited company registered in England and Wales under company number 09127533. Its objects are unrestricted, in line with the default position under the CA 2006.Companies Act 2006, as amended. The following is a summary of certain provisions of the Articles and of the applicable laws of England. The following is a summary and, therefore, does not contain full details of the Articles, which are attached as Exhibit 1.1 to this annual report on Form 20-F.
 
BoardThe Parent’s board of directors (the “Board”)
 
Directors’ interests
 
Except as otherwise provided in the Articles, a director may not vote on or be counted in the quorum in relation to a resolution of the directors or committee of the directors concerning a matter in which he has a direct or indirect interest which is, to his knowledge, a material interest (otherwise than by virtue of his interest in shares or debentures or other securities of or otherwise in or through the Parent), including with respect to compensation, but this prohibition does not apply to any interest arising only because a resolution concerns any of the following matters:
 
the giving of a guarantee, security, or indemnity in respect of money lent or obligations incurred by him or any other person at the request of or for the benefit of the Parent or any of its subsidiary undertakings;


the giving of a guarantee, security, or indemnity in respect of a debt or obligation of the Parent or any of its subsidiary undertakings for which the director has assumed responsibility in whole or in part, either alone or jointly with others, under a guarantee or indemnity or by the giving of security;


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a transaction or arrangement concerning an offer of shares, debentures, or other securities of the Parent or any of its subsidiary undertakings for subscription or purchase, in which offer he is or may be entitled to participate as a holder of securities or in the underwriting or sub-underwriting of which he is to participate;


a transaction or arrangement to which the Parent is or is to be a party concerning another company (including a subsidiary undertaking of the Parent) in which he or any person connected with him is interested (directly or indirectly) whether as an officer, shareholder, creditor, or otherwise (a “relevant company”), if he and any persons connected with him do not to his knowledge hold an interest in shares (as that term is used in sectionsSections 820 to 825 of the CA 2006) representing 1% or more of either any class of the equity share capital (excluding any share of that class held as treasury shares) in the relevant company or of the voting rights available to members of the relevant company;


a transaction or arrangement for the benefit of the employees of the Parent or any of its subsidiary undertakings (including any pension fund or retirement, death or disability scheme) which does not award him a privilege or benefit not generally awarded to the employees to whom it relates; or



a transaction or arrangement concerning the purchase or maintenance of any insurance policy for the benefit of directors or for the benefit of persons including directors.


Directors’ borrowing powers
 
The directors may exercise all the powers of the Parent to borrow money and to mortgage or charge all or part of the undertaking, property, and assets (present or future) and uncalled capital of the Parent and, subject to the CA 2006, to issue debentures and other securities, whether outright or as collateral security for a debt, liability, or obligation of the Parent or of a third party.
 
Directors’ shareholding requirements
 
A director need not hold shares in the Parent to qualify to serve as a director.
 
Age limit
 
There is no age limit applicable to directors in the Articles.
 
Compliance with NYSE Rules
 
For as long as the Parent’s ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE, the Parent will comply with all NYSE corporate governance standards set forth in Section 303A3 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual applicable to non-controlled domestic U.S. issuers, regardless of whether the Parent is a foreign private issuer.
 
Classes of shares
 
The Parent has three classes of shares in issue. This includes ordinary shares of U.S. $0.10 each; special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares of U.S. $0.000001 each (the “Special Voting Shares”);each; and sterling non-voting shares of £1.00 each (the “Sterling Non-Voting Shares”).
 
Dividends and distributions
 
Subject to the CA 2006, the Parent'sParent’s shareholders may declare a dividend on the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares by ordinary resolution, and the Board may decide to pay an interim dividend to holders of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares in accordance with their respective rights and interests in the Parent, and may fix the time for payment of such dividend. Under English law, dividends may only be paid out of distributable reserves, defined as accumulated realized profits (so far as not previously utilized by distribution or capitalizationcapitalization) less accumulated realized losses to the extent(so far as not previously written off in a reduction or reorganization of capital duly made,made), and not out of share capital, which includes the share premium account.
The Special Voting Shares and Sterling Non-Voting Shares do not entitle their holders to dividends.
 
If 12 years have passed from the date on which a dividend or other sum from the Parent became due for payment and the distribution recipient has not claimed it, the distribution recipient is no longer entitled to that dividend or other sum and it ceases to remain owing by the Parent.
 
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The Articles also permit a scrip dividend scheme under which the directors may, with the prior authority of an ordinary resolution of the Parent, allot to those holders of a particular class of shares who have elected to receive them further shares of that class or ordinary shares in either case credited as fully paid instead of cash in respect of all or part of a dividend or dividends specified by the resolution.



Voting rights
 
Subject to any rights or restrictions as to voting attached to any class of shares and subject to disenfranchisement in the event of non-payment of any call or other sum due and payable in respect of any shares not fully paid, the voting rights of shareholders of the Parent in a general meeting are as follows:
 
1.On a show of hands,
 
a.the shareholder of the Parent who (being an individual) is present in person or (being a corporation) is present by a duly authorized corporate representative at a general meeting of the Parent will have one vote; and
 
b.every person present who has been appointed by a shareholder as a proxy will have one vote, except where:
 
i.that proxy has been appointed by more than one shareholder entitled to vote on the resolution; and
 
ii.the proxy has been instructed:
 
A.by one or more of those shareholders to vote for the resolution and by one or more of those shareholders to vote against the resolution; or
 
B.     by one or more of those shareholders to vote in the same way on the resolution (whether for or against) and one or more of those shareholders has permitted the proxy discretion as to how to vote,

in which case, the proxy has one vote for and one vote against the resolution.
 
2.On a poll taken at a meeting, every qualifying shareholder present and entitled to vote on the resolution has one vote for every ordinary share of the Parent of which he, she, or it is the holder, and 0.9995 votes for every Special Voting Share for which he, she, or it is entitled under the terms of the Parent’s loyalty voting structure to direct the exercise of the vote.
 
Under the Articles, a poll on a resolution may be demanded by the chairperson, the directors, five or more people having the right to vote on the resolution, or a shareholder or shareholders (or their duly appointed proxies) having not less than 10% of either the total voting rights or the total paid up share capital. Once a resolution is declared, such persons may demand the poll both in advance of, and during, a general meeting, either before or immediately after a show of hands on such resolution.
 
In the case of joint holders, only the vote of the senior holder who votes (or any proxy duly appointed by him) may be counted by the Parent.

The necessary quorum for a general shareholder meeting is the shareholders who together represent at least a majority of the voting rights of all the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy, save that if the Parent only has one shareholder entitled to attend and vote at the general meeting, one shareholder present in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote is a quorum.

In case of a meeting requisitioned by the shareholders, where the quorum is not met the meeting is dissolved. In case of other meetings, where the quorum is not met, the meeting is adjourned. If a meeting is adjourned for lack of quorum, the quorum of the adjourned meeting will be one shareholder present in person or by proxy.
 
The Sterling Non-Voting Shares carry no voting rights (save where required by law).


Winding up


On a return of capital of the Parent on a winding up or otherwise, the holders of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares (and any other shares outstanding at the relevant time which rank equally with such shares) will share equally, on a share for share basis, in the Parent’s assets available for distribution, save that:after paying:


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the holders of the Special Voting Shares who will be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Parent available for distribution to its shareholders the sum of, in aggregate, U.S. $1.00 but shall not be entitled to any further participation in the assets of the Parent; and


the holders of the Sterling Non-Voting Shares who will be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Parent available for distribution to its shareholders the sum of, in aggregate, £1.00 but shall not be entitled to any further participation in the assets of the Parent,
but in no case will any of such holders be entitled to any further participation in the assets of the Parent.
 
Redemption provisions
 
The Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares are not redeemable.
 
The Special Voting Shares may be redeemed by the Parent for nil consideration in certain circumstances (as set out in the Articles).
 
The Sterling Non-Voting Shares may be redeemed by the Parent for nil consideration at any time.
 
Sinking fund provisions
 
None of the Parent'sParent’s shares are subject to any sinking fund provision under the Articles or as a matter of English law.
 
Liability to further calls
 
No holder of any share in the Parent is liable to make additional contributions of capital in respect of its shares.
 
Discriminating provisions
 
There are no provisions discriminating against a shareholder because of his or her ownership of a particular number of shares.
 
Variation of class rights
 
The Articles treat the Parent’s ordinary shares and the Special Voting Shares as a single class for the purposes of voting. Any special rights attached to any shares in the Parent'sParent’s capital may (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) be varied or abrogated, either while the Parent is a going concern or during or in contemplation of a winding up, with the consent in writing of those entitled to attend and vote at general meetings of the Parent representing 75.0%75% of the voting rights attaching to the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares and the Special Voting Shares, in aggregate, which may be exercised at such meetings, or with the sanction of 75% of those votes attaching to the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares and the Special Voting Shares, in aggregate, cast on a special resolution proposed at a separate general meeting of all those entitled to attend and vote at the Parent'sParent’s general meetings, but not otherwise. The CA 2006 allows an English company to vary class rights of shares by a resolution of 75.0%75% of the shareholders of the class in question. The Articles treat the Parent's ordinary shares and the Special Voting Shares as a single class for the purposes of voting.
 
A resolution to vary any class rights relating to the giving, variation, revocation or renewal of any authority of the directors to allot shares or relating to a reduction of the Parent’s capital may only be varied or abrogated in accordance with the CA 2006 but not otherwise.
 
The rights attached to a class of shares are not, unless otherwise expressly provided for in the rights attaching to those shares, deemed to be varied by the creation, allotment, or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with or subsequent to them or by the purchase or redemption by the Parent of its own shares in accordance with the CA 2006.


General meetings and notices
 
The Board has the power to call a general meeting of shareholders at any time. The Board shall determine whether a general meeting (including an annual general meeting) is to be held as a physical general meeting or an electronic general meeting (or a combination thereof). In addition, the Board must convene such a meeting if it has received requests to do so from shareholders representing at least 5% of the paid uppaid-up share capital of the Parent as carries voting rights at general meetings in accordance with sectionSection 303 of the CA 2006.
 
An annual general meeting must be called by not less than 21 clear days’ notice (i.e., excluding the date of receipt or deemed receipt of the notice and the date of the meeting itself). All other general meetings will be called by not less than 14 clear days’
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notice. A general meeting may be called by shorter notice if it is agreed to by a majority in number of the shareholders having the

right to attend and vote at the meeting, being a majority who together hold not less than 95% in nominal value of the shares giving that right. At least seven clear days’ notice is required for any meeting adjourned for 28 days or more or for an indefinite period.
 
The notice of a general meeting will be given to the shareholders (other than any who, under the provisions of the Articles or the terms of allotment or issue of shares, are not entitled to receive notice), to the Board, to the beneficial owners nominated to enjoy information rights under the CA 2006, and to the auditors. The shareholders entitled to receive notice of and attend a general meeting are those on the share register at the close of business on a day determined by the directors. Under English law, the Parent is required to hold an annual general meeting within six months from the day following the end of its fiscal year and, subject to the foregoing, the meeting may be held at a time and place (whether physical or electronic or a combination thereof) determined by the Board whether within or outside of the U.K.
 
The notice of general meeting must specify a time (which must not be more than 48 hours, excluding any part of a day that is not a working day, before the time fixed for the meeting) by which a person must be entered on the share register in order to have the right to attend or vote at the meeting. Only such persons or their duly appointed proxies have the right to attend and vote at the meeting of shareholders.
 
Limitations on rights to own shares
 
There are no limitations imposed by the Articles or the applicable laws of England on the rights to own shares, including the right of non-residents or foreign persons to hold or vote the Parent'sParent’s shares, other than limitations that would generally apply to all shareholders.
 
Change of control
 
There is no specific provision in the Articles that directly would have an effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of the Parent and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition, or corporate restructuring involving the Parent or any of its subsidiaries. However, the loyalty voting structure may make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or attempt to acquire, control of the Parent. As a result of the loyalty voting structure, it is possible that a relatively large portion of the voting rights of the Parent could be concentrated in a relatively small number of holders who would have significant influence over the Parent. Such shareholders participating in the loyalty voting structure could reduce the likelihood of change of control transactions that may otherwise benefit holders of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares. For a discussion of this risk, see “Item 33. Key Information - D. Risk Factors."
 
Disclosure of ownership interests in shares
 
Under article 59 of the Articles, shareholders must comply with the notification obligations to the Parent contained in Chapter 5 (Vote Holder and Issuer Notification Rules) of the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules (“DTR”) (including, without limitation, the provisions of DTR 5.1.2) as if the Parent were an issuer whose home member state is in the United Kingdom, save that the obligation arises if the percentage of voting rights reaches, exceeds, or falls below 1% and each one percent threshold thereafter (up or down) up to 100%. In effect, this means that a shareholder must notify the Parent if the percentage of voting rights in the Parent it holds reaches 1% and crosses any one percent threshold thereafter (up or down).
 
Section 793 of the CA 2006 gives the Parent the power to require persons whom it knows have, or whom it has reasonable cause to believe have, or within the previous three years have had, any ownership interest in any shares of the Parent to disclose specified information regarding those shares. Failure to provide the information requested within the prescribed period (or knowingly or recklessly providing false information) after the date the notice is sent can result in criminal or civil sanctions being imposed against the person in default.
Under article 60 of the Articles, if any shareholder, or any other person appearing to be interested in the Parent'sParent’s shares held by such shareholder, fails to give the Parent the information required by a sectionSection 793 notice, then the Board may withdraw voting rights and certain other rights, place restrictions on the rights to receive dividends, and transfer of such shares (including any shares allotted or issued after the date of the Section 793 notice in respect of those shares).
 
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Changes in share capital
  
The Articles authorize the Company to allot (with or without conferring rights of renunciation), issue, grant options over or otherwise deal with or dispose of shares in the capital of the Company and to grant rights to subscribe for, or to convert any security into, shares in the capital of the Company to such persons, at such times and upon such terms as the directors may decide, provided that no share may be issued at a discount. Pursuant to a shareholder resolution passed on May 11, 2021, for a period expiring (unless previously revoked, varied or renewed) at the end of the next annual general meeting of the Company or, if sooner, on August 10, 2022, directors are authorized to:

(i)     allot ordinary shares in the Parent, or to grant rights to subscribe for or to convert or exchange any security into shares in the Parent, up to five years froman aggregate nominal amount (i.e., par value) of U.S. $6,828,552.20 and up to a further aggregate nominal amount of $6,828,552.20 where the dateallotment is in connection with an offer by way of a rights issue;

(ii)     allot Special Voting Shares and to grant rights to subscribe for, or to convert any security into, Special Voting Shares, up to a maximum aggregate nominal amount of $136.60; and

(iii)    exclude pre-emption rights: first, in relation to offers of equity securities by way of rights issue; second, in relation to the allotment of equity securities for cash up to an aggregate nominal amount (i.e., par value) of U.S. $1,024,282.90; and third, in relation to an acquisition or other capital investment up to an aggregate nominal amount (i.e., par value) of U.S. $1,024,282.90.
These provisions are more restrictive than required under English law which does not prescribe a limit for the maximum amounts for allotment of shares or exclusion of pre-emption rights.

Pursuant to a shareholder resolution passed on May 11, 2021, for a period expiring (unless previously revoked, varied or renewed) at the end of the shareholder resolution granting them authority (which resolution was passednext annual general meeting of the Company or, if sooner, on March 13, 2015),November 10, 2022, the Parent is authorized to purchase its own ordinary shares of any class, on the terms of any buyback contractthe share repurchase contracts approved by the shareholders, (or otherwise as may be permitted by the CA 2006), provided that:


1.(i)the maximum aggregate number of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares authorized to be purchased equals 20%20,485,656, representing 10% of the total then issued ordinary sharesshares;

(ii) the minimum price (exclusive of expenses) which may be paid by the relevant class on April 7, 2015 (subject to adjustmentsCompany for consolidation or division);each ordinary share shall be U.S. $0.10; and
 
2.(iii)the maximum price that(exclusive of expenses) which may be paid to purchase an ordinary share of the Parent is 105% of the average market value of an ordinary share for the five business days prior to the day the purchase is made (subject to any further price restrictions contained in any buybackshare repurchase contract);.
3.the maximum aggregate number of Special Voting Shares authorized to be purchased will equal 20% of the total issued Special Voting Shares of the relevant class on April 7, 2015 (subject to adjustments for consolidation or division); and
4.the maximum price that may be paid to purchase a Special Voting Share is its nominal value.

These provisions are more restrictive than required under English law; an English company islaw which does not required to set limits in its articles onprescribe a limit for the maximum aggregate number or price paid for thean "off market" repurchase of its shares.

The Articles authorize the directors, for a period of up to five years from the date of the shareholder resolution granting them authority (which resolution was passed on March 13, 2015), to allot shares in the Parent, or to grant rights to subscribe for or to convert or exchange any security into shares in the Parent, up to an aggregate nominal amount (i.e., par value) of U.S. $185,000,000.
The Articles authorize the directors, for a period of up to five years from the date of the shareholder resolution granting them authority (which resolution was passed on March 13, 2015), to exclude pre-emption rights in respect of such issuances up to an aggregate nominal amount (i.e., par value) of U.S. $185,000,000.
These provisions are more restrictive than required under English law; an English company is not required to set limits in its articles on the maximum amounts for allotment of shares or exclusion of pre-emption rights.

Loyalty Plan
 
Scope
 
The Parent has implemented a loyalty plan (the “Loyalty Plan”),Loyalty Plan, the purpose of which is to reward long-term ownership of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares and promote stability of the Parent'sParent’s shareholder base by granting long-term shareholders, subject to certain terms and conditions, with the equivalent of 1.9995 votes for each ordinary share that they hold. The Loyalty Plan is governed by the provisions of the Articles and the Loyalty Plan Terms and Conditions from time to time adopted by the Board, a copy of which is available on the Company'sCompany’s website, together with some Frequently Asked Questions.
 
Characteristics of Special Voting Shares
 
Each Special Voting Share carries 0.9995 votes. The Special Voting Shares and ordinary shares will be treated as if they are a single class of shares and not divided into separate classes for voting purposes (save upon a resolution in respect of any proposed termination of the Loyalty Plan).
 
The Special Voting Shares have only minimal economic entitlements. Such economic entitlements are designed to comply with English law but are immaterial for investors.
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Issue
 
The number of Special Voting Shares on issue equals the number of ordinary shares on issue. A nominee appointed by the Parent (the “Nominee”), which is currently Computershare Company Nominees Limited, holds the Special Voting Shares on behalf of the shareholders of the Parent as a whole, and will exercise the voting rights attached to those shares in accordance with the Articles.
 
Participation in the Loyalty Plan
 
In order to become entitled to elect to participate in the Loyalty Plan, a person must maintain ownership in accordance with the Loyalty Plan for a continuous period of three years or more (an “Eligible Person”). 
 
An Eligible Person within the Loyalty Plan Terms and Conditions may elect to participate in the Loyalty Plan by submitting a validly completed and signed election form (the “Election Form”) and, if applicable, the requisite custodial documentation, to the Parent’s designated agent (the “Agent”). The Election Form is available on the Company'sCompany’s website. Upon receipt of a valid Election

Form and, if applicable, custodial documentation, the Agent will register the relevant ordinary shares on a separate register (the “Loyalty Register”). In order for an Eligible Person’s ordinary shares to remain on the Loyalty Register, they may not be sold, disposed of, transferred, pledged or subjected to any lien, fixed or floating charge or other encumbrance, except in very limited circumstances.
 
Voting arrangements
 
The Nominee will exercise the votes attaching to the Special Voting Shares held by it from time to time at a general meeting or a class meeting: (a) in respect of any Special Voting Shares associated with ordinary shares held by an Eligible Person, in the same manner as the Eligible Person exercises the votes attaching to those IGT PLC ordinary shares; and (b) in respect of all other Special Voting Shares, in the same percentage as the outcome of the vote of any general meeting (taking into account any votes exercised pursuant to (a) above).
 
The proxy or voting instruction form in respect of an Eligible Person’s ordinary shares will contain an instruction and authorization in favor of the Nominee to exercise the votes attaching to the Special Voting Shares associated with those ordinary shares in the same manner as that Eligible Person exercises the votes attaching to those ordinary shares.
 
Transfer or withdrawal
 
If, at any time and for any reason, one or more ordinary shares are de-registered from the Loyalty Register, or any ordinary shares held by an Eligible Person on the Loyalty Register are sold, disposed of, transferred (other than with the benefit of a waiver in respect of certain permitted transfers), pledged or subjected to any lien, fixed or floating charge or other encumbrance, the Special Voting Shares associated with those ordinary shares will cease to confer on the Eligible Person any voting rights (or any other rights) in connection with those Special Voting Shares and such person will cease to be an Eligible Person in respect of those Special Voting Shares.
 
A shareholder may request the de-registration of their ordinary shares from the Loyalty Register at any time by submitting a validly completed Withdrawal Form to the Agent. The Agent will release the ordinary shares from the Loyalty Register within three business days thereafter. Upon de-registration from the Loyalty Register, such ordinary shares will be freely transferable. From the date on which the Withdrawal Form is processed by the Agent, the relevant shareholder will be considered to have waived their rights in respect of the relevant Special Voting Shares.
 
Termination of the Plan
 
The Loyalty Plan may be terminated at any time with immediate effect by a resolution passed on a poll taken at a general meeting with the approval of members representing 75% or more of the total voting rights attaching to the ordinary shares of members who, being entitled to vote on that resolution, do so in person or by proxy. For the avoidance of doubt, the votes attaching to the Special Voting Shares will not be exercisable upon such resolution.


Upon termination of the Loyalty Plan, the directors may elect to redeem or repurchase the Special Voting Shares from the Nominee for nil consideration or to reclassifycancel them, or convert the Special Voting Share into deferred shares carrying no voting rights and no economic rights (or any other rights), save that on a return of capital or a winding up, the holder of the deferred shares shall be entitled to, in aggregate, $1.00.
 
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Transfer
 
The Special Voting Shares may not be transferred, except in exceptional circumstances, e.g., for transfers between Loyalty Plan nominees.
 
Repurchase or redemption
 
Special Voting Shares may only be purchased or redeemed by the Parent in limited circumstances, including to reduce the number of Special Voting Shares held by the Nominee in order to align the aggregate number of ordinary shares and Special Voting Shares in issue from time to time or upon termination of the Loyalty Plan or pursuant to an off-market purchase arrangement.Plan. Special Voting Shares may be redeemed or repurchased for nil considerationconsideration.

C.Material Contracts
Share Sale and repurchasedPurchase Agreement with PostePay S.p.A. – Patrimonio Destinato IMEL

On February 25, 2022, the Parent’s wholly-owned subsidiary, IGT Lottery S.p.A. entered into a share sale and purchase agreement to sell 100% of the share capital of Lis Holding S.p.A., a wholly-owned subsidiary of IGT Lottery S.p.A. that conducts the Company’s Italian commercial services business, to PostePay S.p.A. – Patrimonio Destinato IMEL, an entity of the Italian postal service provider group, for (dependinga purchase price of €700 million. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals and is expected to close during the third quarter of 2022.

Share Sale and Purchase Agreement with Gamenet Group S.p.A.

On December 7, 2020, the Parent’s wholly-owned subsidiary, IGT Lottery S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.), entered into a share sale and purchase agreement with Gamenet Group S.p.A. Pursuant to the share sale and purchase agreement, and subject to the terms and conditions therein, Lottomatica agreed to sell 100% of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., which conducted the IGT group's Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, to Gamenet Group S.p.A, a subsidiary of funds managed by an affiliate of Apollo Global Management, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “Apollo”) for a cash sale price of €950 million, €725 million of which was paid at closing, €100 million of which was paid on August 5, 2021, and the circumstances) nil consideration or their nominal value.remaining €125 million of which is payable on September 30, 2022. The remaining payment is not subject to any conditions other than closing and is secured by an equity commitment letter from Apollo-managed funds.


C.Material Contracts

Observer Agreement with De Agostini


On May 16, 2018, the Parent'sParent’s directors approved anthe observer agreement (the “Observer Agreement”) between De Agostini and the Company permitting De Agostini to appoint an observer to attend meetings of the Parent'sParent’s directors. On May 17, 2018,November 15, 2021, the Observer Agreement was renewed for a new two-year term and Paolo Ceretti, a former director of the Parent, acknowledged and agreed to his renewed appointment by De Agostini as an observer pursuant to the terms of the Observer Agreement. TheUnless renewed, the Observer Agreement expiresis set to expire following the meeting of the Parent'sParent’s directors at which the financial results for the third quarter of 20192023 are reviewed.
 
Agreements Related to the Italian Lotto License


In March 2016, the Parent, through its subsidiary IGT Lottery S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.), Italian Gaming Holding a.s. ("IGH"), Arianna 2001, and Novomatic Italia (the "Consortium"“Consortium”) entered into a consortium agreement (the "Consortium Agreement"“Consortium Agreement”) to bid on the Italian Gioco del Lotto license (the “Lotto License”). On May 16, 2016, the Consortium was awarded management of the Lotto License for a nine-year term. Under the terms of the Consortium Agreement, LottomaticaIGT Lottery S.p.A. is the principal operating partner to fulfill the requirements of the Lotto License. According to the bid procedure and Consortium Agreement, a joint venture company called Lottoitalia s.r.l ("Lottoitalia"(“Lottoitalia”) has been established with LottomaticaIGT Lottery S.p.A. having 61.5% equity ownership interest, and the remainder of the equity ownership shared among the other three Consortium members. For a further discussion of the Consortium Agreement's terms, please see "Notes“Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—19.  Non-Controlling Interests."20.  Variable Interest Entities” included in Item 18. “Financial Statements”.


Illinois Contract Letter Agreement
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Italian Scratch & Win License
Commencing in July 2011, the Company provided lottery management services in Illinois through Northstar Lottery Group, LLC (“Northstar”), a consortium in which a subsidiary of
In December 2017, the Parent, through its subsidiary Lotterie Nazionali S.r.l. (“LN”) accepted a contract extension of nine years for the Italian Scratch & Win license. The Italian Scratch & Win license is managed exclusively by LN, a joint venture owned 64% by IGT Global Solutions Corporation ("IGT Global") holds an 80% controlling interest.  IGT Global provided certain hardware, equipment, software, and support services to Northstar under a supply agreement (the "IGT Supply Agreement").  On December 9, 2014, the Illinois Department of Lottery and Northstar entered into an agreement (the “Termination Agreement”S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.) to terminate their relationship under the private management agreement (the “PMA”) between them.

In 2015, the Illinois Attorney General questioned the validity of the Termination Agreement which resulted in Northstar, IGT Global, and, with Scientific Games International, Inc. entering into a Letter Agreement (the “Letter Agreement”Corporation (20%), Arianna 2001 (15%), and Servizi in Rete S.p.A. (1%) with the State of Illinois and the Illinois Department of Lottery, effective September 18, 2015, that superseded the Termination Agreement. The Letter Agreement sets forth the terms governing the termination of the PMA, the transition services to be provided by Northstar, and the amendment and expiration terms of the IGT Supply Agreement.  Under the terms of the Letter Agreement and extensions thereof, the PMA terminated effective as of January 1, 2018, the IGT Supply Agreement was assigned by Northstar to the new private manager of the Illinois Lottery, and the term of the IGT Supply Agreement was extended through April 1, 2019.  The new private manager terminated the IGT Supply Agreement effective February 18, 2019. Pursuant to the terms of the Letter Agreement, IGT Global will be paid a fee in 2019 as consideration for the early termination of the IGT Supply Agreement.minority shareholders.


Related Party Agreements
 
For a discussion of the Company'sCompany’s related party transactions, including additional transactions with De Agostini, please see “Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements—26.24.  Related Party Transactions.”Transactions” included in Item 18. “Financial Statements”.
 
Compensation Arrangements
 
For a description of compensation arrangements with the Parent'sParent’s directors and executive officers, please see “Item 6. Directors, Senior ManagementsManagement, and Employees — B. Compensation.Compensation.
 
Financing
 
For a description of the Company'sCompany’s outstanding financing agreements, please see section “Item 3. Key Information—B. 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources—Credit Facilities and Indebtedness.Resources.


D.Exchange Controls
D.Exchange Controls
 
Other than applicable taxation, anti-money laundering, and counter-terrorist financing law and regulations and certain economic sanctions which may be in force from time to time, there are currently no English laws or regulations, or any provision of the

Articles, which would prevent the transfer of capital or remittance of dividends, interest, and other payments to holders of the Parent’s securities who are not residents of the U.K. on a general basis.


E.Taxation
E.Taxation
 
Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
 
This section summarizes certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations regarding the ownership and disposition of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares by a U.S. holder (as defined below). This summary is based on U.S. federal income tax law, including the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative guidance and court decisions in effect on the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect, and to differing interpretations. No ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"“IRS”) has been sought with respect to any U.S. federal income tax considerations described below, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. The discussion assumes that the Parent'sParent’s shareholders hold their ordinary shares, as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment). This discussion further assumes that all items or transactions identified as debt will be respected as such for U.S. federal income tax purposes.


This summary does not constitute tax advice and does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to the Parent'sParent’s shareholders in light of their personal circumstances, including any tax consequences arising under the tax on certain investment income pursuant to the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 or arising under the U.S. Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, (or any Treasury regulations or administrative guidance promulgated thereunder, any intergovernmental agreement entered into in connection therewith or any non-U.S. laws, rules or directives implementing or relating to any of the foregoing), or to shareholders subject to special treatment under the Code, including (but not limited to):
 
banks, thrifts, mutual funds, and other financial institutions;
regulated investment companies;
real estate investment trusts;
traders in securities that elect to apply a mark-to-market method of accounting;
broker-dealers;
tax-exempt organizations and pension funds;
U.S. holders that own (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 10% or more of the Company'sCompany’s stock (by vote or value);
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insurance companies;
dealers or brokers in securities or foreign currency;
individual retirement and other deferred accounts;
U.S. holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;
U.S. expatriates;
“passive foreign investment companies” or “controlled foreign corporations”;
persons subject to the alternative minimum tax;
U.S. holders that hold their shares as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion constructive sale or other risk reduction transaction;
partnerships or other entities or other arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and their partners and investors; and
U.S. holders that received their shares through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation or through a tax-qualified retirement plan.

This discussion does not address any non-income tax considerations or any state, local or non-U.S tax consequences. For purposes of this discussion, a "U.S. holder"“U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
 
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
an estate, the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or
a trust if (1) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
 

This discussion does not purport to be a comprehensive analysis or description of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations. Each of the Parent'sParent’s shareholders is urged to consult with such shareholder’s tax advisor with respect to the particular tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares to such shareholder.
 
If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity or arrangement that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner therein will generally depend upon the status of such partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Any such holder that is a partnership and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of their ordinary shares.
 
Ownership and Disposition of the Parent'sParent’s Ordinary Shares
 
The following discusses certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the Parent's ordinary shares by U.S. holders and assumes that the Parent will be a resident exclusively of the U.K. for all tax purposes.
 
Taxation of Distributions
 
Subject to the discussion below under "Passive“Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations",Considerations,” the gross amount of distributions with respect to the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares (including the amount of any non-U.S. withholding taxes) will be taxable as dividends, to the extent that they are paid out of the Parent'sParent’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Such dividends will be includable in a U.S. holder’s gross income as ordinary dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. holder. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code.


The gross amount of the dividends paid by the Parent to non-corporate U.S. holders may be eligible to be taxed at reduced rates of U.S. federal income tax applicable to “qualified dividend income.” Recipients of dividends from non-U.S. corporations will be taxed at this rate, provided that certain holding period requirements are satisfied and certain other requirements are met, if the dividends are received from “qualified foreign corporations,” which generally include corporations eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States that the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury determines is satisfactory and includes an information exchange program. The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS have determined that the U.K.- U.S. Income Tax Treaty is satisfactory for thisthese purposes and the Parent believes that it is eligible for benefits under such treaty. Dividends paid with respect to stock of a foreign corporation which stock is readily tradable on an established securities market in the
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United States will also be treated as having been received from a “qualified foreign corporation.” The U.S. Department of the Treasury and the IRS have determined that common stock is considered readily tradable on an established securities market if it is listed on an established securities market in the United States, such as the NYSE.


Non-corporate U.S. holders that do not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which they are not protected from the risk of loss, or that elect to treat the dividend income as "investment income"“investment income” pursuant to Section 163(d)(4) of the Code, will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation regardless of the Parent'sParent’s status as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, even if the minimum holding period requirement has been met, the rate reduction will not apply to dividends if the recipient of a dividend is obligated to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. Each U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the application of these rules given its particular circumstances.
 
To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds the Parent’s current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, the excess will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of each U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares and will reduce such U.S. holder'sholder’s basis accordingly. The balance of the excess, if any, will be taxed as capital gain, which would be long-term capital gain if the holder has held the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares for more than one year at the time the distribution is received. Long-term capital gain of certain non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, is generally taxed at reduced rates. The deduction of capital losses is subject to limitations.
 
The amount of any distribution paid in foreign currency will be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency distributed by the Parent, calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the distribution is includibleincludable in the U.S. holder’s income, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt. Generally, a U.S. holder would not recognize any foreign currency gain or loss if the foreign currency is converted into U.S. dollars on the date the payment is received. However, any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the U.S. holder includes the distribution payment in income to the date such U.S. holder actually converts the payment into U.S. dollars will generally be treated as ordinary income or loss.
 

Sale, Exchange, or Other Taxable Disposition
 
Subject to the discussion below under "Passive“Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations",Considerations,” a U.S. holder will generally recognize taxable gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized on the sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in such Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares. Such gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the ordinary shares have been held for more than one year. Long-term capital gain of certain non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, is generally taxed at reduced rates. The deduction of capital losses is subject to limitations.
 
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
 
A Passive Foreign Investment Company ("PFIC"(“PFIC”) is any foreign corporation if, after the application of certain “look-through” rules, (a) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income” as that term is defined in the relevant provisions of the Code, or (b) at least 50% of the average value of its assets produces “passive income” or is held for the production of “passive income.” The determination as to PFIC status is a fact-intensive determination that includes ascertaining the fair market value (or, in certain circumstances, tax basis) of all the Parent'sParent’s assets on a quarterly basis and the character of each item of income, and cannot be completed until the close of a taxable year. If a U.S. holder is treated as owning PFIC stock, such U.S. holder will be subject to special rules generally intended to reduce or eliminate the benefit of the deferral of U.S. federal income tax that results from investing in a foreign corporation that does not distribute all of its earnings on a current basis. These rules may adversely affect the tax treatment to a U.S. holder of distributions paid by the Parent and of sales, exchanges, and other dispositions of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares, and may result in other adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
 
The Parent believes that the ordinary shares should not be treated as shares of a PFIC in the current taxable year, and the Parent does not expect that it will become a PFIC in the future. However, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not successfully challenge this position or that the Parent will not become a PFIC at some future time as a result of changes in the Parent'sParent’s assets, income, or business operations.
 
Each U.S. holder is urged to consult its tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning or disposing of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares if the Parent is or becomes classified as a PFIC, including the possibility of making
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a mark-to-market election. The remainder of the discussion below assumes that the Parent is not a PFIC, has not been a PFIC and will not become a PFIC in the future.


Information Reporting
 
U.S. individuals and certain entities with interests in “specified foreign financial assets” (including, among other assets, the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares, unless such shares were held on such U.S. holder’s behalf through certain financial institutions) with values in excess of certain thresholds are required to file an information report with the IRS. Taxpayers that fail to file the information report when required are subject to penalties. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors as to the possible obligation to file such information reports in light of their particular circumstances.


Special Voting Shares
 
NO STATUTORY, JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY DIRECTLY DISCUSSES HOW THE RECEIPT, OWNERSHIP, OR LOSS OF ENTITLEMENT TO INSTRUCT THE NOMINEE ON HOW TO VOTE IN RESPECT OF SPECIAL VOTING SHARES SHOULD BE TREATED FOR U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES AND AS A RESULT, THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES THEREOF ARE UNCERTAIN. ACCORDINGLY, U.S. HOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE RECEIPT, OWNERSHIP, AND LOSS OF ENTITLEMENT TO INSTRUCT THE NOMINEE ON HOW TO VOTE IN RESPECT OF SPECIAL VOTING SHARES.
 
While the tax consequences of the receipt, ownership and loss of special voting shares upon request fromentitlement to instruct the Nomineenominee on how to vote in respect of Special Voting Shares are unclear, such receipt, ownership and loss is not expected to constitute a separate transaction from ownership of the ordinary shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, neither the receipt of the special voting sharesSpecial Voting Shares nor the loss of entitlement to instruct the nominee on how to vote the Special Voting Shares is not expected to give rise to a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
 
Material U.K. Tax Considerations
 
The following summary is intended to apply only as a general guide to certain United Kingdom (“U.K.”) tax considerations, and is based on current U.K. tax law and current published practice of HMHer Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (“HMRC”), both of which are subject to change at any time, possibly with retrospective effect. They relate only to certain limited aspects of the U.K. taxation treatment of investors who are resident and, in the case of individuals, domiciled or deemed domiciled in (and only in) the U.K. for U.K. tax purposes (except to

the extent that the position of non-U.K. resident shareholders is expressly referred to), who will hold the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares as investments (other than under an individual savings account or a self-invested personal pension) and who are the absolute beneficial owners of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares. The statements may not apply to certain classes of investors such as (but not limited to) persons acquiring their ordinary shares in connection with an office or employment, dealers in securities, insurance companies, and collective investment schemes.
 
Any shareholder or potential investor should obtain advice from his or her own investment or taxation advisor.
 
Dividends
 
The Parent will not be required to withhold U.K. tax at the source from dividend payments it makes.
 
U.K. resident individual shareholders
 
Individual shareholders are no longer entitled to credit in respect of any dividendAll dividends received by an individual shareholder from the Parent. Instead,Parent or from other sources will form part of that shareholder’s total income for income tax purposes and towill constitute the top slice of that income. For the tax year 2021/2022, the extent that the dividends they receive (whether from the Parent or other companies) exceed the tax free dividend allowance (£5,000 for the current tax year and £2,0002,000 for the tax year beginning on April 6, 2018),2021/2022, they are taxed on such dividends at either 7.5% (for(to the extent shareholders who are liable to tax only at the basic rate), 32.5% (for(to the extent shareholders who are liable to pay tax at the higher rate) or 38.1% (for(to the extent shareholders who are liable to pay tax at the additional rate). The dividend tax rate will increase to 8.75% (to the extent shareholders are liable to tax only at the basic rate), 33.75% (to the extent shareholders are liable to tax only at the higher rate), and 39.35% (to the extent shareholders are liable to tax only at the additional rate) from April 6, 2022.
 
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U.K. resident corporate shareholders
 
A corporate shareholder resident in the U.K. for tax purposes which is a “small company” for the purposes of Chapter 2 of Part 9A of the Corporation Tax Act 2009 will not be subject to U.K. corporation tax on any dividend received from the Parent provided that certain conditions are met (including an anti-avoidance condition).
 
Other corporate shareholders resident in the U.K. for tax purposes will not be subject to U.K. corporation tax on any dividend received from the Parent so long as the dividends fall within an exempt class and certain conditions are met. For example, (1) dividends paid on shares that are not redeemable and do not carry any present or future preferential rights to dividends or to a company’s assets on its winding up, and (2) dividends paid to a person holding less than a 10% interest in the Parent should generally fall within an exempt class. However, the exemptions mentioned above are not comprehensive and are subject to anti-avoidance rules.

If the conditions for exemption are not met or cease to be satisfied, if anti-avoidance provisions apply or if such a corporate shareholder elects an otherwise exempt dividend to be taxable, the shareholder will be subject to U.K. corporation tax on dividends received from the Parent, at the rate of corporation tax applicable to that corporate shareholder (currently 19%)19.0% for the tax year 2021/2022).

Non-U.K. resident shareholders
 
A shareholder resident outside the U.K. for tax purposes and who holds the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares as investments will not generally be liable to tax in the U.K. on any dividend received from the Parent.Parent unless he or she carries on (whether solely or in partnership) a trade, profession or vocation in the United Kingdom through a branch or agency (or, in the case of a corporate holder of ordinary shares where the dividend exemption does not apply, through a permanent establishment) to which the ordinary shares are attributable. There are certain exceptions for trading in the United Kingdom through independent agents, such as some brokers and investment managers.
 
A non-U.K. resident shareholder may also be subject to taxation on dividend income under local law. A shareholder who is not solely resident in the U.K. for tax purposes should consult his or her own tax advisersadvisors concerning his or her tax liabilities (in the U.K. and any other country) on dividends received from the Parent, whether he or she is entitled to claim any part of the tax credit and, if so, the procedure for doing so, and whether any double taxation relief is due in any country in which he or she is subject to tax.
 
Taxation of Capital Gains
 
Disposal of the Parent'sParent’s Ordinary Shares
 
A disposal or deemed disposal of the Parent's ordinary shares by a shareholder who is resident in the U.K. for tax purposes may, depending upon the shareholder’s circumstances and subject to any available exemptions and reliefs (such as the annual exempt amount for individuals and indexation allowance for corporate shareholders)individuals), give rise to a chargeable gain or an allowable loss for the purposes of U.K. taxation of capital gains.
 

If an individual shareholder who is subject to income tax at either the higher or the additional rate becomes liable to U.K. capital gains tax on the disposal of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares, the applicable rate (for the tax year 2021/2022) will be either 10% to the extent shareholders are liable to tax only at the basic rate or 20% (to the extent shareholders are liable to pay tax at the higher rate or the additional rate), respectively (save in some limited circumstances).


If a corporate shareholder becomes liable to U.K. corporation tax on the disposal (or deemed disposal) of ordinary shares, the main rate of U.K. corporation tax (at a rate of 19% for the tax year 2021/2022) would apply, subject to any exemptions, reliefs and/or allowable losses. A shareholder whowhich is not resident in the U.K. for tax purposes should not normally be liable to U.K. taxation on chargeable gains on a disposal or deemed disposal of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares.shares unless the person is carrying on (whether solely or in a partnership) a trade, profession or vocation in the U.K. through a branch or agency (or, in the case of a corporate holder of ordinary shares, through a permanent establishment) to which the ordinary shares are attributable. However, an individual shareholder who has ceased to be resident in the U.K. for taxthe purposes of a double taxation treaty for a period of less than five years (and was UK resident for at least 4 out of the 7 tax years immediately prior to his year of departure) and who disposes of the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares during that period of temporary non-residence may be liable on his return to the U.K. (or upon ceasing to be regarded as resident outside the U.K. for purposes of double taxation relief) to U.K. taxation on any capital gain realized (subject to any available exemption or relief).
 
