1
 
  AS SUBMITTED TOFILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON DECEMBER 18, 1996MARCH  , 1998
 
                                                     REGISTRATION NO. 333-
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                      SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             WashingtonWASHINGTON D.C. 20549
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                                   FORM S-1
                         Registration Statement Under
                           The Securities Act ofREGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
                          THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
 
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                             EURONET SERVICES INC.
            (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)

 
 
         DELAWARE                             6099                         74-2806888                                                               
            DELAWARE                              6099                            APPLIED FOR 
  (State or Other Jurisdiction of     (PrimaryPrimary Standard Industrial      (I.R.S. Employer
  Incorporation or Organization)      Classification Code Number)      Identification No.)
ZSIGMOND TER 10 H-1023 Budapest Hungary 011-361-335-1224 (Address and telephone number of Registrant's principal executive offices)HORVAT U. 14-24 1027 BUDAPEST HUNGARY 011-361-224-1000 (ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE NUMBER OF REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES) CT CORPORATION SYSTEM 1633 Broadway New York, New YorkBROADWAY NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10019 (212) 664-7666 (Name, address and telephone number of agent for service) ------------------------------------(NAME, ADDRESS AND TELEPHONE NUMBER OF AGENT FOR SERVICE) ---------------- COPIES TO: JAMES M. BARTOS, ESQ. CARTER STRONG, ESQ. Shearman & Sterling Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn 199 Bishopsgate 1050 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. London EC2M 3TY England Washington,ARNOLD R. WESTERMAN, ESQ. JAMES M. BARTOS, ESQ. ARENT FOX KINTNER PLOTKIN & KAHN, SHEARMAN & STERLING PLLC 199 BISHOPSGATE 1050 CONNECTICUT AVENUE, N.W. LONDON EC2M 3TY ENGLAND WASHINGTON, D.C. 20036
------------------------------------ Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:---------------- APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement. ------------------------------------ If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, please check the following box. [ ][_] If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ][_] If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ][_] If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [_] If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. [ ] ------------------------------------[_] CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PROPOSED PROPOSED MAXIMUM AMOUNT MAXIMUM AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF TITLE OF EACH CLASS PROPOSED MAXIMUM PROPOSED MAXIMUM OF SECURITIES TO BE AMOUNT TO BE OFFERING PRICE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OFOFFERING REGISTRATION SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED REGISTERED(1)REGISTERED PER SHARE(2) OFFERING PRICE(2) REGISTRATIONUNIT PRICE(1) FEE - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share........ 6,095,000 $14 $85,330,000 $25,857.58% Senior Discount Notes Due 2006 $100,000,000 $1,000 $100,000,000 $29,500 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Includes an additional 795,000 shares of Common Stock which the Underwriters (as defined in the Prospectus included herein) have the option to purchase pursuant to a 30-day over-allotment option. The amount of shares of Common Stock registered also includes any shares initially offered or sold outside the United States that are thereafter sold or resold in the United States. Offers and sales of shares outside the United States are being made pursuant to Regulation S and are not covered by this Registration Statement. (2) Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, solely for purposesthe purpose of computing the amount ofcalculating the registration fee. ------------------------------------ THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(A), MAY DETERMINE. ================================================================================- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 INFORMATION++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A REGISTRATION+ +REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE SECURITIES+ +SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY OFFERS+ +OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES+ +BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE+ +THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE SECURITIES+ +SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE UNLAWFUL+ +UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY+ +ANY SUCH STATE. + ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ SUBJECT TO COMPLETION PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED , 1997,1998 PROSPECTUS DM 182,485,000 GROSS PROCEEDS [LOGO OF EURONET [LOGO] 5,300,000 SHARES COMMON STOCK ------------------------ Of the sharesAPPEARS HERE] EURONET SERVICES INC. . % SENIOR DISCOUNT NOTES DUE 2006 ----------- The % Senior Discount Notes due 2006 (the "Shares""Notes") of Common Stock (the "Common Stock")are being offered in the Offering, 3,088,028 shares are being offered(the "Offering") hereby by Euronet Services Inc. ("Euronet" or(the "Issuer"). The Notes will be issued to generate gross proceeds to the "Company")Issuer of approximately DM 182,485,000 and 2,211,972 Shares are being offered by certain shareholderswill be issued at a price of DM per DM1,000 principal amount at maturity, representing a yield to maturity of % (computed on a semiannual bond equivalent basis) calculated from , 1998. The Notes will bear cash interest at a rate of % per annum. Cash interest on the Notes will not accrue prior to , 2002. Commencing , 2002, cash interest will be payable on the Notes semiannually on and of each year. The Notes will mature on , 2006. The Notes will be redeemable, at the option of the Company (the "Selling Shareholders"). See "PrincipalIssuer, in whole or in part, at any time after , 2002 at the redemption prices set forth herein, together with accrued and Selling Shareholders". The Company will not receiveunpaid interest, if any, to the date of the proceedsredemption. In addition, at any time or from time to time prior to , 2001, the saleIssuer may redeem up to 33 1/3% of the Shares byaggregate principal amount at maturity of the Selling Shareholders. Aoriginally issued Notes at a redemption price of % of the Accreted Value thereof with the net proceeds of one or more Equity Offerings (each as defined herein); provided that, immediately after giving effect to such redemption, at least 66 2/3% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the originally issued Notes remains outstanding. Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined herein), each holder of Notes may require the Issuer to purchase all or a portion of such holder's Notes at a purchase price in cash in an amount equal to 101% of the Shares offered hereby are being offeredAccreted Value thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. The Notes will be senior unsecured obligations of the Issuer and will rank pari passu in right of payment with all other existing and future senior unsecured obligations of the Issuer and senior in right of payment to all future obligations of the Issuer expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes. As of December 31, 1997, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, the Issuer would have had approximately $103.1 million of indebtedness of which approximately $3.1 million would have been secured indebtedness. In addition, the Issuer is a holding company and, accordingly, the Notes will be effectively subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of the Issuer's subsidiaries. As of December 31, 1997, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, the Issuer's subsidiaries would have had aggregate liabilities of approximately $10.0 million. The Notes sold outside the United States. PriorStates will be represented by a single, permanent global certificate in bearer form, deposited with Deutsche Borse Clearing AG, Frankfurt am Main ("DBC"), which will represent the Notes held by accountholders in DBC, including such Notes held through the operator of Euroclear System ("Euroclear") and Cedel Bank, societe anonyme ("Cedel"), each of which has an account with DBC. All Notes sold to U.S. investors (and others requesting registered Notes), will be represented by global registered Notes deposited with a custodian for, and registered in the Offering, therename of, The Depositary Trust Company ("DTC") or its nominee. See "Description of the Notes--Book Entry; Delivery and Form." Application has been no public market for the Shares. It is currently expected that the initial public offering price per share in the Offering will be between $12 and $14. See "Underwriting" for a discussion of the factors considered in determining the initial public offering price. THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE 6 FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE OFFERING. ------------------------ Application will be made to havelist the Notes on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. The Issuer's Common Stock listedtrades on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "EEFT". ------------------------, and as of March , 1998 the Issuer had an equity market capitalization of $ million. SEE "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE 13 HEREOF FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN CONNECTION WITH AN INVESTMENT IN THE NOTES. ----------- THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION, NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.PROSPECTUS, ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE. ------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROCEEDSPRINCIPAL AMOUNT OF NOTES AT PRICE TO INITIAL PUBLIC UNDERWRITING PROCEEDS TO THE SELLING OFFERING PRICE DISCOUNT(1) THE COMPANY(2) SHAREHOLDERS(2) -------------- ----------------- ----------------- --------------MATURITY PUBLIC (1) DISCOUNT (2) ISSUER (1)(3) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Per share...................... $ $ $ $ Total(3)....................... $ $ $ $Note....................... % % % % - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total.......................... DM DM DM DM
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1) Plus accrued original issue discount, if any, on the Notes from , 1998. (2) The Company and the Selling Shareholders haveIssuer has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters (as defined in "Underwriting")herein) against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.Act. See "Underwriting". (2)(3) Before deducting estimated expenses of $ , of which $ and $ are payable by the Issuer estimated at approximately $ . The Underwriters have agreed to reimburse the Company andfor a portion of the Selling Shareholders, respectively,expenses incurred in connection with the Offering. See "Underwriting". (3)"Underwriting." ----------- The Company has granted to the Underwriters an option exercisable for 30 days from the date of this Prospectus to purchase, or procure purchasers for, up to an additional 795,000 Shares of Common Stock at the initial public offering price per share, less the underwriting discount, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If such option is exercised in full, the total initial public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds to the Company will be $ , $ and $ , respectively. See "Underwriting". ------------------------ The SharesNotes are being offered hereby are offered severally by the Underwriters, as specified herein, subject to receiptprior sale, when, as and acceptanceif issued to and accepted by themthe Underwriters, and subject to theirapproval of certain legal matters by counsel for the Underwriters, and certain other conditions. The Underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel of modify such offer and to reject any orderoffers in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of the SharesNotes offered hereby will be made at the offices of ING Baring (U.S.) Securities, Inc.,in New York on or about , 1997. ------------------------ ING BARINGS ------------------------1998. ----------- MERRILL LYNCH CAPITAL MARKETS BANK LIMITED___________________MERRILL LYNCH & CO. FRANKFURT/MAIN BRANCH ----------- The date of this Prospectus is , 19971998. 3 No action has been or will be taken in any jurisdiction by the Company, the Selling Shareholders or by any Underwriter that would permit a public offering of the Shares or possession or distribution of a prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons into whose possession this Prospectus comes are advised by the Company, the Selling Shareholders and the Underwriters to inform themselves about, and to observe any restrictions as to, the offering of the Shares and the distribution of this Prospectus. Offers and sales of shares of Common Stock outside the United States are being made pursuant to Regulation S and such shares are not being registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") for the purpose of sales outside the United States. A registration statement under the Securities Act is in effect for offers and sales in the United States of shares of Common Stock that were initially offered or sold outside the United States. ------------------------ The Euronet logo is a trademark of the Company. Except as otherwise specified, all information in this Prospectus assumes that the Underwriter's over-allotment option is not exercised. ------------------------ Unless the context otherwise indicates, references herein to Euronet or the Company include Euronet Services Inc. and its subsidiaries and their respective predecessor companies. References to "dollar" and "$" are to United States dollars, and the terms "United States" and "U.S." mean the United States of America, its states, its territories, its possessions and all areas subject to its jurisdiction. ------------------------ AVAILABLE INFORMATION The Company has filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a registration statement (herein, together with all amendments, exhibits and schedules thereto, referred to as the "Registration Statement") under the Securities Act, with respect to the securities offered hereby. This Prospectus, which is part of the Registration Statement, does not contain all the information set forth in the Registration Statement, certain parts of which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Commission. For further information with respect to the Company and the Shares,Notes, reference is hereby made to the Registration Statement. Statements contained in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to herein are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, referenceThe Company is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. As a result of the Offering, the Company will become subject to the reporting requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and in accordance therewith, will filefiles reports and other information with the Commission. The Registration Statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, and reports and other information filed by the Company with the Commission can be inspected without charge and copied, upon payment of prescribed rates, at the public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the regional offices of the Commission located at 7 World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10048 and the Northwest Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511. Copies of such material and any part thereof will also be available by mail from the Public Reference Section of the Commission, at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. ------------------------rates, and via the Commission's address on the World Wide Web at http://www.sec.gov. CERTAIN PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING ING BARING (U.S.) SECURITIES INC. AND ITS AFFILIATES, ON BEHALF OF THE UNDERWRITERS,NOTES MAY OVER-ALLOTENGAGE IN TRANSACTIONS THAT STABILIZE, MAINTAIN, OR EFFECT TRANSACTIONS WHICH STABILIZE OR MAINTAINOTHERWISE AFFECT THE MARKET PRICE OF THE NOTES, INCLUDING PURCHASES OF SHARES ATOF NOTES TO STABILIZE THEIR MARKET PRICE, PURCHASES OF NOTES TO COVER SOME OR ALL OF A LEVEL ABOVE THAT WHICH MIGHT OTHERWISE PREVAILSHORT POSITION IN THE OPEN MARKET. SUCH TRANSACTIONS MAY BE EFFECTED ONNOTES MAINTAINED BY THE NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET OR OTHERWISE. SUCH STABILIZING, IF COMMENCED, MAY BE DISCONTINUED AT ANY TIME. 2UNDERWRITERS AND THE IMPOSITION OF PENALTY BIDS. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THESE ACTIVITIES, SEE "UNDERWRITING." FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This Prospectus contains statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act and section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Prospectus, including, without limitation, statements regarding (i) the use of proceeds of the Offering, (ii) the Company's business plans and financing plans and requirements, (iii) trends affecting the Company's business financial condition or results of operations, (iv) the impact and extent of competition, (v) expansion of the Company's ATM network and expansion of the Company's operations, (vi) the adequacy of capital to meet the Company's capital requirements and expansion plans, (vii) the assumptions underlying the Company's business plans, (viii) business strategy, (ix) government regulatory actions, (x) technological advances and (xi) projected costs and revenues, are forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the words believe, expect, anticipate, intend, estimate and similar expressions. Prospective investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties and that actual results may differ materially from those in the forward- looking statements as a result of various factors. The information contained in this Prospectus, including, without limitation, the information under "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and "Business" identifies important factors that could cause such differences, and any such forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by such factors. 1 4 PROSPECTUS SUMMARY The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus. Except as otherwise indicated herein, all informationReferences in this Prospectus has been adjusted to give effect to the reorganization of"Issuer" are to Euronet Services Inc. Unless the Company, which is subject to and effective upon the execution of the underwriting agreement to be executedcontext otherwise requires, references in connection with the Offering, pursuant to which (i) 9,585,569 shares of Common Stock will be issuedthis Prospectus to the shareholders of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all of the Common Shares of Euronet Holding N.V., (ii) options to acquire 3,113,355 shares of Common Stock will be granted"Company" or "Euronet" are to the holdersIssuer and its consolidated subsidiaries. Data regarding ATM density per million of options to acquire 3,113,355 Common Sharespopulation, card issuance as a percentage of Euronet Holding N.V.population and off-site ATM locations as a percentage of total ATM locations included in exchange for all of such options and (iii) awards with respect to 800,520 shares of Common Stock will bethis Prospectus have been derived from reports issued to the holders of awards with respect to 800,520 preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all such awards (the "Reorganization"). Euronet Holding N.V. will be dissolved following the Reorganization. See "Certain Transactions."by Retail Banking Research, Ltd. THE COMPANY EuronetOVERVIEW The Company operates the only independent, non-bank owned automatic teller machine ("ATM") network in Central Europe, as a service provider to banks and other financial institutions. The Company was established in 1994 and currently operatescommenced operations in June 1995. Since it commenced operations, the Company has undertaken a rollout of its ATM network with 53, 166 and 693 ATMs in operation at December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. As of February 28, 1998 the Company operated a network of 175 state-of-the-art754 state of the art ATMs, 130 of which arewith 348 located in Hungary, 317 in Poland, 54 in Germany, 32 in Croatia and 353 in the Czech Republic. Subject to full evaluation of which are located in Poland.market opportunities, the Company expects to install an additional 800 ATMs during 1998. Through agreements and relationships established with local banks, international debt and internationalcredit card issuers and ATM networksassociations of such card issuers such as American Express, Diners Club International, VISA, Plus, Mastercard Europay and CirrusEUROPAY (together "International Card Organizations") Euronet's, the Company's ATMs are able to process ATM transactions for holders of credit and debit cards issued by or bearing the logologos of such banks and International Card Organizations. In addition, through its sponsorship arrangements with banks which issue VISA and EUROPAY cards, the Company is able to accept cards with the PLUS and Cirrus logos. The Company receives a fee from the relevant card issuing banksbank or International Card OrganizationsOrganization for allany ATM transactions processed on itsthe Company's ATMs. The Company also offers outsourcedout- sourced ATM management services to local banks that own proprietary ATM networks for which the Company also receives fees ona fixed monthly fee and/or a per transaction basisfee. The Company's Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol "EEFT" and based on its share price as of the close of . , 1998, the Company's equity market capitalization was approximately $ . million. As of December 31, 1997, Euronet's ATM machines accepted approximately 99% of the domestic credit and debit cards issued in Hungary and 63% of the domestic credit and debit cards issued in Poland. The Company is able to accept substantially all of the domestic credit and debit cards issued in Germany due to its connection, through a sponsorship agreement with the German bank, Service Bank GmbH, to a central transaction authorization switch in Germany. In Croatia, the Company currently accepts 13% of the issued credit and debit cards, and it expects to be able to accept 34% by the end of March 1998 through an agreement signed with Atlas American Express. The Company is at the early stages of establishing its network in the Czech Republic where it currently operates three ATMs which are currently able to accept VISA cards. The Company believes that one of the most important factors in determining the success of an ATM network is the location of the ATMs. The Company's strategy is to establish sites for its ATMs that provide high visibility and cardholder utilization. As part of this strategy, the Company identifies major pedestrian traffic locations where people need quick and convenient access to cash. Key target locations for Euronet's ATMs include (i) major shopping malls, (ii) busy intersections, (iii) local smaller shopping areas offering grocery stores, supermarkets and services where people routinely shop, (iv) mass transportation hubs such as city bus and subway stops, rail and bus stations, airports and gas stations, and (v) tourist and entertainment centers such as historical sections of cities, cinemas, and recreational facilities. 2 Recognizing that convenience and reliability are principal factors in attracting and retaining ATM customers, the Company has invested in the establishment of advanced ATM machines and monitoring systems, as well as a monthly basis.redundancies to protect against network interruption. Approximately 87% of the Company's machines are available to customers 24 hours per day (with the majority of the balance of the machines being limited by retail hours of operation in the particular location.) The performance and cash positions of the Company's ATMs are monitored centrally, with local operations and maintenance contractors dispatched to fill and service the machines. The Company's machines in all markets, except Germany, are linked by satellite or land based telecommunications lines to the Company's central processing center in Budapest (the "Processing Center"). In order to obtain transaction authorization, the Processing Center interfaces with either the bank or International Card Organization that issued the card ("Card Issuer"). The Company believes that the level of services it provides permitand the location of its ATMs make it an attractive service provider to capitalize on the trends developing in the Central European banking market. Bank account usagebanks and credit and debit card issuance are increasing in Central Europe as the demand for banking services continues to grow in the region. ConnectingInternational Card Organizations. By connecting to the Company's ATM network, enableslocal banks tocan offer their customers the convenience of cash withdrawal and balance inquiry services in numerous off-site locations without incurring additional branch operational costs such as personneloperating costs. In addition, the Company believes that the services it offers are attractive to domestic banks in the increasingly competitive banking market in Central Europe because such banks can generally connect to Euronet's network with less labor and expense than building their own networks. In addition,Alternatively, banks can outsource the management of their proprietary ATM networks to the Company.Company, thereby reducing their operating costs and improving the allocation of their own resources. In addition, the Company believes that the services it provides permit it to capitalize on the increase in bank account usage and credit and debit card issuance in Central Europe, as demand for banking services continues to grow in the region. THE ATM MARKET OPPORTUNITY IN EUROPE The Company believes there are a number of trends occurring in its existing and planned markets which offer significant opportunities for its business: Substantial and Growing Central European Economies. Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Croatia are among the fastest growing economies in Europe and represent a consumer market of approximately 64.0 million people in the aggregate. The long term sovereign credit ratings of these countries by Moody's Investor Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor's Corporation are currently (Baa3)/(BBB-), (Baa3)/(BBB-), (Baa1)/(BBB-), and (Baa3)/(BBB-), respectively. Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Croatia have recently experienced significant growth in their economies, with 1997 real gross domestic product growth estimates for each of these countries of 3.0%, 5.5%, 4.7%, and 7.0%, respectively. In recent years, each of these countries has encouraged foreign private investment. In 1995, direct foreign investment, was $2.9 billion for Hungary, $1.2 billion for Poland, $2.5 billion for the Czech Republic, and $81 million for Croatia while for 1996, direct foreign investment in these countries was $2.8 billion, $2.5 billion, $1.4 billion, and $349 million, respectively. In addition to a steady inflow of foreign investment, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic have reduced inflation from 28.3% and 26.8%, and 9.1% respectively, in 1995 to an estimated 18.0%, 15.9% and 8.5% respectively, in 1997. Croatia has maintained inflation in the single digits, increasing only slightly from 2.0% in 1995 to an estimated 4.0% for 1997. Development of Central European Banking Infrastructure. Historically, the banking industry in Central Europe generally has been characterized by low levels of customer service, limited operating hours, and long waiting time to complete simple transactions. With the fall of communism, the banking sector in most Central European countries has undergone a significant transformation due to the initiation of privitasation programs and the adoption of free market principles. These services allowchanges have allowed banks the opportunity to provide ATM access to their customers, expandingexpand the range of banking services they offer. "Western" banks entering theand products offered. In addition, many Central European market are already accustomedcountries have allowed foreign banks to enter local markets, bringing additional technological know-how, products, expertise and capital. As foreign banks have been permitted to establish banks or invest in local banks in the concept of shared ATM networks andregion, the retail banking industry in many countries in Central Europe has become more competitive. Many banks have begun to connect to Euronet's ATM network. Euronet's ATMs currently accept over 90%implement strategies for 3 serving and attracting a larger portion of the domesticretail market in this competitive environment. The Company believes that banks view electronic banking and the issuance of debit and credit cards as methods for increasing customer service and enhancing customer loyalty. Low ATM Density and Card Issuance in Central Europe; Significant Growth Potential. The Company believes that two principal drivers of an ATM business in a developing economy are ATM density per million people and card issuance as a percentage of the population. The Company estimates that as of January 1997 there were 97 ATMs per million of population in Hungary, 17 ATMs per million of population in Poland, 115 ATMs per million of population in the Czech Republic and 15 ATMs per million of population in Croatia. These figures compare with 478 ATMs per million of population in Austria, 376 ATMs per million of population in the United Kingdom, 422 ATMs per million of population in France, 466 ATMs per million of population in Germany, and 522 ATMs per million of population in the United States as of January 1997. Based on information compiled by the Company, as of January 1, 1997, the number of cards issued as a percentage of population is 21% in Hungary, 3% in Poland, 14% in the Czech Republic, and 9% in Croatia as compared with 110% in Austria, 151% in the United Kingdom, 90% in France, 123% in Germany and 254% in the United States at the same date. The Company believes the lower ATM density and card issuance in these Central European countries provides potential for growth. Development of Electronic Banking. The economies of most emerging markets, including those of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, have historically been cash based because efficient electronic funds transfer, ATM, and check cashing and clearing facilities had not been developed. Most employees in these countries have typically been paid in cash and until recently, most purchases were made, and bills were paid, in cash. While electronic banking, including electronic transfers, ATM and point of sale services have recently been introduced into the region, they are still in the early stages of development. The Company believes this represents a substantial opportunity. Hungary has recently introduced legislation to increase the use of electronic means of payment, by requiring that civil servants receive their salary via direct deposit to bank accounts. As a result, many people who ordinarily would not have a bank account have been or will be forced to open accounts to access their salary. The Company expects that a trend toward direct deposit of payroll in Central Europe will continue. Direct deposit combined with the accelerating development of the retail electronic banking industry and general economic growth in Central Europe is expected to lead to increased bank account usage, credit and debit card issuance, and demand for ATM services. Additional Opportunities In Western European Markets. The developed markets of Western Europe are characterized by high levels of card issuance and a large number of ATMs. However, the Company believes that there are significant opportunities in Western Europe for the Company's services including (i) installing ATM's in high traffic, non-bank locations, (ii) providing ATM outsourcing and management services to banks with proprietary networks and (iii) offering innovative solutions for year 2000 compliance. The majority of ATM's in Western Europe are installed in bank branches. In France there are 24,500 ATM's, but only 7% of them are in non-bank locations. By comparison, approximately 27% of the ATM's in the United States and 17% in the United Kingdom are in non-bank locations. The Company also believes that banks in Western Europe will increasingly seek to outsource their proprietary ATM networks to focus on their core businesses and reduce operating expenses. Finally, there are a substantial number of ATM's throughout Western Europe which are not year 2000 compliant. The Company believes it can offer banks convenient turn-key year 2000 compliance solutions, including purchasing an existing ATM network and performing all the necessary upgrades. 4 COMPANY STRENGTHS The Company believes it has a number of key strengths which position it to capitalize on the market opportunities it has identified: Early Entrant in Central Europe; Established Market Position. The Company believes it has an advantage as one of the early entrants to the ATM markets of Central Europe. Euronet has been able to obtain ATM locations which are typically characterized as high traffic non-bank locations with 24-hour accessibility. The Company has been able to obtain long-term exclusive leases and agreements for many ATM sites, at low cost. Examples of the Company's highly visible locations include McDonald's, gas stations such as ARAL, OMV, British Petroleum, and Shell, food stores such as Tesco, Julius Meinl, Tangelmann, Kaiser's, Magnet/Grosso and Plus, Makro Cash & Carry, Ikea, Metro, and the Marriott Hotel in Warsaw. In some cases, the Company has an option to install ATMs at all the sites owned by certain retail chains. The Company believes the quality of its ATM sites, and the long-term nature of its leases will allow the Company to maintain its competitive position and to attract and retain customers. In addition, as the only independent ATM operator in Central Europe, the Company has established a significant number of agreements with local and international banks and International Card Organizations ("Card Issuers") which enable it to attract a wider base of customers to its network than proprietary bank-owned networks whose card acceptance policies may be limited. Furthermore, the Company believes the number of its ATM sites, particularly in Hungary and Poland, make it an attractive partner for Card Issuers wishing to extend their reach. Geographic Diversity of Operations. The Company currently conducts its ATM network business in Hungary, Poland, Germany, Croatia, and the Czech Republic. The Company believes that the expansion of its operations in its existing and future markets will provide it with some protection against potential disruptions in any one country's economy. In addition, the breadth of the Company's country coverage allows it to direct the rollout of its network towards the most lucrative market opportunities as they arise. For example, should banks in one of the Company's countries of operation significantly increase or decrease card issuance levels in a given year, the Company can redirect its network rollout to factor in such developments without any material disruption in its overall rollout plan. As the Company continues to expand into its existing markets and new markets, such as France, the Company's revenue base is expected to diversify and become less reliant on any one country's economy. Euronet believes its geographic expansion will enable it to benefit from the stability of the developed Western European markets where the cardholder base is large and transaction volumes are high while also allowing the Company to benefit from the substantial opportunity of the emerging markets. Extensive Range of Card Provider Contracts. Euronet is the only non-bank owned ATM network in Central Europe, which enables it to concentrate on processing transactions for all Card Issuers whether they are individual banks, consortiums of banks or International Card Organizations. As a result, the Company is not dependent upon any one card source. As of December 31, 1997, the Company had a total of 21 card acceptance agreements ("Acceptance Agreements") with banks or International Card Organizations in four countries and it is continuing to obtain contacts with local banks and International Card Organizations in existing markets as well as new markets. The Company's Acceptance Agreements generally provide that all credit and debit cards issued by the banks may be used at all ATM machines operated by Euronet. Through agreements with local sponsor banks in Hungary and 25%Poland, Euronet is able to accept all credit and debit cards bearing the VISA, Plus, Mastercard, EUROPAY and Cirrus logos at its ATMs in Hungary and Poland. The Company is also able to accept all credit and debit cards bearing the VISA and Plus logos at its ATMs in the Czech Republic. Euronet has also entered into agreements with Diners Club International and American Express. The agreement with Diners Club International provides for the acceptance of theall credit and debit cards issued by Diners Club at all of Euronet's ATMs in Poland.Hungary, Poland and Croatia. This agreement is a "regional" agreement which is intended to be extended to all of the Central European countries. In addition, all major international credit and debitthe Company has signed agreements with 5 American Express or its local franchise to accept cards including those bearingin these countries. The Company expects to begin accepting American Express cards in Croatia under this agreement at the VISA, end of March. This will enable the Company to accept approximately 34% of the cards issued in Croatia. Prior to being permitted to accept VISA/Plus, Europay, Mastercard and Mastercard/EUROPAY/Cirrus logos and American Express cards may be used at Euronet'sits ATMs, locatedthe Company was required to demonstrate that it met all standards set by International Card Organizations to process transactions for such International Card Organizations. Critical Mass; Largest Non-Bank Purchaser of ATMs in HungaryCentral Europe. With over 754 ATMs in operation and all VISA, Plusa monthly average of 50 ATMs purchased or leased for the six months ended February 28, 1998, Euronet believes it is the largest purchaser of ATMs in Central Europe and American Express cards may be usedone of the largest purchasers of new ATMs in Europe. As such, Euronet has negotiating leverage with ATM manufacturers and believes that it receives favorable prices as compared to lower volume purchasers. The Company has long term contracts with certain ATM manufacturers to purchase ATMs at Euronet'scontractually defined prices which include quantity discounts. These contracts, however, do not commit the Company to purchase a defined number of ATMs. In addition, the Company has leverage, as compared to smaller ATM networks, in negotiating favorable pricing for ATM- related software, cash delivery services and ATM maintenance services. As the Company continues to expand into other countries, it expects to enter into multi-country agreements with telecommunication providers to reduce monthly charges. The Company expects that as it expands its network its ability to reduce costs will make it more competitive. Lower Cost Alternative to Banks. By acquiring ATMs, located in Poland.computer equipment, maintenance, telecommunication and other services, less expensively, and by running a focused operation, the Company believes that it can offer banks a low cost alternative to building or operating their own ATM networks. The Company can offer banks a connection to the Euronet ATM network, the management of an existing proprietary network of ATMs or the development of a new ATM network. The Company's strategy,ATM management services include 24-hour monitoring from Euronet's Processing Center of ATM operational status, coordinating the cash delivery, the monitoring and management of cash levels in the ATM, and automatic dispatch for necessary service calls. State of the Art Integrated On-Line ATM Network; Capable of Providing Additional Services. The Company has purchased advanced hardware and software providing state-of-the-art features and reliability through sophisticated diagnostics and self-testing routines. The ATMs utilized by the Company can perform basic functions, such as dispensing cash and retrieving account information, as well as providing other services such as advertising through the use of color monitor graphics, messages on receipts, and coupon dispensing. In addition, the Company's ATMs are modular and upgradable so that they can be adapted to provide additional services in response to changing technology and consumer demand, including new products such as reloadable chip cards. STRATEGY The Company's objective, for the shortnear term, is to become themaintain and enhance its position as a leading low-cost ATM service provider in Central and Western Europe by meeting westerninternational standards of reliability and customer service and, for the medium term, to become a leading provider of a broader range of electronic fund transfer services in the region. The keyservice. Key elements of Euronet's business strategy are toto: (i) expand its ATM networkbase in Hungary, Polandexisting and other Centralnew European markets;markets, (ii) leverage its critical mass and achieve further economies of scale, (iii) continue to form strategic relationships with banks and International Card Organizations; expandOrganizations, (iv) assist banks in issuing cards, (v) capitalize on additional revenue opportunities by providing value-added services with its ATMs, and (vi) pursue additional geographic and other market opportunities, including strategic acquisitions. 6 CORPORATE STRUCTURE The corporate structure of the rangeCompany and its operating subsidiaries is set forth in the chart below. This chart gives effect to an internal reorganization of services offered beyond the basic cash withdrawal function, such as pointCompany which Management expects to conduct during 1998. Pursuant to this reorganization, Euronet Holding N.V., a Netherlands Antilles company, will be reorganized under the laws of sale authorizationthe Netherlands and bill paying;the Issuer will transfer all the shares of capital stock of its existing subsidiaries, other than its Hungarian and expand ATM network management services.Polish subsidiaries, to Euronet Holding N.V. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Issuer owns directly all of the capital stock of its existing subsidiaries, other than the capital stock of its Hungarian and Polish subsidiaries, which is owned directly by Euronet Holding N.V.
Euronet Services Inc. (Issuer of the Notes) 100% Euronet Holding N.V. 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Euronet Bank/ Bankomat 24/ EFT Services do.o Euronet Euronet EFT Services Euronet s.r.l Tech Rt. Euronet sp. z.o.o (Croatia) Services GmbH Services spol.s.r.o France S.A.S (Romania) (Hungary) (Poland) (Germany) (Czech Republic) (France)
---------------- The Company's principal executive offices are located at Zsigmond ter 10, H-102314-24 Horvat u., 1027 Budapest, Hungary and its telephone number at suchthis address is 011-361-335-1224. 3011-36 1- 224-1000. 7 5 THE OFFERING TOTAL SHARES OFFERED IN THE OFFERING(1).............. 5,300,000 Shares SHARES TO BE OFFERED BY THE COMPANY.................. 3,088,028 Shares SHARES TO BE OFFERED BY THE SELLING SHAREHOLDERS..... 2,211,972 Shares SHARES TO BE OUTSTANDING AFTER THE OFFERING(1)(2)... 13,729,560 Shares OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION......OFFERING Notes Offered......... DM principal amount at maturity of % Senior Discount Notes due 2006. Maturity Date......... , 2006. Issue Price........... DM per DM1,000 principal amount at maturity of Notes. Yield and Interest.... % per annum (computed on a semiannual bond equivalent basis) calculated from , 1998. Cash interest on the Notes will not accrue prior to , 2002. Commencing , 2002, cash interest will be payable on the Notes semiannually on and of each year. Repayment of Certain Money to the Company............... The Trustee and the paying agents shall pay to the Company any money held by them for the payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest that remains unclaimed for two years. After payment to the Company, holders of Notes entitled to such money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable law designates another person. Original Issue Discount.............. Each Note is being offered with original issue discount ("OID") for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, although cash interest is not expected to accrue on the Notes prior to , 2002 and there are not expected to be any periodic payments of interest on the Notes prior to , 2002, original issue discount (i.e., the difference between the stated redemption price at maturity and the issue price of such Notes) will start to accrue from the issue date of such Notes up to 2002 and will be includible daily as original issue discount income in a U.S. holder's gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because the Company has the right to defer payment of interest until , 2002, a U.S. holder of Notes may be required to recognize such OID income substantially in advance of receipt of the cash payments to which the income is attributable. See "Income Tax Consideration--Certain United States Federal Income Tax Consideration-- Original Issue Discount." Optional Redemption... Except as set forth below, the Notes will not be redeemable at the Company's option prior to , 2002. Thereafter, the Notes will be subject to redemption at the option of the Company, in whole or in part at anytime on or after , 2002, at the redemption prices set forth herein. In connectionaddition, at any time prior to , 2001, the Company may redeem up to 33 1/3% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the originally issued Notes at a redemption price of % of the Accreted Value thereof with the Offering,net proceeds of one or more Equity Offerings; provided that, immediately after giving effect to such redemption, at least 66 2/3% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the originally issued Notes remains outstanding. See "Description of the Notes--Redemption" and "--Certain Definitions." 8 Change of Control..... Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, each holder of Notes may require the Company to purchase all or a portion of such holder's Notes at a purchase price in cash in an amount equal to 101% of the Accreted Value thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase. There can be no assurance that the Company will granthave sufficient funds to complete any such purchase. See "Description of the Notes-- Certain Covenants--Purchase of Notes upon a Change of Control". For the definition of the term "Change of Control" under the Notes, see "Description of the Notes--Certain Definitions". Ranking............... The Notes will be senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will rank pari passu in right of payment with all other existing and future senior unsecured obligations of the Company and senior in right of payment to all future obligations of the Company expressly subordinated in right of payment to the UnderwritersNotes. As of December 31, 1997, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, the Company would have had approximately $103.1 million of indebtedness of which $3.1 million would have been secured indebtedness. In addition, the Company is a holding company and, accordingly, the Notes will be effectively subordinated to all existing and future liabilities of the Company's subsidiaries. As of December 31, 1997, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, the Company's subsidiaries would have had aggregate liabilities of approximately $10.0 million. See "Risk Factors--Substantial Indebtedness; Liquidity", "--Holding Company Structure; Reliance on Subsidiaries for Distributions to Repay Notes" and "Description of the Notes--Ranking". Certain Covenants..... The indenture pursuant to which the Notes will be issued (the "Indenture") will contain certain covenants that will restrict, among other things, the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to (i) incur certain indebtedness, (ii) pay dividends and make certain other restricted payments, (iii) create liens, (iv) permit other restrictions on dividend and other payments by restricted subsidiaries of the Company, (v) issue and sell capital stock of restricted subsidiaries, (vi) guarantee certain indebtedness, (vii) sell assets, (viii) enter into transactions with affiliates, (ix) merge, consolidate or transfer substantially all of the assets of the Company, (x) enter into sale and leaseback transactions and (xi) make investments in unrestricted subsidiaries. The covenants require the Company to make an option exercisable for 30 days from the date of this Prospectusoffer to purchase upspecified amounts of Notes in the event of certain asset sales. There can be no assurance that the Company will have sufficient funds to 795,000 additional Shares, solely to cover over-allotments, ifcomplete any at the initial public offering price. See "Underwriting." USE OF PROCEEDS............ Assuming an offering pricepurchase of $13 per Share (the midpointNotes upon a sale of assets of the range on the cover page of this Prospectus) and no exerciseCompany. See "Description of the over-allotment option grantedNotes--Certain Covenants". Form of Notes......... Notes sold outside of the United States will be represented by the global bearer Note (the "Global Bearer Note") deposited with DBC. Beneficial interests in the Global Bearer Note will be represented through accounts of financial institutions acting on behalf of beneficial owners as direct and indirect participants in DBC, including Euroclear and Cedel, each of which has an account with DBC. All Notes sold to U.S. investors (and others requesting registered Notes), will be represented by global registered notes 9 ("Global Registered Notes") deposited with a custodian for, and registered in the Underwriters,name of, DTC or its nominee. Transfers of interests in the Global Registered Notes will be limited to transfers of book-entry interests. See "Description of the Notes--Book Entry; Delivery and Form." Use of Proceeds....... The net proceeds to the Company and the Selling Shareholders from the Offering,sale of the Notes being offered by the Company hereby, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, are estimated to be approximately $36.9$96.7 million and $26.8 million, respectively.(based on a Dollar-- Deutsche Mark exchange rate of DM . = $1.00, the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in Deutsche Marks as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the "Noon Buying Rate") on . , 1998): The Company will not receive any ofcurrently intends to use the net proceeds from the saleOffering, together with the existing cash reserves of the Shares by the Selling Shareholders. Approximately 80%approximately $ . million at March 31, 1998, as follows: (i) approximately $60 to 90% of the proceeds$70 million to the Company will be used to implement the Company's strategy of expandingexpand its independent ATM network and the provision of ATM management services in its existing markets of Hungary, Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Croatia, and other Central European markets. The remainderplanned future markets such as France and Romania, including the purchase and installation of an aggregate of approximately 2,000 ATM machines in such markets through the year ending December 31, 1999; (ii) approximately $10 to $12 million to repay a significant portion of the net proceeds to be received byCompany's capitalized lease obligations which have an effective interest rate of approximately 13.5% per annum and (iii) the Companyremainder will be used for general corporate purposes, including expansion into new markets, the pursuit of possible acquisitionsstrategic acquisition and joint venturesventure opportunities consistent with the Company's strategy of expanding its strategic goals. See "Use of Proceeds." DIVIDENDS.................. The Company currently intends to retain all future earnings, if any,ATM network and to fund operating losses and working capital needs. Governing Law......... The Indenture and the development and growthNotes will be governed by the laws of its business. Consequently, the Company does not anticipate paying dividendsState of New York. Listing............... Application has been made to list the Notes on the Shares in the foreseeable future. See "Dividend Policy." PROPOSED LISTING........... Application will be made to have the Shares listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "EEFT." - --------------- (1) Does not include up to 795,000 shares of CommonLuxembourg Stock that may be offered pursuant to the exercise by the Underwriters of the over-allotment option granted by the Company to the Underwriters. See "Underwriting." (2) Does not include 2,857,911 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Company's stock option plans. 4Exchange. 10 6 SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The summary consolidated financial data set forth below with respect to the Company's statement of operations data for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994, the year ended December 31, 1995 and for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and with respect to the balance sheet data as of December 31, 1994 and 1995 and September 30, 1996 have been derived from, and are qualified by reference to, the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Prospectus (the "Consolidated Financial Statements"), prepared in accordanceconformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States ("U.S. GAAP,GAAP"), which have been audited by KPMG Polska Sp. z o.o., independent public accountants. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period or for the full year ending December 31, 1996. The summary consolidated financial data with respect to the Company's statement of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 have been derived from the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, whichas of December 31, 1996 and 1997, and for each of the years in the opinion ofthree-year period ended December 31, 1997 (the "Consolidated Financial Statements"), and the Company, include all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the information contained therein.independent auditors' report thereon, are included elsewhere in this Prospectus. The Company believes that the period-to-period comparisons of its financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. The following information should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus.