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Inheritance Tax
 
The Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares will be assets situated in the U.K. for the purposes of U.K. inheritance tax. A gift or settlement of such assets by, or on the death of, an individual holder of such assets may (subject to certain exemptions and reliefs and depending upon the shareholder’s circumstances) give rise to a liability to U.K. inheritance tax even if the holder is not a resident of or domiciled in the U.K. for tax purposes. For inheritance tax purposes, a transfer of assets at less than market value may be treated as a gift and particular rules apply to gifts where the donor reserves or retains some benefit.
 
A charge to inheritance tax may arise in certain circumstances where the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares are held by close companies and by trustees of settlements. Shareholders should consult an appropriate tax adviseradvisor as to any inheritance tax implications if they intend to make a gift or transfer at less than market value or intend to hold the Parent'sParent’s ordinary shares through a close company or trust arrangement.
 
Shareholders and/or potential investors who are in any doubt as to their tax position, or who are subject to tax in any jurisdiction other than the U.K., should consult a suitable professional advisor.


Material Italian Tax Considerations
This section describes the material Italian tax consequences of the ownershipF.Dividends and transfer of the Parent's ordinary shares. The following description does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to own or dispose of the shares (such as Italian inheritance and gift tax considerations, and transfer tax considerations, value-added and registration tax considerations) and, in particular does not discuss the treatment of shares that are held in connection with a permanent establishment or a fixed base through which a non-Italian resident shareholder carries on business or performs personal services in Italy.Paying Agents
For the purposes of this discussion, an “Italian Shareholder” is a beneficial owner of the Parent's ordinary shares that is:
an Italian resident individual; or
an Italian resident corporation.

This section does not apply to shareholders subject to special rules, including:

non-profit organizations, foundations and associations that are not subject to tax;
Italian commercial partnerships and assimilated entities (società in nome collettivo, in accomandita semplice);
Italian noncommercial partnerships (società semplice);
individuals holding the shares in connection with the exercise of a business activity; and
Italian real estate investment funds (fondi comuni di investimento immobiliare) and Italian real estate SICAF (società di investimento a capitale fisso).

In addition, where specified, this section also applies to Italian pension funds, Italian investment funds (fondi comuni di investimento mobiliare), Società di Investimento Collettivo A Capitale Variabile (“SICAVs”) and Societa di Investimento Collettivo A Capitale Fisso (“SICAFs”) other than real estate investment funds and SICAFs.
For the purposes of this discussion, a Non-Italian Shareholder means a beneficial owner of the Parent's ordinary shares that is neither an Italian Shareholder nor a permanent establishment or a fixed base through which a non-Italian resident shareholder carries on business or performs personal services in Italy nor a partnership.
This discussion is limited to Italian Shareholders and Non-Italian Shareholders that hold their shares directly and whose shares represent, and have represented in any 12-month period preceding each disposal: (i) a percentage of voting rights in the ordinary

shareholders’ meeting not greater than 2% for listed shares, or (ii) a participation in the share capital not greater than 5% for listed shares.
This section is based upon tax laws and applicable tax treaties and what is understood to be the current practice in Italy in effect on the date of the filing of this Form 20-F which may be subject to changes in the future, even on a retroactive basis. Italian Shareholders and Non-Italian Shareholders should consult their own advisors as to the Italian tax consequences of the ownership and disposal of the Parent's ordinary shares in their particular circumstances.

Ownership of the Parent's Ordinary Shares
Italian Shareholders
Taxation of Dividends
The tax treatment applicable to dividend distributions depends upon the nature of the dividend recipient, as summarized below.

Italian resident individual shareholders
Dividends paid by a non-Italian resident company, such as the Parent, to Italian resident individual shareholders are subject to a 26% tax. Such tax (i) may be applied by the taxpayer in its tax return or (ii) if an Italian withholding agent intervenes in the collection of the dividends, may be withheld by such withholding agent.
In the event that a taxpayer elects to be taxed under the “Regime del Risparmio Gestito” (discussed below in the paragraph entitled “—Taxation of Capital Gains—Italian resident individual shareholders”), dividends are not subject to the 26% tax, but are subject to taxation under such “Regime del Risparmio Gestito.”

Subject to certain conditions and limitations, Italian resident individuals may be exempt from the 26% tax on dividends paid in relation to the Parent's ordinary shares if such shares are included in a long-term savings account (piano di risparmio a lungo termine) meeting the requirements set forth in Article 1(100-114) of Law No. 232 of 11 December 2016 (the “Budget Act 2017”).
Pursuant to Law Decree No. 167, dated June 28, 1990, as amended, Italian resident individual shareholders who hold (or are beneficial owners of) foreign financial activities not being deposited or otherwise held or traded through Italian resident financial intermediaries must, in certain circumstances, disclose the aforesaid to the Italian tax authorities in their income tax return.
Italian resident corporations
Subject to the paragraph below, Italian Shareholders subject to Italian corporate income tax (“IRES”) should benefit from a 95% exemption on dividends if certain conditions are met. The remaining 5% of dividends are treated as part of the taxable business income of such Italian resident corporations, subject to tax in Italy under the IRES.
Dividends, however, are fully subject to tax in the following circumstances: (i) dividends paid to taxpayers using IAS/IFRS in relation to shares deemed to be “held for trading” pursuant to art. 2 of the Ministerial Decree 10 January 2018; or (ii) dividends paid in relation to shares acquired through repurchase transactions, stock lending and similar transactions, unless the beneficial owner of such dividends would have benefited from the 95% exemption described in the above paragraph.
For certain companies operating in the financial field and subject to certain conditions, dividends are also included in the tax base for the regional tax on productive activities (Imposta regionale sulle attività produttive —“IRAP”).
Italian pension funds
Dividends paid to Italian pension funds (subject to the regime provided for by Article 17 of Italian Legislative Decree No. 252 dated December 5, 2005) are not subject to any withholding tax, but must be included in the result of the relevant portfolio accrued at the end of the tax period, which is subject to substitute tax at the rate of 20%.
Italian investment funds (fondi comuni di investimento mobiliare), SICAVs and SICAFs.
Dividends paid to Italian investment funds, SICAVs and SICAFs are neither subject to any withholding tax nor to any taxation at the level of the fund, SICAV or SICAF. A withholding tax may apply in certain circumstances at the rate of up to 26% on distributions made by the investment funds, SICAVs or SICAFs.

Taxation of Capital Gains
Italian resident individual shareholders
Capital gains realized upon disposal of shares or rights by an Italian resident individual shareholder are subject to Italian final substitute tax (imposta sostitutiva) at a 26% rate.
Capital gains and capital losses realized in the relevant tax year have to be declared in the annual income tax return (Regime di Tassazione in Sede di Dichiarazione dei Redditi). Losses in excess of gains may be carried forward against capital gains realized in the four subsequent tax years. While losses generated as of July 1, 2014 can be carried forward for their entire amount, losses realized until December 31, 2011 can be carried forward for 48.08% of their amount only, and losses realized between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2014 for 76.92% of their amount.
As an alternative to the Regime di Tassazione in Sede di Dichiarazione dei Redditi described in the above paragraph, Italian resident individual shareholders may elect to be taxed under one of the two following regimes:
(i) Regime del Risparmio Amministrato: Under this regime, separate taxation of capital gains is allowed subject to (i) the shares and rights in respect of the shares being deposited with Italian banks, società di intermediazione mobiliare or certain authorized financial intermediaries resident in Italy for tax purposes and (ii) an express election for the Regime del Risparmio Amministrato being timely made in writing by the relevant shareholder. Under the Regime del Risparmio Amministrato, the financial intermediary is responsible for accounting for the substitute tax in respect of capital gains realized on each sale of the shares or rights on the shares, and is required to pay the relevant amount to the Italian tax authorities on behalf of the taxpayer, deducting a corresponding amount from the proceeds to be credited to the shareholder. Under the Regime del Risparmio Amministrato, where a sale of the shares or rights on the shares results in a capital loss, such loss may be deducted (up to 48.08% for capital losses realized until December 31, 2011 and up to 76.92% for capital losses realized between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2014) from capital gains of the same kind subsequently realized under the same relationship of deposit in the same tax year or in the four subsequent tax years. Under the Regime del Risparmio Amministrato, the shareholder is not required to declare the capital gains in its annual tax return.
(ii) Regime del Risparmio Gestito: Under this regime, any capital gains accrued to Italian resident individual shareholders that have entrusted the management of their financial assets, including the shares and rights in respect of the shares, to an authorized Italian-based intermediary, and have elected for the Regime del Risparmio Gestito, are included in the computation of the annual increase in value of the managed assets accrued, even if not realized, at year-end, subject to the 26% substitute tax to be applied on behalf of the taxpayer by the managing authorized Italian-based intermediary. Under the Regime del Risparmio Gestito, any decline in value of the managed assets accrued at year-end may be carried forward (up to 48.08% if accrued until December 31, 2011 and up to 76.92% if accrued between January 1, 2012 and June 30, 2014) and set against increases in value of the managed assets which accrue in any of the four subsequent tax years. Under the Regime del Risparmio Gestito, the shareholder is not required to report capital gains realized in its annual tax declaration.

Subject to certain conditions and limitations, Italian resident individuals may be exempt from the 26% tax on capital gains related to the Parent's ordinary shares if such shares are included in a long-term savings account (piano di risparmio a lungo termine) meeting the requirements set forth in Article 1(100-114) of Budget Act 2017.

Italian resident corporations
Capital gains realized through the disposal of the Parent's ordinary shares by Italian Shareholders which are companies subject to IRES benefit from a 95% exemption (referred to as the “Participation Exemption Regime”), if the following conditions are met:
i.the shares have been held continuously from the first day of the 12th month preceding the disposal; and
ii.the shares were accounted for as a long-term investment in the first balance sheet closed after the acquisition of the shares (for companies adopting IAS/IFRS, shares are considered to be a long-term investment if they are different from those deemed to be “held for trading” pursuant to art. 2 of the Ministerial Decree 10 January 2018).

Based on the assumption that the Parent is a resident of the U.K. for tax purposes, that its ordinary shares are listed on a regulated market, that its value will be predominantly composed of shareholdings in companies carrying on a business activity and not resident in a State with a preferential tax system, the two additional conditions set forth by Article 87 of the CTA in order to enjoy

the Participation Exemption Regime (i.e., the company is not resident in a State with a preferential tax system and carries on a business activity) are both met.
The remaining 5% of the amount of such capital gain is included in the aggregate taxable income of the Italian resident corporate shareholders and subject to taxation according to ordinary IRES rules and rates.
If the conditions for the Participation Exemption Regime are met, capital losses from the disposal of shareholdings realized by Italian resident corporate shareholders are not deductible from the taxable income of the Company.
Capital gains and capital losses realized through the disposal of shareholdings which do not meet at least one of the aforementioned conditions for the Participation Exemption Regime are, respectively, fully included in the aggregate taxable income and fully deductible from the same aggregate taxable income, subject to taxation according to ordinary rules and rates. However, if such capital gains are realized upon disposal of shares which have been accounted for as a long-term investment on the last three balance sheets, then if the taxpayer so chooses the gains can be taxed in equal parts in the year of realization and the four following tax years.
The ability to use capital losses to offset income is subject to significant limitations, including provisions against “dividend washing.”  In addition, Italian resident corporations that recognize capital losses exceeding €50,000 are subject to tax reporting requirements in their annual income tax return (also in case such capital losses are realized as a consequence of a number of transactions). Furthermore, for capital losses of more than €5,000,000, deriving from transactions on shares booked as fixed financial assets, the taxpayer must report the relevant information in its annual income tax return (also in case such capital losses are realized as a consequence of a number of transactions). Such an obligation does not apply to parties who prepare their financial statements in accordance with IAS/IFRS international accounting standards. Italian resident corporations that recognize capital losses should consult their tax advisors as to the tax consequences of such losses.
For certain types of companies operating in the financial field and subject to certain conditions, the capital gains are also included in the IRAP taxable base.
Italian pension funds
Capital gains realized by Italian pension funds are not subject to any withholding or substitute tax. Capital gains and capital losses must be included in the result of the relevant portfolio accrued at the end of the tax period, which is subject to a 20% substitute tax.

Italian investment funds (fondi comuni di investimento mobiliare), SICAVs and SICAFs.
Capital gains realized by Italian investment funds, SICAVs and SICAFs are not subject to any withholding or substitute tax. Capital gains and capital losses must be included in the investment funds, SICAV’s and SICAF’s annual results, which are not subject to tax. A withholding tax may apply in certain circumstances at the rate of up to 26% on distributions made by the funds, SICAVs and SICAFs.

Non-Italian Shareholders
Taxation of Dividends
According to Italian tax laws, the distribution of dividends by the Parent will not trigger any taxable event for Italian income tax purposes for Non-Italian Shareholders.
Taxation of Capital Gains
According to Italian tax laws, capital gains on the Parent's ordinary shares will not trigger any taxable event for Italian income tax purposes for Non-Italian Shareholders provided that the shares are not held in Italy.
Loyalty Voting Structure
NO STATUTORY, JUDICIAL, OR ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY HAS PROVIDED PUBLISHED GUIDANCE ON THE ITALIAN TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE RECEIPT, OWNERSHIP OR LOSS OF THE ENTITLEMENT TO INSTRUCT THE NOMINEE ON HOW TO VOTE IN RESPECT OF SPECIAL VOTING SHARES AND AS A RESULT, SUCH TAX CONSEQUENCES ARE UNCERTAIN. ACCORDINGLY, WE URGE ITALIAN SHAREHOLDERS TO CONSULT THEIR

TAX ADVISORS AS TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE RECEIPT, OWNERSHIP, AND LOSS OF THE ENTITLEMENT TO INSTRUCT THE NOMINEE ON HOW TO VOTE IN RESPECT OF SPECIAL VOTING SHARES.
Receipt of the entitlement to instruct the Nominee on how to vote in respect of special voting shares
An Italian Shareholder that receives the entitlement to instruct the Nominee on how to vote in respect of special voting shares issued by the Parent should in principle not recognize any taxable income upon the receipt of such entitlement.  Under a possible interpretation, the issue of special voting shares can be treated as the issue of bonus shares free of charge to the shareholders out of existing available reserves of the Parent. Such issue should not have any material effect on the allocation of the tax basis of an Italian Shareholder between its Parent's ordinary shares and the corresponding Parent's special voting shares.  Because the special voting shares are not transferable and their very limited economic rights (equal to a fraction of the aggregate sum of $1) can be enjoyed only at the time of a return of capital of the Company, of a winding up or otherwise, the Parent believes and intends to take the position that the tax basis and the fair market value of the special voting shares is minimal. However, because the determination of the tax basis and fair market value of the special voting shares is not governed by any guidance that directly addresses such a situation and is unclear, the Italian tax authorities could assert that the tax basis and fair market value of the special voting shares as determined by the Parent are incorrect.
Loss of the entitlement to instruct the Nominee on how to vote in respect of special voting shares
The tax treatment of an Italian Shareholder that loses its entitlement to instruct the Nominee on how to vote in respect of special voting shares for no consideration is uncertain. It is possible that an Italian Shareholder should recognize a loss to the extent of the Italian Shareholder’s tax basis (if any). The deductibility of such loss depends on individual circumstances and conditions required by Italian law. It is also possible that an Italian Shareholder would not be allowed to recognize a loss upon losing its entitlement to instruct the Nominee on how to vote in respect of special voting shares and instead should increase its basis in its Parent's ordinary shares by an amount equal to the tax basis (if any) in such Parent's special voting shares.

IVAFE (Imposta sul Valore delle Attività Finanziarie detenute all’Estero)

According to Article 19 of the Law Decree of December 6, 2011, No. 201 (“Decree No. 201/2011”), implemented by the Law dated December 22, 2011, No. 214, Italian resident individuals holding financial assets-including shares-outside the Italian territory are required to pay a special tax (“IVAFE”) at the rate of 0.20%. The tax applies on the market value (or, in the lack thereof, on the nominal value or the redemption value) at the end of the relevant year of such financial assets held outside the Italian territory.

Taxpayers may deduct from the tax due a tax credit equal to any wealth taxes paid in the State where the financial assets are held (up to the amount of the Italian tax due).

Stamp Duty (Imposta di bollo)
According to Article 19 of Decree No. 201/2011, a proportional stamp duty applies on a yearly basis on the market value (or, in the lack thereof, on the nominal value or the redemption value) of any financial product or financial instrument. The stamp duty applies at the rate of 0.20% and, in respect of Italian Shareholders or Non-Italian Shareholders other than individuals, it cannot exceed €14,000. The stamp duty applies with respect to any Italian Shareholders or Non-Italian Shareholders (other than banks, insurance companies, investments and pension funds and certain other financial intermediaries) to the extent that the shares are held through an Italian-based banking or financial intermediary or insurance company.

F.Dividends and Paying Agents
 
Not applicable.


G.Statement of Experts
G.Statement of Experts
 
Not applicable.



H.Documents on Display
H.Documents on Display
 
The Parent files reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, furnishes current reports on Form 6-K and discloses other information with the SEC pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC that apply to foreign private issuers. These may be read without charge and copied, upon payment of prescribed rates, at the public reference facility maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.  To obtain information on the operation of the public reference facility, the telephone number is 1-800-SEC-0330.  Any SEC filings may also be accessed by visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.


I.Subsidiary Information
I.Subsidiary Information
 
Not applicable.applicable


Item 11.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 11.      Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company'sCompany’s activities expose it to a variety of market risks including interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange rate risk, liquidity risk and credit risk. The Company'sCompany’s overall risk management strategy focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on its performance through ongoing operational and finance activities. The Company monitors and manages its exposure to such risks both centrally and at the local level, as appropriate, as part of its overall risk management program with the objective of seeking to reduce the potential adverse effects of such risks on its results of operations and financial position.

Depending upon the risk assessment, the Company uses selected derivative hedging instruments, including principally interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward contracts, for the purposes of managing interest rate risk and currency risks arising from its operations and sources of financing. The Company'sCompany’s policy is not to enter into such contracts for speculative purposes. The Company's accounting policies and disclosures regarding its derivatives are set out in Note 9, Derivatives, to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following section provides qualitative and quantitative disclosures on the effects that these risks may have. The quantitative data reported below does not have any predictive value and does not reflect the complexity of the markets or reactions which may result from any changes that are assumed to have taken place.


Interest Rate Risk

Indebtedness

The Company'sCompany’s exposure to changes in market interest rates relates primarily to its cash and financial liabilities which bear floating interest rates. The Company'sCompany’s policy is to manage interest cost using a mix of fixed and variable rate debt. The Company has historically used various techniques to mitigate the risks associated with future changes in interest rates, including entering into interest rate swap and treasury rate lock agreements.
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In 2018 and 2017, the Company's exposure to floating rates
Table of interest related primarily to the Revolving Credit Facilities and Term Loan Facilities.Contents
At December 31, 20182021 and 2017, the Company held $625.0 million (notional amount) in interest rate swaps that effectively convert $625.0 million2020, approximately 18% and 23% of the 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due June 2022 from fixed interest rate debt to variable rate debt. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately 35% and 30% of the Company'sCompany’s net debt portfolio was exposed to interest rate fluctuations, respectively. The Company’s exposure to floating rates of interest primarily relates to the Euro Term Loan Facilities due January 2027. At December 31, 2020, the Company held $425 million notional amount of interest rate swaps that were no longer designated as hedging relationships and the fair value of the swaps was recognized in interest expense with no corresponding offset to debt. At December 31, 2021, the Company no longer held any interest rate swaps.

A hypothetical 10 basis points increase in interest rates for 2018, 20172021 and 2016,2020, with all other variables held constant, would have resulted in incremental pre-tax losseslower income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes of approximately $2.8 million, $2.5$1 million and $2.0$2 million, respectively.

Costs to Fund Jackpot Liabilities

Fluctuations in prime, treasury, and agency rates due to changes in market and other economic conditions directly impact the Company'sCompany’s cost to fund jackpots and corresponding gaming operating income. If interest rates decline, jackpot cost increases and operating income decreases. The Company estimates a hypothetical decline of one percentage point in applicable interest rates would have reduced operating income by approximately $7.1 million and $9.0$7 million in 20182021 and 2017, respectively.2020. The Company does not manage this exposure with derivative financial instruments.



Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

The Company operates on an international basis across a number of geographical locations. The Company is exposed to (i) transactional foreign exchange risk when an entity enters into transactions in a currency other than its functional currency, and (ii) translation foreign exchange risk which arises when the Company translates the financial statements of its foreign entities into U.S. dollars for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

Transactional Risk

The Company'sCompany’s subsidiaries generally execute their operating activities in their respective functional currencies. In circumstances where the Company enters into transactions in a currency other than the functional currency of the relevant entity, the Company seeks to minimize its exposure by (i) sharing risk with its customers (for example, in limited circumstances, but whenever possible, the Company negotiates clauses into its contracts that allows for price adjustments should a material change in foreign exchange rates occur), (ii) creating a natural hedge by netting receipts and payments, (iii) utilizing foreign currency borrowings, and (iv) where applicable, by entering into foreign currency forward and option contracts.

The principal foreign currency to which the Company is exposed is the euro. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate, with all other variables held constant, would have resulted in incremental pre-tax losseslower income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes of approximately $337.8 million, $362.2$28 million and $337.0$363 million for 2018, 20172021 and 2016,2020, respectively.

From time to time, the Company enters into foreign currency forward and option contracts to reduce the exposure associated with certain firm commitments, variable service revenues, and certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. These contracts generally have average maturities of 12 months or less, and are regularly renewed to provide continuing coverage throughout the year. It is the Company'sCompany’s policy to negotiate the terms of the hedge derivatives to match the terms of the hedged item to maximize hedge effectiveness.

At December 31, 2018,2021, the Company had forward contracts for the sale of approximately $283.2$121 million of foreign currency (primarily euro, Colombian peso, South African rand, and British pounds) and the purchase of approximately $309.5$204 million of foreign currency (primarily euro, U.S. dollars, Canadian dollarsdollar, British pounds, and Swedish krona)Chilean peso).

At December 31, 2017,2020, the Company had forward contracts for the sale of approximately $333.9$170 million of foreign currency (primarily euroSouth African rand, Canadian dollars, Australian dollars, and British pounds) and the purchase of approximately $227.5$187 million of foreign currency (primarily U.S. dollars, Canadian dollarseuro and Swedish krona)Polish zlotys).

Translation Risk

Certain of the Company'sCompany’s subsidiaries are located in countries that are outside of the United States, in particular the Eurozone. As the Company'sCompany’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, the income statements of those entities are converted into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rate for the period, and while revenues and costs are unchanged in local currency, changes in exchange rates may lead to effects on the converted balances of revenues, costs, and the result in U.S. dollars. The monetary
97

assets and liabilities of consolidated entities that have a reporting currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars at the period-end foreign exchange rate. The effects of these changes in foreign exchange rates are recognized directly in the consolidated statements of changes inshareholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive income.

The Company'sCompany’s foreign currency exposure primarily arises from changes between the U.S. dollar and the euro and the U.S. dollar and Swedish krona.euro. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the U.S. dollar to euro exchange rate, with all other variables held constant, would have increased equity by $97 million for 2021 and reduced equity by $143.7 million, $94.2 million and $77.1$118 million for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the U.S. dollar to Swedish krona exchange rate, with all other variables held constant, would have reduced equity by $15.8 million, $21.9 million and $18.2 million for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.2020.


Liquidity Risk
Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Liquidity risk is the risk of not being able to fulfill present or future obligations if the Company does not have sufficient funds available to meet such obligations. Liquidity risk arises mostly in relation to cash flows generated and used in working capital and from financing activities, particularly by servicing the Company's debt, in terms of both interest and principal, and its payment obligations relating to its ordinary business activities. The Company believes that the cash which it generates from its operating activities, together with its committed borrowing capacity, will be sufficient to meet its financial obligations and operating requirements in the foreseeable future. Therefore, the Company does not believe that it is exposed to a significant concentration of liquidity risk.

Credit Risk
The Company's credit risk primarily arises from cash, trade receivables and customer financing receivables. The Company has established risk management policies, where it holds cash deposits with major, financially sound counterparties with high credit ratings, and that limit exposure to any one credit party.
The Company enters into commercial transactions only with recognized, creditworthy third parties. A significant portion of trade receivables are from government lottery entities which the Company considers to pose insignificant credit risk. Additionally, the Company does not have significant credit risk to any one customer. Geographically, credit risk is concentrated as follows:
  December 31,
  2018 2017
(in thousands) $ % $ %
Italy 427,148
 35.4 432,533
 37.2
United States 303,616
 25.1 291,729
 25.1
Latin America 218,577
 18.1 189,730
 16.3
Europe and Africa 159,311
 13.2 210,516
 18.1
Other 99,060
 8.2 39,604
 3.4
  1,207,712
 100.0 1,164,112
 100.0
         
Reconciliation to Balance Sheet:  
    
  
Trade and other receivables, net (Note 5) 949,085
   937,854
  
Customer financing receivables, net - current (Note 7) 170,273
   151,360
  
Customer financing receivables, net - non-current (Note 7) 88,354
   74,898
  
  1,207,712
   1,164,112
  

Commodity Price Risk
The Company's exposure to commodity price changes is not considered material and is managed through its procurement and sales practices.

Item 12.Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities

Not applicable.


PART II


Item 13.Defaults, Dividends Arrearages and Delinquencies
Item 13.Defaults, Dividends, Arrearages, and Delinquencies
 
None.
 
Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Item 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
 
See the description of the loyalty planLoyalty Plan in “Item 10. Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—AssociationLoyalty Plan.”
 
Item 15.Controls and Procedures
Item 15.Controls and Procedures
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
The Company'sCompany’s management maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within time periods specified in the Commission'sCommission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating its disclosure controls and procedures, the Company recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as the Company'sCompany’s are designed to do.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company'sCompany’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 20182021 was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of its management including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on this evaluation, its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that its disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 20182021 at a reasonable assurance level.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
The Company'sCompany’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined by Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).
The Company'sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
    
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded, as necessary, to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are made only in accordance with authorizations of the Company'sCompany’s management and directors; and
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provide reasonable assurance that unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company'sCompany’s assets, that could have a material effect on the financial statements, would be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company'sCompany’s management assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20182021 based upon the framework presented in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).Commission. Based on this assessment, management concluded that the Company'sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018.2021.

The Company'sCompany’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, has audited the effectiveness of the Company'sCompany’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 20182021 as stated in their report appearing in "Report“Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm"Firm” included in "Item“Item 18. Financial Statements".Statements.”


Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 20182021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.


Item 16A.Audit Committee Financial Expert
 
The Company'sParent’s Board of Directors has determined that Vincent L. Sadusky,Maria Pinelli, chairperson of the Audit Committee, isand Alberto Dessy and Heather McGregor, both members of the Audit Committee, are each an audit committee financial expert. HeEach of Ms. Pinelli, Mr. Dessy and Ms. McGregor is an independent director under the NYSE standards.
 
Item 16B.Code of Ethics
 
The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics for Principal Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers which is applicable to its principal executive officer, principal financial officer, the principal accounting officer and controller, and any persons performing similar functions. The Code of Ethics was most recently amended in November 2020 to expressly permit persons reporting violations of the code to bring instances of retaliation, harassment or retribution to the attention of the Audit Committee, in addition to the Board of Directors. This code of ethics is posted on its website, www.igt.com, and may be found as follows: from the main page, first click on “Explore IGT” and then on "Investor Relations"“Investor Relations” and then on “Management and Governance”“ESG” and then on “Documents.“Governance Documents.” The information contained on the Company'sCompany’s website is not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this annual report on Form 20-F.


Item 16C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC US”) has been serving as the Company’s independent auditor since 2015.

Aggregate fees for professional services and other services rendered by PwC US and its foreign entities belonging to the PwC network in 20182021 and 20172020 were as follows: 
  For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands)  2018 2017
Audit services 13,254
 14,582
Tax services 1,242
 552
Audit-related services 1,028
 204
All other services 189
 134
  15,713
 15,472
 For the year ended December 31,
($ in thousands) 20212020
Audit fees9,482 10,929 
Audit-related fees431 357 
Tax fees677 335 
All other fees140 112 
10,730 11,733 
 
Audit servicesfees consist of professional services performed in connection with the annual financial statements.
Tax servicesfees consist of professional services for tax planning and compliance.
Audit-related servicesfees consist of assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the financial statements and agreed upon procedures for certain financial statement areas.
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All other services,fees, other than those reported above, mainly consist of services in relation to intellectual property royalty audits.compliance-related services and access to online accounting research software applications.
 
Audit Committee’s Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
 
The Audit Committee pre-approves engagements of the Company'sCompany’s independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company'sCompany’s consolidated financial statements. The Audit Committee has a policy requiring management to obtain the Audit Committee’s approval before engaging the Company'sCompany’s independent registered public accounting firm to provide any other audit or permitted non-audit services to the Company or its subsidiaries. Pursuant to this policy, which is designed to ensure that such engagements do not impair the independence of the Company'sCompany’s independent registered public accounting firm, the Audit Committee reviews and pre-approves, if appropriate, specific audit and non-audit services in the categories audit services, tax services, audit-related services, and any other services that may be performed by the Company'sCompany’s independent registered public accounting firm.
 
Item 16D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
 
None.



Item 16E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
 
TheOn November 15, 2021, the Parent’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Company currently has neither purchased any common sharesmay repurchase up to $300 million of the Company norParent’s outstanding ordinary shares during a period of four years commencing on November 18, 2021. The share repurchase program was publicly announced any share buyback plans. The Company hason November 16, 2021. At the Parent’s 2021 annual general meeting, the Parent’s shareholders granted authority to repurchase, subject to a maximum repurchase price, a maximum of 20%up to 20,485,656 of the aggregate issued share capital ofParent’s ordinary shares as of April 7, 2015.shares. This authority will expire on July 28, 2020.remains valid until November 10, 2022, unless previously revoked, varied, or renewed at the Parent’s 2022 annual general meeting.


For the year ended December 31, 2021
Calendar MonthTotal number of shares purchasedAverage price paid per shareTotal number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programApproximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the program (in millions)
November750,000 $28.38 750,000 $279 
December750,000 $26.06 750,000 $259 
Total1,500,000 1,500,000 

Item 16F.Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
 
None.


Item 16G.Corporate Governance
 
The Parent is a public limited company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales and qualifies as a foreign private issuer under the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing standards of the NYSE. In accordance with the NYSE listing rules related to corporate governance, listed companies that are foreign private issuers are permitted to follow home-country practice in some circumstances in lieu of the provisions of the corporate governance rules contained in Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual that are otherwise applicable to listed companies. However, for as long as the Parent’s ordinary shares are listed on the NYSE, the Company will comply with all NYSE corporate governance standards set forth in Section 3 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual applicable to non-controlled domestic U.S. issuers, regardless of whether the Company is a foreign private issuer.


Item 16H.    Mine Safety Disclosure
 
Not applicable.


100

Item 16I. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

PART III
Item 17.Financial Statements
The Company has responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this item.17.Financial Statements
 
Not applicable.
Item 18.Financial Statements
Item 18.Financial Statements
 
The audited Consolidated Financial Statements as required under Item 18 are attached hereto starting on page F-1 of this annual report on Form 20-F.
 
Item 19.Exhibits
Item 19.Exhibits
 
A list of exhibits included as part of this annual report on Form 20-F is set forth in the Index to Exhibits immediately following this Item 19.



101

INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
ExhibitDescription
1.1
There have not been filed as exhibits to this Form 20-F certain long-term debt instruments, none of which relates to indebtedness that exceeds 10% of the consolidated assets of International Game Technology PLC. International Game Technology PLC agrees to furnish the Securities and Exchange Commission, upon its request, a copy of any instrument defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of International Game Technology PLC and its consolidated subsidiaries.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.42.3
2.52.4

Exhibit2.5Description
2.6
2.72.6
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
102

ExhibitDescription
2.12
2.7
2.132.8
2.142.9
2.152.10

2.11
ExhibitDescription
2.16
2.172.12
2.182.13
2.192.14
4.12.15
4.2
4.32.16
103

4.4ExhibitDescription
2.17
2.18
2.19
4.1
4.54.2
4.64.3
4.74.4
4.5
4.84.6
8.1

104

13.1ExhibitDescription
13.1
13.2
15.1
101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

105

SIGNATURE
 
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
 
INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY PLC
/s/ Alberto FornaroMASSIMILIANO CHIARA
Name: Alberto FornaroMassimiliano Chiara
Title: Chief Financial Officer
 
Dated:  March 8, 20193, 2022

106

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY PLC
 
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 



F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To theBoard of Directors and Shareholders of International Game Technology PLC


Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting


We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of International Game Technology PLC and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income shareholders’(loss), of shareholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018,2021, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).


In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20182021 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018,2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework(2013)issued by the COSO.


Changes in Accounting Principles

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for revenues from contracts with customers and the manner in which it presents restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows in 2018.

Basis for Opinions


The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management'sManagement’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.


We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.


Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.


Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting


A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and

expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.


F-2

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.



Critical Audit Matters


The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Revenue Recognition – Identifying and Evaluating Contractual Terms and Conditions

As described in Notes 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company generated service and product revenues of $3,483 million and $606 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company often enters into contracts with customers that consist of a combination of services and products that are accounted for as one or more distinct performance obligations. As disclosed by management, judgment is applied in identifying and evaluating the contractual terms and conditions that impact the identification of performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition, specifically identifying and evaluating contractual terms and conditions, is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management in identifying and evaluating contractual terms and conditions that impact the identification of performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures to evaluate whether terms and conditions in contracts were appropriately identified and evaluated by management.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to revenue recognition, including controls related to the identification and evaluation of contractual terms and conditions impacting the identification of performance obligations and the pattern of revenue recognition. These procedures also included, among others, (i) evaluating and testing management’s process for identifying performance obligations and assessing the pattern of revenue recognition, and (ii) evaluating, on a test basis, the completeness and accuracy of the contractual terms and conditions identified in contracts with customers.


/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
March 8, 20193, 2022


We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2015.



F-3








International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ in millions and shares in thousands, except par value and number of shares)per share amounts)
 
 December 31,
 Notes20212020
Assets  
Current assets:  
Cash and cash equivalents591 907 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents218 199 
Trade and other receivables, net5903 846 
Inventories6183 169 
Other current assets7589 480 
Assets held for sale3839 
Total current assets2,487 3,440 
Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, net10937 1,068 
Property, plant and equipment, net10119 132 
Operating lease right-of-use assets11283 288 
Goodwill134,656 4,713 
Intangible assets, net141,413 1,577 
Other non-current assets71,429 1,774 
Total non-current assets8,836 9,552 
Total assets11,322 12,992 
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity  
Current liabilities:  
Accounts payable1,035 1,126 
Current portion of long-term debt15— 393 
Short-term borrowings1552 — 
Other current liabilities16828 846 
Liabilities held for sale3— 250 
Total current liabilities1,914 2,615 
Long-term debt, less current portion156,477 7,857 
Deferred income taxes17368 333 
Operating lease liabilities11269 266 
Other non-current liabilities16323 360 
Total non-current liabilities7,437 8,816 
Total liabilities9,351 11,431 
Commitments and contingencies1800
Shareholders’ equity  
Common stock, par value $0.10 per share; 205,188 shares issued and 203,688 shares outstanding at December 31, 2021; 204,857 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 202021 20 
Additional paid-in capital2,329 2,347 
Retained deficit(1,439)(1,920)
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,500 shares at December 31, 202119(41)— 
Accumulated other comprehensive income19412 330 
Total IGT PLC’s shareholders’ equity1,282 777 
Non-controlling interests689 784 
Total shareholders’ equity1,971 1,561 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity11,322 12,992 
    December 31,
  Notes 2018 2017
Assets    
  
Current assets:    
  
Cash and cash equivalents   250,669
 1,057,418
Restricted cash and cash equivalents   261,108
 248,012
Trade and other receivables, net 5 949,085
 937,854
Inventories 6 282,698
 319,545
Other current assets 7 504,061
 407,520
Income taxes receivable   39,075
 94,168
Total current assets   2,286,696
 3,064,517
Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, net 10 1,404,426
 1,434,194
Property, plant and equipment, net 10 185,349
 193,723
Goodwill 11 5,580,227
 5,723,815
Intangible assets, net 12 2,044,723
 2,273,460
Other non-current assets 7 2,108,964
 2,427,953
Deferred income taxes 15 38,117
 41,546
Total non-current assets   11,361,806
 12,094,691
Total assets 21 13,648,502
 15,159,208
       
Liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interests, and shareholders' equity    
  
Current liabilities:    
  
Accounts payable   1,142,371
 1,240,753
Other current liabilities 13 816,722
 1,780,875
Current portion of long-term debt 14 
 599,114
Short-term borrowings 14 34,822
 
Income taxes payable   8,209
 55,935
Total current liabilities   2,002,124
 3,676,677
Long-term debt, less current portion 14 7,977,267
 7,777,445
Deferred income taxes 15 446,083
 491,460
Income taxes payable   25,654
 55,665
Other non-current liabilities 13 445,445
 446,113
Total non-current liabilities   8,894,449
 8,770,683
Total liabilities   10,896,573
 12,447,360
Commitments and contingencies 17 

 

Redeemable non-controlling interests 19 
 356,917
Shareholders’ equity    
  
Common stock, par value $0.10 per share; 204,210,731 and 203,446,572 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively   20,421
 20,344
Additional paid-in capital   2,534,134
 2,676,854
Retained deficit   (1,008,193) (1,032,372)
Accumulated other comprehensive income 18 261,537
 340,169
Total IGT PLC’s shareholders’ equity   1,807,899
 2,004,995
Non-controlling interests 19 944,030
 349,936
Total shareholders’ equity   2,751,929
 2,354,931
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interests, and shareholders’ equity   13,648,502
 15,159,208


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


F-4

International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statements of Operations
($ in millions and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
    For the year ended December 31,
  Notes 2018 2017 2016
Service revenue 3, 21 4,046,314
 4,136,556
 4,375,586
Product sales 3, 21 784,942
 802,403
 778,310
Total revenue 3, 21 4,831,256
 4,938,959
 5,153,896
         
Cost of services   2,450,658
 2,553,083
 2,553,479
Cost of product sales   491,030
 579,431
 582,358
Selling, general and administrative   844,059
 816,093
 945,824
Research and development   263,279
 313,088
 343,531
Restructuring expense   14,781
 39,876
 27,934
Impairment loss 23 120,407
 715,220
 37,744
Transaction expense (income), net   51
 (26,740) 2,590
Total operating expenses   4,184,265
 4,990,051
 4,493,460
         
Operating income (loss) 21 646,991
 (51,092) 660,436
         
Interest income   14,231
 10,436
 12,840
Interest expense 14 (431,618) (458,899) (469,268)
Foreign exchange gain (loss), net   129,051
 (443,977) 101,040
Other (expense) income, net 24 (54,607) (33,393) 18,365
Total non-operating expenses   (342,943) (925,833) (337,023)
         
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes 15 304,048
 (976,925) 323,413
         
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes 15 189,401
 (29,414) 59,206
         
Net income (loss)   114,647
 (947,511) 264,207
         
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests   115,671
 55,400
 45,413
Less: Net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests   20,326
 65,665
 7,457
Net (loss) income attributable to IGT PLC   (21,350) (1,068,576) 211,337
         
Net (loss) income attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic 25 (0.10) (5.26) 1.05
Net (loss) income attributable to IGT PLC per common share - diluted 25 (0.10) (5.26) 1.05
         
Weighted-average shares - basic 25 204,083
 203,130
 201,511
Weighted-average shares - diluted 25 204,083
 203,130
 202,214
 For the year ended December 31,
 Notes202120202019
Service revenue4, 213,483 2,640 3,101 
Product sales4, 21606 476 931 
Total revenue4, 214,089 3,115 4,032 
Cost of services1,754 1,634 1,777 
Cost of product sales377 346 558 
Selling, general and administrative810 707 850 
Research and development238 191 266 
Restructuring1245 25 
Goodwill impairment13— 296 99 
Other operating expense (income), net(21)
Total operating expenses3,187 3,223 3,554 
Operating income (loss)21902 (107)478 
Interest expense, net15341 398 411 
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net(66)309 (40)
Other expense (income), net98 33 (21)
Total non-operating expenses373 740 350 
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes17529 (848)128 
Provision for income taxes17274 28 131 
Income (loss) from continuing operations255 (875)(3)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax24 37 114 
Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax391 — — 
Income from discontinued operations3415 37 114 
Net income (loss)670 (839)112 
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests from continuing operations190 64 126 
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations3(2)(5)
Net income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC482 (898)(19)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic230.32 (4.59)(0.63)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - diluted230.31 (4.59)(0.63)
Net income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic232.35 (4.39)(0.09)
Net income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC per common share - diluted232.33 (4.39)(0.09)
Weighted-average shares - basic23204,954 204,725 204,373 
Weighted-average shares - diluted23206,795 204,725 204,373 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5


International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
($ thousands)in millions)
 
    For the year ended December 31,
  Notes 2018 2017 2016
Net income (loss)   114,647
 (947,511) 264,207
         
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax:    
  
  
         
Change in foreign currency translation:        
Foreign currency translation adjustments 18 (90,309) 182,791
 (49,881)
Reclassification of (income) loss to net income 18 (4,254) 
 118
Total foreign currency translation adjustments   (94,563) 182,791
 (49,763)
         
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:    
  
  
Unrealized (loss) gain on cash flow hedges 18 (163) (6,610) 8,351
Reclassification of loss (gain) to net income 18 536
 1,744
 (5,218)
Total change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges   373
 (4,866) 3,133
         
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities 18 (5,408) (678) 8,772
         
Unrealized gain (loss) on defined benefit plans 18 429
 (120) (682)
         
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax   (99,169) 177,127
 (38,540)
         
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive income 18 1,846
 1,936
 4,548
Other comprehensive (loss) income   (97,323) 179,063
 (33,992)
         
Total comprehensive income (loss)   17,324
 (768,448) 230,215
         
Less: Total comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests   96,980
 54,937
 45,616
Less: Total comprehensive income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests   20,326
 65,665
 7,457
Total comprehensive (loss) income attributable to IGT PLC   (99,982) (889,050) 177,142
 For the year ended December 31,
 Notes202120202019
Net income (loss)670 (839)112 
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax1928 128 (17)
Unrealized gain (loss) on hedges, net of tax19(1)(1)
Unrealized (loss) gain on other, net of tax19(1)— 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax1930 127 (15)
Comprehensive income (loss)700 (712)97 
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests136 119 115 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC564 (831)(18)
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



F-6

International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
($ thousands)in millions)
 For the year ended December 31,
 Notes202120202019
Cash flows from operating activities   
Net income (loss)670 (839)112 
Less: Income from discontinued operations415 37 114 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations:   
Depreciation325 355 386 
Amortization of upfront license fees216 210 206 
Amortization201 211 228 
Loss on extinguishment of debt92 28 12 
Deferred income taxes38 (78)(68)
Stock-based compensation2235 (7)27 
Debt issuance cost amortization19 21 22 
Goodwill impairment13— 296 99 
Gain on sale of assets(9)— (65)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net(66)309 (40)
Other non-cash items, net(2)19 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions and dispositions:   
Trade and other receivables(95)74 (49)
Inventories(13)17 84 
Accounts payable(36)28 
Other assets and liabilities41 31 21 
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations1,010 595 907 
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities from discontinued operations(31)271 186 
Net cash provided by operating activities978 866 1,093 
Cash flows from investing activities   
Capital expenditures(238)(255)(377)
Proceeds from sale of assets21 124 
Other12 
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations(216)(233)(248)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations852 (35)(65)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities636 (269)(312)
Cash flows from financing activities   
Principal payments on long-term debt(2,846)(959)(848)
Payments in connection with the extinguishment of debt(85)(25)(9)
Net (payments of) receipts from financial liabilities(50)67 (34)
Payments of debt issuance costs(14)(22)(26)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) Revolving Credit Facilities17 (29)(417)
Net proceeds from (payments of) short-term borrowings51 (7)(32)
Proceeds from long-term debt1,339 750 1,397 
Repurchases of common stock(41)— — 
Dividends paid(41)(41)(164)
Dividends paid - non-controlling interests(91)(136)(137)
Return of capital - non-controlling interests(127)(32)(99)
Capital increase - non-controlling interests12 
Other(23)(11)(10)
Net cash used in financing activities(1,898)(438)(376)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents(284)159 405 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents(37)76 (22)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period1,129 894 512 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period808 1,129 894 
Less: Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations— 23 19 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period of continuing operations808 1,106 876 
F-7

    For the year ended December 31,
  Notes 2018 2017 2016
Cash flows from operating activities    
  
  
Net income (loss)   114,647
 (947,511) 264,207
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:    
  
  
Depreciation   432,899
 401,085
 390,448
Amortization   272,561
 401,355
 492,021
Service revenue amortization   217,341
 209,774
 116,980
Impairment loss 23 120,407
 715,220
 37,744
Loss on extinguishment of debt 24 54,423
 25,733
 
Stock-based compensation expense 22 33,086
 4,704
 26,346
Debt issuance cost amortization   22,042
 23,217
 18,347
Deferred income tax provision 15 (34,494) (296,265) (153,649)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss, net   (129,051) 443,977
 (101,040)
Gain on sale of Double Down Interactive LLC 4 
 (51,348) 
Other non-cash costs, net   29,550
 25,768
 (142)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of disposition and acquisitions:    
  
  
Trade and other receivables   (54,356) 45,465
 (23,758)
Inventories   12,556
 51,406
 (76,321)
Upfront Italian license fees 13, 19 (878,055) (244,698) (665,260)
Accounts payable   (51,990) (3,031) 37,062
Other assets and liabilities   (131,940) (141,463) (24,931)
Net cash provided by operating activities   29,626
 663,388
 338,054
         
Cash flows from investing activities    
  
  
Capital expenditures   (533,052) (698,010) (541,943)
Proceeds from sale of assets   19,243
 167,452
 185,798
Proceeds from sale of Double Down Interactive LLC, net of cash divested 4 
 823,788
 
Other   2,272
 2,336
 16,704
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities   (511,537) 295,566
 (339,441)
         
Cash flows from financing activities    
  
  
Principal payments on long-term debt   (1,899,888) (1,754,259) (357,513)
Dividends paid   (163,236) (162,528) (161,179)
Dividends paid - non-controlling interests   (126,926) (50,601) (32,717)
Return of capital - non-controlling interests   (85,121) (52,352) (35,407)
Payments in connection with the extinguishment of debt   (49,976) (38,832) 
Debt issuance costs paid   (17,033) (16,378) (10,825)
Net receipts from (payments of) financial liabilities   7,123
 (150) 30,595
Net proceeds from short-term borrowings 14 34,822
 
 
Capital increase - non-controlling interests   321,584
 41,011
 40,771
Proceeds from long-term debt   1,687,761
 1,762,270
 
Return of capital - redeemable non-controlling interests 19 
 (32,039)  
Dividends paid - redeemable non-controlling interests 19 
 (7,307)  
Capital increase - redeemable non-controlling interests 19 
 107,457
 215,684
Other   (20,655) (43,264) (1,548)
Net cash used in financing activities   (311,545) (246,972) (312,139)
         
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents   (793,456) 711,982
 (313,526)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents   (197) 52,132
 9,654
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period   1,305,430
 541,316
 845,188
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period   511,777
 1,305,430
 541,316

International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
($ thousands)in millions)

 For the year ended December 31,
 202120202019
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information   
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest369 410 400 
Income taxes188 89 197 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital expenditures26 24 35 
  For the year ended December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
Supplemental Cash Flow Information  
  
  
Interest paid (445,698) (417,110) (450,655)
Income taxes paid (239,831) (296,386) (183,278)
       
Capital expenditures (51,805) (62,858) (76,174)
Non-cash investing activities, net (51,805) (62,858) (76,174)
       
Dividends declared - non-controlling interests 
 (12,588) (12,696)
Non-cash financing activities, net 
 (12,588) (12,696)


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.