PERIOD FROM JUNE 22, 1994 NINE MONTHS ENDED (INCEPTION) SEPTEMBER 30,TO YEAR ENDED TO --------------------- DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, ------------------------------------------- 1994 1995 1996 1995 1995 1994 ---------- ----------1997 -------------------------- ------------ ------------- (UNAUDITED)------------ (IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)THOUSANDS) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTSTATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA: Revenues...................................Revenues Transaction fees....... $ 638 $ 9-- $ 62 $ 1,198 $ 4,627 Other.................. -- -- 63 663 --------- ---------- ------------ ------------ Total revenues........ -- 62 1,261 5,290 Total operating expenses............... 240 2,170 9,007 13,812 --------- ---------- ------------ ------------ Operating loss.......... (240) (2,108) (7,746) (8,522) Loss before income taxes................... (2,774) (1,401)tax benefit................ (228) (2,089) (7,899) (8,065) Net loss................ $ (228) Net loss................................... (2,555) (1,300)$ (1,941) $ (7,576)(/1/) $ (7,965) OTHER FINANCIAL DATA: EBITDA(2)............... $ (228) Pro forma net loss per share............... (0.19) Pro forma number$(1,849) $ (7,037) $ (5,152) Cash flows from operating activities... (258) (2,461) (2,255) (6,340) Cash flows from investing activities... (356) (418) (1,252) (39,320) Cash flows from financing activities... 2,650 1,254 5,637 50,635 Capital expenditures(3)........ 356 394 1,061 7,612 Ratio of shares Outstanding(1).......................... 13,109,320
- --------------- (1) See Note 2(k) to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus for an explanation of the pro forma number of shares outstanding used in determining pro forma net loss per share. earnings to fixed charges(4)....... -- -- -- --
AS OF DECEMBER AS OF 31, SEPTEMBER 30, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1994 1995 1996 1995 1994 ------------- ------ ------1997 -------------------------- ------------ ------------ (IN THOUSANDS)THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SUMMARY NETWORK DATA) CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA: Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 776equivalents............ $2,036 $ 411 $2,036$ 2,541 $ 7,516 Investment securities... -- -- 194 31,944 Working capital........................................... (370)capital......... 2,071 526 2,071631 33,496 Total assets.............................................. 7,432assets............ 2,527 4,519 2,527 Capital lease obligations, less11,934 70,033 Obligations under capital leases, excluding current portion........... 2,363installments........... -- 1,119 3,834 11,330 Total stockholders' equity................. 2,422 2,097 5,136 49,219 SUMMARY NETWORK DATA: Number of operational ATMs at end of period.. -- Total shareholders' equity................................ 2,542 2,097 2,42253 166 693 ATM transactions during the period............. -- 45,000 1,138,000 5,758,000 Average annual revenues per ATM................ $ -- $ 1,170 $ 11,516 $ 12,317
5(footnotes appear on following page) 11 7- -------- (1) The year ended December 31, 1996, includes a one-time non-cash share compensation expense of $4,172,000 relating to the grant of certain employee and management options. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 9 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus. (2) EBITDA consists of net loss before depreciation and amortization, interest income, interest expense and income taxes. EBITDA is not a U.S. GAAP measure and should not be considered as an indicator of the Company's operating performance or as an alternative to U.S. GAAP measures of net income (loss) or to cash flow from operations under U.S. GAAP as a measure of liquidity. Management also believes that EBITDA is helpful to investors as a measure of the Company's ability to service the debt. Management also believes that EBITDA is helpful to investors, because EBITDA will be used to determine compliance with certain covenants continued in the Indenture. The terms excluded from EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing the Company's financial performance. (3) Capital expenditures do not include $1,906,000, $4,189,000 and $11,006,000 relating to ATMs acquired under capital lease obligations during the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. (4) For the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994 and for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, the Company incurred net losses and hence earnings to fixed charges indicate a less than one to one coverage. For the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994 and for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, earnings were inadequate to cover fixed charges with a coverage deficiency of $228,000, $1,941,000, $7,576,000 and $7,965,000, respectively. 12 RISK FACTORS The Shares involveAn investment in the Notes involves a high degree of risk. Accordingly, prospective purchasers of shares of Common Stock should consider carefully all of the information set forth in this Prospectus and, in particular, the risks described below, prior to making any investment decision. This Prospectus contains certain forward- looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth below and elsewhere in this Prospectus. See "Forward-Looking Statements." SUBSTANTIAL INDEBTEDNESS; LIQUIDITY The Company will have substantial indebtedness after the Offering. As of December 31, 1997, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, the Company's total indebtedness would be approximately $103.1 million, its stockholders' equity would be approximately $49.2 million and the Company's total assets would be approximately $158.5 million. The Indenture limits, but does not prohibit, the Company and its subsidiaries from incurring additional indebtedness. See "Description of Notes". The Company believes the net proceeds from the Offering, together with its cash flows from operations and remaining proceeds from the 1997 initial public offering (approximately $ . at March 31, 1998) offering, will be sufficient to fund the Company's operating losses, debt service requirements and capital expenditures associated with its expansion plan through the year 2000. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will achieve or sustain profitability or generate sufficient revenues in the future. If an opportunity to consummate a strategic acquisition arises or if one or more new contracts is executed requiring more rapid installation of ATM machines than anticipated or a significant increase in the number of ATM machines in any market area, the Company may require additional financing for such purpose and to fund its working capital needs. Such additional financing may be in the form of additional indebtedness which would increase the Company's overall leverage. See "--Significant Capital Requirements," "Selected Financial Data," "Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Description of Notes." The level of the Company's indebtedness could have important consequences to holders of the Notes, including the following: (i) the Company may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows to service the Notes and its other outstanding indebtedness and to fund adequately its planned capital expenditures and operations; (ii) the ability of the Company to obtain any necessary financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements or other purposes may be limited or such financing may be unavailable; (iii) a substantial portion of the Company's cash flows, if any, must be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on its indebtedness and other obligations and will not be available for use in its business; (iv) the Company's level of indebtedness could limit its flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business and markets; and (v) the Company's high degree of indebtedness will make it more vulnerable to changes in general economic conditions and a downturn in its business, thereby making it more difficult for the Company to satisfy its obligations under the Notes. The Company must substantially increase its net cash flows in order to meet its debt service obligations, including obligations under the Notes, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet such obligations, including its obligations under the Notes. If the Company is unable to generate sufficient cash flows or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments or if it otherwise fails to comply with the various covenants under its indebtedness, it would be in default under the terms thereof, which would permit the holders of such indebtedness to accelerate the maturity of such indebtedness and could cause defaults under other indebtedness of the Company. Such defaults could result in a default on the Notes and could delay or preclude payments of interest or principal thereon. See "--Significant Capital Requirements." LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY; HISTORY OFHISTORICAL AND ANTICIPATED FUTURE OPERATING LOSSES AND NEGATIVE CASH FLOW The Company has had a limited operating history. For the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994 and the yearyears ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and the nine months ended September 30, 1996,1997, the Company had net losses of 13 approximately $228,000, $1.9 million, $7.6 million and $2.6$8 million, respectively, resulting in an aggregate net loss of $4.7approximately $17.7 million as of September 30, 1996.December 31, 1997. (The 1996 net loss includes a one-time non- cash stock compensation expense of approximately $4.2 million relating to the grant of certain employee and management options.) The Company expects to continue to generate losses from operating activities, negative EBITDA and negative cash flow while it concentrates on the development and expansion of its ATM network business. As a result of the Company's strategy of continuing expansion and increasing its market share, the Company's net losses are expected to increase over the near term.increase. There can be no assurance that the Company's revenues will grow or be sustained in future periods or that the Company will be able to achieve or sustain profitability or generate significant revenuespositive cash flow from operations in any future period. If the futureCompany cannot achieve and sustain operating profitability or have sufficient resources at any timepositive cash flow from operations, it may not be able to pay cash dividends onmeet its debt service or working capital requirements, including its obligations with respect to the Shares.Notes. See "Consolidated Financial Statements" including the notesNotes thereto, and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." HOLDING COMPANY STRUCTURE; RELIANCE ON SUBSIDIARIES FOR DISTRIBUTIONS TO REPAY NOTES The Company conducts all of its operations through its subsidiaries. The Company's ability to service its indebtedness, including payment of principal and interest on the Notes, is entirely dependent upon the receipt of funds from its subsidiaries by way of dividends, intercompany loans, interest and other permitted payments from such operating subsidiaries, as well as various other business considerations. Each of these subsidiaries was formed under the laws of, and has its operations in, a country other than the United States. In addition, each of the Company's operating subsidiaries receives its revenues in the local currency of the jurisdiction in which it is situated. As a consequence, the Company's ability to obtain dividends or other distributions is subject to, among other things, restrictions on dividends under applicable local laws and foreign currency exchange regulations of the jurisdictions in which its subsidiaries operate. See "--Inflation; Exchange Rate and Currency Risk." The subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends, repay intercompany loans or make other distributions to the Company are also subject to their having sufficient funds from their operations legally available for the payment thereof which are not needed to fund their operations, obligations or other business plans and, in some cases, obtaining the approval of the creditors of these entities. The laws under which the Company's operating subsidiaries are organized provide generally that dividends may be declared out of yearly profits subject to the maintenance of registered capital and required reserves and after the recovery of accumulated losses. If the Company's subsidiaries are unable to pay any such dividends, repay intercompany loans or make any other such distributions to the Company, the Company's growth and its ability to meet its obligations on the Notes may be inhibited. Because the Company is a holding company that conducts its business through its subsidiaries, claims of creditors of such subsidiaries may have priority with respect to the assets of such subsidiaries over the claims of the Company and the holders of the Company's indebtedness such as the Notes. Accordingly, the Notes may effectively be subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities and commitments of the Company's subsidiaries, including trade payables. As of December 31, 1997, the Company's subsidiaries had approximately $21 million of such liabilities including approximately $14 million of indebtedness for money borrowed and capital lease obligations. Any right of the Company to receive assets of any subsidiary upon the liquidation or reorganization of such subsidiary (and the consequent rights of the holders of the Notes to participate in those assets) will effectively be subordinated to the claims of such subsidiary's creditors, except to the extent that the Company is itself recognized as a creditor, in which case the claims of the Company would still be subordinate to any security in the assets of such subsidiary and any indebtedness of such subsidiary senior to that held by the Company. The Company has no significant assets other than the stock of its subsidiaries. PRIORITY OF SECURED DEBT The indenture under which the Notes are to be issued permits, among other things, the Company to incur up to $55.0 million of (or to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. dollar equivalent thereof) indebtedness to finance the acquisition of ATM Network assets and for working capital for its ATM Network business or the grant of security for such indebtedness. In addition, the indenture permits, among other things, the Company to incur up to an aggregate of $200.0 million (or to the extent not denominated 14 in U.S. dollars, the U.S. dollar equivalent thereof) of other indebtedness. Following the application of the proceeds of the Offering, the Company's long term debt exclusive of the Notes will be approximately $3 million. Following the application of the proceeds of the Offering, the Company expects to continue to use lease-financing to acquire additional ATM machines. The incurrence of indebtedness under such finance leases is not restricted by the indenture. The Notes will be effectively subordinated to such indebtedness and any other existing or future secured indebtedness of the Company. In the event of a default on the Notes or bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization of the Company, the assets of the Company subject to such security interests would have to be made available to satisfy obligations of the secured debt of the Company before any payment could be made on the Notes. Accordingly, there may only be a limited amount of assets available to satisfy any claims of holders of the Notes upon an acceleration or maturity of the Notes. SIGNIFICANT CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS The development and expansion of the Company's ATM network and its ATM management services operations in Hungary, Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Croatia, France and other Central European markets, and the resulting operating losses will require substantial additional cash from outside sources. The Company anticipates that its substantial cash requirements will continue into the foreseeable future. Based on the Company's plans with respect to the installation of ATMs and the provision of ATM management services in Hungary, Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Croatia, France and other Central European markets in the near to medium term, and the Company's requirements with respect to related infrastructure and operational costs, management believes the net proceeds from the Offering and funds expected to be available through financing arrangements will provide sufficient funds necessary for the Company to expand its business as currently planned.planned through the year 2000. There can be no assurance, however, that additional financing will not be required orrequired. The Indenture limits, but does not prohibit the Company and its subsidiaries from incurring additional indebtedness, including indebtedness to fund working capital and operating losses and for the acquisition of assets related to its business. See "Description of the Notes-Certain Covenants." There can be no assurance that the Company will be availableable to raise additional required capital on satisfactory terms or at all. If the Company or, if available, thatis able to raise additional funds through the incurrence of debt, and it can be obtained on terms acceptabledoes so, it would likely become subject to the Company.additional restrictive financial covenants. Failure to obtain such financing could result in the delay or abandonment of some or all of the Company's acquisition, development and expansion plans and expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on its business prospects and the value of the Shares and limit the Company's ability to pay cash dividends on the Shares.business. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations --Operations-- Liquidity and Capital Resources." RISKS RELATED TO RAPID EXPANSION OF BUSINESS The continued rapid expansion and development of the Company's business will depend on various factors including the increasing demand for ATM services in the Company's current target markets, the ability to locate appropriate ATM sites and obtain necessary approvals for the installation of ATMs, the ability to install ATMs in an efficient and timely manner, the expansion of the Company's business into new countries as currently planned, entering into additional card acceptance agreements with banks, the ability to obtain sufficient numbers of ATMs on a timely basis and the availability of financing for such expansion. In addition, such expansion may involve acquisitions which, if made, could divert the resources and management time of the Company and require integration with the Company's existing networks and services. The Company's ability to manage effectively its rapid expansion will require it to continue to implement and improve its operating, financial and accounting systems and to expand, train and manage its employee base. The inability to manage effectively its planned expansion could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, growth, financial condition and results of operations. See "Business -- Strategy."Business--Strategy." 6 8 DEPENDENCE ON RELATIONSHIPS WITH BANKS AND INTERNATIONAL CARD ORGANIZATIONSORGANIZATIONS; TERMINATION OF OTP CONTRACT The Company's future growth depends on its ability to sign card acceptance agreements with banks and International Card Organizations which allow the Company's ATMs to accept credit and debit cards issued by such banks and International Card Organizations as well as the renewal ofretaining and renewing such card acceptance agreements, which generally provide for a two to five year term. The Company's card acceptance agreements 15 with banks generally include termination and/or renewal clauses, butwhich provide that either party may elect to terminate or not to renew an agreement upon completion of its term. BanksIn some cases, banks may elect not to renewterminate their contracts for reasons unrelatedwith the Company by giving notice prior to the Company and its performance.expiration of their terms. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to sign or maintain suchthe card acceptance agreements on terms and conditions acceptable to the Company or that International Card Organizations will continue to permit Euronet's ATMs to accept their credit and debit cards. The inability to continue to sign or maintain such agreements or to continue to accept the credit and debit cards of local banks and International Card Organizations at its ATMs in the future could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, growth, financial condition and results of operations. See "Business - -- Agreements"Business--Agreements with Card Issuers and International Card Organizations." In January 1998, OTP notified the Company that it was terminating its contract with Euronet effective as of July 27, 1998. As a result of this termination the Company will not have a direct connection with OTP and will not be able to accept OTP proprietary bank cards. The Company will however, still be able to accept all OTP issued Visa and EUROPAY cards through its VISA and EUROPAY gateways. As of December 31, 1997, the Company's contract with OTP represented approximately 51% of its consolidated revenues. The financial impact of the OTP contract termination is difficult to assess and there can be no assurance that this termination will not have a material adverse affect on the Company's financial condition and results of operations. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-- Comparison of Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997--Revenues." DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL The Company is dependent upon the services of certain of its executive officers for the management of the Company and the implementation of its strategy. Euronet's strategy and its implementation depend in large part on the founders of the Company, in particular Michael Brown and Daniel Henry, and their continued involvement in the Company in the future. Michael Brown, who is involved in strategy, planning and establishing operational procedures, resides in Leawood, Kansas and travels to Europe on a regular basis. Daniel Henry, who supervises the Company's day-to-day operations currently resides in Budapest, Hungary. Although Mr. Henry may relocate to Kansas City next year, he will continue to be involved in the Company's operations and in view of the Company's present geographic expansion plans will likely be responsible for overseeing the Company's expansion to the South American or Asian markets. The Company will employ a new executive officer to supervise the Company's day-to- day operations prior to Mr. Henry's relocation. This new executive would reside in Central Europe. The success of the Company also depends in part upon its ability to hire and retain highly skilled and qualified operating, marketing, financial and technical personnel. The competition for qualified personnel in Central Europe and the other markets where the Company conducts its business is intense and, accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to hire or retain the required personnel. Although the Company's officers and certain of its key personnel have entered into service or employment agreements containing non-competition, non-disclosurenon- disclosure and non-solicitation covenants and providing for the granting of incentive stock options with long-term vesting requirements, most of these contracts do not guarantee that these individuals will continue their employment with the Company. The loss of certain key personnel could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, growth, financial condition and results of operations. See "Management." DEPENDENCE ON ATM TRANSACTION FEES Transaction fees from banks and International Card Organizations for transactions processed on the Company's ATMs have historically accounted for substantially alla significant portion of the Company's revenues. The Company expects that revenues from ATM transaction fees will continue to account for a substantial majority of its revenues for the foreseeable future. Consequently, the Company's future operating results are almost entirely dependent on the increased issuance of credit and debit cards, increased market acceptance of Euronet's services in its target markets, the maintenance of the level of transaction fees received by the Company, installation by the Company of larger numbers of ATMs and continued usage of the Company's ATMs by credit and debit cardholders. A decline in usage of Euronet'sthe Company's ATMs by ATM cardholders or in the levels of fees received 16 by Euronetthe Company in connection with such usage would have a material adverse impact on the Company's business, growth financial condition and results of operations. COMPETITIONBanks also could elect to pass through to their customers all, or a large part of, the fees charged by the Company for transactions on its ATMs. This would increase the cost of using the Company's ATM machines to the bank's customers, which may cause a decline in use of the Company's ATM machines and, thus, have an adverse effect on revenues. LEGAL CONSTRAINTS ON CONDUCTING BUSINESS IN GERMANY AND FRANCE; DEPENDENCE ON FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS Under German law, ATMs in Germany may be operated only by licensed financial institutions. The Company, therefore, may not operate its own ATM network in Germany and must act, under its contract with Service Bank GmbH ("Service Bank"), as a subcontractor providing certain ATM-related services to Service Bank. As a result, the Company's activities in the German market currently are entirely dependent upon the continuance of the agreement with Service Bank, or the ability to enter into a similar agreement with another bank in the event of a termination of such contract. The inability to maintain such agreement or to enter into a similar agreement with another bank upon a termination of the agreement with Service Bank could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations in Germany. The Company is considering expansion into France, whose laws relative to the operation of ATMs are similar to those of Germany. Expansion into France would require the Company to establish and thereafter maintain a relationship with one or more French financial institutions. Although the Company has not yet identified a French financial institution, it has retained a managing director for France, and is exploring potential relationships with French financial institutions and is searching for potential ATM locations. There are currentlycan be no other independent, non-bank owned ATM networksassurance as to when or if the Company will be able to establish the necessary relationship for the commencement of operations in Central Europe.France. See "Business--the Euronet Network--Germany" and --"France" and "--Regulation." COMPETITION Principal competitors of the Company include ATM networks owned by banks and regional networks consisting of consortiums of local banks. Large, well financed companies may also establish ATM networks in competition with the Company in various markets. Competitive factors in the Company's business include network availability and response time, price to both the bank and to its customers, ATM location and access to other networks. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully in the future or that competition will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, growth, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, there can be no assurance that Euronet's competitors will not introduce or expand alternate methods of electronic funds transfertheir own ATM networks in the future which could lead to a decline in the usage of Euronet's ATMs. See "Business -- Competition."Business--Competition." 7 9 HOLDING COMPANY STRUCTURE RISKS The Company conducts all of its operations through its subsidiaries. Accordingly, the primary internal source of the Company's cash is dividends and other distributions from its subsidiaries. Each of these subsidiaries was formed under the laws of, and has its operations in, a country other than the United States. In addition, each of the Company's operating subsidiaries receives its revenues in the local currency of the jurisdiction in which it is situated. As a consequence, the Company's ability to obtain dividends or other distributions is subject to, among other things, restrictions on dividends under applicable local laws and foreign currency exchange regulations of the jurisdictions in which its subsidiaries operate. See "-- Inflation; Exchange Rate and Currency Risk." The subsidiaries' ability to make distributions to the Company are also subject to their having sufficient funds from their operations legally available for the payment thereof which are not needed to fund their operations, obligations or other business plans and, in some cases, obtaining the approval of the other partners, stockholders or creditors of these entities. The laws under which the Company's operating subsidiaries are organized provide generally that dividends may be declared by the shareholders out of yearly profits subject to the maintenance of registered capital and required reserves and after the recovery of accumulated losses. If the Company's subsidiaries are unable to make distributions to the Company, the Company's growth may be inhibited after the proceeds of the Offering are exhausted unless the Company is able to obtain additional debt or equity financing. See "-- Political, Economic and Legal Risks." The Company may not be able to obtain debt financing if its subsidiaries cannot make distributions to service the debt financing or obtain upstream guarantees from its subsidiaries with respect to such debt financing. Because the Company is the sole shareholder of each of its subsidiaries, the Company's claims as such will generally rank junior to all other creditors of and claimants against its subsidiaries. In the event of a subsidiary's liquidation, there may not be assets sufficient for the Company to recoup its investment therein. POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND LEGAL RISKS The Company's principal operating subsidiaries currently operate in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Croatia and Poland.other countries in Central Europe. These and other countries in Central Europe have undergone significant political and economic change in recent years. Changes in political,Political, economic, social and other developments in such countries may in the future have a material adverse effect on the Company's business. In particular, changes in laws or regulations (or in the interpretation of existing laws or regulations), whether caused by change in the government of such countries or otherwise, could materially adversely affect the Company's business, growth, financial condition and results of operations. Currently there are no limitations on the repatriation of profits from Hungary, Poland, or Hungary,the Czech Republic, Croatia and other countries in Central Europe, but there can be no assurance that foreign exchange control restrictions, taxes or limitations will not be imposed or increased in the future with regard to repatriation of earnings and investments from Poland and Hungary.such countries. If such exchange control restrictions, taxes or limitations are imposed, the ability of the Company to receive dividends or other payments from its subsidiaries could be reduced, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company. See "Business -- Government"Business--Government Regulation." 17 Prior to 1995 Croatia was involved in hostilities with Serbia and was also involved in the hostilities in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The hostilities in Croatia ended in a cease-fire in 1995 and the hostilities in Bosnia-Herzegovina ended in the Dayton Accords in 1995. No assurance can be given that the cease fire with Serbia will not be breached or that the peace process initiated by the Dayton Accords will continue. Any breakdown in the peace process or any failure of any of the relevant parties to abide by the cease-fire or the provisions of the Dayton Accords or the relevant agreements could result in the recommencement of hostilities in the region, which could have an adverse effect on the Croatian economy or Euronet's operations in Croatia. Annual inflation and interest rates in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Croatia and other countries in Central Europe have been much higher than those in Western Europe. Exchange rate policies have not always allowed for the free conversion of currencies at the market rate. Fluctuations of inflation, interest and exchange rates could have an adverse effect on the Company's business and the market value of the Shares. Corporate, contract, property, insolvency, competition, securities and other laws and regulations in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Croatia and other countries in Central Europe have been, and continue to be, substantially revised during the completion of their transition to market economies. Therefore, the interpretation and procedural safeguards of the new legal and regulatory systems are in the process of being developed and defined and existing laws and regulations may be applied inconsistently. Also, in some circumstances, it may not be possible to obtain the legal remedies provided for under those laws and regulations in a reasonably timely manner, if at all. In addition, transmittal of data by electronic means and telecommunications is subject to specific regulation in most Central European countries. Although such regulations have not had a material impact on the Company's business to date, there can be no assurance that any changes in such regulation, including taxation or limitations on transfers of data across national borders, would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, growth, financial condition and results of operations. 8 10Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Croatia and Hungaryother countries in Central Europe generally are considered by international investors to be emerging markets. There can be no assurance that political, economic, social and other developments in otherthese emerging markets will not have an adverse effect on the market valueCompany's operations and liquidity ofprofitability and, therefore, on the Shares. INFLATION;Company's ability to pay principal and interest on the Notes. INFLATION, EXCHANGE RATE AND CURRENCY RISK AlthoughThe Company operates primarily in Central Europe and Germany and, as a result, its business is affected by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates of the various countries in which it operates. With the exception of Germany where transaction fees are Deutche Mark denominated, transaction fees charged by the Company are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars or inflation adjusted, the Company generally receives paymentdenominated in local currency primarily Hungarian forints and Polish zlotys.inflation adjusted. A significant amount of the Company's expenditures in Central Europe, including the acquisition of ATMs and executive salaries, are made in U.S. dollars. Since the fall of Communist rule, both Hungary and Poland have experienced high levels of inflation and significant fluctuation in the exchange rate for their currencies. The Polish government has adopted policies that slowed the annual rate of inflation from approximately 600% in 1990 to approximately 22%15% in 1995.1997. In addition, the exchange rate for the zloty has stabilized and the rate of devaluation of the zloty has decreased significantly since 1991. However,Similarly, in Hungary, in recent years, the forint has continued to depreciate, principally by way of devaluation, against the major currencies of the OECD and has limited convertibility to other currencies. Significant amounts of the Company's expenditures, including for the acquisition of ATMs and executive salaries are madeThe inflation rate in U.S. dollars or are denominatedHungary was approximately 18.0% in U.S. dollars.1997. The Company attempts to match any assets denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars with liabilities denominated in the same currencies. Nonetheless inflation and currency exchange fluctuations have had, and maywill continue to have, an effect on the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. CONCENTRATIONThe Company anticipates that in the future a substantial portion of its assets will be denominated in the foreign currencies of each market. As exchange rates between these foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar fluctuate, the translation effect of such fluctuations may have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations or financial condition as reported in U.S. dollars. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Foreign Exchange Exposure" and "--Inflation and Functional Currencies." 18 In addition, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Deutsche Mark and the U.S. dollar will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of both the Deutsche Mark principal of and interest on the Notes. See "--Substitution Currency." SUBSTITUTION OF OWNERSHIP After completionCURRENCY Stage III of the Offering, directors, officersEuropean Economic and certain significant shareholdersMonetary Union ("Stage III") is presently anticipated to commence on January 1, 1999 for those member states of the European Union that satisfy the convergence criteria set forth in the Treaty on European Union. Part of Stage III is the introduction of a single currency (the "Euro") in substitution for the national currencies of such member states. Although there can be no assurance that the Euro will be adopted or, if adopted, on what time schedule, if Germany adopts the Euro, the regulations of the European Commission relating to the Euro shall apply to the Notes and the Indenture. In addition, it is anticipated that such member states will adopt legislation providing specific rules for the introduction of the Euro. The adoption of the Euro is not expected to alter the rights and obligations of the Company or the holders of the Notes under the Notes and the Indenture. See "Description of the Notes--Substitution of Currency". YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE The Company has made an assessment of the impact of the advent of the year 2000 on its systems and operations. The Processing Center will own beneficiallyrequire certain upgrades which have been ordered and are scheduled for installation by the fourth quarter of 1998. Most of the ATMs in the aggregateEuronet network are not year 2000 compliant, and hardware and software upgrades will be installed under contracts with the Company's ATM maintenance vendors. According to the Company's current estimates, the cost will be approximately 61%$1,000 per ATM, and the required installation will be finished by the end of 1998. The Company estimates that approximately 560 of its ATMs will require upgrades for year 2000 compliance. The Company is currently planning a survey of its bank customers concerning the compliance of their back office card authorization systems with year 2000 requirements, and anticipates launching such survey in the third quarter of 1998. If the Company's bank customers do not bring their card authorization systems into compliance with year 2000 requirements, the Company may be unable to process transactions on cards issued by such banks and may lose revenues from such transactions. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company's revenues. ABSENCE OF A PRIOR PUBLIC MARKET Prior to this Offering, there has been no public market for the Notes and there can be no assurance that an active trading market will develop or be sustained in the future. There may be significant volatility in the market price of the outstanding Shares. Such concentration of ownershipNotes due to factors that may haveor may not relate to the effect of delaying or preventing transactions involving an actual or potential change in controlCompany's performance. Application has been made to list the Notes on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange, although the liquidity of the market, if any, achieved through such listing may be limited. There can be no assurance that such application to the Luxembourg Stock Exchange will be approved or that the Company will be able to meet or continue to meet, the applicable listing requirements of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or any other recognized exchange. The Underwriter has advised the Company that it currently intends to make a market in the Notes but it is not obliged to do so and may discontinue market making activities at any time. If a market for the Notes were to develop, the Notes could trade at prices that may be lower than the initial offering price and could be significantly affected by various factors including transactionsactual and anticipated period-to-period fluctuations in whichthe Company's operating results, changes in currency exchange rates and other external factors, including general economic conditions in Hungary, Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic and Croatia and the Company's other markets or other events or factors. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." The liquidity of, and trading market for, the Notes may also be adversely affected by general declines in the market for similar securities. Such a decline may adversely affect such liquidity and trading markets independent of the financial performance of, and prospects for, the Company. 19 ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT The Notes will be issued at a substantial discount from their principal amount at maturity. Consequently, United States holders of Shares might receivethe Notes generally will be required to include amounts in gross income for U.S. Federal income tax purposes in advance of receipt of the cash payments to which the income is attributable. If a premiumbankruptcy case is commenced by or against the Company under the United States Bankruptcy Code after the issuance of the Notes, the claim of a holder of Notes may be limited to an amount equal to the sum of (i) the initial public offering price for their Shares over prevailing market prices. See "Principalthe Notes and Selling Shareholders" and "Description(ii) that portion of Capital Stock.the original issue discount that is not deemed to constitute "unmatured interest" for purposes of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Any original discount that was not amortized as of the date of the commencement of any such bankruptcy filing would constitute "unmatured interest." ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS Certain provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation (the "Certificate of Incorporation") and By-Laws (the "By-Laws") and of Delaware law could discourage potential acquisition proposals and could delay or impede a change in control of the Company. These provisions, among other things: (i) classify the Company's Board of Directors into three classes serving staggered three-year terms; (ii) permit the Board of Directors, without further stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock; and (iii) prohibit the Company from engaging in a business combination (as such term is defined in the Delaware law) with interested shareholders, except under certain circumstances. Such provisions could diminish the opportunities for a stockholder to participate in tender offers, including tender offers at a price above the then current market value of the Common Stock. The issuance of preferred stock could also adversely affect the voting power of the holders of Common Stock. The Company has no present plans to issue any preferred stock. See "Description of Capital Stock -- CertainStock--Certain Provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws" and "-- Preferred"--Preferred Stock." DILUTION TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS Investors subscribing for Shares in the Offering will incur immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value per Share of $10.12 (assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option and an initial public offering price equal to $13 per Share (the midpoint of the range specified on the cover page of this Prospectus)). See "Dilution." ABSENCE OF PRIOR PUBLIC TRADING MARKET FOR THE SHARES Prior to the Offering, there has been no public trading market for the Shares. Application will be made to list the Shares on the Nasdaq National Market in the United States. There can be no assurance that the market price of the Shares will not decline below the initial public offering price, which was determined by negotiation among the Company and representatives of the Underwriters. See "Underwriting" for a description of the factors 9 11 considered in determining the initial public offering price of the Shares. The trading prices of the Shares may be subject to wide fluctuations in response to many factors, including actual or anticipated period-to-period fluctuations in the Company's operating results, changes in currency exchange rates and other external factors, including general economic conditions in Poland, Hungary and the Company's other markets or other events or factors. In addition, the international stock markets have from time to time experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations which have particularly affected the market prices for early high-growth phase companies such as the Company. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market prices of the Shares. POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECT OF SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE Sales of substantial numbers of Shares following the Offering, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of the Shares. The Company and its directors,Directors, officers and certain other shareholders have agreed not to offer for sale, sell or otherwise dispose of (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or could be expected to, result in the disposition by any person of), directly or indirectly, any Shares, with certain limited exceptions, for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus without the prior written consent of ING Barings on behalf of the Underwriters. Presently, 9,585,569 Shares, and 8,429,560 Shares after giving effect to the Offering (assuming the Underwriters' over-allotment option is not exercised), held by the Company's existing shareholders are "restricted securities" within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Of such Shares, after giving effect to the Offering (assuming the Underwriters' over-allotment option is not exercised), 434,217 Shares will be eligible for resale under Rule 144 immediately following the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period described above, 6,863,709 Shares, 466,669 Shares and 664,965 Shares will not be eligible for resale under Rule 144 until March 27, 1998, October 14, 1998 and February [20], 1999, respectively. Such Shares may be resold only in compliance with the registration requirements of the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption therefrom. In addition, Michael Brown and the other existingsignificant shareholders of the Company, were granted rights entitling them, under specified circumstances, to causewhich are associated with certain directors of the Company, to register for sale all or partown beneficially in the aggregate approximately 63% of theirthe outstanding shares of Common Stock and to include such shares in any registered public offeringsthe Company. Such concentration of sharesownership may have the effect of Common Stock bydelaying or preventing transactions involving an actual or potential change in control of the Company. See "Principal Stockholders" and "Description of Share Capital -- Registration Rights", "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" and "Underwriting.Stock." In addition,The Indenture pursuant to which the notes are issued contains a provision which accelerates the maturity date of the 2,857,911 options to purchase Shares outstanding, 2,018,494 are currently exercisable. Any Shares issued onNotes in the exerciseevent of these options would be available for sale subject to Rule 701a change of control. Such provision may also delay or another exemption from the registration requirementsimpede a change of the Securities Act (including Regulation S under the Securities Act) following the expirationcontrol. See "Description of the 180-day lock-up period described above. Furthermore, the Company intends to register under the Securities Act, as soon as practicable following the Offering, approximately 3,094,511 shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance to its employees and directors under its employee benefits plans. See "Management." 10Notes". 20 12 USE OF PROCEEDS Assuming an offering price of $13 per Share (the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this Prospectus) and no exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the Underwriters, theThe net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the SharesNotes being offered by the Company hereby, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissionsdiscount and estimated offering expenses, are estimated to be approximately $36.9 million.$96.7 million (based on a Dollar--Deutsche Mark exchange rate of DM . = $1.00, the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in Deutsche Marks as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the "Noon Buying Rate") on . , 1998): The Company will not receive anycurrently intends to use the net proceeds from the saleOffering, together with the existing cash reserves of the Shares by the Selling Shareholders. The Company intendsapproximately $ . million at March 31, 1998, as follows: (i) approximately $60 to use approximately 80%$70 million to 90% of the proceeds to cover expenditures relating to the expansion and operation ofexpand its ATM network and the provision of ATM management services in its existing markets of Hungary, Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Croatia, and Poland,planned future markets such as well asFrance and Romania, including the purchase and installation of an aggregate of approximately 2,000 ATM machines in Germany and other central European countries. The primary costs incurredsuch markets through the year ending December 31, 1999; (ii) approximately $10 to build and operate$12 million to repay a significant portion of the Company's ATM network include installationcapitalized lease obligations which have an effective interest rate of ATMs, customs, duties, lease payments of ATMs, computerapproximately 13.5% per annum and network equipment, telecommunications, salaries, ATM maintenance and service fees, insurance, and other related items. Approximately 10% to 20% of(iii) the proceedsremainder will be reservedused for general corporate purposes, including expansion into new markets, the pursuit of possible strategic acquisition and joint venture opportunities consistent with the Company's strategy of expanding its ATM network and other businesses. The Company regularly explores acquisitionto fund operating losses and joint venture opportunities, although it currently has no agreements or understandings to enter into any such transactions.working capital needs. Pending utilization of the net proceeds from the Offering, the Company intends to invest such proceeds primarily in short-term investment grade interest-bearing securities. 11 13 DILUTION The Company's consolidated net tangible book value as of September 30, 1996 was $2.5 million. "Consolidated net tangible book value" is the consolidated book value of tangible assets less total liabilities. Investors subscribing for Shares in the Offering will incur immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value per Share of $10.12 (assuming an initial public offering price of $13 per Share, the midpoint of the range specified on the cover page of this Prospectus). The following table illustrates the effect of the Offering on consolidated net tangible book value:
PER SHARE ----------------- Initial public offering price............................................. $13.00 Pro forma consolidated net tangible book value before the Offering(1)... $ 0.68 Increase in consolidated net tangible book value attributable to new investors............................................................ $ 3.20 Pro forma consolidated net tangible book value after the Offering......... $ 3.88 ------ Dilution to new investors purchasing Shares(2)............................ $ 9.12 ======
- --------------- (1) Pro forma consolidated net tangible book value before the Offering per Share is determined by dividing the Company's consolidated net tangible book value at September 30, 1996securities issued by the number of Shares then outstanding. (2) Dilution, for this purpose, represents the difference between the initial public offering price per Share in the Offering and the pro forma consolidated net tangible book value per Share at September 30, 1996 after giving effect to the Offering.U.S. Federal Government or agencies or instrumentalities thereof. 21 CAPITALIZATION The following table sets forth on a pro forma basis as of September 30, 1996 the number of Shares issued by the Company, the total cash consideration paid to the Company, and the average price per Share paid by existing shareholders and by new investors purchasing the Shares offered by the Company hereby at an assumed initial public offering price of $13 per Share, the midpoint of the range specified on the cover page of this Prospectus:
SHARES PURCHASED TOTAL CONSIDERATION ------------------- -------------------- AVERAGE PRICE NUMBER PERCENT AMOUNT PERCENT PER SHARE --------- ------- ---------- ------- ------------- Existing shareholders(1)(2).............. 10,641,532 77.5% $11,685,802 22.5% $ 1.10 New investors(1)......................... 3,088,028 22.5% $40,144,364 77.5% $ 13.00 --------- ------- ---------- ------- Total(2)............................... 13,729,560 100.0% $51,830,166 100.0% ========= ====== ========== ======
- --------------- (1) Sales by Selling Shareholders of 2,211,972 Shares will reduce the number of Shares held by existing shareholders to 8,429,560, or 61%, and will increase the number of Shares held by new investors to 5,300,000 or 39%, of the total number of Shares outstanding after the Offering. See "Principal and Selling Shareholders." Includes 255,444 Shares to be issued upon the exercise of options in connection with the Offering and 800,520 Shares to be awarded in connection with the Offering. See "Management -- Stock Option Plans" and "Certain Transactions." (2) Excludes 2,857,911 Shares reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options to be outstanding upon completion of the Offering (of which options 2,018,494 will then be exercisable) at a weighted average exercise price of $1.77 per Share. See "Management -- Stock Option Plans." 12 14 DIVIDEND POLICY The Company currently intends to retain all future earnings to fund the development and growth of its business. Consequently, the Company does not anticipate paying dividends on the Shares in the foreseeable future. See "Description of Capital Stock -- Common Stock" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." 13 15 CAPITALIZATION The table below sets forth the cash and cash equivalents, short-term debt (including the current portion of long-term debt) and theactual capitalization of the Company on a consolidated basis at September 30, 1996 (i) on a historical basis for the Company's predecessor Euronet Holding N.V., (ii) on a pro forma basis giving effect to the Reorganization as if it had occurred on such dateDecember 31, 1997 and (iii) as adjusted to reflect the completion of the Offering (assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the Underwriters and an offering price of $13 per share (the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this Prospectus)) and the receipt and application of the estimated net proceeds therefrom. See "Use of Proceeds" and "Description of Capital Stock.the Notes."
AT SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 -------------------------------------- PRO PRO FORMA HISTORICAL FORMADECEMBER 31, 1997 --------------------- ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED ---------- --------------- ----------- (UNAUDITED) (IN THOUSANDS) Cash and cash equivalents.................................equivalents................................ $ 7767,516 $ 4,776 $41,734 Short-term borrowings (including current portion92,616 ======== ======== Investment securities(1)................................. $ 31,944 $ 31,944 ======== ======== Current installments of long-term debt)(1)...................................... 1,038 1,038 570obligations under capital leases(2)............................................... $ 3,140 $ 476 ======== ======= ======= Capital lease obligations,======== Long-term liabilities Obligations under capital leases, excluding current portion(2)... 2,363 2,363 2,363installments(2)..................................... $ 11,330 $ 2,444 Notes offered hereby(3).............................. -- 100,000 Other long-term liabilities............................... 60 60 60liabilities.......................... 169 169 -------- ------- --------------- Total long-term liabilities............................. 2,423 2,423 2,423 Shareholders' equityliabilities........................ 11,499 102,613 -------- -------- Stockholders' equity(4): Common stock(3), $0.01stock, $0.02 par value; 30,000,000 shares authorized; 9,585,56915,133,321 shares issued and outstanding pro forma and 13,729,560 shares issued and outstanding as pro forma adjusted..................................... 130 96 137outstanding.. 304 304 Additional paid in capital.............................. 6,612 5,699 43,084capital............................. 63,358 63,358 Subscription receivable................................. (3,000) -- --receivable................................ (253) (253) Treasury stock......................................... (4) (4) Accumulated losses(4)................................... (1,942) -- --losses..................................... (14,970) (14,970) Restricted reserve(5)................................... 742 742 742 --------- ------- -------reserve..................................... 784 784 -------- -------- Total shareholders' equity................................ 2,542 6,537 43,963stockholders' equity......................... 49,219 49,219 -------- -------- Total capitalization............................... $ 60,718 $151,832 ======== ======= ======= Total capitalization...................................... 4,965 8,960 43,386 ======== ======= =======
- ----------------------- (1) See Notes 7, 8At December 31, 1997, investment securities consisted of $7,967,000 of U.S. government securities and 13 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus.$23,977,000 of other securities. At March 5, 1998, U.S. government securities consisted of $7,840,000 and other securities consisted of $13,725,000. (2) See Note 87 to the Company'sNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus. (3) At September 30, 1996,The principal amount of Notes has been translated into U.S. dollars at the historical capital stockNoon Buying Rate on December 31, 1997 of Euronet Holding N.V. consisted of Common Shares, $0.01 par value; 5,600,000 shares authorized; 499,100 shares issued and outstanding; Series A Convertible Preferred Shares, $0.01 par value; 5,600,000 shares authorized; 4,419,800 shares issued and outstanding; and Series B Convertible Preferred Shares, $0.01 par value; 6,300,000 shares authorized; 4,200,000 shares issued and outstanding. (4) Accumulated losses of Euronet Holding N.V. have been reclassified as additional paid in capital in connectionDM 1.7991= $1.00, Interest on the Notes accrues with the Reorganization. (5)result that the principal amount of the Notes increases over time. The Company will be obligated to pay an aggregate amount of DM on the maturity of the Notes assuming no Notes are called for redemption prior to maturity and interest is paid on the Notes commencing on the fourth year following issuance. See Note 4"Description of the Notes". (4) See Notes 1 and 3 to the Company'sNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus. 1422 16 SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA The selectedsummary consolidated financial data set forth below with respect to the Company's statement of operations data for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994, the year ended December 31, 1995 and for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and with respect to the balance sheet data as of December 31, 1994 and 1995 and September 30, 1996 have been derived from, and are qualified by reference to, the audited Consolidated Financial Statementsconsolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Prospectus, prepared in accordanceconformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States ("U.S. GAAP,GAAP"), which have been audited by KPMG Polska Sp. z o.o., independent public accountants. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period or for the full year ending December 31, 1996. The selected consolidated financial data with respect to the Company's statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 1995 have been derived from the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, whichas of December 31, 1996 and 1997, and for each of the years in the opinion ofthree-year period ended December 31, 1997 (the "Consolidated Financial Statements"), and the Company, include all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the information contained therein.independent auditors' report thereon, are included elsewhere in this Prospectus. The Company believes that the period-to-period comparisons of its financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. The following information should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus.
PERIOD FROM NINE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 22, 1994 SEPTEMBER 30,(INCEPTION) YEAR ENDED (INCEPTION) TO ----------------------- DECEMBER 31, TO DECEMBER --------------------------------------- 31, 1994 1995 1996 1995 1995 1994 ---------1997 ----------- ------------ ------------- (UNAUDITED)----------- ----------- ----------- (IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA: Revenues: Transaction fees..............................fees......................... $ 577 $ 9-- $ 62 $ 1,198 $ 4,627 Other.................................... -- Other......................................... 61-- 63 663 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Total revenues......................... -- 62 1,261 5,290 Operating expenses: ATM operating costs...................... -- 510 1,176 5,172 Professional fees........................ 64 394 1,125 1,166 Salaries................................. 49 452 989 3,796 Communication............................ 12 20 263 818 Rent and utilities....................... 8 112 290 783 Travel and related costs................. 20 71 254 701 Fees and charges......................... -- 112 427 458 Share compensation expense............... -- -- 4,172(1) 108 Foreign exchange loss/(gain)............. 2 158 79 (8) Other.................................... 85 341 232 818 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Total operating expenses............... 240 2,170 9,007 13,812 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Operating loss......................... (240) (2,108) (7,746) (8,522) Other income/expenses: Interest income.......................... 12 126 225 1,609 Interest expense......................... -- (107) (378) (1,152) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Loss before income tax benefit............. (228) (2,089) (7,899) (8,065) Income tax benefit(2)...................... -- 148 323 100 ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- Net loss................................... (228) (1,941) (7,576) (7,965) =========== =========== =========== =========== Loss per share--basic and diluted(3)....... $ (0.02) $ (0.19) $ (0.73) $ (0.56) =========== =========== =========== =========== Weighted average number of shares outstanding(3)............................ 10,386,089 10,386,089 10,386,089 14,284,917
(footnotes appear on following page) 23
PERIOD FROM JUNE 22, 1994 (INCEPTION) TO YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, -------------------------------------- 1994 1995 1996 1997 -------------------------- ------------ ------------ (IN THOUSANDS) OTHER FINANCIAL DATA: EBITDA(4)............... $ (228) $(1,849) $(7,037) $ (5,152) Cash flows from operating activities... (258) (2,461) (2,255) (6,430) Cash flows from investing activities... (356) (418) (1,252) (39,320) Cash flows from financing activities... 2,650 1,254 5,637 50,635 Capital expenditures(5)........ 356 394 1,061 7,612 Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(6)....... -- -- -- --------- ------- -------- ----- Total revenues............................. 638 9 62 -- Expenses: ATM operating costs........................... 941 227 510 41 Professional fees............................. 828 262 394 64 Salaries...................................... 716 241 452 49 Foreign exchange loss......................... 88 168 158 2 Other......................................... 775 539 656 84 --------- ------- -------- ----- Total expenses............................. 3,348 1,437 2,170 240 Operating Loss.................................. (2,710) (1,428) (2,108) (240) Other income/expenses: Interest income............................... 177 107 126 12 Interest expense.............................. (241) (80) (107) -- --------- ------- -------- ----- Loss before income taxes........................ (2,774) (1,401) (2,089) (228) Deferred tax benefit(1)......................... 219 101 148 -- --------- ------- -------- ----- Net loss........................................ (2,555) (1,300) (1,941) (228) Pro forma loss per share........................ (0.19) Pro forma number of shares outstanding(2)....... 13,109,320
15 17
AS OF AS OF DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30, ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1994 1995 1996 1995 1994 ------------- ------ -------1997 -------------------------- ------------ ------------ (IN THOUSANDS)THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SUMMARY NETWORK DATA) CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA: Cash and cash equivalents....................................equivalents............ $ 7762,036 $ 411 $ 2,0362,541 $ 7,516 Investment Securities... -- -- 194 31,944 Working capital.............................................. (370)capital......... 2,071 526 2,071631 33,496 Total assets................................................. 7,432assets............ 2,527 4,519 2,527 Capital lease obligations,11,934 70,033 Obligations under capital leases, less current portion.............. 2,363installments... -- 1,119 3,834 11,330 Total stockholders' equity................. 2,422 2,097 5,136 49,219 SUMMARY NETWORK DATA: Number of operational ATMs at end of period.. -- Total shareholders' equity................................... 2,542 2,097 2,42253 166 693 ATM transactions during the period ............ -- 45,000 1,138,000 5,758,000 Average annual revenues per ATM ............... $ -- $ 1,170 $ 11,516 $ 12,317
- ----------------------- (1) The year ended December 31, 1996 includes a one-time non-cash compensation expense of $4,172,000 relating to the grant of certain employee and management options. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 9 to the Company'sNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus. (2) See Note 8 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus. (3) See Note 2(k) to the Company'sNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus for an explanation of the pro formaweighted average number of shares outstanding used in determining pro forma net loss per share. 16(4) EBITDA consists of net loss before depreciation and amortization, interest income, interest expense and income taxes. EBITDA is not a U.S. GAAP measure and should not be considered as an indicator of the Company's operating performance or as an alternative to U.S. GAAP measures of net income (loss) or to cash flow from operations under U.S. GAAP as a measure of liquidity. Management believes the presentation of EBITDA is helpful to investors as a measure of the Company's ability to service the debt. Management also believes that EBITDA is helpful to investors, because EBITDA will be used to determine compliance with certain covenants contained in the Indenture. The items excluded from EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing the Company's financial performance. (5) Capital expenditures do not include $1,906,000, $4,189,000 and $11,006,000 relating to ATMs acquired under capital lease obligations during the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. (6) For the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994 and for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, the Company incurred net losses and hence earnings to fixed charges indicate a less than one to one coverage. For the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994 and for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, earnings were inadequate to cover fixed charges with a coverage deficiency of $228,000, $1,941,000, $7,576,000 and $7,965,000 respectively. 24 18 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS GENERAL OVERVIEW The Company was formed and established its first office in Budapest (Hungary) in June 1994. In May 1995, the Company opened its second office, in Warsaw.Warsaw Poland. During 1997 the Company also opened offices in Berlin (Germany), Zagreb (Croatia), Prague (the Czech Republic), Paris (France) and Bucharest (Romania). To date, Euronet has devoted substantially all of its resources to establishing its ATM network in Hungary and Poland through the acquisition and installation of ATMs and computers and software for its transaction processing center pursuant to capital leases and through the marketing of its services to local banks as well as International Card Organizations. Euronet installed its first ATM in Hungary in June 1995, and at the end of 1995, the Company had 53 ATMs installed. An additional 46113 ATMs were installed during the first nine months of 1996 in Hungary and Poland and todayas of December 31, 1996, the Company's ATM network consistsconsisted of 165166 ATMs. During 1997 the Company installed a further 527 ATMs, consisting of 469 in Hungary and Poland and 58 in Germany and Croatia. With the expansion of operations, the Company has increased the number of its employees in Hungary from nine36 as of December 31, 19941996 to 2779 as of December 31, 1995 and 36 as of September 30, 1996.1997. In Poland, the Company increased the number of its employees from three as of September 30, 1995 to four21 as of December 31, 1995 and 181996 to 73 as of September 30, 1996.December 31, 1997. In 1997, the Company employed 9 people in Croatia, 8 in Germany, 7 in the Czech Republic, and 2 in France. In 1997, 99% of the Company's revenues were generated in Hungary and Poland. The Company's expansion of its network infrastructure and administrative and marketing capabilities has resulted in increased expenditures. Further planned expansion will continue to result in substantial increases in general operating expenses as well as expenses related to the acquisition and installation of ATMs. The Company has derived substantially all of its revenues from ATM transaction fees since inception. EuronetThe Company receives a fee from the card issuing banks or International Card Organizations for ATM transactions processed on its ATMs. As the Company continues to focus on expanding its network and installing additional ATMs, the Company expects that transaction fees will continue to account for a substantial majority of its revenues for the foreseeable future. The Company's existing contracts with banks and International Card Organizations provide for reduced transaction fees with increases in transaction volume. As the Company's transaction levels continue to increase, the average fee it receives per transaction will decrease. However, the Company expects that because the decrease in transaction fees is tied to an increase in transactional volume, the overall revenues of the Company should increase despite the fee discounts. However, the Company expects that transaction levels may, however, be negatively impacted if all or a large part of the transaction fees are passed on to cardholders by client banks. The transaction volumes processed on an ATM in any given market are affected by a number of factors, including location of the ATM and the amount of time the ATM has been installed at the location. The Company's experience has been that the number of transactions on a newly installed ATM is initially very low and takes approximately three to six months after installation to achieve average transaction volumes for that market. Accordingly, the average number of transactions, and thus revenues, per ATM are expected to increase as the percentage of ATMs operating in the Company's network for over six months increases. The Company recently began to sell advertising on its network by putting clients' advertisements on its ATMs. AlthoughATMs and the receipts. Advertising revenue accounted for approximately 10% of total consolidated revenues from advertising have been insignificant to date, Euronetduring 1997. The Company believes that advertising revenues will continue to increase as it expands its network and continues to market this service. The Company also intendsbegan to begin generatinggenerate revenues in Mayduring 1997 from ATM network management services that it offers to banks that own proprietary ATM networks. It is expected thatAlthough the revenues per transaction generated by the Company's ATM management services contracts generally will be lower than those generated by Acceptance Agreements. Due to lower costs resulting from not having to bear the expense of purchasing, installing and depreciating ATMs,date have been small, the Company believes that it nonetheless should obtain margins on providing such services similar to those obtainedrevenues from this service will increase in operating its own ATM network where the future. The Company bearshas had substantial increases in the costs associated with acquiringlevel of operations, including ATMs operated and installingtotal personnel in 1995, 1996 and 1997. In addition, the ATMs. See "Business -- Other Services." The Company was in its "start-up" phase, without significantthe development stage until June 1995 when it began operations or significant revenues, in all periods under discussion. In addition, the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994 does not represent a full year of operations.Hungary. As a result, a comparison of the Company's results of operations between such periodsyears is not necessarily meaningful. 25 The Company's expenses consist of ATM operating expenses and other operating expenses. ATM operating expenses are generally variable in nature and consist primarily of ATM site rentals, depreciation of ATMs and ATM installation costs, maintenance, telecommunications, insurance, and cash delivery and security services to ATMs. ATM operating expenses will necessarily increase as the Company's network expands. Other operating expenses consist of items such as salaries, professional fees, communication and travel related expenditures. While these expenditures are anticipated to increase with the Company's expansion into new markets and the introduction products, other operating expenses are expected to decrease as a percentage of total revenues. COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1996 COMPARED TO NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1995 AND YEARFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1995, COMPARED TO THE PERIOD FROM JUNE 22, 1994 (INCEPTION) TO DECEMBER 31, 19941996 AND 1997 Revenues. Total revenues increased to $638,000$5,290,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30, 1996December 31, 1997 from $9,000$1,261,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1996 and $62,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995. ThisThe increase wasin revenues both in 1997 and 1996 were due primarily to the significant increase in transaction fees resulting from the increase in transaction volume attributable to additional network connections to credit and debit card issuers and an increase in the number of ATMs operated by the Company during these periods. The Company had 53 ATMs, 166 ATMs, and 693 ATMs installed at the nine months ended September 30, 1996.end of 1995, 1996, and 1997, respectively. Transaction fee revenue represented approximately 90%87% of total revenues for the nine monthsyear ended September 30, 1996December 31, 1997 and increased to $577,000 from $9,00095% of total revenues for the same periodyear ended December 31, 1996. Revenues in 1995.the year ended December 31, 1995 consisted entirely of transaction fees. Transaction fees charged by the Company vary for the three types of transactions that canare currently be processed on the Company's ATMs: cash withdrawals, balance inquiries and transactions not completed because 17 19 authorization is not given by the relevant Card Issuer. Approximately 87%98% of transaction fees in the nine months ended September 30,1997, as compared to 92% in 1996, were attributable to cash withdrawals,withdrawals. The remaining 2% in 1997 and 13%8% in 1996 were attributable to balance inquiries and transactions not completed because authorization is not given by the relevant Card Issuer. Transaction fees for cash withdrawals arevary from market to market but generally in excess of $1.00range from $0.60 to $1.75 per transaction while transaction fees for the other two types of transactions are generally substantially less. In January 1998, OTP notified the Company that it was terminating its contract with Euronet effective as of July 27, 1998. As a result of this termination, the Company will not have a direct connection with OTP and will not be able to accept OTP proprietary bank cards. The Company will, however, still be able to accept all OTP issued VISA and EUROPAY cards through its VISA and EUROPAY gateways. For the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company's contract with OTP represented approximately 51% of its consolidated revenues. The financial impact of the OTP contract termination is difficult to assess. The Company believes that such impact may be mitigated in part because (i) the Company believes that VISA and EUROPAY cards represent over 95% of the cards issued by OTP and (ii) the Company receives a higher fee for transactions processed through its VISA and EUROPAY gateway(s) than for OTP proprietary bank cards. However, the Company believes that some of OTP's cardholders will be dissuaded from patronizing Euronet's ATMs due to the higher fees passed through to customers for transactions processed through the VISA and EUROPAY connection. Other revenues of $61,000$663,000 and $63,000 for the first nine months ofyears ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 consisted primarily of advertising revenue. The Company generatedincrease during 1997 results from the increase in the number of ATMs operated by the Company. There were no other revenues of $62,000 duringin 1995. Operating expenses. Total expenses increased to $13,812,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995 and the Company generated no revenues during the period1997 from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994. The Company had no ATMs installed until June 1995 and it had 53 ATMs installed at the end of 1995. Revenues in$9,007,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995 consisted entirely of transaction fees. Operating expenses. Total expenses increased by $1.9 million to $3.3 million1996 and from $2,170,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30, 1996 from $1.4 million for the nine months ended September 30,December 31, 1995. This increase wasin both years were due primarily to costs associated with the installation of significant numbers of ATMs during the periodperiods and expansion of the Company's operations during the period. Totalperiods. In addition a share compensation expense of $4,172,000 relating to the grant of certain employee and management options was charged to operating expenses increased by $1.9 million to $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 1995 from $240,000 for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994. This increase was due primarily to costs associated with the installation of significant numbers of ATMs during the period and significant expansion of the Company's operations during the period, including the installation of additional ATMs.in 1996. ATM operating costs, which consist primarily of ATM site rentals, depreciation of ATMs and costs associated with installing and maintaining, ATMs and providing telecommunications and cash delivery services to ATMs increased $714,000 to $941,00026 $5,172,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30, 1996December 31, 1997 from $227,000$1,176,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1996 and from $510,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995. The percentage of ATM operating costs to total operating expenses for the nine monthsyear ended September 30, 1996 grewDecember 31, 1997 increased to 28%37% as compared to 16%13% for the same period inyear ended December 31, 1996, and 24% for the year ended December 31, 1995. The increase in ATM operating costs was primarily attributable to costs associated with operating the increased number of ATMs in the network during the period.periods. The number of ATMs installed increased from 1653 to 99166 from September 30,December 31, 1995 to September 30, 1996. ATM operating costsDecember 31, 1996, and from 166 to 693 from December 31, 1996 to December 31, 1997. Professional fees increased $469,000 to $510,000$1,166,000 for the year ended December 31, 19951997 from $41,000$1,125,000 for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) throughyear ended December 31, 1994. The increase in ATM operating costs was primarily attributable to the installation of 53 ATMs during 1995. Professional fees increased $566,000 to $828,000 for nine months ended September 30, 1996 and from $262,000$394,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1995. This increaseThe fees in 1997, primarily legal, related to its expansion to new markets. The level of fees in 1996 was due primarily to legal fees incurred duringattributable to the nine months ended September 30, 1996 attributable toinvestment by new investors in the Company, the interim reorganization of the Company into a Netherlands Antilles Company and the expansion of the Company's operations into Poland. In connection with the Offering, the Company was reorganized as a Delaware corporation. Professional feesSalaries increased to $3,796,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995 increased to $394,0001997 from $64,000$989,000 for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) throughyear ended December 31, 1994.1996 and from $452,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995. The increase from 1995 to 1996 reflected the increase in 1995 was due primarilyemployees from 31 to legal fees attributable57 and the increase from 1996 to the execution of an agreement with the Company's investors providing for additional investments by investors in the Company, the acquisition of SatComNet Kft., a shell entity with minimal operations, and additional card acceptance agreements. Salaries increased $475,000 to $716,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 1996 from $241,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 1995. The increase1997 reflected the increase in the number of employees in the Company, especially in Poland where the number of employees increased from three57 to 18 from September 30, 1995 to September 30, 1996. In Hungary, the Company increased the number of employees to 36 at September 30, 1996 compared to 25 employees at September 30, 1995. Salaries178, as discussed above. Communication, Rent and Utilities, and Travel related costs increased to $452,000 in the year ended December 31, 1995 from $49,000 in the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994. The increase reflected the significant increase in the number of employees in the Company during 1995. 18 20 The Company had foreign exchange losses of $88,000, $168,000, $158,000,$818,000, $783,000, and $2,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and 1995, the year ended December 31, 1995, and for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994, respectively. Exchange gains and losses resulting from remeasurement of assets and liabilities are recognized in income when they occur. See Note 2(c) of the Consolidated Financial Statements. A substantial portion of assets and liabilities of the Company are denominated in U.S. dollars, including, for instance, shareholders' equity and capital lease obligations. Additionally, it is the Company's policy to attempt to match local currency receivables and payables. Hence, the amount of unmatched assets and liabilities giving rise to foreign exchange gains and losses is relatively limited, consisting mostly of cash and cash equivalents. Other expenses, which includes general and administrative expenses other than salaries, such as office rent, utilities, travel expenses and lease restructuring costs, increased $236,000 to $775,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 1996 from $539,000 for the same period in 1995. This increase was due primarily to the growth of operations in both Hungary and Poland. Other expenses increased to $656,000 in the year ended December 31, 1995 from $84,000 for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994. This increase was due primarily to expansion of the Company's operations during 1995. Other expenses$701,000 respectively for the year ended December 31, 19951997 from $263,000, $290,000, and $254,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1996, and $20,000, $112,000, and $71,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995. The increases in all cases relate to the expansion of the Company's operations in both years, as previously discussed. Fees and charges increased to $458,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997 from $427,000 and $112,000 for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively. These costs include $76,000$207,000 and $133,000,$76,000, respectively, of expenses which the Company has recorded as charges for penalties relating to the late payments of customs duties and Hungarian value added taxes in connection with the restructuring of its ATM leases in Hungary. Prior to thisany such restructuring, such leases were structured as operating leases for Hungarian accounting purposes (although treated as capital leases for U.S. GAAP purposes), and its ATMs have therefore been imported under a temporary import scheme. The ATMs are subject to a "re-export" requirement and this has the effect of postponing payment of customs duties. The Company has decided to restructure such lease arrangements as capital leases for Hungarian accounting purposes, and the Company recorded the related penaltiescharges as other expenses. Customs duties have been capitalized as part of the cost of the ATMs under capital lease and depreciated over the useful lives of the ATMs. Share compensation of $4,172,000, with respect to the grant of certain employee and management options, was recorded in 1996. The non-cash charge, calculated in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, represents the difference between the estimated fair market value of the Shares underlying such options at the date of option grant and the exercise price. Estimated fair market value at the grant dates in the last quarter of 1996 was assumed to be the cash price for the sale of Shares in the next succeeding third party purchase of Shares, which accrued in February 1997. With respect to these options, an additional $343,000, is being amortized over the remaining vesting period of such options. Of this amount, $108,000 has been expensed during the year ended December 31, 1997. See Note 9 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Prospectus. The Company had a net foreign exchange gain of $8,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997, and net foreign exchange losses of $79,000, and $158,000, during the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Exchange gains and losses that result from remeasurement of assets and liabilities are recorded in determining net loss. See Note 2(c) of the Consolidated Financial Statements. A substantial portion of the assets and liabilities of the Company are denominated in U.S. dollars, including, for instance, fixed assets, shareholders' equity and capital lease obligations. Additionally, it is the Company's policy to attempt to match local currency receivables and payables. Hence, the amount of unmatched assets and liabilities giving rise to foreign exchange gains and losses is relatively limited, consisting mostly of cash and cash equivalents. The Company has invested 27 in German mark denominated government securities as a hedge against certain German mark denominated lease obligations. Other operating expenses, which include marketing, depreciation, which represents significant increase in non-ATM related assets, and insurance, increased to $818,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997 from $232,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996 and $341,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995. These increases were in line with the expansion of the Company's operations during such periods. The increase of $586,000 in 1997 over 1996 results primarily from the expansion into new and existing markets. Other income/expense. Interest income increased $70,000 to $177,000$1,609,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30, 1996December 31, 1997 from $107,000$225,000 for the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1996 and $126,000 for the year ended December 31, 1995. The increase in 1997 was the result of the investments made by the Company in U.S. State and Municipal obligations, Corporate debentures, U.S. Federal Agency and foreign government obligations using the proceeds from the 1997 equity offering. The amount held under such investments at December 31, 1997 was $31,944,000 compared to $194,000 at December 31, 1996. During 1996 the increase was due to larger amounts held in interest bearing accounts, during the nine months ended September 30, 1996, including restricted cash held as security for certain of the Company's vendors, banks supplying cash to Euronet's ATMs and certain other parties. See "-- Liquidity"--Liquidity and Capital Resources". Interest expense relating principally to capital leases of ATMs and Euronet's computer systems increased $161,000 to $241,000 in$1,152,000 during the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1997 from $378,000 during the year ended December 31, 1996 from $80,000 inand $107,000 during the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1995. This increase was due primarily to the increase of capital lease obligations outstanding during the period. Interest income for the year ended December 31, 1995 increased $114,000 to $126,000 from $12,000 for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994. This increase reflected larger amounts held in interest bearing accounts during the period. Interest expense increased to $107,000 in the year ended December 31, 1995 from none in the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994. This increase was due primarily to the installation of the Company's first ATMs during 1995 and the associated capital lease interest costs.periods. Net loss. The Company's net loss increased $1.3 million to $2.6 million$7,965,000 during the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1997 from $7,576,000 during the year ended December 31, 1996 from $1.3 million forand $1,941,000 during the nine monthsyear ended September 30,December 31, 1995 as a result of the factors discussed. The Company's net loss increased to $1.9 million during the year ended December 31, 1995 from $228,000 for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994 as a result of the factors discussed. 19 21discussed above. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Since its inception, the Company has sustained negative cash flows from operations and has financed its operations and capital expenditures primarily through the proceeds from the 1997 equity offering, through equipment lease financing and through private placements of equity securities and through equipment lease financing.securities. The net proceeds of such transactions, together with revenues from operations and interest income have been used to fund aggregate net losses of approximately $4.7 million$17,710,000 and investments in property, plant and equipment. The Company had cash and cash equivalents of $776,000$7,516,000 and working capital of $(370,000)$33,496,000 at September 30, 1996.December 31, 1997. The Company also had $783,000$847,000 of restricted cash held as security with respect to cash provided by banks participating in Euronet's ATM network, to cover guarantees to a customer and as deposits with customs officialsofficials. The Company expects to continue to generate losses from operating activities, negative EBITDA and as deposits relatingnegative cash flow while it concentrates on the expansion of its ATM network business. As a result of the Company's strategy of continuing expansion and increasing its market share, the Company's net losses are expected to ATM equipment leases.increase. There can be no assurance that the Company's revenues will grow or be sustained in future periods or that the Company will be able to achieve or sustain profitability or positive cash flow from operations in any future period. If the Company cannot achieve and sustain operating profitability or positive cash flow from operations, it may not be able to meet its debt service or working capital requirements, including its obligations with respect to the Notes. See "Risk Factors-- Limited Operating History; Historical and Future Operating Losses and Negative Cash Flow." The Company leases the majority of its ATMs under two principal capital lease arrangements that expire in Julybetween 1999 and January 2001, respectively.2002. The leases bear interest atbetween 11% and 15% and 11%, respectively.. As of September 30, 1996December 31, 1997 the Company owed approximately $2.9$14.5 million under such capital lease arrangements. The amount owed byCompany anticipates using approximately $10,000,000 to $12,000,000 of the Companyproceeds from the Offering to repay a significant portion of the amounts outstanding under such lease agreements is expected to increase significantly asarrangements. At December 31, 1997, the Company continues to lease increased numbershad contractual capital commitments of ATMs in pursuit of its business strategy.approximately $1.2 million. The Company expects that its capital requirements will increase in the future as it pursues its strategy of 28 expanding its network and increasingincrease the number of ATMs installed.installed ATMs. The Company anticipates that its capital expenditures for the 12 months ending December 31, 19971998 will total approximately $9$30 million, primarily in connection with the acquisition of ATMs, pursuant to capital leases, including initial down payments and scheduled capital lease payments on existing lease obligations, and related installation costs. Aggregate capital expenditures for 19971998 and 19981999 for such purposes are expected to reach approximately $30 million.$60-70 million in its existing markets which assumes the installation of approximately 2,000 additional ATMs over the next two years in accordance with the Company's current strategy. See "Business--Strategy". These requirements contemplate both planned expansion in Hungary, and Poland, and expected expansion in Germany, Croatia, the Czech Republic and certain other Central European markets. Acquisitions of related businesses in Central Europe and other markets in furtherance of the Company's strategy wouldmay require additional capital expenditures. The Company anticipates thatbelieves the estimated net proceeds offrom the Offering, and the interest earned thereon, together with its existing capital resourcescash flows from operations and anticipated cash flowremaining proceeds from planned operations,the 1997 equity offering, will be adequate to satisfy its capital requirements, capital lease payment obligations and other requirements, including possible acquisitions, until the Company begins to generate sufficient cash flows to fund the company's operating losses, debt service requirements and capital expenditures associated with its operations.expansion plans through the year 2000. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company will achieve or sustain profitability or generate significant revenues in the future. It is possible that the Company may seek additional equity or debt financing in the future. INFLATION SinceThe Company will have substantial indebtedness after the fallOffering. As of Communist rule, both HungaryDecember 31, 1997, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering and Poland have experienced high levelsthe application of inflationthe net proceeds therefrom, the Company's total indebtedness would be approximately $103.1 million, its stockholders' equity would be approximately $49.2 million and the Company's total assets would be approximately $158.5 million. The Indenture limits, but does not prohibit, the Company and its subsidiaries from incurring additional indebtedness. See "Description of the Notes." If an opportunity to consummate a strategic acquisition arises or if one or more new contracts is executed requiring a more rapid installation of ATM machines or a significant fluctuationincrease in the exchange ratenumber of ATM machines in any market area, the Company may require substantial additional financing for their currencies. In particular,such purpose and to fund its working capital needs. Such additional financing may be in the Hungarian forint has continued to depreciate, principally by wayform of devaluation, againstadditional indebtedness which would increase the major currenciesCompany's overall leverage. See "--Significant Capital Requirements" and "Selected Financial Data", "Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Description of Notes". The level of the OECD in recent years and has limited abilityCompany's indebtedness could have important consequences to convert to other currencies. Although revenues generally are received byholders of the Notes, including the following: (i) the Company may not be able to generate sufficient cash flows to service the Notes and its other outstanding indebtedness and to fund adequately its planned capital expenditures and operations; (ii) the ability of the Company to obtain any necessary financing in local currency, primarily Hungarian forints and Polish zlotys,the future for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements or other purposes may be limited or such financing may be unavailable; (iii) a substantial portion of the Company's Acceptance Agreements and agreements relatingcash flow, if any, must be dedicated to the provisionpayment of principal and interest on its indebtedness and other obligations and will not be available for use in its business; (iv) the Company's level of indebtedness could limit its flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business and markets; and (v) the Company's high degree of indebtedness will make it more vulnerable to changes in general economic conditions and a downturn in its business, thereby making it more difficult for the Company to satisfy its obligations under the Notes. The Company must substantially increase its net cash flows in order to meet its debt service obligations, including obligations under the Notes, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet such obligations, including its obligations under the Notes. If the Company is unable to generate sufficient cash flows or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments or if it otherwise fails to comply with the various covenants under its indebtedness, it would be in default under the terms thereof, which would permit the holders of such indebtedness to accelerate the maturity of such indebtedness and could cause defaults under other indebtedness of the Company. Such defaults could result in a default on the Notes and could delay or preclude payments of interest or principal thereon. See "--Significant Capital Requirements". BALANCE SHEET ITEMS Cash and cash equivalents. The increase of cash and cash equivalents to $7,516,000 at December 31, 1997 from $2,541,000 at December 31, 1996 is due to the expansion of operations in the countries where the Company 29 operated in 1996 and the new countries in which the Company has commenced operations in 1997. For the same reasons, restricted cash increased from $152,000 at December 31, 1996 to $847,000 at December 31, 1997. The increase in 1997 was primarily attributable to a lease deposit. The increase in investment securities from $194,000 at December 31, 1996 to $31,944,000 at December 31, 1997 was due to the investment of proceeds from the 1997 equity offering not currently used in funding the Company's operations. Cash and cash equivalents increased from $411,000 at December 31, 1995 to $2,541,000 at December 31, 1996 due primarily to the subscription for shares by certain shareholders on March 27. Restricted cash decreased from $180,000 at December 31, 1995 to $152,000 at December 31, 1996, and investment securities increased from none at December 31, 1995 to $194,000 at December 31, 1996. Property, plant and equipment. Total property, plant and equipment increased from $7,906,000 at December 31, 1996 to $26,439,000 at December 31, 1997. This increase is due primarily to the installation of 527 ATMs during 1997. The increase in total property, plant and equipment from $2,656,000 at December 31, 1995 to $7,906,000 at December 31, 1996 is due primarily to the installation of 113 ATMs in 1996. Deposits for ATM management services generally provideleases. Deposits for feesATM leases increased from $666,000 at December 31, 1996 to $2,542,000 at December 31, 1997 as a result of the Company's expansion. Lease deposits at December 31, 1995 were $772,000. Obligations under capital leases. In connection with the increase of property, plant and equipment, obligations under capital leases increased from $384,000 at December 31, 1995 to $4,471,000 at December 31, 1996 to $14,470,000 at December 31, 1997. The majority of the 482 ATMs installed in 1997 and the 166 ATMs installed in 1995 and 1996 were financed under capital leases. Trade accounts payable. Trade accounts payable increased from $1,670,000 at December 31, 1996 to $4,420,000 at December 31, 1997. The increase is due primarily to the significant increase in operations in 1997, including approximately $2,000,000 related to ATM purchases. The increase of trade accounts payable from $364,000 at December 31, 1995 to $1,670,000 at December 31, 1996 is also attributable to a significant increase in operations in 1996. These increases are consistent with the Company's projected growth in the earlier years of its operations. FOREIGN EXCHANGE EXPOSURE In 1997, 99% of the Company's revenues were generated in Poland and Hungary. While in Hungary the majority of revenues received are to be US dollar denominated, this is not the case in Poland, where the majority of revenues are denominated in U.S. dollarsPolish zloty. However the majority of these contracts are linked either to inflation or the retail price index. While it remains the case that are inflation adjusted. Aa significant portion of the Company's expenditures including costs associated with the acquisition of ATMs and executive salaries, are made in or are denominated in U.S. dollars. Adollars the Company is also striving to achieve more of its expenses in local currencies to match its revenues. The Company anticipates that in the future, a substantial portion of the Company's assets, including fixed assets, will be denominated in the local currencies of each market. As a result of continued European economic convergence, including the increased influence of the Deutsche Mark, as opposed to the U.S. dollar, on the Central European currencies, the Company expects that the currencies of the markets where the proceeds from the offering will be used will fluctuate less against the Deutsche Mark than against the Dollar. Accordingly, the Company believes that the issuance of Deutsche Mark denominated debt will provide, in the medium to long term, for a closer matching of assets and liabilities than a dollar denominated issuance would. INFLATION AND FUNCTIONAL CURRENCIES In recent years, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic have experienced high levels of inflation. Consequently, these countries' currencies have continued to decline in value against the major currencies of the CompanyOECD over this time period. However, due to the significant reduction in the inflation rate of these countries in recent years, it is expected that none of these countries will be considered to have a hyper-inflationary economy 30 in 1998. Therefore, since Poland will no longer be considered hyper- inflationary beginning in 1998 and a significant portion of the Company's Polish subsidiary's revenues and expenses are also denominated in zloty, the functional currency of the Company's Polish subsidiary will now be the zloty. The functional currency of the Company's Hungarian subsidiary will continue to be the U.S. dollars, including shareholders' equitydollar. It is expected that the functional currency of the Company's Czech subsidiary will also be the U.S. dollar. Germany and capital lease obligations. The Company attempts to matchFrance have experienced relatively low and stable inflation rates in recent years. Therefore, the local currencies in each of these markets is the functional currency. Although Croatia, like Germany and France, has maintained relatively stable inflation and exchange rates, the functional currency receivables and payables. Hence,of the amount of unmatched assets and liabilities giving rise to foreign exchange gains and lossesCroatian company is relatively limited, consisting mostly of cash and cash equivalents. Nonetheless,the U.S. dollar due to the extentsignificant level of U.S. dollar denominated revenues and expenses. Due to the factors mentioned above, the Company does not believe that inflation exceeds the devaluation of local currencies, the financial condition andwill have a significant effect on results of operations or financial condition. The Company continually reviews inflation and the functional currency in each of the countries that it operates in. The Company may be affectedhas made an assessment of the impact of the advent of the year 2000 on its systems and operations. The Processing Center will require certain upgrades which have been ordered and are scheduled for installation by inflationthe fourth quarter 1998. Most of the ATMs in the countries whereEuronet network are not year 2000 compliant, and hardware and software upgrades will be installed under contract with Company's Euronet's ATM maintenance vendors. According to the Company's current estimates, the cost will be approximately $1,000 per ATM, and the required installation will be finished by the end of 1998. The Company estimates that approximately 560 of its operations are located. 20ATMs will require upgrades for year 2000 compliance. See "Business--Year 2000 Compliance." IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS The Company, effective for the year ended December 31, 1997, has adopted the following Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS): SFAS No. 128, "Earnings per Share." Pursuant to the provisions of the statement, basic loss per share has been computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The effect of potential common shares (stock options outstanding) is anti-dilutive. Accordingly, dilutive loss per share does not assume the exercise of stock options outstanding. SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income." Comprehensive income can be defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. It includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. The Company had no significant comprehensive income during the period. SFAS No. 131, "Disclosure about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information." The Company has one industry segment but operates in a number of geographical segments. The Company has disclosed separately its two major geographical segments in 1997, being Hungary and Poland as required by SFAS No.131. 31 22 BUSINESS OVERVIEW EuronetThe Company operates the only independent, non-bank owned automatic teller machine ("ATM") network in Central Europe, as a service provider to banks and other financial institutions. The Company was established in 1994 currently operatesand commenced operations in June 1995. Since it commenced operations, the Company has undertaken a rollout of its ATM network with 53, 166 and 693 ATMs in operation at December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. As of February 28, 1998 the Company operated a network of 165754 state of the art ATMs, 130 of which arewith 348 located in Hungary, 317 in Poland, 54 in Germany, 32 in Croatia and 35 of which are located3 in Poland.the Czech Republic. Through agreements and relationships established with local banks, international credit and internationaldebit card issuers and ATM networksassociations of card issuers such as American Express, Diners Club International, VISA, Plus, Mastercard Europay and CirrusEUROPAY (together "International Card Organizations") Euronet's, the Company's ATMs are able to process ATM transactions for holders of credit and debit cards issued by or bearing the logologos of such banks and International Card Organizations. In addition, through its sponsorship arrangements with banks which issue VISA and EUROPAY cards, the Company is able to accept cards with the PLUS and Cirrus logos. The Company receives a fee from the relevant card issuing banksbank or International Card OrganizationsOrganization for allany ATM transactions processed on itsthe Company's ATMs. Subject to full evaluation of market opportunities, the Company expects to install approximately 800 additional ATMs during 1998. The Company also offers outsourcedout-sourced ATM management services to local banks that own proprietary ATM networks for which the Company also receives fees ona fixed monthly fee and a per transaction basisfee. The Company's Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ National Market under the symbol "EEFT" and based on its share price as of the close of . , 1998 the Company's equity market capitalization was approximately $ . million. As of December 31, 1997, Euronet's ATM machines accepted approximately 99% of the domestic credit and debit cards issued in Hungary and 63% of the domestic credit and debit cards issued in Poland. The Company is able to accept substantially all of the domestic credit and debit cards issued in Germany due to its connection, through a sponsorship agreement with the German bank, Service Bank GmbH, to a central transaction authorization switch in Germany. In Croatia, the Company currently accepts 13% of the issued credit and debit cards, and it expects to be able to accept 34% by the end of March 1998 through an agreement signed with Atlas American Express. The Company is at the early stages of establishing its network in the Czech Republic where it currently operates three ATMs which are currently able to accept VISA cards. The Company believes that one of the most important factors in determining the success of an ATM network is the location of the ATMs. The Company's strategy is to establish sites for its ATMs that provide high visibility and cardholder utilization. As part of this strategy, the Company identifies major pedestrian traffic locations where people need quick and convenient access to cash. Key target locations for Euronet's ATMs include (i) major shopping malls, (ii) busy intersections, (iii) local smaller shopping areas offering grocery stores, supermarkets and services where people routinely shop, (iv) mass transportation hubs such as city bus and subway stops, rail and bus stations, airports and gas stations, and (v) tourist and entertainment centers such as historical sections of cities, cinemas, and recreational facilities. Recognizing that convenience and reliability are principal factors in attracting and retaining ATM customers, the Company has invested in the establishment of advanced ATM machines and monitoring systems, as well as on a monthly basis.redundancies to protect against network interruption. Approximately 87% of the Company's machines are available to customers 24 hours per day (with the majority of the balance of the machines being limited by retail hours of operation in the particular location.) The performance and cash positions of the Company's ATMs are monitored centrally, with local operations and maintenance contractors dispatched to fill and service the machines. The Company's machines in all markets, except Germany, are linked by satellite or land based telecommunications lines to the Company's central processing center in Budapest (the "Processing Center"). In order to obtain transaction authorization, the Processing Center interfaces with either the bank or International Card Organization that issued the card ("Card Issuer"). 32 The Company believes that the level of services it provides permitand the location of its ATMs make it an attractive service provider to capitalize on the trends developing in the Central European banking market. Bank account usagebanks and credit and debit card issuance are increasing in Central Europe as the demand for banking services continues to grow in the region. ConnectingInternational Card Organizations. By connecting to the Company's ATM network, enableslocal banks tocan offer their customers the convenience of cash withdrawal and balance inquiry services in numerous off-site locations without incurring additional branch operationaloperating costs. In addition, the Company believes that the services it offers are attractive to domestic banks in the increasingly competitive banking market in Central Europe because such banks can generally connect to Euronet's network with less labor and expense than building their own networks. In addition,Alternatively, banks can outsource the management of their proprietary ATM networks to the Company. These services allow banks to provide ATM access toCompany, thereby reducing their customers, expandingoperating costs and improving the rangeallocation of banking services they offer. "Western" banks entering the Central European market are already accustomed to the concept of shared ATM networks and have also begun to connect to Euronet's ATM network. Euronet's ATM machines currently accept over 90% of the domestic credit and debit cards issued in Hungary and 25% of the credit and debit cards issued in Poland. In addition, all major international credit and debit cards, including those bearing the VISA, Plus, Europay, Mastercard and Cirrus logos and American Express cards, may be used at Euronet's ATMs located in Hungary and all VISA, Plus and American Express cards may be used at Euronet's ATMs located in Poland. HISTORY The predecessor of Euronet was founded in 1994 by Michael Brown and Daniel Henry in Budapest. Mr. Brown previously founded Innovative Software and, subsequent to its merger with Informix Software Inc. (Informix), served as President of Informix. Mr. Brown currently serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. In February 1995, the Company became the first independent ATM network in Europe to be approved by VISA International to process ATM transactions for VISA/Plus credit and debit cards. In May 1995, the Company established its second office, in Warsaw. To date the Company has invested approximately $6.5 million in operational and capital expenditures to establish its independent ATM network. Euronet's first ATM was installed in Hungary in June 1995 and its ATM network today consists of 165 ATMs. The Company currently employs 55 employees in Hungary, Poland and Germany. Euronet's annual revenues have grown from none for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994 to $62,000 in 1995 and $638,000 in the first nine months of 1996. In March 1996, the predecessor of the Company was reorganized as a holding company, Euronet Holding N.V., in the Netherlands Antilles. Euronet Services Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in December 1996 and, conditional upon the execution of the underwriting agreement to be executed in connection with the Offering, (i) 9,585,569 shares of its Common Stock will be issued to the shareholders of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all of the Common Shares of Euronet Holding N.V., (ii) options to acquire 3,113,355 shares of its Common Stock will be granted to the holders of options to acquire 3,113,355 Common Shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all of such options and (iii) awards with respect to 800,520 shares of its Common Stock will be issued to the holders of awards with respect to 800,520 preferred 21 23 shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all such awards. Euronet Holding N.V. will be dissolved following the Reorganization. STRATEGY The Company's strategy, for the short term, is to become the leading low-cost ATM service provider in Central Europe meeting western standards of reliability and customer service and, for the medium term, to become a leading provider of a broader range of electronic fund transfer services in the region. The key elements of Euronet's strategy are as follows: Expanding its ATM Network in Hungary, Poland and other Central European Markets. Euronet plans to increase substantially the number of ATMs it operates and services in Hungary, Poland and other countries in Central Europe, including Germany, over the next five years. Toward this goal, Euronet currently has agreements with IBM World Trade Corporation ("IBM") (the supplier of Diebold ATMs in Europe) and NCR Corporation ("NCR") under which IBM and NCR will provide up to 800 ATMs for installation by Euronet in the region over the next two years.their own resources. In addition, the Company has entered into agreements providing for 50 additional sites for Euronet ATMs in Poland and Hungary andbelieves that the Company has identified or is currently in negotiations for approximately 100 new ATM sites in Poland, 40 new ATM sites in Hungary and 60 new ATM sites in Germany. The Company's current goal is to have in operation, or to provide ATM network management services with respect to, between 2,500 to 3,000 ATMs in Central Europe by the end of the year 2000. Thereafter, the Company currently intends to continue to increase the number of ATMs in its network and to increase the number of ATMs with respect to which it provides ATM network management services forpermit it to capitalize on the foreseeable future. The Company's ability to achieve these goals will depend on various factors including the increased demand for ATM servicesincrease in the Company's current target markets, the ability to locate appropriate sites and obtain necessary approvals for the installation of ATMs, the ability to install ATMs in an efficient and timely manner, the expansion of the Company's business into new countries as currently planned, entering into additional Acceptance Agreements with banks, the ability to obtain sufficient numbers of ATMs on a timely basis and the availability of financing for such expansion. Forming Strategic Relationships with Banks and International Card Organizations. It is the Company's goal to be able to accept all credit and debit cards issued in its markets at its ATMs. The Company has entered into agreements with most of the banks in Hungary that issue credit and debit cards and Euronet's ATMs are able to accept over 90% of all credit and debit cards issued by Hungarian banks. The Company is attempting to follow this pattern in Poland. Since the establishment of operations in Poland in May 1995, Euronet has entered into agreements to accept credit and debit cards issued by Wielkopolski Bank Kredytowy S.A., Bank Depozytowo-Kredytowy w Lublinie S.A. and Bank Wspoffipracy Regionalnej S.A. Krakow which, together with all domestically issued VISA cards, allows the Company's ATMs to accept approximately 25% of all credit and debit cards issued by Polish banks. The Company is actively pursuing contracts to accept credit and debit cards from all other major banks in Poland, and will do the same in each market it decides to enter. The Company's ATMs are able to accept American Express cards and all credit and debit cards bearing the VISA/Plus logos in Hungary and Poland and all credit and debit cards bearing the Europay/Mastercard/Cirrus logos in Hungary. The Company believes that, in addition to providing transaction revenues, acceptance by such large international ATM card issuers and ATM transaction authorization centers gives the Company credibility with local banks as it enters new markets. Therefore, the Company will continue to pursue relationships with such entities in each market it enters. Expanding the Range of Services Offered. The Company plans to take advantage of the various distribution possibilities of ATMsbank account usage and credit and debit cards beyond basic cash withdrawal and balance inquiry functions by providing innovative services through ATMs and other methods of electronic funds transfercard issuance in Central Europe as new technology develops and the demand for suchbanking services growscontinue to grow in the region. THE ATM MARKET OPPORTUNITY IN EUROPE The Company believes there are a number of trends occurring in its markets. The Company isexisting and planned markets which offer significant opportunities for its business: Substantial and Growing Central European Economies. Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Croatia are among the fastest growing economies in Europe and represent a consumer market of approximately 64.0 million people in the unique positionaggregate. The long term sovereign credit ratings of having connections tothese countries by Moody's Investor Service, Inc. and Standard & Poor's Corporation are currently (Baa3)/(BBB-), (Baa3)/(BBB-), (Baa1)/(BBB-), and (Baa3)/(BBB-), respectively. Hungary, Poland, the transaction authorization centersCzech Republic, and Croatia have recently experienced significant growth in their economies, with 1997 real gross domestic product growth estimates for each of banks that have issued over 90%these countries of credit3.0%, 5.5%, 4.7%, and debt cards in Hungary.7.0%, respectively. In recent years, each of these countries has encouraged foreign private investment. In 1995, direct foreign investment, was $2.9 billion for Hungary, $1.2 billion for Poland, $2.5 billion for the future, these connections could allow the Company to act as a central "switch" or connection whereby point of sale authorization can be givenCzech Republic, and $81 million for purchases made with credit and debit cards at retail 22 24 locations. As the Company develops its business in Poland and connects more Polish banks to its network, this capability may also develop in Poland. Euronet also plans to introduce payment processing capabilities on its ATMs which will allow ATM card holders to pay bills at ATMs. The Company is currently working to develop an ATM bill paying system that will be made available to utilities and other service providersCroatia while for bills that have traditionally required payment in person at a post office or other central location. Depending on demand, the Company may also introduce other ATM services currently available in other markets, including the ability to check stock or mutual fund account balances and purchase items such as stamps, theatre tickets and travellers checks at its ATM machines. The Company's ATMs are modular and upgradeable so they can be adapted for use with new technologies including computer chip "smart cards" and "electronic purses". Such devices are electronic debit cards that can be used to withdraw cash from ATMs and can be "charged up" with electronic funds at an ATM through a connection with the cardholder's bank via Euronet's network and used to purchase goods from retail locations. In addition, the Company plans to continue to sell advertising on its ATMs allowing clients to put advertisements on the ATM's videoscreens, on receipts issued by the ATMs and on coupons dispensed with cash from the ATMs. Expanding ATM Network Management Services. The Company also offers full-service ATM network management services to banks that own proprietary ATM networks. Because of the economies of scale involved, the Company can purchase ATMs, computer equipment, maintenance, telecommunications services, and can contract with third parties for cash delivery services, less expensively than most banks in Central Europe. By acquiring these services and this equipment less expensively, and by running a focused operation, the Company can provide out-sourced ATM services in most cases less expensively than banks can perform the same functions internally. In December 1996, the Company signed an agreement with Budapest Bank to manage its network of over 120 ATMs in Hungary. THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKET The economies of the Central European countries, including Hungary and Poland, are essentially cash based because efficient electronic funds transfer, ATM services and check cashing and clearing facilities have not yet developed. Most employeesdirect foreign investment in these countries have historically been paid in cashwas $2.8 billion, $2.5 billion, $1.4 billion, and most purchases and bills have been paid for in cash. As$349 million, respectively. In addition to a result, bank account usage has been relatively low in Central Europe compared to Western Europesteady inflow of foreign investment, Hungary, Poland and the United States,Czech Republic have reduced inflation from 28.3% and 26.8%, and 9.1% respectively, in 1995 to an estimated 18.0%, 15.9% and 8.5% respectively, in 1997. Croatia has maintained inflation in the single digits, increasing only slightly from 2.0% in 1995 to an estimated 4.0% for 1997. Development of Central European Banking Infrastructure. Historically, the banking industry in Central Europe is less developed than in Western Europe and the United States. The Central European banking industrygenerally has generally been characterized by low levels of customer service, limited openingoperating hours, and long waitswaiting time to complete simple transactions. Electronic banking, including electronic funds transfer, ATM and pointWith the fall of sale services have recently been introduced in the region, but are still in the early stages of development. In recent years bank account usage in Central Europe has grown substantially as a result of several factors. Legislation recently passed in Hungary requires that all civil servants receive their salary via direct deposit to bank accounts or in cash by mail in order to reduce administrative costs associated with a cash-based payroll system. Many private companies in Hungary and Poland have also begun issuing their payroll by direct deposit to bank accounts. As a result, many people who ordinarily would not have bank accounts have been forced to open accounts to access their salary. Given the nature ofcommunism, the banking systemsector in thesemost Central European countries ATMs arehas undergone a significant transformation due to the most convenient method for such employeesinitiation of privitasation programs and the adoption of free market principles. These changes have allowed banks the opportunity to access their salary. The Company expects that continued utilizationexpand the range of the bank transfer method of administering payroll will lead to increased bank account usageservices and increased demand for ATM services in Central Europe.products offered. In addition, the retail banking industry inmany Central Europe has become increasingly competitive in recent years partly becauseEuropean countries have allowed foreign banks to enter local markets, bringing additional technological know-how, products, expertise and capital. As foreign banks have been permitted to establish branchesbanks or invest in local banks in the region. Many banksregion, the retail banking industry in many countries in Central Europe has become more competitive. Many banks have begun to implement strategies for serving and attracting a larger portion of the retail market in this competitive environment. ElectronicThe Company believes that banks view electronic banking is oneand the issuance of the obvious extensions of customer service options available to increasedebit and credit cards as methods for increasing customer service and enhanceenhancing customer loyalty. Low ATM Density and Card Issuance in Central Europe; Significant Growth Potential. The Company 23 25 believes that as bankstwo principal drivers of an ATM business in Central Europe increase customera developing economy are ATM density per million people and electronic banking services, bank account usage and credit and debit card issuance and usage will increase. In Hungary,as a percentage of the population. The Company estimates that as of December 31, 1996 approximately 22%January 1997 there were 97 ATMs per million of population in Hungary, 17 ATMs per million of population in Poland, 115 ATMs per million of population in the Czech Republic and 15 ATMs per million of population had bank accounts which represents an increase from an estimated 8%in Croatia. These figures compare with 478 ATMs per million of population in Austria, 376 ATMs per million of population in the United Kingdom, 422 ATMs per million of population in France, 466 ATMs per million of population in Germany, and 522 ATMs per million of population in the United States as of January 1997. Based on information compiled by the Company, as of January 1, 1997, the number of cards issued as a percentage of population is 21% in Hungary, 3% in Poland, 14% in the Czech Republic, and 9% in Croatia as compared with 33 110% in Austria, 151% in the United Kingdom, 90% in France, 123% in Germany and 254% in the United States at the same time in 1995. The first ATM card was issued in Hungary in 1989 and as of December 31, 1996, the Company estimates that there were approximately 1.1 million debit and credit cards issued in Hungary, which reflects an increase of more than 50% over the estimated number of credit and debit cards issued as of the same time in 1995.date. The Company believes that there were approximately 1,080the lower ATM machines installed in Hungary as of December 31, 1996, 130 of which were owned by the Company. The Company estimates that, based on industry sources, the average number of ATM transactions per machine on a nationwide basis per month in Hungary in 1996 was approximately 1,200. The Polish banking industry is in the very beginning stages of advanced retail customer service, creditdensity and debit card issuance and electronic banking services. According to industry sources, it is estimated that approximately 15% of the population have bank accounts. The Company believes that the market for retail banking services in Poland is developing rapidly. The Company estimates that there are currently more than 800,000 international and domestic credit and debit cards and approximately 450 ATMs in Poland compared to less than 200,000 total credit and debit cards issued and less than 250 ATMs operating one year ago. An important factor affecting the increase in bank account usage and credit and debit card issuance in these Central Europe is the growth in the issuance of VISA and Europay credit and debit cards tied to local bank accounts.European countries provide potential for significant growth. The banks in Hungary and Poland originally issued VISA and EuropayEUROPAY cards only to their best customers at relatively unfavorable terms, which often included a high deposit of hard currency earning little or no interest, high percentage charges per transaction and high annual fees. Competitive pressure has led to more favorable terms and the issuance of VISA Europay and proprietaryEUROPAY cards to maintain and attract customers. AsThe number of VISA cards in circulation in Hungary has increased from approximately 190,000 in June, 1996 to 715,000 in December 1996,1997. In Poland there were approximately 125,000150,000 VISA cards issued in Poland, compared with less than 10,000 VISA cards in 1992. As of March 31, 1996, there were approximately 110,000 VISA cards issued in Hungary, representing an increase of 40% from 80,000 VISA cards as from December 31, 1995. The first Europay card was issued in Poland in 1995 and as of December, 1996, there were approximately 200,000 Europay cards issued in Poland. As of March 31, 1996, there was approximately 336,000 Europay cards issued in Hungary which represents an increase of 12% from 300,000 Europay cardscompared to 317,000 as of December 31, 1995. The German ATM market,1997. This is significant in the development of the Company's next targetbusiness because the Company can accept all such cards issued in each market through a single "sponsorship" arrangement with a VISA or EUROPAY bank in that market--the Company does not need an agreement with each bank as in the case of proprietary cards issued by banks. The Company believes that, over time, as the number of proprietary cards in the overall card base shrinks due to issuance of cards bearing international logos, the relative importance of the Company's direct connections with banks should decrease and the importance of its sponsorship arrangements should increase. Development of Electronic Banking. The economies of most emerging markets, including those of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic, have historically been cash based because efficient electronic funds transfer, ATM, and check cashing and clearing facilities had not been developed. Most employees in these countries have typically been paid in cash and until recently, most purchases were made, and bills were paid, in cash. While electronic banking, including electronic transfers, ATM and point of sale services have recently been introduced into the region, they are still in the early stages of development. The Company believes this represents a substantial opportunity. Hungary has recently introduced legislation to increase the use of electronic means of payment, by requiring that civil servants receive their salary via direct deposit to bank accounts. As a result, many people who ordinarily would not have a bank account have been or will be forced to open accounts to access their salary. The Company expects that a trend toward direct deposit of payroll in Central Europe will continue. Direct deposit combined with the accelerating development of the retail electronic banking industry and general economic growth in Central Europe is expected to lead to increased bank account usage, credit and debit card issuance, and demand for ATM services. Additional Opportunities In Western European Markets. The developed markets of Western Europe are characterized by high levels of card issuance and a large number of ATMs. However, the Company believes that there are significant opportunities in Western Europe for the provision ofCompany's services including (i) installing ATM's in high traffic, non-bank locations, (ii) providing ATM outsourcing and management services is more developed thanto banks with proprietary networks and (iii) offering innovative solutions for year 2000 compliance. The majority of ATM's in Western Europe are installed in bank branches. In France there are 24,500 ATM's, but only 7% of them are in non-bank locations. By comparison, approximately 27% of the ATM's in the United States and 17% in the United Kingdom are in non-bank locations. The Company also believes that banks in Western Europe will increasingly seek to outsource their proprietary ATM networks to focus on their core businesses and reduce operating expenses. Finally, there are a substantial number of ATM's throughout Western Europe which are not year 2000 compliant. The Company believes it can offer banks convenient turn-key year 2000 compliance solutions, including purchasing an existing ATM network and performing all the necessary upgrades. COMPANY STRENGTHS The Company believes it has a number of key strengths which position it to capitalize on the market opportunities it has identified: Early Entrant in Central Europe; Established Market Position. The Company believes it has an advantage as one of the early entrants to the ATM markets of Central Europe. Euronet has been able to obtain ATM locations which are typically characterized as high traffic non-bank locations with 24-hour accessibility. The Company has been able to obtain long-term exclusive leases and agreements for many ATM 34 sites, at low cost. Examples of the Company's otherhighly visible locations include McDonald's, gas stations such as ARAL, OMV, British Petroleum, and Shell, food stores such as Tesco, Julius Meinl, Tangelmann, Kaiser's, Magnet/Grosso and Plus, Makro Cash & Carry, Ikea, Metro, and the Marriott Hotel in Warsaw. In some cases, the Company has an option to install ATMs at all the sites owned by certain retail chains. The Company believes the quality of its ATM sites, and the long-term nature of its leases allow the Company well to maintain its competitive position and to attract and retain customers. In addition, as the only independent ATM operator in Central Europe, the Company has established a significant number of agreements with local and international banks and International Card Organizations ("Card Issuers") which enable it to attract a wider base of customers to its network than proprietary bank-owned networks whose card acceptance policies may be limited. Furthermore, the Company believes the number of its ATM sites, particularly in Hungary and Poland, make it an attractive partner for Card Issuers wishing to extend their reach. See "Business--Acceptance and Management's Agreements and--ATM Location". Geographic Diversity of Operations. The Company currently conducts its ATM network business in Hungary, Poland, Germany, Croatia, and the Czech Republic. The Company believes that the expansion of its operations in its existing and future markets will provide it with some protection against potential disruptions in any one country's economy. In addition, the breadth of the Company's country coverage allows it to direct the rollout of its network towards the most lucrative market opportunities as they arise. For example, should banks in one of the Company's countries of operation significantly increase or decrease card issuance levels in a given year, the Company can redirect its network rollout to factor in such developments without any material disruption in its overall rollout plan. As the Company continues to expand into its existing markets and new markets, such as France, the Company's revenue base is expected to diversify and become less reliant on any one country's economy. Euronet believes its geographic expansion will enable it to benefit from the stability of the developed Western European markets where the cardholder base is large and transaction volumes are high while also allowing the Company to benefit from the substantial opportunity of the emerging markets. Extensive Range of Card Provider Contracts. Euronet is the only non-bank owned ATM network in Central Europe, which enables it to concentrate on processing transactions for all Card Issuers whether they are individual banks, consortiums of banks or International Card Organizations. As a result, the Company is not dependent upon any one card source. As of December 31, 19961997, the Company estimates that, based on industry sources, there were approximately 38,000 ATMs and 70 million credit and debit cards issued in Germany. The Company believes, however, that the ATM market in the former East Germany is less developed and Euronet intends to focus its ATM strategy in Germany on this region. Under German law, ATMs are subject to essentially the same licensing requirements as bank branches and may only be operated by licensed financial institutions. The Company intends to behad a service provider tototal of 21 card acceptance agreements with banks and International Card Organizations in four countries and it does not anticipateis continuing to obtain contacts with local banks and International Card Organizations in existing markets as well as new markets. The Company's Acceptance Agreements generally provide that it will be subject to German financial institution licensing requirements. As a result of an agreement between certain card issuing banks in Germany, all ATMs in Germany can accept virtually all credit and debit cards issued by German financial institutions. An agreement to providethe banks may be used at all ATM management services to one bankmachines operated by Euronet. Through agreements with local sponsor banks in Germany will therefore result in ATMs managed byHungary and Poland, Euronet beingis able to accept virtuallyall credit and debit cards bearing the VISA, Plus, Mastercard, EUROPAY and Cirrus logos at its ATMs in Hungary and Poland. The Company is also able to accept all credit and debit cards bearing the VISA and Plus logos at its ATMs in the Czech Republic. Euronet has also entered into agreements with Diners Club International and American Express. The agreement with Diners Club International provides for the acceptance of all credit and debit cards issued by German financial institutions.Diners Club at all of Euronet's ATMs in Hungary, Poland and Croatia. This agreement is a "regional" agreement which is intended to be extended to all of the Central European countries. In addition, the Company has signed agreements with American Express or its local franchise to accept cards in these countries. The ATM market is stillCompany expects to begin accepting American Express cards in Croatia under this agreement at the end of March. This will enable the Company to accept approximately 34% of the cards issued in Croatia. Prior to being permitted to accept VISA/Plus, Mastercard/EUROPAY/Cirrus and American Express cards at its early stagesATMs, the Company was required to demonstrate that it met all standards set by International Card Organizations to process transactions for such International Card Organizations. Critical Mass; Largest Non-Bank Purchaser of developmentATMs in Central Europe. Based on examplesWith over 754 ATMs in operation and a monthly average of growth50 ATMs purchased or leased for the six months ended February 28, 1998, Euronet believes it is the largest purchaser of ATMs in Central Europe and one of the largest purchasers of new ATMs in Europe. As such, Euronet has negotiating leverage with ATM marketsmanufacturers and believes that it receives favorable prices as compared to lower volume purchasers. The Company has long term contracts with 35 certain ATM manufacturers to purchase ATMs at contractually defined prices which include quantity discounts. These contracts, however, do not commit the Company to purchase a defined number of ATMs. In addition, the Company has leverage, as compared to smaller ATM networks, in negotiating favorable pricing for ATM-related software, cash delivery services and ATM maintenance services. As the Company continues to expand into other countries, it expects to enter into multi-country agreements with telecommunication providers to reduce monthly charges. The Company expects that as it expands its network, its ability to reduce costs will make it more competitive. Lower Cost Alternative to Banks. By acquiring ATMs, computer equipment, maintenance, telecommunication and other services, less expensively, and by running a focused operation, the Company believes that it can offer banks a low cost alternative to building or operating their own ATM network. The Company can offer banks a connection to the Euronet's ATM network, the management of an existing proprietary network of ATMs or the development of a new ATM network. The Company's ATM management services include 24-hour monitoring from Euronet's Processing Center of ATM operational status, coordinating the cash delivery, the monitoring and management of cash levels in the ATM, and automatic dispatch for necessary service calls. See "Agreements with Card Issuers and International Card Organizations--ATM Management Services Agreements." State of the Art Integrated On-Line ATM Network; Capable of Providing Additional Services. The Company has purchased advanced hardware and software providing state-of-the-art features and reliability through sophisticated diagnostics and self-testing routines. The ATMs utilized by the Company can perform basic functions, such as dispensing cash and retrieving account information, as well as providing other services such as advertising through the use of color monitor graphics, messages on receipts, and coupon dispensing. In addition, the Company's ATMs are modular and upgradable so that they can be adapted to provide additional services in response to changing technology and consumer demand, including new products such as reloadable chip cards. See "--ATM Network Technology--Satellite Communications." STRATEGY The Company's objective, for the near term, is to maintain and enhance its position as a leading ATM service provider in Central and Western Europe by meeting international standards of reliability and customer service. Key elements of Euronet's business strategy are to: Expand its ATM Base in Existing and New European Markets. The Company's principal focus in the near term will be the continued expansion of its installed base of ATMs in Europe. The Company's rollout plans are highly dependent upon the level of new card issuance in its existing markets of Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Croatia as well as possible other markets in the region. The Company believes it is important to balance the number of ATMs in service with the number of cards expected to be in circulation to ensure that there is enough consumer demand to support its capital investments. The Company's rollout plans for any one market may vary from time to time in response to fluctuations in card issuance levels. Notwithstanding these fluctuations, the Company anticipates adding approximately 3,600 new ATMs in existing and new European Markets by December 31, 2000, the majority of which are expected to be in existing markets. Factors affecting the Company's expansion into new Central European countries include the state of the local economy, the stage of development of the retail banking market shouldand ability to conduct business in accordance with the Company's customary standards and practices. Factors affecting further penetration of existing markets in the region are principally related to new card issuance levels, securing attractive retail sites and the number of strategic bank and card provider agreements. Leverage its Critical Mass to Achieve Further Economies of Scale. The Company intends to seek ways to achieve further cost savings and economies of scale. Specific areas of opportunity identified by the Company include (i) the further centralization and automation of its ATM monitoring services, (ii) the utilization of software to assist banks in better cash management, and (iii) obtaining better terms with suppliers and contractors. With respect to ATM monitoring efforts, the Company is in the process of implementing a new 36 monitoring software system which automatically generates commands to the Company and its cash delivery and ATM maintenance contractors to remedy operational problems. The Company has also purchased a software system which is a highly accurate predictor of cash usage at individual ATMs. The Company believes this system will enable it to reduce the amount of cash which must be supplied to each ATM. Continue to Form Strategic Relationships with Banks and International Card Organizations. It is the Company's goal to be able to accept all credit and debit cards issued in its markets at its ATMs. Euronet plans to continue to develop rapidly. For example, Portugal, whichcooperative relationships with VISA, EUROPAY, American Express and Diners Club International, as well as certain banks with global consumer approaches to banking or the card markets, such as GE Capital and Citibank. Further, the Company is onein the process of expanding certain individual country relationships into regional relationships and centralizing accounts management functions for such relationships. Assist Banks in Issuing Cards. The level of usage of the most recentlyCompany's ATM network depends in large part upon the issuance by banks of credit and debit cards. In order to promote the issuance by banks of such cards, and to establish relationships with banks at an early stage in the development of their card departments, the Company has developed ATM marketsthe "Blue Diamond" service. In connection with this service, Euronet acts as a consultant in Europe, has seen substantial growththe installation of the hardware and software necessary to assist banks in its ATM market sinceissuing credit and debit cards to their account holders. The Company hopes that this low cost product will be attractive to banks which seek to establish programs to issue a relatively small numbers of cards. Although this product itself is not likely to generate significant revenues, the Company believes the impact on transaction volumes and the collateral benefits of working within the card departments of banks could be significant over the long term. See "--Other Services." Capitalize on Additional Revenue Opportunities. The Company plans to take advantage of the various distribution possibilities of ATMs and credit and debit cards were first introducedbeyond basic cash withdrawal and balance inquiry functions by providing value added services through ATMs as new technology develops and the demand for such services grows in 1985. By 1996 there were approximately 5 million creditits markets. The Company currently sells advertising on its ATM video screens, on receipts issued by the ATMs and debiton coupons dispensed with cash from the ATMs. The Company is also currently working to develop an ATM bill paying system that will be made available to utilities and other service providers for bills that have traditionally required payment in person at a post office or other central location. Depending on demand, in the future the Company may also introduce other ATM services currently available in other markets, including the ability to "reload" chip cards, issuedcheck stock or mutual fund account balances and purchase items such as stamps and travelers checks at its ATM machines. The Company is also evaluating the opportunity to offer point of sale authorization services in Portugalthe future. See "--Other Services." Seek Additional Geographic and Other Market Opportunities. While the Company's intention is to focus principally on expanding its ATM service operations in Europe, it is exploring other geographic markets or strategic business opportunities where it can make use of its operational expertise. The Company plans to continue to seek additional ATM network management contracts from which hasit can generate revenues and utilize its existing central operations infrastructure with minimal capital investment. Other business and network opportunities that the Company may evaluate include the expansion of its operations through the acquisition of ATM networks from banks or other businesses which support or complement its network. The Company believes that many ATM networks could be run more efficiently and rendered more profitable by the Company due to economies of scale or through the consolidation or reorganization of the networks. Acquisitions of strategic businesses which support the Company's activities (including software providers or other transaction processors) could permit the Company to procure necessary services more inexpensively, increase network traffic, or to expand more rapidly. In terms of expansion outside of Europe, the Company plans to evaluate certain developing markets where card issuance is high or expected to increase rapidly, but where ATM infrastructure is not yet developed. The Company expects that expansion in such new markets will generally be made in cooperation with a populationlocal or international bank partner or Card Issuer in order to enhance its ability to quickly establish a market presence. 37 The Company is evaluating new markets for long term development, including both emerging and developed markets in Europe and elsewhere. Markets with potentially attractive ATM characteristics include, among others, Argentina, China, Egypt, Estonia, Ireland, Lithuania, Russia and Sweden. The Company is engaged in discussions with two U.S. persons regarding the development of approximately 10 million people.certain business opportunities in China. The Company entered into a memorandum of understanding with such persons pursuant to which the Company and such persons would form a subsidiary to own and operate an ATM business in China if they are successful in obtaining a contract with one or more Chinese banks. The Company would own more than an 80% interest in such entity should it be formed. In addition,developing its network in other markets, the numberCompany will seek to balance the need to achieve the highest level of transactions per machine over its network (which mitigates in favor of installation of machines in developed markets with large card bases) with the objective of capitalizing on its advantageous position in newer markets, where it believes that higher levels of growth will result over the medium to long term due to increases in the card base. The Company intends to slow down its installation of ATMs in useHungary and Poland until transactions per ATM increase in Portugal has grown to over 3,000 atthose countries. During the endfirst half of 1995. These ATMs processed approximately 200 million ATM transactions1998, the Company will focus its efforts on developing its network in 1995. 24 26the Czech Republic, Germany, Croatia and France. Thereafter, the orientation of the Company will depend upon its evaluation of performance in the various existing markets and opportunities arising in new markets. THE EURONET NETWORK GENERALGeneral. The Company currently operates ATMs in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and PolandCroatia. It offers ATM management services in Germany. The Company has offices in, and plans to extend its network and its ATM management services operations to France and Romania in the near future. Over the medium to long term, the Company will also consider expansion of its network into other emerging or developed markets (including outside of Europe) in which the fundamental characteristics of the card and ATM markets suggest that there may be strong demand for the Company's services. In several European countries, including Germany and France, banks have organized central switches through which transactions can be routed to the Czech Republic and other countriesappropriate bank for authorization. Once connected to such a switch through a bank, an ATM is able to accept transactions made by the holders of substantially all of the cards in Central Europe. Euronet's ATM network offersthose markets. The Company's approach to these markets will be to enter into agreements with banks an opportunity to provide state-of-the-art electronic financial services andhaving access to these switches as an ATM network to their customers at a considerably lower cost than installing proprietary ATMs. Connecting to Euronet's ATM network also augments the numberoperator of ATMs available to customersunder sponsorship of banks that already maintain their own ATM networks. The technology utilized to build Euronet's ATM network is designed to be readily accessible and easy to use. Thethe bank, as a pure service provider (as the Company currently has 130done in Germany under its contract with Service Bank GmBh ("Service Bank")). See "--Germany." Hungary. As of February 28, 1998 the Company had 348 ATMs installed in Hungary as part of its independent network, primarily in the country's six largest cities. Euronet has entered into agreements ("Acceptance Agreements") with most major banks in Hungary that issue ATM cards allowing all credit and debit cards issued by such banks to be accepted at Euronet's ATMs. In addition, the Company has entered into agreements with American Express, Diners Club International and sponsor banks that are members of VISA International and Europay/EUROPAY/Mastercard/Cirrus allowing cards issued by American Express and those cards bearing the VISA, Plus, Europay, Mastercard and VISA/Plus/EUROPAY/Mastercard/Cirrus logos to be used at Euronet's ATMs in Hungary. As a result of these agreements, as of December 31, 1997, Euronet's ATMs in Hungary accept over 90%accepted approximately 99% of the domestic debit and credit cards issued in Hungary and all major international credit and debit cards. In addition to operating its own network of ATMs, as of December 31, 1997, Euronet currently has 35was managing 45 non-bank branch ATMs under a management contract with Budapest Bank. Under this contract, the Company connects ATMs which are owned by Budapest Bank to its central processing center and routes transactions to Budapest Bank's authorization center for approval. The Company also monitors the operation of the ATMs, provides maintenance and, through its subcontracted cash in transit company, delivers cash to the ATMs. Poland. As of February 28, 1998 Euronet had 317 ATMs installed in Poland. Euronet hashad executed Acceptance Agreements with Polish banks accounting for approximately 25% of the credit and debit cards issued byseven Polish banks. The Company has also entered into agreements with American Express, Diners Club International and a sponsor bankbanks affiliated with VISA International and EUROPAY 38 allowing all cards issued by American Express and all credit and debit cards bearing the VISA and PlusVISA/Plus/EUROPAY/ Mastercard/ Cirrus logos to be used at Euronet's ATMs in Poland. As a result of these agreements the Company's ATMs in Poland are currently able to accept 63% of credit and debit cards issued by Polish banks. The Company intends to pursue a strategy similar to that employed in Hungary in order to reachincrease the percentage of the total card base which can be used at Euronet's ATMs. Germany. In Germany, ATMs are subject to essentially the same licensing requirements as bank branches. The Company has signed a contract with Service Bank under which it provides ATM services, including network development, maintenance and monitoring services. Because the Company acts as a pure service provider to Service Bank it is not subject to German financial institution licensing requirements. However, Euronet could obtain certain advantages by obtaining a limited financial activity license (including the ability to increase the scope of the services it offers and develop its own network of ATMs). The Company may apply for such a license in the future. The Company first began rendering services to Service Bank as of May, 1997 and as of February 28, 1998 the Company was servicing 54 ATMs. The Company intends to increase the number of ATMs substantially during 1998. Although Euronet locates ATM sites under this contract for Service Bank, the site agreements allowingare entered into on behalf of Service Bank. To comply with German regulations, the Company processes transactions in Germany through a contractor, rather than through its Processing Center. The agreement with Service Bank is terminable upon six months' notice at any time after December, 1999. As a result of an agreement between certain card issuing banks in Germany, all ATMs in Germany can accept virtually all credit and debit cards issued by German financial institutions. Therefore, all of Service Bank's ATMs managed by Euronet in PolandGermany under the agreement will be able to accept virtually all credit and debit cards issued by German financial institutions. Croatia. Euronet installed its first ATMs in November, 1997 and began processing transactions on those ATMs on December 12, 1997. As of February 28, 1998, Euronet had 32 ATMs installed and operating in Croatia. Currently all of the ATMs are in Zagreb and surrounding cities, but the Company has targeted the coastal areas for development, where the tourist industry is strong. The Company has signed agreements with Diners Club International and American Express, which have collectively issued approximately 35% of the cards in the Croatian market. Czech Republic. The Company began processing transactions in the Czech Republic in February 1998. On February 25, 1998, the Company signed an agreement with Bank Austria to become its VISA sponsor bank. As of February 28, 1997, the Company had installed three ATMs and is in the process of connecting these ATMs to its central processing center. The Company has signed five real estate agreements covering 38 locations, including one with Billa, the third largest supermarket chain in the Czech Republic. France. The Company established its office in France in December 1997 and is performing the preliminary work necessary to begin providing services, including commercial negotiations with banks and other card issuers, site owners and subcontractors for cash delivery, ATM equipment supplies and telecommunications. Expansion into France would require the Company to establish and thereafter maintain a relationship with one or more French financial institutions. Although the Company has not yet identified a French financial institution, it has retained a managing director for France, and is exploring potential relationships with French financial institutions and searching for potential ATM locations. There can be used at Euronet's ATMs.no assurance as to when or if the Company will be able to establish the necessary relationship for the commencement of operations in France. Romania. The Company established its office in Romania in December 1997 and is performing the preliminary work necessary to begin providing services, including commercial negotiations with banks and other card issuers, site owners and subcontractors for cash delivery, ATM equipment supplies and telecommunications. TYPICAL ATM TRANSACTION In a typical ATM transaction processed by the Company, a debit or credit cardholder inserts a credit or debit card into an ATM to withdraw funds or obtain a balance inquiry. The transaction is routed from the ATM 39 to Euronet's central authorization and processing center (the "Processing Center").Processing Center. The Company's Processing Center computers then identify the card issuing banks or International Card Organizations (the "Card Issuers")Issuer by the bank identification number contained within the card's magnetic strip. The transaction is then switched to the local issuing bank or International Card Issuer orOrganization (or its designated processorprocessor) for authorization. Once authorization is received, the authorization message is routed back to the ATM and the transaction is completed. [DIAGRAM OF TYPICAL ATM TRANSACTION]Transactions by holders of cards bearing international logos are routed to central clearing systems operated by the relevant International Card Organization. For banks that do not maintain on-line account balance information for their cardholders, the Company receives authorization limits from such banks on a daily basis, stores such banks' cardholders' account informationauthorization limits on its Processing Center computers and authorizes transactions on 25 27 behalf of such banks. The Company transmits records of all transactions processed in this manner to such banks which then update their own cardholder account records. Authorization of ATM transactions processed on Euronet's ATMs is the responsibility of the Card Issuer. Euronet is not liable for dispensing cash in error if it receives a proper authorization message from a Card Issuer. Euronet receives payment of a processing fee from the issuer of the credit or debit card used in a transaction, even for processing the transaction, including forcertain transactions that are not completed because authorization is not given by the relevant Card Issuer. The fees charged by Euronet to the Card Issuers are independent of any fees charged by the Card Issuers to cardholders in connection with the ATM transactions. The Company does not charge the cardholders a fee for using its ATMs. In many cases the fee charged by a Card Issuer to a cardholder in connection with a transaction processed at Euronet's ATMs is less than the fee charged by Euronet to the Card Issuer. The average number of transactions processed each month at Euronet's ATMs in Hungary in the last three months of 1996 has increased approximately 25% per month. In the last three months of 1996, Euronet's ATMs in Hungary averaged 1,716 transactions per ATM per month (1,162 of which were cash withdrawals). ATM LocationLOCATION The Company believes that one of the most important factors in determining the success of an ATM network is the location of the ATMs. While most ATMs owned by Central European banks are located on the premises of the banks or itstheir branches or on premises of large employers paying their employees by direct deposit, currently all but six of Euronet's ATMs are located in non-bank sites. The Company's strategy in pursuing off branch sites for its ATMs is to concentrate on locations that will provide high visibility and high cardholder utilization. As part of its strategy, the Company identifies the major high pedestrian traffic regions and locations where people need access to cash and find it convenient to stop for cash. Key target locations for Euronet's ATMs include (i) major shopping malls, and intersections;(ii) busy intersections, (iii) local smaller shopping areas or intersections offering grocery stores, and supermarkets and services where people routinely shop;shop, (iv) mass transportation hubs such as city bus and tram/subway stops, rail and bus stations, airports and gas stations;stations, and the(v) tourist and entertainment centers such as historical sections of cities, cinemas, and recreational facilities. Research conducted in the United States indicates that once a cardholder establishes a habitual pattern of using a particular ATM, the cardholder will continue to use that ATM unless there must beare significant problems with a location, such as a machine frequently being out of service, to change the pattern of usage of a cardholder.service. It is the Company's goal to be the first and the fastest to secure key real estate locations before its competitors can do so, and become the habitual ATM location of card users in its markets. In Hungary, the Company has obtained agreements to install ATMs at several outlets of Julius Meinl, a large grocery chain, in Hungary, several McDonald's restaurants, several ARAL, OMV and Shell gas stations, Tesco supermarkets, Ikea as well as other major retail sites in Budapest, Debrecen, Kaposvar, Gyor and Szekesfehervar. In Poland, the Company has signed contracts to place ATMs in many key locations including McDonald's restaurants, British Petroleum, Shell and ARAL gas stations, the Warsaw Marriott Hotels, Office Depot,Hotel, Makro Cash and Carry and Ikea stores, Casinos Poland, and other hotel and retail outlets in Polish cities. In Germany, the Polish cities of Warsaw, Szczecin, Gdansk, Poznan, Lodz, Lublin, Krakow, Katowice, WroclawCompany is installing Service Bank ATMs in Metro stores and Czestochowa.Tangelmann group stores (which include Tangelmann, Kaiser's, Magnet/Grosso and Plus food stores). It is part of the Company's strategy to expand its relationships with such large multinational companies which have multi-location businesses to obtain additional sites for ATMs in other markets. Before expanding to Poland, Euronet had placed ATMs at Shell, McDonald's and ARAL locations in Hungary. The Company recently installed ATMs in the new 450,000 square foot Duna Plaza shopping mall in Budapest and in the new 600,000 square foot Polus Centre shopping mall in Budapest.ATM sites. The Company's agreements for the location of ATMs generally provide for the location of one or more ATMs inside or adjacent to the premises of the site provider at minimal rental rates. In Hungary, the agreements 40 generally provide for an indefinite term.term and are terminable on relatively short notice. The Company is in the process, however, of renegotiating its agreements with major site providers to include fixed terms of three to five years. In Poland, the Czech Republic and Croatia, the agreements generally provide for a three to fiveseven year term and are renewable for additional three to five year terms. In somemost cases, the site providers pay the Company a rental feepays rent for the ATMsites, although such rent is substantially lower than the average rental rate in recognition ofWestern European countries. Generally, the benefits that an ATM can bring to a retail outlet. The Company's fixed term leases for ATM sites generally can only be terminated by a site provider if the Company defaults on its obligations. To date, none of the Company's leases have been terminated by site providers. The Company canCompany's leases in Poland generally terminate its leases for ATM sites in Polandinclude provisions permitting termination by the Company if transaction volumes at a site are unacceptable to the Company. The leases termination provisions in Hungary are somewhat broader and the Company and can generally terminate its leases for ATM sites in Hungarythere for any reason. 26 28 Agreements with Card Issuers and International Card OrganizationsTo date, the Company has closed or relocated 25 sites. AGREEMENTS WITH CARD ISSUERS AND INTERNATIONAL CARD ORGANIZATIONS ACCEPTANCE AGREEMENTS The Company's Acceptance Agreements with banks generally provide that all credit and debit cards issued by the banks may be used at all ATM machines operated by Euronet. The Acceptance Agreements also generally allow Euronet to receive transaction authorization directly from the card issuing bank or International Card Organization. Acceptance Agreements generally provide for a term of threetwo to five years and are generally automatically renewed unless notice is given by either party prior to the termination date. In some cases, the agreements are terminable by either party upon six months' notice. The Company generally is able to connect anya bank to its network within 30 to 90 days of signing an Acceptance Agreement. In addition to the Acceptance Agreements with local banks, Euronet has entered into Acceptance Agreements with American Express providing for the acceptance of all credit and debit cards issued by American Express at all of Euronet's ATMs in Hungary and Poland. Through agreements with local sponsor banks in Hungary and Poland, Euronet is able to accept all credit and debit cards bearing the VISA, Plus, Mastercard, Europay and Cirrus logos at its ATM in Hungary and all credit and debit cards bearing the VISA and Plus logos at its ATMs in Poland. These arrangements permit Euronet's ATMs to accept credit and debit cards issued by domestic and foreign financial institutions bearing the relevant logos. Euronet has a gateway to the central authorization centers for VISA/Plus and Mastercard/Europay/Cirrus through local bank sponsors in Hungary and Poland and has direct access to American Express authorization centers. Prior to being permitted to accept VISA/Plus, Mastercard/Europay/Cirrus and American Express cards at its ATMs, the Company was required to demonstrate that it met all standards set by International Card Organizations to process transactions for such International Card Organizations. Banks that execute Acceptance Agreements agree to participate in Euronet's ATM cash supply system. According toUnder this system the banks provide all of the cash needed to operate the network. Each bank provides its pro rata share of cash dispensed to cardholders from Euronet's ATMs each day based upon dailythe prior day's transaction reports generated by Euronet. Cash provided by the banks is deposited by a third party security company in Euronet's ATMs generally once or twice a week depending on need. Each banking day, card issuing banks connected to the Euronet network provide cash tovolume of the Company's settlement agent based upon the prior day's transaction reports.transactions. The cash remains the property of the banks until it is dispensed to cardholders. The Company maintains insurance with respect to the cash while it is held in its ATMs. The Company may, if required to secure an Acceptance Agreement, loan funds to a bank or other Card Issuer to permit that entity to meet its obligation to supply cash. So far, two loans of this type have been approved: one to Atlas American Express (a privately owned and capitalized franchisee of American Express) and one to Diners Club Adriatic (a privately owned and capitalized franchisee of Diner's Club) but have not yet been funded. To minimize any financial risks related to these loans the Company intends to obtain guarantees from the international organizations. The Company will have the right to offset any amount in its ATM machines against any amounts it advances. The Company plans to periodically examine the relationship in an effort to minimize its repayment risk. When Euronet agrees to make such a loan, it either charges interest or increases the fees payable under the underlying Acceptance Agreement to include an interest factor. The ATM transaction fees charged by Euronet under the Acceptance Agreements vary depending on the type of transaction executed (cash withdrawals;(which are currently cash withdrawals, balance inquiries;inquiries, and transactions not completed because authorization is not given by the relevant Card Issuer) and the quantity of transactions attributable to a particular Card Issuer. The transaction fee charged to Card Issuers for cash withdrawals, on average, is in excess of $1.00$0.75 per transaction, while transaction fees for the other two types of transactions that can currently be processed on Euronet's ATMs are generally substantially less. There has been considerable downward pressure on transaction fees (in particular for cash withdrawals) as the volumes of transactions has increased for the larger banks. As transaction levels increase for the larger banks, and the overall number of cards circulating in the markets increases, such larger banks are more likely to conclude that it is economical to bear the infrastructure costs associated with creating their own ATM networks. Thus, the Company has been compelled to grant volume discounts to such banks. For these banks, the Company attempts to achieve a tiered fee structure, with a reduction 41 of the transaction fee being granted only on higher transaction volumes. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition" and Results of Operations--Overview." Under the terms of the Acceptance Agreements, Euronet charges ATM transaction fees to the card issuing banks. CardThe Company attempts to include a provision in its Acceptance Agreements to the effect that card issuing banks generally agreewill not to charge their cardholders more for using Euronet's ATMs than the banks' own ATMs and generally charge lowerATMs. However, it is not always successful in obtaining agreement to this provision. More recently, some banks have increased the amount of fees or no fees at all for cardholders that use Euronet's ATMs.charged through to their customers. This damages the Company's competitive position as compared with bank-owned ATM networks, on which the fee charged through to the customer may be lower. The Acceptance Agreements generally provide for payment in local currency but transaction fees are denominated in U.S. dollars or inflation adjusted. Transaction fees are billed on terms no longer than one month. It is expected that theThe Company's agreement with its sponsor bankService Bank in Germany to manage and install ATMs for the sponsor bank will provideprovides for fees similar to those paid with respect to Acceptance Agreements. The Company's agreements to provide ATM management services, other than in Germany, willare expected to provide for monthly management fees plus fees payable for each transaction. The tables below indicatetransaction fees under these agreements are expected to be generally lower than under the Acceptance Agreements. See "--ATM Network Management Services." ATM NETWORK MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENTS During 1997, the Company began offering complete ATM network management services to banks that own proprietary ATM networks. The ATM network management services provided by the Company include management of an existing network of ATMs or development of new ATM networks. This includes 24 hour monitoring from its Processing Center of each individual ATM's status and cash condition, coordinating the cash delivery and management of cash levels in the ATM and automatic dispatch for necessary service calls. These services also include: real-time transaction authorization, advanced monitoring, network gateway access, network switching, 24 hour customer services, maintenance services and settlement and reporting. The Company already provides many of these services to existing customers and has invested in the necessary infrastructure. As a result, agreements for such ATM network management services ("ATM Management Agreements") provide for additional revenue with lower incremental cost. Euronet will also be able to provide these managed ATMs access to those international cards and networks that are connected to the Euronet network. In February 1997, the Company entered into an agreement with GE Capital Corporation under which the Company became a preferred provider of ATM network management services to certain banks affiliated with GE Capital Corporation and located in Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Germany and Austria, including Mercurbank AG in Austria, Service Bank in Germany, GE Capital Bank SA in Poland and Budapest Bank in Hungary. In January 1997, prior to execution of this agreement, the Company had executed an agreement with Service Bank in Germany to provide installation and management services to expand Service Bank's existing ATM network in Germany in non-bank branch locations. As of February 28, 1998, the Company was maintaining 54 ATMs under this agreement. To date, the Company has not signed any agreements with banks owned by GE Capital other than Service Bank and Budapest Bank. The Company has entered into two other ATM Management Agreements. In December 1996, it signed an agreement with Budapest Bank to provide these ATM network management services to Budapest Bank's 120 machine ATM network in Hungary. Currently, the Company has taken over management of 45 Budapest Bank ATMs. Take over of the remainder has been delayed pending resolution of certain software interface problems which have arisen in connection with the implementation of the contract. An additional ATM Management Agreement was signed with ING in Hungary in July of 1997. Under ATM Management Agreements, the Company can offer banks the option of expanding the card base which may be accepted on managed ATMs. The banks may elect to permit acceptance on Euronet managed ATMs of all cards accepted on the Euronet network through certain Acceptance Agreements in the country concerned. This could increase the volume of transactions processed by the Company. 42 Acceptance and Management Agreements The following table sets forth bank and card issuer agreements with the Company. BANKS INCompany as of December 31, 1997. It also identifies whether the agreement is an Acceptance Agreement or an ATM Management Agreement. ACCEPTANCE AGREEMENTS HUNGARY Orszagos Takarekpenztar es Kereskedelmi Bank Rt.Orszagos es Takarek Penztar Bank ("OTP")(1) Magyar Kulkereskedelmi Bank Rt. (MKB) (OTP) Budapest Fejlesztesi es Hitelbank Rt. (Budapest Bank)(2) Mezobank Rt.(2) Citibank Budapest Rt. Postabank es Takarekpenztar Rt. Creditanstalt Rt. Deutsche Bank Rt. Inter-Europa Bank Rt.
27 29 BANKS INING(2) American Express Diners Club International POLAND Wielkopolskie Bank Kreditowy S.A. Bank Depozytowo-Kredytowy w Lublinie S.A. Wielkopolskie Bank Kreditowy S.A. Bank Wspoffipracy Regionalnej S.A. Krakow
Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A. Bank Przemyslowo--Handlowy SAs Cuprum Bank SA Bank Rozwoju Eksportu SA CROATIA Diners Club International Atlas American Express Raiffeisenbank Austria CZECH REPUBLIC Bank Austria ATM MANAGEMENT AGREEMENTS GERMANY Service Bank HUNGARY Budapest Bank ING(2) Deutsche Bank Rt.(2) - -------- (1) OTP terminated this agreement effective July 1998. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-- Comparison of Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997--Revenues" and "Risk Factors--Dependence on Relationships with Banks and International Card Organizations; Termination of OTP Contract". (2) These entities have both an acceptance and ATM Management Agreement with the Company. The banksagreements with MKB, WBK, Bank Austria and Raiffeisenbank permit Euronet to process all VISA cards issued in Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic, respectively. The agreements with OTP and WBK permit Euronet to process all EUROPAY cards in Hungary and Poland, respectively. The Company can accept all VISA and EUROPAY cards in Germany through its agreement with Service Bank. 43 In January 1998, OTP notified the Company that it was terminating its contract with Euronet effective as of July 27, 1998. As a result of this termination, the Company will not have a direct connection with OTP and will not be able to accept OTP proprietary bank cards. The Company will, however, still be able to accept all OTP issued VISA and EUROPAY cards through its VISA and EUROPAY gateways. For the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company's contract with OTP represented approximately 51% of its consolidated revenues. The financial impact of the OTP contract termination is difficult to assess. The Company believes that such impact may be mitigated in part because (i) the Company believes that VISA and EUROPAY cards represent over 95% of the cards issued by OTP and (ii) the Company receives a higher fee for transactions processed through its VISA and EUROPAY gateway(s) than for OTP proprietary bank cards. However, the Company believes that some of OTP's cardholders will be dissuaded from patronizing Euronet's ATMs due to the higher fees passed through to customers for transactions processed through the VISA and EUROPAY connection. OTHER SERVICES The Euronet Network constitutes a distribution network through which financial and other products or services may be sold at a low incremental cost. The Company has already developed certain services in addition to cash withdrawal and balance inquiry transactions and will continue to implement additional services as markets develop. In May 1996, the Company began to sell advertising on its network. Advertising clients can put their advertisements on the video screens of Euronet's ATMs, on the receipts issued by the ATMs and on coupons dispensed with cash from the ATMs. Euronet also plans to introduce payment processing capabilities on its ATMs which would allow ATM card holders to pay utility bills. The bill payment system would be made available to utilities and other service providers for bills that have traditionally required payment in person at a post office or other central locations. The Company has signed Acceptance Agreements have issued an aggregateits first bill payment agreement with a utility in Hungary and a corresponding settlement bank and is currently working to develop the system operationally. Euronet is exploring various markets (in particularly Croatia) regarding providing on-line point of approximately 800,000sale authorization for purchases made at retail outlets with credit and debit cards. TheIf such services are implemented by the Company, purchases made with cards issued by banks in Poland that have signedexecuted Acceptance Agreements have issued an aggregate of 124,000 credit and debit cards. Through the Company's arrangements with sponsor banks in Hungary and Poland, Euronet's ATMscards connected to international ATM networks that are able to accept all VISA/Plus and Europay/Mastercard/Cirrus cards in Hungary and all VISA/Plus cards in Poland regardless of whether the card issuing bank is connected to the Euronet network.ATM network would be able to be authorized through Euronet's Processing Center, generating additional transaction fees. The Company's ATMs are ungradable so that they can be updated to be used with new technologies including computer chip "smart cards" which are electronic debit cards which can be used to withdraw cash from ATMs as well as being "charged up" with ATM Network Technologyat an ATM through a connection with the cardholder's bank and used to purchase goods from retail locations. All ATMs now ordered by Euronet include chip card readers. In addition to transactions over its network, the Company is developing services which are complementary to, or promote, ATM transactions. During 1997, the Company developed a new card issuance product, referred to as the "Blue Diamond." This product combines IBM hardware and Arksys software (the Software that runs the Company's ATM Network) and is intended to permit banks to rapidly implement card issuance programs. In exchange for a fee, Euronet acts as a consultant in connection with the installation of the hardware and software necessary to implement an ATM processing network and assists banks in issuing credit and debit cards to their account holders. The Blue Diamond system interfaces automatically with Euronet's Arksys ATM network software and facilitates the acceptance on Euronet of transaction by the cards issued in connection with the Blue Diamond service. The market for this product appears to be strongest among banks wishing to issue a small number of cards or to initiate their first card programs. The Company's primary motivation in the development of this program is to promote the issuance of cards by banks, which ultimately will be used on Euronet's network. TRANSACTION VOLUMES The Company monitors and reports on a regular basis to the public the number of transactions which are made by cardholders on its networks. These include cash withdrawals, balance inquiries and certain types of 44 denied transactions (transactions which have been requested by a cardholder but which are denied by a bank). Certain transactions on the Euronet network are not billable to banks, and these are excluded for reporting purposes. The average number of transactions processed each month at Euronet's ATMs over its entire network increased on average approximately 26% per month in 1996 and 12.8% in 1997. The number of transactions processed grew from 238,108 in January 1997 to 892,414 in December 1997. During 1996, substantially all of the growth was in Hungary, since the Company had very few ATMs in Poland. The Company believes that the lower average rates of transaction growth in 1997 as compared with 1996 resulted from the relatively higher number of ATMs which the Company operated in Poland, where card issuance has grown slower than in Hungary. The Company's experience during 1997 has been that transaction growth varies substantially from one month to another. For example, transaction growth was 1.9% in April and 4.1% in September, but was 14% in October and 24% in December. The number of transactions decreased in January in each of 1996 and 1997 by 3% and 5%, respectively. The Company believes this shrinkage results from the fact that consumers have less funds available during the period immediately following Christmas. The transaction volumes processed on any given ATM are affected by a number of factors, including location of the ATM and the amount of time the ATM has been installed at that location. The Company's experience is that the number of transactions on a newly installed ATM is initially very low and increases for a period of three to six months after installation as consumers become familiar with the location of the machine. Because the Company is continuing to build out its ATM network rapidly, the number of newly installed machines is relatively high in proportion to older machines. The Company anticipates that the number of transactions per machine will increase as the network matures and card issuance continues. ATM NETWORK TECHNOLOGY The Company uses IBM/Diebold and NCR ATMs. It currently has long term contracts with these manufacturers to purchase these ATMs at contractually defined prices which include tiered quantity discounts. However, there are no contractually defined commitments with respect to quantities to be purchased. Because Euronet is one of the largest purchasers of new ATMs in Europe, it has substantial negotiating leverage with ATM manufacturers and believes it has received favorable prices as compared with lower volume purchasers. The wide range of advanced technology available from IBM/Diebold and NCR provides Euronet customers with state-of-the-art-electronics features and reliability through sophisticated diagnostics and self-testing routines. The different machine types can perform basic functions, such as dispensing cash and displaying account information, as well as provide revenue opportunities for advertising and selling products through use of color monitor graphics, receipt message printing, and coupon dispensing. The Company's ATMs are modular and upgradeableungradable so that they can be adapted to provide additional services in response to changing technology and consumer demand. In many respects, Euronet's ATMs are more technologically advanced and more adaptable than many older ATMs in use in more developed ATM markets. This allows the Company to modify its ATMs to provide new services without replacing its existing network infrastructure. Strong back office central processing support is a critical factor in the successful operation of an ATM network. Each of Euronet's ATMsATM is connected to Euronet's Processing Center through land-based and satellite telecommunications. Because the Company strives to ensure western levels of reliability for its network, it currently relies primarily on satellite telecommunications for ATM connections to its Processing Center. Except in Germany, all ATMs in the network are linked through VSAT telecommunications to the Processing Center, and the Processing Center is, in most cases, linked by VSAT telecommunications to the Card Issuers. The VSAT telecommunications providers generally guarantee uninterrupted service for 99% of the time. The Company strives to continually improve the terms of its agreements with its telecommunications providers and intends to enter into multi-country agreements with lower rates for service. The Company's agreements with its satellite telecommunications providers contain certain assurances with respect to the repair of satellite malfunction to ensure continuous reliable communications for the network. As the reliability of land based telecommunications 45 improves, the Company may rely more heavily on them because they are generally less expensive than satellite telecommunications. The Processing Center, which is located in Euronet's Budapest office, is staffed 24 hours a day, seven days a week and consists of two production IBM AS400 computers which run the ArksysARKSYS Gold Net ATM Software package. Thissoftware package, as well as a real time back up A/S 400. The back up machine provides high availability during a failure of either production A/S 400. The Processing Center also includes two A/S 400's used for product and connection testing and development. The ARKSYS software is a state-of-the-art software package that conforms to all relevant industry standards and has been installed in 64 countries worldwide. The Processing Center's computers operate Euronet's ATMs and interface with the local bank and international transaction authorization centers. TheTo protect against power fluctuations or short term interruptions, the Processing Center has full uninterruptable power supply systems with battery and diesel power back-up to service the network in case of a power failure. The Processing Center's data back-up systems would prevent the loss of transaction records due to power failure. The Company's agreements with its satellite providers provide for certain assurances with respect tofailure and permit the repair of satellite malfunction to ensure continuous reliable communications for the network. The satellite provider for the Processing Center guarantees uninterrupted service for 99%orderly shutdown of the time. Before the end of the first quarter of 1997, theswitch in an emergency. The Company is formulating plans to establishcreate an off-site disaster recovery back up system in Budapest to provide protection against both natural and man-made disasters. In 1996, Euronet's network operated uninterrupted for 99%Because such a disaster recovery site would require duplication of all of the time excluding scheduled system back-uptelecommunications and maintenance periods. Euronet has entered into multi-country purchasing agreements with IBM and NCR providing forprocessing capabilities of the supply of up to 800 ATMs to Euronet over the next two years. The Company generally finances the acquisition of ATM machines through capital leases. 