F-8

International Game Technology PLC
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
($ thousands)
in millions)
Common
Stock
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
Retained DeficitTreasury StockAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Total
IGT PLC
Equity
Non-
Controlling
Interests
Total
Equity
Common
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-In
Capital
 
Retained
(Deficit) Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Total
IGT PLC
Equity
 
Non-
Controlling
Interests
 
Total
Equity
Balance at December 31, 201520,024
 2,816,057
 (13,271) 194,838
 3,017,648
 348,494
 3,366,142
             
Net income
 
 211,337
 
 211,337
 45,413
 256,750
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
 
 
 (34,195) (34,195) 203
 (33,992)
Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
 211,337
 (34,195) 177,142
 45,616
 222,758
             
Capital increase
 
 
 
 
 40,771
 40,771
Stock-based compensation expense
 26,346
 
 
 26,346
 
 26,346
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options96
 11,687
 
 
 11,783
 
 11,783
Shares issued under stock award plans108
 (1,448) 
 
 (1,340) 
 (1,340)
Payment for accelerated stock awards
 (3,489) 
 
 (3,489) 
 (3,489)
Return of capital
 
 
 
 
 (36,197) (36,197)
Dividends paid
 
 (161,179) 
 (161,179) (46,016) (207,195)
Other
 608
 1,180
 
 1,788
 4,298
 6,086
Balance at December 31, 201620,228
 2,849,761
 38,067
 160,643
 3,068,699
 356,966
 3,425,665
Balance at December 31, 2018Balance at December 31, 201820 2,534 (1,008)— 262 1,808 944 2,752 
             
Net (loss) income
 
 (1,068,576) 
 (1,068,576) 55,400
 (1,013,176)Net (loss) income— — (19)— — (19)131 112 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 179,526
 179,526
 (463) 179,063
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax— — — — (16)(15)
Total comprehensive (loss) income
 
 (1,068,576) 179,526
 (889,050) 54,937
 (834,113)Total comprehensive (loss) income— — (19)— (18)115 97 
             
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— 27 — — — 27 — 27 
Capital increase
 
 
 
 
 41,799
 41,799
Capital increase— — — — — — 
Stock-based compensation expense
 4,704
 
 
 4,704
 
 4,704
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options21
 (3,566) 
 
 (3,545) 
 (3,545)
Shares issued under stock award plans95
 (11,514) 
 
 (11,419) 
 (11,419)Shares issued under stock award plans— (2)— — — (2)— (2)
Return of capital
 
 
 
 
 (51,211) (51,211)Return of capital— — — — — — (99)(99)
Dividends paid
 (162,528) 
 
 (162,528) (49,777) (212,305)Dividends paid— (164)— — — (164)(137)(300)
Other
 (3) (1,863) 
 (1,866) (2,778) (4,644)Other— — — — 
Balance at December 31, 201720,344
 2,676,854
 (1,032,372) 340,169
 2,004,995
 349,936
 2,354,931
Balance at December 31, 2019Balance at December 31, 201920 2,396 (1,020)— 263 1,658 827 2,485 
             
Net (loss) income
 
 (21,350) 
 (21,350) 115,671
 94,321
Net (loss) income— — (898)— — (898)59 (839)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
 
 (78,632) (78,632) (18,691) (97,323)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxOther comprehensive income, net of tax— — — — 67 67 59 127 
Total comprehensive (loss) income
 
 (21,350) (78,632) (99,982) 96,980
 (3,002)Total comprehensive (loss) income— — (898)— 67 (831)119 (712)
             
Reclassification of redeemable non-controlling interests
 
 
 
 
 377,243
 377,243
Capital increase
 
 
 
 
 319,254
 319,254
Capital increase— — — — — — 
Adoption of new accounting standards
 
 45,527
 
 45,527
 
 45,527
Stock-based compensation expense
 33,086
 
 
 33,086
 
 33,086
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options15
 (1,566) 
 
 (1,551) 
 (1,551)
Shares issued under stock award plans62
 (11,153) 
 
 (11,091) 
 (11,091)Shares issued under stock award plans— (1)— — — (1)— (1)
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— (7)— — — (7)— (7)
Return of capital
 
 
 
 
 (85,046) (85,046)Return of capital— — — — — — (32)(32)
Dividends paid
 (163,236) 
 
 (163,236) (114,337) (277,573)Dividends paid— (41)— — — (41)(138)(178)
Other
 149
 2
 
 151
 
 151
Other— — (2)— — (2)— (2)
Balance at December 31, 201820,421
 2,534,134
 (1,008,193) 261,537
 1,807,899
 944,030
 2,751,929
Balance at December 31, 2020Balance at December 31, 202020 2,347 (1,920)— 330 777 784 1,561 
Net incomeNet income— — 482 — — 482 188 670 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxOther comprehensive income (loss), net of tax— — — — 82 82 (52)30 
Total comprehensive incomeTotal comprehensive income— — 482 — 82 564 136 700 
Stock-based compensationStock-based compensation— 35 — — — 35 — 35 
Capital increaseCapital increase— — — — — — 13 13 
Shares issued under stock award plansShares issued under stock award plans— (12)— — — (12)— (12)
Divestiture of non-controlling interestDivestiture of non-controlling interest— — — — — — (30)(30)
Repurchases of common stockRepurchases of common stock— — — (41)— (41)— (41)
Return of capitalReturn of capital— — — — — — (127)(127)
Dividends paidDividends paid— (41)— — — (41)(91)(132)
OtherOther— — — — — — 
Balance at December 31, 2021Balance at December 31, 202121 2,329 (1,439)(41)412 1,282 689 1,971 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-9

International Game Technology PLC
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements


1.Description of Business
1.Description of Business
 
International Game Technology PLC a public limited company organized under the laws of England and Wales (the "Parent"“Parent”), has its corporate headquarters at 66 Seymour Street, 2nd floor, London, W1H 5BT, United Kingdom. The Parent is the successor to GTECH S.p.A., a società per azioni incorporated under the laws of Italy ("GTECH"), and the sole stockholder of International Game Technology, a Nevada corporation ("IGT"). The Parent, together with its consolidated subsidiaries has principal operating facilities(collectively referred to as “IGT PLC,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”), is a global leader in Providence, Rhode Island; Las Vegas, Nevada;gaming that delivers entertaining and Rome, Italy.
When used in these notes, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise indicates,responsible gaming experiences for players across all referenceschannels and regulated segments, from gaming machines and lotteries to "IGT PLC," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us" refer to the businesssports betting and operationsdigital. We operate and provide an integrated portfolio of the Parent and its consolidated subsidiaries.
We are a leading commercial operator and provider of technology in the regulated worldwideinnovative gaming markets that operates and provides a full range of services and leading-edge technology products across alland services, including: lottery management services, online and instant lottery systems, gaming markets, including lotteries, machinesystems, instant ticket printing, electronic gaming machines, sports betting, interactivedigital gaming, digital lottery, and commercial services. Our state-of-the-art information technology platformsWe have a local presence and software enable distributionrelationships with governments and regulators in more than 100 countries around the world.

2.Summary of our products and services through land-based systems, internet and mobile devices.Significant Accounting Policies

2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies


Basis of Preparation

The accompanyingOur consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes of the Company have beenare prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"(“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements are stated in thousandsmillions of United States (“U.S.”) dollars (except share and per share data) unless otherwise indicated.indicated, and are computed based on the amounts in thousands. Certain amounts in columns and rows within tables may not foot due to rounding. Percentages and earnings per share amounts presented are calculated from the underlying unrounded amounts.

As further described in Note 3 - Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale, on May 10, 2021, the Company completed the sale of its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, which met the criteria to be reported as a discontinued operation during the fourth quarter of 2020. As a result, the historical financial results are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements as a discontinued operation, and assets and liabilities were classified as assets and liabilities held for sale at December 31, 2020.

Recasting of Certain Prior Period Information
During the third quarter of 2021, we modified the information that our chief operating decision maker, who was also our Chief Executive Officer, regularly reviewed for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance, prompting a change in management, operating segments, and reporting units. As a result, beginning in the third quarter of 2021, we report our financial performance based on our new business segments described in Note 21 – Segment Information. We have reclassified certain prior period amountsrecast our historically presented comparative segment information to align with the current period presentation. All references to “U.S. dollars,” “U.S. dollar” and “$” referconform to the currency of the United States of America. All references to "euro"way we internally manage and "€" refer to the currency introduced at the startmonitor segment performance as of the third stagequarter of 2021. This change primarily impacted Note 4 - Revenue Recognition, Note 13 - Goodwill, andNote 21 – Segment Information, with no impact on consolidated revenue, net income, or cash flows.

Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the European EconomicParent, our majority-owned or controlled subsidiaries, and Monetary Union pursuantany variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Earnings or losses attributable to non-controlling interests in a subsidiary are included in net income (loss) in the Treaty onconsolidated statements of operations.

Investments in which we have the Functioningability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, and with respect to which we are not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Equity investments in which we have no ability to exercise significant influence that do not have a readily determinable fair value and do not have a Net Asset Value per share are measured at cost, less impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes. Equity method investments and equity investments in which we have no ability to exercise significant influence are included within other non-current assets in the European Union, as amended.consolidated balance sheets.


F-10

Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires managementus to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions thatwhich affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and liabilitiesexpenses, and disclosuresrelated disclosure of contingencies on the balance sheet dates and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting periods.

Wecontingent liabilities. On an ongoing basis we evaluate our estimates, continuouslyjudgments, and methodologies. We base themour estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to beare reasonable, under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates ifof which form the assumptions prove incorrect. Tobasis for making judgments about the extent there are material differences betweencarrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenues and expenses. Accordingly, actual results and these estimates, our future resultsoutcomes could be materially and adversely affected. We believe the accounting policies described below require us to make significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Our most critical accounting estimates include revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts and credit losses, income taxes, legal and other contingencies and evaluation of long-lived assets for impairment.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Parent and its controlled subsidiaries, which are primarily majority owned. Investments in other entities that we have the ability to control, through a majority voting interest or otherwise, or with respect to which we are the primary beneficiary, are consolidated. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. Earnings or losses attributable to any non-controlling interests or redeemable non-controlling interests in a subsidiary are included in net income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations.

Investments in affiliates, through which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control and with respect to which we are not the primary beneficiary, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Investments in affiliates through which we have no ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for using the cost method of accounting.


Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries located outside of the United States that have a local functional currency are translated to U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense accounts for these subsidiaries are translated at the average exchange rates for the periods. Resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") within shareholders’ equity. We record gains and lossesdiffer from currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency in the consolidated statement of operations.

those estimates.
Revenue Recognition

We account for a contract with a customer when:
i.we have written approval;
ii.the contract is committed;
iii.the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified;
iv.the contract has commercial substance; and
v.collectability we have written approval; the parties are committed to perform their respective obligations; the rights of the parties, including payment terms, are identified; the contract has commercial substance; and collection of consideration is probable.


Performance obligations are identified at contract inception. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer products or services that are distinct. If we enter into two or more contracts at or near the same time, the contracts may be combined and accounted for as one contract, in which case we determine whether the services or products in the combined contract are distinct. A service or product that is promised to a customer is distinct if both of the following criteria are met:
Thethe customer can benefit from the service or product either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer; and
Our our promise to transfer the service or product to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract.

Revenue is recognized when (or as) control of a promised service or product transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration (which represents the transaction price) to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring that service or product. If the consideration promised in a contract includes a variable amount, we estimate the amount to which we expect to be entitled using either the expected value or most likely amount method. Our contracts may include terms that could cause variability in the consideration, including, for example, rebates, volume discounts, service-level penalties, and performance bonuses or other forms of contingent revenue.


Our standard payment terms dictate that payment is due upon receipt of invoice, payable within 30 days. Invoices are generally issued as control transfers and/or as services are rendered. Additionally, in determining the transaction price, we adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the payment terms are not standard and the timing of payments agreed to by the parties to the contract provide the customer or the Company with a significant benefit of financing, in which case the contract contains a significant financing component. Most arrangements that contain a significant financing component include explicit financing terms.


We may include subcontractor services or third-party vendor services or products in certain arrangements. In these arrangements, revenue from sales of third-party vendor services or products are recorded net of costs when we are acting as an agent between the customer and the vendor, and gross when we are the principal for the transaction. To determine whether we are an agent or principal, we consider whether we obtain control of the services or products before they are transferred to the customer. In making this evaluation, several factors are considered, most notably whether we have primary responsibility for fulfillment to the customer, as well as inventory risk and pricing discretion.


Additional information on revenue recognition is included in Note 4.- Revenue Recognition.

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations
We often enter into contracts that consist of a combination of services and products based on the needs of our customers, which may include post-contract support for the software and a contract for post-warranty maintenance service for the hardware. These contracts consist of multiple services and products, whereby the hardware and software may be delivered in one period and the software support and hardware maintenance services are delivered over time.

To the extent that a service or product in an arrangement with multiple performance obligations is subject to other specific accounting guidance, that service or product is accounted for in accordance with such specific guidance.

For all other distinct services and products in these arrangements, the arrangement transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis or another method that depicts the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services or products. If the services and products are
F-11

not distinct, we determine an appropriate measure of progress based on the nature of our overall promise for the single performance obligation.

To the extent we grant the customer the option to acquire additional services or products in one of these arrangements, we account for the option as a distinct performance obligation in the contract only if the option provides a material right to the customer that it would not receive without entering into the contract (i.e., a significant discount incremental to the range of discounts typically given for the service or product), in which case the customer in effect pays in advance for the option to purchase future services or products. We allocate a portion of the transaction price to the material right and recognize revenue when those future services or products are transferred or when the option expires.

Standalone Selling Price
We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) basis. The SSP is the price at which we would sell a promised service or product separately to a customer. In some instances, we are able to establish SSP based on the observable prices of services or products sold separately in comparable circumstances to a similar customer. We typically establish an SSP range for our services and products that are reassessed on a periodic basis or when facts and circumstances change.

In other instances, we may not be able to establish an SSP range based on observable prices, and we estimate the SSP by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, overall market conditions, including geographic or regional specific factors, competitive positioning, competitor actions, internal costs, profit objectives, and pricing practices. Estimating SSP is a formal process that includes review and approval by management.

Contract Costs
Certain eligible, non-recurring costs incurred in the initial phases of service contracts are capitalized and amortized ratably over the expected period of benefit, which includes anticipated contract renewals or extensions. Recurring operating costs in these contracts are recognized as incurred.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions
We report revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions.

We generally expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract (e.g., sales commissions) when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. For certain of our long-term contracts, recoverable costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected customer relationship period.

We do not account for significant financing components if the period between when we transfer the promised service or product to the customer and when the customer pays for that service or product will be one year or less.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) performance obligations for which we recognize revenue at the amount that we have the right to invoice for services performed, (iii) contracts for which variable consideration is accounted for in accordance with sales-based or usage-based royalty guidance, and (iv) wholly unperformed contracts.

Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets arise from contracts when revenue is recognized over time and the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. These amounts are included in contract assets until the right to payment is no longer conditional on events other than the passage of time. Contract liabilities include deferred revenue, advance payments, and billings in excess of revenue recognized.

Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to directors and employees. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date or modification date, based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognized as expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the vesting periods. For awards subject to cliff vesting, compensation
F-12

cost is recognized by way of a straight-line method over the award’s expected vesting period. For awards subject to graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized by way of an accelerated attribution method over the entire awards’ expected vesting periods.

Advertising
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $33 million, $25 million, and $34 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs (“R&D”), which principally include employee compensation costs, are expensed as incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition, such as bank deposits, money market funds, and interest bearing bank accounts with insignificant interest rate risk. The fair value of cash and cash equivalents approximates the carrying amount.

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents
We are required by gaming regulations to maintain sufficient reserves in restricted cash accounts to be used for the purpose of funding payments to WAP jackpot winners. These restricted cash balances are based primarily on the jackpot meters displayed to slot players, or for previously won jackpots, and vary by jurisdiction. Under our Italian Lotto contract, we deposit wagers, net of prizes paid and retailer commissions retained by the retailer at point of sale, into bank accounts, the use of which is restricted based on the contract with our customer. Restricted cash is also maintained for interactive digital player deposits, collections on factored and serviced receivables not yet paid through to the third-party owner, and for customer funds received in relation to the provision of our commercial services. These amounts are restricted based on the contracts with our customers or local regulations.

Allowance for Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for credit losses on receivables resulting from the expected failure or inability of our customers to make required payments. The allowance is regularly reviewed by considering factors such as the creditworthiness of our customers, historical experience, aging of receivables, and current market and economic conditions, as well as management’s expectations of future conditions when appropriate. The allowance is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the receivable to present the net amount expected to be collected.

We estimate expected credit losses on receivables on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Trade and other receivables and customer financing receivables represent the initial pools which are segregated further by business segment, geography, internal risk rating, and aging. The risk of loss is assessed over the contractual life of the receivables and we adjust historical loss rates for current and future conditions based on qualitative considerations. The expected loss rate for each receivable pool is applied to the aggregate receivable balance to determine the allowance requirement. Receivables are written off against the allowance in the period they are determined to be uncollectible.

We determine delinquency based on the contractual payment terms. An account may be considered delinquent if there are unpaid balances remaining on the account the day after the contractual due date.

For amounts due from certain government customers in the Global Lottery business segment, we have not established an allowance as we have no expectation of loss based on a long history of no credit losses and the explicit guarantee of a sovereign entity.

Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (applying the first in, first out method) and net realizable value. Allowances are made for defective, obsolete, or excess inventory.

F-13

Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale

We classify assets and liabilities (disposal groups) to be sold as held for sale in the period in which all of the following criteria are met: management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the disposal group; the disposal group is available for immediate sale in its present condition subject to terms customary for sales of such disposal groups; an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the disposal group have been initiated; the sale of the disposal group is probable, and transfer of the disposal group is expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year; the disposal group is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.

We initially measure a disposal group that is classified as held for sale at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less any costs to sell. Any loss resulting from this measurement is recognized in the period in which the held for sale criteria are met. Conversely, gains are not recognized on the sale of a disposal group until the date of sale. We assess the fair value of a disposal group, less any costs to sell, each reporting period it remains classified as held for sale and report any subsequent changes as an adjustment to the carrying value of the disposal group, as long as the new carrying value does not exceed the carrying value of the disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale.

Upon determining that a disposal group meets the criteria to be classified as held for sale, we report the assets and liabilities of the disposal group, if material, in the line items assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet in each period presented. Refer to Note 3 -Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale, for further information.

Systems, Equipment and Other Assets Related to Contracts, Net and Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
We have 2 categories of fixed assets: systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts (“Systems & Equipment”) and property, plant and equipment (“PPE”).

Systems & Equipment are assets that primarily support our operating contracts, FMCs, and WAP systems (collectively, the “Contracts”) and are principally composed of lottery and gaming assets, including those that are accounted for as operating leases with our customers. PPE are assets we use internally, not associated with Contracts, primarily related to production and assembly, selling, general and administration, and R&D.

Systems & Equipment and PPE are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Costs incurred for Systems & Equipment and PPE not yet placed into service are classified as construction in progress and are not depreciated until placed in service. Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, whereas major improvements that increase asset values and extend useful lives are capitalized. 

Systems & Equipment and PPE are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted forecasted cash flows resulting from the use and eventual disposition of such asset. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

Goodwill
The assets and liabilities of acquired businesses are recorded under the acquisition method of accounting at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying identifiable net assets of acquired businesses, and is stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Goodwill has been allocated to and is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is the same level as our operating segments. We evaluate our reporting units annually and if necessary, reassign goodwill using a relative fair value approach. As of December 31, 2021 we have identified 3 reporting units: Global Lottery, Global Gaming, and Digital & Betting.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. In performing the goodwill impairment test, we estimate the fair value of the reporting units using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows. We have the option to first assess various qualitative factors (commonly
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referred to as “Step 0”) to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and whether a quantitative analysis is necessary. If the Company does not elect to perform Step 0, it can voluntarily proceed directly to Step 1. In Step 1, the Company performs a quantitative analysis to compare the fair value of its reporting unit to its carrying value including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that unit, goodwill is not considered impaired, and the Company is not required to perform further testing. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then the Company would record an impairment loss equal to the difference.

Other Intangible Assets
Other intangible assets, which include indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets, are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets are composed of trademarks for which there is no foreseeable limit of the period over which they are expected to generate net cash inflows. Definite-lived intangible assets, which are primarily composed of customer relationships and computer software and game library, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. Estimated useful lives are determined considering the period the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. Amortization of software-related intangibles is included in cost of services and cost of product sales and amortization of other intangible assets is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill are tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying amount and whether the quantitative analysis is necessary. The quantitative analysis compares the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets to their carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the fair value.

Capitalized Software Development Costs
Costs incurred in the development of our externally-sold software products are expensed as incurred, except certain software development costs eligible for capitalization. Software development costs incurred subsequent to establishing technological feasibility and through the general release of the software products are capitalized. Capitalized costs are amortized over the products’ estimated economic life to cost of product sales in the consolidated statements of operations.

Costs incurred during the application development phase of software for services provided to customers are capitalized as internal-use software and amortized over the useful life to cost of services in the consolidated statements of operations. Costs incurred during the application development of software for internal use, and not for use in services provided to customers, are capitalized and amortized over the useful life to selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Upfront License Fees
We periodically make long-term investments in contracts with customers and obtain licenses to supply products and services to our customers. As consideration, we pay license fees, which are classified as other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. We recognize the amortization of the license fees as a reduction of service revenue over the estimated economic life of the license term. This method reflects the pattern in which economic benefits are expected to be realized. The recoverability of each payment is subject to significant estimates about future revenues related to the contracts’ future cash flows. We evaluate these assets for impairment and update amortization rates on an agreement by agreement basis. The assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable. In periods in which payments are made to the customer, we classify the payment as a cash outflow from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Jackpot Accounting
We incur costs to fund jackpots and accrue jackpot liabilities with every wager on devices connected to a WAP system. Jackpot liabilities are estimated based on the size of the jackpot, the number of WAP units in service, variations and volume of play, and interest rate movements. Jackpots are generally payable to winners immediately, in the case of instant wins, or in equal annual installments over 19 to 25 years. Winners may elect to receive a lump sum payment for the present value of the jackpot discounted at applicable interest rates in lieu of periodic annual installments.
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Jackpot liabilities are composed of payments due to previous winners, and amounts due to future winners of jackpots not yet won. Liabilities due to previous winners for periodic payments are carried at the accreted cost of a qualifying U.S. government or agency annuity investment that may be purchased at the time of the jackpot win. If the periodic liability is not initially funded with an annuity investment, it is discounted and accreted using the risk-free rate at the time of the jackpot win.

Liabilities due to future winners are recorded at the present value of the estimated amount of jackpots not yet won. We estimate the present value of these liabilities using current market rates, weighted with historical lump sum payout election ratios. Based on the most recent historical patterns, approximately 95% of winners will elect the lump sum payment option. The current portion of these liabilities are estimated based on historical experience with winner payment elections, in conjunction with the theoretical projected number of jackpots.

Legal and Other Contingencies
Loss contingency provisions arising from a legal proceeding or claim are recorded for probable and estimable losses at the best estimate of a loss, or when a best estimate cannot be made, at the minimum estimated loss, the determination of which requires significant judgment. If it is reasonably possible but not probable that a liability has been incurred, or if the amount of a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the amount or range of estimated loss is disclosed, if material. We evaluate our provisions for legal contingencies at least quarterly and, as appropriate, establish new provisions or adjust existing provisions to reflect the facts and circumstances known to us at the time, including information regarding negotiations, settlements, rulings, and other relevant events and developments, the advice of counsel, and the assumptions and judgment of management. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

Treasury Stock
We account for treasury stock acquisitions using the cost method. We account for the retirement of treasury stock by deducting its par value from common stock and reflecting any excess of cost over par value as a deduction from additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value Measurements
We account for certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are categorized, based on the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to the use of observable inputs and the lowest priority to the use of unobservable inputs. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. These levels are as follows:
Level 1 - inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets
Level 2 - inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the instruments
Level 3 - inputs are unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability 

Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments for the management of foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. We do not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes. Derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. All derivatives are recorded gross, except netting of foreign exchange contracts and counterparty netting of interest receivable and payable related to interest rate swaps, as applicable. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the nature of the hedge and the hedge effectiveness. Derivative gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged items.

For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified when the hedged item affects earnings. At that time, the amount is reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) to the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, changes in fair value are recorded in interest expense and are offset by changes in the fair value of the underlying debt instrument due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. In the event the
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derivative instruments are subsequently de-designated as hedges, the change in fair value is recognized in interest expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations with no corresponding offset to debt.
For derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges, the spot portion of the derivative gain or loss is reported in foreign currency translation within other comprehensive income (loss) to offset any gains or losses on translation of the net investment in the subsidiary until the net investment is sold or liquidated, at which point the amounts are reclassified to earnings. All other components of the derivative fair value will be reported as either interest income or interest expense, on an amortized basis.

Derivative instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value with the changes in fair value recorded in foreign exchange (gain) loss, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Leases
We determine whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception. As a lessee, we recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets also include any upfront lease payments or initial direct costs and are adjusted for lease incentives received.

We consider renewal and termination options, including whether they are reasonably certain to be exercised, in determining the lease term and establishing the ROU assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets and lease liabilities are calculated using our incremental borrowing rate, which is based on the lease currency and length of the lease, unless the implicit rate is determinable.

Most of our lease contracts contain both lease and non-lease components. As a lessee, we combine lease and non-lease components into a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets except certain communication equipment. For certain communication equipment, we allocate the consideration between lease and non-lease components based on relative standalone price. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Variable lease payments are generally expensed as incurred except for certain rent payments that depend on an index, which are included in lease payments using the index rate in effect as of the lease commencement date.

Short-term leases, which are leases with an initial term of 12 months or less with no purchase options that are reasonably certain of exercise, are not recognized on the balance sheet. The rental payments are recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Certain of our long term lottery and commercial gaming service arrangements include leases for equipment installed at customer locations. As the lessor, we combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets in arrangements that involve operating leases. The single combined component is accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, or ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), depending on which component is the predominant component in the arrangement. If a component cannot be combined, the consideration is allocated between the lease component and the non-lease component based on relative standalone selling price.

Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Tax credits are generally recognized as reductions of income tax provisions in the year in which the credits arise. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect of a change in income tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enacted or substantively enacted date.

Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the consolidated financial statements is in accordance with accounting authoritative guidance, which prescribes a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination. If the tax position is deemed “more likely than not” to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of the benefit to recognize in the consolidated financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

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We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included within other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

We use the period cost method for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions and therefore have not recorded deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse in future periods.

Foreign Currency Translation
The financial statements of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars, with the resulting translation adjustments recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) within shareholders’ equity. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, while income and expense items are translated using the average exchange rates during the period.

New Accounting Standards - Recently Adopted
In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842) - Lessors - Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”). This update requires sales-type or direct financing leases with variable payments that do not depend on a rate or an index and would have otherwise resulted in a day-one loss at lease commencement, to be classified as operating leases. The amendments in ASU 2021-05 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments can be applied retrospectively to leases that commenced or were modified on or after adoption of ASC 842, Leases, or prospectively to leases that commence or are modified on or after the date of adoption. We adopted ASU 2021-05 as of October 1, 2021 and applied the provisions prospectively to leases that commenced or were modified on or after October 1, 2021. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). This update simplifies the convertible debt accounting framework by reducing the number of accounting models used to account for convertible debt and preferred stock instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity's own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, the new guidance modifies the diluted earnings per share calculations for convertible debt instruments. We adopted ASU 2020-06 as of January 1, 2021 using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and had no effect on earnings per share information in the period of adoption.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). This update provides, among other things, simplifications for accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions. We adopted ASU 2019-12 as of January 1, 2021 and applied it prospectively. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Standards - Not Yet Adopted
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021-08”). The amendments create an exception to the general recognition and measurement principal in ASC 805, Business Combinations to measure assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination at fair value. Instead, an acquirer in a business combination will be required to apply ASC 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities that result from contracts accounted for under ASC 606 on the acquisition date and will generally result in the acquirer recognizing amounts consistent with those recorded by the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting this guidance.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”). This update provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Scope (“ASU 2021-01”) to clarify that ASU 2020-04 may apply to certain derivative contracts and hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment in connection with reference rate reform activities. The
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amendments in ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 are effective upon issuance through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating these optional elections and the timing and impact of adopting this guidance.

We do not currently expect that any other recently issued accounting guidance will have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements.

3.Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale

On December 7, 2020, the Parent announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, IGT Lottery S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.), had entered into a definitive agreement to sell 100 percent of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conducted its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses to Gamenet Group S.p.A. for a cash sale price of €950 million (€725 million of which was paid at closing, €100 million of which was paid on August 5, 2021, and the remaining €125 million of which is payable on September 30, 2022).

On May 10, 2021, the Company completed the sale and used the funds received at closing to pay transaction expenses and partially fund the May 20, 2021 full redemption of the 4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2023 through the exercise of the make-whole call option. The consideration received, net of $139 million of cash and restricted cash transferred, was $1.0 billion and resulted in a pre-tax gain on sale of $396 million ($391 million net of tax).

Summarized financial information for discontinued operations is shown below:

For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Total revenue74 429 778 
Operating income (1)
24 51 159 
Income from discontinued operations before provision for (benefit from) income taxes23 43 157 
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes on discontinued operations(1)42 
Gain on sale of discontinued operations before provision for income taxes396 — — 
Provision for income taxes on sale of discontinued operations— — 
Income from discontinued operations415 37 114 
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations(2)(5)
Income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC417 41 110 
(1) Includes depreciation and amortization of $95 million and $100 million for the years ended 2020 and 2019, respectively. There was no depreciation and amortization in 2021.

The Company has continuing involvement with the businesses via a transition services agreement (“TSA”). As part of the TSA, the Company provides various telecommunications, information technology, and back-office services for which the Company will continue to receive compensation. These services generally expire after no more than three years.

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The following represents the major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale as part of our discontinued operations:
December 31,
($ in millions)2020
Assets:
Trade and other receivables, net62 
Other current assets58 
Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, net86 
Goodwill520 
Intangible assets, net55 
Other non-current assets52 
Assets held for sale833 
Liabilities:
Accounts payable63 
Other current liabilities164 
Other non-current liabilities23 
Liabilities held for sale250 
The Company allocated $520 million of goodwill to discontinued operations using a relative fair value approach. Prior to the allocation to discontinued operations, the goodwill was included within our Global Gaming segment.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were $4 million and $5 million, respectively, of other disposal groups that meet the requirements to be classified as held for sale included in assets held for sale in our consolidated balance sheets.

4.    Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables summarize revenue disaggregated by business segment and the source of the revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:
For the year ended December 31, 2021
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts2,363 — — 2,363 
Gaming terminal services— 424 — 424 
Digital and betting services— — 163 163 
Systems, software, and other327 206 — 534 
Service revenue2,690 630 163 3,483 
Lottery products123 — — 123 
Gaming terminals— 339 — 339 
Other— 143 144 
Product sales123 482 606 
Total revenue2,812 1,112 165 4,089 
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For the year ended December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts1,744 — — 1,744 
Gaming terminal services— 298 — 298 
Digital and betting services— — 114 114 
Systems, software, and other299 186 — 484 
Service revenue2,043 483 114 2,640 
Lottery products121 — — 121 
Gaming terminals— 205 — 205 
Other— 148 149 
Product sales121 354 476 
Total revenue2,164 837 115 3,115 

For the year ended December 31, 2019
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts1,931 — — 1,931 
Gaming terminal services— 568 — 568 
Digital and betting services— — 76 76 
Systems, software, and other252 274 — 527 
Service revenue2,183 842 76 3,101 
Lottery products110 — — 110 
Gaming terminals— 581 — 581 
Other— 225 15 240 
Product sales110 806 15 931 
Total revenue2,293 1,648 91 4,032 

Sources of Revenue

Service Revenue


Service revenue is derived from the following sources:


Operating and Facilities Management Contracts;facilities management contracts;
Lottery Management Agreements ("LMA");Gaming terminal services;
Machine Gaming;Digital and betting services; and
Other Services.Systems, software, and other



Operating and Facilities Management Contracts – Global Lottery

Our revenue from operating contracts primarily from the Italy segment, is derived primarily from long-term exclusive operating licenses.licenses in Italy. Under operating contracts, we manage all the activities along the lottery value chain including collecting wagers, paying out prizes, managing all accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance, and supplying materials for the game. In most cases, the arrangement is accounted for as a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer (e.g.(i.e., distinct days of service).


Under operating contracts, we typically satisfy the performance obligation and recognize revenue over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as we perform the services. The amount of consideration
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to which we are typically entitled is variable based on a percentage of sales. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed performance.to date. In arrangements where we are performing services on behalf of the government and the government is considered our customer, revenue is recognized net of prize payments, taxes, retailer commissions, and remittances to state authorities.

Under operating contracts, we are generally required to pay an upfront license fee. When such upfront license payments are madeRefer to our customers, the payment is recorded as a non-current asset and amortized ratably as a reduction of service revenue over the period of usage of the license.Upfront License Fees policy above for further details.

Our revenue from facilities management contracts ("FMC"(“FMC”) is generated by constructing,assembling, installing, and operating the online lottery system and related point-of-sale equipment. Under a typical FMC, we maintain ownership of the technology and are responsible for capital investments throughout the duration of the contract. FMCs typically include a wide range of support services that are provided throughout the contract and are part of the integrated solution that the customer has contracted to obtain. In most cases, the arrangement is accounted for as a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer. Under FMCs, we typically satisfy the performance obligation and recognize revenue over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as we perform the services. The amount of transaction price to which we are entitled is typically variable based on a percentage of sales.sales, although under certain of its agreements, the Company receives fees based on a fixed fee arrangement. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer, as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our completed performance.


Lottery Management AgreementsGaming terminal services – Global Gaming

Our revenue from LMAs is primarily derived from two exclusive contracts within the North America Lottery segment. Similar to operating contracts, under LMAs we manage all the activities along the lottery value chain including collecting wagers, paying out prizes, managing all accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance and supplying materials for the game. The arrangement is a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service). In LMAs, we satisfy the performance obligation and recognize revenue over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as we perform the services. These contracts are annual cost reimbursable contracts with incentives based on the achievement of contractual metrics. Annually, we estimate the amount of incentive to which we expect to be entitled and recognize the incentive and gross revenues on costs incurred as we perform the service. Changes in the annual estimated incentive are made cumulatively each reporting period.

Under LMAs, we can be required to pay an upfront license fee. When such upfront license payments are made to our customers, the payment is recorded as a non-current asset and amortized ratably as a reduction of service revenue over the period of usage of the license.

Machine Gaming
Our revenue from machine gaming terminal services is generated by providing customers with proprietary land-based gaming systems and equipment under a variety of recurring revenue or lease arrangements, including a percentage of coin-in (amounts wagered),amounts wagered, a percentage of net win, or a fixed daily/monthly fee.

Included in machine gaming terminal services are Wide Area Progressive ("WAP"wide area progressive (“WAP”) systems. WAP systems consist of linked slot machines located in multiple casino properties, connected to a central computer system. WAP systems include a Company-sponsored progressive jackpot that increases with every wager until a player wins the top award combination. Casinos with WAP machines pay a percentage of the coin-inamounts wagered for services related to the design, assembly, installation, operation, maintenance, and marketing

of the WAP systems, as well as funding and administration of Company-sponsored progressive jackpots. A portion of the total fee collected is allocated to the WAP jackpot. Since the jackpot is a payment to the customer, the portion allocated to the jackpot is classified as a reduction of revenue.


In some arrangements, there is a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service). The amount of transaction price to which we are entitled typically is variable based on a percentage of wagers. This results in revenue recognition that corresponds with the value to the customer for the services transferred in the amount that we have the right to invoice. In other arrangements where the end customer is the player, we record revenue net of prize payouts once the wagering outcome has been determined.


Other ServicesDigital and betting services – Digital & Betting


We also generate revenue from other services, including sports bettingour iGaming solutions by providing gaming operators a license to offer IGT remote game server games on the operator websites and commercial services.mobile applications. We typically offer customers a usage-based license under which we receive a fee based on the net gaming revenue derived by the operator attributable to the IGT remote game server games. Revenue is typically recognized when the usage occurs.