28 30 ATM NETWORK MANAGEMENT SERVICES The Company recently began offering complete ATM network management services to banks that own proprietary ATM networks. These services include: ATM terminal driving, real-time transaction authorization, advanced monitoring, network gateway access, network switching, 24 hour customer services, maintenance services and settlement and reporting. These services can be offered by Euronet to banks at a savings over managing their own network due to the Company's economies of scale. Sincesecond location, the Company has already contracted for manyestimated the cost of these services and providessuch center at $1 million if it is required to establish the services as partsite on its own. Euronet had intended to put such a center in place in Hungary in 1997, but the high cost of its own operation, this allowssuch a system has led the potential for additional revenue with lower incrementalCompany to seek methods of reducing the cost since Euronet has already invested(for example by having the center placed in a hub maintained by one of the Company's telecommunications providers) or using the equipment in the necessary infrastructure. The ATM network management services provided byrecovery site to meet other requirements arising as a result of the geographical expansion of the Company's business, in particular a requirement that the Company will include managementprocess its German transactions in a member state of an existing network of ATMs or a newly purchased ATM network. This includes 24 hour monitoring of those ATMs from its Processing Center of each individual ATM's status and cash condition, coordinating the cash delivery and management of cash levels in the ATM and automatic dispatch for necessary service calls. Euronet will also be able to provide these managed ATMs access to those international cards and networks that are connected to the Euronet network. In December 1996, the Company signed an agreement with Budapest Bank to manage its ATM network in Hungary. This contract is expected to be implemented by May of 1997. Further, the Company is currently negotiating with a bank in Germany to provide installation and management services to expand the bank's existing ATM network in Germany in non-bank branch locations. OTHER SERVICES Euronet is currently working toward offering on-line point of sale authorization for purchases made at retail outlets with credit and debit cards. Purchases made with cards issued by banks that have executed Acceptance Agreements and cards connected to international ATM networks that are connected to the Euronet ATM network would be able to be authorized through Euronet's Processing Center, generating additional transaction fees. Euronet also plans to introduce payment processing capabilities on its ATMs which would allow ATM card holders to pay utility bills, check stock and mutual fund account balances and purchase stamps, theatre tickets, travellers checks and other items at its ATM machines.European Union. The Company is currently workingnow expects to develop an ATM bill paying system that would be made available to utilities and other service providers for bills that have traditionally required payment in person at a post office or other central locations. In addition, the Company's ATMs are upgradeable so that they can be updated to be used with new technologies including computer chip "smart cards" which are electronic debit cards which can be used to withdraw cash from ATMs as well as being "charged up" with electronic funds at an ATM through a connection with the cardholder's bank and used to purchase goods from retail locations. In May 1996, the Company began to sell advertising on its network. Advertising clients can put their advertisements on the video screens of Euronet's ATMs, on the receipts issuedestablish such back up site by the ATMs and on coupons dispensed with cash from the ATMs. Advertising revenues currently average approximately $200 to $250 per month for ATM carrying advertising.late 1998. COMPETITION Competitive factors in the Company's business are network availability and response time, price both to the Card Issuer and to its customers, ATM location and access to other networks. Principal competitors of the Company include ATM networks owned by banks. Larger banks, in particular, may be able to develop their own network of ATMs. Because banks control the relationship with their cardholders, they may promote the use of their own ATM networks by charging through to customers a higher fee for use of the Euronet network. The Company seeks to counter such charge through by contractual provisions and offering additional services (such as bill payment) to the banks and regionaltheir customers. Certain national networks consisting of consortiums of banks also compete with the Company. In the Czech Republic, ISC MUZO (formed by a consortium of four banks) offers ATM driving and switching services in addition to point of sale services to Czech banks. PolCard in Poland (formed by a consortium of 11 banks) provides point of sale services, card management services, switching services, and ATM driving services to customer banks. The Company expects that ATM transactions will eventually be switched from PolCard to and from Euronet. In Hungary, certain banks established a jointly owned company in 1989, called Giro Bankcard Rt., to develop a central switch for ATM transactions which would permit those banks to switch transactions among themselves in a fashion similar to Euronet. However, the membership in this company has been limited to four banks and during 1997, the Company has established direct connections to two of the member banks, Postabank and Mezobank. As a result of the Company's connection, transactions for these banks no longer transit through the Giro Bankcard system. EMPLOYEES The Company's business is highly automated and it out-sources many of its internalspecialized, repetitive functions such as ATM maintenance and repairinstallation, cash delivery and security. As a result, the Company's labor requirements for operation of the network are relatively low.modest and are centered on monitoring activities to 46 ensure service quality and cash reconciliation and control. The Company also has a customer service department to interface with cardholders to investigate and resolve reported problems in processing transactions. However, Euronet's roll out of ATMs, its development of new products and individual bank connections and its expansion into new markets creates a substantial need to increase existing staff on many levels. The Company requires skilled staff to identify desirable locations for ATMs and negotiate ATM lease agreements. Euronet is also expanding its systems department to add new technical personnel and recruiting strong business leadership for new markets. In addition, the need to ensure consistency in quality and approach in new markets and proper coordination and administration of the Company's expansion, is leading the Company to recruit additional staff in the areas of financial analysis, project management, human resources, communications, marketing and sales. The Company has a program of continual recruitment of superior talent whenever it is identified and ongoing building of skill for existing staff. The Company believes that its future success will depend in part on its ability to continue to recruit, retain and motivate qualified management, technical and administrative employees. As of December 31, 1996, the Company and its subsidiaries had approximately 6058 full-time employees, 3736 of which 29 31 were located in its Budapest office, 21 in its Warsaw office and 1 in its Frankfurt office. As of December 31, 1997 the number of employees was 178 full-time employees, with 79 located in Hungary, 73 in Poland, 7 in the Czech Republic, 8 in Germany, 9 in Croatia and 2 in France. The Company has created a central "head office" organization in Budapest which is independent of the Hungarian country operations and dedicated to overall management of the Company's business. None of the Company's or its subsidiaries' employees are currently represented by a union. The Company has never experienced any work stoppages or strikes. GOVERNMENT REGULATION The Company has received interpretative letters from the Hungarian Bank Supervisory Board and the Polish National Bank to the effect that the business activities of the Company in those jurisdictions as described in the Prospectus, do not constitute "financial activities" subject to licensing. In addition, the Company has received advice to the effect that its activities in each of its other markets do not currently require it to obtain licenses. Any expansion of the activity of the Company into areas which are qualified as "financial activity" under local legislation may subject the Company to licensing, and the Company may be required to comply with various conditions in order to obtain such licenses. Moreover, the interpretations of bank regulatory authorities as to the activity of the Company as currently conducted might change in the future. The Company monitors its business for compliance with applicable laws or regulations regarding financial activities. Under German law, ATMs are subject to essentially the same licensing requirements as bank branches andin Germany may only be operated only by licensed financial institutions. The Company, intendstherefore, may not operate its own ATM network in Germany and must act, under its contract with Service Bank GmbH ("Service Bank"), as a subcontractor providing certain ATM-related services to beService Bank. As a service providerresult, the Company's activities in the German market currently are entirely dependent upon the continuance of the agreement with Service Bank, or the ability to banksenter into a similar agreement with another bank in the event of a termination of such contract. The inability to maintain such agreement or to enter into a similar agreement with another bank upon a termination of the agreement with Service Bank could have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations in Germany. To comply with German regulations, the Company processes transactions in Germany through a contractor, rather than through its Processing Center. The Company is considering expansion into France, whose laws relative to the operation of ATMs are similar to those of Germany. Expansion into France would require the Company to establish and it doesthereafter maintain a relationship with one or more French financial institutions. Although the Company has not anticipate that it will be subject to Germanyet identified a French financial institution, licensing requirements.it has retained a managing director for France, and is exploring potential relationships with French financial institutions and searching for potential ATM locations. There can be no 47 assurance thatas to when or if the Company will not become subjectbe able to additional regulationestablish the necessary relationship for the commencement of operations in Germany or other countriesFrance. The Company wishes to offer the widest possible range of services on its network and is considering taking steps to obtain a limited financial activity licenses in which it conductssome markets to be able to expand its business.services. PROPERTY The Company's executive offices and Processing Center are located in approximately 2,800 square feet of office space in Budapest. The Company also maintains a 2,760 square foot officeoffices in Warsaw.Warsaw, Zagreb, Berlin, Paris, Prague, Krakow and Szczecin. All of the Company's facilitiesoffices are leased. The Company's office leases provide for initial terms of 24 to 60 months. YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE The Company has made an assessment of the impact of the advent of the year 2000 on its systems and operations. The Processing Center will require certain upgrades which have been ordered and are scheduled for installation by the fourth quarter 1998. Most of the ATMs in the Euronet network are not year 2000 compliant, and hardware and software upgrades will be installed under contract with Company's Euronet's ATM maintenance vendors. According to the Company's current estimates, the cost will be approximately $1,000 per ATM, and the required installation will be finished by the end of 1998. The Company estimates that approximately 560 of its ATMs will require upgrades for year 2000 compliance. The Company is currently planning a survey of its bank customers concerning the compliance of their back office systems with year 2000 requirements, and anticipates launching such survey in the third quarter of 1998. If the Company's bank customers do not bring their card authorization systems into compliance with year 2000 requirements, the Company may be unable to process transactions on cards issued by such banks and may lose revenues from such transactions. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company's revenues. Therefore, Euronet will monitor, and hopes to assist its bank clients in, implementation of its customers year 2000 compliance programs, and may, if required to accelerate the compliance programs of it banks, create consulting capabilities in this respect. TRADEMARKS The Company has filed applications for registration of certain of its trademarks including the names "Euronet" and "Bankomat" andand/or the blue diamond logo in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, France and the United Kingdom. Such applications have been granted in Hungary, Poland and Croatia but are still pending in the other countries. The Company does not yet been granted.hold the Euronet trademark in Germany, France or certain other Western European countries due to prior registrations by other Companies. For the time being, the Company does not "brand" ATMs or otherwise use the Euronet trademark in these countries, except as permissible as a corporate name. The Company is developing an alternative trademark and corporate identity for European countries in which the Euronet name is not available and non-European countries. LITIGATION The Company is not currently involved in any material legal proceedings and, to the Company's knowledge, no litigation is currently threatened against it. 30proceedings. 48 32 MANAGEMENT DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND KEY EMPLOYEES The table sets forth certain information concerning the directors, executive officersDirectors, Executive Officers and other key employees of the Company:Company are as follows:
NAME AGE POSITION - ------------------------------------- --- ------------------------------------------------------------ DIRECTORS Michael J. Brown(1).............. 40..... 41 Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Daniel R. Henry.................. 31Henry......... 32 Director, Chief Operating Officer Thomas A. 52 Director McDonnell(1)(2)........(3)..... Nicholas B. 51 Director Nicholas B. Callinan(1)(2)....... 50 Director......... Steven J. 42 Director Buckley(1)(2).......... 41 Director(3)....... Eriberto R. Scocimara............ 60Scocimara... 61 Director Andrzej Olechowski............... 49Olechowski...... 50 Director EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Dennis H. Depenbusch............. 33Depenbusch.... 34 Vice President -- PolandPresident--Poland Bruce S. Colwill................. 31Colwill........ 33 Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer Jeffrey B. Newman(3)............. 42Newman....... 43 Vice President and General Counsel Johannes Seeger.................. 59 Vice President -- Germany OTHER KEY EMPLOYEES Istvan Alpek..................... 30 Finance Manager -- Hungary Jan Kaczmarek(3)................. 48 Operations Manager -- Poland Peter Nagy....................... 36 Business Development Manager -- Hungary Krzysztof Kulig.................. 25 Business Development Manager -- PolandAnthony M. Ficarra...... 55 Chief Information Officer Miro I. Bergman......... 35 Managing Director--Czech Republic Thierry Michel.......... 35 Managing Director--France Matthew Lanford.................. 30Lanford......... 31 Information Systems Manager -- Hungary Joanna Zaczek.................... 43 Systems Manager -- Poland Gabriella Temesi................. 27 Real Estate Manager -- Hungary Nancy Niehoff.................... 50 Real Estate Manager -- PolandDirector William Benko........... 38 Managing Director--Hungary Roger Heinz............. 37 Managing Director--Germany John Romney............. 32 Managing Director--Croatia Timothy A. Fanning...... 32 Managing Director--Romania
- ----------------------- (1) Member of the Compensation Committee (2) Member of the Audit Committee (3) Effective January 1997Member of the Stock Option Committee The 1998 annual meeting of stockholders is presently scheduled for May 1998 at which meeting stockholders will be asked to re-elect as directors Messrs. Brown and Olechowski who will be nominated by the Board of Directors for election as directors for a term expiring in 2001. DIRECTORS MICHAEL J. BROWN is one of the founders of the Company and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since 1994. In 1979 Mr. Brown founded Innovative Software, a computer software company that was merged with Informix in 1988. During this period, Innovative Software conducted three public offerings of its shares. Mr. Brown served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Informix from February 1988 to January 1989. He served as President of the Workstation Products Division of Informix from January 1989 until April 1990. Annual revenues of Informix had grown to $170 million by the time Mr. Brown left Informix in 1990. In 1993 Mr. Brown was a founding investor of Visual Tools, Inc., a company that writes and markets component software for the growing Visual Basic and Visual C++ developer market. Visual Tools, Inc. was acquired by Sybase Software in February 1996. Mr. Brown received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Missouri -- ColumbiaMissouri--Columbia in 1979 and a M.S. in Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of Missouri -- KansasMissouri--Kansas City in 1996. Mr. Brown has been a Director of the Company since its incorporation in December 1996 and he previously served on the boards of Euronet's predecessor companies. His term as Director of the Company will expire in 2000.May 1998. Mr. Brown is married to the sister of Mr. Henry's wife. 49 DANIEL R. HENRY founded the Company with Michael Brown in 1994 and is serving as Chief Operating Officer of the Company. Mr. Henry is based in Budapest, Hungary where he operates and oversees the daily operations of the Company's Hungary operations and the supervision of the Company's Poland operations. Mr. Henry also is responsible for the expansion of the Company into other countries and the development of new 31 33 markets. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Henry was a commercial real estate broker for five years in the Kansas City metropolitan area where he specialized in the development and leasing of premiere office properties. Mr. Henry received a B.S. in Business Administration from the University of Missouri -- ColumbiaMissouri--Columbia in 1988. Mr. Henry has been a Director of the Company since its incorporation in December 1996 and he previously served on the boards of Euronet's predecessor companies. His term as Director of the Company will expire in 1998.May 2000. Mr. Henry is married to the sister of Mr. Brown's wife. THOMAS A. MCDONNELL has been a Director of the Company since its incorporation in December 1996 and he previously served on the boards of Euronet's predecessor companies. From 1973 to September 1995, he served as Treasurer of DST Systems, Inc. Since October 1984 he has served as Chief Executive Officer and since January 1973 (except for a 30 month period from October 1984 to April 1987) he has served as President of such company. From February 1987 to October 1995, he served as Executive Vice President and from 1983 to November 1995 he served as a director of Kansas City Southern Industries. From December 1989 to October 1995, he served as a director of The Kansas City Southern Railway Company. From 1985 to November 1995, he also served as a director of Janus Capital Corporation. From October 1994 to April 1995 he served as President and from 1992 to September 1995 as director of Berger Associates, Inc. From 1994 to January 1997, Mr. McDonnell was a director of First of Michigan Capital Corporation. He is currently a director of Informix, BHA Group, Inc., Nellcor-Puritan BennettDST Systems Inc., Cerner Corporation, First of Michigan CapitalComputer Science Corporation BFDS and Janus Capital Corporation. Mr. McDonnell has a B.S. in Accounting from Rockhurst College and an M.B.A. from the Wharton School of Finance. Mr. McDonnell's term as Director of the Company will expire in May 2000. NICHOLAS B. CALLINAN has been a Director of the Company since its incorporation in December 1996 and he previously served on the boardsboard of Euronet's predecessor companies. Since 1983Euronet Holding N.V. From 1993 he has served as Senior Vice President and Managing Director for Central and Eastern Europe of Advent International Corporation, the ultimate general partner of private equity funds which are a shareholder of the Company. In 1997, he was appointed Managing Director of Emerging Markets for Advent International Corporation. From 1983 to 1993, he was founder and Chief Executive Officer of Western Pacific Management & Investment Company, which later became the Advent Group of Companies. Mr. Callinan has a B.E. in Civil Engineering and an M.B.A. from the University of Melbourne. Mr. Callinan's term as Director of the Company will expire in 1998.May 1999. STEVEN J. BUCKLEY has been a Director of the Company since its incorporation in December 1996 and he previously served on the boards of Euronet's predecessor companies. In June 1990April 1994 he was a co-founder of Poland Partners L.P., a venture capital fund for investment in Poland and since that time April 1994 he has beenserved as President and Chief Executive Officer of Poland Partners Management Company, the advisor of such fund. From June 1990 to April 1994, he was a founder and director of Company Assistance Ltd., a business advisory firm in Poland. He has a B.A. in Political Science from Stanford University and an M.B.A. from Harvard University. Mr. Buckley's term as Director of the Company will expire in 1999.May 2000. ERIBERTO R. SCOCIMARA has been a Director of the Company since its incorporation in December 1996 and he previously served on the boards of Euronet's predecessor companies. Since April 1994 Mr. Scocimara has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund, a private company that is funded by the U.S. government and invests in Hungary and is also a shareholder of the Company. Since 1990 he has been a partner of The Contrarian Group, an investment and management company based in California. Mr. Scocimara is currently a director of the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund, Carlisle Companies, Harrow Industries, Inc., Roper Industries, Quaker Fabrics and several privately-owned companies. He has a Licence de Science Econonomique from the University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and an M.B.A. from Harvard University. His term as a Director of the Company will expire in May 1999. ANDRZEJ OLECHOWSKI has served as a Director of the Company since its incorporation in December 1996. He has held several senior positions with the Polish government: from 1993 to 1995, he was Minister of Foreign 50 Affairs and in 1992 he was Minister of Finance. From 1992 to 1993, and again in 1995, he served as economic advisor to President Walesa. From 1991 to 1992, he was Secretary of State in the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and from 1989 to 1991 was Deputy Governor of the National Bank of Poland. At present Dr. Olechowski is Chairman of Central Europe Trust, Poland, a consulting firm. Since 1994, he has served as Chairman of the City Council in Wilanow, a district of Warsaw. His memberships include a number of public policy initiatives: International Advisory Boards of Creditanstalt, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, International 32 34 Finance Corporation, Textron and boards of various charitable and educational foundations. He received a Ph.D. in Economics in 1979 from the Central School of Planning and Statistics in Warsaw. His term as Director of the Company will expire in 2000. Executive OfficersMay 1998. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS DENNIS H. DEPENBUSCH has been Vice President of the Company's Poland office since its inception in May 1995. From 1992 to 1995, Mr. Depenbusch was Director of Project Finance with RMC in Lawrence, Kansas, where he structured various financing and acquisition strategies for housing projects. From 1990 to 1992, Mr. Depenbusch was a Senior Financial Analyst and Market Research Analyst for Payless ShoeSource. Mr. Depenbusch received a B.S. in Business Administration in 1985 and an M.B.A. in Finance in 1989 from the University of Kansas. BRUCE S. COLWILL has been Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer of Euronet since May 1996. Mr. Colwill was employed as Assistant Controller and Financial Controller for PepsiCo Trading Sp. z o.o. in Warsaw, Poland from 1994 to 1996. From 1989 to 1994, he was employed as a Manager and Senior Accountant with KPMG in both Poland and Canada in the audit function. Mr. Colwill obtained his Canadian Chartered Accountants Designation in 1992. He received a B.B.A. in Accounting from Simon Fraser University in Canada in 1989. JEFFREY B. NEWMAN joined the Company as Vice President and General Counsel on January 31, 1997. Prior to this, he practiced law in Paris with the law firm of Salans Hertzfeld & Heilbronn and then with the Washington, D.C. based law firm of Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn, PLLC, of which he was a partner since 1993. He established the Budapest office of Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn, PLLC in 1991 and has resided in Budapest since that time. He is a member of the Virginia, District of ColombiaColumbia and Paris bars. He received a B.A. in Political Science and French from Ohio University and law degrees from Ohio State University and the University of Paris. JOHANNES SEEGERKEY EMPLOYEES ANTHONY M. FICARRA joined the company as Chief Information Officer in January 1998. Prior to this, he was with Bisys Inc. from 1983 to 1997 as Director National Operations (Banking), Vice-President (Electronic Financial Services), Eastern Region General Manager, and finally Senior Vice President/Chief Information Officer. From 1971 to 1983, he worked with Tymshare Inc. with the final post of Regional Vice President of the Dynatax Division. From 1969 to 1971, he was with Brandon Applied Systems in the final post of Executive Vice President/General Manager. He also previously worked with Thiokol Chemical Corporation from 1962 to 1966. Mr. Ficarra has a B.B.A. in Management from Florida International University. MIRO I. BERGMAN joined the Company in 1997 and is currently the Managing Director of the Company's Czech Republic operations. Prior to joining Euronet, he established a Colorado based company involved in Juneinternational trade. From 1992 to 1996, Mr. Bergman was with First Bank System as Vice President -- Germany. Mr. Seeger has almost 20 years experience as a senior engineer and manager. From 1984 to 1991, he worked as senior manager of EFT, ATM and POS systems for GZS GmbH and was responsible for employees, cash-management, security, service, and technology. From 1991 to 1996, he worked with PostBank GmbH, a German company, in the development of payment systems. Mr. Seeger graduated as a technical engineer from the Cologne Technical Polytechnic. Other Key Employees ISTVAN ALPEK has been Finance Manager -- Hungary since August 1995 and is responsible for the bank's off-premises ATM business of over 1,200 ATMs and served as a Manager of new co-brand card initiatives. From 1988 to 1992, Mr. Bergman worked for Citicorp--Diners Club in various card management and marketing positions. Mr. Bergman received a B.S. in Business Administration from the University of New York at Albany in 1984 and an M.B.A from Cornell University in 1988. 51 THIERRY MICHEL joined the financial and administrative activityCompany as Managing Director of the Company's Hungarian operations. He is also temporarily serving as Operations Manager until that position is permanently filled. From 1993Euronet's French subsidiary, EFT Services France S.A.S., in November 1997. Prior to 1995,this, he was Vice President of Business Finance ManagerDevelopment at Digital Equipment Corporation Ltd. in Budapest, where his responsibilities included management of budgeting, planning, forecasting and reporting.GE Capital-Sovac from 1994 to 1997. From 1990 to 1993, Mr. Alpek was the Finance Manager at Du Pont Co., Hungary. He graduated in 1989 from the College for Foreign Trade of Budapest and is currently enrolled in the M.B.A. course at Pittsburgh University. JAN KACZMAREK became Operations Manager -- Poland in January 1997. Mr. Kaczmarek is responsible for maintaining the daily operations of the network in Poland. This includes liaising with security companies and banks in relation to cash supply and ensuring high availability of the network. From 1994 to 1996, Mr. Kaczmarek was information technology executive for PTK Centertel in Warsaw, Poland, where he was responsible for all aspectsVice President of information technologyMarketing and computing. PriorSales at Robeco and also Chief Information Officer from 1987 to this Mr. Kaczmarek was employed by CSC Computer Sciences Ltd. in Poland and Brussels where1990. From 1985 to 1987, he was responsible for the provision of administrative and billing services as well as the supply for Polish clients and customer service information technology functions.Chief Information Officer at American Express in France. Mr. KaczmarekMichel received an M.A.a Masters degree in General Engineering from l'Ecole polytechnique in 1983, a Masters degree in Systems Managementand Telecommunications from Lancaster Universityl'Ecole National Superieure de Telecommunication in 1972,1985. In 1984 he received a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Surrey in 1971, and a diploma in Organizational Development from IOD Leuven Belgium in 1993. PETER NAGY was appointed Business Development Manager of the Company in February 1995. Dr. Nagy is responsible for acquiring and negotiating contracts, managing and servicing key accounts, and participates in 33 35 marketing and public relation issues. From 1988 to 1995, Dr. Nagy worked as a consultant in Washington, D.C. on Hungarian-American business relations for the Bridgevest, Inc. and Merit, Inc. international consulting firms. He earned a law degree in 1986 from Janus Pannonius University of Pecs, Hungary and attended undergraduate studies in Sales and Marketing at the University of New York. KRZYSZTOF KULIG was appointed Business Development Manager for the Company's Poland operations in September 1995. His primary responsibility is marketing Euronet's services to the Polish banking community. This includes acquiring and negotiating contracts, managing and servicing key accounts and participating in marketing and public retail issues. From 1994 to 1995, Mr. Kulig was Brand and Export Manager for Pollena-Ewa S.A. in Poland. Mr. Kulig has an M.A. in International Trade and Finance from the University of Lodz, Poland in 1995, and a DiplomaPh.D. in Economics from the University of Kent. Mr. Kulig is currently enrolled in the M.B.A. program at the University of Calgary, Canada.l'Universite de Paris. MATTHEW LANFORD was appointed Information Systems ManagerDirector for Euronet in August 1996. He is responsible for systems design and development and ensuring that Euronet's technology is up-to-date and capable of supporting the rapid expansion of the Company. From 1989 to 1995, he worked as a programmer, project supervisor and lead programmer/analyst for Arksys, Inc., the supplier of the ITM/400 software on the AS/400, where he designed the network processing software currently being used by the Company. From February 1995 to August 1996, he worked as lead programmer/analyst for Associates Bancorp, Inc., a division of The Associates, an international consumer/commercial finance organization. Mr. Lanford has a B.S. in Computer Science from the University of Arkansas at Little Rock. JOHANNA ZACZEK was appointed Systems Manager for the Company's Poland operations in February 1996. Her primary task is managing the information systems within the Polish office, maintaining the ATM network and creating and maintaining technical connections to the Polish banks. From 1986 to 1996, Ms. Zaczek worked at Zurich Re (UK) Ltd. where her most recent positions were corporate analyst and information technology consultant. Ms. Zaczek holds a Masters degree in Electronics from Warsaw Polytechnic University and a diploma in Computer Science from the London Polytechnic. GABRIELLA TEMESIWILLIAM BENKO joined Euronet in September 1994January 1997 in business development and has been Real Estate Manager forbecame the Company's Hungary operations since 1995. She is responsible for securing ATM locations, site contract negotiationsManaging Director in July 1997. From May 1990 to January 1997, Mr Benko co-owned and acquiring site permissions for installation.operated a commercial real estate brokerage company and published a bi-weekly real estate magazine, R.E. Source, in Budapest, Hungary. From 19911988 to 1992, she1990, Mr Benko owned and operated a computer leasing firm in Dallas, Texas and also worked for Westbrook Associates and from 1992 to 1994 for Healy & Baker International,with CIS Leasing Corporation, where shehe was responsible for various commercial real estate transactions such as acquiring sites for retailersmarketing IBM mainframe equipment in an eight state area. From 1982 and offices. Ms. Temesi received her certification from the Education Center for Foreign Trade and obtained1988, he worked with StorageTek in Dallas. Mr. Benko has a state brokerage and appraisal licenseB.A. in 1993. NANCY NIEHOFF was appointed Real Estate Manager for the Company's Poland operations in August 1995. Her primary responsibility is the acquisition of sites for new ATM locations. From 1985 to 1995, Ms. Niehoff was Real Estate Manager for the CB Commercial Real Estate Group in both New York City and Cincinnati, Ohio, where she managed properties and coordinated new business development and managed properties in receivership. Ms. Niehoff holds a B.S. in NursingEconomics from the University of CincinnatiColorado. ROGER HEINZ joined the Company as Managing Director of the Euronet's German subsidiary, Euronet Services GmbH, in July 1997. From 1985 to 1997, Mr. Heinz was with NCR Germany and NCR Poland as Sales Manager and Sales and Operations Director. JOHN ROMNEY is Managing Director of Euronet's Croatian Subsidiary, EFT Uslege. Mr. Romney joined Euronet in February of 1997 and in April 1997 opened the Croatian office in Zagreb. From 1993 to 1997, Mr. Romney was a partner in and sales manager for Escalante Imports and was responsible for accounts in 20 states in the western United States. From 1989 to 1993, Mr. Romney worked for Peterson Consulting in Chicago where he specialized in performing financial analysis and cost allocation calculations for multi-party litigation. Mr. Romney received a B.S. degree in Finance from the University of Notre Dame in 1989. TIMOTHY A. FANNING has Certified Property Manager candidate statusbeen Managing Director of Euronet's Romanian office since its inception in November 1997. Between August and November 1997, Mr. Fanning worked in Euronet's European Business Development group. Mr. Fanning was an associate with the InstituteLaw Firm of Real Estate Management. 34McCarthy, Duffy, Neidhart & Snakard in 1997 prior to joining Euronet. From 1988 to 1993, Mr. Fanning was Manager of Syndications and Manager of Capital Markets with The Toronto-Dominion Bank in Chicago, Illinois, where he administered syndicated loans as well as interest rate and currency swaps. Mr. Fanning received a B.A. in Economics in 1988 and a law degree in 1996 from the University of Notre Dame. 52 36 EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The following table shows, forsets forth certain information regarding the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, compensation awarded or paid by the Company to its Chief Executive Officer (the only employeeand to the one other executive officer of the Company whose total annual salary and bonus forequaled or exceeded $100,000 during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 equaled or exceeded $100,000):1997 (the "Named Executive Officers") for the periods indicated: SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
ANNUAL COMPENSATION ------------------------------ LONG-TERM COMPENSATION -------------------------------- ----------------------------------- OTHER SECURITIES ($) BONUS ANNUAL UNDERLYING RESTRICTED ALL OTHER SALARY ----- COMPENSATION OPTIONS COMPENSATIONCOMPEN- OPTIONS/ STOCK LTP COMPEN- NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION PERIOD -------SALARY ($) BONUS ($) SATION ($) SAR'S (#) AWARD(S) ($) PAYOUTS ($) SATION ($) - --------------------------- ------ ---------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ - ----------------------------------- ------ ($) ($) ($) (#) ($)----------- ---------- Michael J. Brown...................Brown........ 1997 100,000 $0 $0 -- -- -- -- Chief Executive Officer 1996 100,000 0 0$0 $0 1,149,890 0 Chairman, Chief Executive Officer-- -- -- Jeffrey B. Newman....... 1997 133,333 $0 $0 17,500 -- -- -- Vice President and 1996 -- $0 $0 52,500 -- -- -- General Counsel
OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR The following table provides certain information concerning each grantOptions granted to the Named Executive Officers of options to purchase the Company's Shares madeCompany during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 to its Chief Executive Officer:1997. INDIVIDUAL GRANTS
INDIVIDUAL GRANTS - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- POTENTIAL REALIZABLE % OF TOTAL VALUE AT ASSUMED NUMBER OF OPTIONS ANNUAL RATES OF STOCK NUMBER OF % OF TOTAL PRICE APPRECIATION SECURITIES OPTIONS EXERCISE FOR UNDERLYING GRANTED TO PRICE APPRECIATION UNDERLYING EMPLOYEES EXERCISE FOR OPTION TERM (1) OPTIONS IN FISCAL PRICE EXPIRATION ---------------------- NAME GRANTED YEAR PER OPTION TERM(3) OPTIONS GRANTED EMPLOYEES IN SHARE EXPIRATION ------------------- NAME (#)(1)(2) FISCAL YEAR ($/SH) DATE 5% ($) 10% ($) - ------------------------- --------------- ---------------- ---------- ---------- --------- ------------- -------- ------------------ ----------- Michael J. Brown......... 1,149,890 50.5 2.14 Oct. 14, 2006 1,549,622 3,927,048Brown................ -- -- -- -- -- -- Jeffrey B. Newman............... 17,500 5.8% $13.94 Apr. 22, 2007 153,419 388,793
- ----------------------- (1) Such options were awarded in accordance with the provisions of a shareholder's agreement dated February 15, 1996, as amended October 14, 1996 (see "-- Stock Option Plans"). These options are subject to the provisions of the Euronet Long-Term Incentive Stock Option Plan adopted by the Company on August 13, 1996. Mr. Brown's options will fully vest and become exercisable upon the occurrence of the Offering. (2) Each share in Euronet Holding N.V. was exchanged for one share of Common Stock in the Company pursuant to the terms of the Exchange Agreement, dated December 17, 1996, among Euronet Services Inc., Euronet Holding N.V. and all of the shareholders and optionholders of Euronet Holding N.V. (3) Potential realizable value is based on the assumption that the shares appreciate at the annual rates shown (compounded annually) from the date of grant until the expiration of the option term. Those numbers are calculated based upon the requirements promulgated by the Commission and do not reflect any estimate by the Company of future Share price increases. AGGREGATE OPTION EXERCISES IN LAST FISCAL YEAR AND FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUES The following table sets forth certain information regardingconcerning Options exercised by the stock options held as ofNamed Executive Officers during the year ended December 31, 19961997 and Options held by the Chief Executive Officer.such individuals at December 31, 1997:
VALUE OF UNEXERCISED IN- NUMBER OF SECURITIES THE- UNDERLYING UNEXERCISED VALUE OF UNEXERCISEDMONEY OPTIONS AT SHARES OPTIONS IN-THE-MONEY OPTIONS ACQUIRED ON AT DECEMBER 31, 19961997 DECEMBER 31, 1997 ($) AT DECEMBER 31, 1996 ($)(1)ACQUIRED ON VALUE -------------------------------- ------------------------- NAME EXERCISE VALUE --------------------------- --------------------------- NAME (#) REALIZED ($)$(1) EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE - -------------------------------- ----------- ------------------------- ----------- ---------------------------- ----------- ------------- Michael J. Brown............ 0 0 0 1,149,890 0 12,487,805Brown...... 224,492 2,010,979 926,323 -- 5,196,672 -- Jeffrey B. Newman....... -- -- 10,500 42,000 58,905 235,620
- ----------------------- (1) Based uponon the initial public offeringdifference between the exercise price of $13 per Share minus the applicable exercise price. 35Options and the fair market value of the Common Stock on March 7, 1997 and December 1, 1997, which are the dates the Options were exercised. 53 37 COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS The Company doeshistorically has not currently paypaid fees to its directors for attendance at meetings. Following completion of the Offering,Effective January 1, 1998, the Company intends to paypays each outside director a fee consistentof $2,000 for each board meeting attended, a fee of $1,000 for each committee meeting attended, and a fee of $250 for participation in a telephonic meeting. In addition, each Director will receive options to purchase 1,000 shares of stock in accordance with that paid by similar companiesthe Company's Stock Option Plan. The Company also reimburses directors for attendance at meetings, together with reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the directors' attendance at such meetings. No additional compensation will beAndrzej Olechowski is paid for committee meetings held on the same day as a Board of Directors' meeting. Officers of the Company who are also directors will receive no additional compensation$4,000 for serving as directors.a member of the Company's Advisory Board. EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS Mr. Brown serves as the Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board of the Company pursuant to an employment agreement dated December 17, 1996. Under the terms of his agreement, Mr. Brown is entitled to an annual salary of $100,000, subject to annual review and adjustments by the Board of Directors, and is reimbursed for all reasonable and proper business expenses incurred by him in the performance of his duties under the agreement. The terms of the agreement also provide that Mr. Brown will be entitled to fringe benefits and perquisites comparable to those provided to any or all of the Company's senior officers. The term of the agreement expires in December 1999. The term of the agreement, however, will be automatically extended on the same terms and conditions for successive periods of one year each unless declined by either party for any reason. In the event that Mr. Brown's employment with the Company is terminated by the Company for Cause (as defined in the agreement), or if Mr. Brown voluntarily terminates employment with the Company, he will be entitled to receive all compensation, benefits and reimbursable expenses accrued as of the date of such termination. In the event that Mr. Brown's employment with the Company is terminated by reason of death or Disability (as defined in the agreement), he (or his designated beneficiary) will be paid his annual salary at the rate then in effect for an additional one-year period. The agreement also contains certain non-competition,non- competition, non-solicitation and non-disclosure covenants. The Company has also entered into employment agreements with Mr.Messrs. Henry, Mr. Depenbusch, Newman and Mr. Colwill, all of which expire in December 1999. Certain other key employees also haveThe terms of these employment agreements.agreements are substantially similar to those contained in Mr. Brown's employment agreement. STOCK OPTION PLANS Milestone Options. In accordance with the Shareholders' Agreement,a shareholders' agreement, dated February 15, 1996, as amended October 14, 1996 (the "Shareholders' Agreement"), the Company has reserved a total of 2,050,405 shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to Milestone Optionsstock options (the "Milestone Options") granted under the Shareholders' Agreement to Mr. Brown and Mr. Henry, as well as certain other key employees of the Company. The Milestone Options are subject to the provisions of the Euronet Long-Term Incentive Stock Option Plan. See "-- The"--The Long-Term Incentive Plan." The Milestone Options granted to Mr. Brown, Mr. Henry and Mr. Depenbusch have an exercise price equal to $2.14 per share and vest and become exercisable upon the earlier of October 14, 2006, or the date on which any one or more of the three performance goals described in the Shareholders' Agreement is attained. One-third of the Milestone Options vest upon the occurrence of each milestone. Upon the effectiveness of the Offering,The Milestone Options granted to Mr. Brown, Mr. Henry and Mr. Depenbusch willare fully vestvested and become exercisable. Milestone Options allocated at Mr. Brown's discretion to other management and key employees also have an exercise price of $2.14 per share but are conditioned upon the completion of an initial public offering of the Company's Common Stock on or before June 30, 1997, and will vestbecome exercisable in three equal installments of 33% of the grant beginning on the date of the Closing of the Offering, with the secondbetween 1997 and third portions vesting on the first and second anniversaries of the Offering, respectively. In the event that an initial public offering of the Company's common stock does not occur on or before June 30, 1997, the Milestone Options allocated to management and key employees (other than Mr. Brown, Mr. Henry and Mr. Depenbusch) will expire and again be available for reallocation at Mr. Brown's discretion.2000. See "Certain Transactions." The Long-Term Incentive Plan. The Euronet Long-Term Incentive Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") was adopted by the Company on August 13,December 17, 1996. Pursuant to the provisions of the Plan, employees and consultants of the Company may be offered the opportunity to acquire shares of Common Stock by the grant of non-qualifiednon- qualified stock options ("Options"). A total of 1,299,550 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance pursuant to Options under 36 38 the Plan. Options to purchase shares of Common Stock of the Company may 54 be granted to eligible employees and consultants, as determined by the Board of Directors, in amounts reflecting the employee's or consultant's employment responsibilities and level of performance. The Options vest in five equal annual installments of 20% of the grant, and have a term of ten years. The exercise price per share of Common Stock purchased on exercise of Options is the fair market value of the Common Stock at the date of grant.years from grant date. Once vested, the Options may be exercised in whole or part. The Plan also incorporates various prior grants of Milestone Options under the Shareholders' Agreement. In addition to Milestone Options, as of the date of this Prospectus non-qualified stock options have been granted to certain employees of the Company, including Options to acquire 440,440 sharesOptions to Mr. Henry, Options to acquire 287,000 shares to Mr. Depenbusch as well as Options to acquireand 335,510 sharesin the aggregate to other key employees. The Company is considering the adoption of a new stock option plan pursuant to which options to purchase 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock may be granted to directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company. Such plan, which would be subject to stockholder approval, would provide for the issuance of incentive and non-qualified options the terms of which would be similar to those issued under the Plan. Determination of Option Exercise Price. The Company has granted the options described above at an exercise price based on the estimated fair market value of the underlying shares of Common Stock. Fair market value has been determined by reference totaking into consideration the per share price at which the most recent sale of Common Stockequity securities was made by the Company to investors. With respect tonew investors, with the exception of Milestone Options issued on October 14, 1996 and Incentive Stock Options issued in the last quarter of 1996, all with an exercise price of $2.14 per share. The fair market value of the shares underlying the options issued on October 14, 1996 and those issued during the last quarter of 1996 was determined to be $2.14 as$4.22 per share which is the cash price for the sale of shares in the time they were granted on October 14, 1996 basedthird party purchase of shares in February 1997. Subsequent to the 1997 equity offer, the exercise price for option grants under the Plan is equal to the closing sale price on the per share price at which certain shareholders of the Company concurrently committed to make the first $1 million tranche of a total $3 million investment in the Company. See "Certain Transactions -- Formation of Euronet Holding N.V."NASDAQ National Market. COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS Audit Committee. The Directors have established an Audit Committee of independent Directors. The Audit Committee will makemakes recommendations concerning the engagement of independent accountants, review with the independent accountants the plans and results of the audit engagement, approve professional services provided by the independent accountants, review the independence of the independent accountants, consider the range of the audit and non-audit fees and review the adequacy of the Company's internal accounting controls. In addition, the Audit Committee will be responsible for reviewing and overseeing transactions between the Company and related parties or affiliated companies. Thomas A. McDonnell, Steven J. Buckley and Nicholas B. Callinan are members of the Audit Committee. Compensation Committee. The Directors have established a Compensation Committee with a majority of independent Directors, which will makemakes determinations with respect to salaries and bonuses payable to the Company's Executive Officers and will administer the Company's Stock Option Plan.stock option plan. Michael J. Brown, Thomas A. McDonnell, Steven J. Buckley and Nicholas B. Callinan will beare the current members of the Compensation Committee. 37Mr. Brown does not participate in decisions regarding his own compensation. Stock Option Committee. The Directors have established a Stock Option Committee, which makes determinations with respect to grants of options to officers and employees of the Company. Thomas A. McDonnell and Steven J. Buckley are members of this Committee. 55 39 CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS FINANCINGS Between June 22, 1994 and the present, the Company and its existing shareholders have engaged in several transactions to provide the Company (including its predecessors and operating subsidiaries) with the necessary financing. These transactions are summarized below. For the convenience of the reader all amounts of capital contributions made in Hungarian forints have been translated into U.S. dollars at the official middle rate established by the National Bank of Hungary on the date such capital contributions were made and all amounts of capital contributions made in Polish zlotys have been translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate quoted by the National Bank of Poland at noon on the date such capital contributions were made. Formation of the Company. Bank Access 24 Kft. ("Bank 24"), the predecessor of the Hungarian operating subsidiary of the Company, was established on June 22, 1994 by Michael Brown and Daniel Henry, both of whom are Directors of the Company. Mr. Brown received a 90% equity interest in Bank 24 in consideration for a contribution of $9,000 and Mr. Henry received a 10% interest in consideration of a contribution of $1,000. Original Joint Venture Agreement. On July 19, 1994 a Joint Venture Agreement (the "Original JVA") was entered into by Mr. Brown and DST Systems, Inc., Euroventures (Hungary) B.V. ("Euroventures"), Mark Callegari, Larry Maddox and Lawrence Schwartz. The Original JVA provided that the parties to the Original JVA would contribute capital to Bank 24 in exchange for ownership interests in Bank 24 in the following amounts:
CAPITAL PERCENTAGE SHAREHOLDER CONTRIBUTION OWNERSHIP - --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------- ------------ ---------- Michael Brown........................................................Brown........................................ $ 990,000 42.74%(1) DST Systems, Inc.....................................................Inc..................................... $1,000,000 34.72% Euroventures.........................................................Euroventures......................................... $ 300,000 10.42% Mark Callegari.......................................................Callegari....................................... $ 200,000 6.93% Lawrence Schwartz....................................................Schwartz.................................... $ 50,000 1.74% Larry Maddox.........................................................Maddox......................................... $ 100,000 3.74%
- --------------- (1) Includes his original $9,000 interest as well as the $1,000 interest transferred by Mr. Henry and the founders interest described below. Pursuant to the Original JVA, Mr. Henry transferred his 10% interest in Bank 24 to Mr. Brown for a purchase price equal to $1,000. At the time of the Original JVA, Mr. Brown was granted an additional 8% equity interest in Bank 24 free of charge. 38 40at no cost. Capital Increase and Amendment of Original JVA. On February 20, 1995, the Original JVA was amended by an Amended and Restated Joint Venture Agreement (the "Amended JVA") under which a new shareholder, the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund ("HAEF"), and Euroventures agreed to purchase from a third party 100% of the equity interests in SatComNet Kft., which is now a subsidiary of the Company ("SatComNet"). HAEF acquired an 89% interest in SatComNet for a purchase price of $439,000 and Euroventures purchased an 11% interest in SatComNet for $52,000. Under the Amended JVA, HAEF also agreed to contribute $611,000 to Bank 24, Euroventures agreed to contribute $148,000 and a new shareholder, Hi-Care Trade and Development Company ("Hi-Care") agreed to contribute $197,000. 56 The shareholders of SatComNet and Bank 24 exchanged their interests held in such companies to create identical ownership of the two companies, as follows:
PERCENTAGE SHAREHOLDER OWNERSHIP - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Michael Brown...................................................................Brown..................................................... 30.29% DST Systems, Inc................................................................Inc.................................................. 22.49% HAEF............................................................................HAEF.............................................................. 23.61% Euroventures....................................................................Euroventures...................................................... 11.24% Hi-Care.........................................................................Hi-Care........................................................... 4.50% Mark Callegari..................................................................Callegari.................................................... 4.50% Larry Maddox....................................................................Maddox...................................................... 2.25% Lawrence Schwartz...............................................................Schwartz................................................. 1.12% ---------- TOTAL........................................................................... 100% ========------ Total........................................................... 100.00% ======
Bank 24 was then transformed into an "Rt.", a different form of Hungarian corporate entity. Under the Amended JVA, Mr. Henry was granted an option to purchase up to 6% of the shares of each of Bank 24 and SatComNet for a total purchase price of $246,000. Hi-Care entered into a lease with Bank 24 effective as of September 10, 1994 for the Company's current offices in Budapest. The entire amount contributed to the capital of Bank 24 by Hi-Care under the Amended JVA was immediately paid out to Hi-Care as a payment under such lease. Loans from Mr. Michael J. Brown. Mr. Brown established the Company's Polish operating subsidiary, Bankomat 2424/Euronet Sp. z o.o. ("Bankomat"), on August 8, 1995. Upon its formation, Mr. Brown contributed $2,000 to Bankomat and was the sole interest holder of Bankomat. A capital increase in the amount of $61,000 was made on December 7, 1995. On August 31, 1995, Mr. Brown agreed to make revolving loans in the amount $125,000 to Bankomat at a rate of interest of 10% per year. The amount of such loans was increased to $195,000 as of May 21, 1996. As of September 30,December 31, 1996, $262,000 was outstanding under such loans and other loans made by Mr. Brown to the Company consisting of $67,000 in loans at an interest rate of 10% relating to the establishment of Bankomat. A portionSuch loans were repaid in 1997 by application of the proceeds of the Offering will be used to repay these loans.Company's 1997 equity offering. Formation of Euronet Holding N.V. On February 15, 1996 the shareholders in Bank 24 and SatComNet and Hi-Care (the "Original Investors") terminated the Amended JVA and entered into the Shareholders' Agreement reorganizing the ownership of Bank 24, SatComNet and Bankomat. Under the Shareholders' Agreement, the Original Investors contributed all of their shares and interests in Bank 24, SatComNet and Bankomat to Euronet Holding N.V., which was established on March 27, 1996 as a holding company. In addition, four new shareholders made cash contributions to the capital of Euronet Holding N.V in exchange for Common Sharespreferred stock of Euronet Holding N.V., as follows:
NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES CONTRIBUTION OF EURONETPREFERRED STOCK NEW SHAREHOLDERS COMMITMENT OF EURONET HOLDING N.V. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------------------------------ Advent Private Equity Fund CELP.................................. $ 1,250,000 12,500CELP............ $1,250,000 875,000 Hungarian Private Equity Fund....................................Fund.............. $ 500,000 5,000350,000 Poland Investment Fund........................................... $ 1,250,000 12,500Fund..................... $1,250,000 875,000 Poland Partners L.P.............................................. $ 3,000,000 30,000L.P........................ $3,000,000 2,100,000
39 41 Concurrently with these transactions, Euroventures purchased the shares and interests of Hi-Care in Bank 24 and SatComNet. 57 The Shareholders' Agreement provided that the Original Investors and management of Euronet Holding N.V. would be granted certain awards of preferred shares, and in the case of Mr. Brown, Common Shares, of Euronet Holding N.V. in consideration of the payment of the par value ($0.01)0.02) of such shares if certain goals ("Milestones") were attained by the Company (the "Milestone Awards"). Specifically, the following Original Investors were to receive the following amounts of preferred shares or Common Shares of Euronet Holding N.V.:
NUMBER OF SHARES ORIGINAL INVESTOR OR MANAGEMENT MEMBER TO BE AWARDED -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- Michael Brown...........................................................Brown.................................................. up to 1,117,620 DST Systems, Inc. ......................................................Inc............................................... up to 258,300 HAEF....................................................................HAEF........................................................... up to 271,110 Euroventures............................................................Euroventures................................................... up to 180,810 Mark Callegari..........................................................Callegari................................................. up to 51,597 Larry Maddox............................................................Maddox................................................... up to 25,802 Lawrence Schwartz.......................................................Schwartz.............................................. up to 12,901 Daniel Henry............................................................Henry................................................... up to 593,670
Pursuant to the Shareholders' Agreement, Euronet Holding N.V. was entitled to call a "standby round" of investment from DST Systems, Inc., Poland Partners L.P., Hungarian Private Equity Fund and the Advent Private Equity Fund CELP of up to $3,000,000 in the aggregate from such shareholders at a per share price of $2.14 for one tranche and $10.00 per share for a second tranche subject to certain conditions. The first tranche of this standby round was called on November 26, 1996 and 466,669 Series B convertible preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. were issued in exchange for $1 million. The Company's right to call the remainder of the standby round commitment will terminateterminated on the termination of the Shareholders' Agreement which will occuroccurred on the execution of the underwriting agreement to be executedMarch 7, 1997 in connection with this Offeringthe equity offering. In addition, the Shareholders' Agreement provided that Mr. Brown would be reimbursed by the shareholders for up to $100,000 for expenses incurred from December 1994 to May 1995, and by the Company for expenses incurred from June 1, 1995 to March 27, 1996 relating to the establishment of Bankomat. On October 11, 1996, Euronet Holding N.V. adopted a revision to its Articles of Association effecting a ten for one stock split. On October 14, 1996, the Shareholders' Agreement was amended (the "First Amendment") and the Milestone Award arrangements were modified to provide for two different types of grants: (i) Milestone Awards of preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for payment of par value ($0.01)0.02), to all Original Investors except Mr. Brown,Brown; (ii) Options to purchase Common Shares and preferred stock of Euronet Holding N.V. to Mr. Brown, and options to purchase preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. to Mr. Henry, Mr. Depenbusch and certain other employees of the group at a purchase price of $2.14 per share ("Milestone Options"). The number of shares of Euronet Holding N.V. subject to these option arrangements was increased as compared with the amounts that were to be awarded under the ShareholdersShareholder's Agreement to take into account the fact that consideration was now to be paid for such shares. The following numbers of Milestone Options were granted to directors and officers of the Company: Michael Brown (1,149,890 of Common Shares and preferred stock of Euronet Holding N.V.); Daniel Henry (599,340 preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V.); and Dennis Depenbusch (226,450 preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V.). All Milestone Awards of Common Shares of Euronet Holding N.V. will be madebecame effective as of the closing of the Offering1997 equity offering and all Milestone Options will becomebecame vested upon the closing of the Offering,offering, with the exception of 49,819 Options to certain key employees which will vest equally over two years following the Offering.in March of 1998 and 1999. See "Management -- Stock"Management--Stock Option Plans." 40 42 The Reorganization. In December 1996, the Company, shareholders and optionholders of Euronet Holding N.V. entered into an Exchange Agreement pursuant to which (i) 9,585,56910,296,076 shares of Common Stock willwere to be 58 issued to the shareholders of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all of the Common Shares of Euronet Holding N.V., (ii) options to acquire 3,113,355 shares of Common Stock willwere to be granted to the holders of options to acquire 3,113,355 Common Shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all of such options and (iii) awards with respect to 800,520 shares of Common Stock willwere to be issued to the holders of awards with respect to 800,520 preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all such awards. SuchThe exchange is subject to and will bebecame effective uponas of March 6, 1997, the date of the execution of the underwriting agreement to be executed in connection with the Offering.Company's 1997 equity offering. GE Capital Investment. On January 31, 1997, the Company signed a subscription agreement (the "Subscription Agreement") with General Electric Capital Corporation ("GE Capital") pursuant to which GE Capital agreed to subscribe for preferred stock of Euronet Holding N.V. will be dissolved followingfor an aggregate purchase price of $3 million which entitled GE Capital to receive 710,507 shares of Common Stock of the Reorganization. InCompany in connection with the Reorganization, resulting in a per share purchase price of $4.22. Under a "claw back" option, the Company retained the right to repurchase up to 292,607 of such shares for nominal consideration in the event of a public or private offering of the Company's Common Stock, if the Company was attributed a valuation that is higher than that used for purposes of the Subscription Agreement, including the 1997 equity offering. The conditions for the exercise of this option were met and the Company exercised this option on June 16, 1997. The Company repurchased all 292,607 shares from GE Capital for a price of approximately $4,000. These shares are currently held in treasury. The Subscription Agreement also included certain reciprocal rights of the parties to act as preferred providers of services to each other in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. In particular, the Company is a preferred provider of outsourced ATM services to certain banks affiliated with GE Capital and GE Capital is a preferred provider of equipment financing and satellite telecommunications to the Company. Initial Public Offering. On March 7, 1997, the Company completed an initial public offering of its Common Shares. The following transactions occurred in connection with the offering: (i) the Reorganization became effective; (ii) the Shareholders' Agreement will be terminated.was terminated; (iii) Michael Brown exercised Milestone Options to purchase 149,492 shares and sold them in the offering together with 205,023 shares which he held directly prior to the offering, resulting in total net proceeds to him of approximately $4,226,000. (iv) Daniel Henry exercised Milestone and Incentive options to purchase 103,985 shares of the Company's stock and sold them in the offering, resulting in net proceeds to him of approximately $1,174,000. (v) Dennis Depenbusch exercised Milestone and Incentive options to purchase 51,345 shares of the Company's stock and sold them in the offering, resulting in net proceeds to him of approximately $569,000. (vi) all of the shareholders of the Company as of March 6, 1997 except DST Systems, Inc. sold 25% of the shares held as of that time, including the following shareholders who held over 10% of the shares prior to the offering: Michael J. Brown; HAEF, which sold 350,753 shares for total net proceeds of approximately $4,493,000; and Poland Partners which sold 525,000 shares for total net proceeds of approximately $6,733,000. (vii) the Company issued and sold in the offering a total of 3,833,650 shares, including 795,000 shares which were purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their over-allotment option. Total net proceeds to the Company in the offering were approximately $47,857,000. ATM PURCHASE OPTIONPurchase Option. On March 10, 1995, Bank 24 entered into a Master Rental Agreement with HFT Corporation ("HFT") pursuant to which HFT agreed to lease ATM machines to Bank 24 pursuant to operating leases which are treated, for U.S. GAAP purposes only, as capital leases. On the same date, HFT granted an option to purchase the ATM machines which were the subject of this Master Rental Agreement to Windham 59 Technologies, a company controlled by Michael Brown and Mark Callegari. On March 25, 1995, Windham Technologies executed a unilateral undertaking (the "Undertaking") to sell such machines to Bank 24 for a purchase price which was equal to the price paid by Windham, plus an "indemnification amount", as defined in such undertaking.incidental expenses. All ATMs operated by the Company are subject to this arrangement. As indicated in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", the Company intends to restructure these arrangements as capital leases under Hungarian law and has recorded an accrual in this respect. 41Windham Technologies Inc. Windham Technologies Inc. ("Windham") holds the option to purchase certain ATMs at the end of the lease term. Windham is jointly owned by two shareholders of Euronet Holding N.V. Windham has signed an undertaking to contribute these assets to Euronet Holding N.V. at the end of the lease at a bargain purchase price of $1 plus incidental expenses. In addition, payments of $94,000, $425,000, $320,000 and $66,000 have been made for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) through December 31, 1994, respectively, to Windham. These payments cover the services and related expenses of consultants seconded by Windham to Euronet Holding N.V. These services include AS400 computer expertise, bank marketing and management support. See "Description of Capital Stock--Registration Rights" for information regarding the right of certain directors or officers and their affiliates to require the Company to file a registration statement covering the public sale by such persons of the shares of common stock owned by them, and to pay all of the costs and expenses associated therewith, other than underwriting discounts and fees. 60 43 PRINCIPAL AND SELLING SHAREHOLDERSSTOCKHOLDERS The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of the Company's Sharesshares of Common Stock in the Company as of January 1, 1997, and after giving effect to the OfferingFebruary 15, 1998, by (i) each shareholder known by the Company to own beneficially more than 5% of the Shares,Common Stock and (ii) each Director and named Executive Officer of the Company and (iii) all Directors and Executive Officers of the Company as a group and (iii) each Selling Shareholder.group.
SHARES SHARES BENEFICIALLY SHARES TO BE BENEFICIALLY OWNED PRIOR TO SOLD IN THE OWNED AFTER THE OFFERING OFFERING THE OFFERING(1) ------------------ ------------ ------------------BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP --------------------------- NUMBER OF NUMBERPERCENTAGE STOCKHOLDER SHARES(1) OF NUMBER OF SHAREHOLDERS SHARES(2) % SHARES(1) SHARES(2) % - ------------OUTSTANDING(1) ----------- --------- ------ ------------ --------- ----------------------- Directors and Named Executive Officers Michael J. Brown(3)........................ 3,562,440 33.48% 354,515 3,132,347 22.81%Brown(2)............................. 3,063,202 20.2% Daniel R. Henry(4)......................... 775,600 7.29% 77,567 698,033 5.08%Henry(3).............................. 759,619 5.0% Jeffrey B. Newman(4)............................ 14,000 * Bruce S. Colwill................................ 16,058 * Dennis Depenbusch(5)....................... 283,850 2.67% 28,385 255,465 1.86% Peter Nagy(6).............................. 21,980 * -- 21,980H. Depenbusch............................ 289,905 1.9% Steven J. Buckley(5)............................ 1,000 * Nicholas B. Callinan(7).................... 7,648 * 1,750Callinan(6)......................... 5,898 * Thomas A. McDonnell(7).......................... -- * Andrzej Olechowski(8)........................... 1,400 * Eriberto R. Scocimara(9)........................ -- * All directors and executive officers as a group (8 persons)........................................ 4,151,082 27.5% Five Percent Holders DST Systems, Inc........................... 1,414,077 13.29% --Inc.(7)............................ 1,178,797 8.59% Euroventures............................... 935,409 8.79% 233,852 512,908 5.11% Mark R. Callegari.......................... 267,260 2.51% 66,800 153,404 1.12% Larry Maddox............................... 133,630 1.26% 33,400 76,702 * Lawrence Schwartz.......................... 66,710 * 16,700 38,277 * HAEF....................................... 1,402,975 13.18% 350,7527.8% 333 West 11th Street Kansas City, Missouri 64105-1594 Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund(9)........... 798,702 5.82%5.3% 1 East Putman Avenue, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830 Poland Partners L.P........................ 2,294,446 21.56% 525,000 1,769,446 12.89%Investment Fund L.P.(6)(10).............. 737,268 4.9% Corporation Trust Center 1209 Orange St. Wilmington, Delaware 19801 Advent Partners L.P........................ 38,241L.P.(6)(10)..................... 29,491 * 8,750 29,491 *101 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Advent Private Equity Fund -- CELP......... 917,777 8.62% 210,000Fund-Central Europe L.P. 707,777 5.16% Poland Investment Fund L.P................. 956,018 8.98% 218,750 737,268 5.37%4.7% (6)(10)......................................... 101 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Hungarian Private Equity Fund.............. 382,410 3.59% 87,500Fund L.P.(6)(10)....... 294,910 2.15% All Directors and Executive Officers as a group (4 persons)........................ 4,628,890 43.50 460,454 4,091,095 29.80%1.9% 101 Federal Street Boston, Massachusetts 02110 Poland Partners L.P.(5)......................... 1,769,446 11.7% c/o Corporation Trust Company 1209 Orange Street Wilmington, Delaware 19801
- ----------------------- * The percentage of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned does not exceed one percent of the outstanding Shares. (1) Assumes no exercise of the Underwriters' over-allotment option. Also reflects transfers of existing shares of Common Stock among certain shareholders at the time of the Offering. (2) Based on 10,641,532 Shares outstanding prior to the Offering and 13,729,560 Shares outstanding after the Offering. Calculations of percentage of beneficial ownership assumeassumes the exercise by only the respective named stockholder of all options for the purchase of Sharesshares of Common Stock held by such stockholder which are exercisable within 60 days of January 1, 1997 (3)February 15, 1998. (2) Includes an aggregate of 1,985,340926,323 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to options (including Milestone Options) exercisable within 60 days of January 1, 1997. Shares beneficially owned by Mr. Brown prior to Offering include 835,380 Shares that Mr. Brown has the right to acquire from existing shareholders of the Company pursuant to an option agreement. Shares beneficially owned by Mr. Brown after the Offering include 759,872 Shares acquired by Mr. Brown pursuant to such option agreement. (4)February 15, 1998. (3) Includes an aggregate of 775,600689,619 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to options (including Milestone Options) exercisable within 60 days of January 1, 1997. (5)February 15, 1998. (4) Includes an aggregate of 283,85014,000 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of February 15, 1998. (5) Steven Buckley is also the President of Poland Partners L.P. 61 (6) Mr. Callinan's shares are held indirectly through his interest in Advent Partners L.P. Mr. Callinan is also Senior Vice President and Managing Director for Emerging Markets of Advent International Corporation. (7) Thomas A. McDonnell is also the President of DST Systems, Inc. (8) Includes an aggregate of 1,400 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to options (including Milestone Options) exercisable within 60 days of January 1, 1997. (6) Includes anFebruary 15, 1998. (9) Eriberto R. Scocimara is also the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Hungarian-American Enterprise Fund. (10) These entities are affiliated through Advent International Corporation of which Mr. Callinan is Senior Vice President and Managing Director for Central and Eastern Europe. Such entities own in the aggregate 1,769,446 shares, which constitute approximately 11.7% of 21,980 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to options exercisable within 60 days of January 1, 1997. (7) Mr. Callinan's shares are held indirectly through his interest in Advent Partners L.P. 42the outstanding shares. 62 44 DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK GENERAL The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 30 million shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01$0.02 per share and 10 million shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.01$0.02 per share. The following summary description of the capital stock of the Company does not purport to be complete and is subject to the detailed provisions of, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws,Bylaws, copies of which have been filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part, and to the applicable provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the "DGCL"). COMMON STOCK The holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Subject to the rights of any holders of Preferred Stock, holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available. See "Dividend Policy". and "Description of Senior Discount Notes" regarding the limitation on the Company's right to declare and pay a dividend on its Preferred and Common Stock. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, holders of the Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in the distribution of all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to the rights of any holders of Preferred Stock. The holders of Common Stock have no preemptive rights to subscribe for additional shares of the Company and no right to convert their Common Stock into any other securities. In addition, there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the Common Stock. All the outstanding shares of Common Stock are and the Common Stock offered hereby will be, fully paid and nonassessable.non-assessable. PREFERRED STOCK The Board of Directors is authorized, without further action by the stockholders, to issue any or all shares of authorized Preferred Stock as a class without series or in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series. The issuance of Preferred Stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders of Common Stock and could have the effect of delaying, deferring or impeding a change in control of the Company. As of the date of this Prospectus, the Company has not authorized the issuance of any Preferred Stock and there are no plans, agreements or understandings for the issuance of any shares of Preferred Stock. CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE COMPANY'S CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWSBYLAWS Certain provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and By-LawsBylaws of the Company summarized below may be deemed to have an anti-takeover effect and may delay, defer or make more difficult a takeover attempt that a stockholder might consider in its best interest. A change of control provision in the Indenture under which the Notes are to be issued also will delay or make more difficult a takeover attempt. See "Risk Factors -- Anti-takeover Provisions.Factors--Anti- takeover Provisions" and "Description of Senior Discount Notes." Set forth below is a description of certain provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws.Bylaws. The Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Board of Directors of the Company be divided into three classes of directors serving staggered three-yearthree- year terms. The classes of directors will be as nearly equal in number as possible. Accordingly, approximately one-third of the company's Board of Directors will be elected each year. See "Management -- Directors,"Management--Directors, Executive Officers and Other Key Employees." The Certificate of Incorporation provides that the number of directors will be determined by the Board of Directors. The Company's Certificate of Incorporation provides that no director of the Company shall be liable to the Company or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Company or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions 63 not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of laws, (iii) in respect of certain unlawful dividend payments or stock redemptions or repurchases pursuant to Section 174 of the DGCL or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. The effect of these provisions is to eliminate the rights of the Company and its stockholders (through stockholders' derivative suits on behalf of the Company) to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of fiduciary duty as a director (including 43 45 breaches resulting from grossly negligent behavior), except in the situations described above. These provisions willmay not limit the liability of directors under federal securities laws. SECTION 203 OF DELAWARE GENERAL CORPORATION LAW Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits certain transactions between a Delaware corporation and an "interested stockholder," which is defined as a person who, together with any affiliates or associates of such person, beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 15% or more of the outstanding voting shares of a Delaware corporation. This provision prohibits certain business combinations (defined broadly to include mergers, consolidations, sales or other dispositions of assets having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the consolidated assets of the corporation, and certain transactions that would increase the interested stockholder's proportionate share ownership in the corporation) between an interested stockholder and a corporation for a period of three years after the date the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless (i) the business combination is approved by the corporation's board of directors prior to the date the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, (ii) the interested stockholder acquired at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation (other than stock held by directors who are also officers or by certain employee stock plans) in the transaction in which it becomes an interested stockholder or (iii) the business combination is approved by a majority of the board of directors and by the affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the interested stockholder. REGISTRATION RIGHTS Pursuant to an agreement (the "Registration Rights Agreement") dated March 13, 1996, among Euronet Holding N.V. (the predecessor to the Company) and the following shareholders: Advent Private Equity Fund CELP, Poland Investment Fund, the Hungarian Private Equity Fund L.P., Poland Partners L.P., Michael J. Brown, Larry Maddox, Mark Callegari, Lawrence Schwartz, DST Systems, Inc., Euroventures and HAEF (each a "Holder" and collectively the "Holders"), the Holders and all other shareholders were granted certain rights with respect to the registration of their shares of Common Stock under the Securities Act. Under the terms of such agreement, which apply by succession to the Company, Holders of no less than 12% of the shares of Common Stock of the Company can demand that the Company effect up to four registrations of the Common Stock under the Securities Act with respect to all or any portion of their shares provided that each demand relates to a registration of at least $4 million worth of Common Stock. The Company can delay such a demand for a period not in excess of 120 days, and not more than once in any 12 month period, if at the time of such demand the Company is in the process of preparing a registration statement for a public offering (other than a registration statement solely to implement an employee benefit plan or a transaction to which Rule 145 of the Securities Act is applicable) which is filed and becomes effective within 90 days after such demand. In addition, if the Company at any time initiates a registration under the Securities Act (other than a registration effected solely to implement an employee benefit plan or a transaction to which Rule 145 of the Securities Act is applicable), all shareholders are entitled to notice of such registrations and to include their shares of Common Stock in such registration subject to certain limitations. After the Company has qualified for use of Form S-3, all shareholders will have the right to request an unlimited number of registrations on Form S-3 (but the Holders as a group may not make more than two such requests in any given 12 month period and not more than four in the aggregate), provided that the aggregate offering price of such shareholder's shares of Common Stock exceeds $500,000 and the Company has initiated a proposed registration. The Company can delay such a request for a period not in excess of 120 days if at the 64 time of such request the Company is in the process of preparing a registration statement for a public offering (other than a registration statement solely to implement an employee benefit plan or a transaction to which Rule 145 of the Securities Act is applicable) which is filed and becomes effective within 90 days after such request. In all cases the registration rights are subject to certain conditions and limitations, including the right of the underwriters of an offering to limit the number of shareholdersshareholders' shares to be included in such registration. The Company is required to bear the expenses of all such registrations, except for underwriters' fees, discounts and 44 46 commissions. Registration rights are assignable to any assignee of at least 50% of shares conveyed who agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Registration Rights Agreement within ten days of such assignment. TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock is -- . 45 47 CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS OF SHARES The following is a general discussion of certain United States federal tax considerations applicable to the ownership and disposition of Shares by "Non-U.S. Holders." In general, a "Non-U.S. Holder" is a beneficial owner of Shares other than: (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation or partnership created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or of any state or (iii) an estate or trust, the income of which is includable in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its source. The term "Non-U.S. Holder" does not include individuals who were United States citizens within the ten-year period immediately preceding the date of this Prospectus and whose loss of United States citizenship had as one of its principal purposes the avoidance of United States taxes. This discussion is based on current law, which is subject to change and is for general information only. This discussion does not address aspects of United States federal taxation other than income and estate taxation and does not address all aspects of income and estate taxation, nor does it consider any specific facts or circumstances that may apply to a particular Non-U.S. Holder. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISERS REGARDING THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL AND NON-UNITED STATES INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF HOLDING AND DISPOSING OF SHARES. DIVIDENDS The Company does not anticipate paying cash dividends on the Shares in the foreseeable future. The Company may in the future consider paying cash dividends on the Shares. However, the Board of Directors of the Company has made no decision with respect to the payment of any such dividends, including the timing and amount of any such dividend. See "Dividend Policy." If dividends are paid on the Shares, these payments will be treated as a dividend for United States federal income tax purposes to the extent of the Company's current or accumulated earnings and profits for such tax purposes. The portion of a payment that exceeds such earnings and profits will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of each Non-U.S. Holder's tax basis in the Shares. The portion of a payment that exceeds such earnings and profits and tax basis will be treated as a gain from the sale or other disposition of the Shares to the extent of such excess, with the tax consequences described below under "-- Sale of Common Stock." In general, any dividends (i.e., distributions to the extent of current or accumulated earnings and profits for United States federal income tax purposes) paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of Shares will be subject to United States withholding tax at a 30% rate (or a lower rate prescribed by an applicable tax treaty) unless the dividends are either (i) effectively connected with a trade or business carried on by the Non-U.S. Holder within the United States or (ii) if certain income tax treaties apply, attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder. For purposes of determining whether tax is to be withheld at a 30% rate or at a lower rate as prescribed by an applicable tax treaty, the Company ordinarily will presume that dividends paid to an address in a foreign country are paid to a resident of such country absent knowledge that such presumption is not warranted. However, under United States Treasury regulations proposed in 1984 that have not been finally adopted, to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty, a Non-U.S. Holder of Shares would be required to file certain information forms with the payor of the dividends. Dividends effectively connected with such a United States trade or business or attributable to such a United States permanent establishment generally will not be subject to withholding tax (if the Non-U.S. Holder files certain forms, including IRS Form 4224, with the payor of the dividend) and generally will be subject to United States federal tax on a net income basis, in the same manner as if the Non-U.S. Holder were resident of the United States. In the case of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation, dividend income so connected or attributable may also be subject to the branch profits tax (which is generally imposed on a foreign corporation on the repatriation from the United States of its effectively connected earnings and profits subject to certain adjustments) at a 30% rate (or lower rate prescribed by an applicable income tax treaty). A Non-U.S. Holder that is eligible for a reduced rate of United States withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty may obtain a refund of any excess amounts currently withheld by filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS. 46 48 SALE OF COMMON STOCK In general, a Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to United States federal income tax on any gain recognized upon the disposition of Shares unless: (i) the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business carried on by the Non-U.S. Holder within the United States or, alternatively, if certain tax treaties apply, attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder (and in either such case, the branch profits tax may also apply if the Non-U.S. Holder is a corporation), (ii) in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder who is a nonresident alien individual and holds Shares as a capital asset, such individual is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of disposition, and either (a) such individual has a "tax home" (as defined for United States federal income tax purposes) in the United States or (b) the gain is attributable to an office or other fixed place of business maintained by such individual in the United States, (iii) the Non-U.S. Holder is subject to tax pursuant to the provisions of the United States tax law applicable to certain United States expatriates or (iv) the Company is or has been a United States real property holding corporation (a "USRPHC") for United States federal income tax purposes (which the Company does not believe that it is or is likely to become) at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding such disposition or such Non-U.S. Holder's holding period. If the Company were or were to become a USRPHC, gains realized upon a disposition of Shares by a Non-U.S. Holder that did not directly or indirectly own more than 5% of the Shares during the shorter of the periods described above generally would not be subject to United States federal income tax so long as the Shares were "regularly traded" on an established securities market. ESTATE TAX Shares owned or treated as owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident (as defined for United States federal estate tax purposes) of the United States at the time of death will be includable in the individual's gross estate for United States federal estate tax purposes unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise, and therefore may be subject to United States federal estate tax. BACKUP WITHHOLDING, INFORMATION REPORTING AND OTHER REPORTING REQUIREMENTS The Company must report annually to the IRS and to each Non-U.S. Holder the amount of dividends paid to, and the tax withheld with respect to, each Non-U.S. Holder. These reporting requirements apply regardless of whether withholding was reduced or eliminated by an applicable tax treaty. Copies of this information also may be made available under the provisions of a specific treaty or agreement with the tax authorities in the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides or is established. United States backup withholding (which generally is imposed at the rate of 31% on certain payments to persons that fail to furnish the information required under the United States information reporting requirements) and information reporting generally will not apply to dividends paid on Shares to a Non-U.S. Holder at an address outside the United States. The payment of proceeds from the disposition of Shares to or through a United States office of a broker will be subject to information reporting and United States backup withholding unless the owner, under penalties of perjury, certifies among other things, its status as a Non-U.S. Holder, or otherwise establishes an exemption. The payment of proceeds from the disposition of Shares or through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker generally will not be subject to backup withholding and information reporting, except as noted below. In the case of proceeds from the disposition of Shares paid to or through a non-United States office of a broker that is: (i) a United States person, (ii) a "controlled foreign corporation" for United States federal income tax purposes or (iii) a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income for a specified three-year period is effectively connected with a United States trade or business, (a) backup withholding will not apply unless such broker has actual knowledge that the owner is not a Non-U.S. Holder and (b) information reporting will apply unless the broker has documentary evidence in its files that the owner is a Non-U.S. Holder (and the broker has no actual knowledge to the contrary). Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a Non-U.S. Holder will be refunded or credited against the Non-U.S. Holder's United States federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. 47 49 SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE Upon completionAn aggregate of approximately 8,960,000 shares held by directors, officers, promoters and initial investors may be sold by such persons pursuant to Rule 144 and are subject to the Offering, assuming an offering price of $13 per Share (the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this Prospectus) 13,729,560 Shares will be in issue (assuming no exercise of the Underwriters' over-allotment option). The Shares offered hereby will be freely tradeable (other than by an "affiliate" ofregistration rights agreement requiring the Company as defined under the Securities Act) in the public market without restriction under the Securities Act. The remaining 8,429,560 outstanding Shares were issued by the Company in reliance on exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and are "restricted securities" within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Ofto register such Shares, after giving effect to the Offering (assuming the Underwriters' over-allotment option is not exercised), 434,217 Shares will be eligibleshares for resale under Rule 144 immediately following the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period described under "Underwriting", 6,863,709 Shares, 466,669 Shares and 664,965 Shares will not be eligible for resale under Rule 144 until March 27, 1998 and October 14, 1998 and February [20], 1999, respectively. Such Shares may be resold only in compliance with the registration requirements of the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption therefrom.resale. In addition, Michael Brown and the other existing shareholders of the Company were granted rights entitling them, under specified circumstances, to cause the Company to register for sale all or part of their shares of Common Stock and to include such shares in any registered public offerings of shares of Common Stock by the Company. See "Description of Capital Stock -- Registration Rights" and "Underwriting"."--Registration Rights." In addition, of the 2,857,9112,798,206 options to purchase Shares outstanding, 2,018,4942,480,047 are currently exercisable. Any Shares issued on the exercise of these options would be available for sale subject to Rule 701 or another exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act (including Regulation S under the Securities Act) following the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period described above.. Furthermore, the Company intends to registerhas registered under the Securities Act as soon as practicable followingapproximately 2,000,000 Shares of Common Stock that may be issued to the Offering, approximately 3,094,511 Shares reserved for issuance to itsCompany's employees and directors under its employee benefits plans. See "Management." The availability of all such shares for sale in the market may have an effect on the Company's ability to sell shares of Common Stock in the future. TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR The transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock is State Street Bank and Trust Company. 65 DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES The Notes offered hereby will be issued under an indenture to be dated as of March , 1998 (the "Indenture") between the Issuer, and . , as trustee (the "Trustee") which will be subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended (the "Trust Indenture Act"). The following summary of certain provisions of the Notes, the Indenture and the Deposit Agreement does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the provisions of the Notes, the Indenture and the Deposit Agreement, including the definitions of certain terms contained therein and those terms made part of the Indenture through the incorporation by reference of the Trust Indenture Act. Copies of the Indenture are available upon request from the Issuer or the Trustee. For definitions of certain capitalized terms used in this summary, see "--Certain Definitions" below. GENERAL The Notes will mature on , 2006, will be limited to DM million aggregate principal amount at maturity and will be senior, unsecured obligations of the Issuer. The issue price of the Notes (for purposes of calculating Accreted Value) will be DM . per DM1,000 principal amount at maturity of the Notes. Principal of, premium, if any, and interest on definitive registered Notes, if any, will be payable, and the Notes will be exchangeable and transferable, at the office or agency of the Issuer maintained for such purposes in The City of New York (which initially will be the corporate trust office of the Trustee located at ), at [Luxembourg Paying Agent] and at such other offices as may be designated from time to time. In general,addition, will act as the Deutsche Mark Paying Agent (the "DM Paying Agent") for purposes of making payments in Deutsche Marks on the Notes, and maintains an office therefor at West end & Carre, Grueneburgweg 16, D-60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Application has been made to list the Notes on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. INTEREST The Notes are being offered at a substantial discount from their principal amount at maturity. Although for U.S. federal income tax purposes a significant amount of original issue discount, taxable as ordinary income, will be recognized by a holder as such discount accrues from the Issue Date, no cash interest will be payable on the Notes prior to , 2002. Each Note will bear cash interest at the rate set forth on the cover page hereof from , 2002 or from the most recent interest payment date (each, an "Interest Payment Date") to which interest has been paid or duly provided for, payable on and in each year until the principal thereof is paid or duly provided for to the Person in whose name the Note (or any predecessor Note) is registered at the close of business on the or next preceding such Interest Payment Date. Based on the foregoing, the yield to maturity of each Note will be % (computed on a semiannual bond equivalent basis). Interest will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months. If the Issuer defaults on any payment of principal, whether at maturity, redemption or otherwise, interest will continue to accrue and, to the extent permitted by law, cash interest will accrue on overdue installments of interest at the rate of interest borne by the Notes. FORM OF NOTES The Notes will be represented by two permanent global notes (the "Global Notes"), without coupons, in denominations of DM1,000 and integral multiples thereof. Notes sold outside the United States will be represented by a single, permanent global note in bearer form, deposited with DBC (the "DBC Global Note"), which will represent the Notes held by account holders in DBC, including such Notes held through the operator of Euroclear and Cedel, each of which has an account with DBC. Notes sold to U.S. investors will be represented by a single, permanent global note in registered form deposited with a custodian for, and registered in the name of, DTC or its nominee (the "DTC Global Note"). Except as set forth in "-- Description of Book-Entry System; 66 Payment; Transfers", owners of beneficial interests in the Global Notes will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of Notes in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or Holders thereof under Rule 144the Indentures. No service charge will be made for any registration of transfer or exchange of Notes, but the Issuer may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or other similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith. PAYMENT CURRENCY The Issuer will make payment of any amounts owing in respect of the Global Notes to DBC or Cede & Co., the nominee of DTC, as currentlyholder of the DBC Global Note and the DTC Global Note, respectively, through Paying Agents (as defined below) appointed under the Indenture and will pay amounts to the Paying Agents in Deutsche Marks. . will act as paying agent in respect of the Notes represented by the DTC Global Note (the "U.S. Paying Agent") and as a foreign exchange dealer for purposes of converting Deutsche Marks to U.S. dollars. The amounts owing in respect of the Global Notes that will be converted into U.S. dollars will depend upon the election of the holders of interests in the DTC Global Note as to whether to receive payment of principal and interest in Deutsche Marks. The Issuer has been informed that Euroclear and Cedel will elect to receive payments of principal and interest in Deutsche Marks on behalf of holders of interests in the DBC Global Note that are held through Euroclear and Cedel. All holders of interests in the DTC Global Note will receive U.S. dollars in respect of payments of principal and interest unless they elect to receive such payments in Deutsche Marks by following the procedure set forth in the Indenture. See "--Description of Book-Entry System; Payment; Transfers--Payment on The Global Notes." SUBSTITUTION OF CURRENCY Although there can be no assurance that a single European currency will be adopted or, if adopted, on what time schedule, the Treaty on the European Union provides for the introduction of the Euro in substitution for the national currencies of the member states which adopt the Euro. If the Federal Republic of Germany adopts the Euro, the regulations of the European Commission relating to the Euro shall apply to the Notes and the Indenture. The circumstances and consequences described in this paragraph entitle neither the Issuer nor any holders of Notes to early redemption, rescission, notice, repudiation, adjustment or renegotiation of the terms and conditions of the Notes or the Indenture or to raise other defenses or to request any compensation claim, nor will they affect any of the other obligations of the Issuer under the Notes and the Indenture. RANKING The Indebtedness evidenced by the Notes will rank pari passu in right of payment with all other existing and future senior unsecured obligations of the Issuer (except for any obligations preferred by law) and senior in right of payment to all future obligations of the Issuer expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes. As of December 31, 1997, after giving pro forma effect to the Offering and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, the Indebtedness of the Issuer would have been approximately $103.1 million, of which $3.1 million would have been secured Indebtedness. Subject to certain limitations, the Issuer may incur additional Indebtedness in the future, including secured Indebtedness. The Issuer is a holding Issuer with no direct operations and no significant assets other than the stock of its subsidiaries. The Issuer will be dependent on the cash flow of its subsidiaries to meet its obligations, including the payment of interest and principal on the Notes. Its subsidiaries are separate legal entities that have no obligations to pay any amounts due pursuant to the Notes or to make any funds available therefor, whether by dividends, loans or other payments. Because its subsidiaries will not guarantee the payment of the principal or interest on the Notes, any right of the Issuer to receive assets of its subsidiaries upon its liquidation or reorganization (and the consequent right holders of the Notes to participate in the distribution or realize proceeds from those assets) will be effectively subordinated to the claims of the creditors of its subsidiaries (including trade creditors and holders of indebtedness of such subsidiary), except if and to the extent the Issuer is itself a minimumcreditor of twoits subsidiaries, in which case the claims of the Issuer may still be effectively subordinated to any 67 security interest in the assets of its subsidiaries held by other creditors. Accordingly, after giving effect to the sale of the Notes and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, as of December 31, 1997, holders of the Notes would have been effectively subordinated to $3.0 million of indebtedness of subsidiaries of the Issuer. For a discussion of certain adverse consequences of the Issuer being a holding Issuer and of the terms of certain existing and potential future indebtedness of the Issuer and its subsidiaries, see "Risk Factors--Holding Issuer Structure; Reliance on Subsidiaries for Distributions to Repay Notes." SINKING FUND The Notes will not be entitled to the benefit of any sinking fund. REDEMPTION The Notes will be redeemable, at the option of the Issuer, in whole at any time or from time to time in part, on or after , 2002 on not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' prior notice at the redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount at maturity) set forth below, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the redemption date, if redeemed during the 12-month period beginning on of the years has elapsed sinceindicated below (subject to the laterright of holders of record on relevant record dates to receive interest due on a relevant Interest Payment Date):
REDEMPTION YEAR PRICE ---- ---------- 2002........................................................... % 2003........................................................... 2004 and thereafter............................................ 100.00
At any time or from time to time prior to , 2001 the Issuer may redeem within 60 days of one or more Equity Offerings up to 33 1/3% of the aggregate principal amount at maturity of the originally issued Notes with all or a portion of the net proceeds of such offering, at a redemption price equal to % of the Accreted Value thereof as of the redemption date, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption (subject to the right of holders of record on relevant record dates to receive interest due on relevant Interest Payment Dates); provided that immediately after giving effect to any such redemption, at least 66 2/3% aggregate principal amount at maturity of the originally issued Notes remains outstanding. In addition, (i) upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, each holder of Notes shall have the right to require that the Issuer purchase such holder's Notes, in whole or in part and in integral multiples of DM1,000 principal amount at maturity, at a purchase price of 101% of the Accreted Value thereof of the Notes, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of redemption, and (ii) upon the occurrence of an Asset Sale, the Issuer may be obligated to make an offer to purchase all or a portion of the outstanding Notes at a price of 100% of the Accreted Value thereof, together with accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase (in each case, subject to the right of holders of record on relevant record dates to receive interest due on relevant Interest Payment Dates). See "--Certain Covenants--Purchase of Notes upon a Change of Control" and "--Limitation on Sale of Assets," respectively. If less than all the Notes are to be redeemed, the particular Notes to be redeemed will be selected not more than 60 days prior to the redemption date by the Trustee in compliance with any applicable rules of the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or the principal U.S. securities exchange, if any, on which the Notes are listed or, if the Notes are not listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange or a U.S. securities exchange or if there are no applicable rules, on a pro rata basis, by lot or by such other method as such Trustee will deem fair and appropriate; provided, however, that no Note of DM1,000 in principal amount at maturity or less will be redeemed in part. Notice of redemption will be mailed, first-class postage prepaid, at least 30 but not more than 60 days before the redemption date to each holder of Notes to be redeemed at its registered address. If any Note is to be redeemed in part only, the notice of redemption that relates to such Note will state the portion of the 68 principal amount thereof to be redeemed. A new Note in a principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued in the name of the holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Note. On and after the redemption date, cash interest, or original issue discount, as the case may be, will cease to accrue on Notes or portions thereof called for redemption and accepted for payment. CERTAIN COVENANTS The Indenture will contain, among others, the following covenants: Limitation on Additional Indebtedness. The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to Incur any Indebtedness (including any Acquired Indebtedness), except for Permitted Indebtedness; provided that the Issuer will be permitted to Incur Indebtedness if after giving pro forma effect to such Incurrence (including the application of the net proceeds therefrom), the ratio of (x) Total Consolidated Indebtedness outstanding as of the date of acquisitionsuch Incurrence to (y) Annualized Pro Forma Consolidated Operating Cash Flow for the latest fiscal quarter for which consolidated financial statements of the securitiesIssuer are available preceding the date of such Incurrence would be greater than zero and less than or equal to (i) 6.0 to 1 if the Indebtedness is Incurred prior to December 31, 1999 or (ii) 5.0 to 1 if the Indebtedness is Incurred on or after December 31, 1999. In making the foregoing calculation, pro forma effect will be given to: (i) the Incurrence of such Indebtedness and (if applicable) the application of the net proceeds therefrom, including to refinance other Indebtedness, as if such Indebtedness was Incurred, and the application of such proceeds occurred, on the first day of the latest fiscal quarter for which consolidated financial statements of the Issuer are available immediately preceding the date of the Incurrence of such Indebtedness, (ii) the Incurrence, repayment or retirement of any other Indebtedness by the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries since the first day of such fiscal quarter as if such Indebtedness were Incurred, repaid or retired on the first day of such fiscal quarter (except that, in making such calculation, the amount of Indebtedness under any revolving credit facility shall be computed based upon the average daily balance of such Indebtedness during such fiscal quarter) and (iii) the acquisition (whether by purchase, merger or otherwise) or disposition (whether by sale, merger or otherwise) of any Issuer, entity or business acquired or disposed of by the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries, as the case may be, since the first day of such fiscal quarter, as if such acquisition or disposition occurred on the first day of such fiscal quarter. For purposes of determining compliance with this covenant, in the event that an item of Indebtedness or any portion thereof meets the criteria of more than one of the types of Indebtedness the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary is permitted to Incur, the Issuer will have the right, in its sole discretion, to classify such item of Indebtedness or portion thereof at the time of the Incurrence and will only be required to include the amount and type of such Indebtedness or portion thereof under the clause permitting the Indebtedness so classified. Limitation on Restricted Payments. (a) The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, take any of the following actions: (i) declare or pay any dividend on, or make any distribution to holders of, any shares of the Capital Stock of the Issuer (other than dividends or distributions payable solely in shares of its Qualified Capital Stock or in options, warrants or other rights to acquire such shares of Qualified Capital Stock); (ii) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire for value, directly or indirectly, any shares of Capital Stock of the Issuer or any Capital Stock of any Affiliate of the Issuer (other than Capital Stock of any Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary) or any options, warrants or other rights to acquire such shares of Capital Stock; (iii) make any principal payment on, or repurchase, redeem, defease or otherwise acquire or retire for value, prior to any scheduled principal payment, sinking fund payment or maturity, any Subordinated Indebtedness (other than any Subordinated Indebtedness owed to and held by a Restricted Subsidiary); (iv) make any Investment (other than any Permitted Investment and subject to the provisions of the "Limitation on Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries" covenant); 69 (v) create or assume any guarantee of Indebtedness of any Affiliate of the Issuer (other than (i) guarantees of any Indebtedness of any Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary or (ii) the guarantees of the Notes by any Restricted Subsidiary); or (vi) declare or pay any dividend or distribution on any Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary to any Person (other than the Issuer or any of its Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries or to all holders of Capital Stock of such Restricted Subsidiary on a pro rata basis); (such payments or other actions described in (but not excluded from) clauses (i) through (vi) are collectively referred to as "Restricted Payments"), unless: (1) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing at the time of or after giving effect to such Restricted Payment; (2) immediately after giving effect to such Restricted Payment, the Issuer could incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness) pursuant to the "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness" covenant; and (3) immediately after giving effect to such Restricted Payment, the aggregate amount of all Restricted Payments declared or made on or after the date of the Indenture would not exceed an amount equal to the sum of: (A) 50% of cumulative Consolidated Adjusted Net Income (or, if the Consolidated Adjusted Net Income is a deficit, minus 100% of the amount of such deficit) of the Issuer during the period (taken as a single accounting period) beginning on the first day of the fiscal quarter of the Issuer beginning after the date of the Indenture and ending on the last day of the last full fiscal quarter immediately preceding the date of such Restricted Payment for which quarterly or annual consolidated financial statements of the Issuer are available; plus (B) the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds received by the Issuer on or after the date of the Indenture as capital contributions or from the issuerissuance or from an affiliatesale (other than to any Subsidiary) of shares of Qualified Capital Stock of the issuer,Issuer (including upon the exercise of options, warrants or rights) or warrants, options or rights to purchase shares of Qualified Capital Stock of the Issuer; plus (C) the aggregate Net Cash Proceeds received after the date of the Indenture by the Issuer from the issuance or sale (other than to any Subsidiary) of debt securities or Redeemable Capital Stock that have been converted into or exchanged for Qualified Capital Stock of the Issuer, together with the aggregate net cash proceeds received by the Issuer at the time of such conversion or exchange; plus (D) to the extent not otherwise included in the Consolidated Adjusted Net Income of the Issuer, an amount equal to the sum of (i) the net reduction in Investments in any Person (other than Permitted Investments) resulting from the payment in cash of dividends, repayments of loans or advances or other transfers of assets, in each case to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary after the date of the Indenture from such Person and (ii) the portion (proportionate to the Issuers equity interest in such Subsidiary) of the fair market value of the net assets of any Unrestricted Subsidiary at the time such Unrestricted Subsidiary is designated a person (or persons whose Shares are aggregated)Restricted Subsidiary; provided, however, that in the case of (i) or (ii) above the foregoing sum shall not exceed the amount of Investments previously made (and treated as a Restricted Payment) by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in such Person or Unrestricted Subsidiary. (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) above, the Issuer and any Restricted Subsidiary may take the following actions so long as (with respect to clauses (ii), including persons who may(iii), (iv), (v) and (vi) below) no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing: (i) the payment of any dividend within 60 days after the date of declaration thereof, if at such date of declaration such dividend would have complied with the provisions of paragraph (a) above and such payment will be deemed "affiliates"to have been paid on such date of declaration for purposes of the Company, as that term is definedcalculation required by paragraph (a) above; (ii) the purchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for value of any shares of Capital Stock of the Issuer, in exchange for, or out of the net cash proceeds of a substantially concurrent issuance and sale (other than to a Subsidiary) of, shares of Qualified Capital Stock of the Issuer; 70 (iii) the purchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value of any Subordinated Indebtedness in exchange for or out of the net cash proceeds of a substantially concurrent issuance and sale (other than to a Subsidiary) of shares of Qualified Capital Stock of the Issuer; (iv) the purchase of any Subordinated Indebtedness at a purchase price not greater than 101% of the principal amount thereof, together with accrued interest, if any, thereof in the Securities Act ("Affiliates"), would be entitledevent of a Change of Control in accordance with provisions similar to sell withinthe "Purchase of Notes upon a Change of Control" covenant; provided that prior to such purchase the Issuer has made the Change of Control Offer as provided in such covenant with respect to the Notes and has purchased all Notes validly tendered for payment in connection with such Change of Control Offer; (v) Investments constituting Restricted Payments made as the result of the receipt of non-cash consideration from any three-month periodAsset Sale made in compliance with the "Limitation on Sale of Assets" covenant; and (vi) the purchase, redemption, defeasance or other acquisition or retirement for value of Subordinated Indebtedness in exchange for, or out of the net cash proceeds of a numbersubstantially concurrent incurrence (other than to a Subsidiary) of, Shares thatnew Subordinated Indebtedness so long as (A) the principal amount of such new Subordinated Indebtedness does not exceed the greaterprincipal amount (or, if such Subordinated Indebtedness being refinanced provides for an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon a declaration of (i) 1%acceleration thereof, such lesser amount as of the then outstanding Shares (137,296 Shares immediately after consummationdate of determination) of the Offering,Subordinated Indebtedness being so purchased, redeemed, defeased, acquired or 145,246 Shares ifretired, plus the over-allotment optionlesser of the amount of any premium required to be paid in connection with such refinancing pursuant to the terms of such Subordinated Indebtedness being refinanced or the amount of any premium reasonably determined by the Issuer as necessary to accomplish such refinancing, plus, in either case, the amount of expenses of the Issuer incurred in connection with such refinancing, (B) such new Subordinated Indebtedness is exercisedsubordinated to the Notes to the same extent as such Subordinated Indebtedness so purchased, redeemed, defeased, acquired or retired and (C) such new Subordinated Indebtedness has an Average Life longer than the Average Life of the Notes and a final Stated Maturity of principal later than the final Stated Maturity of principal of the Notes. The actions described in full)clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) of this paragraph (b) shall be Restricted Payments that shall be permitted to be taken in accordance with this paragraph (b) but shall reduce the amount that would otherwise be available for Restricted Payments under clause (3) of paragraph (a) and the actions described in clauses (v) and (vi) of this paragraph (b) shall be Restricted Payments that shall be permitted to be taken in accordance with this paragraph (b) and shall not reduce the amount that would otherwise be available for Restricted Payments under clause (3) of paragraph (a) above. Limitation on Issuances and Sales of Capital Stock of Restricted Subsidiaries. The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, issue or sell any Capital Stock of a Restricted Subsidiary (other than to the Issuer or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary) other than Permitted Capital Stock Sales; provided, however, that this covenant shall not prohibit (i) the ownership by directors of directors' qualifying shares or the ownership by foreign nationals of Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary, to the extent mandated by applicable law, (ii) the average weekly trading volume during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which noticeissuance and sale of all, but not less than all, of the sale is filedissued and outstanding Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary owned by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in compliance with the Securities"Limitation on Sale of Assets" covenant. Limitation on Transactions with Affiliates. (a) The Issuer will not, and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"). Sales under Rule 144will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to enter into or suffer to exist, directly or indirectly, any transaction or series of related transactions (including, without limitation, the sale, purchase, exchange or lease of assets, property or services) with, or for the benefit of, any Affiliate of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary unless (i) such transaction or series of related transactions are also subject to certain provisions ason terms that are no less favorable to the mannerIssuer, or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, than those that could have been obtained in an arm's-length transaction with unrelated third parties who are not Affiliates, (ii) with respect to any transaction or series of sale, notice requirementsrelated transactions involving aggregate 71 consideration equal to or greater than $1.0 million (or to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof), the Issuer will deliver an officers' certificate to the Trustee certifying that such transaction or series of related transactions complies with clause (i) above; (iii) with respect to any transaction or series of related transactions involving aggregate consideration equal to or greater than $5.0 million (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof), the Issuer will deliver an officers' certificate to the Trustee certifying that such transaction or series of related transactions complies with clause (i) above and has been approved by a majority of the availabilityDisinterested Directors of current public information about the Company. In addition, under Rule 144(k)Board of Directors of the Issuer, or the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee a written opinion from an internationally recognized investment banking firm to the effect that such transaction or series of related transactions is fair to the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, from a financial point of view and (iv) with respect to any transaction or series of related transactions involving aggregate consideration equal to or greater than $10.0 million (or to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof), ifthe Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee a periodwritten opinion from an internationally recognized investment banking firm to the effect that such transaction or series of at least three years has elapsed sincerelated transactions is fair to the laterIssuer or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, from a financial point of (i)view; provided, however, that this provision will not restrict (1) any transaction or series of related transactions among the date restricted securities were acquired fromIssuer and Restricted Subsidiaries or among Restricted Subsidiaries, (2) Investments in Qualified Capital Stock of the Company and (ii) the date they were acquired fromIssuer by any Person, including an Affiliate of the Company,Issuer, (3) the Issuer from paying reasonable and customary regular compensation and fees to directors of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary who are not executives of any such Persons, (4) the Issuer or any Subsidiary from making any Restricted Payment in compliance with the "Limitation on Restricted Payments" covenant, (5) any transaction by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary with a shareholdersupplier, vendor or lessor of goods or services in the ordinary course of business, (6) any compensation payable under any employment agreement entered into by the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business, or (7) transactions that do not constitute Restricted Payments by virtue of exceptions set forth in the definition of "Permitted Investments" set forth below under the caption "Certain Definitions". Limitation on Liens. The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien (other than Permitted Liens) on or with respect to any of its property or assets, including any shares of stock or indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary, whether owned at the date of the Indenture or thereafter acquired, or any income, profits or proceeds therefrom, or assign or otherwise convey any right to receive income thereon, unless (x) in the case of any Lien securing Subordinated Indebtedness, the Notes are secured by a Lien on such property, assets or proceeds that is senior in priority to such Lien and (y) in the case of any other Lien, the Notes are equally and ratably secured with the obligation or liability secured by such Lien. Limitation on Issuances of Guarantees of Indebtedness by Restricted Subsidiaries. (a) The Issuer will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, to guarantee, assume or in any other manner become liable with respect to any Indebtedness of the Issuer unless (i) (A) such Restricted Subsidiary simultaneously executes and delivers a supplemental indenture providing for the guarantee of payment of the Notes by such Restricted Subsidiary and (B) with respect to any guarantee of Subordinated Indebtedness of the Issuer by a Restricted Subsidiary, any such guarantee shall be subordinated to such Restricted Subsidiary's guarantee with respect to the relevant Notes at least to the same extent as such Subordinated Indebtedness is subordinated to the Notes and (ii) such Restricted Subsidiary waives and will not in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any rights or reimbursement, indemnity or subrogation or any other rights against the Issuer or any other Restricted Subsidiary as a result of any payment by such Restricted Subsidiary under its guarantee until the relevant Notes have been paid in full; provided that this paragraph (a) shall not be applicable to (x) any guarantee of any Restricted Subsidiary that existed at the time such Person became a Restricted Subsidiary or (y) any guarantee of any Restricted Subsidiary of Indebtedness incurred pursuant to a Bank Facility. (b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any guarantee of the Notes created pursuant to the provisions described in the foregoing paragraph (a) shall provide by its terms that it shall be automatically and unconditionally released and discharged upon (i) any sale, exchange or transfer, to any Person who is not an Affiliate of the Company72 Issuer, of all of the Issuer's Capital Stock in, or all or substantially all the assets of, such Restricted Subsidiary (which sale, exchange or transfer is not prohibited by the Indenture) or (ii) the release by the holders of the Indebtedness of the Issuer described in the preceding paragraph of their guarantee by such Restricted Subsidiary (including any deemed release upon payment in full of all obligations under such Indebtedness, except by or as a result of payment under such guarantee), at a time when (A) no other Indebtedness of the Issuer has been guaranteed by such Restricted Subsidiary or (B) the holders of all such other Indebtedness which is guaranteed by such Restricted Subsidiary also release their guarantee by such Restricted Subsidiary (including any deemed release upon payment in full of all obligations under such Indebtedness, except by or as a result of payment under such guarantee). Purchase of Notes upon a Change of Control. If a Change of Control shall occur at any time, then each holder of Notes will have the right to require that the Issuer purchase such holder's Notes, in whole or in part in integral multiples of DM1,000 principal amount at maturity, at a purchase price (the "Change of Control Purchase Price") in cash in an amount equal to 101% of the Accreted Value of the Notes, plus, accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase (the "Change of Control Purchase Date"), pursuant to the offer described below (the "Change of Control Offer") and the other procedures set forth in the Indenture. Within 15 days following any Change of Control, the Issuer shall notify the Trustee and give written notice of such Change of Control to each holder of Notes by first-class mail, postage prepaid, at the address appearing in the security register, stating, among other things, (i) the purchase price and the purchase date, which shall be a Business Day no earlier than 30 days nor later than 60 days from the date such notice is mailed, or such later date as is necessary to comply with requirements under the Exchange Act or any applicable securities laws or regulations; (ii) that any Note not tendered will continue to accrue interest or original issue discount, as the case may be; (iii) that, unless the Issuer defaults in the payment of the purchase price, any Notes accepted for payment pursuant to the Change of Control Offer shall cease to accrue interest or original issue discount, as the case may be, after the Change of Control Purchase Date; and (iv) certain other procedures that a holder of Notes must follow to accept a Change of Control Offer or to withdraw such acceptance. If a Change of Control Offer is made, there can be no assurance that the Issuer will have available funds sufficient to pay the Change of Control Purchase Price for all of the Notes that might be delivered by holders of the Notes seeking to accept the Change of Control Offer. The failure of the Issuer to make or consummate the Change of Control Offer or pay the Change of Control Purchase Price when due would result in an Event of Default and would give the Trustee and the holders of the Notes the rights described under "--Events of Default." One of the events which constitutes a Change of Control under the Indenture is the disposition of "all or substantially all" of the Issuer's assets. This term has not been interpreted under New York law (which is the governing law of the Indenture) to represent a specific quantitative test. As a consequence, in the event holders of the Notes elect to require the Issuer to purchase the Notes and the Issuer elects to contest such election, there can be no assurance as to how a court interpreting New York law would interpret the phrase. The existence of a holder's right to require the Issuer to purchase such holder's Notes upon a Change of Control may deter a third party from acquiring the Issuer in a transaction which constitutes a Change of Control. The definition of "Change of Control" in the Indenture is limited in scope. The provisions of the Indenture may not afford holders of Notes the right to require the Issuer to purchase such Notes in the event of a highly leveraged transaction or certain transactions with the Issuer's management or its affiliates, including a reorganization, restructuring, merger or similar transaction involving the Issuer (including, in certain circumstances, an acquisition of the Issuer by management or its affiliates) that may adversely affect holders of the Notes, if such transaction is not a transaction defined as a Change of Control. See "--Certain Definitions" for the definition of "Change of Control." A transaction involving the Issuer's management or its affiliates, or a transaction involving a recapitalization of the Issuer, would result in a Change of Control if it is the type of transaction specified by such definition. 