We provide sports betting technology and services to lotteriescommercial and commercialtribal operators and lotteries in regulated markets, primarily in Italy and other countries in Europe as well as in the U.S. We currently offer two types ofIn the service contracts to our U.S. licensed sportsbook operators, we host a sports betting services: fixed odds contractsplatform and sports pools arrangements.

In fixed odds contracts,a variety of services including installation, configuration and integration services. For customers who want to have an outsourcing model, we establish and assumealso offer trading services with the risks related to the odds. The potential payout is fixed at the time bets are placed and we bear the riskinclusion of odds setting. We are responsible for collecting the wagers, paying prizes,setting and paying fees to retailers. We retain the remaining amounts as profits.risk management. Under these contracts, we generally record a percentage of net sports revenue net of prize payouts, onceover the wagering outcome has been determined.contractual term.


Systems, software, and other – Global Lottery

Our revenue from sports pools arrangements is derived from the management of sports pools where the prizes are divided among those players who select the correct outcome. There are no odds involved in sports pools and each winner’s payoff depends on the number of playerslottery contracts generally include other services, including telephone support, software maintenance, hardware maintenance, and the sizeright to receive unspecified upgrades or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and other professional services including software development. Fees earned for other services are generally recognized as service revenue in the period the service is performed (i.e., over the support period).
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We also develop technology to enable lotteries to offer commercial services over their existing lottery infrastructure or over standalone networks separate from the lottery. Leveraging our distribution network and secure transaction processing, we offer high-volume processing of commercial transactions including:including prepaid cellular telephone recharges, bill payments, e-vouchers and retail-based programs, electronic tax payments, stamp duty services, prepaid card recharges, and money transfers. These services are primarily offered outside of North America. In most cases, these arrangements are considered to be short in duration. The amount of transaction price that we are typically entitled to is variable based on the number of transactions processed. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our completed performance.

Systems, software, and other – Global Gaming

Our gaming contracts generally include other services, including telephone support, software maintenance, content licensing, royalty fees, hardware maintenance, and the right to receive unspecified upgradesupdates or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and other professional services. We also generate revenue from other services, including video central system monitoring, system support, and sales or usage-based licensing of intellectual property. Fees earned for other professional services are generally recognized as service revenue in the period the service is performed (i.e., over the support period).


Product SalesUpfront License Fees

We periodically make long-term investments in contracts with customers and obtain licenses to supply products and services to our customers. As consideration, we pay license fees, which are classified as other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. We recognize the amortization of the license fees as a reduction of service revenue over the estimated economic life of the license term. This method reflects the pattern in which economic benefits are expected to be realized. The recoverability of each payment is subject to significant estimates about future revenues related to the contracts’ future cash flows. We evaluate these assets for impairment and update amortization rates on an agreement by agreement basis. The assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable. In periods in which payments are made to the customer, we classify the payment as a cash outflow from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Product sales
Jackpot Accounting
We incur costs to fund jackpots and accrue jackpot liabilities with every wager on devices connected to a WAP system. Jackpot liabilities are estimated based on the size of the jackpot, the number of WAP units in service, variations and volume of play, and interest rate movements. Jackpots are generally payable to winners immediately, in the case of instant wins, or in equal annual installments over 19 to 25 years. Winners may elect to receive a lump sum payment for the present value of the jackpot discounted at applicable interest rates in lieu of periodic annual installments.
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Jackpot liabilities are composed of payments due to previous winners, and amounts due to future winners of jackpots not yet won. Liabilities due to previous winners for periodic payments are carried at the accreted cost of a qualifying U.S. government or agency annuity investment that may be purchased at the time of the jackpot win. If the periodic liability is not initially funded with an annuity investment, it is discounted and accreted using the risk-free rate at the time of the jackpot win.

Liabilities due to future winners are recorded at the present value of the estimated amount of jackpots not yet won. We estimate the present value of these liabilities using current market rates, weighted with historical lump sum payout election ratios. Based on the most recent historical patterns, approximately 95% of winners will elect the lump sum payment option. The current portion of these liabilities are estimated based on historical experience with winner payment elections, in conjunction with the theoretical projected number of jackpots.

Legal and Other Contingencies
Loss contingency provisions arising from a legal proceeding or claim are recorded for probable and estimable losses at the best estimate of a loss, or when a best estimate cannot be made, at the minimum estimated loss, the determination of which requires significant judgment. If it is reasonably possible but not probable that a liability has been incurred, or if the amount of a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the amount or range of estimated loss is disclosed, if material. We evaluate our provisions for legal contingencies at least quarterly and, as appropriate, establish new provisions or adjust existing provisions to reflect the facts and circumstances known to us at the time, including information regarding negotiations, settlements, rulings, and other relevant events and developments, the advice of counsel, and the assumptions and judgment of management. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

Treasury Stock
We account for treasury stock acquisitions using the cost method. We account for the retirement of treasury stock by deducting its par value from common stock and reflecting any excess of cost over par value as a deduction from additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value Measurements
We account for certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are categorized, based on the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to the use of observable inputs and the lowest priority to the use of unobservable inputs. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. These levels are as follows:
Level 1 - inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets
Level 2 - inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the instruments
Level 3 - inputs are unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability 

Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments for the management of foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. We do not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes. Derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. All derivatives are recorded gross, except netting of foreign exchange contracts and counterparty netting of interest receivable and payable related to interest rate swaps, as applicable. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the nature of the hedge and the hedge effectiveness. Derivative gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged items.

For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified when the hedged item affects earnings. At that time, the amount is reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) to the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, changes in fair value are recorded in interest expense and are offset by changes in the fair value of the underlying debt instrument due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. In the event the
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derivative instruments are subsequently de-designated as hedges, the change in fair value is recognized in interest expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations with no corresponding offset to debt.
For derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges, the spot portion of the derivative gain or loss is reported in foreign currency translation within other comprehensive income (loss) to offset any gains or losses on translation of the net investment in the subsidiary until the net investment is sold or liquidated, at which point the amounts are reclassified to earnings. All other components of the derivative fair value will be reported as either interest income or interest expense, on an amortized basis.

Derivative instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value with the changes in fair value recorded in foreign exchange (gain) loss, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Leases
We determine whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception. As a lessee, we recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets also include any upfront lease payments or initial direct costs and are adjusted for lease incentives received.

We consider renewal and termination options, including whether they are reasonably certain to be exercised, in determining the lease term and establishing the ROU assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets and lease liabilities are calculated using our incremental borrowing rate, which is based on the lease currency and length of the lease, unless the implicit rate is determinable.

Most of our lease contracts contain both lease and non-lease components. As a lessee, we combine lease and non-lease components into a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets except certain communication equipment. For certain communication equipment, we allocate the consideration between lease and non-lease components based on relative standalone price. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Variable lease payments are generally expensed as incurred except for certain rent payments that depend on an index, which are included in lease payments using the index rate in effect as of the lease commencement date.

Short-term leases, which are leases with an initial term of 12 months or less with no purchase options that are reasonably certain of exercise, are not recognized on the balance sheet. The rental payments are recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Certain of our long term lottery and commercial gaming service arrangements include leases for equipment installed at customer locations. As the lessor, we combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets in arrangements that involve operating leases. The single combined component is accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, or ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), depending on which component is the predominant component in the arrangement. If a component cannot be combined, the consideration is allocated between the lease component and the non-lease component based on relative standalone selling price.

Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Tax credits are generally recognized as reductions of income tax provisions in the year in which the credits arise. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect of a change in income tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enacted or substantively enacted date.

Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the consolidated financial statements is in accordance with accounting authoritative guidance, which prescribes a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination. If the tax position is deemed “more likely than not” to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of the benefit to recognize in the consolidated financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

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We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included within other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

We use the period cost method for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions and therefore have not recorded deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse in future periods.

Foreign Currency Translation
The financial statements of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars, with the resulting translation adjustments recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) within shareholders’ equity. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, while income and expense items are translated using the average exchange rates during the period.

New Accounting Standards - Recently Adopted
In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842) - Lessors - Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”). This update requires sales-type or direct financing leases with variable payments that do not depend on a rate or an index and would have otherwise resulted in a day-one loss at lease commencement, to be classified as operating leases. The amendments in ASU 2021-05 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments can be applied retrospectively to leases that commenced or were modified on or after adoption of ASC 842, Leases, or prospectively to leases that commence or are modified on or after the date of adoption. We adopted ASU 2021-05 as of October 1, 2021 and applied the provisions prospectively to leases that commenced or were modified on or after October 1, 2021. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). This update simplifies the convertible debt accounting framework by reducing the number of accounting models used to account for convertible debt and preferred stock instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity's own equity that are currently accounted for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, the new guidance modifies the diluted earnings per share calculations for convertible debt instruments. We adopted ASU 2020-06 as of January 1, 2021 using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and had no effect on earnings per share information in the period of adoption.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). This update provides, among other things, simplifications for accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions. We adopted ASU 2019-12 as of January 1, 2021 and applied it prospectively. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Standards - Not Yet Adopted
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021-08”). The amendments create an exception to the general recognition and measurement principal in ASC 805, Business Combinations to measure assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination at fair value. Instead, an acquirer in a business combination will be required to apply ASC 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities that result from contracts accounted for under ASC 606 on the acquisition date and will generally result in the acquirer recognizing amounts consistent with those recorded by the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the timing and impact of adopting this guidance.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”). This update provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Scope (“ASU 2021-01”) to clarify that ASU 2020-04 may apply to certain derivative contracts and hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment in connection with reference rate reform activities. The
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amendments in ASU 2020-04 and ASU 2021-01 are effective upon issuance through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating these optional elections and the timing and impact of adopting this guidance.

We do not currently expect that any other recently issued accounting guidance will have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements.

3.Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale

On December 7, 2020, the Parent announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, IGT Lottery S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.), had entered into a definitive agreement to sell 100 percent of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conducted its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses to Gamenet Group S.p.A. for a cash sale price of €950 million (€725 million of which was paid at closing, €100 million of which was paid on August 5, 2021, and the remaining €125 million of which is payable on September 30, 2022).

On May 10, 2021, the Company completed the sale and used the funds received at closing to pay transaction expenses and partially fund the May 20, 2021 full redemption of the 4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2023 through the exercise of the make-whole call option. The consideration received, net of $139 million of cash and restricted cash transferred, was $1.0 billion and resulted in a pre-tax gain on sale of $396 million ($391 million net of tax).

Summarized financial information for discontinued operations is shown below:

For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Total revenue74 429 778 
Operating income (1)
24 51 159 
Income from discontinued operations before provision for (benefit from) income taxes23 43 157 
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes on discontinued operations(1)42 
Gain on sale of discontinued operations before provision for income taxes396 — — 
Provision for income taxes on sale of discontinued operations— — 
Income from discontinued operations415 37 114 
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations(2)(5)
Income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC417 41 110 
(1) Includes depreciation and amortization of $95 million and $100 million for the years ended 2020 and 2019, respectively. There was no depreciation and amortization in 2021.

The Company has continuing involvement with the businesses via a transition services agreement (“TSA”). As part of the TSA, the Company provides various telecommunications, information technology, and back-office services for which the Company will continue to receive compensation. These services generally expire after no more than three years.

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The following represents the major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale as part of our discontinued operations:
December 31,
($ in millions)2020
Assets:
Trade and other receivables, net62 
Other current assets58 
Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, net86 
Goodwill520 
Intangible assets, net55 
Other non-current assets52 
Assets held for sale833 
Liabilities:
Accounts payable63 
Other current liabilities164 
Other non-current liabilities23 
Liabilities held for sale250 
The Company allocated $520 million of goodwill to discontinued operations using a relative fair value approach. Prior to the allocation to discontinued operations, the goodwill was included within our Global Gaming segment.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were $4 million and $5 million, respectively, of other disposal groups that meet the requirements to be classified as held for sale included in assets held for sale in our consolidated balance sheets.

4.    Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables summarize revenue disaggregated by business segment and the source of the revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019:
For the year ended December 31, 2021
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts2,363 — — 2,363 
Gaming terminal services— 424 — 424 
Digital and betting services— — 163 163 
Systems, software, and other327 206 — 534 
Service revenue2,690 630 163 3,483 
Lottery products123 — — 123 
Gaming terminals— 339 — 339 
Other— 143 144 
Product sales123 482 606 
Total revenue2,812 1,112 165 4,089 
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For the year ended December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts1,744 — — 1,744 
Gaming terminal services— 298 — 298 
Digital and betting services— — 114 114 
Systems, software, and other299 186 — 484 
Service revenue2,043 483 114 2,640 
Lottery products121 — — 121 
Gaming terminals— 205 — 205 
Other— 148 149 
Product sales121 354 476 
Total revenue2,164 837 115 3,115 

For the year ended December 31, 2019
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts1,931 — — 1,931 
Gaming terminal services— 568 — 568 
Digital and betting services— — 76 76 
Systems, software, and other252 274 — 527 
Service revenue2,183 842 76 3,101 
Lottery products110 — — 110 
Gaming terminals— 581 — 581 
Other— 225 15 240 
Product sales110 806 15 931 
Total revenue2,293 1,648 91 4,032 

Sources of Revenue

Service Revenue

Service revenue is derived from the following sources:


LotteryOperating and gaming machines, including game content;facilities management contracts;
Gaming terminal services;
Digital and betting services; and
LotterySystems, software, and gaming systemsother

Operating and other.Facilities Management Contracts – Global Lottery

Lottery and Gaming Machines, including Game Content

Our revenue from operating contracts is derived primarily from long-term exclusive operating licenses in Italy. Under operating contracts, we manage all the saleactivities along the lottery value chain including collecting wagers, paying out prizes, managing all accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance, and supplying materials for the game. In most cases, the arrangement is accounted for as a single performance obligation composed of lotterya series of distinct services that are substantially the same and gaming machines includes game content, non-machine gaming services related equipment, licensing and royalty fees, and component parts (including game themes and electronics conversion kits)have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service). Our credit terms are predominantly short-term in nature. We also grant extended payment terms under

Under operating contracts, where the sale iswe typically secured by the related equipment sold. Revenue from the sale of lottery and gaming machines is recognized based upon the contractual terms of each arrangement, but predominantly upon transfer of physical possession of the goods or the lapse of customer acceptance provisions. If the sale of lottery and gaming machines include multiple performance obligations, these arrangements are accounted

for under arrangements with multiple performance obligations, discussed below.

Lottery and Gaming Systems and Other
Our revenue from the sale of lottery systems and gaming systems typically includes multiple performance obligations, where we construct, sell, deliver and install a turnkey system (inclusive of point-of-sale terminals, if applicable) or deliver equipment and license the computer software for a fixed price, and the customer subsequently operates the system. These arrangements generally include customer acceptance provisions and general rights to terminate the contract if we are in breach of the contract or at the convenience of the customer. Such arrangements include hardware, software, and professional services. In these arrangements,satisfy the performance obligation is satisfiedand recognize revenue over time ifbecause the customer controlssimultaneously receives and consumes the assetbenefits provided as it is created (i.e., whenwe perform the asset is built at the customer site) or if our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and we have an enforceable right to payment plus a reasonable profit for performance completed to date. If revenue is not recognized over time, it is recognized based upon the contractual terms of each arrangement, but predominantly upon transfer of physical possession of the goods or the satisfaction of customer acceptance provisions. Our other product sales are primarily derived from the production and sales of instant ticket games under multi-year contracts. In these arrangements, the performance obligation is generally satisfied at a point in time (i.e., upon transfer of control of the game tickets to the customer) based on the contractual terms of each arrangement. 

Arrangements with Multiple Performance Obligations
We often enter into contracts that consist of any combination of services and products based on the needs of our customers, which may include post-contract support for the software and a contract for post-warranty maintenance service for the hardware. These contracts consist of multiple services and products, whereby the hardware and software may be delivered in one period and the software support and hardware maintenance services are delivered over time.
To the extent that a service or product in an arrangement with multiple performance obligations is subject to other specific accounting guidance, that service or product is accounted for in accordance with such specific guidance.
For all other distinct services and products in these arrangements, the arrangement transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis or another method that depicts theservices. The amount of consideration
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to which we expect to beare typically entitled in exchange for transferring the promised services or products. If the services and products are not distinct, we determine an appropriate measure of progressis variable based on the naturea percentage of our overall promise for the single performance obligation.

To the extent we grant the customer the option to acquire additional services or productssales. Revenue is typically recognized in one of these arrangements, we account for the option as a distinct performance obligation in the contract only if the option provides a material right to the customer that it would not receive without entering into the contract (i.e., a discount incremental to the range of discounts typically given for the service or product), in which case the customer in effect pays in advance for the option to purchase future services or products. We recognize revenue when those future services or products are transferred or when the option expires.

Standalone Selling Price
We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price ("SSP") basis. The SSP is the price at which we would sell a promised service or product separately to a customer. In some instances, we are able to establish SSP based on the observable prices of services or products sold separately in comparable circumstances to a similar customer. We typically establish an SSP range for our services and products that are reassessed on a periodic basis or when facts and circumstances change.
In other instances, we may not be able to establish an SSP range based on observable prices and we estimate the SSP by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, overall market conditions, including geographic or regional specific factors, competitive positioning, competitor actions, internal costs, profit objectives and pricing practices. Estimating SSP is a formal process that includes review and approval by management.

Contract Costs
Certain eligible, non-recurring costs incurred in the initial phases of service contracts are deferred and amortized ratably over the expected period of benefit, which includes anticipated contract renewals or extensions. Recurring operating costs in these contracts are recognized as incurred.


Practical Expedients and Exemptions

We report revenue net of any revenue-based taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transactions.

We generally expense sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. For certain of our long-term contracts, we capitalize and amortize incremental costs of obtaining a contract (e.g., sales commissions) on a straight-line basis over the expected customer relationship period if we expect to recover those costs.

We do not account for significant financing components if the period between when we transfer the promised service or product to the customer and when the customer pays for that service or product will be one year or less.

We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount that we have the right to invoice forthe customer as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. In arrangements where we are performing services performed.

Contract Assetson behalf of the government and Liabilities

Contract assets arise from contracts whenthe government is considered our customer, revenue is recognized net of prize payments, taxes, retailer commissions, and remittances to state authorities. Under operating contracts, we are generally required to pay an upfront license fee. Refer to the Upfront License Fees policy above for further details.

Our revenue from facilities management contracts (“FMC”) is generated by assembling, installing, and operating the online lottery system and related point-of-sale equipment. Under a typical FMC, we maintain ownership of the technology and are responsible for capital investments throughout the duration of the contract. FMCs typically include a wide range of support services that are provided throughout the contract and are part of the integrated solution that the customer has contracted to obtain. In most cases, the arrangement is accounted for as a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer. Under FMCs, we typically satisfy the performance obligation and recognize revenue over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as we perform the services. The amount of transaction price to which we are entitled is typically variable based on a percentage of sales, although under certain of its agreements, the Company receives fees based on a fixed fee arrangement. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount of revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. These amounts are included in contract assets untilthat we have the right to payment is no longer conditional on events other thaninvoice the passage of time. Contract liabilities include deferred revenue, advance payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized.

Prior Accounting Standards

Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company recognized revenue under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605, Revenue Recognition ("ASC 605") and ASC 985, Software ("ASC 985"). Our accounting policies under Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASC 606"), are materially similar to our prior accounting policiescustomer, as this corresponds directly with the following differences:value to the customer of our completed performance.


The Company recognizedGaming terminal services – Global Gaming

Our revenue when persuasive evidencefrom gaming terminal services is generated by providing customers with proprietary land-based gaming systems and equipment under a variety of an arrangement existed, delivery had occurred,recurring revenue or lease arrangements, including a percentage of amounts wagered, a percentage of net win, or a fixed daily/monthly fee.

Included in gaming terminal services are wide area progressive (“WAP”) systems. WAP systems consist of linked slot machines located in multiple casino properties, connected to a central computer system. WAP systems include a Company-sponsored progressive jackpot that increases with every wager until a player wins the sales price was fixedtop award combination. Casinos with WAP machines pay a percentage of amounts wagered for services related to the design, assembly, installation, operation, maintenance, and determinable and collectability was reasonably assured (or probable under ASC 985, Software);
The Company allocated the transaction price based on the relative selling price for each element determined using vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), if available, third-party evidence (“TPE”) or best estimate of selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE were available. The Company’s process for determining relative selling price was materially the same as its current allocationmarketing of the transaction priceWAP systems, as well as funding and administration of Company-sponsored progressive jackpots. A portion of the total fee collected is allocated to each performance obligation; and
Jackpot expense for ourthe WAP services were recognized asjackpot. Since the jackpot is a cost of service, whereas similar payments under ASC 606 are recognizedpayment to the customer, the portion allocated to the jackpot is classified as a reduction of revenue.


In some arrangements, there is a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service). The amount of transaction price to which we are entitled typically is variable based on a percentage of wagers. This results in revenue recognition that corresponds with the value to the customer for the services transferred in the amount that we have the right to invoice. In other arrangements where the end customer is the player, we record revenue net of prize payouts once the wagering outcome has been determined.

Digital and betting services – Digital & Betting

We generate revenue from our iGaming solutions by providing gaming operators a license to offer IGT remote game server games on the operator websites and mobile applications. We typically offer customers a usage-based license under which we receive a fee based on the net gaming revenue derived by the operator attributable to the IGT remote game server games. Revenue is typically recognized when the usage occurs.

We provide sports betting technology and services to commercial and tribal operators and lotteries in regulated markets, primarily in the U.S. In the service contracts to our U.S. licensed sportsbook operators, we host a sports betting platform and a variety of services including installation, configuration and integration services. For customers who want to have an outsourcing model, we also offer trading services with the inclusion of odds setting and risk management. Under these contracts, we generally record a percentage of net sports revenue over the contractual term.

Systems, software, and other – Global Lottery

Our lottery contracts generally include other services, including telephone support, software maintenance, hardware maintenance, and the right to receive unspecified upgrades or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and other professional services including software development. Fees earned for other services are generally recognized as service revenue in the period the service is performed (i.e., over the support period).
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We also develop technology to enable lotteries to offer commercial services over their existing lottery infrastructure or over standalone networks separate from the lottery. Leveraging our distribution network and secure transaction processing, we offer high-volume processing of commercial transactions including prepaid cellular telephone recharges, bill payments, e-vouchers and retail-based programs, electronic tax payments, stamp duty services, prepaid card recharges, and money transfers. These services are primarily offered outside of North America. In most cases, these arrangements are considered to be short in duration. The amount of transaction price that we are typically entitled to is variable based on the number of transactions processed. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our completed performance.

Systems, software, and other – Global Gaming

Our gaming contracts generally include other services, including telephone support, software maintenance, content licensing, royalty fees, hardware maintenance, and the right to receive unspecified updates or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and other professional services. We also generate revenue from other services, including video central system monitoring, system support, and sales or usage-based licensing of intellectual property. Fees earned for other services are generally recognized as service revenue in the period the service is performed (i.e., over the support period).

Upfront License FeesOther Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets, which include indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets, are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.
We periodically make long-term investments in contracts with customers and obtain licenses
Indefinite-lived intangible assets are composed of trademarks for which there is no foreseeable limit of the period over which they are expected to supply products and services to the customers. As consideration, we pay license fees,generate net cash inflows. Definite-lived intangible assets, which are classified asprimarily composed of customer relationships and computer software and game library, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. Estimated useful lives are determined considering the period the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. Amortization of software-related intangibles is included in cost of services and cost of product sales and amortization of other non-currentintangible assets is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated balance sheets. We recognize the amortizationstatement of the license fees as a reduction of service revenue over the estimated economic life of the license term. This method reflects the pattern in which economic benefitsoperations.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill are expected to be realized. The recoverability of each payment is subject to significant estimates about future revenues related to the contracts' future cash flows. We evaluate these assetstested for impairment and update amortization rates on an agreement by agreement basis. The assets are reviewed for impairmentannually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate theirthe carrying amount may not be recoverable. In periods in which payments are madeWe first perform a qualitative assessment to the customer, we classify the payment as a cash outflow from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.


Jackpot Accounting

We incur costs to fund jackpots and accrue jackpot liabilities with every wager on devices connected to a WAP system. Jackpot liabilities are estimated based on the size of the jackpot, the number of WAP units in service, variations and volume of play, and interest rate movements. Jackpots are generally payable to winners immediately, in the case of instant wins, or in equal annual installments over 20 to 26 years. Winners may elect to receive a lump sum payment for the present value of the jackpot discounted at applicable interest rates in lieu of periodic annual installments.

Jackpot liabilities are composed of payments due to previous winners, and amounts due to future winners of jackpots not yet won. Liabilities due to previous winners for periodic payments are carried at the accreted cost of a qualifying U.S. government or agency annuity investment that may be purchased at the time of the jackpot win. If the periodic liability is not initially funded with an annuity investment, it is discounted and accreted using the risk-free rate at the time of the jackpot win.

Liabilities due to future winners are recorded at the present value of the estimated amount of jackpots not yet won. We estimate the present value of these liabilities using current market rates, weighted with historical lump sum payout election ratios. Based on the most recent historical patterns, approximately 85% of winners will elect the lump sum payment option. The current portion of these liabilities are estimated based on historical experience with winner payment elections, in conjunction with the theoretical projected number of jackpots.

Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition, such as bank deposits, money market funds and interest bearing bank accounts with insignificant interest rate risk.

Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents

We are required by gaming regulation to maintain sufficient reserves in restricted cash accounts to be used for the purpose of funding payments to WAP jackpot winners. These restricted cash balances are based primarily on the jackpot meters displayed to slot players or for previously won jackpots and vary by jurisdiction. Under our Italian Lotto contract, we deposit wagers, net of prizes paid and retailer commissions retained by the retailer at point of sale, into bank accounts, the use of which is restricted based on the contract with our customer. Restricted cash is also maintained for interactive online player deposits, collections on factored and serviced receivables not yet paid through to the third-party owner, and for customer funds received in relation to the provision of our commercial services. These amounts are restricted based on the contracts with our customers or local regulations.

Restricted cash equivalents are primarily composed of publicly-traded foreign government and corporate bonds and mutual funds, and are valued using quoted market prices.
Allowance for Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for credit losses for the estimated probable losses on uncollectible trade and customer financing receivables. The allowance is estimated based upon the credit-worthiness of our customers, historical experience and aging analysis, as well as current market and economic conditions. Receivables are written off against these allowances in the period they are determined to be uncollectible.
We determine our allowances for credit losses on customer financing receivables based on two classes: contracts and notes. Contracts include extended payment terms granted to qualifying customers for periods from one to six years and are typically secured by the related products sold. Notes consist of development financing loans granted to select customers to assist in the funding of new or expanding gaming facilities, generally under terms of one to seven years, and are secured by the developed property and/or other customer assets. Customer financing interest income is recognized based on market rates prevailing at issuance.


Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:
Level 1: Valuations based on inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access.
Level 2: Valuations based on inputs other than Level 1 inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3: Valuation based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. A financial instrument’s fair value classification is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant in the fair value measurement hierarchy. Valuation methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value, when Level 1 inputs are not available, are subject to judgments and changes in these factors can materially affect fair value estimates.
For financial assets and financial liabilities that are recognized at fair value on a recurring basis, we determine whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.
The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade and other receivables, other current assets, accounts payable, and other current liabilities approximate fair value due to relatively short periods to maturity.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We use derivative financial instruments for the management of foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. We do not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes. Derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. All derivatives are recorded gross, except netting of foreign exchange contracts and counterparty netting of interest receivable and payable related to interest rate swaps, as applicable. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the nature of the hedge and the hedge effectiveness. Derivative gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged items.

For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income and are subsequently reclassified when the hedged item affects earnings. At that time, the amount is reclassified from other comprehensive income to the same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, changes in fair value are recorded in interest income (expense) and are offset by changes in the fair value of the underlying debt instrument due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.

For derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges, the spot portion of the derivative gain or loss is reported in foreign currency translation within other comprehensive income to offset any gains or losses on translation of the net investment in the subsidiary. All other components of the derivative fair value will be reported in income, as either interest income or interest expense, on an amortized basis.

Derivative instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value with the changes in fair value recorded in foreign exchange gain (loss), net, in the consolidated statements of operations.


Concentrations of Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentration of credit risk consist principally of bank deposits, short and long-term investments, trade receivable, customer financing receivables and foreign currency exchange contracts. Deposits held with banks in the United States may exceed the amount of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance provided on such deposits. Deposits held with banks outside the United States generally do not benefit from FDIC insurance. The majority of our day-to-day banking operations globally are maintained with major, financially sound counterparties with high-grade credit ratings, and we limit our exposure to any one counterparty.

We provide credit to customers in the normal course of business. Credit is extended to new customers based on checks of credit references, credit scores and industry reputation. Credit is extended to existing customers based on prior payment history and demonstrated financial stability. The credit risk associated with trade and customer financing receivables is generally limited due to the large number of customers and their geographic dispersion. We establish an allowance for the estimated uncollectible portion of trade and customer financing receivables. Product sales are generally dispersed among a large number of customers, minimizing the reliance on any particular customer or group of customers.

The counterparties to our foreign currency exchange contracts consist of a number of major financial institutions. In addition to limiting the amount of contracts we enter into with any one party, we monitor the credit quality of the counterparties on an ongoing basis.

We purchase or license many sophisticated components and products from one or a limited number of qualified suppliers. If any of our suppliers were to cancel or materially change contracts or commitments with the Company or fail to meet the quality or delivery requirements needed to satisfy customer orders for our products, we could lose customer orders. We attempt to minimize this risk by finding alternative suppliers or maintaining adequate inventory levels.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (applying the first in, first out method) and net realizable value. Allowances are made for defective, obsolete or excess inventory.

Legal and Other Contingencies

Loss contingency provisions arising from a legal proceeding or claim are recorded for probable and estimable losses at the best estimate of a loss, or when a best estimate cannot be made, at the minimum estimated loss, the determination of which requires significant judgment. If it is reasonably possible but not probable that a liability has been incurred, or if the amount of a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the amount or range of estimated loss is disclosed, if material. We evaluate our provisions for legal contingencies at least quarterly and, as appropriate, establish new provisions or adjust existing provisions to reflect the facts and circumstances known to us at the time, including information regarding negotiations, settlements, rulings and other relevant events and developments; the advice of counsel; and the assumptions and judgment of management. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Tax credits are generally recognized as reductions of income tax provisions in the year in which the credits arise. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or allthe fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying amount and whether the quantitative analysis is necessary. The quantitative analysis compares the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets to their carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the fair value.

Capitalized Software Development Costs
Costs incurred in the development of our externally-sold software products are expensed as incurred, except certain software development costs eligible for capitalization. Software development costs incurred subsequent to establishing technological feasibility and through the general release of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect of a change in income tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enacted or substantively enacted date.

Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the consolidated financial statements is in accordance with accounting authoritative guidance, which prescribes a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination. If the tax position is deemed "more likely than not" to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of the benefit to recognize in the consolidated financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.


We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the provision for taxes line of the consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penaltiessoftware products are included on the related tax liability line in the consolidated balance sheets.

At December 31, 2018, we finalized our policy and have elected to use the period cost method for global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions and therefore have not recorded deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse in future periods.
Business Combinations
We account for acquired subsidiaries using the acquisition method and accordingly, the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquireecapitalized. Capitalized costs are recorded at their acquisition date fair values. The excess of the costs of an acquired subsidiaryamortized over the netproducts’ estimated economic life to cost of the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities incurred or assumed, is capitalized as goodwill. Acquisition and disposition related costs are included in transaction (income) expense, netproduct sales in the consolidated statements of operations. Transaction (income) expense, net is composed

Costs incurred during the application development phase of transaction costs on significant business combinationssoftware for services provided to customers are capitalized as internal-use software and gains and losses incurred on disposalsamortized over the useful life to cost of group entities or businesses. The results of operations of acquired subsidiaries are includedservices in the consolidated financial statements fromof operations. Costs incurred during the date control is obtained.
Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excessapplication development of the costs of an acquisition, including the fair value of any contingent consideration,software for internal use, and not for use in services provided to customers, are capitalized and amortized over the fair valueuseful life to selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities incurred or assumed of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. The primary drivers that generate goodwill are the value of synergies between the acquired subsidiary and the Company and the acquired assembled workforce, neither of which qualifies as a separately identifiable intangible asset. Goodwill is stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses.operations.


Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets, which include indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets, are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, and include indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets.losses.


Indefinite-lived intangible assets are composed of trademarks for which there is no foreseeable limit of the period over which they are expected to generate net cash inflows. Definite-lived intangible assets, which are primarily composed of customer relationships and computer software and game library, licenses, and developed technologies, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives. Estimated useful lives are determined considering the period the assets are expected to contribute to future cash flows. Amortization of software-related intangibles is included in cost of services and cost of product sales and amortization of other intangible assets is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations.


The estimated economic lives of our definite-lived intangible assets are as follows:
Category
Estimated economic life
Networks
7 years
Sports and horse racing betting rights
7 years
Computer software and game library
3 - 14 years
Licenses
3 - 15 years
Trademarks
3 - 20 years
Developed technologies
5 - 14 years
Customer relationships
7 - 20 years
Other
3 - 17 years


Systems, Equipment and Other Assets Related to Contracts, Net and Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

We have two categories of fixed assets: systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts ("Systems & Equipment"); and property, plant and equipment ("PPE").
Systems & Equipment are assets that primarily support our operating contracts and facilities management contracts (collectively, the "Contracts") and are principally composed of lottery and gaming assets. PPE are assets we use internally, primarily in manufacturing, selling, general and administration, research and development ("R&D"), and commercial service applications not associated with Contracts.

Systems & Equipment and PPE are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss, if any. Depreciation commences when the asset is placed in service and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Repair and maintenance costs, including planned maintenance, are expensed as incurred.

The estimated useful lives for Systems & Equipment depends on the type of cost as follows:

Lottery costs (such as terminals, mainframe computers, communications equipment, and software development costs); and
Commercial gaming machines.

Lottery costs are typically depreciated over their estimated useful lives, generally not to exceed 10 years, and commercial gaming machines over three to five years.

The estimated useful lives for PPE is 40 years for buildings and five to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life. 

Evaluation of Long-Lived Assets for Impairment

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. In 2018, we changed our goodwill impairment testing date from November 1 to December 31 to better align with the timing and completion of our forecasting process. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is one level below or the same level as an operating segment.

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment using either a qualitative assessment or a quantitative one-step process. The goodwill impairment test compares the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In performing the goodwill impairment test, we estimate the fair value of the reporting units using an income approach that analyzes projected discounted cash flows.

Other indefinite-livedIndefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill are tested for impairment annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than their carrying amount and whether the quantitative analysis is necessary. The quantitative analysis compares the fair value of indefinite-lived intangible assets to their carrying amount and an impairment loss is recognized when the carrying amount exceeds the fair value.

Long-lived assets, other than goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of those assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized only if the carrying amount is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted forecasted cash flows resulting from the use and eventual disposition of such asset. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

Research and Development Costs
R&D costs, which include salaries and benefits, stock-based compensation, consultants' fees, facilities-related costs, material costs, depreciation and travel, are expensed as incurred.



Capitalized Software Development Costs
Costs incurred in the development of our externally-sold software products are expensed as incurred, except certain software development costs eligible for capitalization. Material softwareSoftware development costs incurred subsequent to establishing technological feasibility and through the general release of the software products are capitalized. Technological feasibility is demonstrated by the completion of a detailed program design or working model, if no program design is completed. Capitalized costs are amortized over the products’ estimated economic life to cost of product sales in the consolidated statementstatements of operations.


Costs incurred induring the application development phase of software to be used only for services provided to customers are capitalized as internal-use software and amortized over the useful life to cost of services.services in the consolidated statements of operations. Costs incurred induring the application development of software to be used only for internal use, and not for use in services provided to customers, are capitalized as internal-use software and amortized over the useful life to selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statementstatements of operations.


Stock-Based CompensationUpfront License Fees
We periodically make long-term investments in contracts with customers and obtain licenses to supply products and services to our customers. As consideration, we pay license fees, which are classified as other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. We recognize the amortization of the license fees as a reduction of service revenue over the estimated economic life of the license term. This method reflects the pattern in which economic benefits are expected to be realized. The recoverability of each payment is subject to significant estimates about future revenues related to the contracts’ future cash flows. We evaluate these assets for impairment and update amortization rates on an agreement by agreement basis. The assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable. In periods in which payments are made to the customer, we classify the payment as a cash outflow from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
Stock-based compensation represents
Jackpot Accounting
We incur costs to fund jackpots and accrue jackpot liabilities with every wager on devices connected to a WAP system. Jackpot liabilities are estimated based on the size of the jackpot, the number of WAP units in service, variations and volume of play, and interest rate movements. Jackpots are generally payable to winners immediately, in the case of instant wins, or in equal annual installments over 19 to 25 years. Winners may elect to receive a lump sum payment for the present value of the jackpot discounted at applicable interest rates in lieu of periodic annual installments.
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Jackpot liabilities are composed of payments due to previous winners, and amounts due to future winners of jackpots not yet won. Liabilities due to previous winners for periodic payments are carried at the accreted cost of a qualifying U.S. government or agency annuity investment that may be purchased at the time of the jackpot win. If the periodic liability is not initially funded with an annuity investment, it is discounted and accreted using the risk-free rate at the time of the jackpot win.

Liabilities due to future winners are recorded at the present value of the estimated amount of jackpots not yet won. We estimate the present value of these liabilities using current market rates, weighted with historical lump sum payout election ratios. Based on the most recent historical patterns, approximately 95% of winners will elect the lump sum payment option. The current portion of these liabilities are estimated based on historical experience with winner payment elections, in conjunction with the theoretical projected number of jackpots.

Legal and Other Contingencies
Loss contingency provisions arising from a legal proceeding or claim are recorded for probable and estimable losses at the best estimate of a loss, or when a best estimate cannot be made, at the minimum estimated loss, the determination of which requires significant judgment. If it is reasonably possible but not probable that a liability has been incurred, or if the amount of a probable loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the amount or range of estimated loss is disclosed, if material. We evaluate our provisions for legal contingencies at least quarterly and, as appropriate, establish new provisions or adjust existing provisions to reflect the facts and circumstances known to us at the time, including information regarding negotiations, settlements, rulings, and other relevant events and developments, the advice of counsel, and the assumptions and judgment of management. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

Treasury Stock
We account for treasury stock acquisitions using the cost method. We account for the retirement of treasury stock by deducting its par value from common stock and reflecting any excess of cost over par value as a deduction from additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheets.

Fair Value Measurements
We account for certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Financial assets and liabilities are categorized, based on the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to the use of observable inputs and the lowest priority to the use of unobservable inputs. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. These levels are as follows:
Level 1 - inputs are based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets
Level 2 - inputs are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant inputs are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the instruments
Level 3 - inputs are unobservable and typically reflect management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability 

Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative financial instruments for the management of foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. We do not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes. Derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. All derivatives are recorded gross, except netting of foreign exchange contracts and counterparty netting of interest receivable and payable related to stock-based awards grantedinterest rate swaps, as applicable. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the nature of the hedge and the hedge effectiveness. Derivative gains and losses are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged items.

For derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified when the hedged item affects earnings. At that time, the amount is reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) to directorsthe same income statement line as the earnings effect of the hedged item.

For derivative instruments designated as fair value hedges, changes in fair value are recorded in interest expense and employees. Stock-based compensation costare offset by changes in the fair value of the underlying debt instrument due to changes in the benchmark interest rate. In the event the
F-16

derivative instruments are subsequently de-designated as hedges, the change in fair value is measuredrecognized in interest expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations with no corresponding offset to debt.
For derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges, the spot portion of the derivative gain or loss is reported in foreign currency translation within other comprehensive income (loss) to offset any gains or losses on translation of the net investment in the subsidiary until the net investment is sold or liquidated, at which point the grantamounts are reclassified to earnings. All other components of the derivative fair value will be reported as either interest income or interest expense, on an amortized basis.

Derivative instruments not designated as hedges are recognized in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value with the changes in fair value recorded in foreign exchange (gain) loss, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Leases
We determine whether a contract is or contains a lease at inception. As a lessee, we recognize right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the lease commencement date based on the estimated fairpresent value of the award and recognized as expense, net of estimated forfeitures,lease payments over the vesting period.lease term. ROU assets also include any upfront lease payments or initial direct costs and are adjusted for lease incentives received.

We consider renewal and termination options, including whether they are reasonably certain to be exercised, in determining the lease term and establishing the ROU assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets and lease liabilities are calculated using our incremental borrowing rate, which is based on the lease currency and length of the lease, unless the implicit rate is determinable.

Most of our lease contracts contain both lease and non-lease components. As a lessee, we combine lease and non-lease components into a single lease component for all classes of underlying assets except certain communication equipment. For awards that contain only a service vesting feature, compensation costcertain communication equipment, we allocate the consideration between lease and non-lease components based on relative standalone price. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the awards’ vesting period. For awards with a performance condition, when achievementlease term.

Variable lease payments are generally expensed as incurred except for certain rent payments that depend on an index, which are included in lease payments using the index rate in effect as of the performance condition is deemed probable, compensation cost islease commencement date.

Short-term leases, which are leases with an initial term of 12 months or less with no purchase options that are reasonably certain of exercise, are not recognized on the balance sheet. The rental payments are recognized as lease expense on a graded-vestingstraight-line basis over the awards’ expected vesting period.lease term.


AdvertisingCertain of our long term lottery and commercial gaming service arrangements include leases for equipment installed at customer locations. As the lessor, we combine lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets in arrangements that involve operating leases. The single combined component is accounted for under ASC 842, Leases, or ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), depending on which component is the predominant component in the arrangement. If a component cannot be combined, the consideration is allocated between the lease component and the non-lease component based on relative standalone selling price.

Advertising costsIncome Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $61.5 million, $111.9 million and $151.6 millionrecognized for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and 2016, respectively.liabilities are determined based on the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts using the enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Tax credits are generally recognized as reductions of income tax provisions in the year in which the credits arise. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect of a change in income tax rates is recognized as income or expense in the period that includes the enacted or substantively enacted date.


Accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the consolidated financial statements is in accordance with accounting authoritative guidance, which prescribes a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination. If the tax position is deemed “more likely than not” to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of the benefit to recognize in the consolidated financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.

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We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties are included within other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

We use the period cost method for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions and therefore have not recorded deferred taxes for basis differences expected to reverse in future periods.

Foreign Currency Translation
The financial statements of subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars, with the resulting translation adjustments recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) within shareholders’ equity. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, while income and expense items are translated using the average exchange rates during the period.

New Accounting Standards - Recently Adopted

In October 2018,July 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging2021-05, Leases (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes842) - Lessors - Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”). This guidance isupdate requires sales-type or direct financing leases with variable payments that do not depend on a rate or an index and would have otherwise resulted in a day-one loss at lease commencement, to be classified as operating leases. The amendments in ASU 2021-05 are effective uponfor annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments can be applied retrospectively to leases that commenced or were modified on or after adoption of ASU No. 2017-12 which we early adopted in the fourth quarter of 2018 and is applied on a prospective basis for qualifying newASC 842, Leases, or redesignated hedging relationships entered intoprospectively to leases that commence or are modified on or after the adoption date.date of adoption. We adopted ASU 2021-05 as of October 1, 2021 and applied the provisions prospectively to leases that commenced or were modified on or after October 1, 2021. The adoption did not impact our hedging relationships and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.


In August 2018,2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles2020-06, Debt - GoodwillDebt with Conversion and otherOther Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Internal-use softwareContracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”). This update simplifies the convertible debt accounting framework by reducing the number of accounting models used to account for Implementation Costs Incurredconvertible debt and preferred stock instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract ("ASU 2018-15"), which allowsan entity's own equity that are currently accounted for capitalizationas derivatives because of implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract. The capitalized costs are then expensed overspecific settlement provisions. In addition, the term ofnew guidance modifies the hosting arrangement.diluted earnings per share calculations for convertible debt instruments. We adopted ASU 2018-152020-06 as of January 1, 2021 using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and had no effect on earnings per share information in the third quarterperiod of 2018adoption.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”). This update provides, among other things, simplifications for accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions. We adopted ASU 2019-12 as of January 1, 2021 and applied it prospectively. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.


In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2018-03"), which provides clarity regarding measurement, presentation, and disclosure of equity securities, options, and forward contracts. We adopted ASU 2018-03 in the third quarter of 2018 and applied it prospectively. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2018-02"), which permits entities to reclassify tax effects stranded in AOCI as a result of tax reform to retained earnings. Companies that elect to reclassify these amounts must reclassify stranded tax effects for all items accounted for in AOCI. We adopted ASU 2018-02 in the first quarter of 2018 and applied it prospectively. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities ("ASU 2017-12"), which expands and refines hedge accounting for both financial and non-financial risk components and aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. ASU 2017-12 was adopted in the fourth quarter of 2018. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. The amended presentation and disclosure guidance was applied prospectively as required, therefore, no changes were made to our prior year consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business ("ASU 2017-01"), which clarifies the definition of a business in order to allow for the evaluation of whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions or disposals of assets or businesses. ASU 2017-01 was adopted in the first quarter of 2018 and did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash ("ASU 2016-18"), which requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. As a result, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows.

We adopted ASU 2016-18 in the first quarter of 2018 on a retrospective basis with the following impacts to our consolidated statements of cash flows ($ thousands):
For the year ended
December 31, 2017
 Under Prior
Accounting
 Restricted Cash Adjustment As Adjusted
Other assets and liabilities (118,923) (22,540) (141,463)
Net cash provided by operating activities 685,928
 (22,540) 663,388
       
Other 5,435
 (3,099) 2,336
Net cash provided by investing activities 298,665
 (3,099) 295,566
       
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents 737,621
 (25,639) 711,982
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents 25,703
 26,429
 52,132
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 294,094
 247,222
 541,316
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 1,057,418
 248,012
 1,305,430

For the year ended
December 31, 2016
 Under Prior
Accounting
 Restricted Cash Adjustment As Adjusted
Accounts payable (22,855) 59,917
 37,062
Other assets and liabilities (21,736) (3,195) (24,931)
Net cash provided by operating activities 281,332
 56,722
 338,054
       
Other 40,160
 (23,456) 16,704
Net cash used in investing activities (315,985) (23,456) (339,441)
       
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents (346,792) 33,266
 (313,526)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents 13,402
 (3,748) 9,654
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period (1)
 627,484
 217,704
 845,188
Cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 294,094
 247,222
 541,316
(1) In connection with the adoption of ASU 2016-18, the Company corrected its balance sheet as of January 1, 2016 to include an additional $48.6 million in restricted cash and cash equivalents which had previously been offset against current liabilities of the same amounts. Accordingly, the revised restricted cash and cash equivalents balance as of January 1, 2016 is $217.7 million which is included in the cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period in the schedule above as well as in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfer of Assets Other Than Inventory ("ASU 2016-16"), which eliminates the deferral of the tax effects of intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory. As a result, the income tax consequences from the intra-entity asset transfers other than inventory and associated changes to deferred

taxes will be recognized when the transfer occurs. We adopted ASU 2016-16 in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments ("ASU 2016-15"), which reduces diversity in practice in financial reporting by clarifying certain existing principles in the statements of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 was adopted in the first quarter of 2018 and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"), which makes improvements specifically around recognition and measurement of financial assets and liabilities. ASU 2016-01 was adopted in the first quarter of 2018 and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASC 606. The amended guidance, combined with all subsequent amendments, outlines a single comprehensive revenue model in accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. ASC 606 supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP, including industry-specific guidance, and replaces it with a five-step revenue model with a core principle to recognize revenue when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. Under ASC 606, more judgment and estimates are required within the revenue recognition process than required under prior GAAP, including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price, and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation.

We adopted ASC 606 in the first quarter of 2018 using a modified retrospective application approach which was applied to customer contracts, in their modified state, that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue recognition standard as an adjustment to beginning retained deficit.

On January 1, 2018, we recorded a pre-tax transition adjustment within retained deficit of $61.2 million ($50.9 million after tax) in our consolidated financial statements, primarily due to multi-year licenses, LMA incentives, and lottery machines wherein control transferred in advance of delivery. ASC 606 resulted in the reclassification of our jackpot expense from cost of services to a reduction of service revenue in our consolidated statements of operations. We did not experience significant changes to our business practices and systems to support the adoption of ASC 606. See Note 3, Revenue Recognition, for additional information on the adoption of ASC 606.

New Accounting Standards - Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018,October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 820)805): ChangesAccounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021-08”). The amendments create an exception to the Disclosure Requirementsgeneral recognition and measurement principal in ASC 805, Business Combinations to measure assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination at fair value. Instead, an acquirer in a business combination will be required to apply ASC 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities that result from contracts accounted for Fair Value Measurement ("under ASC 606 on the acquisition date and will generally result in the acquirer recognizing amounts consistent with those recorded by the acquiree immediately before the acquisition date. ASU 2018-13"), which provides guidance around disclosure requirements for fair value measurement of investments. ASU 2018-132021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019,2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt ASU 2018-13 upon the effective date and are currently evaluating the timing and impact of adoption.adopting this guidance.


In June 2016,March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) - Credit Losses (Topic 326): MeasurementFacilitation of Credit Lossesthe Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Instruments Reporting ("ASU 2016-13"2020-04”), which replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current. This update provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. For tradecontracts, hedging relationships, and other receivables, loans and other financial instruments, we will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses thattransactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are probable. ASU 2016-13 will be effective beginningmet. In January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted beginning January 1, 2018. Application of ASU 2016-13 is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. We are currently evaluating the impact and timing of adopting this guidance.

In February 2016,2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 842) ("848) - Scope (“ASU 2016-02"2021-01”) to increase transparencyclarify that ASU 2020-04 may apply to certain derivative contracts and comparability among organizationshedging relationships affected by recognizing lease assetschanges in the interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment in connection with reference rate reform activities. The
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amendments in ASU 2020-04 and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. In 2017 and 2018, the FASB amended ASU 2016-02. ASU 2016-02 and related amendments (collectively "ASC 842")2021-01 are effective forupon issuance through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating these optional elections and the Company as of January 1, 2019. The Company will adopt ASC 842 using the optional transition method which will result in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings on January 1, 2019. Additionally, we have elected to apply the package of practical expedientstiming and to use hindsight in determining the lease term and assessing impairment.


As a lessee of real estate globally, we expect the adoption of ASC 842 to have a significant impact on the consolidated balance sheet due to the recognition of right of use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities for existing operating leases. As a lessee, we will record a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for substantially all leases with initial lease terms longer than 12 months. There will not be a significant change to our consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, cash flows, or liquidity.

While lessor accounting is largely unchanged under ASC 842, certain of our lottery and gaming arrangements may include leases for implicitly or explicitly identified equipment installed at customer locations as part of our long-term technology service contracts. In these arrangements, we are typically compensated based on a percentage of sales or other forms of variable payment. While most of these leases will be classified as operating leases, certain of these are leases that could be classified as sales-type financing leases either at inception or upon modification of existing contracts in future periods. After electing the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components as the lessor for an operating lease, most contracts will fall under the guidance of ASC 606 because the predominant component of a technology service contract is for non-lease components.

We will continue to assess the anticipated impact of adopting this guidance on ongoing business policies and processes.guidance.


We do not currently expect that any other recently issued accounting guidance will have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements.




3.Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale

On December 7, 2020, the Parent announced that its wholly-owned subsidiary, IGT Lottery S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.), had entered into a definitive agreement to sell 100 percent of the share capital of Lottomatica Videolot Rete S.p.A. and Lottomatica Scommesse S.r.l., the members of the IGT group which conducted its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses to Gamenet Group S.p.A. for a cash sale price of €950 million (€725 million of which was paid at closing, €100 million of which was paid on August 5, 2021, and the remaining €125 million of which is payable on September 30, 2022).

On May 10, 2021, the Company completed the sale and used the funds received at closing to pay transaction expenses and partially fund the May 20, 2021 full redemption of the 4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2023 through the exercise of the make-whole call option. The consideration received, net of $139 million of cash and restricted cash transferred, was $1.0 billion and resulted in a pre-tax gain on sale of $396 million ($391 million net of tax).

Summarized financial information for discontinued operations is shown below:

For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Total revenue74 429 778 
Operating income (1)
24 51 159 
Income from discontinued operations before provision for (benefit from) income taxes23 43 157 
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes on discontinued operations(1)42 
Gain on sale of discontinued operations before provision for income taxes396 — — 
Provision for income taxes on sale of discontinued operations— — 
Income from discontinued operations415 37 114 
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests from discontinued operations(2)(5)
Income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC417 41 110 
(1) Includes depreciation and amortization of $95 million and $100 million for the years ended 2020 and 2019, respectively. There was no depreciation and amortization in 2021.

The Company has continuing involvement with the businesses via a transition services agreement (“TSA”). As part of the TSA, the Company provides various telecommunications, information technology, and back-office services for which the Company will continue to receive compensation. These services generally expire after no more than three years.

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The following represents the major classes of assets and liabilities held for sale as part of our discontinued operations:
3.Revenue RecognitionDecember 31,
($ in millions)2020
Assets:
Trade and other receivables, net62 
Other current assets58 
Systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, net86 
Goodwill520 
Intangible assets, net55 
Other non-current assets52 
Assets held for sale833 
Liabilities:
Accounts payable63 
Other current liabilities164 
Other non-current liabilities23 
Liabilities held for sale250 

The Company allocated $520 million of goodwill to discontinued operations using a relative fair value approach. Prior to the allocation to discontinued operations, the goodwill was included within our Global Gaming segment.
At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were $4 million and $5 million, respectively, of other disposal groups that meet the requirements to be classified as held for sale included in assets held for sale in our consolidated balance sheets.

4.    Revenue Recognition

Disaggregation of Revenue


The following table summarizes customer contracttables summarize revenue disaggregated by reportablebusiness segment and the source of the revenue for the yearyears ended December 31, 2018:2021, 2020, and 2019:
For the year ended December 31, 2021
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts2,363 — — 2,363 
Gaming terminal services— 424 — 424 
Digital and betting services— — 163 163 
Systems, software, and other327 206 — 534 
Service revenue2,690 630 163 3,483 
Lottery products123 — — 123 
Gaming terminals— 339 — 339 
Other— 143 144 
Product sales123 482 606 
Total revenue2,812 1,112 165 4,089 
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  For the year ended December 31, 2018
($ thousands) North America Gaming and Interactive North America Lottery International Italy Other Total
Operating and Facilities Management Contracts 
 828,641
 282,864
 793,315
 
 1,904,820
Lottery Management Agreements 
 129,104
 
 
 
 129,104
Machine gaming 420,447
 99,679
 53,586
 672,200
 
 1,245,912
Other services 204,029
 53,645
 159,047
 349,034
 723
 766,478
Service revenue 624,476
 1,111,069
 495,497
 1,814,549
 723
 4,046,314
             
Lottery machines 
 80,405
 20,246
 
 
 100,651
Gaming machines 261,696
 
 193,092
 
 
 454,788
Systems and other 116,997
 428
 111,148
 930
 
 229,503
Product sales 378,693
 80,833
 324,486
 930
 
 784,942
Total revenue 1,003,169
 1,191,902
 819,983
 1,815,479
 723
 4,831,256


For the year ended December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts1,744 — — 1,744 
Gaming terminal services— 298 — 298 
Digital and betting services— — 114 114 
Systems, software, and other299 186 — 484 
Service revenue2,043 483 114 2,640 
Lottery products121 — — 121 
Gaming terminals— 205 — 205 
Other— 148 149 
Product sales121 354 476 
Total revenue2,164 837 115 3,115 

For the year ended December 31, 2019
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingTotal
Operating and facilities management contracts1,931 — — 1,931 
Gaming terminal services— 568 — 568 
Digital and betting services— — 76 76 
Systems, software, and other252 274 — 527 
Service revenue2,183 842 76 3,101 
Lottery products110 — — 110 
Gaming terminals— 581 — 581 
Other— 225 15 240 
Product sales110 806 15 931 
Total revenue2,293 1,648 91 4,032 

Sources of Revenue

Service Revenue

Service revenue is derived from the following sources:

Operating and facilities management contracts;
Gaming terminal services;
Digital and betting services; and
Systems, software, and other

Operating and Facilities Management Contracts – Global Lottery

Our revenue from operating contracts is derived primarily from long-term exclusive operating licenses in Italy. Under operating contracts, we manage all the activities along the lottery value chain including collecting wagers, paying out prizes, managing all accounting and other back-office functions, running advertising and promotions, operating data transmission networks and processing centers, training staff, providing retailers with assistance, and supplying materials for the game. In most cases, the arrangement is accounted for as a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service).

Under operating contracts, we typically satisfy the performance obligation and recognize revenue over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as we perform the services. The amount of consideration
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to which we are typically entitled is variable based on a percentage of sales. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our performance completed to date. In arrangements where we are performing services on behalf of the government and the government is considered our customer, revenue is recognized net of prize payments, taxes, retailer commissions, and remittances to state authorities. Under operating contracts, we are generally required to pay an upfront license fee. Refer to the Upfront License Fees policy above for further details.

Our revenue from facilities management contracts (“FMC”) is generated by assembling, installing, and operating the online lottery system and related point-of-sale equipment. Under a typical FMC, we maintain ownership of the technology and are responsible for capital investments throughout the duration of the contract. FMCs typically include a wide range of support services that are provided throughout the contract and are part of the integrated solution that the customer has contracted to obtain. In most cases, the arrangement is accounted for as a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer. Under FMCs, we typically satisfy the performance obligation and recognize revenue over time because the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided as we perform the services. The amount of transaction price to which we are entitled is typically variable based on a percentage of sales, although under certain of its agreements, the Company receives fees based on a fixed fee arrangement. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer, as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our completed performance.

Gaming terminal services – Global Gaming

Our revenue from gaming terminal services is generated by providing customers with proprietary land-based gaming systems and equipment under a variety of recurring revenue or lease arrangements, including a percentage of amounts wagered, a percentage of net win, or a fixed daily/monthly fee.

Included in gaming terminal services are wide area progressive (“WAP”) systems. WAP systems consist of linked slot machines located in multiple casino properties, connected to a central computer system. WAP systems include a Company-sponsored progressive jackpot that increases with every wager until a player wins the top award combination. Casinos with WAP machines pay a percentage of amounts wagered for services related to the design, assembly, installation, operation, maintenance, and marketing of the WAP systems, as well as funding and administration of Company-sponsored progressive jackpots. A portion of the total fee collected is allocated to the WAP jackpot. Since the jackpot is a payment to the customer, the portion allocated to the jackpot is classified as a reduction of revenue.

In some arrangements, there is a single performance obligation composed of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and that have the same pattern of transfer (i.e., distinct days of service). The amount of transaction price to which we are entitled typically is variable based on a percentage of wagers. This results in revenue recognition that corresponds with the value to the customer for the services transferred in the amount that we have the right to invoice. In other arrangements where the end customer is the player, we record revenue net of prize payouts once the wagering outcome has been determined.

Digital and betting services – Digital & Betting

We generate revenue from our iGaming solutions by providing gaming operators a license to offer IGT remote game server games on the operator websites and mobile applications. We typically offer customers a usage-based license under which we receive a fee based on the net gaming revenue derived by the operator attributable to the IGT remote game server games. Revenue is typically recognized when the usage occurs.

We provide sports betting technology and services to commercial and tribal operators and lotteries in regulated markets, primarily in the U.S. In the service contracts to our U.S. licensed sportsbook operators, we host a sports betting platform and a variety of services including installation, configuration and integration services. For customers who want to have an outsourcing model, we also offer trading services with the inclusion of odds setting and risk management. Under these contracts, we generally record a percentage of net sports revenue over the contractual term.

Systems, software, and other – Global Lottery

Our lottery contracts generally include other services, including telephone support, software maintenance, hardware maintenance, and the right to receive unspecified upgrades or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and other professional services including software development. Fees earned for other services are generally recognized as service revenue in the period the service is performed (i.e., over the support period).
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We also develop technology to enable lotteries to offer commercial services over their existing lottery infrastructure or over standalone networks separate from the lottery. Leveraging our distribution network and secure transaction processing, we offer high-volume processing of commercial transactions including prepaid cellular telephone recharges, bill payments, e-vouchers and retail-based programs, electronic tax payments, stamp duty services, prepaid card recharges, and money transfers. These services are primarily offered outside of North America. In most cases, these arrangements are considered to be short in duration. The amount of transaction price that we are typically entitled to is variable based on the number of transactions processed. Revenue is typically recognized in the amount that we have the right to invoice the customer as this corresponds directly with the value to the customer of our completed performance.

Systems, software, and other – Global Gaming

Our gaming contracts generally include other services, including telephone support, software maintenance, content licensing, royalty fees, hardware maintenance, and the right to receive unspecified updates or enhancements on a when-and-if-available basis, and other professional services. We also generate revenue from other services, including video central system monitoring, system support, and sales or usage-based licensing of intellectual property. Fees earned for other services are generally recognized as service revenue in the period the service is performed (i.e., over the support period).

Product Sales
Product sales are derived from the following sources:

Lottery products;
Gaming terminals; and
Other

Lottery products – Global Lottery

Lottery products revenue primarily includes the sale of lottery equipment, lottery systems and printed products.

Our revenue from the sale or sales-type lease of lottery systems and equipment typically includes multiple performance obligations, where we assemble, sell, deliver, and install a turnkey system (inclusive of point-of-sale terminals, if applicable) or deliver equipment and license the computer software for a fixed price, and the customer subsequently operates the system or equipment. Our credit terms are predominantly short-term in nature. We also grant extended payment terms under contracts where the sale is typically secured by the related equipment sold. Revenue from the sale of lottery systems and equipment is recognized based upon the contractual terms of each arrangement. These arrangements generally include customer acceptance provisions and general rights to terminate the contract if we are in breach of the contract or at the convenience of the customer. In these arrangements, the performance obligation is satisfied over time if the customer controls the asset as it is created (i.e., when the asset is built at the customer site) or if our performance does not create an asset with an alternative use and we have an enforceable right to payment plus a reasonable profit for performance completed to date. If revenue is not recognized over time, it is generally recognized upon transfer of physical possession of the goods or the satisfaction of customer acceptance provisions. If the transaction includes multiple performance obligations, it is accounted for under arrangements with multiple performance obligations, discussed below.

Our other lottery product sales are primarily derived from the production and sales of instant ticket games under multi-year contracts. In these arrangements, the performance obligation is generally satisfied at a point in time (i.e., upon transfer of control of the game tickets to the customer) based on the contractual terms of each arrangement.

Gaming terminals – Global Gaming

Our revenue from the sale or sales-type lease of gaming terminals includes embedded game content, machine related equipment, licensing and royalty fees, and component parts. Our credit terms are predominantly short-term in nature. We also grant extended payment terms under contracts where the sale is typically secured by the related equipment sold. Revenue from the sale of gaming machines is recognized based upon the contractual terms of each arrangement, but predominantly upon transfer of physical possession of the goods or the lapse of customer acceptance provisions. If the sale of gaming machines includes multiple performance obligations, these arrangements are accounted for under arrangements with multiple performance obligations, discussed below.

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Other – Global Gaming

Other gaming product revenue is primarily comprised of gaming system sales, content licensing, perpetual or long-term software licenses, non-machine related equipment and component parts (including game themes and electronic conversion kits). Our revenue from the sale of gaming systems typically includes multiple performance obligations, where we sell, deliver, and install a turnkey system or deliver equipment and license the computer software for a fixed price, and the customer subsequently operates the system. These arrangements generally include customer acceptance provisions and general rights to terminate the contract if we are in breach of the contract. Such arrangements include hardware, software, and professional services. In these arrangements, the performance obligation is generally satisfied upon transfer of physical possession of the goods or the satisfaction of customer acceptance provisions.

Other – Digital & Betting

Other digital and betting product revenue is primarily comprised of perpetual software licenses, the sale of equipment, and component parts.

Contract Balances

Information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities subject to ASC 606 is as follows: 
($ in millions)($ in millions) December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020Balance Sheet Classification
($ thousands) December 31, 2018 
January 1, 2018
(As Adjusted)
 Balance Sheet Classification
Receivables, net 949,085
 938,958
 Trade and other receivables, net
     
Contract assets:     Contract assets: 
Current 58,739
 27,903
 Other current assetsCurrent49 53 Other current assets
Non-current 69,691
 43,511
 Other non-current assetsNon-current69 75 Other non-current assets
 128,430
 71,414
 118 128 
      
Contract liabilities:     Contract liabilities: 
Current (72,005) (62,847) Other current liabilitiesCurrent(104)(108)Other current liabilities
Non-current (67,022) (51,848) Other non-current liabilitiesNon-current(47)(62)Other non-current liabilities
 (139,027) (114,695) (151)(170)
 
The amount of revenue recognized during the yearyears ended December 31, 20182021, 2020, and 2019 that was included in the contract liabilities balance at January 1, 2018the beginning of each period was $44.5 million.$107 million, $56 million, and$51 million, respectively.


Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations
Estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to remaining performance obligations includes estimates of variable consideration, except when the variable consideration is a sales-based or usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property, the original duration of the contract is one year or less, or we apply the right to invoice practical expedient. Remaining performance obligation estimates are subject to change and are affected by several factors, including terminations, changes in the scope of contracts, periodic revalidations, adjustment for revenue that has not materialized and adjustments for currency.


At December 31, 2018,2021, the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts expected to be greater than one year, or contractsperformance obligations for which we do not have a right to consideration from the customer in the amount that corresponds to the value to the customer for

our performance completed to date, werevariable consideration which is not accounted for in accordance with the sales-based or usage-based royalties guidance, or contracts which are not wholly unperformed, is approximately 3% of our annual$1.1 billion. Of this amount, we expect to recognize as revenue for 2018, of which approximately 25% is expected to be satisfied28% within one yearthe next 12 months, approximately 34% between 13 and 36 months, approximately 22% between 37 and 60 months, and the remainder is expected to be satisfied over the subsequent seven years.

Reconciliation of ASC 606 to Prior Accounting Standards

The following table summarizes the impacts of adopting ASC 606 to our consolidated statement of operations for the year endedremaining balance through December 31, 2018:2031.

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  For the year ended December 31, 2018
($ thousands, except per share amounts) Under Prior
Accounting
 Revenue Recognition
Adjustment
 As Adjusted
Revenue 4,896,300
 (65,044) 4,831,256
Operating expenses (4,264,321) 80,056
 (4,184,265)
Provision for income taxes (187,897) (1,504) (189,401)
Net income attributable to IGT PLC (34,858) 13,508
 (21,350)
       
Net income attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic (0.17) 0.07
 (0.10)
Net income attributable to IGT PLC per common share - diluted (0.17) 0.07
 (0.10)


  December 31, 2018
($ thousands) Under Prior
Accounting
 Revenue Recognition
Adjustment
 As Adjusted
Trade and other receivables, net 943,935
 5,150
 949,085
Inventories, net 298,234
 (15,536) 282,698
Other current assets 446,285
 57,776
 504,061
Other non-current assets 2,081,115
 27,849
 2,108,964
       
Other current liabilities 802,589
 14,133
 816,722
Other non-current liabilities 448,757
 (3,312) 445,445
Retained deficit (1,072,611) 64,418
 (1,008,193)
5.    Trade and Other Receivables, net

The following table summarizes the impacts of adopting ASC 606 to our consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2018:
  For the year ended December 31, 2018
($ thousands) Under Prior
Accounting
 Revenue Recognition
Adjustment
 As Adjusted
Net income (loss) 101,102
 13,545
 114,647
Trade and other receivables (50,310) (4,046) (54,356)
Inventories 18,429
 (5,873) 12,556
Other assets and liabilities (128,314) (3,626) (131,940)
Net cash provided by operating activities 29,626
 
 29,626



4.Dispositions
Sale of Double Down Interactive LLC

On June 1, 2017, we sold Double Down Interactive LLC ("DoubleDown") to DoubleU Games Co., Ltd. Details of the transaction are summarized in the table below. 
($ thousands)For the year ended
December 31, 2017
Cash proceeds825,751
Less: Cash divested(1,963)
Net cash proceeds823,788
Net book value(772,440)
Gain on sale51,348
Selling costs(24,116)
Gain on sale, net of selling costs27,232

The $27.2 million gain on sale of DoubleDown, net of selling costs, is classified within transaction expense (income), net on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.

5.Trade and Other Receivables, net

Trade and other receivables net are recorded at cost.amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses, and represent a contractual right to receive money on demand or on fixed or determinable dates that are typically short-term with payment due within 90 days or less.
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
Gross 1,008,509
 991,177
Allowance for credit losses (59,424) (53,323)
Net 949,085
 937,854
 December 31,
($ in millions)20212020
Trade and other receivables, gross917 862 
Allowance for credit losses(15)(16)
Trade and other receivables, net903 846 
 
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses:
 December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Balance at beginning of year(16)(22)(29)
(Provisions) recoveries, net(2)(6)
Amounts written off as uncollectible10 
Other (1)
— — 
Balance at end of year(15)(16)(22)
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Balance at beginning of year (53,323) (58,884) (76,137)
Provisions, net (10,800) (12,255) (13,594)
Amounts written off as uncollectible 2,222
 17,826
 29,289
Foreign currency translation 2,869
 (5,885) 1,558
Other (392) 5,875
 
Balance at end of year (59,424) (53,323) (58,884)
(1) Includes the effect of the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments and subsequent amendments (“ASC 326”) in 2020.

We have twoenter into various factoring agreements with major Europeanthird-party financial institutions to sell certain of our trade receivables. We factored trade receivables of $1.1 billion and $1.5 billion during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, under these factoring arrangements, which reduced trade receivables. The cash received from these arrangements is reflected in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. In certain of these factoring arrangements, for ease of administration, we will collect customer payments related to the Italy segment on a non-recourse basis.factored trade receivables, which we then remit to the financial institutions. At December 31, 20182021 and 2017, there were €203.12020, we had $57 million ($232.6and $110 million, atrespectively, that was collected on behalf of the December 31, 2018 exchange rate)financial institutions and €221.3 million ($265.4 million at the December 31, 2017 exchange rate) of trade receivables outstanding that had been soldrecorded as restricted cash and derecognized fromcash equivalents and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet, respectively.

We also sell certain other trade receivables on a non-recourse basis which have been derecognized fromsheets. The net cash flows relating to these collections are reported in net cash used in financing activities in the consolidated balance sheet. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were $21.4 million and $18.6 millionstatements of these receivables outstanding that had been sold, respectively, primarilycash flows.

6.    Inventories
December 31,
($ in millions)20212020
Raw materials107 86 
Work in progress25 23 
Finished goods78 103 
Inventories, gross211 212 
Obsolescence reserve(28)(43)
Inventories, net183 169 

The following table presents the activity in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment.obsolescence reserve:

 December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Balance at beginning of year(43)(34)(40)
Provisions, net(1)(34)(29)
Amounts written off11 24 23 
Other12 
Balance at end of year(28)(43)(34)

6.Inventories


F-25
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
Raw materials 140,143
 156,336
Work in progress 32,835
 33,588
Finished goods 109,720
 129,621
  282,698
 319,545


7.    Other Assets
7.Other Assets
 
Other Current Assets
December 31,
 December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
($ in millions)($ in millions)Notes20212020
Customer financing receivables, net 170,273
 151,360
Customer financing receivables, net170 232 
Other receivables 61,055
 65,891
Other receivables158 
Income taxes receivableIncome taxes receivable64 45 
Prepaid expensesPrepaid expenses54 39 
Contract assetsContract assets449 53 
Value-added tax receivable 60,232
 49,962
Value-added tax receivable28 46 
Contract assets 58,739
 
Prepaid royalties 52,712
 59,596
Prepaid expenses 47,781
 30,977
Other 53,269
 49,734
Other67 55 
 504,061
 407,520
589 480 

Other Non-Current Assets
December 31,
($ in millions)Notes20212020
Upfront license fees, net:
Italian Scratch & Win680 845 
Italian Lotto380 516 
New Jersey66 74 
Indiana10 
1,134 1,446 
Customer financing receivables, net92 84 
Contract assets469 75 
Deferred income taxes1739 33 
Finance lease right-of-use assets1129 33 
Other66 103 
 1,429 1,774 
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
Upfront license fees, net:    
Italian Scratch & Win 992,333
 1,145,998
Italian Lotto 677,564
 812,304
New Jersey 91,970
 100,730
Indiana 13,247
 14,642
  1,775,114
 2,073,674
     
Customer financing receivables, net 88,354
 74,898
Contract assets 69,691
 
Prepaid royalties 64,598
 103,322
Prepaid income taxes 25,942
 72,176
Other 85,265
 103,883
  2,108,964
 2,427,953


Upfront License Fees

Italian Scratch & Win

In December 2017, Lotterie Nazionali S.r.l., our majority-owned subsidiary, was awarded a nine-year contract extension for the Italian Scratch & Win license (the "Italian Scratch & Win extension") that required an upfront license fee of €800.0 million ($937.4 million).



The upfront license fees are being amortized on a straight-line basis as follows:
Upfront License FeeLicense TermAmortization Start Date
Italian Scratch & Win9 yearsOctober 20102019
Italian Scratch & Win extensionLotto9 yearsOctober 2019December 2016
Italian Lotto9 yearsDecember 2016
New Jersey15 years, 9 monthsOctober 2013
Indiana15 yearsJuly 2013

Contract AssetsYeonama Holdings Co. Limited


ContractIn May 2019, we sold our ownership interest in Yeonama Holdings Co. Limited, an investment previously included within other non-current assets were recorded as a result of our adoption of ASC 606 in the first quarterconsolidated balance sheet. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of 2018. Refer to€26 million ($29 million at the revenue recognition policyMay 31, 2019 exchange rate), which is classified in Note 2, Summaryother expense (income), net on the consolidated statements of Significant Accounting Policies,operations for more information.the year ended December 31, 2019.


F-26

Customer Financing Receivables


Customers' payment terms for customer financing receivables are confirmed with a written financing contract, lease contract, or promissory note and a security agreement is typically signed by the parties granting the Company a security interest in the related products sold or leased. Customer financing interest income is recognized based on market rates prevailing at issuance.

Customer financing receivables net are recorded at cost.amortized cost, net of any allowance for credit losses, and are classified in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
 December 31, 2021
($ in millions)Current AssetsNon-Current AssetsTotal
Customer financing receivables, gross220 111 332 
Allowance for credit losses(51)(20)(71)
Customer financing receivables, net170 92 261 
  December 31, 2018
    Allowance for  
($ thousands) Gross credit losses Net
Current 196,831
 (26,558) 170,273
Non-current 91,005
 (2,651) 88,354
  287,836
 (29,209) 258,627


 December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Current AssetsNon-Current AssetsTotal
Customer financing receivables, gross275 91 365 
Allowance for credit losses(43)(7)(50)
Customer financing receivables, net232 84 316 
  December 31, 2017
    Allowance for  
($ thousands) Gross credit losses Net
Current 167,985
 (16,625) 151,360
Non-current 77,847
 (2,949) 74,898
  245,832
 (19,574) 226,258


The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses: 
December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Balance at beginning of year(50)(32)(29)
Provisions, net(29)(37)(2)
Amounts written off as uncollectible24 — 
Other (1)
— (5)— 
Balance at end of year(71)(50)(32)
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Balance at beginning of year (19,574) (7,856) (3,888)
Provisions, net (10,131) (5,236) (4,481)
Amounts written off as uncollectible 317
 
 
Foreign currency translation 179
 (159) 513
Other 
 (6,323) 
Balance at end of year (29,209) (19,574) (7,856)
(1) Includes the effect of the adoption of ASC 326 in 2020.


At December 31, 2018 and 2017, $6.9 million and $34.2 million, respectively, of certain outstandingThe Company’s customer financing receivables were sold on a non-recourse basis.

Customer financing receivables, net are recorded and valued based on expected payments and market interest rates relative toreceivable portfolio is composed of customers primarily within the Global Gaming business segment. We internally assess the credit risk of each customer region. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the carrying valuequality of customer financing receivables approximated its fair valueusing a number of factors, including, but not limited to, credit scores obtained from external providers, trade references, bank references, and historical experience. Risk profiles differ based on customer location and are pooled as North America, Latin America and the Caribbean (“LAC”), and Europe, Middle East and Africa and Asia Pacific (“EMEA & APAC”). In 2021, we combined the EMEA & APAC regions as these customers have similar credit risk profiles and we apply the same expected loss rates when determining the allowance requirement.

During the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, customer financing receivables, primarily within LAC, of $8 million and $24 million, respectively, were classified within Level 3written off as uncollectible due to the impacts of COVID-19. Additionally, due to the extended duration of the fair value hierarchy.COVID-19 induced shutdowns in LAC and potential future impacts on our customers caused by COVID-19, we renegotiated payment plans to accommodate for the shutdowns and adjusted expected loss rates, increasing our allowance for credit losses during the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had $58 million and $43 million, respectively, of credit loss allowances associated with the LAC customer financing receivables.



F-27
8.Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

The customer financing receivables at amortized cost by year of origination and the geography credit quality indicator at December 31, 2021 are as follows:
Year of Origination
($ in millions)2021202020192018PriorTotal
North America31 26 — 67 
LAC34 14 88 28 10 174 
EMEA & APAC46 13 16 13 91 
111 54 112 41 14 332 

The past due balance, which represents installments that are one day or more past their contractual due date, of customer financing receivables at amortized cost and the geography credit quality indicator at December 31, 2021 is as follows:

($ in millions)North AmericaLACEMEA & APACTotal
Past due77 17 96 
Short-term portion not yet due35 47 42 124 
Long-term portion not yet due30 50 32 111 
67 174 91 332 

8.    Fair Value Measurements

Financial Assets and Liabilities CarriedMeasured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis


The following tables represent the fair value hierarchy forOur significant financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value aton a recurring basis as of December 31, 20182021 and 2017:2020 are as follows:
December 31, 2021
($ in millions)Balance Sheet LocationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:
Derivative assetsOther current and other non-current assets— — 
Equity investmentsOther non-current assets— — 
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilitiesOther current and other non-current liabilities— — 
  December 31, 2018
($ thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Fair Value
Restricted cash equivalents 56,550
 
 
 56,550
Derivative assets 
 7,317
 2,519
 9,836
Available-for-sale investments 6,585
 
 
 6,585
Derivative liabilities 
 25,473
 
 25,473
  December 31, 2017
($ thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Restricted cash equivalents 57,465
 
 
 57,465
Derivative assets 
 501
 2,638
 3,139
Available-for-sale investments 11,991
 
 
 11,991
Contingent consideration liabilities 
 
 7,755
 7,755
Derivative liabilities 
 19,352
 
 19,352
December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Balance Sheet LocationLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:
Derivative assetsOther current and other non-current assets— 11 — 11 
Equity investmentsOther non-current assets— — 
Liabilities:
Derivative liabilitiesOther current and other non-current liabilities— 10 — 10 
 
Valuation Techniques and Balance Sheet Presentation
 
Restricted cash equivalents are primarily composed of publicly-traded foreign government and corporate bonds and mutual funds, and were valued using quoted market prices. Restricted cash equivalents are presented in restricted cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

Derivative assets and liabilities classified as Level 2 in the table above were derived from quoted market prices for similar instruments or by discounting the future cash flows with adjustments for credit risk as appropriate. All significant inputs were derived from or corroborated by observable market data including current forward exchange rates and LIBOR rates, among others. The Level 3 derivative asset in

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the table above was valued based on a freecarrying amounts for cash flow forecast. Refer to Note 9, Derivative Financial Instruments, for additional information.
Certain of our available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value and were valued using quoted market prices. Available-for-sale investments are presented ascash equivalents, restricted cash, trade and other non-currentreceivables, other current assets, in the consolidated balance sheets.

Contingent consideration was valued using a multiple of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciationaccounts payable, and amortization ("EBITDA") and is presented as other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.approximated their estimated fair values because of their short-term nature.



F-28

Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Carried at Fair Value

The following tables represent thecarrying amounts and fair value hierarchy forclassification of our significant financial assets and liabilities not measuredcarried at fair value atas of December 31, 20182021 and 2017:2020 are as follows:
December 31, 2021
($ in millions)Carrying 
Amount
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:
Customer financing receivables, net261 — — 245 245 
Equity investments11 — — 11 11 
Liabilities:
Jackpot liabilities196 — — 184 184 
Debt (1)
6,477 — 6,792 — 6,792 
December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Carrying 
Amount
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total Fair Value
Assets:
Customer financing receivables, net316 — — 313 313 
Equity investments12 — — 12 12 
Liabilities:
Jackpot liabilities219 — — 211 211 
Debt (1)
8,243 — 8,702 — 8,702 
(1) Excludes short-term borrowings and swap adjustments.

Level 3 equity investments are measured at cost, less impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes, which approximates fair value.
 
  December 31, 2018
($ thousands) Carrying 
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Fair Value
Available-for-sale investments 13,509
 
 
 13,509
 13,509
Jackpot liabilities 254,567
 
 
 229,089
 229,089
Debt 7,996,073
 
 8,089,154
 
 8,089,154
9.    Derivative Financial Instruments
  December 31, 2017
($ thousands) Carrying 
Value
 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total Fair Value
Available-for-sale investments 12,409
 
 
 12,409
 12,409
Jackpot liabilities 275,626
 
 
 268,581
 268,581
Debt 8,391,647
 
 8,974,126
 
 8,974,126
Valuation Techniques and Balance Sheet Presentation
Certain of our available-for-sale investments are carried at cost (which approximates fair value) and are presented as other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Jackpot liabilities were primarily valued using discounted cash flows, incorporating expected future payment timing, estimated funding rates based on the treasury yield curve, and nonperformance credit risk. Expected annuity payments over one to 25 years (average 10 years) were discounted using the 10-year treasury yield curve rate (2.69%) for the estimated funding rate and the 10-year credit default swap rate (3.60%) for nonperformance risk. The present value (carrying value) of the expected lump sum payments were discounted using the 1-year treasury yield curve rate (2.63%) with the 1-year credit default swap rate (0.22%) for the current amounts, and the 2-year treasury yield curve rate (2.48%) with the 2-year credit default swap rate (0.60%) for non-current amounts. Significant increases (decreases) in any inputs in isolation would result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, changes in the estimated funding rates do not correlate with changes in non-performance credit risk. Jackpot liabilities are presented as other current and other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
Debt is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and valued using quoted market prices, dealer quotes, or current interest rates. Carrying values in the table exclude swap adjustments.

9.Derivative Financial Instruments

We use selected derivative hedging instruments, principally foreign currency forward contracts and interest rate swaps, for the purpose of managing currency risks and interest rate risk arising from our operations and sources of financing.


Cash Flow Hedges
 
The notional amount of foreign currency forward contracts, designated as cash flow hedges, outstanding at December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 were $74.0$42 million and $100.8$62 million, respectively. The amount recorded within other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, 20182021 is expected to impact the consolidated statement of operations in 2019.2022.


In March 2018, prior to the issuance of the €500 million of 3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024 (the "3.500% Notes"), we executed €200.0 million notional amount of forward starting interest rate swaps to hedge against an increase in the interest rate benchmark applicable to the future expected issuance of euro denominated debt securities. We settled these swaps in June 2018 at a loss of €3.8 million ($4.4 million).

In March 2018, prior to the issuance of the $750 million of 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027 (the "6.250% Notes"), we executed $200.0 million notional amount of treasury rate lock contracts to hedge against an increase in the interest rate

benchmark applicable to the future expected issuance of U.S. dollar denominated debt securities. We settled these treasury rate lock contracts in June and September 2018 at a loss of $1.1 million and a gain $1.4 million, respectively.

There were no forward starting interest rate swaps or treasury locks outstanding at December 31, 2018 or 2017.

Fair Value Hedges

In September 2015, we executed $625.0$625 million notional amount of interest rate swaps that effectively convert $625.0converted $625 million of the 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2022 from fixed interest rate debt to variable rate debt. Under the terms of these swaps, we are required to make variable rate interest payments based on six-month LIBOR plus a fixed spread, ranging between 6.95% and 7.07% at December 31, 2018, and will receive fixed rate interest payments from our counterparties based on a fixed rate of 6.25%. The LIBOR rate resets semiannually on February 15In March 2021 and August 15. Settlement2020, $425 million and $200 million notional amount of the net amount of interest receivable or payable under therate swaps, occurs semiannually on February 15 and August 15. The swaps expire in February 2022.respectively, were early terminated.


Net Investment Hedges


In October 2018, we executed $200.0$200 million notional amount of cross-currency swaps that effectively converted fixed rate U.S. dollar denominated debt to euros. Theseare a hedge of foreign exchange risk associated with a net investment in foreign operations. In March 2021 and March 2020, $100 million notional amount of the cross-currency swaps are being used to hedge a net investment. Under the termswere early terminated in each respective month.

F-29

Table of these swaps, we are required to make semi-annual fixed rate interest payments in U.S. dollars based on a fixed rate of 6.25% and will receive fixed rate interest payments from our counterparties in euros based on a fixed rate of 2.86% on each February 15 and August 15. A final notional exchange will occur on settlement where we pay $200.0 million and receive €174.2 million. These cross-currency swaps expire in August 2021. There were no cross-currency swap contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2017.Contents

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
 
The notional amount of foreign currency forward contracts, not designated as hedging instruments, outstanding at December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 was $518.7$283 million and $460.6$295 million, respectively.

Balance Sheet Location and Fair Value
    December 31,
($ thousands) Balance Sheet Location 2018 2017
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments      
Foreign currency forward contracts Current assets 1,634
 
  Current liabilities 
 (2,362)
       
Interest rate swaps Current liabilities (2,118) 
  Non-current liabilities (17,839) (14,953)
       
Cross-currency swaps Current assets 4,100
 
  Non-current liabilities (1,850) 
       
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments      
Foreign currency forward contracts Current assets 1,583
 501
  Current liabilities (3,666) (2,037)
       
Option contract Non-current assets 2,519
 2,638

Income Statement Location and Effect
    Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income
    for the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) Income Statement Location 2018 2017 2016
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments      
Foreign currency forward contracts Service revenue (536) (1,744) 5,218
         
Interest rate swaps Other income (expense), net (443) 427
 (1,820)
  Interest income and Interest expense 941
 
 
         
Cross-currency swaps Interest income and Interest expense 1,340
 
 
         
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments      
Foreign currency forward contracts  Foreign exchange gain (loss), net (17,944) (21,870) 16,873
Refer to Note 18, 19 - Shareholders’ Equity- Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income for further information.


10.Systems, Equipment and Other Assets Related to Contracts, net and Property, Plant and Equipment, net

10.    Systems, Equipment and Other Assets Related to Contracts, net and Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Systems & Equipment and PPE, net consist of the following:
Systems & Equipment, netPPE, net
 December 31,December 31,
($ in millions)2021202020212020
Land— — 
Buildings— 58 69 
Terminals and systems2,479 2,615 — — 
Furniture and equipment138 150 255 259 
Construction in progress75 77 10 15 
 2,691 2,844 324 344 
Accumulated depreciation(1,754)(1,776)(205)(212)
 937 1,068 119 132 
  Systems & Equipment, net PPE, net
  December 31, December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017
Land 303
 547
 2,462
 2,542
Buildings 157,611
 151,962
 69,799
 70,389
Terminals and systems 3,014,733
 2,969,848
 
 
Furniture and equipment 205,305
 197,610
 257,444
 241,632
Contracts in progress 74,382
 149,245
 
 
Construction in progress 
 
 12,777
 20,603
  3,452,334
 3,469,212
 342,482
 335,166
Accumulated depreciation (2,047,908) (2,035,018) (157,133) (141,443)
  1,404,426
 1,434,194
 185,349
 193,723

The estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:
Borrowing costs of $1.1 million and $4.2 million were capitalized to Systems & Equipment in 2018 and 2017, respectively. The rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization was approximately 5.3% and 5.8% for 2018 and 2017, respectively, which was the effective interest rate of all borrowings.


11.AssetGoodwillEstimated life in years
Systems & Equipment
Buildings40
Terminals and systems - lotteryGenerally do not exceed 10 years
Terminals and systems - gaming3-5
Furniture and equipmentGenerally do not exceed 10 years
PPE
Buildings40
Furniture and equipment5-10


Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the corresponding lease term or estimated useful life.

Gain on Sale of Assets to Distributor

During 2019, we entered into a long-term strategic agreement with a distributor in Oklahoma that included the sale of used, non-premium equipment, which was previously included within systems, equipment and other assets related to contracts, net within the consolidated balance sheet. This sale resulted in a gain of $28 million which is classified in other operating expense (income), net on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.

F-30

11.     Leases

Lessee

We have operating and finance leases for real estate (warehouses, office space, data centers), vehicles, communication equipment, and other equipment. Many of our real estate leases include one or more options to renew, while some include termination options. Certain vehicle and equipment leases include residual value guarantees and options to purchase the leased asset. Many of our real estate leases include variable payments for maintenance, real estate taxes, and insurance that are determined based on the actual costs incurred by the landlord.

The classification of our operating and finance leases in the consolidated balance sheets is as follows:
December 31,
($ in millions)Balance Sheet Classification20212020
Assets:
Operating ROU assetOperating lease right-of-use assets283 288 
Finance ROU asset, net (1)
Other non-current assets29 33 
Total lease assets312 321 
Liabilities:
Operating lease liability, currentOther current liabilities39 44 
Finance lease liability, currentOther current liabilities10 11 
Operating lease liability, non-currentOperating lease liabilities269 266 
Finance lease liability, non-currentOther non-current liabilities27 31 
Total lease liabilities344 352 
(1) Finance ROU assets are recorded net of accumulated amortization of $24 million and $16 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Weighted-average lease terms and discount rates are as follows:
December 31,
202120202019
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (in years)
Operating leases8.478.328.80
Finance leases4.735.136.01
Weighted-Average Discount Rate
Operating leases6.71 %7.01 %7.74 %
Finance leases4.98 %5.16 %5.45 %

Components of lease expense are as follows:
For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Operating lease costs71 72 76 
Finance lease costs (1)
13 11 10 
Variable lease costs (2)
23 23 22 
(1) Includes amortization of ROU assets of $11 million, $9 million, and $8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively and interest on lease liabilities of $2 million, $2 million, and $2 million, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.
(2) Includes immaterial amounts related to short-term leases and sublease income.

F-31

Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities at December 31, 2021 are as follows ($ in millions):
YearOperating LeasesFinance Leases
Total (1)
202257 11 69 
202352 60 
202448 55 
202544 49 
202639 44 
Thereafter170 174 
Total lease payments410 41 451 
Less: Imputed interest(102)(5)(107)
Present value of lease liabilities307 37 344 
(1) The maturities above exclude leases that have not yet commenced. We have committed rental payments of $8.9 million for leases that will commence in 2022 with lease terms ranging from 7-9 years.

Cash flow information and non-cash activity related to leases is as follows:
For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating and finance leases67 68 74 
Finance cash flows from finance leases13 10 
Non-cash activity:
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations (net of early terminations)
Operating leases34 13 
Finance leases

Lessor

We have various arrangements for lottery and gaming equipment under which we are the lessor.

Our lease arrangements typically have lease terms ranging from one month to 4 years. These leases generally meet the criteria for operating lease classification, as the lease payments are typically variable based on a percentage of sales, a percentage of amounts wagered, net win, or a daily fee per active gaming terminal. Our leases generally do not contain variable payments that are dependent on an index or rate. We provide lessees with the option to extend the lease, which is considered when evaluating lease classification. Lease income from operating leases is included within service revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. Operating lease income was approximately 6%, 6%, and 7% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Our sales-type lease arrangements typically have lease terms ranging from one year to 10 years. We provide lessees with the option to extend the lease, which is considered when evaluating lease classification. Lease income from sales-type leases is included within product sales in the consolidated statements of operations. Total sales-type lease income was approximately 1% of total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019. Sales-type lease receivables are included within customer financing receivables, net, which are a component of other current assets and other non-current assets within the consolidated balance sheets. Additional information on customer financing receivables is included in Note 7 – Other Assets.

F-32

12.    Restructuring

During 2021 and 2020, we initiated the following restructuring plans as described below. During 2019, we expanded existing restructuring plans which were initiated in the prior year and were substantially completed by December 31, 2019.

2021 Italian Workforce Redundancies
In connection with the sale of our Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, management agreed to provide to the buyer information technology and back-office services for a period of one to three years via a TSA. As certain of these services are concluding, during the fourth quarter of 2021 management performed a detailed review of redundant roles and created a plan to eliminate certain redundancies as TSA services lapse, by commencing voluntary early retirement programs. We expect to incur approximately $38 million in severance and related employee costs associated with these early retirement programs through December 31, 2023, as management and the identified employees reach a mutual understanding of the separation benefits. Cash payments associated with these programs are expected to be made through 2030. During the year ended December 31, 2021 we incurred $11 million of severance and related employee costs under the plan, within our Global Lottery segment and corporate support function.

2020 Segment Reorganization
The 2020 segment reorganization plan was a global initiative that simplified our organizational structure and increased efficiency and effectiveness. During the year ended December 31, 2021 we revised our cost estimates resulting in a $1 million reduction of expense under the plan. Since the plan’s inception, we incurred severance and related employee costs primarily within our Global Lottery and Global Gaming segments and corporate support function totaling $15 million. This plan was substantially completed as of March 31, 2021.

2020 Global Supply Chain Optimization
The 2020 global supply chain optimization plan was an initiative that optimized our global supply chain and footprint resulting in a significant reduction to our primary manufacturing operations. During the year ended December 31, 2021 we revised our cost estimates resulting in a $1 million reduction of expense under the plan. Since the plan’s inception, we incurred severance and related employee costs, and other costs of $8 million, primarily within our Global Gaming segment. This plan was substantially completed as of March 31, 2021.

2020 Technology Organization Consolidation
The 2020 technology organization consolidation plan was an initiative that realigned and consolidated operations, reduced costs, and improved operational efficiencies within our Technology group. During the year ended December 31, 2021 we revised our cost estimates resulting in a $4 million reduction of expense under the plan. Since the plan’s inception, we incurred severance and related employee costs of $13 million, primarily within our Global Gaming segment. This plan was substantially completed as of December 31, 2021.

F-33

Rollforward of Restructuring Liability
The following table presents the activity in the restructuring liabilities for the above plans for the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020:
($ in millions)Severance and Related Employee CostsOtherTotal
Balance at December 31, 2019— — — 
2020 segment reorganization plan expense, net16 — 16 
2020 global supply chain optimization plan expense, net (1)
2020 technology organization consolidation plan expense, net17 — 17 
Cash paid for all plans(16)(2)(18)
Reversals of expense and other— 
Balance at December 31, 202023 24 
2021 Italian workforce redundancies plan expense, net11 — 11 
Cash paid for all plans(17)— (17)
Reversals of expense and other(5)(1)(6)
Balance at December 31, 202112 13 
(1) Other includes approximately $1 million of asset impairment costs, the offset of which is property, plant and equipment, net in the consolidated balance sheet.

Restructuring Expense

The following table summarizes consolidated restructuring expense by segment and type of cost:

For the year ended December 31, 2021
($ in millions)Severance and Related Employee CostsOtherTotal
Global Lottery— 
Global Gaming(3)(1)(4)
Digital & Betting(1)— (1)
Corporate and Other— 
Total(1)

For the year ended December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Severance and Related Employee CostsOtherTotal
Global Lottery— 
Global Gaming28 32 
Digital & Betting— 
Corporate and Other— 
Total41 45 

F-34

For the year ended December 31, 2019
($ in millions)Severance and Related Employee CostsOtherTotal
Global Lottery— 
Global Gaming(1)
Digital & Betting (1)
— 16 16 
Corporate and Other
Total18 25 
(1) Primarily consists of asset impairment costs.
13.Goodwill

As discussed in Note 21 – Segment Information, we established a dedicated Digital & Betting business segment, comprising our iGaming and sports betting activities that were previously included within our Global Gaming business segment. As a result, at September 1, 2021, we allocated a portion of goodwill associated with our Global Gaming reporting unit to the Digital & Betting reporting unit using a relative fair value approach. The goodwill allocated to the Global Gaming and Digital & Betting reporting units was $1.4 billion and $265 million, respectively, and the estimated fair values were determined to exceed the carrying values of each reporting unit, which indicated no impairment existed. In addition, we completed an assessment for any potential goodwill impairment for the former Global Gaming reporting unit immediately prior to the reallocation and determined that no impairment existed.

During 2020, we adopted a new organizational structure focused on 2 business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming. As a result of the change in reporting units, at July 1, 2020, we allocated goodwill to our new reporting units using a relative fair value approach. The goodwill allocated to the new Global Lottery and Global Gaming reporting units was $2.9 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, and the estimated fair values were determined to exceed the carrying values, which indicated no impairment existed. In addition, we completed an assessment for any potential goodwill impairment for all the former reporting units immediately prior to the reallocation and determined that no impairment existed. Additionally, in connection with the sale of its Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses, the Company allocated $520 million of goodwill to discontinued operations using a relative fair value approach. Prior to the allocation to discontinued operations, the goodwill was included within our Global Gaming segment.
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill consist of the following:
Reporting Units Prior to July 1, 2020
Reporting Units Subsequent to September 1, 2021(1)
($ in millions)North America Gaming and InteractiveNorth America LotteryInternationalItalyGlobal LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingDiscontinued OperationsTotal
Balance at December 31, 20191,440 1,222 1,308 1,482 — — — (520)4,931 
Impairment(103)— (193)— — — — — (296)
Segment realignment(1,337)(1,222)(1,113)(1,480)2,942 2,209 — — — 
Foreign currency translation— — (2)(2)55 28 — — 78 
Discontinued operations— — — — — (520)— 520 — 
Balance at December 31, 2020— — — — 2,997 1,716 — — 4,713 
Segment realignment— — — — — (265)265 — — 
Foreign currency translation— — — — (49)(5)(3)— (58)
Balance at December 31, 2021— — — — 2,948 1,446 261 — 4,656 
($ thousands) 
North America
Gaming and
Interactive
 
North America
Lottery
 International Italy Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 2,625,880
 1,221,529
 1,527,549
 1,435,054
 6,810,012
Impairment loss (714,000) 
 
 
 (714,000)
Disposal of DoubleDown (473,000) 
 
 
 (473,000)
Acquisitions 
 
 14,890
 7,303
 22,193
Foreign currency translation 
 
 6,786
 70,949
 77,735
Other 987
 60
 156
 (328) 875
Balance at December 31, 2017 1,439,867
 1,221,589
 1,549,381
 1,512,978
 5,723,815
Impairment loss 
 
 (118,000) 
 (118,000)
Foreign currency translation 
 
 (8,534) (17,319) (25,853)
Other 
 
 
 265
 265
Balance at December 31, 2018 1,439,867
 1,221,589
 1,422,847
 1,495,924
 5,580,227
           
Balance at December 31, 2017  
  
  
  
  
Cost 2,153,867
 1,225,682
 1,674,381
 1,514,777
 6,568,707
Accumulated impairment loss (714,000) (4,093) (125,000) (1,799) (844,892)
  1,439,867
 1,221,589
 1,549,381
 1,512,978
 5,723,815
           
Balance at December 31, 2018  
  
  
  
  
Cost 2,153,867
 1,225,682
 1,658,698
 1,497,641
 6,535,888
Accumulated impairment loss (714,000) (4,093) (235,851) (1,717) (955,661)
  1,439,867
 1,221,589
 1,422,847
 1,495,924
 5,580,227
(1) From July 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021, we operated under only 2 business segments: Global Lottery and Global Gaming.


We assess our reporting units annually and have four reporting units (which are equivalent to our segments)Total goodwill at December 31, 2018 as follows:
2021, 2020, and 2019 is net of $1.3 billion, $1.3 billion, and $1.1 billion, respectively, of accumulated impairment losses primarily arising from the former North America Gaming and Interactive;Interactive and International segments of $817 million and $526 million in both 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $714 million and $333 million in 2019, respectively.

F-35

Impairment

During the first quarter of 2020, we determined there was an interim goodwill impairment triggering event caused by COVID-19. As a result of the identified triggering event, we estimated the fair value of each of our former reporting units using an income approach based on projected discounted cash flows. Based principally on lower forecasted revenue and operating profits caused by lower demand for our commercial gaming products, we recorded a $296 million non-cash impairment loss with no income tax benefit, of which $193 million and $103 million was recorded within our former International and North America Lottery;
International; and
Italy.

For a discussionGaming reporting units, respectively, to reduce the carrying amount of the reporting units to fair value.

During the fourth quarter of 2019, we determined there was an impairment in the former International reporting unit’s goodwill due to lower forecasted cash flows along with a higher weighted-average cost of capital. As a result, we recorded a $99 million non-cash impairment losses in 2018loss with no income tax benefit and 2017, referreduced the carrying amount of our former International reporting unit to Note 23, Impairment Loss.fair value.



12.Intangible Assets, net
14.Intangible Assets, net
 
Intangible assets at December 31, 20182021 and 2017 consist of: 2020 are summarized as follows:
 December 31, 2021December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Estimated Life (Years)Weighted- Average
Amortization Period
(Years)
Gross  Carrying AmountAccumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying AmountGross  Carrying AmountAccumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying Amount
Amortized:   
Customer relationships2-2015.52,298 1,349 949 2,300 1,230 1,070 
Computer software and game library3-145.6918 809 109 918 784 134 
Trademarks1-2014.1185 106 80 186 92 94 
Developed technologies2-155.6233 216 17 225 213 13 
Licenses3-233.565 58 69 59 11 
Other4-179.035 28 37 27 10 
 3,734 2,566 1,168 3,736 2,403 1,332 
Unamortized:      
Trademarks245 — 245 245 — 245 
3,979 2,566 1,413 3,981 2,403 1,577 
  December 31, 2018
($ thousands) Gross Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Book
Value
 Weighted Average
Life (years)
Subject to amortization  
  
  
  
Customer relationships 2,428,946
 1,093,753
 1,335,193
 15.2
Computer software and game library 967,828
 753,160
 214,668
 5.5
Trademarks 185,590
 61,806
 123,784
 14.1
Licenses 294,104
 221,934
 72,170
 10.0
Developed technologies 220,097
 179,192
 40,905
 5.4
Networks 18,808
 13,978
 4,830
 7.0
Sports and horse racing betting rights 134,197
 131,933
 2,264
 6.5
Other 8,652
 4,656
 3,996
 16.1
  4,258,222
 2,460,412
 1,797,810
  
Not subject to amortization  
  
  
  
Trademarks 246,913
 
 246,913
  
Total intangible assets, excluding goodwill 4,505,135
 2,460,412
 2,044,723
  
  December 31, 2017
($ thousands) Gross Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net Book
Value
 Weighted Average
Life (years)
Subject to amortization  
  
  
  
Customer relationships 2,434,051
 956,586
 1,477,465
 15.2
Computer software and game library 947,207
 710,725
 236,482
 5.6
Trademarks 186,218
 47,053
 139,165
 14.1
Licenses 300,207
 204,533
 95,674
 10.1
Developed technologies 220,213
 155,870
 64,343
 5.4
Networks 18,806
 13,571
 5,235
 7.0
Sports and horse racing betting rights 132,521
 128,888
 3,633
 6.5
Other 8,660
 4,110
 4,550
 16.1
  4,247,883
 2,221,336
 2,026,547
  
Not subject to amortization  
  
  
  
Trademarks 246,913
 
 246,913
  
Total intangible assets, excluding goodwill 4,494,796
 2,221,336
 2,273,460
  

In connection with the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown, we recorded a $277.3 million reduction in net book value of intangible assets (principally customer relationships and trademarks) related to the sale.


Intangible asset amortization expense of $272.7$190 million, $401.5$203 million, and $492.1$220 million (which includes computer software amortization expense of $29.6$23 million, $31.4$26 million, and $38.4$29 million) was recorded in 2018, 20172021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively.


Amortization expense on intangible assets for the next five years is expected to be as follows ($ thousands)in millions):
YearAmount
2022186 
2023163 
2024146 
2025122 
2026111 
728 

F-36
Year Amount
2019 255,892
2020 226,128
2021 196,190
2022 174,281
2023 147,970
Total 1,000,461
13.Other Liabilities
Other Current Liabilities

  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
Taxes other than income taxes 149,203
 128,703
Employee compensation 145,616
 146,891
Accrued interest payable 139,276
 179,230
Accrued expenses 115,165
 121,181
Current financial liabilities 107,316
 113,217
Jackpot liabilities 76,191
 84,250
Contract liabilities 72,005
 81,111
Payable to Italian regulator 
 899,475
Other 11,950
 26,817
  816,722
 1,780,875
15.Debt
Payable to Italian Regulator


The Italian Scratch & Win extension required an upfront license fee to Agenzia delle Dogane e Dei Monopoli,Company’s long-term debt obligations consist of the governmental authority responsiblefollowing: 
December 31, 2021
($ in millions)PrincipalDebt issuance
cost, net
Total
5.350% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due October 202361 — 61 
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due July 2024566 (3)564 
6.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 20251,100 (7)1,093 
4.125% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due April 2026750 (6)744 
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026849 (5)844 
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2027750 (5)745 
2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028566 (4)562 
5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029750 (6)744 
Senior Secured Notes5,393 (36)5,357 
Euro Term Loan Facilities due January 20271,133 (12)1,121 
Long-term debt, less current portion6,525 (48)6,477 
Short-term borrowings52 — 52 
Total debt6,577 (48)6,529 



December 31, 2020
($ in millions)PrincipalDebt issuance
cost, net
SwapTotal
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 20221,000 (3)1,004 
4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 20231,043 (5)— 1,038 
5.350% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due October 202361 — — 61 
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due July 2024614 (4)— 610 
6.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 20251,100 (8)— 1,092 
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026920 (7)— 913 
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2027750 (6)— 744 
2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028614 (5)— 608 
5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029750 (7)— 743 
Senior Secured Notes6,851 (45)6,813 
Euro Term Loan Facilities due January 20271,055 (11)— 1,044 
Long-term debt, less current portion7,906 (56)7,857 
Euro Term Loan Facility due January 2027393 — — 393 
Current portion of long-term debt393 — — 393 
Total debt8,299 (56)8,250 

At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, $17 million and $24 million, respectively, of debt issuance costs, net for regulating and supervising gamingthe Revolving Credit Facilities with no outstanding borrowings, are recorded as other non-current assets in Italy ("ADM" or the "Italian regulator") of €800.0 million, of which €50.0 million ($59.3 million) was paid in 2017 and the remaining €750.0 million ($878.1 million) was paid in 2018.consolidated balance sheets.

Other Non-Current Liabilities
F-37
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
Jackpot liabilities 178,376
 191,376
Contract liabilities 67,022
 54,895
Capital leases 57,756
 57,183
Reserve for uncertain tax positions 40,803
 34,447
Royalties payable 26,686
 32,997
Other 74,802
 75,215
  445,445
 446,113


14.Debt



 December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
7.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2019 
 148,231
4.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 499,167
 833,655
5.625% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 
 595,767
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due March 2020 438,252
 585,171
5.500% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020 27,519
 125,709
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due February 2022 1,469,609
 1,470,075
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due February 2023 964,730
 1,008,601
5.350% Senior Secured Notes due October 2023 60,983
 61,082
3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024 567,179
 
6.500% Senior Secured Notes due February 2025 1,088,385
 1,086,913
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027 742,667
 
Senior Secured Notes, long-term 5,858,491
 5,915,204
     
Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021 413,381
 76,880
Term Loan Facility due January 2023 1,705,395
 1,785,361
Long-term debt, less current portion 7,977,267
 7,777,445
     
6.625% Senior Secured Notes due February 2018 
 599,114
Current portion of long-term debt 
 599,114
     
Short-term borrowings 34,822
 
     
Total Debt 8,012,089
 8,376,559

The principal balanceamount of eachlong-term debt obligation, excluding short-term borrowings, reconciles to the consolidated balance sheet as follows: 
  December 31, 2018
($ thousands) Principal 
Debt issuance
cost, net
 Premium Swap Total
4.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 501,058
 (1,891) 
 
 499,167
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due March 2020 444,146
 (5,894) 
 
 438,252
5.500% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020 27,311
 
 234
 (26) 27,519
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due February 2022 1,500,000
 (11,611) 
 (18,780) 1,469,609
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due February 2023 973,250
 (8,520) 
 
 964,730
5.350% Senior Secured Notes due October 2023 60,567
 
 416
 
 60,983
3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024 572,500
 (5,321) 
 
 567,179
6.500% Senior Secured Notes due February 2025 1,100,000
 (11,615) 
 
 1,088,385
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027 750,000
 (7,333) 
 
 742,667
Senior Secured Notes, long-term 5,928,832
 (52,185) 650
 (18,806) 5,858,491
           
Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021 428,158
 (14,777) 
 
 413,381
Term Loan Facility due January 2023 1,717,500
 (12,105) 
 
 1,705,395
Total Debt, excluding short-term borrowings 8,074,490
 (79,067) 650
 (18,806) 7,977,267



 December 31, 2017
($ thousands) Principal Debt issuance
cost, net
 Premium Swap Total
7.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2019 144,303
 
 3,708
 220
 148,231
4.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 839,510
 (5,855) 
 
 833,655
5.625% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 600,000
 (4,233) 
 
 595,767
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due March 2020 599,650
 (14,479) 
 
 585,171
5.500% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020 124,143
 
 1,757
 (191) 125,709
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due February 2022 1,500,000
 (14,808) 
 (15,117) 1,470,075
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due February 2023 1,019,405
 (10,804) 
 
 1,008,601
5.350% Senior Secured Notes due October 2023 60,567
 
 515
 
 61,082
6.500% Senior Secured Notes due February 2025 1,100,000
 (13,087) 
 
 1,086,913
Senior Secured Notes, long-term 5,987,578
 (63,266) 5,980
 (15,088) 5,915,204
           
6.625% Senior Secured Notes due February 2018 599,650
 (536) 
 
 599,114
Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021 95,000
 (18,120) 
 
 76,880
Term Loan Facility due January 2023 1,798,950
 (13,589) 
 
 1,785,361
Total Debt, excluding short-term borrowings 8,481,178
 (95,511) 5,980
 (15,088) 8,376,559

Principal payments for each debt obligation, excluding short-term borrowings, formaturing over the next five years and thereafter are as follows:of December 31, 2021 is as follows ($ in millions): 
YearU.S. Dollar DenominatedEuro DenominatedTotal
2022— — — 
202361 — 61 
2024— 793 793 
20251,100 227 1,327 
2026750 1,076 1,826 
2027 and thereafter1,500 1,019 2,519 
Total principal payments3,411 3,115 6,525 
  Calendar year
($ thousands) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 and
thereafter
 Total
4.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 
 501,058
 
 
 
 
 501,058
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due March 2020 
 444,146
 
 
 
 
 444,146
5.500% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020 
 27,311
 
 
 
 
 27,311
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due February 2022 
 
 
 1,500,000
 
 
 1,500,000
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due February 2023 
 
 
 
 973,250
 
 973,250
5.350% Senior Secured Notes due October 2023 
 
 
 
 60,567
 
 60,567
3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024 
 
 
 
 
 572,500
 572,500
6.500% Senior Secured Notes due February 2025 
 
 
 
 
 1,100,000
 1,100,000
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027 
 
 
 
 
 750,000
 750,000
Senior Secured Notes, long-term 
 972,515
 
 1,500,000
 1,033,817
 2,422,500
 5,928,832
               
Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021 
 
 428,158
 
 
 
 428,158
Term Loan Facility due January 2023 
 366,400
 366,400
 366,400
 618,300
 
 1,717,500
Total Principal Payments 
 1,338,915
 794,558
 1,866,400
 1,652,117
 2,422,500
 8,074,490


Senior Secured Notes
 
The key terms of our senior secured notes (the "Notes"“Notes”), which arewere rated Ba2Ba3 and BB+BB by Moody’s Investor Service ("Moody’s"(“Moody’s”) and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services ("(“S&P"&P”), respectively, at December 31, 2021, are as follows:
Description Principal (thousands) Effective 
Interest Rate
 Issuer Guarantors Collateral Redemption Interest payments
4.125% Senior Secured Notes due February 2020 €437,605 4.47% Parent *  + Semi-annually in arrears
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due March 2020 (1)
 €387,900 6.00% Parent *  ++ Annually in arrears
5.500% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020 $27,311 4.88% IGT ** †† +++ Semi-annually in arrears
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due February 2022 $1,500,000 6.52% Parent *  ++++ Semi-annually in arrears
4.750% Senior Secured Notes due February 2023 €850,000 4.98% Parent *  ++++ Semi-annually in arrears
5.350% Senior Secured Notes due October 2023 $60,567 5.47% IGT ** †† +++ Semi-annually in arrears
3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024 €500,000 3.68% Parent *  ++++ Semi-annually in arrears
6.500% Senior Secured Notes due February 2025 $1,100,000 6.71% Parent *  ++++ Semi-annually in arrears
6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027 $750,000 6.41% Parent *  ++++ Semi-annually in arrears
(1)Subject to a 1.25% per annum decrease in the event of an upgrade in ratings by Moody’s and S&P.
DescriptionPrincipal
(in millions)
Effective 
Interest Rate
IssuerGuarantorsCollateralRedemptionInterest payments
5.350% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due October 2023$615.47%IGT**††+Semi-annually in arrears
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due July 2024€5003.68%Parent*++Semi-annually in arrears
6.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2025$1,1006.71%Parent*++Semi-annually in arrears
4.125% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due April 2026$7504.34%Parent*+++Semi-annually in arrears
3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026€7503.65%Parent*+++Semi-annually in arrears
6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2027$7506.41%Parent*++Semi-annually in arrears
2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028€5002.50%Parent*+++Semi-annually in arrears
5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029$7505.39%Parent*+++Semi-annually in arrears
 
*    Certain subsidiaries of the Parent.


**    The Parent and certain subsidiaries of the Parent.

Ownership interests of the Parent in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.

††Certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.

+The Parent may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior to the date which is three months prior to maturity at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. After such date, the Parent may redeem in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.

++The Parent may redeem in whole but not in part at any time prior to maturity at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. The Parent may also redeem in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to redeem in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.

+++IGT may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior maturity at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. IGT may also redeem in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain gaming regulatory events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, IGT will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.



†    Ownership interests in certain subsidiaries of the Parent, certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million and certain accounts receivable.
++++The Parent may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior to the date which is six months prior to maturity at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. After such date, the Parent may redeem in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.


††    Certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million and certain accounts receivable.

+    International Game Technology (“IGT”) may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior to maturity at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. IGT may also redeem in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain gaming regulatory events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, IGT will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.

++    The Parent may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior to the date which is six months prior to maturity at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. After such date, the Parent may redeem in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.

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+++    The Parent may redeem in whole or in part at any time prior to the first date set forth in the redemption price schedule at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. After such date, the Parent may redeem in whole or in part at a redemption price set forth in the redemption price schedule in the indenture, together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest.

The Notes contain customary covenants and events of default. At December 31, 2018,2021, the issuers were in compliance with allthe covenants.


6.250%On February 11, 2022, the Moody’s rating increased to Ba2 and on February 16, 2022, the S&P’s rating increased to BB+.

4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due January 2027February 2023


On September 26, 2018,In May 2021, the Parent issued $750 million of 6.250% Senior Secured Notes due January 2027 (the "6.250% Notes") at par.

The Parent used the net proceeds from the 6.250% Notessale of the Italian B2C gaming machine, sports betting, and digital gaming businesses and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2021 to redeem $600.0 million$1.0 billion (€850 million) of the 5.625%4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2020 (the "5.625% Notes"), $144.3 million2023 through the exercise of the 7.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2019 (the "7.500% Notes") and $96.8 million of the 5.500% Senior Secured Notes due June 2020 (the "5.500% Notes"),make-whole call option for total consideration, excluding interest, of $865.8 million.$1.1 billion. The Company recorded a $24.8$67 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the redemptions,repurchase, which is classified in other expense (income), net onin the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021.


4.125% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due April 2026

In March 2021, the Parent issued $750 million of 4.125% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due April 2026 (the “4.125% Notes”) at par. The Parent used the proceeds to partially redeem the 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2022.

Interest on the 6.250%4.125% Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears.


The 6.250%4.125% Notes are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Parent and are secured by ownership interests in certain subsidiaries of the Parent, in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.million and certain accounts receivable.


Prior to JulyApril 15, 2026,2023, the Parent may redeem the 6.250%4.125% Notes in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. On or after JulyFrom April 15, 2026,2023 to April 14, 2024, the Parent may redeem the 6.250%4.125% Notes in whole or in part at 102.063% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. From April 15, 2024 to April 14, 2025, the Parent may redeem the 4.125% Notes in whole or in part at 101.031% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. On or after April 15, 2025, the Parent may redeem the 4.125% Notes in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem the 6.250%4.125% Notes in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the 6.250%4.125% Notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. In certain events of default, the 6.250%4.125% Notes outstanding may become due and payable immediately.


3.500%6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due July 2024February 2022


On June 27, 2018,In March 2021, the Parent issued €500 million of 3.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2024 (the "3.500% Notes") at par.

The Parent used the net proceeds from the 3.500% Notes to repurchase €262.4 million ($303.6 million)sale of the 4.125% Notes and borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facilities to redeem $1.0 billion of the 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2020 (the "4.125% Notes") and €112.1 million ($129.7 million) of the 4.750% Senior Secured Notes due March 2020 (the "4.750% Notes"),2022 for total consideration, excluding interest, of €395.5 million ($457.5 million).$1.0 billion. The Company recorded a $29.6an $18 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the repurchases,repurchase, of which a $24 million loss is classified in other expense (income), net onand an offsetting gain of $6 million is classified in interest expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.2021.


5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029

In June 2020, the Parent issued $750 million of 5.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due January 2029 (the “5.250% Notes”) at par.

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The Parent used the net proceeds from the 5.250% Notes to repurchase $500 million of the 6.250% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2022 for total consideration, excluding interest, of $525 million. The Company recorded a $23 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the repurchase, of which a $28 million loss is classified in other expense (income), net and an offsetting gain of $5 million is classified in interest expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Interest on the 3.500%5.250% Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears.


The 3.500%5.250% Notes are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Parent and are secured by ownership interests in certain subsidiaries of the Parent, in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.million and certain accounts receivable.


Prior to January 15, 2024, the Parent may redeem the 3.500%5.250% Notes in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium. From January 15, 2024 to January 14, 2025, the Parent may redeem the 5.250% Notes in whole or in part at 102.625% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. From January 15, 2025 to January 14, 2026, the Parent may redeem the 5.250% Notes in whole or in part at 101.313% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. On or after January 15, 2024,2026, the Parent may redeem the 3.500%5.250% Notes in whole or in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. The Parent may also redeem the 3.500%5.250% Notes in whole but not in part at 100% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest in connection with certain tax events. Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parent will be required to offer to repurchase all of the 3.500%5.250% Notes at a price equal to 101% of their principal amount together with accrued and unpaid interest. In certain events of default, the 3.500%5.250% Notes outstanding may become due and payable immediately.



6.625%5.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2018June 2020


TheIn June 2020, the Parent redeemed the€500$27 million ($625.5 million) 6.625% 5.500% Senior Secured U.S. Dollar Notes due February 2018June 2020 when they matured on February 2, 2018, usingmatured.

4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due March 2020

In March 2020, the Parent redeemed the €388 million ($432 million) 4.750% Senior Secured Euro Notes due March 2020 when they matured.

2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028

In September 2019, the Parent issued €500 million of 2.375% Senior Secured Euro Notes due April 2028 (the “2.375% Notes”) at par.

The Parent used the net proceeds from the 2.375% Notes to pay the €320 million ($350 million) first installment on the Euro Term Loan Facility due January 2023.

7.500% Senior Secured Notes2020 on September 27, 2019 and to pay down $192 million of the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2019

On June 12, 2017, the Parent offered to purchase any and all of the $500.0 million 7.500% Notes and on June 21, 2017 the Parent purchased $355.7 million of these notes2024, for total consideration, excluding interest, of $393.5$543 million. The Company recorded a $25.7$2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the purchase,Term Loan repayment, which is classified in other expense (income), net on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.2019.


3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026

In June 2019, the Parent issued €750 million of 3.500% Senior Secured Euro Notes due June 2026 (the “3.500% Notes due 2026”) at par.

The Parent used the net proceeds from the 3.500% Notes due 2026 to repurchase €438 million ($498 million) of the 4.125% Senior Secured Euro Notes due February 2020 (the “4.125% Notes”) and pay down $339 million of the Revolving Credit Facilities due July 2024, for total consideration, excluding interest, of $845 million. The Company recorded a €9 million ($10 million) loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the repurchase, which is classified in other expense (income), net on the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.


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Euro Term Loan FacilityFacilities

OnThe Parent is a party to a Senior Facility Agreement dated July 25, 2017, the Parent entered into a senior facility agreementas amended (the "Term Loan Facility Agreement"“TLF Agreement”), which provided for a €1.5 billion term loan facility maturing on January 25, 2023 that was repayable in annual installments of €320 million due January 202325 of each of 2020, 2021 and 2022 with a final installment of €540 million due January 25, 2023. The Parent prepaid the installment due January 25, 2020 with proceeds of the 2.375% Notes issued in September 2019 and repaid the installment due January 25, 2021 at the due date.

In May 2020, the Company entered into an amendment to the TLF Agreement which modified the TLF Agreement by, among other things:

Providing a waiver of the covenants requiring the Company to maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA from the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020 through the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021 and established new thresholds for these financial covenants starting with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021 as described in the amendments;
Providing that the obligation to grant security over additional collateral be waived provided that the public debt ratings of the Company are not less than BB- or Ba3;
Increasing the margin from 2.75% to 3.25% if the public debt ratings of the Company are B+ or B1 (or lower); and
Prohibiting restricted payments (including dividends and ordinary share repurchases) during the period commencing on April 1, 2020 and expiring on June 30, 2021, and permitting restricted payments during the period commencing on July 1, 2021 and expiring on the maturity date of the respective agreements provided that the ratio of total net debt to EBITDA as adjusted to reflect the restricted payment is less than specified thresholds.

In addition, the amendment to the TLF Agreement provided that the margin applicable to all loans under the TLF Agreement outstanding as of April 11, 2020 was increased to 2.50%.

In July 2021, the Parent entered into an Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the "Term“Amendment and Restatement Agreement”) with respect to the TLF Agreement. The Amendment and Restatement Agreement among other things: (i) added a second term loan facility with IGT Lottery Holdings B.V. as the borrower, (ii) increased the aggregate amount of the term loan facilities (the “Euro Term Loan Facility"Facilities”). from €860 million to €1.0 billion (with each of the Parent and IGT Lottery Holdings B.V. borrowing €500 million), (iii) extended the maturity date of the Euro Term Loan Facilities to January 25, 2027, (iv) reduced the applicable interest rate by 35 basis points based on current debt ratings, (v) provided for a maximum decrease or increase of an additional 7.5 basis points in the margin based on environmental, social and governance factors, and (vi) maintained and extended existing financial covenant thresholds.
As a result of the Amendment and Restatement Agreement, the Company reclassified the €320 million current portion of long-term debt to long-term debt.

The Parentborrowers must repay the Euro Term Loan FacilityFacilities in four installments, as detailed below:
Due DateAmount (€ thousands)
(€ in millions)
January 25, 20202024320,000200 
January 25, 20212025320,000200 
January 25, 20222026320,000200 
January 25, 20232027540,000400 

We recorded a $2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in connection with the Amendment and Restatement Agreement, which is classified in other expense (income), net in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.

In September 2021, the Company received an upgraded environmental, social, and governance rating and pursuant to the Amendment and Restatement Agreement, the interest rate was decreased by 4 basis points effective September 17, 2021.
Interest on the Euro Term Loan FacilityFacilities is payable between one and six months in arrears at rates equal to the applicable LIBOR or EURIBOR plus a margin based on our long-term ratings by Moody’s and S&P. At December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020, the effective interest rate on the Euro Term Loan FacilityFacilities was 2.05%.2.11% and 2.50%, respectively.
F-41

The Euro Term Loan Facility isFacilities are guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Parent and isare secured by ownership interests in certain subsidiaries of the Parent, in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.million and certain accounts receivable.
Upon the occurrence of certain events, the Parentborrowers may be required to prepay the Euro Term Loan FacilityFacilities in full.
The Term Loan FacilityTLF Agreement, as amended by the Amendment and Restatement Agreement, contains customary covenants (including maintaining a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA) and events of default. At December 31, 2018,2021, the Parent was in compliance with allthe covenants.
Revolving Credit Facilities
 
The Parent and certain of its subsidiaries are party to a senior facilities agreementSenior Facilities Agreement dated November 4, 2014, as amended (the "RCF Agreement"“RCF Agreement”), which provides for the following multi-currency revolving credit facilities (the "Revolving“Revolving Credit Facilities"Facilities”):
which mature on July 31, 2024:
Maximum Amount

Available (thousands)
(in millions)
FacilityBorrowers
$1,200,0001,050Revolving Credit Facility AParent, IGT, and IGT Global Solutions Corporation
725,000625Revolving Credit Facility BParent, andIGT Lottery S.p.A. (formerly Lottomatica Holding S.r.l.S.r.l), and IGT Lottery Holdings B.V.
Interest on the Revolving Credit Facilities is payable between one and six months in arrears at rates equal to the applicable LIBOR (or the applicable EURIBOR if the borrower elects to borrow in Euros) with respect to Revolving Credit Facility A or the applicable EURIBOR (or the applicable LIBOR if the borrower elects to borrow in U.S. dollars) with respect to Revolving Credit Facility B, plus a margin based on the Parent’s long-term ratings by Moody’s and S&P. At December 31, 20182021 and 2017, the effective interest rate on2020, there were no balances for the Revolving Credit Facilities was 2.66% and 3.48%, respectively.Facilities.

The RCF Agreement provides that the following fees, which are recorded in interest expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations, are payable quarterly in arrears:
 
Commitment fees - payable on the aggregate undrawn and un-cancelled amount of the Revolving Credit Facilities depending on the Parent’s long-term ratings by Moody’s and S&P. The applicable rate was 0.725%0.928% at December 31, 2018.2021.