73 The Issuer will comply with the applicable tender offer rules, including Rule 14e-1 under the Exchange Act, and any other applicable securities laws and regulations in connection with a Change of Control Offer. Limitation on Sale of Assets. (a) The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, engage in any Asset Sale unless (i) the consideration received by the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary for such Asset Sale is not less than the fair market value of the shares or assets sold (as determined by the Board of Directors of the Issuer, whose determination shall be conclusive and evidenced by a Board Resolution) and (ii) the consideration received by the Issuer or the relevant Restricted Subsidiary in respect of such Asset Sale consists of at least 85% cash or Cash Equivalents. (b) If the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary engages in an Asset Sale, the Issuer may use the Net Cash Proceeds thereof, within 12 months after such Asset Sale, to (i) permanently repay or prepay any then outstanding unsubordinated Indebtedness of the Issuer or Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary or (ii) invest (or enter into a legally binding agreement to invest) in ATM Network Assets or in properties or assets to replace the properties and assets that were the subject of the Asset Sale. If any such legally binding agreement to invest such Net Cash Proceeds is terminated, then the Issuer may, within 90 days of such termination or within 12 months of such Asset Sale, whichever is later, apply or invest such Net Cash Proceeds as provided in clause (i) or (ii) (without regard to the parenthetical contained in such clause (ii)) above. The amount of such Net Cash Proceeds not so used as set forth above in this paragraph (b) constitutes "Excess Proceeds." (c) When the aggregate amount of Excess Proceeds exceeds $10.0 million (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof) the Issuer shall, within 15 business days, make an offer to purchase (an "Excess Proceeds Offer") from all holders of Notes, on a pro rata basis, in accordance with the procedures set forth below, the maximum Accreted Value of Notes (expressed as a multiple of DM1,000) that may be purchased with the Excess Proceeds. The offer price as to each Note shall be payable in cash in an amount equal to 100% of the Accreted Value of such Note as of the date of purchase plus, in each case, accrued interest, if any (the "Offered Price") to the date an Excess Proceeds Offer is consummated. To the extent that the aggregate Offered Price of Notes tendered pursuant to an Excess Proceeds Offer is less than the Excess Proceeds, the Issuer may use such deficiency for general corporate purposes. If the aggregate Offered Price of Notes validly tendered and not withdrawn by holders thereof exceeds the Excess Proceeds, Notes to be purchased will be selected on a pro rata basis. Upon completion of such offer to purchase, the amount of Excess Proceeds shall be reset to zero. Limitation on Sale and Leaseback Transactions. The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, enter into any Sale and Leaseback Transaction (other than a transaction that is solely between the Issuer and any Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary or solely between Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries) after the Issue Date with respect to any property or assets (whether now owned or hereafter acquired), unless (i) the sale or transfer of such property or assets to be leased is treated as an Asset Sale and the Issuer complies with the "Limitation on Sale of Assets" covenant, (ii) the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary would be permitted to incur Indebtedness under the "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness" covenant (including Permitted Indebtedness) in the amount of the Attributable Value of such Sale and Leaseback Transaction and (iii) the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary would be permitted to grant a Lien under the "Limitation on Liens" covenant (including Permitted Liens) to secure the amount of the Attributable Value of such Sale and Leaseback Transaction. Limitation on Dividends and Other Payment Restrictions Affecting Restricted Subsidiaries. The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, directly or indirectly, create or otherwise cause or suffer to exist or become effective any encumbrance or restriction of any kind on the ability of any Restricted Subsidiary to (a) pay dividends, in cash or otherwise, or make any other distributions on or in respect of its Capital Stock, (b) pay any Indebtedness owed to the Issuer or any other Restricted Subsidiary, (c) make Investments in the Issuer or any other Restricted Subsidiary, (d) transfer any of its properties or assets to the Issuer or any other Restricted Subsidiary or (e) guarantee any Indebtedness of the Issuer or any other Restricted Subsidiary, except for such encumbrances or restrictions existing under or by reason of (i) any agreement in effect on the date of 74 the Indenture and listed on or of a type described in a schedule attached to the Indenture, (ii) applicable law, (iii) customary non-assignment provisions of any lease governing a leasehold interest of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary, (iv) any agreement or other instrument of a Person acquired by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in existence at the time of such acquisition (but not created in contemplation thereof), which encumbrance or restriction is not applicable to any Person, or the properties or assets of any Person, other than the Person, or the property or assets of the Person, so acquired, (v) the refinancing of Indebtedness incurred under the agreements listed on or of type described in a schedule attached to the Indenture, so long as such encumbrances or restrictions are no less favorable to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary than those contained in the respective agreement as in effect on the date of the Indenture, (vi) pursuant to the Indenture or the Notes, (vii) any Bank Facility if such encumbrance or restriction applies only (x) to amounts which at any point in time (other than during such periods as are described in clause (y)) (1) exceed amounts due and payable (or which are to become due and payable within 30 days) in respect of the Notes or the Indenture for interest, premium and principal (after giving effect to any realization by the Issuer under any applicable Currency Agreement), or (2) if paid, would result in an event described in the following clause (y) of this sentence, or (y) during the pendency of any event that causes, permits or, after notice or lapse of time, would cause or permit the holder(s) of the Indebtedness governed by such agreement or instrument to declare any such Indebtedness to be immediately due and payable or require cash collateralization or cash cover for such Indebtedness for so long as such cash collateralization or cash cover has not been provided, or (viii) any arrangement arising or agreed to in the ordinary course of business, not relating to any Indebtedness that does not individually, or together with all such encumbrances or restrictions, detract from the value of property or assets of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in any manner material to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary. Limitation on Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries. The Issuer will not make, and will not permit any of its Restricted Subsidiaries to make, any Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries if, at the time thereof, the aggregate amount of such Investments would exceed the amount of Restricted Payments then permitted to be made pursuant to the "Limitation on Restricted Payments" covenant (calculated as if no prior Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries had been made by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary). Any Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries permitted to be made pursuant to this covenant (i) will be treated as the making of a Restricted Payment in calculating the amount of Restricted Payments made by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary, without duplication, under the provisions of clause (iv) of paragraph (a) of the "Limitations on Restricted Payments" covenant and (ii) may be made in cash or property (if made in property, the fair market value thereof as determined by the Board of Directors of the Issuer (whose determination shall be conclusive and evidenced by a Board Resolution) shall be deemed to be the amount of such Investment for the purpose of clause (i)). Business of the Issuer. The Issuer will not, and will not permit any Restricted Subsidiary to, engage in any business other than an ATM Network Business. Provision of Financial Statements and Reports. Whether or not the Issuer is required to file reports with the Commission, the Issuer will file on a timely basis with the Commission, the annual reports, quarterly reports and other documents that the Issuer would be required to file if it were subject to Section 13 or 15 of the Exchange Act. The Issuer will also be required (a) to file with the Trustee, and provide to each holder of Notes, without cost to such holder, copies of such reports and documents within 15 days after the date on which such reports and documents are filed with the Commission or the date on which the Issuer would be required to file such reports and documents if the Issuer were so required, and (b) if filing such reports and documents with the Commission is not accepted by the Commission or is prohibited under the Exchange Act, to supply at the Issuer's cost copies of such reports and documents to any prospective holder of Notes promptly upon written request. CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALE OF ASSETS The Issuer will not in a single transaction or a series of related transactions consolidate with or merge with or into any other Person or sell, assign, convey, transfer, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its properties and assets substantially as an entirety to any other Person or Persons or permit any Restricted 75 Subsidiary to enter into any such transaction or series of related transactions, if such transaction or series of related transactions, in the aggregate, would result in the sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis substantially as an entirety to any Person or Persons, unless: (i) at the time and immediately after giving effect thereto either (a) the Issuer will be the surviving corporation or (b) the Person (if other than the Issuer) formed by such consolidation or into which the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary is merged or the Person which acquires by sale, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition, all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis substantially as an entirety, as the case may be (the "Surviving Entity"), (1) will be a corporation organized and validly existing under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof or the District of Columbia and (2) will expressly assume, by a supplemental indenture to the Indenture in form satisfactory to the Trustee, the Issuer's obligation's for the due and punctual payment of the principal of, premium, if any, on and interest on all the Notes and the performance and observance of every covenant of the Indenture on the part of the Issuer to be performed or observed; (ii) immediately before and after giving effect to such transaction or series of transactions on a pro forma basis (and treating any obligation of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary incurred in connection with or as a result of such transaction or series of transactions as having been incurred of the time of such transaction), no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing; (iii) immediately after giving effect to such transaction or series of transactions on a pro forma basis (on the assumption that the transaction or series of transactions occurred on the first day of the latest fiscal quarter for which consolidated financial statements of the Issuer are available immediately prior to the consummation of such transaction or series of transactions with the appropriate adjustments with respect to the transaction or series of transactions being included in such pro forma calculation), the Issuer (or the Surviving Entity if the Issuer is not the continuing obligor under the Indenture) could incur at least $1.00 of additional Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness) under the provisions of the "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness" covenant; and (iv) if any of the property or assets of the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries would thereupon become subject to any Lien, the provisions of the "Limitation on Liens" covenant are complied with. In connection with any such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition, the Issuer or the Surviving Entity shall have delivered to the Trustee, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, an officers' certificate and an opinion of counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition, and if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction, such supplemental indenture, comply with the requirements of the relevant Indenture and that all conditions precedent therein provided for relating to such transaction have been complied with. Upon any consolidation or merger, or any sale, assignment, conveyance, transfer, lease or disposition of all of substantially all of the properties and assets of the Issuer in accordance with the immediately preceding paragraphs in which the Issuer is not the continuing obligor under the Indenture, the Surviving Entity shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Issuer under the Indenture with the same effect as if such successor had been named as the Issuer therein. When a successor assumes all the obligations of its predecessor under the Indenture, the predecessor shall be released from those obligations; provided that in the case of a transfer by lease, the predecessor shall not be released from the payment of principal and interest on the Notes. EVENTS OF DEFAULT The following will be "Events of Default" under the Indenture: (i) default in the payment of any interest on any Note when it becomes due and payable and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days; (ii) default in the payment of the principal of or premium, if any, on any Note at its Maturity; 76 (iii) (A) default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or agreement of the Issuer contained in the Indenture (other than a default in the performance, or breach, of a covenant or agreement which is specifically dealt with in the immediately preceding clauses (i) and (ii) or in clauses (B), (C) or (D) of this clause (iii)) and continuance of such default or breach for a period of 30 days after written notice shall have been given to the Issuer by the Trustee or to the Issuer and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes then outstanding; (B) default in the performance or breach of the provisions of the "Limitation on Sale of Assets" covenant; (C) default in the performance or breach of the provisions of "--Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets"; and (D) failure to make or consummate a Change of Control Offer in accordance with the provisions of the "Purchase of Notes upon a Change of Control" covenant; (iv) (A) one or more defaults in the payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary aggregating $10.0 million or more (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof), when the same becomes due and payable at the stated maturity thereof, and such default or defaults shall have continued after any applicable grace period and shall not have been cured or waived or (B) Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary aggregating $10.0 million or more (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof) shall have been accelerated or otherwise declared due and payable, or required to be prepaid or repurchased (other than by regularly scheduled required prepayment), prior to the stated maturity thereof); (v) one or more final judgments, orders or decrees of any court or regulatory agency shall be rendered against the Issuer or any Significant Subsidiary or their respective properties for the payment of money, either individually or in an aggregate amount, in excess of $10.0 million (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof) and either (A) an enforcement proceeding shall have been commenced by any creditor upon such judgment or order or (B) there shall have been a period of 30 days during which a stay of enforcement of such judgment or order, by reason of a pending appeal or otherwise, was not in effect; (vi) the occurrence of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization with respect to the Issuer or any Significant Subsidiary; If an Event of Default (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (vi) above) shall occur and be continuing, the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes then outstanding, by written notice to the Issuer (and to the Trustee if such notice is given by the holders), may, and the Trustee upon the written request of such holders shall, declare the Accreted Value of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on all of such outstanding Notes immediately due and payable, and upon any such declaration all such amounts payable in respect of the Notes shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (vi) above occurs and is continuing, then the Accreted Value of, premium, if any, and accrued interest on all of the outstanding Notes shall ipso facto become immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any holder of Notes. At any time after a declaration of acceleration under the Indenture, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the outstanding Notes by written notice to the Issuer and the Trustee, may rescind such declaration and its consequences if (a) the Issuer has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay (i) all overdue interest on all outstanding Notes, (ii) all unpaid Accreted Value and premium, if any, on any outstanding Notes that have become due otherwise than by such declaration of acceleration and interest thereon at the rate borne by the Notes, (iii) to the extent that payment of such interest is lawful, interest upon overdue interest and overdue principal at the rate borne by the Notes, (iv) all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee under the Indenture and the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and (b) all Events of Default, other than the non- payment of amounts of Accreted Value of, premium, if any, or interest on the Notes that has become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived. No such rescission shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon. 77 Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, in the event of a declaration of acceleration in respect of the Notes because of an Event of Default specified in subparagraph (iv)(A) or (iv)(B) above has occurred and is continuing, such Event of Default and all consequences thereof (including, without limitation, any acceleration or resulting payment default) will be automatically annulled, waived and rescinded if the Indebtedness that is the subject of such Event of Default has been discharged or the holders thereof have rescinded their declaration of acceleration in respect of such Indebtedness or the default that is the basis for such Event of Default has been cured and no other Event of Default has occurred and has not been cured or waived. The holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the outstanding Notes may, on behalf of the holders of all the Notes, waive any past defaults under the Indenture, except a default in the payment of principal of, premium, if any, or interest on any Note or in respect of a covenant or provision which under the Indenture cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each Note outstanding. If a Default or an Affiliate for at least three months priorEvent of Default occurs and is continuing and is known to the sale would be entitledTrustee, the Trustee will mail to sell Shareseach holder of the Notes, notice of the Default or Event of Default within 30 days after the occurrence thereof. Except in the public market immediately without compliancecase of a Default or an Event of Default in payment of principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on any Notes, the Trustee may withhold the notice to the holders of such Notes if a committee of its trust officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of the holders of such Notes. The Issuer is required to furnish to Trustee annual and quarterly statements as to the performance by the Issuer of their obligations under the Indenture and as to any default in such performance. The Issuer is also required to notify the Trustee within five business days of the occurrence of any Default. DEFEASANCE OR COVENANT DEFEASANCE OF THE INDENTURE The Issuer may, at its option and at any time, elect to have the obligations of the Issuer and on the Notes, discharged with respect to the outstanding Notes ("defeasance"). Such defeasance means that the Issuer will be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire Indebtedness represented by the outstanding Notes and to have satisfied all its other obligations under such Notes and the Indenture insofar as such Notes are concerned except for (i) the rights of holders of outstanding Notes to receive payments in respect of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on such Notes when such payments are due, (ii) the Issuer's obligations to issue temporary Notes, register the transfer or exchange of any such Notes, replace mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Notes, maintain an office or agency for payments in respect of the Notes and segregate and hold such payments in trust, (iii) the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee and (iv) the defeasance provisions of the applicable Indenture. In addition, the Issuer may, at its option and at any time, elect to have the obligations of the Issuer released with respect to certain covenants set forth in the Indenture, and any omission to comply with such obligations shall not constitute a Default or an Event of Default with respect to the Notes ("covenant defeasance"). In order to exercise either defeasance or covenant defeasance, (i) the Issuer must irrevocably deposit or cause to be deposited with the foregoing requirementsTrustee, as trust funds in trust, specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the holders of the Notes, cash in Deutsche Marks or U.S. dollars, or a combination thereof, in such amounts as will be sufficient, in the opinion of an internationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or an internationally recognized investment banking firm, to pay and discharge the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the outstanding Notes on the Stated Maturity of such principal, premium, if any, or installment of interest; (ii) no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Notes will have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or, insofar as an event of bankruptcy under Rule 144. Rule 144 doesclause (vi) of "--Events of Default" above is concerned, at any time during the period ending on the first day following the date that is six months after such deposit; (iii) such defeasance or covenant defeasance will not require the same person to have held the securities for the applicable periods. The Company and its Directors, Officers and certain other shareholders have agreed not to offer for sale, sell or otherwise dispose of (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or could be expected to, result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, any material agreement or instrument (other than the dispositionIndenture) to which the Issuer is a party or by any person of), directlywhich it is bound; (iv) in the case of defeasance, the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States stating that the Issuer has received from, or indirectly, any Shares, with certain limited exceptions, forthere has 78 been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a period of 180 days afterruling, or since the date of this Prospectus, there has been a change in applicable federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion shall confirm that, the holders of the outstanding Notes will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred; (v) in the case of covenant defeasance, the Issuer shall have delivered to Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the holders of the Notes outstanding will not recognize income, gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred; (vi) in the case of defeasance or covenant defeasance, the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel in the United States to the effect that after the first day following six months after the date of such deposit or after the date such opinion is delivered, the trust funds will not be subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally; (vii) the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an officers' certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Issuer with the intent of preferring the holders of the Notes over the other creditors of the Issuer with the intent of hindering, delaying or defrauding creditors of the Issuer; and (viii) the Issuer shall have delivered to the Trustee an officers' certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to either the defeasance or the covenant defeasance, as the case may be, have been complied with. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE The Indenture will cease to be of further effect (except as to surviving rights of registration of transfer or exchange of the Notes as expressly provided for in the Indenture) and the Trustee, at the expense of the Issuer, will execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of the Indenture when (i) either (a) all the Notes theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than destroyed, lost or stolen Notes which have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or (b) all the Notes not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (x) have become due and payable, (y) will become due and payable at Stated Maturity within one year or (z) are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Issuer, and the Issuer has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee trust funds in trust for such purpose an amount sufficient to pay and discharge the entire Indebtedness on such Notes not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, for Accreted Value of, premium, if any, and interest on the Notes to the date of such deposit (in the case of Notes which have become due and payable) or to the Stated Maturity or redemption date, as the case may be; (ii) the Issuer has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable under the Indenture by the Issuer; and (iii) the Issuer has delivered to the Trustee an officers' certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided in the Indenture relating to the satisfaction and discharge of the Indenture have been complied with. MODIFICATIONS AND AMENDMENTS Modifications and amendments of the Indenture may be made by a supplemental indenture entered into by the Issuer and the Trustee with the consent of the holders of a majority in aggregate outstanding principal amount at maturity of the Notes; provided, however, that no such modification or amendment may, without the prior written consent of ING Baringsthe holder of each outstanding Note affected thereby, (i) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any installment of interest on, any Note or reduce the principal amount or Accreted Value thereof or premium, if any, or the rate of interest thereon or change the coin or currency in which the principal of any such Note or any premium or the interest thereon is payable, or impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of redemption, on or after the redemption date); (ii) amend, change or modify the redemption provisions of the Indenture or the Notes or the obligation of the Issuer to make and consummate an Excess Proceeds Offer with respect to any Asset Sale in accordance with the "Limitation on Sale of Assets" covenant or the obligation of the Issuer to make and consummate a Change of 79 Control Offer in the event of a Change of Control in accordance with the "Purchase of Notes upon a Change of Control" covenant, including, in each case, amending, changing or modifying any definition relating thereto; (iii) reduce the percentage in principal amount at maturity of outstanding Notes, the consent of whose holders is required for any waiver of compliance with certain provisions of the Indenture; (iv) modify any of the provisions relating to supplemental indentures requiring the consent of holders or relating to the waiver of past defaults or relating to the waiver of certain covenants, except to increase the percentage of outstanding Notes required for such actions or to provide that certain other provisions of the Indenture cannot be modified or waived without the consent of the holder of each Note affected thereby; (v) except as otherwise permitted under "--Consolidation, Merger and Sale of Assets," consent to the assignment or transfer by the Issuer of any of their rights or obligations under the Indenture; (vi) amend or modify any of the provisions of the Indenture relating to any guarantee of the Notes in any manner adverse to the holders of such Notes; or (vii) amend or modify the provisions described under "Additional Amounts" in any manner adverse to the Holders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, without the consent of any holder of the Notes, the Issuer and the Trustee may modify or amend the Indenture: (a) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Issuer or any other obligor on the Notes, and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Issuer or such obligor in the Indenture and in the Notes in accordance with "--Consolidation, Merger, Sale of Assets"; (b) to add to the covenants of the Issuer or any other obligor upon the Notes for the benefit of the holders of such Notes or to surrender any right or power conferred upon the Issuer or any other obligor upon such Notes, as applicable, in the Indenture or in such Notes; (c) to cure any ambiguity, or to correct or supplement any provision in the Indenture or the Notes or make any other provisions with respect to matters or questions arising under the Indenture or the Notes; provided that, in each case, such provisions shall not adversely affect the interest of the holders of such Notes; (d) to comply with the requirements of the Commission in order to effect or maintain the qualification, if any, of the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act; (e) to add a guarantor of the Notes under the Indenture; (f) to evidence and provide the acceptance of the appointment of a successor Trustee under the Indenture; or (g) to mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or grant a security interest in favor of the Trustee for the benefit of the holders of the Notes as additional security for the payment and performance of the Issuer's and any guarantor's obligations under the Indenture, in any property, or assets, including any of which are required to be mortgaged, pledged or hypothecated, or in which a security interest is required to be granted to the Trustee pursuant to the Indenture or otherwise. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount at maturity of the Notes outstanding may waive compliance with certain restrictive covenants and provisions of the Indenture. NO PERSONAL LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND STOCKHOLDERS No director, officer, employee, agent, incorporator or stockholder of the Issuer, as such, shall have any liability for any obligations of the Issuer under the Notes or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of, or by reason of, such obligations or their creation. Each holder of the Notes by accepting a Note irrevocably waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are part of the consideration for the issuance of the Notes. Such waiver may not be effective to waive liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws and it is the view of the Commission that such a waiver is against public policy. THE TRUSTEE The Indenture provides that, except during the continuance of an Event of Default, the Trustee will perform only such duties as are specifically set forth in the Indenture. If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee will exercise such rights and powers vested in it under the Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in its exercise as a prudent Person would exercise under the circumstances in the conduct of such Person's own affairs. The Indenture and provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, incorporated by reference therein, contain limitations on the rights of the Trustee thereunder should it become a creditor of the Issuer, to obtain payment of 80 claims in certain cases or to realize on certain property received by it in respect of any such claims, as security or otherwise. The Trustee is permitted to engage in other transactions; provided, however, that if it acquires any conflicting interest (as defined below) it must eliminate such conflict or resign. GOVERNING LAW The Indenture and the Notes will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York. CERTAIN DEFINITIONS "Accreted Value" is defined to mean, for any Specified Date, the amount calculated pursuant to clause (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) below for each DM1,000 principal amount at maturity of Notes: (i) if the Specified Date occurs on one or more of the following dates (each a "Semi-Annual Accrual Date"), the Accreted Value will equal the amount set forth below for such Semi-Annual Accrual Date:
SEMI-ANNUAL ACCRUAL DATE ACCRETED VALUE ------------ -------------- , 1998................................................... DM , 1999................................................... DM , 1999................................................... DM , 2000................................................... DM , 2000................................................... DM , 2001................................................... DM , 2001................................................... DM , 2002................................................... DM1,000
(ii) if the Specified Date occurs before the first Semi-Annual Accrual Date, the Accreted Value will equal the sum of (a) the original issue price and (b) an amount equal to the product of (i) the Accreted Value for the first Semi-Annual Accrual Date less the original issue price multiplied by (2) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days from the Issue Date to the Specified Date, using a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months, and the denominator of which is the number of days elapsed from the Issue Date to the first Semi-Annual Accrual Date, using a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months; (iii) if the Specified Date occurs between two Semi-Annual Accrual Dates, the Accreted Value will equal the sum of (a) the Accreted Value for the Semi-Annual Accrual Date immediately preceding such Specified Date and (b) an amount equal to the product of (1) the Accreted Value for the immediately following Semi-Annual Accrual Date less the Accreted Value for the immediately preceding Semi-Annual Accrual Date multiplied by (2) a fraction the numerator of which is the number of days from the immediately preceding Semi-Annual Accrual Date to the Specified Date, using a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months, and the denominator of which is 180; or (iv) if the Specified Date occurs after the last Semi-Annual Accrual Date, the Accreted Value will equal DM1,000. "Acquired Indebtedness" means Indebtedness of a Person (a) existing at the time such Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary or (b) assumed in connection with the acquisition of assets from such Person, in each case, other than Indebtedness incurred in connection with, or in contemplation of, such Person becoming a Restricted Subsidiary or such acquisition; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of the "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness" covenant, such Indebtedness shall be deemed to be incurred on the date of the related acquisition of assets from any Person or the date the acquired Person becomes a Restricted Subsidiary. 81 "Affiliate" means, with respect to any specified Person, (i) any other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified Person or (ii) any other Person that owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of such specified Person's Voting Stock or any executive officer or director of any such specified Person or other Person or, with respect to any natural Person, any Person having a relationship with such Person by blood, marriage or adoption not more remote than first cousin. For the purposes of this definition, "control," when used with respect to any specified Person, means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" have meanings correlative to the foregoing. "Annualized Pro Forma Consolidated Operating Cash Flow" means Consolidated Operating Cash Flow for the latest fiscal quarter for which consolidated financial statements of the Issuer are available immediately preceding the date of the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate Annualized Pro Forma Consolidated Operating Cash Flow (the "Transaction Date") multiplied by four. For purposes of calculating "Consolidated Operating Cash Flow" for any fiscal quarter for purposes of this definition, (i) any Restricted Subsidiary that is a Restricted Subsidiary on the Transaction Date shall be deemed to have been a Restricted Subsidiary at all times during such fiscal quarter and (ii) any Restricted Subsidiary that is not a Restricted Subsidiary on the Transaction Date shall be deemed not to have been a Restricted Subsidiary at any time during such fiscal quarter. "Asset Sale" means any sale, conveyance, transfer, lease or other disposition (including, without limitation, by way of merger, consolidation or sale and leaseback transaction) (collectively, a "transfer"), directly or indirectly, in one or a series of related transactions, of (i) any Capital Stock of any Restricted Subsidiary; (ii) all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Issuer or its Restricted Subsidiaries; (iii) any material license or other authorization of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary pertaining to an Electronics Fund Transfer Business or (iv) any other properties or assets of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary, other than in the ordinary course of business. For the purposes of this definition, the term "Asset Sale" shall not include any transfer of properties or assets (A) that is governed by the provisions of the Indenture described under "-- Consolidation, Merger, Sale of Assets," (B) of the Issuer to any Restricted Subsidiary, or of any Restricted Subsidiary to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in accordance with the terms of the Indenture, (C) having a fair market value of less than $250,000 (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof) in any given fiscal year or (D) any transfer by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary of property or equipment to a Person who is not an Affiliate of the Issuer in exchange for property or equipment that has a fair market value at least equal to the fair market value of the property or equipment so transferred; provided that, in the event of a transfer described in this clause (D), the Issuer shall deliver to the Trustee an officers' certificate certifying that such exchange complies with this clause (D). "ATM Network Assets" means all assets, rights (contractual or otherwise) and properties, whether tangible or intangible, used or useful in connection with an ATM Network Business. "ATM Network Business" means, when used in reference to any Person, that such Person is engaged primarily in the business of (i) operating or managing ATMs or networks of ATMs, (ii) processing financial transactions on behalf of the Underwriters. PriorPersons issuing credit and debit cards and Persons operating ATMs or networks of ATMs, (iii) creating, developing, manufacturing, installing, operating, maintaining, leasing or servicing ATMs or point of sale authorization equipment or related equipment, software and other devices for use in an ATM Network Business, (iv) providing goods or services to any Person engaged in an ATM Network Business or (v) evaluating, participating in or pursuing any other activity, service or opportunity that is reasonably related to those identified in (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) above including, but not limited to, activities reasonably related to the Offering, thereissuance of credit and debit cards. "Attributable Value" means, with respect to any lease at the time of determination, the present value (discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if not known, at the Issuer's incremental borrowing rate) of the obligations of the lessee of the property subject to such lease for rental payments during the remaining term of the lease included in such transaction, including any period for which such lease has been extended or 82 may, at the option of the lessor, be extended, or until the earliest date on which the lessee may terminate such lease without penalty or upon payment of penalty (in which case the rental payments shall include such penalty), after excluding from such rental payments all amounts required to be paid on account of maintenance and repairs, insurance, taxes, assessments, water utilities and similar charges. "Average Life" means, as of the date of determination with respect to any Indebtedness, the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the sum of the products of (i) the number of years from the date of determination to the date or dates of all successive scheduled principal payment (including, without limitation, any sinking fund requirements) of such Indebtedness multiplied by (ii) the amount of each such principal payment by (b) the sum of all such principal payments. "Bank Facility" means Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary under a senior bank facility with one or more banks or other commercial financial institutions. "Bankruptcy Law" means Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended, or any similar United States federal or state law, or any similar law of any other jurisdiction, relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, winding- up, liquidation, reorganization or relief of debtors or any amendment to, succession to or change in any such law. "Capital Stock" means, with respect to any Person, any and all shares, interests, partnership interests, participations, rights in or other equivalent equity interests (however designated) issued by such Person, and any rights (other than debt securities convertible into capital stock), warrants or options exchangeable for or convertible into such capital stock, whether now outstanding or issued after the date of the Indenture. "Capitalized Lease Obligation" means, with respect to any Person, any obligation of such Person under a lease of (or other agreement conveying the right to use) any property (whether real, personal or mixed) that is required to be classified and accounted for as a capital lease obligation under GAAP. "Cash Equivalents" means (i) any evidence of Indebtedness with a maturity of 180 days or less issued or directly and fully guaranteed or insured by the government of the United States of America, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of France or the United Kingdom or any agency or instrumentality thereof, (ii) deposits, certificates of deposit or acceptances with a maturity of 180 days or less of any financial institution that is a member of the Federal Reserve system, in each case having combined capital and surplus and undivided profits (or any similar capital concept) of not less than $500 million (or, if not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof); (iii) commercial paper, with a maturity of 180 days or less issued by a corporation (other than an Affiliate of the Issuer) organized under the laws of a member state of the European Union or the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia and rated at least "A-2" by Standard & Poor's Corporation or "P-2" by Moody's Investors Service; and (iv) repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements relating to marketable direct obligations issued or unconditionally guaranteed by the United States government (in the case of any U.S. government obligations), in each case maturing within one year from the date of acquisition. "Change of Control" means the occurrence of any of the following events: (a) any "person" or "group" (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, except that a Person shall be deemed to have "beneficial ownership" of all securities that such Person has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the total outstanding Voting Stock of the Issuer; (b) the Issuer consolidates with, or merges with or into another Person or conveys, transfers, leases or otherwise disposes of all or substantially all of its assets to any Person, or any Person consolidates with or merges with or into the Issuer, in any such event pursuant to a transaction in which the outstanding Voting Stock of the Issuer is converted into or exchanged for cash, securities or other property, other than any such transaction where (i) the outstanding Voting Stock of the Issuer is not converted or exchanged at all (except to the extent necessary to reflect a change in the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Issuer) or is 83 converted into or exchanged for (A) Voting Stock (other than Redeemable Capital Stock) of the surviving or transferee corporation or (B) Voting Stock (other than Redeemable Capital Stock) of the surviving or transferee corporation and cash, securities and other property (other than Capital Stock of the Surviving Entity) in an amount that could be paid by the Issuer as a Restricted Payment as described under the "Limitation on Restricted Payments" covenant and (ii) immediately after such transaction, no market"person" or "group" (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act), other than Permitted Holders, is the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act, except that a Person shall be deemed to have "beneficial ownership" of all securities that such Person has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time), directly or indirectly, of more than 50% of the total outstanding Voting Stock of the surviving or transferee corporation; (c) during any consecutive two year period, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors of the Issuer (together with any new directors whose election to such Board of Directors, or whose nomination for election by the stockholders of the Issuer, was approved by a vote of 66 2/3% of the directors then still in office who were either directors at the beginning of such period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board of Directors of the Issuer then in office; or (d) the Issuer is liquidated or dissolved or a special resolution is passed by the shareholders of the Issuer approving the plan of liquidation or dissolution other than in a transaction which complies with the provisions described under "--Consolidation, Merger and Sales of Assets." "Consolidated Adjusted Net Income" means, for any period, the consolidated net income (or loss) of the Issuer and all Restricted Subsidiaries for such period as determined in accordance with GAAP, adjusted by excluding, without duplication, (a) any net after-tax extraordinary gains or losses (less all fees and expenses relating thereto), (b) any net after-tax gains or losses (less all fees and expenses relating thereto) attributable to asset dispositions other than in the ordinary course of business, (c) the portion of net income (or loss) of any Person (other than the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary), including Unrestricted Subsidiaries, in which the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary has an ownership interest, except to the extent of the amount of dividends or other distributions actually paid to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in cash dividends or distributions during such period, (d) net income (but not loss) of any Person combined with the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary on a "pooling of interests" basis attributable to any period prior to the date of combination, (e) the net income of any Restricted Subsidiary, to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such Restricted Subsidiary is not at the date of determination permitted, directly or indirectly, by operation of the terms of its charter or any agreement, instrument, judgment, decree, order, statute, rule or governmental regulation applicable to such Restricted Subsidiary or its stockholders and (f) any gain or loss, net of taxes, realized upon the termination of any employee benefit plan. "Consolidated Interest Expense" means, for any period, without duplication, the sum of (a) the interest expense of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, including, without limitation, (i) amortization of debt discount, (ii) the net cost of Interest Rate Agreements (including amortization of discounts), (iii) the interest portion of any deferred payment obligation, (iv) accrued interest, (v) the consolidated amount of any interest capitalized by the Issuer and (vi) amortization of debt issuance costs, plus (b) the interest component of Capitalized Lease Obligations of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries paid, accrued and/or scheduled to be paid or accrued during such period, plus (c) cash and non-cash dividends due (whether or not declared) on Redeemable Capital Stock or Preferred Stock by the Issuer and any Restricted Subsidiary (to any Person other than the Issuer and any Wholly Owned Subsidiary), plus (d) one third of operating lease rental payments paid, accrued and/or scheduled to be paid or accrued during such period, in each case as determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; provided that the Consolidated Interest Expense attributable to interest on any Indebtedness computed on a pro forma basis and (A) bearing a floating interest rate shall be computed as if the rate in effect on the date of computation had been the applicable rate for the Sharesentire period and (B) which was not outstanding during the period for which the computation is being made but which bears, at the option of the Issuer, a fixed or floating rate of interest, shall be computed by applying, at the option of the Issuer, either the fixed or the floating rate. 84 "Consolidated Operating Cash Flow" means, with respect to any period, the Consolidated Adjusted Net Income for such period (a) increased by (to the extent included in computing Consolidated Adjusted Net Income) the sum of (i) the Consolidated Tax Expense for such period (other than taxes attributable to extraordinary, unusual or non-recurring gains or losses); (ii) Consolidated Interest Expense for such period; (iii) depreciation of the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; (iv) amortization of the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries for such period, determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP; and (v) any other non-cash charges that were deducted in computing Consolidated Adjusted Net Income (excluding any non-cash charge which requires an accrual or reserve for cash charges for any future period) of the Issuer and Restricted Subsidiaries for such period in accordance with GAAP and (b) decreased by any non-cash gains that were included in computing Consolidated Adjusted Net Income. "Consolidated Tax Expense" means, for any period, the provision for federal, state, provincial, local and foreign income taxes of the Issuer and all Restricted Subsidiaries for such period as determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. "Currency Agreements" means any spot or forward foreign exchange agreements and currency swap, currency option or other similar financial agreements or arrangements entered into by the Issuer or any of its Restricted Subsidiaries designed solely to protect against or manage exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. "Default" means any event that after notice or passage of time or both would be an Event of Default. "Disinterested Director" means, with respect to any transaction or series of transactions in respect of which the Board of Directors is required to deliver a resolution of the Board of Directors under the Indenture, a member of the Board of Directors who does not have any material direct or indirect financial interest in or with respect to such transaction or series of transactions. "Equity Offerings" is defined to mean any underwritten public offerings or flotations or placings of Common Stock of the Issuer for cash that has been registered under the Securities Act or admitted to listing on the Nasdaq National Market or New York Stock Exchange. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. "Existing Subsidiaries" means Euronet Holding N.V., Euronet-Bank Tech Rt. (Bank Tech), SatComNet Kft (SatComNet), Bankomat 24/Euronet Sp. z o.o., EFT- Usluge d o.o., Euronet Services GmbH, Euronet Services France SAS and Euronet Services spol. sro. "Generally Accepted Accounting Principles" or "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in effect in the United States on the date of the Indenture. "guarantee" means, as applied to any obligation, (a) a guarantee (other than by endorsement of negotiable instruments for collection in the ordinary course of business), direct or indirect, in any manner, of any part or all of such obligation and (b) an agreement, direct or indirect, contingent or otherwise, the practical effect of which is to assure in any way the payment or performance (or payment of damages in the event of non-performance) of all or any part of such obligation, including, without limiting the foregoing, the payment of amounts drawn down by letters of credit. "Incur" or "incur" means, with respect to any Indebtedness, to create, issue, assume, guarantee or in any manner become directly or indirectly liable for the payment of, or otherwise incur such Indebtedness; provided that neither the accrual of interest nor the accretion of original issue discount shall be considered an Incurrence of Indebtedness. Incurrence, Incurred and Incurring shall have the meanings correlative to the foregoing. 85 "Indebtedness" means, with respect to any Person, without duplication, (a) all liabilities, contingent or otherwise, of such Person: (i) for borrowed money (including overdrafts), (ii) in connection with any letters of credit and acceptances issued under letter of credit facilities, acceptance facilities or other similar facilities, (iii) evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures or other similar instruments, (iv) for the deferred purchase price of property or services or created or arising under any conditional sale or other title retention agreement with respect to property acquired by such Person, or (v) for Capitalized Lease Obligations, (b) all obligations of such Person under or in respect of Interest Rate Agreements or Currency Agreements, (c) all indebtedness referred to in (but not excluded from) the preceding clauses of other Persons and all dividends of other Persons, the payment of which is secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien upon or with respect to property (including, without limitation, accounts and contract rights) owned by such Person, even though such Person has not assumed or become liable for the payment of such Indebtedness (the amount of such obligation being deemed to be the lesser of the value of such property or asset or the amount of the obligation so secured), (d) all guarantees by such Person of Indebtedness referred to in this definition of any other Person and (e) all Redeemable Capital Stock of such Person valued at the greater of its voluntary or involuntary maximum fixed repurchase price plus accrued and unpaid dividends. For purposes hereof, the "maximum fixed repurchase price" of any Redeemable Capital Stock which does not have a fixed repurchase price shall be calculated in accordance with the terms of such Redeemable Capital Stock as if such Redeemable Capital Stock were purchased on any date on which Indebtedness shall be required to be determined pursuant to the Indenture, and if such price is based upon, or measured by, the fair market value of such Redeemable Capital Stock, such fair market value shall be determined in good faith by the board of directors of the Issuer of such Redeemable Capital Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing, trade accounts, liabilities with respect to pre-paid goods and services, accrued liabilities arising in the ordinary course of business and any liability for Taxes owed by such Person will not be considered Indebtedness for purposes of this definition. For purposes of the "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness" and "Limitation on Restricted Payments" covenants and the definition of "Events of Default," in determining the principal amount of any Indebtedness to be incurred by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary or which is outstanding at any date, (x) the principal amount of any Indebtedness which provides that an amount less than the principal amount at maturity thereof shall be due upon any declaration of acceleration thereof shall be the accreted value thereof at the date of determination and (y) effect shall be given to the impact of any Currency Agreement with respect to such Indebtedness. "Interest Rate Agreements" means any interest rate protection agreements and other types of interest rate hedging agreements or arrangements (including, without limitation, interest rate swaps, caps, floors, collars and other similar agreements) designed solely to protect the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary against fluctuations in interest rates in respect of Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary. "Investment" means, with respect to any Person, any direct or indirect advance, loan or other extension of credit or capital contribution to (by means of any transfer of cash or other property to others or any payment for property or services for the account or use of others), or any purchase, acquisition or ownership by such Person of any Capital Stock, bonds, notes, debentures or other securities or evidences of Indebtedness issued or owned by, any other Person and all other items that would be classified as investments on a balance sheet prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, the fair market value of the net assets of any Subsidiary at the time that such Subsidiary is designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary shall be deemed to be an "Investment" made by the Issuer in such Unrestricted Subsidiary at such time. "Investments" shall exclude extensions of trade credit on commercially reasonable terms in accordance with normal trade practices. "Issue Date" means the date of the Indenture. "Lien" means any mortgage, charge, pledge, lien (statutory or otherwise), privilege, security interest, hypothecation, assignment for security, claim, or preference or priority or other encumbrance upon or with respect to any property of any kind, real or personal, movable or immovable, now owned or hereafter acquired. A Person shall be deemed to own subject to a Lien any property which such Person has acquired or holds subject to the interest of a vendor or lessor under any conditional sale agreement, capital lease or other title retention agreement. 86 "Maturity" means, with respect to any Note, the date on which any principal of such Note becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity with respect to such principal or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or purchase or otherwise. "Moody's" means Moody's Investors Service, Inc. and its successors. "Net Cash Proceeds" means (a) with respect to any Asset Sale, the proceeds thereof in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents including payments in respect of deferred payment obligations when received in the form of, or stock or other assets when disposed for, cash or Cash Equivalents (except to the extent that such obligations are financed or sold with recourse to the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary), net of (i) brokerage commissions and other fees and expenses (including fees and expenses of legal counsel, accountants, consultants and investment banks) related to such Asset Sale, (ii) provisions for all taxes payable as a result of such Asset Sale, (iii) payments made to retire Indebtedness where payment of such Indebtedness is secured by the assets or properties which are the subject of such Asset Sale, (iv) amounts required to be paid to any Person (other than the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary) owning a beneficial interest in the assets subject to the Asset Sale and (v) appropriate amounts to be provided by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, as a reserve required in accordance with GAAP against any liabilities associated with such Asset Sale and retained by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be, after such Asset Sale, including, without limitation, trade creditors, pension and other post- employment benefit liabilities, liabilities related to environmental matters and liabilities under any indemnification obligations associated with such Asset Sale, all as reflected in an officers' certificate delivered to the Trustee and (b) with respect to any issuance or sale of Capital Stock or options, warrants or rights to purchase Capital Stock, or debt securities or Redeemable Capital Stock that have been converted into or exchanged for Qualified Capital Stock, as referred to under the "Limitation on Restricted Payments" covenant, the proceeds of such issuance or sale in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents, including payments in respect of deferred payment obligations when received in the form of, or stock or other assets when disposed for, cash or Cash Equivalents (except to the extent that such obligations are financed or sold with recourse to the Issuer or any Subsidiary of the Issuer), net of attorney's fees, accountant's fees and brokerage, consultation, underwriting and other fees and expenses actually incurred in connection with such issuance or sale and net of taxes paid or payable as a result thereof. "Participant" is defined to mean, with respect to DTC, Persons who have accounts with DTC. "Permitted Capital Stock Sales" is defined to mean the issuance, sale or grant by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary of Capital Stock of the Issuer or any Existing Subsidiary; provided that such issuance, sale or grant is made to a financial institution, international credit or debit card issuer or other entity engaged in an ATM Network Business pursuant to an agreement between the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary, on the one hand, and a financial institution, international credit or debit card issuer or other entity engage in an ATM Network Business, on the other hand, to invest in, manage or establish an ATM Network Business; and, provided further, that such issuances, sales or grants of Capital Stock, in the aggregate, shall not exceed 5.0% of the outstanding Capital Stock of the Issuer or any Existing Subsidiary, as the case may be, and that no predictiondividends, in cash or otherwise, or other distributions on or in respect of any Capital Stock issued, sold or granted in connection with a Permitted Capital Stock Sale shall be declared or paid during the term of the Indenture. "Permitted Holder" means Michael Brown and Daniel Henry; "Permitted Indebtedness" means any of the following: (a) Indebtedness of the Issuer pursuant to the Notes; (b) Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary outstanding on the date of the Indenture, or undrawn amounts under agreements or facilities existing on the date of the Indenture, and listed on or of a type described in a schedule thereto; (c) (i) Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary owed to and held by the Issuer or another Restricted Subsidiary and (ii) Indebtedness of the Issuer owed to and held by any Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary 87 that is Subordinated Indebtedness; provided that an incurrence of Indebtedness shall be deemed to have occurred upon (x) any sale or other disposition (excluding assignments as security to financial institutions) of any Indebtedness of the Issuer or Restricted Subsidiary referred to in this clause (c) to a Person (other than the Issuer, a Restricted Subsidiary or a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be) or (y) any sale or other disposition of Capital Stock of a Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiary which holds Indebtedness of the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary that holds Indebtedness of another Restricted Subsidiary such that such Wholly Owned Subsidiary ceases to be Wholly Owned or such Restricted Subsidiary ceases to be a Restricted Subsidiary; (d) Obligations under any Interest Rate Agreement of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary to the extent relating to (i) Indebtedness of the Issuer or such Restricted Subsidiary, as the case may be (which Indebtedness (x) bears interest at fluctuating interest rates and (y) is otherwise permitted to be incurred under the "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness" covenant), or (ii) Indebtedness for which a lender has provided a commitment in an amount reasonably anticipated to be incurred by the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary in the following 12 months after such Interest Rate Agreement has been entered into, but only to the extent that the notional principal amount of such Interest Rate Agreement does not exceed the principal amount of the Indebtedness (or Indebtedness subject to commitments) to which such Interest Rate Agreement relates; (e) Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary under Currency Agreements to the extent relating to (i) Indebtedness of the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary (which Indebtedness is otherwise permitted to be incurred under the "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness" covenant) or (ii) obligations to purchase assets, properties or services incurred in the ordinary course of business of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary, including any purchases of network or customer equipment; provided that such Currency Agreements do not increase the Indebtedness or other obligations of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding other than as a result of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates or by reason of fees, indemnities and compensation payable thereunder; (f) Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in respect of performance bonds of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary or surety bonds provided by the Issuer or any Subsidiary incurred in the ordinary course of business in connection with an ATM Network Business; (g) Indebtedness consisting of guarantees, indemnities or obligations in respect of purchase price adjustments in connection with the acquisition or disposition of assets, including, without limitation, shares of Capital Stock; (h) Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary to the extent it represents a replacement, renewal, refinancing or extension of outstanding Indebtedness of the Issuer or of any Restricted Subsidiary incurred or outstanding pursuant to clause (b) of this definition or the proviso of the covenant "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness"; provided that (i) Indebtedness of the Issuer may not be replaced, renewed, refinanced or extended to such extent under this clause (i) with Indebtedness of any Subsidiary and (ii) any such replacement, renewal, refinancing or extension (x) shall not result in a lower Average Life of such Indebtedness as compared with the Indebtedness being replaced, renewed, refinanced or extended, (y) shall not exceed the sum of the principal amount (or, if such Indebtedness provides for a lesser amount to be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration thereof, an amount no greater than such lesser amount) of the Indebtedness being replaced, renewed, refinanced or extended plus the amount of accrued interest thereon and the amount of any reasonably determined prepayment premium necessary to accomplish such replacement, renewal, refinancing or extension and such reasonable fees and expenses incurred in connection therewith, and (z) in the case of any replacement, renewal, refinancing or extension by the Issuer of Subordinated Indebtedness, such new Indebtedness is made subordinate to the Notes at least to the same extent as the Indebtedness being replaced, renewed, refinanced or extended; (i) Indebtedness of the Issuer Incurred (including Acquired Indebtedness) (i) in order to finance the acquisition of ATM Network Assets or an ATM Network Business, provided, that the aggregate principal amount of all such Indebtedness shall not exceed $50.0 million (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof) at any time outstanding; 88 (j) Indebtedness of any Restricted Subsidiary to finance the day to day operations and working capital requirements of such Restricted Subsidiary, provided, that the aggregate principal amount of all such Indebtedness Incurred by all Restricted Subsidiaries shall not exceed $5.0 million (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof) at any time outstanding; (k) Indebtedness of the Issuer, to the extent the net proceeds thereof are promptly (A) used to purchase Notes tendered in a Change of Control Offer or Excess Proceeds Offer or (B) deposited to defease all of the Notes as described above in "Defeasance or Covenant Defeasance of the Notes"; (l) Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary under Capitalized Lease Obligations relating to ATM Network Assets that is Incurred in the ordinary course of business and which is secured by the ATM Network Assets subject to such Capitalized Lease Obligations; and (m) in addition to the items referred to in clauses (a) through (l) above, Indebtedness of the Issuer having an aggregate principal amount not to exceed $200 million (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof) at any time outstanding. "Permitted Investments" means any of the following: (a) Investments in Cash Equivalents; (b) Investments in the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary; (c) Investments of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary if as a result of such Investment a Person (i) becomes a Restricted Subsidiary or (ii) is merged or consolidated with or into, or transfers or conveys all or substantially all of its assets to, the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary as a result of such Investment; provided, in each case, such Restricted Subsidiary is engaged in an ATM Network Business; (d) Investments in assets used in the ordinary course of business; (e) Investments in prepaid expenses; or (f) Investments by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary in any entity the primary business of which is the conduct of the ATM Network Business, provided, that the sum of all such Investments does not exceed $10.0 million at any time; "Permitted Liens" means the following types of Liens: (a) Liens existing as of the date of the Indenture; (b) Liens securing Permitted Indebtedness; (c) Liens on any property or assets of a Restricted Subsidiary granted in favor of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary; (d) Liens securing the Notes; (e) any interest or title of a lessor under any Capitalized Lease Obligation so long as the Attributable Value secured by such Lien does not exceed $10 million (or, to the extent not denominated in U.S. dollars, the U.S. Dollar Equivalent thereof); (f) statutory Liens of landlords and carriers, warehouseman's, mechanics, suppliers, materialmen's, repairmen's or other like Liens arising in the ordinary course of business and with respect to amounts not yet delinquent or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceeding, if a reserve or other appropriate provision, if any, as shall be required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made therefor; (g) Liens for taxes, assessments, government charges or claims that are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings promptly instituted and diligently conducted and if a reserve or other appropriate provision, if any, as shall be required in conformity with GAAP shall have been made therefor; (h) Liens incurred or deposits made to secure the performance of tenders, bids, leases, statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, government contracts, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business (other than contracts for the payment of money); 89 (i) easements, rights-of-way, restrictions and other similar charges or encumbrances not interfering in any material respect with the business of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary incurred in the ordinary course of business; (j) Liens arising by reason of any judgment, decree or order of any court so long as such Lien is adequately bonded and any appropriate legal proceedings that may have been duly initiated for the review of such judgment, decree or order shall not have been finally terminated or the period within which such proceedings may be initiated shall not have expired; (k) Liens securing Acquired Indebtedness created prior to (and not in connection with or in contemplation of) the incurrence of such Indebtedness by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary; provided that such Lien does not extend to any property or assets of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary other than the assets acquired in connection with the incurrence of such Acquired Indebtedness; (l) Liens securing Interest Rate Agreements or Currency Agreements permitted to be incurred pursuant to clause (d) and (e), respectively, of the definition of "Permitted Indebtedness" or any collateral for the Indebtedness to which such Interest Rate Agreements or Currency Agreements relate; (m) Liens arising from Purchase Money Indebtedness, so long as such Liens extend only to the assets constructed, expanded, installed, acquired or improved with such Purchase Money Indebtedness and do not secure any Indebtedness in an amount in excess of such Purchase Money Indebtedness; (n) any extension, renewal or replacement, in whole or in part, of any Lien described in the foregoing clauses (a) through (m); provided that any such extension, renewal or replacement shall be no more restrictive in any material respect than the Lien so extended, renewed or replaced and shall not extend to any additional property or assets; (o) cash deposited by the Issuer or a Subsidiary of the Issuer with banks that participate in the Company's ATM network in the ordinary course of business to secure cash contributed by such banks for use in the Company's ATM Network; and (p) Liens incurred or deposits made in the ordinary course of business in connection with workers' compensation, unemployment insurance and other types of social security. "Person" means any individual, corporation, limited liability Issuer, partnership, joint venture, association, joint-stock Issuer, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. "Preferred Stock" means, with respect to any Person, any and all shares, interests, participation or other equivalents (however designated) of such Person's preferred or preference stock whether now outstanding, or issued after the Issue Date, and including, without limitation, all classes and series of preferred or preference stock of such Person. "Purchase Money Indebtedness" means Indebtedness of the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary incurred at any time within 180 days of, and for the purpose of financing all or any part of the cost of, the construction, expansion, installation, acquisition, improvement by the Issuer or any Restricted Subsidiary of any ATM Network Asset; provided that the proceeds of such Indebtedness are expended for such purposes within such 180-day period; and provided, further, that the net cash proceeds from the issuance of such Indebtedness does not exceed, as of the date of incurrence of such Indebtedness, 100 percent of the lesser of cost and the fair market value of such ATM Network Asset. "Qualified Capital Stock" of any person means any and all Capital Stock of such person other than Redeemable Capital Stock. "Redeemable Capital Stock" means any class or series of Capital Stock that, either by its terms, by the terms of any security into which it is convertible or exchangeable or by contract or otherwise, is, or upon the happening of an event or passage of time would be, required to be redeemed prior to the final Stated Maturity of 90 the relevant Notes or is redeemable at the option of the holder thereof at any time prior to such final Stated Maturity, or is convertible into or exchangeable for debt securities at any time prior to such final Stated Maturity. "Restricted Subsidiary" means the Existing Subsidiaries and any Subsidiary that is not designated an Unrestricted Subsidiary by the Board of Directors of the Issuer. "S&P" means Standard and Poor's Ratings Services, a division of McGraw-Hill, Inc., and its successors. "Sale and Leaseback Transaction" means any transaction or series of related transactions pursuant to which the Issuer or a Restricted Subsidiary sells or transfers any property or asset in connection with the leasing, or the resale against installment payments, of such property or asset to the seller or transferor. "Significant Subsidiary" means, at any date of determination, any Restricted Subsidiary that, together with its subsidiaries, (i) for the most recent fiscal year of the Issuer accounted for more than 5% of the consolidated revenues of the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries, (ii) as of the end of such fiscal year, was the owner of more than 5% of the consolidated assets of the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries, in each case as set forth on the most recently available consolidated financial statements of the Issuer and the Restricted Subsidiaries for such fiscal year, or (iii) owns one or more material licenses or concessions related to the operation of ATM Network Business. "Stated Maturity" means, when used with respect to any Note or any installment of interest thereon, the date specified in such Note as the fixed date on which the principal of such Note or such installment of interest is due and payable, and, when used with respect to any other Indebtedness, means the date specified in the instrument governing such Indebtedness as the fixed date on which the principal of such Indebtedness, or any installment of interest thereon, is due and payable. "Subordinated Indebtedness" means Indebtedness of the Issuer that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes. "Subsidiary" means any Person a majority of the equity ownership or Voting Stock of which is at the time owned, directly or indirectly, by