Utilization fees - payable on the aggregate drawn amount of the Revolving Credit Facilities at a rate dependingranging from 0.15% to 0.60% dependent on the percentage of the Revolving Credit Facilities utilized. The applicable rate was 0.15% at December 31, 2018.2021.
 
The Revolving Credit Facilities are guaranteed by the Parent and certain of its subsidiaries and are secured by ownership interests in certain subsidiaries and of the Parent, in certain of its direct subsidiaries and certain intercompany loans with principal balances in excess of $10 million.million and certain accounts receivable.
 
Upon the occurrence of certain events, the borrowers may be required to repay the Revolving Credit Facilities and the lenders may have the right to cancel their commitments.
 
At December 31, 2018 and 2017,2021 the aggregate amounts available liquidityto be borrowed under the Revolving Credit Facilities was $1.602 billion and $1.974 billion, respectively.were $1.7 billion.


The RCF Agreement contains customary covenants (including maintaining a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA) and events of default. At December 31, 2018,2021, the borrowers were in compliance with allthe covenants.

In May 2020, the Parent entered into an amendment to the RCF Agreement, which modified the RCF Agreement by, among other things:

Providing a waiver of the covenants requiring the Company to maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA to net interest costs and a maximum ratio of total net debt to EBITDA from the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2020 through the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2021 and established new thresholds for these financial covenants starting with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2021 as described in the amendments;
F-42

Providing that the obligation to grant security over additional collateral be waived provided that the public debt ratings of the Company are not less than BB- or Ba3;
Increasing the margin from 2.75% to 3.25% if the public debt ratings of the Company are B+ or B1 (or lower); and
Prohibiting restricted payments (including dividends and ordinary share repurchases) during the period commencing on April 1, 2020 and expiring on June 30, 2021, and permitting restricted payments during the period commencing on July 1, 2021 and expiring on the maturity date of the respective agreements provided that the ratio of total net debt to EBITDA as adjusted to reflect the restricted payment is less than specified thresholds.

In addition, the amendment to the RCF Agreement provided that the margin applicable to all loans under the RCF Agreement outstanding as of April 11, 2020 was increased to 2.475%.

The TLF Agreement and the RCF Agreement limit the aggregate amount that the Parent can pay with respect to dividends and repurchases of ordinary shares in each year to $300 million if our debt ratings by Moody’s or S&P are lower than Ba1 or BB+, respectively, and $400 million if our debt ratings by Moody’s and S&P are equal to or higher than Ba1 and BB+, respectively.

Other Credit Facilities
 
The Parent and certain of its subsidiaries may borrow under senior unsecured uncommitted demand credit facilities made available by several financial institutions. At December 31, 2018,2021, there was $34.8were $30 million inof short-term borrowings under these facilities with an effective interest rate of 3.64%1.63%. At December 31, 2017,2020, there were no borrowings under these facilities.


Additionally, at December 31, 2021, the Company had a $21 million swingline loan associated with the Revolving Credit Facilities with an effective interest rate of 3.25%, which is classified in short-term borrowings.

Letters of Credit
 
The Parent and certain of its subsidiaries may obtain letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Facilities and under senior unsecured uncommitted demand credit facilities. The letters of credit secure various obligations, including obligations arising under customer contracts and real estate leases. The following table summarizes the letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 and the weighted averageweighted-average annual cost of such letters of credit:
($ in millions)
Letters of Credit Outstanding (1)
Weighted-
Average
Annual Cost
December 31, 2021335 1.08 %
December 31, 2020427 1.06 %
(1) Represents letters of credit outstanding not under the Revolving Credit Facilities.

Interest Expense, Net
 For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Senior Secured Notes292 344 351 
Term Loan Facilities30 37 36 
Revolving Credit Facilities29 31 28 
Other
Interest expense354 413 423 
Interest income(13)(15)(12)
Interest expense, net341 398 411 

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16.Other Liabilities
 
Other Current Liabilities
 December 31,
($ in millions)Notes20212020
Employee compensation171 90 
Contract liabilities4104 108 
Income taxes payable104 26 
Accrued interest payable100 138 
Accrued expenses75 118 
Taxes other than income taxes72 96 
Jackpot liabilities1866 71 
Current financial liabilities61 128 
Operating lease liabilities1139 44 
Other35 26 
 828 846 

Other Non-Current Liabilities
 December 31,
($ in millions)Notes20212020
Jackpot liabilities18130 148 
Contract liabilities447 62 
Reserves for uncertain tax positions47 48 
Finance lease liabilities1127 31 
Other72 72 
 323 360 

17.Income Taxes
  Letters of Credit Outstanding  
($ thousands) 
Not under the
Revolving Credit
Facilities
 
Under the
Revolving Credit
Facilities
 Total 
Weighted 
Average
Annual Cost
December 31, 2018 453,719
 
 453,719
 0.98%
December 31, 2017 510,962
 
 510,962
 1.02%

Interest Expense

Interest expense is composed of the following:
  For the year ended
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Senior Secured Notes (352,293) (389,879) (391,790)
Term Loan Facilities (39,462) (23,567) (19,100)
Revolving Credit Facilities (27,805) (34,984) (42,179)
Other (12,058) (10,469) (16,199)
  (431,618) (458,899) (469,268)


15.Income Taxes

The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for (benefit from) income taxes, determined by tax jurisdiction, are as follows:
For the year ended December 31,
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
($ in millions)($ in millions)202120202019
United Kingdom 195,629
 (408,595) 87,269
United Kingdom40 (355)35 
United States (363,507) (1,173,601) (355,451)United States(20)(776)(301)
Italy 535,643
 479,851
 578,221
Italy438 229 351 
All other (63,717) 125,420
 13,374
OtherOther70 55 43 
 304,048
 (976,925) 323,413
529 (848)128 
 
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The provision for (benefit from) income taxes consists of:
 For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Current:   
United Kingdom— (1)
United States41 10 46 
Italy155 66 104 
Other40 31 49 
 236 106 202 
Deferred:   
United States76 (62)(69)
Italy(22)(1)
Other(16)(16)(3)
 38 (78)(71)
 274 28 131 
  For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Current:  
  
  
United Kingdom 3,579
 733
 711
United States (12,028) 80,140
 (16,982)
Italy 186,402
 131,155
 192,712
All other 45,942
 54,823
 36,414
  223,895
 266,851
 212,855
Deferred:  
  
  
United Kingdom (282) 4,366
 19,232
United States (20,900) (175,539) (109,139)
Italy (3,186) 865
 (5,837)
All other (10,126) (125,957) (57,905)
  (34,494) (296,265) (153,649)
  189,401
 (29,414) 59,206

Income taxes paid, net of refunds, were $239.8$188 million, $296.4$89 million, and $183.3$197 million in 2018, 20172021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the "Tax Act") which has resulted in significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system. Changes include, but are not limited to: a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017; the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial tax system; and a one-time transition tax on the mandatory deemed repatriation of cumulative foreign earnings (the "transition tax") as of December 31, 2017. In accordance with the Tax Act, we recorded a $114.2 million income tax benefit in the fourth quarter of 2017, the period in which the legislation was enacted. The total tax benefit included a $60.5 million tax expense related to the transition tax and a $174.7 million tax benefit related to the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Additionally, Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("SAB 118") was issued to address the application of GAAP in situations when a Company does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. December 22, 2018 marked the end of the measurement period for purposes of SAB 118. In the fourth quarter of 2018, we completed our analysis to determine the effect of the Tax Act and recorded no significant adjustments as of December 31, 2018. 



The Parent is a tax resident in the United Kingdom (the "U.K."“U.K.”). A reconciliation of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes, withfrom the amount computed by applying the weighted average rate of the U.K. statutory main corporation tax rates enacted in each of the Parent’s calendar year reporting periods to income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for (benefit from) income taxes is as follows:
 For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes529 (848)128 
United Kingdom statutory tax rate19.0 %19.0 %19.0 %
Statutory tax expense (benefit)100 (161)24 
Change in valuation allowances125 128 
Italy regional tax (“IRAP”) and state taxes41 23 
Non-deductible expenses25 
Base erosion and anti-abuse (“BEAT”) tax17 13 31 
Foreign tax and statutory rate differential (1)
17 (14)
Foreign tax expense, net of U.S. federal benefit11 10 14 
Provision to return— — 
GILTI tax
Non-deductible goodwill impairment— 56 19 
Change in unrecognized tax benefits— 
Non-taxable gains on investments— — (6)
Italian allowance for corporate equity(3)(4)(2)
Non-taxable foreign exchange gain(11)— (4)
Italian patent box tax benefit(27)— — 
Tax law changes(38)(20)— 
Other15 
 274 28 131 
Effective tax rate51.8 %(3.3)%102.1 %
  For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Income (loss) before provision for (benefit from) income taxes 304,048
 (976,925) 323,413
United Kingdom statutory tax rate 19.00% 19.25% 20.00%
Statutory tax expense (benefit) 57,769
 (188,058) 64,682
       
Foreign tax and statutory rate differential (1)
 48,040
 (71,050) (17,013)
IRAP and state taxes 38,820
 33,484
 36,754
Nondeductible goodwill impairment 22,420
 137,445
 
Italian tax settlement 16,664
 
 15,256
Foreign tax expense, net of U.S. federal benefit 14,930
 14,500
 3,457
BEAT tax 13,769
 
 
GILTI tax 11,079
 
 
Change in unrecognized tax benefits 9,166
 20,624
 (10,914)
Tax cost of tax dividends 6,613
 3,041
 4,619
Tax impact of tax law and rate changes excluding the Tax Act 4,337
 (2,463) (8,422)
Nondeductible expenses 1,251
 1,204
 2,659
Foreign withholding and state taxes on unremitted earnings (880) 9,290
 
Non-controlling interest (1,132) (2,205) (3,605)
U.S. research and development tax credit (2,823) (5,052) (4,980)
Provision to return adjustments (2,909) (1,334) (6,705)
Italian allowance for corporate equity (4,515) (11,761) (9,243)
Tax impact of Tax Act (10,852) (114,219) 
Nontaxable foreign exchange gain (12,384) 
 
Change in valuation allowances (13,723) 58,672
 3,610
Capital gain taxes on sale of DoubleDown 
 94,303
 
Non-taxable gains on investments 
 
 (5,880)
Other (6,239) (5,835) (5,069)
  189,401
 (29,414) 59,206
       
Effective tax rate 62.3% 3.0% 18.3%
(1) Includes the effects of foreign subsidiaries'subsidiaries’ earnings taxed at rates other than the U.K. statutory rate


In 2018, our effective tax rate was higher than
F-45

On March 27, 2020, the U.K. statutory rate of 19.00% primarily dueU.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) to provide certain relief related to the impactCOVID-19 outbreak. Some of the internationalkey tax-related provisions of the TaxCARES Act (the base-erosionbenefiting the Company include temporary five-year net operating loss carryback provisions, modifications to the 30% limitation on the deductibility of business interest, and anti-abusepayroll tax or "BEAT"deferral.

In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the U.S. Treasury Department issued final regulations regarding GILTI. The Company has elected the GILTI high tax exception as allowed by the final regulations and GILTI),has amended its 2018 and 2019 income tax returns. The benefit of the GILTI high tax exception as well as the NOL carryback provisions provided in the CARES Act resulted in a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit increases in uncertain tax positions and the settlement of an Italian tax audit.$12 million.

In 2017, our effective tax rate was higher than the U.K. statutory rate of 19.25% primarily due to a goodwill impairment with no associated tax benefit, capital gain taxes incurred on the sale of DoubleDown, a net increase in valuation allowances in the U.K. and other foreign jurisdictions offset by a favorable net tax benefit recorded related to the impact of the Tax Act.

In 2016, our effective tax rate was lower than the U.K. statutory rate of 20.00% primarily due to a reduction in operating losses without tax benefits in certain foreign jurisdictions, decrease in uncertain tax positions as a result of a favorable settlement with the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"), tax benefits associated with tax law and tax rate changes during the year, offset by an Italian audit settlement.


The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: 
December 31,
 December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
($ in millions)($ in millions)20212020
Deferred tax assets:  
  
Deferred tax assets:  
Net operating losses 226,249
 241,702
Net operating losses286 300 
Section 163(j) interest limitationSection 163(j) interest limitation190 155 
Italian goodwill tax step-upItalian goodwill tax step-up119 — 
Provisions not currently deductible for tax purposes 112,768
 132,365
Provisions not currently deductible for tax purposes85 88 
Section 163(j) interest limitation 75,778
 
Lease liabilitiesLease liabilities66 70 
Jackpot timing differencesJackpot timing differences30 39 
Depreciation and amortization 49,548
 72,101
Depreciation and amortization29 26 
Jackpot timing differences 42,651
 51,438
Inventory reserves 10,497
 9,913
Inventory reserves10 
Stock-based compensation 4,077
 2,402
Deferred revenue 3,946
 5,317
Other 9,480
 4,155
Other63 47 
Gross deferred tax assets 534,994
 519,393
Gross deferred tax assets878 728 
Valuation allowance (170,831) (184,554)Valuation allowance(412)(284)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 364,163
 334,839
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance466 444 
    
Deferred tax liabilities:  
  
Deferred tax liabilities:  
Acquired intangible assets 589,993
 635,471
Acquired intangible assets462 506 
Depreciation and amortization 157,260
 138,764
Depreciation and amortization163 161 
Italian goodwill equity reserve liabilityItalian goodwill equity reserve liability105 — 
Lease right-of-use assetsLease right-of-use assets60 65 
Other 24,876
 10,518
Other12 
Total deferred tax liabilities 772,129
 784,753
Total deferred tax liabilities795 744 
Net deferred income tax liability (407,966) (449,914)Net deferred income tax liability(329)(300)
 
Our net deferred income taxes are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as follows: 
December 31,
 December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
($ in millions)($ in millions)20212020
Deferred income taxes - non-current asset 38,117
 41,546
Deferred income taxes - non-current asset39 33 
Deferred income taxes - non-current liability (446,083) (491,460)Deferred income taxes - non-current liability(368)(333)
 (407,966) (449,914) (329)(300)
 
Net Operating Loss Carryforwards


We have a $1.021$1.1 billion gross tax loss carryforward, of which $401.6$631 million relates to the U.K., $220.3$137 million relates to U.S. Federal, and $398.8$339 million relates to other foreign tax jurisdictions. Carryforwards in certain tax jurisdictions begin to expire in 2030,2031, while others have an unlimited carryforward period. A valuation allowance has been provided on $755.1$910 million of the gross net operating loss carryfowards.carryforwards. Portions of the tax loss carryforwards are subject to annual limitations in most of our significant tax jurisdictions, including Section 382 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for U.S. tax purposes,U.K. and similar provisions under other countries' laws.U.S. In addition, as of December 31, 2018,2021, we had U.S. state tax net operating loss carryforwards, resulting in a deferred tax asset (net of U.S. federal tax benefit) of approximately $13.9$13 million. U.S. state tax net operating loss carryfowardscarryforwards generally expire in the years 20192027 through 2038.2040.

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Valuation Allowance


A reconciliation of the valuation allowance is as follows:
 December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
Balance at beginning of year284 156 171 
Net charges to expense86 120 
Tax rate change39 — 
Provision to return adjustment— — 
Expiration of tax attributes— — (15)
Balance at end of year412 284 156 
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Balance at beginning of year 184,554
 151,653
 139,663
Expiration of tax attributes 
 (25,771) 
Net charges to (income) expense (13,723) 58,672
 11,990
Balance at end of year 170,831
 184,554
 151,653



The valuation allowance primarily relates to U.K. and foreign net operating losses and the section 163(j) business interest expense limitation carryforward that are not more likely than not expected to be realized. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we considered both positive and negative evidence for each jurisdiction including past operating results, estimates of future taxable income, and the feasibility of tax planning strategies. When we change our determination as to the amount of deferred tax assets that can be realized, the valuation allowance is adjusted with a corresponding impact to the provision for (benefit from) income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.

In December 2017, we recorded a valuation allowance on the U.K. net operating losses. The net operating losses were primarily due to significant foreign exchange losses relating to euro denominated debt that is recorded on a U.S. dollar functional currency U.K. company.

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we recorded a net valuation (decrease) increase of $(13.7) million and $32.9 million, respectively.

Unremitted Earnings

Prior to the Tax Act, we considered the earnings in our foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely reinvested and, accordingly, recorded no deferred income taxes. The Tax Act eliminated the deferral of U.S. income tax on these foreign earnings by imposing the transition tax. As a result, we now intend to repatriate substantially all of our accumulated foreign earnings (not including the earnings of our Italian sub-group of entities). We continue to have significant cash needs outside the United States and, accordingly, the extent and timing of repatriation of these earnings continues to be monitored. The Tax Act, however, has given us more flexibility to manage and deploy cash globally. As of December 31, 2018, we have recorded an $8.4 million deferred tax liability associated with foreign withholding and other taxes resulting from our intention to repatriate foreign earnings.

We continue to indefinitely reinvest the earnings of our subsidiary investments held by our Italian parent sub-holding company and, therefore, no deferred income taxes have been provided on these earnings. If we were to change our position with respect to the indefinite reinvestment of earnings on our Italian parent sub-holding company, the estimated deferred tax effects would be $10.5 million as of December 31, 2018.


Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes


A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefits is as follows: 
December 31,
 December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
($ in millions)($ in millions)202120202019
Balance at beginning of year 20,975
 14,340
 37,370
Balance at beginning of year27 29 27 
Additions to tax positions - current year 11,947
 479
 423
Additions to tax positions - current year— 
Additions to tax positions - prior years 16,973
 7,503
 1,718
Additions to tax positions - prior years— — 
Reductions to tax positions - current year 
 (893) (652)
Reductions to tax positions - prior years (4,610) (41) (12,755)Reductions to tax positions - prior years(1)(2)— 
Settlements (17,238) 
 (8,750)
Lapses in statutes of limitations (1,412) (413) (3,014)Lapses in statutes of limitations— (1)(1)
Balance at end of year 26,635
 20,975
 14,340
Balance at end of year27 27 29 
 
At December 31, 2018, 20172021, 2020, and 2016, $26.62019, $27 million, $16.6$27 million, and $10.8$29 million, respectively, of the unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would affect our effective tax rates.

We recognize interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters in the provisionincome tax expense. The charges were nominal for income taxes. For 2018, 20172021 and 2016,2020. In 2019, we recognized $0.7$5 million $12.1 million and $(0.1) million, respectively, in interest expense, penalties, and inflationary adjustments. At December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, theThe gross balance of accrued interest and penalties was $16.4$21 million $15.7 millionat December 31, 2021 and $3.6 million, respectively.2020.

Unrecognized tax benefits increased during 2018 and 2017 as a result of various international tax audits. Unrecognized tax benefits decreased during 2016 as a result of the settlement with the IRS. For 2016, the additions to unrecognized tax benefits related to the current year are primarily attributable to U.S. tax issues.



We file income tax returns in various jurisdictions of which the United Kingdom, United States, and Italy represent the major tax jurisdictions. All years prior to calendar year 20152017 are closed with the IRS.Internal Revenue Service. As of December 31, 2018,2021, we are subject to income tax audits in various tax jurisdictions globally, most significantly in Mexico and Italy.


Mexico Tax Audit


In November 2012,Based on a 2006 tax examination, the Company’s Mexican subsidiary, GTECH Mexico S.A. de C.V. ("GTECH Mexico") concluded a tax audit related to tax year 2006. This conclusion resulted in a, was issued an income tax assessment of approximately 424 million Mexican Pesos, including interest, inflationary adjustmentspeso (“MXN”) 425 million. The assessment relates to the denial of a deduction for cost of goods sold and penalties.the taxation of intercompany loan proceeds. The Company has unsuccessfully contested the 2 issues in the Mexican court system receiving unfavorable decisions by the Mexican Supreme Court in June 2017 and October 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2018, this assessment2021, based on the unfavorable decisions received, the Company has increased asrecorded a resultliability of MXN 469 million (approximately $23 million), inclusive of additional interest, penalties, and inflationary adjustments, to 539 million Mexican Pesos. The Mexico assessment primarily relates to the deductibility of cost of goods sold (approximately 65% of the updated total assessment) and to intercompany loan proceeds being treated as taxable income. GTECH Mexico filed appeals of the different components of the assessment and on the issue of the deductibility of cost of goods sold. The Supreme Court ruled against us in 2017. As a result of this loss, an accrual in the amount of 354.8 million Mexican Pesos ($18.1 million at the December 31, 2018 exchange rate) was recorded to income taxes payablewhich is reported within other non-current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018. The other tax issues are still being addressed in the courts in Mexico. sheet.


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Italy Tax Audits


The Company’s Italian corporate income tax returns for the calendar years ended December 31, 2015 through December 31, 2019 are under examination. On October 19, 2020, the Italian tax authorities issued a final audit report for calendar year 2015. The Company filed a defense memorandum with the Italian Tax Authorities on May 29, 2021 rejecting all findings. On December 21, 2017 and on March 29, 2018,9, 2021, the Company received a tax assessment notice for €15 million relating to calendar year 2015. On February 9, 2022, the Company submitted a voluntary settlement request which entitles the Company to an automatic 90 day extension. The extension will allow the Italian Tax Authority issued ato re-examine the preliminary tax audit report for the 2014 and 2015 fiscal years, respectively. Both audit reports related to the reorganizationconclusions of the Italian business and the merger of GTECH S.p.A. with and into the Parent effective from April 7, 2015, addressing (i) the non-deductibility of certain transaction costs, (ii) withholding taxes on bridge facility fees, and (iii) the redetermination of the taxable gains associated with the reorganization of the Italian business. The total income tax assessment for fiscal 2014 and fiscal 2015 was €13.2 million ($16.7 million), which has been settled and fully paid with the Italian Tax Authority as of December 31, 2018.

16.Employee Benefit Plans
Defined Contribution Plan
We maintain a salary deferral 401(k) plan that allows eligible employees to contribute a portion of their base pay up to the IRS prescribed limit. We match a portion of the employee’s contribution. Employee and Company matching contributions vest immediately. We recognized expense related to the matching contribution of $13.6 million, $13.8 million and $13.7 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Defined Benefit Plan
We have a defined benefit plan to provide certain post-employment benefits to Italian employees following termination from the Company. These employees may choose to participate in an unfunded plan within the Company or transfer their plan balance to independent external funds. These benefits are funded only to the extent paid to external funds. The cost of providing benefits under the plan, for those employees that participate in the unfunded plan within the Company, is determined using the projected unit credit actuarial valuation method. The cost of providing benefits for those employees that choose to transfer their plan to independent external funds are considered as defined contributions and are accrued as the employees render the related service. Net benefit expense was $8.4 million, $8.1 million and $8.8 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The present value of the defined benefit obligation was $11.5 million, $12.3 million and $11.3 million at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

17.Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments
Lease Commitments
Rent and lease expense was $118.5 million, $106.1 million and $95.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and included contingent rent payments of $28.7 million, $24.2 million and $23.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The future minimum lease payments for the remaining non-cancellable term of our leases at December 31, 2018 are as follows ($ thousands): 
Year Operating Capital Total
2019 69,690
 8,946
 78,636
2020 56,204
 8,304
 64,508
2021 46,092
 7,499
 53,591
2022 41,324
 5,809
 47,133
2023 38,155
 6,097
 44,252
Thereafter 204,216
 2,978
 207,194
Total future minimum lease payments 455,681
 39,633
 495,314
Less imputed interest  
 (9,529)  
Present value of future minimum lease payments  
 30,104
  

Facility Lease
We have a lease for a facility in Providence, Rhode Island. We have the right to terminate the lease after June 30, 2023 if our FMC with the State of Rhode Island is not renewed, in exchange for a termination fee equal to six months of base rent plus operating expenses. The lease includes two 10-year extension options. We have the unilateral right to extend the lease under the two extension options under the same terms as in the initial term. We may not assign the lease or sublease our portion of the facility without the lessor’s approval, which is not to be unreasonably withheld. The lease has been accounted for under the build-to-suit guidance because we were considered the owner of the facility during the construction period.police. At the end of the construction90 day extension period, if the transaction did not qualify for sale-leaseback accounting because we had continuing involvement. Therefore, we carry the entire cost of the facility as an asset with an offsetting liability that is reduced over time under the financing method. The facility is depreciated over its useful life of 40 years. The asset associated with this lease, which is classified as PPE in the consolidated balance sheets, is carried at a cost of $55.6 million with accumulated depreciation of $17.0 million at December 31, 2018. The liability and the net book value of the asset will be $32.5 million at the end of the non-cancellable lease term. The total future minimum lease payments of $18.8 million for this lease are included within the capital lease section of the table above.

Sale and Leaseback Transactions

On March 29, 2017, we entered into a sale-leaseback transaction for our main manufacturing and production facility located in Reno, Nevada. The transaction included a 15.5 year initial lease term, with four 5-year additional renewal periods exercisable at our option, 3% annual rent increases, and payment and performance guarantees. Rent expense was $13.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2018.

The transaction is accounted for as an operating lease, and future minimum lease payments of $186.6 million are included in the operating lease section in the table above.

Communication Equipment Capital Leases
We have capital leases for certain communication equipment that is primarily used to provide services under our FMCs and LMAs. These leases expire between 2019 and 2028. The leases have options to extend and options to purchase the equipment, andparties do not contain escalation clauses. The future minimum lease payments of $20.8 million for these leases are included withinreach a settlement the capital lease section inCompany retains the table above. The assets associated with these leases, which are classified as Systems & Equipment inright to appeal the consolidated balance sheets, are carried at a cost of $36.2 million with accumulated amortization of $19.1 million at December 31, 2018. Amortization of capital lease assets is included in depreciation expense within cost of services in our consolidated statements of operations.tax assessment before the first degree Tax Court.



18.Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

Jackpot Commitments

Jackpot liabilities are recorded as current and non-current liabilities as follows: 
($ thousands)in millions)December 31, 20182021
Current liabilities76,19166 
Non-current liabilities178,376130 
254,567196 

Future jackpot paymentsliabilities as of December 31, 2021 are due as follows ($ thousands):follows: 
Year Previous Winners Future Winners Total
2019 34,179
 41,865
 76,044
2020 29,119
 9,882
 39,001
2021 24,755
 709
 25,464
2022 21,982
 709
 22,691
2023 19,717
 709
 20,426
Thereafter 105,418
 10,641
 116,059
Future jackpot payments due 235,170
 64,515
 299,685
Unamortized discounts  
  
 (45,118)
Total jackpot liabilities  
  
 254,567
Other Commitments

Yeonama Holdings Co. Limited

In 2013, we invested €19.8 million in Yeonama Holdings Co. Limited ("Yeonama"), a shareholder in Emma Delta Limited, the fund that holds a 33% interest in OPAP S.A. ("OPAP"), the Greek gaming and sports betting operator, with a commitment to invest up to an additional €10.2 million. In the first quarter of 2018, our commitment was reduced from €10.2 million to €1.5 million ($1.7 million at the December 31, 2018 exchange rate) in Yeonama, representing a total potential €21.3 million ($24.4 million at the December 31, 2018 exchange rate) investment.

Contingencies
($ in millions)Previous WinnersFuture WinnersTotal
202225 41 66 
202320 10 31 
202418 18 
202515 16 
202613 13 
Thereafter72 79 
Future jackpot payments due163 60 223 
Unamortized discounts  (27)
Total jackpot liabilities  196 
 
Performance and other bonds
 
In connection with certainCertain contracts and procurements, we have deliveredrequire us to provide a surety bond as a guarantee of performance bonds for the benefit of customers andcustomers; bid and litigation bonds for the benefit of potential customers. customers; and WAP bonds that are used to secure our financial liability when a player elects to have their WAP jackpot winnings paid over an extended period of time.

These bonds give the beneficiarybeneficiaries the right to obtain payment and/or performance from the issuer of the bond if certain specified events occur. In the case of performance bonds, which generally have a term of one year, such events include our failure to perform our obligations under the applicable contract. The following table provides information related to potential commitmentscontracts. In general, we would only be liable for bonds outstanding at December 31, 2018: 
($ thousands)Total bonds
Performance bonds480,744
Wide Area Progressive bonds240,560
Bid and litigation bonds38,411
All other bonds3,154
762,869

Guarantees and Indemnifications
Loxley GTECH Technology Co., LTD Guarantee
We have a 49% interestthese guarantees in Loxley GTECH Technology Co., LTD ("LGT"). LGTthe event of default in our performance of our obligations under each contract, the probability of which we believe is a joint venture that was formed to provide an online lottery system in Thailand.

We have guaranteed, along with the 51% shareholder in LGT, performance bonds provided on behalf of LGT by an unrelated commercial lender. The performance bonds relate to LGT’s performance under the July 2005 contract between the Government Lottery Office of Thailand and LGT should such contract become operational. We are jointly and severally liable with the other shareholder in LGT for this guarantee. There isremote. Accordingly, no scheduled termination date for our guarantee obligation. At December 31, 2018, the maximum liability under the guarantee was Baht 375 million ($11.6 million). We do not have any obligation related to this guarantee because the July 2005 contract to provide the online lottery system is not in operation due to continuing political instability in Thailand.

Zest Gaming Contingent Consideration

On July 25, 2017, we acquired the video bingo subsidiaries and related operating assets of Zest Gaming S.r.l., a leading supplier of multi-card video bingo solutions headquartered in Italy. The acquisition consideration included a fair value estimate of contingent consideration related to existing operations for the twelve month period ending June 30, 2018. Ashas been recorded as of December 31, 2017, the contingent consideration was remeasured2021 and a €2.6 million ($3.1 million) gain was recorded within selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements2020 related to these bonds.

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Table of operations. Upon the conclusion of the contingent consideration period, the threshold for the earn out calculation was not met. The related liability was remeasured and a €6.5 million ($7.5 million) gain was recorded within selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.Contents
Legal Proceedings


From time to time, the Parent and/or one or more of its subsidiaries are party to legal, regulatory, or administrative proceedings regarding, among other matters, claims by and against us, and injunctions by third parties arising out of the ordinary course of business. Licenses are also subject to legal challenges by competitors including Sisal and Stanley International Betting Limited, seeking to annul awards made to the Company. The Parent and/or one or more of its subsidiaries are also, from time to time, subjects of, or parties to, ethics and compliance inquiries and investigations related to the Company’s ongoing operations. Legal proceedings can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. Moreover, the results of legal proceedings are often difficult to predict and our view of these matters may change as the related proceedings and events unfold. At December 31, 2018,2021, provisions for litigation matters amounted to $12.0$4 million. With respect to litigation and other legal proceedings where we have determined that aan incremental loss is reasonably possible but we are unable to determine an estimate the amount or range of that reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts already accrued, no additional amounts have been accrued, given the uncertainties of litigation and the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings.

Texas Fun 5’s Instant Ticket Game


Five lawsuits have been filed against IGT Global Solutions Corporation (f/k/a(formerly GTECH Corporation) is party to 4 lawsuits in Texas state court arising out of the Fun 5’s instant ticket game sold by the Texas Lottery Commission ("TLC"(“TLC”) from September 14, 2014 to October 21, 2014. Plaintiffs allege each ticket’s instruction for Game 5 provided a 5x win (five(5 times the prize box amount) any time the "Money Bag"“Money Bag” symbol was revealed in the "5X BOX"“5X BOX”. However, TLC awarded a 5x win only when (1) the "Money Bag"“Money Bag” symbol was revealed and (2) three3 symbols in a pattern were revealed.


(a)
Steele, James et al. v. GTECH Corp., filed on December 9, 2014, in Travis County (No. D1GN145114). Through intervenor actions, over 1,200 plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $500.0 million. GTECH Corporation’s plea to the jurisdiction for dismissal based on sovereign immunity was denied. GTECH Corporation appealed. The appellate court ordered that plaintiffs' sole remaining claim should be reconsidered. On April 27, 2018, IGT Global Solutions Corporation petitioned for Texas Supreme Court review and the Texas Supreme Court has requested briefs. 
(b)
Nettles, Dawn v. GTECH Corp. et al., filed on January 7, 2015, in Dallas County (No. 051501559CV). Plaintiff claims damages in excess of $4.0 million. GTECH Corporation and the Texas Lottery Commission won pleas to the jurisdiction for dismissal based on sovereign immunity. Plaintiff lost her appeal and petitioned for Texas Supreme Court review. The Texas Supreme Court has requested briefs.
(c)
Guerra, Esmeralda v. GTECH Corp. et al., filed on June 10, 2016, in Hidalgo County (No. C277716B). Plaintiff claims damages in excess of $0.5 million.
(d)
Wiggins, Mario & Kimberly v. IGT Global Solutions Corp., filed on September 15, 2016, in Travis County (No. D1GN16004344). Plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $1.0 million.
(e)
Campos, Osvaldo Guadalupe et al. v. GTECH Corp., filed on October 20, 2016, in Travis County (No. D1GN16005300). Plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $1.0 million.

(a)Steele, James et al. v. GTECH Corp., filed on December 9, 2014 in Travis County (No. D1GN145114). Through intervenor actions, over 1,200 plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $500 million. GTECH Corporation’s plea to the jurisdiction for dismissal based on sovereign immunity was denied. GTECH Corporation appealed. The appellate court ordered that plaintiffs’ sole remaining claim should be reconsidered. On April 27, 2018, this and a related matter were appealed to the Texas Supreme Court, which heard arguments on December 3, 2019.On June 12, 2020, the Texas Supreme Court ruled that Plaintiffs’ could proceed with their fraud allegations in the lower court; all other claims were dismissed. On March 26, 2021, October 29, 2021 and February 3, 2022 (2 motions), GTECH Corporation filed motions for summary judgment. NaN such motion was denied on February 25, 2022, while the other 3 remain pending.
(b)Guerra, Esmeralda v. GTECH Corp. et al., filed on June 10, 2016 in Hidalgo County (No. C277716B). Plaintiff claims damages in excess of $0.5 million.
(c)Wiggins, Mario & Kimberly v. IGT Global Solutions Corp., filed on September 7, 2016 in Travis County (No. D1GN16004344). Plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $1 million.
(d)Campos, Osvaldo Guadalupe et al. v. GTECH Corp., filed on October 20, 2016 in Travis County (No. D1GN16005300). Plaintiffs claim damages in excess of $1 million.

We dispute the claims made in each of these cases and continue to defend against these lawsuits.



Adrienne Benson and Mary Simonson, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated v. Double Down Interactive LLC, et al.
Illinois State Lottery

On February 2, 2017,April 9, 2018, a plaintiff, Adrienne Benson, filed a putative class representatives of retailersaction against the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, International Game Technology, and lottery ticket purchasers alleged the Illinois Lottery collected millions of dollars from sales of instant ticket games and wrongfully ended certain games before all top prizes had been sold. Raqqa, Inc. et al. v. Northstar Lottery Group, LLC., was filed in Illinois state court, St. Clair County (No. 17L51) against Northstar Lottery GroupDouble Down Interactive LLC, a consortiumWashington limited liability company in which the Parent indirectly holds an 80% controlling interest. The claims include tortious interference with contract, violations of Illinois Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Practices Act, and unjust enrichment. The lawsuit was removed to the U.S.United States District Court for the SouthernWestern District of Illinois. Washington. On July 23, 2018, plaintiff filed a first amended complaint, adding named plaintiff Mary Simonson, and adding allegations to represent a putative class of all persons in the United States who purchased and allegedly lost virtual “chips” while playing games through an online gaming platform called Double Down Casino, which at all times has been operated by Double Down Interactive LLC. On April 26, 2021, plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint naming IGT, a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Game Technology, as an additional defendant. Plaintiffs have asserted claims for alleged violations of Washington’s Recovery of Money Lost at Gambling Act, Washington’s Consumer Protection Act, and for unjust enrichment, and seeks unspecified money damages (including treble damages as appropriate), the award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs, pre- and post-judgment interest, and injunctive and/or declaratory relief.

International Game Technology acquired Double Down Interactive LLC in 2012 and, effective June 1, 2017, sold Double Down Interactive LLC to DoubleU Games pursuant to a purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”). At all times relevant, Double Down Interactive LLC was the sole operator of the Double Down Casino, and International Game Technology asserts, among other defenses, that it has no liability for the actions of a bona fide subsidiary.

F-49

On May 9,10, 2018, IGT Global Solutions CorporationDouble Down Interactive LLC and Scientific GamesDoubleU Diamond LLC sent a claim notice (the “DDI Claim Notice”) to International Inc. were added as defendants.Game Technology seeking indemnification and reimbursement of defense costs for all claims against Double U Diamond LLC and its affiliates (the “DoubleU Entities”) in the Benson matter, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement. On March 15, 2017, a second lawsuit, Atteberry, Dennis et al. v. Northstar Lottery Group, LLC, was filed in Illinois state court, Cook County (No. 2017CHO3755) seeking damages onJune 7, 2018, International Game Technology responded to the same matter. We dispute the claims made in both cases and continueDDI Claim Notice, rejecting any obligation to defend against these lawsuits.

Mexican Inventory Tax

The Mexican Tax Administration Service levied an assessment of income tax, VAT, profit sharing, interest and penalties on GTECH Mexico for the 2006 fiscal year that, as at December 31, 2018, amounted to 539 million Mexican Pesos. Approximately 65%indemnify or pay defense costs of the assessment relatesDoubleU Entities, and sent a claim notice to DoubleU Diamond LLC for indemnification and reimbursement of defense costs for all claims against International Game Technology in the Benson matter pursuant to the terms of certain agreements with DoubleU Diamond LLC.

On June 17, 2021, IGT sent a claim notice to DoubleU Diamond LLC for indemnification and reimbursement of defense costs for all claims against IGT in the Benson matter pursuant to the terms of certain agreements with DoubleU Diamond LLC.

On August 20, 2018, International Game Technology filed a motion to compel arbitration under the Federal Arbitration Act. The denial of the deductibility of cost of goods sold ("cost of goods sold deduction") by GTECH Mexico to its parent and the remaining assessment relates primarily to intercompany loan proceeds (treated as taxable income) received from GTECH Mexico’s parent. Although lower courts upheld the assessment, the Mexican Appellate Court ruled the loan proceeds non-taxable, but denied our cost of goods sold deduction. The Mexican Supreme Court upheld the Appellate Court’s ruling that the cost of goods sold deduction would not apply. As a result of this loss, an accrual in the amount of 354.8 million Mexican Pesos ($18.1 million at the December 31, 2018 exchange rate)motion was recorded to income taxes payable in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018. GTECH Mexico filed a constitutional appeal on November 23, 2017. The other tax issues are still being addressed in the courts in Mexico. We maintain that the assessment is without merit. For a further discussion of the cost of goods sold deduction tax issue, refer to Note 15, Income Taxes.

Previously Disclosed Matters

Set forth below are legal proceedings that were previously disclosed and for which we determined will not have a material impact on our operations, financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.

Brazil ICMS Tax
Since 1997, GTECH Brazil has paid ISS service taxes on its revenues derived from its lottery contract with Caixa Eonomica Federal. On July 26, 2005, the State of São Paulo challenged this tax classification, claiming the higher ICMS tax (Brazilian VAT) should have been applied on the value of printing ribbons, rolls of paper, and wagering slips ("Consumables") distributed to lottery outlets. On February 27, 2017, the Brazilian court ruled that rolls of paper and wagering slips were not subject to ICMS, but printing ribbons were, although at a lower tax rate than the São Paulo tax authorities had applied. Both parties appealed the respective unfavorable aspects of the lower court’s ruling to the Court of Appeals. On March 7, 2018, theUnited States Court of Appeals ruledfor the Ninth Circuit, which in GTECH Brazil’s favor with respectturn affirmed the district court by mandate effective February 20, 2020.

International Game Technology filed an answer to the first amended complaint on January 18, 2019, and an answer to the second amended complaint on May 10, 2021, continuing to deny all material allegations of liability and damages, and further denying that International Game Technology was responsible for the operation of the Double Down Casino. International Game Technology amended its petitionanswer to also exclude the printer ribbonsfirst amended complaint on April 21, 2021. IGT filed a motion to dismiss the second amended complaint on May 18, 2021, which remains pending.

International Game Technology moved to certify the liability questions to the Washington State Supreme Court, which was denied on August 11, 2020. International Game Technology’s motion to reconsider the question of certification was denied on January 15, 2021.

On August 13, 2020, International Game Technology filed a motion to strike the nationwide class allegations from the ICMS tax. The Courtamended complaint, which was denied on March 19, 2021.

On September 10, 2020, International Game Technology filed a motion to dismiss and stay the case on the grounds that the federal court should abstain from deciding the liability questions under Washington law. That motion was denied on March 24, 2021. On February 25, 2021, plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification and for preliminary injunction, which remains pending, and has not been set for hearing.

Discovery closed on August 24, 2021. Before the close of Appeals also ruled against the petition of the tax authority to reverse the lower court’s ruling to exclude rolls of paper and wagering slips from ICMS tax. The Brazilian tax authority has appealed the Court of Appeals' rulings in favor of GTECH Brazil. The proceedings are likelydiscovery, plaintiffs filed motions for leave to take several years,additional depositions and we have determinedto make expert disclosures that a ruling adverseremain pending.

There is currently no trial date set for this matter.

International Game Technology is vigorously pursuing its defenses. We are currently unable to us will not have a material impact on our operations, financial position, liquidity,estimate the amount or resultsrange of operations.reasonably possible loss.



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18.Shareholders’ Equity

Table of Contents
19.Shareholders’ Equity
 
Shares Authorized and Outstanding
 
The Board of Directors of the Parent (the "Board"“Board”) is authorized tomay issue shares of any class in the capital of the Parent. The authorized ordinary shares of the Parent consistsupon shareholder approval. At the Parent’s 2021 annual general meeting, the shareholders authorized the issuance of 1.850 billionup to 136.6 million additional ordinary shares (of which 68.3 million can be issued in connection with an offer by way of rights issue), with a par value of $0.10 per share, par value.for a period expiring at the end of the 2022 annual general meeting, or, if sooner, on August 10, 2022, unless previously revoked, varied, or renewed.

Ordinary shares of common stock outstanding were as follows:
 December 31,
 202120202019
Balance at beginning of year204,856,564 204,435,333 204,210,731 
Shares issued under restricted stock plans331,554 421,231 224,602 
Repurchases of common stock(1,500,000)— — 
Balance at end of year203,688,118 204,856,564 204,435,333 
  December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
Balance at beginning of year 203,446,572
 202,285,166
 200,244,239
Shares issued under restricted stock plans 619,614
 947,709
 1,080,532
Shares issued upon exercise of stock options 144,545
 213,697
 960,395
Balance at end of year 204,210,731
 203,446,572
 202,285,166

Share Repurchase Program
Repurchases
On November 15, 2021, the Board authorized a share repurchase program (the “Program”) pursuant to which the Company may repurchase up to $300 million of Ordinary Shares

The Parent has the Parent’s outstanding ordinary shares during a period of four years commencing on November 18, 2021. At the Parent’s 2021 annual general meeting, the Parent’s shareholders granted authority to repurchase, subject to a maximum repurchase price, a maximum of 20%up to 20,485,656 of the aggregate issued share capital ofParent’s ordinary shares as of April 7, 2015.shares. This authority will expire on July 28, 2020.remains valid until November 10, 2022, unless previously revoked, varied, or renewed at the Parent’s 2022 annual general meeting.


The Parent did not repurchase any of itsrepurchases ordinary shares under the Program at the market price on the trade date and the Parent cancels repurchased ordinary shares or holds them in treasury. If the Parent holds repurchased ordinary shares in 2018, 2017treasury, all amounts paid to repurchase such shares have been recorded as treasury stock in our consolidated balance sheets until they are reissued or 2016.retired. Under the Program, the Parent repurchased 1.5 million ordinary shares for $41 million during 2021.


For the period January 1, 2022 to February 25, 2022, the Parent repurchased 937,758 ordinary shares for $26 million under the Program.

Dividends
 
We declared a $0.20 cash dividendsdividend per share during the periods presented as follows: 
Per share amount ($) 2018 2017 2016
First Quarter 0.20
 0.20
 0.20
Second Quarter 0.20
 0.20
 0.20
Third Quarter 0.20
 0.20
 0.20
Fourth Quarter 0.20
 0.20
 0.20
Total cash dividends declared 0.80
 0.80
 0.80
fourth quarter of 2021, the first quarter of 2020, and all four quarters of 2019.
 
Future dividends are subject to Board approval.
The RCFTLF Agreement and Term Loan Facilitythe RCF Agreement limit the aggregate amount ofthat the Parent can pay with respect to dividends and repurchases of the Parent's ordinary shares in each year to $300 million based on our current ratings by Moody’s and S&P provided that&P. As discussed in Note 15 - Debt, in May 2020, the ratio of the sum of total net debt and the aggregate amount ofCompany entered into amendments to these agreements which prohibited dividends and repurchases to EBITDA does not exceed:of ordinary shares through June 30, 2021.
95%
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Table of the applicable ratio of total net debt to EBITDA with respect to the fourth quarter of 2018 and each quarter of 2019; andContents
90% of the applicable ratio of total net debt to EBITDA for each quarter thereafter.


Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The following table details the changes in AOCI: 
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on:AOCI
($ in millions)Foreign
Currency
Translation
HedgesOtherTotalAttributable 
to non-controlling
interests
Attributable to IGT PLC
Balance at December 31, 2018247 (7)242 20 262 
Change during period(18)— (15)16 
Reclassified to operations (1)
(2)— (1)— (1)
Tax effect— — — — 
Other comprehensive (loss) income(17)(1)(15)16 
Balance at December 31, 2019231 (8)227 36 263 
Change during period128 (1)— 127 (59)68 
Reclassified to operations (1)
(1)— — (1)— (1)
Other comprehensive income (loss)128 (1)— 127 (59)67 
Balance at December 31, 2020358 (9)353 (24)330 
Change during period(1)11 51 62 
Reclassified to operations (1)
19 — 20 21 
Tax effect— (1)— — — — 
Other comprehensive income (loss)28 (1)30 52 82 
Balance at December 31, 2021387 (6)384 28 412 
    Unrealized Gain (Loss) on:   
Less: OCI attributable 
to non-controlling
interests
 
Total
AOCI
attributable to
IGT PLC
  
Foreign
Currency
Translation
 
Cash
Flow
Hedges
 
Hedge of
Net
Investment
 
Available
for Sale
Securities
 
Defined
Benefit
Plans
 
Share of
OCI of
Associate
  
Balance at December 31, 2015 204,186
 387
 (4,563) (1,286) (4,127) (748) 989
 194,838
Change during period (49,881) 8,351
 
 8,772
 (682) 
 (203) (33,643)
Reclassified to operations 118
 (5,218) 
 
 
 
 
 (5,100)
Tax effect 373
 (615) (15) 4,723
 82
 
 
 4,548
OCI (49,390) 2,518
 (15) 13,495
 (600) 
 (203) (34,195)
Balance at December 31, 2016 154,796
 2,905
 (4,578) 12,209
 (4,727) (748) 786
 160,643
Change during period 182,791
 (6,610) 
 (678) (120) 
 463
 175,846
Reclassified to operations 
 1,744
 
 
 
 
 
 1,744
Tax effect 559
 1,312
 
 57
 8
 
 
 1,936
OCI 183,350
 (3,554) 
 (621) (112) 
 463
 179,526
Balance at December 31, 2017 338,146
 (649) (4,578) 11,588
 (4,839) (748) 1,249
 340,169
Change during period (90,309) (163) 
 (5,408) 429
 
 18,691
 (76,760)
Reclassified to operations (4,254) 536
 
 
 
 
 
 (3,718)
Tax effect 3,779
 (964) (940) 15
 (44) 
 
 1,846
OCI (90,784) (591) (940) (5,393) 385
 
 18,691
 (78,632)
Balance at December 31, 2018 247,362
 (1,240) (5,518) 6,195
 (4,454) (748) 19,940
 261,537
For(1) Foreign currency translation of approximately $19 million was reclassified into gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. Other foreign currency translation adjustments related to liquidated subsidiaries were reclassified into foreign exchange (gain) loss, net on the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 20172020 and 2016, $0.5 million, $1.7 million, and $(5.2) million, respectively,2019. Unrealized gain (loss) on hedges were reclassified from AOCI into service revenue inon the consolidated statements of operations.operations for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2019.


20.Variable Interest Entities

We hold ownership interests in the following variable interest entities (“VIEs”):
19.Non-Controlling Interests

Non-controlling interests’ share of equity in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets was $944.0 million and $349.9 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2018 our material non-controlling interests were as follows: 
Name of subsidiary
% Ownership held
by
the Company
Lottoitalia S.r.l. (“Lottoitalia”)61.50 %
Lotterie Nazionali S.r.l. ("LN"(“LN”)64.00%
Northstar New Jersey Lottery Group, LLC ("(“Northstar NJ"NJ”)(1)
82.31%
Lottoitalia S.r.l. ("Lottoitalia")61.50%
(1) Northstar New Jersey Holding Company LLC, of which we are a 50.15% shareholder, holds the 82.31% ownership in Northstar NJ.

Lottoitalia holds a license to operate the Lotto game in Italy through November 2025. LN holds a license to operate the Scratch & Win licenseinstant lottery game in Italy. In December 2017, the Italian regulator exercised a nine-year contract extension option for the Scratch & Win license, extending the licenseItaly through September 2028. LN was required to pay an upfront license fee of €800 million related to the extension, of which €50 million ($59.3 million) was paid in December 2017 and the remaining €750 million ($878.1 million) was paid in 2018.
Northstar NJ is a consolidated joint venture which is party to an agreement with the State of New Jersey, Department of the Treasury, Division of Purchase and Property and Division of Lottery (the "Division of Lottery") where Northstar NJ manages a wide range of the Divisionlottery’s day-to-day operations in the State of Lottery’sNew Jersey, as well as provides marketing and sales and related functions.

Lottoitalia holdsservices under a license for the operation of the Italian Gioco del Lotto game (the "Lotto License"). In March 2016, the Parent,valid through its subsidiary Lottomatica Holding S.r.l. ("Lottomatica"), Italian Gaming Holding a.s. ("IGH"), Arianna 2001 S.p.A. and Novomatic Italia S.p.A. (collectively the "Members") entered into a consortium ("Lottoitalia") to bid on the Lotto License. In May 2016, Lottoitalia was awarded management of the Lotto License for a nine-year term. Under the terms of the consortium agreement, Lottomatica isJune 2029.

We are the principal operating partner fulfilling the requirements ofunder the Lotto License.

In 2016 and 2017,licenses held by the Members made capital contributions to Lottoitalia totaling €908.2 million on a pro rata basis based on each party’s equity ownership interest. These contributions financed €770.0 million in upfront license payments and upgrades to the technological infrastructure supporting the Lotto License. The upfront license payments made in 2016 and 2017 were as follows:

Year Paid  $
2016 600.0
 665.3
2017 170.0
 185.4
  770.0
 850.7

Ownership in Lottoitalia at December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:
Name of entity% Ownership
Lottomatica61.50%
IGH32.50%
Arianna 2001 S.p.A.4.00%
Novomatic Italia S.p.A.2.00%

All annual profits of Lottoitalia are distributed to the Members within five business days of the approval of its annual financial statements. In addition, quarterly for a period of nine years beginning in 2017, Lottoitalia makes equal distributions of cash to the Members in an aggregate amount equal to that additional paid in surplus but excluding any reserves deriving from profits or retained earnings generated in previous quarters ("return of capital"). Each distribution of annual profits and return of capital will be made pro rata to the Members' ownership interest in Lottoitalia.

In connection with the formation of Lottoitalia, Lottomatica entered into an agreement with IGH in May 2016, which contains a deadlock put/call option in which IGH has the right, at its discretion, to sell its interest in Lottoitalia to Lottomatica and Lottomatica has a reciprocal call right, in the event of certain specified events as defined in the agreement. The put/call options expire 60 days following written notice by either party following the applicable event. The strike price of the options is determined based on a specified formula as defined in the agreement.

The agreement with IGH also contained an underperformance put option within the control of IGH. On April 3, 2018, the underperformance put option expired unexercised and the redeemable non-controlling interest of $377.2 million (which included $20.3 million of income allocated to IGH during the first quarter of 2018) was reclassified to non-controlling interest within shareholders' equity.

The following table reconciles the activity in IGH's redeemable non-controlling interest in 2017:
For the year ended
December 31,
($ thousands)2017
Balance at beginning of year223,141
Capital contribution107,457
Income allocated to IGH65,665
Dividend paid(7,307)
Return of capital(32,039)
Balance at end of year356,917


20.Variable Interest Entities

We consolidate variable interest entities ("VIE") in which we are the primary beneficiary. In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we evaluate whetherVIEs. As such, we have the power to direct the activities ofthat significantly affect the VIE that most significantly impactVIEs’ economic performance, and whether we havealong with the right to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

We consolidate VIEs becauseVIEs. As a result, we haveconcluded we are the power to direct the activities that significantly affectprimary beneficiary of the VIEs economic performance, typically because of our role asand they have been consolidated. Accordingly, the principalbalance sheet and operating partner for the VIE, and becauseactivity of the risk and rewards of our investment. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017,VIEs are included in our consolidated VIEs consistfinancial statements and we adjust the net income (loss) in our consolidated statement of LN, Northstar NJ, and Lottoitalia.operations to exclude the non-controlling interests’ proportionate share of results. We present the proportionate share of non-controlling interests as equity in the consolidated balance sheets.


F-52

The carrying amounts and classification of the VIE'sthese VIEs’ assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 20182021 and 20172020 are as follows:
December 31,
($ in millions)20212020
Current assets1,124 1,087 
Non-current assets1,217 1,556 
Total assets2,341 2,643 
Total liabilities615 708 

21.Segment Information
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
Current assets 890,664
 773,272
Non-current assets 1,924,277
 2,261,916
Total assets 2,814,941
 3,035,188
     
Total liabilities 389,853
 1,356,207


During the third quarter of 2021, we modified the information that our chief operating decision maker, who was also our Chief Executive Officer, regularly reviewed for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance, prompting a change in management, operating segments, and reporting units. As a result, on September 1, 2021, we established a dedicated Digital & Betting business segment, comprising our iGaming and sports betting activities that were previously included within our Global Gaming business segment. Beginning in the third quarter of 2021, we report our financial performance based on 3 business segments: Global Lottery, Global Gaming, and Digital & Betting, and analyze revenue by segment as well as operating income as the measure of segment profitability. As such, we have recast our historically presented comparative segment information to conform to the way we internally manage and monitor segment performance.


21.Segment Information
Through our 3 business segments, we operate and provide an integrated portfolio of innovative gaming technology products and services including online and instant lottery systems, iLottery, instant ticket printing, lottery management services, commercial services, gaming systems, electronic gaming machines, iGaming, and sports betting.

The structureGlobal Lottery segment has full responsibility for the worldwide traditional lottery and iLottery business, including sales, operations, product development, technology, and support. The Global Gaming segment has full responsibility for the worldwide land-based gaming business, including sales, product management, studios, global manufacturing, operations, and technology. The Digital & Betting segment has full responsibility for the worldwide iGaming and sports betting activities, that were previously part of our internal organizationGlobal Gaming segment.

Our 3 business segments are supported by central corporate support functions, including finance, people and transformation, legal, marketing and communications, corporate public affairs, and strategy and corporate development. Certain support costs that are identifiable and that benefit our business segments are allocated to them. Each allocation is customer-facing aligned around four segments operating in three regions as follows:
North America Gaming and Interactive
North America Lottery
International
Italy
We monitor the operating results of our segments separately for the purpose of making decisions about resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is evaluatedmeasured differently based on operating income. Segment accounting policies are consistent with thosethe specific facts and circumstances of the consolidated financial statements.

costs being allocated. Corporate support function expenses whichthat are not allocated to the business segments, which are principally composed of selling, general and administrative expenses, are reported as Corporate and otherOther expenses, that are managed at the corporate level, including restructuring, transaction, corporate headquartersalong with goodwill impairment and Board expenses.
Purchase accounting principally represents the depreciation and amortization of acquired tangible and intangible assets in connection with acquired companies.


Long-lived assetsGlobal Lottery

Our Global Lottery segment provides lottery products and services primarily to governmental organizations through operating contracts, facilities management contracts (“FMCs”), lottery management agreements (“LMAs”), and product sales contracts.

As part of our lottery product and services, we provide instant and draw-based lottery products, point-of-sale machines, central processing systems, software, commercial services, instant ticket printing services, and other related equipment and support services.

We categorize revenue from operating contracts, FMCs, and LMAs as “Operating and facilities management contracts” and revenue from commercial services, software hosting, software maintenance, and other services not included within operating contracts, FMCs, or LMAs as service revenue from “Systems, software, and other”. Revenue included within “Operating and facilities management contracts” include all services required by the contract, including iLottery and instant ticket printing.

We categorize sales or sales-type leases of lottery terminals, lottery systems, fixed-fee software licenses, and instant tickets not part of “Operating and facilities management contracts” as product sales from “Lottery products”.

F-53

Global Gaming

Our Global Gaming segment provides gaming products and services including software and game content, casino gaming management systems, video lottery terminals (“VLTs”), VLT central systems, and other related equipment and support services to commercial and tribal casino operators.

We categorize revenue from Wide Area Progressive services, and operating leases for VLTs and other gaming machines as service revenue from “Gaming terminal services”. We categorize sales or usage-based royalties promised in exchange for software intellectual property licenses, and systems as service revenue from “Systems, software, and other”.

Revenue from the sale or sales-type lease of gaming machines, systems, component parts, and other miscellaneous equipment and services are composedcategorized as product sales from “Gaming terminals” and revenue from systems, fixed-fee software licenses, casino gaming management systems, game content, and spare parts as product sales from “Other”.

Digital & Betting

Our Digital & Betting segment provides iGaming solutions by providing gaming operators a license to offer IGT remote game server games on operator websites and mobile applications. The segment also provides sports betting technology and services to commercial and tribal operators and lotteries in regulated markets, primarily in the U.S. We categorize revenue from iGaming and sports betting as service revenue from “Digital and betting services”. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we agreed to a perpetual license of Systems & Equipment and PPE.our legacy sports betting platform which is categorized as product sales from “Other”.


Segment information is as follows ($ thousands):  follows:
For the year ended December 31, 2021
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingBusiness Segment TotalCorporate and OtherTotal IGT PLC
Service revenue2,690 630 163 3,483 — 3,483 
Product sales123 482 606 — 606 
Total revenue2,812 1,112 165 4,089 — 4,089 
Operating income (loss)1,088 43 33 1,164 (262)902 
Depreciation and amortization225 126 15 366 160 526 
Expenditures for long-lived assets(123)(67)(13)(203)(6)(208)
For the year ended December 31, 2020
($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingBusiness Segment TotalCorporate and OtherTotal IGT PLC
Service revenue2,043 483 114 2,640 — 2,640 
Product sales121 354 476 — 476 
Total revenue2,164 837 115 3,115 — 3,115 
Operating income (loss)642 (212)436 (544)(107)
Depreciation and amortization231 146 15 392 175 566 
Expenditures for long-lived assets(149)(64)(11)(224)(2)(226)
F-54

For the year ended December 31, 2019
For the year ended
December 31, 2018
 
North
America
Gaming and
Interactive
 
North
America
Lottery
 International Italy 
Operating
Segment
Total
 
Corporate
Support
 
Purchase
Accounting
 Total
($ in millions)($ in millions)Global LotteryGlobal GamingDigital & BettingBusiness Segment TotalCorporate and OtherTotal IGT PLC
Service revenue 624,476
 1,111,069
 495,497
 1,814,549
 4,045,591
 
 723
 4,046,314
Service revenue2,183 842 76 3,101 — 3,101 
Product sales 378,693
 80,833
 324,486
 930
 784,942
 
 
 784,942
Product sales110 806 15 931 — 931 
Total revenue 1,003,169
 1,191,902
 819,983
 1,815,479
 4,830,533
 
 723
 4,831,256
Total revenue2,293 1,648 91 4,032 — 4,032 
                
Operating income (loss) 218,860
 296,527
 142,077
 541,254
 1,198,718
 (226,231) (325,496) 646,991
Operating income (loss)697 222 (43)877 (399)478 
Depreciation and amortization 105,295
 152,135
 62,688
 161,758
 481,876
 14,495
 209,089
 705,460
Depreciation and amortization225 173 18 416 198 614 
Expenditures for long-lived assets (150,440) (163,912) (60,456) (93,252) (468,060) (9,719) 
 (477,779)Expenditures for long-lived assets(167)(154)(13)(334)(8)(342)
Long-lived assets
(at year end)
 287,795
 717,223
 217,760
 366,997
 1,589,775
 
 
 1,589,775
Total assets (at year end) 3,655,694
 2,467,487
 2,807,234
 4,505,689
 13,436,104
 212,398
 
 13,648,502
For the year ended
December 31, 2017
 North
America
Gaming and
Interactive
 North
America
Lottery
 International Italy 
Operating
Segment
Total
 Corporate
Support
 Purchase
Accounting
 Total
Service revenue 780,633
 1,093,048
 557,049
 1,703,901
 4,134,631
 1,203
 722
 4,136,556
Product sales 377,065
 92,174
 332,015
 1,149
 802,403
 
 
 802,403
Total revenue 1,157,698
 1,185,222
 889,064
 1,705,050
 4,937,034
 1,203
 722
 4,938,959
                 
Operating income (loss) 278,963
 289,025
 163,799
 478,540
 1,210,327
 (197,089) (1,064,330) (51,092)
Depreciation and amortization 81,355
 129,517
 66,745
 161,484
 439,101
 11,554
 351,785
 802,440
Expenditures for long-lived assets (147,175) (204,104) (77,815) (188,013) (617,107) (3,964) 
 (621,071)
Long-lived assets
(at year end)
 271,833
 666,627
 292,962
 396,495
 1,627,917
 
 
 1,627,917
Total assets (at year end) 3,683,258
 2,460,676
 3,038,806
 4,900,130
 14,082,870
 1,076,338
 
 15,159,208
For the year ended
December 31, 2016
 North
America
Gaming and
Interactive
 North
America
Lottery
 International Italy 
Operating
Segment
Total
 Corporate
Support
 Purchase
Accounting
 Total
Service revenue 975,206
 1,128,306
 512,668
 1,759,843
 4,376,023
 
 (437) 4,375,586
Product sales 398,248
 65,269
 314,637
 1,295
 779,449
 
 (1,139) 778,310
Total revenue 1,373,454
 1,193,575
 827,305
 1,761,138
 5,155,472
 
 (1,576) 5,153,896
                 
Operating income (loss) 349,275
 299,182
 142,200
 583,504
 1,374,161
 (245,600) (468,125) 660,436
Depreciation and amortization 86,380
 143,941
 50,879
 150,736
 431,936
 12,481
 438,052
 882,469
Expenditures for long-lived assets (132,297) (148,641) (97,957) (91,834) (470,729) (3,460) 
 (474,189)
Long-lived assets
(at year end)
 394,233
 603,927
 284,276
 275,079
 1,557,515
 
 
 1,557,515
Total assets (at year end) 5,577,491
 2,396,557
 3,021,448
 3,724,856
 14,720,352
 339,810
 
 15,060,162

In connection with the June 2017 sale of DoubleDown, we recorded a $783.8 million reduction in assets in the North America Gaming and Interactive segment, principally composed of goodwill and intangible assets.



Geographical Information
 
Revenue from external customers, which is based on the geographical location of our customers, is as follows: 
 For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)202120202019
United States2,126 1,666 2,116 
Italy1,307 896 990 
United Kingdom72 64 74 
Rest of Europe217 209 323 
All other368 280 530 
Total4,089 3,115 4,032 
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
United States 2,063,477
 2,195,791
 2,472,013
Italy 1,824,004
 1,728,472
 1,778,750
United Kingdom 59,062
 74,567
 82,271
Rest of Europe 312,484
 383,170
 302,388
All other 572,229
 556,959
 518,474
Total 4,831,256
 4,938,959
 5,153,896


Revenue from aone customer in the ItalyGlobal Lottery segment represented 16.4%approximately 23%, 14.6%19%, and 16.3%16% of consolidated revenue in 2018, 20172021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively.

Long-lived assets, which are comprised of Systems & Equipment and PPE, are based on the geographical location of the assets are as follows: 
 December 31,
($ in millions)20212020
United States766 841 
Italy125 176 
United Kingdom14 
Rest of Europe93 91 
All other63 77 
Total1,056 1,200 

22.Stock-Based Compensation
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
United States 993,615
 938,925
Italy 332,378
 366,990
United Kingdom 26,256
 43,379
Rest of Europe 115,345
 117,508
All other 122,181
 161,115
Total 1,589,775
 1,627,917


22.Stock-Based Compensation
 
Incentive Awards
 
Stock-based incentive awards are provided to directors and employees under the terms of our 2015 and 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Plan"Plans (collectively, the “Plan”) as administered by the Board. Awards available under the Plan principally include stock options, performance share units, restricted share units or any combination thereof. The maximum number of new shares that may be granted under the Plan is 11.520.5 million shares. To the extent any award is forfeited, expires, lapses, or is settled for cash, the award is available for reissue under the Plan. We utilize authorized and unissued shares to satisfy all shares issued under the Plan.
 
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Stock Options
 
Stock options are awards that allow the employee to purchase shares of our stock at a fixed price. Stock options are granted under the Plan at an exercise price not less than the fair market value of a share on the date of grant. In 2018,2021, stock options were granted solely to our former Chief Executive Officer, which will vest in 20212024 subject to certain performance and other criteria, and have a contractual term of approximately sixseven years. No stock options were granted in 20172020 or 2016.2019.
 
Stock Awards
 
Stock awards are principally made in the form of performance share units ("PSUs"(“PSUs”) and restricted share units ("RSUs"(“RSUs”). PSUs are stock awards where the number of shares ultimately received by the employee depends on the Company’s performance against specified targets.targets, which may include Adjusted EBITDA, Free Cash Flow and Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”) relative to the Russell Mid Cap Market Index. PSUs typically vest 50% over an approximate three-year period and 50% over an approximate four-year period (i.e. four years to vest both tranches). In 2021, a second round of PSUs was granted in lieu of there being no 2020 PSUs that vest 50% over an approximate two-year period and 50% over an approximate three-year period. Dividend equivalents are not paid under the Plan. The fair value of each PSU is determined on the grant date or modification date, based on the Company’s stock price, adjusted for the exclusion of dividend equivalents, and assumes that performance targets will be achieved. Over the performance period, the number of shares of stock that will be issued is adjusted based upon the probability of achievement of performance targets. The ultimate number of shares issued and the related compensation cost recognized as expense is based on a comparison of the final performance metrics to the specified targets.
 
RSUs are stock awards granted to directors that entitle the holder to shares of common stock as the award vests, typically over a one-year period, and have a contractual term of 10 years. Dividend equivalents are not paid under the Plan. In 2020, RSUs were also granted to employees, which vest in approximately one- and two-year vesting periods.


Stock Option Activity
 
A summary of our stock option activity and related information is as follows: 
  Weighted-Average 
Stock
Options
Exercise Price Per Share ($)Remaining Contractual Term (in years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($ in millions)
Outstanding at January 1, 2021422,500 21.49   
Granted172,500 20.37 
Forfeited(172,500)30.12 
Outstanding at December 31, 2021422,500 17.51 2.82 
At December 31, 2021:    
Vested and expected to vest422,500 17.51 2.82
Exercisable250,000 15.53 0.38
    Weighted Average  
  
Stock
Options
 Exercise Price Per Share ($) Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($ thousands)
Outstanding at January 1, 2018 2,192,707
 19.76
    
Granted 172,500
 30.12
    
Exercised (549,986) 18.73
    
Expired (29,838) 20.28
    
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 1,785,383
 21.07
 1.72  
         
At December 31, 2018:  
  
    
Vested and expected to vest 1,785,383
 21.07
 1.72 
Exercisable 1,612,883
 20.10
 1.33 
No stock options were exercised in 2021, 2020 and 2019.
 
The total intrinsic value
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Table of stock options exercised was $6.0 million, $9.3 million and $7.8 million in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The total cash proceeds from stock options exercised was $12.7 million in 2016. There were no cash proceeds from stock options exercised in 2018 and 2017.Contents

Fair Value of Stock Options Granted
 
We estimate the fair value of stock options at the date of grant using a valuation model that incorporates key inputs and assumptions as detailed in the table below. The weighted averageweighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during 20182021 was $6.84$9.82 per share. 
20182021
Valuation modelMonte Carlo
Exercise price ($)30.1220.37 
Expected option term (in years)2.83
2.00
Expected volatility of the Company’s stock (%)35.0060.00 
Risk-free interest rate (%)2.730.80 
Dividend yield (%)2.66— 
 
The expected volatility assumes the historical volatility is indicative of future trends, which may not be the actual outcome. The expected option term is based on historical data and is not necessarily indicative of exercise patterns that may occur. Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by employees who receive equity awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of our original estimates of fair value.


Stock Award Activity
 
A summary of our stock award activity and related information is as follows: 
PSUsWeighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)RSUsWeighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at January 1, 20213,356,966 18.40 2,366,383 9.05 
Granted3,740,075 26.10 79,844 22.29 
Vested(200,995)20.91 (1,198,742)9.05 
Forfeited(1,595,221)25.87 (188,013)9.08 
Nonvested at December 31, 20215,300,825 21.50 1,059,472 10.05 
At December 31, 2021:    
Unrecognized cost for nonvested awards ($ in millions)85   
Weighted-average future recognition period (in years)2.93 0.92 
  PSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($) RSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Nonvested at January 1, 2018 4,083,499
 16.35
 106,223
 21.00
Granted 1,564,083
 28.93
 68,142
 30.23
Vested (882,426) 20.95
 (114,452) 21.67
Forfeited (495,109) 26.35
 
 
Nonvested at December 31, 2018 4,270,047
 25.79
 59,913
 30.21
         
At December 31, 2018:  
  
  
  
Unrecognized cost for nonvested awards ($ thousands) 46,820
  
 677
  
Weighted average future recognition period (in years) 2.05
  
 0.37
  

The total vest-date fair value of PSUs vested was $24.6$3 million, $28.8$3 million, and $8.4$4 million in 2018, 20172021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively. The total vest-date fair value of RSUs vested was $3.4$33 million, $2.8$1 million, and $15.9$1 million for 2018, 20172021, 2020, and 2016,2019, respectively.
 
Fair Value of Stock Awards Granted
 
We estimated the fair value of PSUs at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model, as the award includesawards include a market condition. The market condition is based on the Company’s TSR relative to the Russell Midcap Market Index.
 
During 2018, 20172021, 2020, and 2016,2019, we estimated the fair value of RSUs at the date of grant based on our stock price. Details of the grants are as follows: 
 202120202019
PSUs granted during the year3,740,075 — 2,133,512 
Weighted-average grant date fair value ($)26.10 — 11.10 
RSUs granted during the year79,844 2,375,141 131,676 
Weighted-average grant date fair value ($)22.29 9.04 14.10 

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  2018 2017 2016
PSUs granted during the year 1,564,083
 1,723,730
 1,788,050
Weighted average grant date fair value ($) 28.93
 17.74
 21.08
       
RSUs granted during the year 68,142
 117,745
 117,551
Weighted average grant date fair value ($) 30.23
 21.12
 19.14


Modifications
2018


During the third quarter of 2018, we modified the measurement of a performance condition for the outstanding PSUs granted in 2016 and 2017, in order to better align the performance conditions with the PSUs granted in 2018. The modification affected 473 employees and resulted in $10.6 million of compensation cost for the year ended December 31, 2018.

2017

During the second quarter of 2017, we modified the measurement of a performance condition for the PSUs granted in 2016. The modification affected 974 employees but did not result in any incremental compensation cost.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
Total compensation cost (recovery) for our stock-based compensation plans is recorded based on the employees’ respective functions as detailed below. 
For the year ended December 31,
($ in millions)($ in millions)202120202019
Cost of servicesCost of services(1)
 For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Cost of services 1,923
 26
 1,302
Cost of product sales 445
 (8) 330
Selling, general and administrative 27,702
 4,628
 22,304
Selling, general and administrative30 (4)21 
Research and development 3,016
 58
 2,410
Research and development(1)
Stock-based compensation expense before income taxes 33,086
 4,704
 26,346
Stock-based compensation expense before income taxes35 (7)27 
Income tax benefit 7,562
 975
 7,846
Income tax benefit (provision)Income tax benefit (provision)(2)
Total stock-based compensation, net of tax 25,524
 3,729
 18,500
Total stock-based compensation, net of tax27 (5)20 
 
23.Impairment Loss

Impairment loss was recorded forThe 2020 recovery results from the assets detailed below:
  December 31,
  2018 2017 2016
Goodwill 118,000
 714,000
 
Intangible assets, net 
 
 30,000
Other 2,407
 1,220
 7,744
  120,407
 715,220
 37,744

Goodwill

As a resultreversal of the change in the date of our annual impairment test, we performed two impairment tests during the fourth quarter of2019 and 2018 (November 1 and December 31) which resulted in a $118.0 million non-cash impairment loss with no income tax benefit and reduced the carrying amount of our International reporting unit to fair value. The Company determined that there was an impairment in the International reporting unit’s goodwillexpense due to the results of 2018 being lower thancertain PSUs that were no longer forecasted along with a higher weighted average cost of capital.to be achieved.


During the third quarter of 2017, we determined that the North America Gaming and Interactive reporting unit's long-term strategy of improving content and game performance to stabilize and then grow market share was taking longer than expected which resulted in us performing an interim goodwill impairment test. As a result of the interim test, we recorded a $714.0 million non-cash impairment loss with no income tax benefit to reduce the carrying amount of this reporting unit to fair value.

23.    Earnings Per Share

Our assessment of goodwill for impairment includes various inputs, such as cash flow projections. In calculating the fair value of our reporting units using the income approach, we used projections of revenues, operating costs and capital expenditures. The projected cash flows considered historical and estimated future results and general economic and market conditions, as well as the impact of planned business and operational strategies. As a result, the Company classified the International and North America Gaming and Interactive reporting unit measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Intangible Assets, Net

Based on the results of our annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test, in the fourth quarter of 2016 we recorded a $30.0 million non-cash impairment loss in our North America Gaming and Interactive segment for certain trademarks relating to the forecasted slowing of growth in the social gaming market. We used the Relief from Royalty method to determine the amount of the loss.

24.Other (Expense) Income, Net

The components of other (expense) income, net are as follows: 
  For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Tender and redemption premium (48,935) (37,793) 
Unamortized debt issuance costs (7,059) (7,307) 
Swap (443) 4,532
 (5,220)
Unamortized debt premium 3,089
 12,394
 
Other (1,559) (3,419) 
Total debt related (54,907) (31,593) (5,220)
       
Gain on sale of available-for-sale investment 
 
 20,365
Other 300
 (1,800) 3,220
  (54,607) (33,393) 18,365

Debt Related

During 2018, we completed the following debt transactions, which resulted in a $54.4 million loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2018:

Repurchased a portion of the 4.125% Notes;
Repurchased a portion of the 4.750% Notes;
Redeemed the 5.625% Notes;
Redeemed the remaining 7.500% Notes; and
Redeemed a portion of the 5.500% Notes.

In 2017, we purchased of a portion of the 7.500% Notes which resulted in a $25.7 million loss on extinguishment of debt for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Further details of these transactions are disclosed in Note 14, Debt.

Gain on sale of available-for-sale investment

In 2016, we sold an available-for-sale investment in the Italy segment for approximately $23.9 million and recognized a gain on sale of $20.4 million.


25.Earnings Per Share
 
The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted income (loss) earnings per share:share of common stock: 

For the year ended December 31,
 For the year ended December 31,
($ and shares in thousands, except per share amounts) 2018 2017 2016
($ in millions and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)($ in millions and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)202120202019
Numerator:  
  
  
Numerator:   
Net (loss) income attributable to IGT PLC (21,350) (1,068,576) 211,337
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLCNet income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC65 (939)(129)
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLCNet income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC417 41 110 
Net income (loss) attributable to IGT PLCNet income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC482 (898)(19)
      
Denominator:  
  
  
Denominator:   
Weighted-average shares - basic 204,083
 203,130
 201,511
Weighted-average shares - basic204,954 204,725 204,373 
Incremental shares under stock based compensation plans 
 
 703
Incremental shares under stock based compensation plans1,841 — — 
Weighted-average shares - diluted 204,083
 203,130
 202,214
Weighted-average shares - diluted206,795 204,725 204,373 
      
Basic (loss) earnings per share attributable to IGT PLC (0.10) (5.26) 1.05
Diluted (loss) earnings per share attributable to IGT PLC (0.10) (5.26) 1.05
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basicNet income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic0.32 (4.59)(0.63)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - dilutedNet income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - diluted0.31 (4.59)(0.63)
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basicNet income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic2.03 0.20 0.54 
Net income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - dilutedNet income from discontinued operations attributable to IGT PLC per common share - diluted2.02 0.20 0.54 
Net income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basicNet income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC per common share - basic2.35 (4.39)(0.09)
Net income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC per common share - dilutedNet income (loss) attributable to IGT PLC per common share - diluted2.33 (4.39)(0.09)

Certain stock options to purchase common shares were outstanding, but were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, because the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of the common shares for the full year, and therefore, the effect would have been antidilutive.


During years when we are in a net loss position, certain outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock awards are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because including them would have had an antidilutive effect.


For the years ended December 31, 20182020 and 2017, 1.6 million and 0.4 million2019, stock options and unvested restricted stock awards respectively,totaling 1 million shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because including them would have had an antidilutive effect. No stock options or unvested restricted stock awardsshares were excluded fromantidilutive for the computation in 2016.year ended December 31, 2021.

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26.Related Party Transactions

24.Related Party Transactions

We engage in business transactions with certain related parties which include (i) De Agostini S.p.A. (“De Agostini”) or entities directly or indirectly controlled by De Agostini, (ii) other entities and individuals capable of exercising control, joint control, or significant influence over us, (ii) De Agostini S.p.A. ("De Agostini") or entities directly or indirectly controlled by De Agostini and (iii) our unconsolidated subsidiaries or joint ventures. Members of ourthe Board, of Directors, executives with authority for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Company and such Directors'Directors’ and executives'executives’ close family members are also considered related parties. We may make investments in such entities, enter into transactions with such entities, or both.


Investments inDe Agostini Group

We are majority-owned by De Agostini. Amounts receivable from De Agostini and Materialsubsidiaries of De Agostini (collectively, the “De Agostini Group”) are non-interest bearing. Transactions with the De Agostini Group include payments for support services provided and office space rented pursuant to a lease entered into prior to the formation of the Company. In addition, certain of our Italian subsidiaries have a tax unit agreement, and in some cases, a value-added tax agreement, with De Agostini pursuant to which De Agostini consolidates certain Italian subsidiaries of De Agostini for the collection and payment of taxes to the Italian tax authority.

Related Partiesparty transactions with the De Agostini Group are as follows:

 December 31,
($ in millions)20212020
Tax-related receivables— 
Trade payables
Tax-related payables19 

Unconsolidated Subsidiaries, Partnerships and Joint Ventures

From time to time, we make strategic investments in publicly traded and privately held companies that develop software, hardware, and other technologies or provide services supporting its technologies. We may also purchase from or make sales to these organizations.


Ringmaster S.r.l.


We have a 50% interest in Ringmaster S.r.l. (“Ringmaster”), an Italian joint venture, that is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Ringmaster S.r.l. provides software development services for our interactive gaming business pursuant to an agreement dated December 7, 2011.

Telling IGT Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd

We have a 49% interest in Telling IGT Information Technology (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd. ("Telling"), a Chinese joint venture, that is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Telling was formed to provide innovative lottery products to regulated lottery centers in the People’s Republic of China. In addition to providing innovative lottery products, Telling will have the capability to conduct independent market operations, business development, and technological innovations in China. We had no material investments in Telling at December 31, 2018 and 2017.


Yeonama Holdings Co. Limited and OPAP S.A.

We have a 30% interest in Yeonama, which is accounted for at cost. Yeonama is a shareholder in Emma Delta Limited, the fund that holds a 33% interest in OPAP, the Greek gaming and sports betting operator. Marco Sala, our Chief Executive Officer and a Board member, is a member of the board of directors of OPAP. We provide sports betting and player account management systems to Horse Races S.A., a wholly-owned subsidiary of OPAP. We are also a technology provider of VLT central systems directly to OPAP.

Our investment in YeonamaRingmaster was $22.0 million and $23.1$1 million at December 31, 20182021 and 2017,2020.

We incurred $6 million, $7 million, and $6 million in expenses to Ringmaster for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.


Connect Ventures One LP and Connect Ventures Two LP


We have heldhold investments in 2 venture capital funds, Connect Ventures One LP and Connect Ventures Two LP (the "Connect Ventures"“Connect Ventures”) since 2011 and 2015, respectively,, that are accounted for as available-for-saleequity method investments. De Agostini also holds investments in the Connect Ventures, and Nicola Drago, the son of director Marco Drago, holds a 10% ownership interest in, and is a non-executive member of, Connect Ventures LLP, the fund that manages the Connect Ventures. He is also a non-executive member of with no profit shares in Connect Ventures LLP. The Connect Ventures are venture capital funds that target "early stage" investment operations.


Our investment in Connect Ventures One LP was $4.3 million and $4.7$3 million at December 31, 20182021 and 2017, respectively.2020. Our investment in Connect Ventures Two LP was $5.3 million and $3.8$6 million at December 31, 20182021 and 2017, respectively.2020.


De Agostini Group

25. Subsequent Events
We are majority owned by De Agostini. Amounts receivable from De Agostini and subsidiaries of De Agostini (the "De Agostini Group") are non-interest bearing. Transactions with
On February 25, 2022, the De Agostini Group include payments for support services provided and office space rented pursuant to a lease entered into prior to the formation of the Company. In addition, certain of our Italian subsidiaries have a tax unit agreement with De Agostini pursuant to which De Agostini consolidates certain Italian subsidiaries of De Agostini for the collection and payment of taxes to the Italian tax authority.

On May 22, 2018, De AgostiniParent’s wholly-owned subsidiary, IGT Lottery S.p.A. entered into a variable forward transaction (the "Variable Forward Transaction") with Credit Suisse International ("Credit Suisse") relatingshare sale and purchase agreement to 18.0 million of our ordinary shares owned by De Agostini. As partsell 100% of the Variable Forward Transaction,share capital of Lis Holding S.p.A., a wholly owned subsidiary of IGT Lottery S.p.A. that conducts the Company’s Italian commercial services business, to hedge its exposure, Credit Suisse or its affiliates borrowed approximately 13.2 millionPostePay S.p.A. – Patrimonio Destinato IMEL, an entity of our ordinary shares from third-party stock lenders and subsequently sold such ordinary shares in an underwritten public offering through Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, acting as the underwriter, pursuant to an automatically effective registration statement on Form F-3 (includingItalian postal service provider group, for a base prospectus) filed by the Company with the SEC on May 21, 2018 (the "Registration Statement").

We were not a party to the Variable Forward Transaction,purchase price of €700 million. Lis Holding S.p.A did not issue or sell any ordinary shares in connection withmeet the Variable Forward Transaction, and did not receive any proceeds from thecriteria for assets held for sale of the ordinary shares in the Variable Forward Transaction. De Agostini agreed to reimburse us for certain costs and fees incurred by us in connection with the Variable Forward Transaction and the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement. Asas of December 31, 2018,2021 and therefore remains presented as a $1.9 million receivable from De Agostinicomponent of continuing operations within
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our Global Lottery segment. Upon classification as held for the reimbursement of such costs and fees was included in trade and other receivables, netsale in the consolidated balance sheet.

Summaryfirst quarter of Material Related Party Transactions
Amounts receivable from2022, the Company does not expect to recognize a loss. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and payableregulatory approvals and is expected to related parties pursuant to material related party transactions are as follows:close during the third quarter of 2022.
F-60
  December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017
Trade receivables    
OPAP S.A. 2,761
 6,888
De Agostini Group 1,898
 65
Total related party receivables 4,659
 6,953
     
Tax related trade payables    
De Agostini Group 12,454
 19,673
     
Trade payables    
De Agostini Group 8,131
 10,974
Ringmaster S.r.l. 5,682
 6,404
Total related party payables 26,267
 37,051
The following table sets forth material transactions with related parties:  
  For the year ended December 31,
($ thousands) 2018 2017 2016
Service revenue and product sales  
  
  
OPAP S.A. 14,101
 37,512
 4,437
  14,101
 37,512
 4,437
       
Research and development expenses  
  
  
Ringmaster S.r.l. 10,412
 10,940
 9,535
  10,412
 10,940
 9,535


F-64