the Issuer or by one or more other Subsidiaries of the Issuer or by the Issuer and one or more other of its Subsidiaries. "Tax" is defined to mean any tax, duty, levy, impost, assessment or other governmental charge (including penalties, interest and any other liabilities related thereto). "Taxing Authority" is defined to mean any government or political subdivision or territory or possession of any government or any authority or agency therein or thereof having power to tax. "Total Consolidated Indebtedness" means, at any date of determination, an amount equal to the aggregate amount of all Indebtedness of the Issuer and its Restricted Subsidiaries outstanding as of the date of determination determined on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. "Total Consolidated Indebtedness to Annualized Pro Forma Consolidated Operating Cash Flow Ratio" means, at any date of determination, the ratio of (i) Total Consolidated Indebtedness to (ii) Annualized Pro Forma Consolidated Operating Cash Flow for the latest full fiscal quarter for which consolidated financial statements of the Issuer are available preceding the date of the transaction giving rise to the need to calculate the Total Consolidated Indebtedness to Annualized Consolidated Operating Cash Flow Ratio. "Trust Indenture Act" means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. "U.S. Dollar Equivalent" means, with respect to any monetary amount in a currency other than the U.S. dollar, at any time for the determination thereof, the amount of U.S. dollars obtained by converting such foreign currency involved in such computation into U.S. dollars at the spot rate for the purchase of U.S. dollars with the 91 applicable foreign currency as quoted by Reuters at approximately 11:00 a.m. (New York time) on the date not more than two business days prior to such determination. For purposes of determining whether any Indebtedness can be incurred (including Permitted Indebtedness), any Investment can be made and any transaction described in the "Limitation on Transactions with Affiliates" covenant can be undertaken (a "Tested Transaction"), the U.S. Dollar Equivalent of such Indebtedness, Investment or transaction described in the "Limitation or Transaction with Affiliates" covenant shall be determined on the date incurred, made or undertaken and no subsequent change in the U.S. Dollar Equivalent shall cause such Tested Transaction to have been incurred, made or undertaken in violation of the Indenture. "Unrestricted Subsidiary" means (a) any Subsidiary that at the time of determination shall be an Unrestricted Subsidiary (as designated by the Board of Directors of the Issuer, as provided below) and (b) any Subsidiary of an Unrestricted Subsidiary. The Board of Directors of the Issuer may designate any Subsidiary (including any newly acquired or newly formed Subsidiary) to be an Unrestricted Subsidiary so long as (i) neither the Issuer nor any other Subsidiary is directly or indirectly liable for or provides credit support for or guarantees any Indebtedness of such Subsidiary, (ii) no default with respect to any Indebtedness of such Subsidiary would permit (upon notice, lapse of time or otherwise) any holder of any other Indebtedness of the Issuer or any other Restricted Subsidiary to declare a default on such other Indebtedness or cause the payment thereof to be accelerated or payable prior to its stated maturity, (iii) any Investment in such Subsidiary made as result of designating such Subsidiary an Unrestricted Subsidiary will not violate the provisions of the "Limitation on Investments in Unrestricted Subsidiaries" covenant, (iv) neither the Issuer nor any other Restricted Subsidiary has a contract, agreement, arrangement, understanding or obligation of any kind, whether written or oral, with such Subsidiary other than those that might be obtained at the time from persons who are not Affiliates of the Issuer and (v) neither the Issuer nor any other Restricted Subsidiary has any obligation (1) to subscribe for additional shares of Capital Stock or other equity interest in such Subsidiary or (2) to maintain or preserve such Subsidiary's financial condition or to cause such Subsidiary to achieve certain levels of operating results. Any such designation by the Board of Directors of the Issuer shall be evidenced to the Trustee by filing a board resolution with the Trustee giving effect if any, that salesto such designation. The Board of Directors of the SharesIssuer may designate any Unrestricted Subsidiary as a Restricted Subsidiary if immediately after giving effect to such designation, there would be no Default or Event of Default under the availabilityIndenture and the Issuer could incur $1.00 of additional Indebtedness (other than Permitted Indebtedness) pursuant to the "Limitation on Additional Indebtedness" covenant. In no event shall the Existing Subsidiaries be designated as Unrestricted Subsidiaries. "Voting Stock" means, with respect to any Person, any class or classes of Capital Stock pursuant to which the holders thereof have the general voting power under ordinary circumstances to elect at least a majority of the board of directors, managers or trustees of such SharesPerson (irrespective of whether or not, at the time, stock of any other class or classes shall have, or might have, voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency). "Wholly Owned" means, with respect to any Subsidiary, such Subsidiary if all the outstanding Capital Stock of such Subsidiary (other than any directors' qualifying shares, shares owned by foreign nationals to the extent mandated by applicable law and shares issued, sold or granted pursuant to a Permitted Capital Stock Sale) is owned directly by the Issuer or by the Issuer and one or more Wholly Owned Restricted Subsidiaries. DESCRIPTION OF BOOK-ENTRY SYSTEM; PAYMENT; TRANSFERS The Notes will be represented by two permanent global notes without interest coupons. One of the two permanent notes, the DBC Global Note will be kept in custody by DBC, will be issued in bearer form and will represent the Notes sold outside the United States to non-U.S. persons and held through financial institutions that are account holders in DBC ("DBC Accountholders"). The DBC Global Note will include the Notes which are held through Euroclear and Cedel, each of which has an account with DBC. The other permanent global note, the DTC Global Note, will be issued in registered form in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of DTC, and will represent the Notes sold to investors and held through financial institutions that are participants in DTC. Together, the Notes represented by the DBC Global Note and the DTC Global Note will equal the aggregate principal amount of the Notes outstanding at any time. The amount of Notes represented by each of the DBC 92 Global Note and the DTC Global Note is evidenced by a register maintained for salethat purpose by the Registrar (as defined below). Definitive certificates representing individual Notes and interest coupons shall not be issued. DTC DTC has advised the Issuer and the Underwriters that it intends to follow the procedures as described below: DTC will haveact as securities depository for the DTC Global Note which will be issued as a fully registered security registered in the name of Cede & Co. (DTC's nominee). DTC is a limited-purpose trust Issuer organized under the New York Banking Law, a "banking organization" within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" within the meaning of New York Uniform Commercial Code, and a "clearing agency" registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Exchange Act. DTC holds securities that its Participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the settlement among Participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in Participants' accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations ("Direct Participants"). DTC is owned by a number of its Direct Participants and by the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., the American Stock Exchange, Inc., and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Access to DTC's system is also available to others such as securities brokers and dealers, banks, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Direct Participant, either directly or indirectly ("Indirect Participants"). The Rules applicable to DTC and its Participants are on file with the Commission. Purchase of registered Notes must be made by or through Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for such Notes on the market price prevailingDepositary's records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each registered Note ("Beneficial Owners") is in turn recorded on the Direct and Indirect Participants' records. Transfers of ownership interest in such Notes are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of Participants acting on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in such Notes, except in the event that use of the book-entry system for such Notes is discontinued as described below. Conveyance of registered Notes and other communications by DTC to Direct Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Direct Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners are governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. SalesRedemption notices for registered Global Notes shall be sent to Cede & Co. If less than all of the Sharesregistered Notes of a class are being redeemed, DTC's practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each Direct Participant in such issue to be redeemed. Neither DTC nor Cede & Co. will consent or vote with respect to the registered Notes. Under its usual procedures, DTC mails an Omnibus Proxy to the Issuer as soon as possible after the record date. The Omnibus Proxy assigns Cede & Co.'s consenting or voting rights to those Direct Participants to whose accounts the registered Notes are credited on the record date (identified in a listing attached to the Omnibus Proxy). Principal, premium (if any), and interest payments on registered Notes will be made to DTC. DTC's practice is to credit Direct Participants' accounts on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC's records unless DTC has reason to believe that it will not receive payment on the payment date. Payments by Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in "street name," and will be the responsibility of such Participant and not of DTC, the U.S. Paying Agent or the Issuer, 93 subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of principal, premium (if any) and interest to DTC is the responsibility of Issuer or the U.S. Paying Agent, disbursement of such payments to Direct Participants shall be the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial Owners shall be the responsibility of Direct and Indirect Participants. The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC's book-entry system has been obtained from sources that the Issuer believes to be reliable, but the Issuer takes no responsibility for the accuracy thereof. So long as DTC or its nominee is the registered owner of the registered Global Note, DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or Holder of the Notes represented by the registered Global Note for all purposes under the Indenture. Owners of beneficial interests in such Global Note will not be entitled to have Notes represented by such Global Note registered in their names, will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of Notes in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or Holders thereof under the Indentures. Accordingly, such person owning a beneficial interest in registered Global Note must rely on the procedures of DTC and, if such person is not a Participant, those of the Participant through which such person owns its interests in order to exercise any rights of a Holder under the Indentures or such Note. The Indenture provides that DTC, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise authorize Participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture, including the right to sue for payment of principal or interest pursuant to Section 316(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. The Issuer understands that under existing industry practices, when the Issuer requests any action of Holders or when a Beneficial Owner desires to give or take any action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indentures, DTC generally will give or take such action, or authorize the relevant Participants to give or take such action, and such Participants would authorize Beneficial Owners owning through such Participants to give or take such action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of Beneficial Owners owning through them. The Issuer has been informed by DTC that DTC will assist its Participants and their customers (Beneficial Owners) in taking any action a Holder is entitled to take under the Indenture or exercise any rights available to Cede & Co., as the holder of record of the registered Notes, including the right to demand acceleration upon an Event of Default or to institute suit for the enforcement of payment or interest pursuant to Section 316(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. DTC has advised the Issuer that it will act with respect to such matters upon written instructions from a Participant to whose account with DTC the relevant beneficial ownership in the public marketregistered Notes is credited. The Issuer understands that a Participant will deliver such written instructions to DTC upon itself receiving similar written instructions from either Indirect Participants or Beneficial Owners, as the case may be. Under Rule 6 of the rules and procedures filed by DTC with the Commission pursuant to Section 17 of the Exchange Act, Participants are required to indemnify DTC against all liability DTC may sustain, without fault on the part of DTC or its nominee, as a result of any action they may take pursuant to the instructions of the Participant in exercising any such rights. The laws of some jurisdictions require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of such securities in definitive form. Such limits and such laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in the Global Notes. Principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on Notes registered in the name of or held by DTC or its nominee will be made to DTC or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner or the perceptionHolder of the registered Global Note representing such Notes. Neither the Issuer nor Trustee will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the registered Global Note or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests. If DTC is at any time unwilling, unable or ineligible to continue as depositary or ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and, in either case a successor depositary is not appointed by the Issuer 94 within 60 days or if an Event of Default under the Indenture has occurred and is continuing, the Issuer will issue Notes under such Indenture in definitive registered form, without coupons, in denominations of DM1,000 principal amount at maturity and any integral multiple thereof, in exchange for the registered Global Note representing such Notes. In addition, the Issuer may at any time and in its sole discretion determine not to have any Notes in registered form represented by the registered Global Note and, in such event, will issue Notes in definitive registered form in exchange for the registered Global Note representing such Notes. In any such instance, an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered Global Note will be entitled to physical delivery in definitive form of registered Notes represented by such registered Global Note equal in principal amount at maturity to such beneficial interest and to have such Notes registered in its name. Upon the exchange of the registered Global Note for Notes in definitive form, the registered Global Note will be cancelled by the applicable Trustee. Transfers and Registrar Transfers of Notes will be limited to transfers of book-entry interests between and within DBC and DTC. Transfers of Notes between DBC Accountholders on the one hand and DTC Participants on the other hand shall be effected by an increase or a reduction in the aggregate amount of Notes represented by the DBC Global Note and a corresponding reduction or increase in the aggregate amount of Notes represented by the DTC Global Note. Except as set forth above, owners of legal co-ownership interests in the DBC Global Note or of beneficial interests in the DTC Global Note will not be entitled to have Notes registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of definitive certificates representing individual Notes. The Issuer has appointed . as registrar (the "Registrar") for all Notes and as paying agent in respect of the Notes represented by the DTC Global Note and . as paying agent for the Notes represented by the DBC Global Note (the DM Paying Agent and the U.S. Paying Agent are referred to as the "Paying Agents"). . , as the Registrar, provides the link between DTC and DBC. The Issuer shall ensure that for as long as any Notes shall be outstanding there shall always be a Registrar, a U.S. paying agent and a DM paying agent to perform the functions assigned to any of them in the Note Indenture. Payment Payment of principal of and interest on the Notes represented by the Global Notes will be made in Deutsche Marks through the DM Paying Agent to DBC and to Cede & Co., the nominee for DTC, as the registered Holder of the DTC Global Note. Any person holding beneficial interests in the DTC Global Note (a "DTC Note Holder") shall receive payments of principal and interest in respect of the Notes in U.S. dollars, unless such DTC Note Holder elects to receive payment in Deutsche Marks in accordance with the procedures set forth below. To the extent that the DTC Note Holders have not made such election in respect of any payment of principal or interest, the aggregate amount designated for all such DTC Note Holders in respect of such payment (the "DM Conversion Amount") shall be credited to the U.S. Paying Agent's account with the Paying Agent and converted by the U.S. Paying Agent into U.S. dollars and paid by wire transfer of same-day funds to the registered holder of the DTC Global Note for payment through DTC's settlement system to the relevant DTC Participants. All costs of any such conversion and wire transfer shall be deducted from such payments. Any such conversion shall be based on . 's bid quotation, at or prior to 11:00 a.m. New York time, on the second New York Business Day (as defined below) preceding the relevant payment date, for the purchase by the U.S. Paying Agent of the DM Conversion Amount of U.S. dollars for settlement on such payment date. If such bid quotation is not available for any reason, the U.S. Paying Agent shall endeavor to obtain a bid quotation from a leading foreign exchange bank in New York City selected by the U.S. Paying Agent for such purpose. If no bid quotation from a leading foreign exchange bank is available, payment of the DM Conversion Amount will be made in Deutsche Marks to the account or accounts specified by DTC to the U.S. Paying Agent. 95 In addition to acting in its capacity as U.S. Paying Agent, . may act as a foreign exchange dealer for purposes of converting Deutsche Marks to U.S. dollars as described in the paragraph above and, when acting as a foreign exchange dealer, it will derive profits from such activities in addition to the fees earned by it for its services as Trustee, Registrar and U.S. Paying Agent. Each such conversion will be made on such terms, conditions, and charges not inconsistent with the terms of the Notes as . may from time to time establish in accordance with its regular foreign exchange practices, and subject to applicable U.S. law and regulations. A DTC Note Holder may elect to receive payment of principal and interest with respect to the Notes in Deutsche Marks by causing DTC through the relevant DTC Participant to notify the U.S. Paying Agent by the time specified below of (i) such DTC Note Holder's election to receive all or a portion of such payment in Deutsche Marks and (ii) wire transfer instructions to a Deutsche Mark account in the Federal Republic of Germany. Such election in respect of any payment must be made by the DTC Note Holder at the time and in the manner required by the DTC procedures applicable from time to time and shall, in accordance with such procedures, be irrevocable and shall relate only to such payment. DTC notification of such election, wire transfer instructions and the amount payable in Deutsche Marks must be received by the U.S. Paying Agent prior to 5:00 p.m. New York time on the fifth New York Business Day following the relevant Record Date in the case of interest, and prior to the payment date for the payment of principal. Any payments in Deutsche Marks shall be made by wire transfer of same-day funds to Deutsche Mark accounts designated by DTC. The term "New York Business Day" shall mean any day other than a Saturday or Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law or executive order to close. Payments by DTC Participants and Indirect DTC Participants (as defined herein) to owners of beneficial interests in the DTC Global Note will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices as is now the case with securities held by the accounts of customers registered in "street name", and will be the responsibility of the DTC Participants or Indirect DTC Participants. Neither the Trustee nor any Paying Agent will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records of DTC relating to or payments made by DTC on account of beneficial interests in the DTC Global Note or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records of DTC relating to such beneficial interests. Substantially similar principles will apply with regard to the DBC Global Note and payments to holders of interest therein. DBC DBC is incorporated under the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany and acts as a specialized depositary and clearing organization. DBC is subject to regulations and supervision by the German Banking Supervisory Authority. DBC holds securities for DBC Accountholders and facilitates the clearance and settlement of securities transactions between its DBC Accountholders through electronic book-entry changes in securities accounts with simultaneous payment in Deutsche Marks in same-day funds. Thus, the need for physical delivery of certificates is eliminated. DBC provides to the DBC Accountholders, among other things, services for safekeeping, administration, clearance and settlement of domestic German and internationally traded securities and securities lending and borrowing. DBC Accountholders include banking institutions located in Germany, including German branches of non-German financial institutions, securities brokers or dealers admitted to a German Stock Exchange that meet certain additional requirements, certain foreign clearing institutions and, subject to certain requirements, other credit institutions within the European Union. Indirect access to DBC is available to others such as securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and others, including individuals, that clear through or maintain custodial relationships with DBC Accountholders either directly or indirectly. CONSENT TO JURISDICTION AND SERVICE The Indenture provides that the Issuer will irrevocably appoint CT Corporation System, 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019, as its agent for service of process in any suit, action or proceeding with respect to the Indenture or the Notes and for actions brought under federal or state securities laws brought in any federal or state court located in the Borough of Manhattan in the City of New York and submits to such jurisdiction. 96 CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS The following discussion is a summary of the principal United States federal income tax considerations of acquiring, owning, and disposing of Notes that may be relevant to prospective investors. This summary is of a general nature and is not intended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any person purchasing and holding Notes pursuant to this Prospectus. The following discussion applies only to persons that hold the Notes as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). This discussion does not purport to deal with all aspects of United States federal income taxation that may be relevant to a prospective investor or to certain classes of persons who are subject to special treatment under the United States federal income tax law, including, but not limited to, dealers in securities or currencies, banks, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, persons that hold the Notes as a "hedge" against currency risks, as part of a "straddle" with other investments, or as part of a "conversion transaction," persons that have a "functional currency" other than the U.S. dollar, and persons who have ceased to be United States citizens or to be taxed as resident aliens. In addition, except as expressly indicated, the discussion generally is limited to the United States federal income tax consequences to initial holders of the Notes. It does not consider the tax treatment of holders of an interest in pass-through entities that hold the Notes nor does it include any description of the tax laws of any state, local, or foreign governments that may be applicable to the Notes or holders thereof. This summary is based upon the United States federal tax laws as in effect on the date of this Prospectus, which are subject to change. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT WITH ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR AS TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH INVESTOR OF ACQUIRING, OWNING, AND DISPOSING OF THE NOTES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND AFFECT OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, OR FOREIGN INCOME TAX LAWS, AND OF CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS. U.S. HOLDERS The following discussion is limited to the United States federal income tax consequences relevant to a holder of a Note that is (i) a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation organized under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof or therein, (iii) an estate, the income of which is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of the source, or (iv) a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust (a "U.S. Holder"). Special consideration relevant to the United States federal income taxation of payments on Notes denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar ("Foreign Currency") are discussed separately below under the heading FOREIGN CURRENCY NOTES. PAYMENTS OF INTEREST In general, interest on a Note (subject to the original issue discount rules described below) will be taxable to a beneficial owner who is a U.S. Holder as ordinary interest income at the time it accrues or is received in accordance with such U.S. Holder's method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes. Original Issue Discount The Notes will be issued with original issue discount ("OID") for United States federal income tax purposes. The following summary is a general discussion of the United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of the purchase, ownership, and disposition of Notes issued with OID and that mature more than one year from the date of issuance. 97 For United States federal income tax purposes, OID is the excess of the stated redemption price at maturity of a Note over its issue price, if such excess equals or exceeds a de minimis amount (generally 1/4 of 1% of the Note's stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number of complete years to its maturity from its issue date). Generally, the issue price of a Note will equal the first price at which a substantial amount of such Notes has been sold (ignoring sales to bond houses, brokers, or similar persons or organizations acting in the capacity of underwriters, placement agents, or wholesalers). The stated redemption price at maturity of a Note is the sum of all payments provided by the Note other than qualified stated interest payments. The term "qualified stated interest" generally means stated interest that is unconditionally payable in cash or property (other than debt instruments of the issuer) at least annually at a single fixed rate. Because the Notes do not provide for the payment of qualified stated interest throughout their term, the stated redemption price at maturity will be the sum of the face amount of the Notes and the total amount of interest provided for under the terms of the Notes. Accordingly, the difference between the first price at which a substantial amount of the Notes are sold and the total amount payable under those Notes (principal and interest) will be OID that is includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder of the Notes on an annual basis. A U.S. Holder of a Note with a maturity date more than one year from the date of issue must include OID in income as ordinary interest for United States federal income tax purposes as it accrues under a constant yield method in advance of the cash payments attributable to such income, regardless of the U.S. Holder's regular method of tax accounting. In general, the amount of OID included in income by the initial U.S. Holder will be the sum of the daily portions of OID for each day during the taxable year (or portion of the taxable year) on which the U.S. Holder held the Note. The daily portion of OID is determined by allocating to each day in any accrual period (i.e., the interval between compounding dates) a ratable portion of the OID allocable to that accrual period. The amount of OID allocable to each accrual period generally is equal to the difference between the product of the Note's adjusted issue price at the beginning of the accrual period and its yield to maturity (determined on the basis of compounding at the close of each accrual period and appropriately adjusted to take into account the length of the particular accrual period). The adjusted issue price of a Note at the beginning of any accrual period is the sum of the issue price of the Note plus the amount of OID allocable to all prior accrual periods minus the amount of any prior payments on the Note that were not qualified stated interest payments. Under these rules, U.S. Holders of Notes generally will have to include in income increasingly greater amounts of OID over the life of the Notes. A U.S. Holder who purchases a Note for an amount that is greater than its adjusted issue price but less than or equal to the sum of all amounts payable on the Note after the purchase date (other than payments of qualified stated interest), will be considered to have purchased the Note at an acquisition premium. Under the acquisition premium rules, the amount of original issue discount that such sales may occur may haveU.S. Holder must include in its gross income with respect to the Note for any taxable year (or portion thereof in which the U.S. Holder holds the Note) will be reduced (but not below zero) by the portion of the acquisition premium properly allocable to the period. Market Discount If a U.S. Holder purchases a Note for an adverse impactamount that is less than its adjusted issue price as of the purchase date, the U.S. Holder will be treated as having purchased such Note at a market discount, unless such market discount is less than a specified de minimis amount. Under the market discount rules, a U.S. Holder will be required to treat any payment that does not constitute qualified stated interest on, or any gain realized on the sale, exchange, retirement, or other disposition of, a Note as ordinary income to the extent of the lesser of (i) the amount of such payment or realized gain, or (ii) the market discount which has not previously been included in income and is treated as having accrued on such Note at the time of such payment or disposition. Market discount will be considered to accrue ratably during the period from the date of acquisition to the maturity date of the Note, unless the U.S. Holder elects to accrue market prices. 48discount on the basis of semiannual compounding. A U.S. Holder may be required to defer the deduction of all or a portion of the interest paid or accrued on any indebtedness incurred or maintained to purchase or carry a Note with market discount until the maturity of the Note or certain earlier dispositions because a current deduction is only allowed to the extent the interest 98 50expense exceeds an allocable portion of market discount. A U.S. Holder may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues (on either a ratable or semiannual compounding basis), in which case the rules described above regarding the treatment as ordinary income of gain upon the disposition of the Note and upon the receipt of certain cash payments and regarding the deferral of interest deductions will not apply. Generally, such currently included market discount is treated as ordinary interest for United States federal income tax purposes. Such an election will apply to all debt instruments acquired by the U.S. Holder on or after the first day of the taxable year to which such election applies and may be revoked only with the consent of the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"). Premium If a U.S. Holder purchases a Note for an amount in excess of the sum of all amounts payable on the Note after the purchase date (other than payments of qualified stated interest), the Note will not be subject to the OID rules and the U.S. Holder may elect to treat such excess as amortizable bond premium, in which case the amount of qualified stated interest required to be included in the U.S. Holder's income each year with respect to interest on the Note will be reduced by the amount of amortizable bond premium allocable (based on the Note's yield to maturity) to such year. However, if such Note may be optionally redeemed after the U.S. Holder acquires the Note at a price in excess of its principal amount, special rules may apply. Any election to amortize bond premium applies to all taxable debt obligations then owned and thereafter acquired by the U.S. Holder and may be revoked only with the consent of the IRS. A U.S. Holder that does not elect to amortize bond premium generally will be entitled to treat the premium as capital loss when the Note matures. Election to Treat All Interest as OID U.S. Holders generally may, upon election, include in income all interest (including stated interest, acquisition discount, OID, de minimis OID, market discount, de minimis market discount, and unstated interest, as adjusted by any amortizable bond premium or acquisition premium) that accrues on a debt instrument by using the constant yield method applicable to OID, subject to certain limitations and exceptions. SALE, EXCHANGE, REDEMPTION, REPAYMENT, OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THE NOTES Upon the disposition of a Note by sale, exchange, redemption, or repayment, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the amount realized on such disposition (other than amounts attributable to accrued interest), and (ii) the U.S. Holder's tax basis in the Note. A U.S. Holder's tax basis in a Note generally will equal the U.S. dollar cost of the Note (net of accrued interest) to the U.S. Holder (which in the case of Note purchased with a Foreign Currency will be the U.S. dollar value of the purchase price on the date of purchase), increased by amounts includible in income as OID or market discount (if the U.S. Holder elects to include market discount in income on a current basis), and reduced by any amortized bond premium and any payments (other than payments of qualified stated interest) made on such Note. The amount realized by a U.S. Holder on the disposition of a Note for an amount in Foreign Currency will be the U.S. dollar value of such amount on the date of the disposition. Because the Note is held as a capital asset, such gain or loss (except to the extent that the market discount rules otherwise provide) will constitute capital gain or loss. In the case of a U.S. Holder who is an individual, any capital gain generally will be subject to United States federal income tax at preferential rates if specified minimum holding periods are met. FOREIGN CURRENCY NOTES The following discussion applies to U.S. Holders of the Notes because the Notes are denominated in a Foreign Currency (i.e., German deutsche marks) (Foreign Currency Notes). This discussion assumes that the Foreign Currency Notes are not denominated in, or indexed to, a currency that is considered a hyperinflationary currency. 99 Payments of Interest and OID In general, the amount of income recognized by a cash basis U.S. Holder of a Foreign Currency Note will be the U.S. dollar value of the interest payment, based on the spot rate in effect on the date of receipt, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Accrual basis U.S. Holders may determine the amount of income recognized with respect to such interest payment in accordance with either of two methods. Under the first method, the amount of income recognized will be based on the average exchange rate in effect during the interest accrual period (or, with respect to an accrual period that spans two taxable years, the partial period within the taxable year). Under the second method, an accrual basis U.S. Holder may elect to translate interest income into U.S. dollars at the spot rate in effect on the last day of the accrual period or, in the case of an accrual period that spans two taxable years, at the exchange rate in effect on the last day of the taxable year. Additionally, if a payment of interest is actually received within 5 business days of the last day of the accrual period or taxable year, an accrual basis U.S. Holder applying the second method instead may translate such accrued interest into U.S. dollars at the spot rate in effect on the day of actual receipt (in which case no exchange gain or loss will result). Any election to apply the second method will apply to all debt instruments held by the U.S. Holder at the beginning of the first taxable year to which the election applies or thereafter acquired by the U.S. Holder and may not be revoked without the consent of the IRS. Upon receipt of an interest payment (including a payment attributable to accrued but unpaid interest upon the sale or retirement of a Foreign Currency Note) determined by reference to a Foreign Currency, an accrual basis U.S. Holder will recognize exchange gain or loss (which will be treated as ordinary income or loss) if the exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt differs from the rate applicable to the previous accrual of that interest income. OID is determined in units of the Foreign Currency at the time of acquisition of the Foreign Currency Note and is translated into U.S. dollars in the same manner that an accrual basis U.S. Holder accrues stated interest. Exchange gain or loss will be determined when OID is considered paid to the extent the exchange rate on the date of payment differs from the exchange rate at which the OID was accrued. Amortizable Bond Premium Amortizable bond premium on a Foreign Currency Note will be computed in units of Foreign Currency and will reduce interest income in units of the Foreign Currency. At the time amortized bond premium offsets interest income, a U.S. Holder may realize ordinary income or loss, measured by the difference between exchange rates at that time and at the time of the acquisition of the Foreign Currency Note. Market Discount Market discount on a Foreign Currency Note is determined in units of the Foreign Currency. Accrued market discount that is required to be taken into account on the maturity or upon disposition of a Foreign Currency Note is translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the maturity or the disposition date, as the case may be (and no part is treated as exchange gain or loss). Accrued market discount currently includible in income by an electing U.S. Holder is translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for the accrual period (or the partial accrual period during which the U.S. Holder held the Foreign Currency Note), and exchange gain or loss is determined on maturity or disposition of the Foreign Currency Note (as the case may be) in the manner described above under Foreign Currency Notes-- Payments Of Interest And OID with respect to the computation of exchange gain or loss on the receipt of accrued interest by an accrual method holder. Exchange Gain or Loss Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange, repayment, retirement, or other disposition of a Foreign Currency Note that is attributable to changes in exchange rates will be treated as ordinary income or loss. However, exchange gain or loss is taken into account only to the extent of total gain or loss realized on the transaction. 100 Exchange of Amounts in Other Than U.S. Dollars The cost of a Foreign Currency Note to a U.S. Holder will be the U.S. dollar value of the Foreign Currency purchase price translated at the spot rate for the date of purchase (or, in some cases, the settlement date). Foreign Currency received as interest on a Note or on the sale, exchange, repayment, retirement, or other disposition of a Note will have a tax basis equal to its U.S. dollar value at the time such interest is received or at the time of such disposition, as the case may be. Foreign Currency that is purchased generally will have a tax basis equal to the U.S. dollar value of the Foreign Currency on the date of purchase. Any gain or loss recognized on a sale or other disposition of a Foreign Currency (including its use to purchase Foreign Currency Notes or upon exchange for U.S. dollars) will be ordinary income or loss. NON-U.S. HOLDERS The following is a brief summary of the United States federal income tax consequences that may be applicable to a holder of a Note other than a U.S. Holder (a "Non-U.S. Holder"). For purposes of the following discussion, interest (including OID) and gain on the sale, exchange, or other disposition of a Note will be considered "U.S. trade or business income" if such income or gain is (i) effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, or (ii) if a tax treaty applies, attributable to a permanent establishment in the United States. In addition, any Additional Amounts payable by the Company to a Non-U.S. Holder will be treated as interest for United States federal income tax purposes. INTEREST AND OID In general, any interest or OID paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of a Note will not be subject to United States federal income tax if (i) the interest or OID is not U.S. trade or business income, and (ii) as discussed below, either (A) with respect to such payment of interest or OID, the Company meets the 80% foreign business requirements of Section 861(c)(1) of the Code (the 80% foreign business requirements test), or (B) the interest or OID qualifies as "portfolio interest." United States federal income tax will not be imposed on any interest or OID paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of a Note if the 80% foreign business requirements test is satisfied. The 80% foreign business requirements test will be met generally if it is shown to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury that at least 80% of the gross income from all sources of the Company for the relevant testing period is active foreign business income. For purposes of this test, (i) the testing period is the three-year period ending with the close of the Company's taxable year immediately preceding the payment of interest or OID (or the taxable year of the payment if the Company had no gross income for such three-year period), and (ii) active foreign business income is gross income that is derived from sources outside the United States and is attributable to the active conduct of a trade or business in a foreign country or possession of the United States by the Company (or a subsidiary). If interest or OID is received by a "related person" (as defined in Section 861(c)(2)(B) of the Code), a portion of the payment would not qualify for exemption from United States federal income tax under the 80% foreign business requirements test. In addition, any interest or OID paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of a Note generally will not be subject to United States federal income tax if the interest or OID qualifies as portfolio interest. Interest or OID on the Notes generally will qualify as portfolio interest if (i) the Non-U.S. Holder does not actually or constructively own 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company entitled to vote, (ii) the Non- U.S. Holder is not a controlled foreign corporation (as defined in the Code) with respect to which the Company is a "related person" within the meaning of the Code, and (iii) either (A) the Non-U.S. Holder certifies to the Company or its agent under penalties of perjury that it is not a United States person and such certificate provides such Non-U.S. Holder's name and address, or (B) in the case of a Note held by a securities clearing organization, bank, or other financial institution that holds customers' securities in the ordinary course of its trade or business (a "financial institution"), the financial institution certifies to the Company or its agent under penalties of perjury that such certificate has been received from the Non-U.S. Holder by it or by another financial institution and the financial institution furnishes the payor with a copy of the Non-U.S. Holder's certificate. 101 If the 80% foreign business requirement test is not met and the interest or OID neither qualifies as portfolio interest nor is treated as U.S. trade or business income, the gross amount of the payment generally will be subject to United States withholding tax at the rate of 30%, unless such rate is reduced or eliminated by an applicable income tax treaty. U.S. trade or business income generally will be subject to United States federal income tax at regular rates in the same manner as if the Non-U.S. Holder were a U.S. Holder (and, in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation, such income, under certain circumstances, may be subject to an additional "branch profits tax" at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be applicable under an income tax treaty), but such income generally will not be subject to the 30% withholding tax. To claim the benefit of a lower or zero withholding rate under an income tax treaty or to claim exemption from withholding because the income is U.S. trade or business income, the Non-U.S. Holder must provide the payor with a properly executed IRS Form 1001 or 4224, respectively (or, in the case of payments made after December 31, 1998, IRS Form W-8) prior to the payment of interest or OID. SALE, EXCHANGE, REPAYMENT, RETIREMENT, OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF THE NOTES Any gain realized by a Non-U.S. Holder on the sale, exchange, repayment, retirement, or other disposition of a Note will not be subject to United States federal income or withholding taxes unless (i) such gain is U.S. trade or business income, or (ii) in the case of an individual, such Non-U.S. Holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more and certain other conditions are met. UNITED STATES FEDERAL ESTATE TAX Notes held by an individual who is neither a citizen nor a resident of the United States for United States federal estate tax purposes at the time of such individual's death will not be subject to United States federal estate tax unless (i) the Company would not meet the 80% foreign business requirements test (as described above under "Non-U.S. Holders--Interest And OID") with respect to any interest or OID on the Note were such interest or OID received by the Non-U.S. Holder at the time of death, and (ii) the income from such Notes would not qualify as portfolio interest (as described above under Non-U.S. Holders--Interest And OID), without regard to the certification requirements, if received by such individual at the time of his or her death. INFORMATION REPORTING AND BACKUP WITHHOLDING Payments made in respect of the Notes to a U.S. Holder must be reported by the Company to the IRS, unless the U.S. Holder is an exempt recipient or establishes an exemption. Generally, individuals are not exempt recipients, whereas corporations and certain other entities generally are exempt recipients. In addition, backup withholding of United States federal income tax at a rate of 31% may apply to payments made in respect of the Notes to U.S. Holders who are not exempt recipients and who fail to provide certain identifying information (such as the registered owner's taxpayer identification number) in the required manner. The Company will be required to report annually to the IRS and to each Non- U.S. Holder the amount of interest or OID paid to, and the amount of tax withheld with respect to, each Non-U.S. Holder. This information also may be made available to tax authorities in the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides in accordance with the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty. Under current Treasury Regulations, information reporting and backup withholding will not apply to payments of principal on the Notes by the Company or any agent thereof (in its capacity as such) to a Non-U.S. Holder of a Note if the Non-U.S. Holder has provided the required certification that it is not a United States person or has otherwise established an exemption, provided that neither the Company nor its agent has actual knowledge that the holder is a United States person or that the conditions of any exemption are not in fact satisfied. Compliance with the certification procedures described in the discussion of portfolio interest (see "--Non-U.S. Holders--Interest And OID") would establish an exemption for those non-U.S. Holders who are not exempt recipients. Payment of the proceeds from a sale of a Note to or through the U.S. office of a broker generally will be subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the holder or beneficial owner certifies as to its 102 taxpayer identification number (or, in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder, certifies its non-U.S. status) or otherwise establishes an exemption from information reporting and backup withholding. Payment of the proceeds from the sale of a Note to or through a foreign office of a broker will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding, except that if the broker is a United States person, a controlled foreign corporation for United States tax purposes, a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for the three-year period ending with the close of its taxable year preceding the payment was effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, then information reporting may apply to such payments. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a beneficial owner would be allowed as a refund or a credit against such beneficial owner's United States federal income tax provided the required information is furnished to the IRS. In October 1997, final Treasury Regulations were issued that effect the information reporting and backup withholding requirements applicable to payments in respect of a Note made after December 31, 1998. Holders of the Notes should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the possible application of such final regulations to any payments made in respect of the Notes. 103 UNDERWRITING Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreementa purchase agreement (the "Underwriting"Purchase Agreement") betweenamong the CompanyIssuer, Merrill Lynch Capital Markets Bank Limited Frankfurt/Main Branch, as lead manager and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated (together, the Underwriters named below (the "Underwriters"), the CompanyIssuer has agreed to sell to each of the Underwriters, and each of the Underwriters for whom ING Barings is acting as representative (the "Representative"), has severallyhave agreed to purchase from the Company,Issuer, DM aggregate principal amount at maturity of the numberNotes. Each of Shares (collectively, the "Shares")Underwriters has agreed to purchase the principal amount of the Notes set forth opposite its name below:below, if any Notes are purchased.
NUMBER UNDERWRITER OF SHARES - ----------- ----------PRINCIPAL INITIAL PURCHASERS AMOUNT ------------------ --------- ING Barings..................................................................... ---------- Total...................................................................... =========Merrill Lynch Capital Markets Bank Limited Frankfurt/Main Branch..... DM Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated................................................ ----- Total............................................................ DM =====
InThe Purchase Agreement provides that the Underwriting Agreement,obligation of the severalUnderwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the Notes is subject to, among other conditions, the delivery of certain legal opinions by its counsel. The Underwriters have agreed subject to reimburse the terms and conditions set forth therein, to purchase allCompany for $250,000 of the Shares if any such Shares are purchased. Inexpenses incurred in connection with the event of a default by any Underwriter,Offering. The Underwriters have advised the Underwriting Agreement providesIssuer that in certain circumstances, purchase commitments of the nondefaulting Underwriters may be increased or the Underwriting Agreement may be terminated. The Company has been advised by the Representative that the several Underwritersthey propose initially to offer the SharesNotes to the public at the price to public offering price set forth on the cover page hereof,of this Prospectus, and to certain dealers at such price less a concession not in excess of $% per Share.Note. The Underwriters may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a concessiondiscount not in excess of $% per ShareNote to certain other dealers. After the initial public offering,Offering, the public offering price, concession and such concessionsdiscount may be changed. A portionThe Issuer has agreed that it will not for a period of 180 days from the date of this Prospectus, without the consent of the sharesUnderwriters, directly or indirectly offer, sell, grant any option to purchase, or otherwise dispose of, Common Stock offered herebyany debt securities of the Issuer or securities of the Issuer that are being offered outsideconvertible into, or exchangeable for, the United States. Offers and sales of shares of Common Stock outsideNotes or such other debt securities. The Issuer has agreed to indemnify the United States are being made pursuant to Regulation S and such shares are not being registeredUnderwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the Underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof. The Underwriters do not intend to confirm sales of Notes offered hereby to any accounts over which it exercises discretionary authority. There is currently no public market for the Notes. Accordingly, there can be no assurance as to the liquidity of any market that may develop for the Notes, the ability of holders of the Notes to sell their Notes or at what price such holders would be able to sell their Notes. If such a market were to develop, the Notes could trade at prices that may be lower than the initial offering price thereof, depending on many factors, including prevailing interest rates, the Issuer's operating results and markets for similar debt securities. The Underwriters, have advised the Issuer that they currently intend to make a market in the Notes. However, they are not obligated to do so, and any market making with respect to the Notes may be discontinued at any time without notice at the sole discretion of the Underwriters. If an active public market does not develop, the market price and liquidity of the Notes may be adversely affected. The Issuer does not intend to apply for listing of the Notes on any national securities exchange or for quotation of the Notes through an automated quotation system. Historically, the market for non-investment grade debt has been subject to disruptions that have caused substantial volatility in the prices of securities similar to the Notes. There can be no assurance that the market for the Notes will not be subject to similar disruptions. Until the distribution of the Notes is completed, rules of the Commission may limit the ability of the Underwriter and certain selling group members to bid for and purchase the Notes. As an exception to these rules, 104 the Underwriters are permitted to engage in certain transactions that stabilize the price of the Notes. Such transactions consist of bids or purchases for the purpose of sales outsidepegging, fixing or maintaining the United States. A registration statement underprice of the Securities Act is in effect for offers and salesNotes. If Underwriters create a short position in the United States of shares of Common Stock that were initially offered or sold outsideNotes in connection with the United States. All sales of Shares on behalf of ING Barings in the United States will be conducted by its affiliate ING Baring (U.S.)Offering, i.e., Inc. The Company has granted to the Underwriters an option to purchase collectively up to 795,000 additional Shares exercisable for 30 days after the date hereof, solely to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering pricethey sell more Notes than are set forth on the cover page of this prospectus lessProspectus, the underwriting commissions. ToUnderwriters may reduce that short position by purchasing Notes in the open market. The Underwriters may also impose a penalty bid on selling group members. This means that if the Underwriters purchase Notes in the open market to reduce the short position or to stabilize the price of the Notes, they may reclaim the amount of the selling concession from selling group members who sold those Notes as part of the Offering. In general, purchases of a security for the purpose of stabilization or to reduce a short position could cause the price of the security to be higher than it might be in the absence of such purchases. The imposition of a penalty bid might also have an effect on the price of a security to the extent that it were to discourage resales of the security. Neither the Issuer nor the Underwriters exercise such option, each such Underwriter will be obligated, subjectmake any representation or prediction as to certain conditions, to purchase approximately the same percentagedirection or magnitude of such Sharesany effect that the numbertransactions described above may have on the price of Shares set forth next tothe Notes. In addition, neither the Issuer nor the Underwriters make any representation that the Underwriters will engage in such Underwriter's name in the preceding table in the Prospectustransaction or that such transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice. LEGAL MATTERS Certain legal matters relating to the Offering bears to the total number of all such Shares to be purchased and offered by the Underwriters. Prior to the Offering, there has been no established market in the United States or elsewhere for the Shares. The public offering price will be determined by the Company in consultation with the Underwriters. It is expected that the price determination will take several factors into account, including an assessment of the Company's results of operations, the future prospects of the Company and the prevailing market and economic conditions at the time of the Offering. 49 51 Subject to certain exceptions, the Company and shareholders of the Company holding in the aggregate 8,159,206 Shares and holders of options to purchase 2,041,830 Shares have agreed that they will not directly or indirectly offer or sell any Shares (or securities convertible into any Shares), other than in the Offering, for a period of 180 days after the commencement of the Offering without the prior written consent of the Representative. Application will be made to have the Common Stock approved for listing on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol "EEFT". The Underwriters do not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Company and the Selling Shareholders will indemnify the Underwriters against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. 50 52 VALIDITY OF SECURITIES The validity of the Shares offered herebyNotes will be passed upon for the CompanyIssuer by Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn, PLLC and for the Underwriters by Shearman & Sterling. EXPERTS The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company for the period from June 22, 1994 (inception) to December 31, 1994, the year ended December 31, 1995 and for the nine months ended September 30, 1996 and as of December 31, 1994 and 1995 and September 30, 1996, included in this Prospectus have been audited by KPMG Polska Sp. z o.o., independent public accountants, as indicated in their report with respect thereto, and are included herein in reliance upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing in giving said reports. 51auditing. 105 53 ANNEX A COUNTRY INFORMATION: HUNGARY AND POLAND The economic political and statistical information provided in this section is based on secondary sources available to the Company. The information included in this section does not purport to cover all aspects of the issues and matters discussed herein and should not be construed as doing so. THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY The following economic and exchange control information regarding the Republic of Hungary has been extracted from official publications of the National Bank of Hungary (the "NBH"), the Hungarian Ministry of Industry and the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. GENERAL The Republic of Hungary, which lies in Central Europe, covers an area of approximately 93,000 square kilometers. The population of Hungary, as estimated by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, was 10.2 million as of January 1, 1996, compared with 10.7 million in 1980. Approximately 62% of the total population lives in urban areas, and approximately 2.0 million people live in the capital, Budapest, which is Hungary's political, administrative, cultural and commercial center. In April 1996, Hungary joined the OECD. It has been an associate member of the European Union since December 1991. It is a member, together with Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, of the Central European Free Trade Association. GOVERNMENT During the late 1980s, the political system in Hungary underwent dramatic changes. In 1989 non-communist political parties were established and initial steps were taken toward the first free elections in the country since 1947. On October 23, 1989, the country's name was changed from "The Hungarian People's Republic" to the "Republic of Hungary" and the constitution was substantially amended. Under its new constitution, Hungary instituted a multiparty democratic government. In March and April 1990, the 386 members of Hungary's unicameral parliament were elected by popular vote for a term of four years. In 1994 the Hungarian Socialist Party joined with the Free Democrats to defeat the centre-right coalition government that had initiated reforms in 1989 and to form a coalition government with a 72% majority in parliament. Gyula Horn was elected Prime Minister. The next scheduled general election is in 1998. Parliament is the supreme legislative body of the Hungarian government (the "Government"). The President of Hungary, the Prime Minister, the members of the Constitutional Court, the president and vice-presidents of the State Audit Office, the president of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General are elected by a vote of Parliament. ECONOMY Since 1989, steps have been taken to accelerate the development of a market economy in Hungary. However, Hungary was not able to insulate itself from the downturn in economic activity that affected all of Central and Eastern Europe after the dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance ("COMECON"), an economic and trade organization sponsored by the former Soviet Union that included many formerly communist countries. GDP declined between 1990 and 1993. The fall in GDP during this period was mainly attributable to structural reform, the collapse in trade with the former COMECON countries and their lack of convertible currencies to pay for Hungarian exports, the embargo on trade with Yugoslavia and Bosnia and the recession in Eastern Europe. In 1994, however, GDP increased by 2.9%. In 1995, key economic indicators reflected mixed economic performance. The central budget deficit (excluding social security funds) stood at Hungarian forints ("HUF") 160.6 billion for 1995 and the current account deficit for 1995 was $2.48 billion. The rate of inflation (as measured by increases in consumer prices) A-1 54 increased to 28.2% in 1995 although unemployment fell during that period. Exports in 1995 were valued at HUF 1,622.0 billion. The trade deficit in 1995 was HUF 314.4 (US$ 2.56) billion and GDP increased by 1.5%. On March 12, 1995, the Hungarian government announced important economic and monetary policy reforms. These measures were intended to reduce government expenditures, narrow the foreign trade deficit, stabilize inflation, lower the rate of domestic consumption, stimulate domestic savings and promote corporate business activity. The measures included a 9% devaluation of the forint and the introduction of a "crawling peg" devaluation scheme, leading to an aggregate devaluation of approximately 29% in 1995. A temporary 8% supplementary duty was imposed on imports, excluding primary energy imports, investment goods and components for export products. The mandatory conversion of export revenues of businesses into forints was abolished. The measures also included reductions in certain social welfare benefits and salary ceilings in public sector jobs. The transition to a market-oriented economy in Hungary has had a significant impact on prices, wages and employment. By the end of 1990, the prices of over 90% of goods and services were free from regulation. Prices rose rapidly during late 1990 and early 1991 and consumer prices increased by 35% in 1991. The rate of inflation began to moderate during the latter half of 1991 and continued to subside in 1992 with the increase in consumer prices averaging 23% for the year. The rate of inflation, as measured by increases in consumer prices, remained fairly constant in 1993 at 22.5% and then declined to 18.8% in 1994. During 1995, the annual rate of inflation increased with consumer prices increasing by 28.2%. In 1995, price increases included a 50% rise in energy prices and a 31.1% rise in food prices. From 1990 to 1993, nominal wages increased, although at a slower rate than the increase in consumer prices over the same period. As a result, real wages in each year declined. In 1994, however, the increase in nominal wages exceeded the increase in consumer prices, causing real wages to grow. The monthly average nominal wage (before taxes) in Hungary in 1995 was HUF 38,900, 16.9% higher than in 1994. The unemployment rate in Hungary at December 31, 1992, was 13.2% with over 663,000 registered as unemployed. The number of registered unemployed at December 31, 1993 was 632,000, which represented an unemployment rate of 12.6%. Since 1993, unemployment has continued to decline. At December 31, 1994 the number of registered unemployed was 520,000, which represented an unemployment rate of 10.9%. At the end of 1995, the number of registered unemployed was 496,000 which represented an unemployment rate of 10.4%. EXCHANGE CONTROL Legislation was enacted in late 1995 by the Hungarian parliament to further liberalize foreign exchange for commercial transactions (Foreign Exchange Act, Law XCV 1995). This came into effect on January 1, 1996 and meets the requirements of both the International Monetary Fund (Section VIII) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on convertibility of current items. Pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Act, the forint is freely convertible except for capital movements and related transactions, which are controlled by the Hungarian Government through the NBH. Certain currency-related bank activities, other than those which involve foreign trade transactions, require the permission of the NBH. These include, without limitation: - transfer of credit abroad; - monetary exchange, whether into convertible currency or into HUF where payment is by convertible currency, or any other possession of convertible currency; - purchase, gift or other contracts related to domestic properties between Hungarian and foreign parties or by Hungarian parties for the benefit of foreign parties; and - the write-off of debt in convertible-currency. However, an important area exempt by statute from the general requirement of exchange control licensing is investment, including investment by an investment company in shares in Hungary by foreign parties. A-2 55 Currently, companies not established in duty-free zones may only maintain local currency books. However, a Hungarian company, which is either partly or wholly foreign-owned, may keep the cash portion of the foreign partners' capital contribution in a separate convertible-currency bank account. The convertible-currency account may also be used pay expenses abroad. Pursuant to this legislation, a Hungarian business may purchase convertible foreign currency to effect payments in connection with its business activities. Prior consent need not be obtained and there is no limit to the amount of foreign currency which may be purchased or received by that business in connection with those business activities. Any convertible foreign currency must either be remitted to a beneficiary abroad or back to Hungary to be deposited in a convertible foreign currency account with an authorized Hungarian financial institution. This account may be used both for payments out in the relevant foreign currency or for conversion into forints. Since April 1995, Hungarian companies have been able to deposit income from foreign trace contracts and foreign exchange loans in their hard currency account and to make payments from these accounts (similarly in hard currency) in respect of foreign trade contracts, interest or principal on foreign exchange loans or, with permission from the NBH, for other purposes. Hungarian companies may not conduct trade amongst themselves in a foreign currency. Money in a convertible currency may be converted into forints or other convertible currencies. POLAND GENERAL Poland is the largest economy in Central Europe. The country has a population of 38.5 million people. Poland occupies 313,000 square kilometers and is strategically located just south of the Baltic Sea with Germany to the West, the Czech and Slovak Republics to the South and Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Lithuania to the East. The country is divided into 99 counties and Warsaw, the capital, is the country's commercial and political center. In November 1996, Poland joined the OECD. It is an associate member of the European Union and hopes to be a full member by the year 2000. It is a member, together with Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, of the Central European Free Trade Area. GOVERNMENT In 1952 Poland adopted a constitution that institutionalized a system of de facto one-party rule by the Polish United Workers' Party (the "Polish Communist Party"). Government policy during this period was guided by a program of nationalization of industry, expropriation of large land holdings, central planning of the economy and the suppression of political dissent. Frequent political and economic crises occurred in the 1960s and 1970s. Solidarity, the first independent trade union in the Soviet bloc, was formed in 1980 and soon consolidated a growing popular discontent with the communist government. In April 1989, the communist government and the democratic opposition led by Solidarity agreed to a power-sharing arrangement and in June 1989 competitive elections to a bicameral Parliament were held. The overwhelming victory of Solidarity candidates in these elections for available seats in the Parliament signaled the end of the political monopoly of the Polish Communist Party. In May 1990, local elections were held in which Solidarity achieved a similar victory. In November 1990, Lech Walesa, who had played an historic role in the information and leadership of Solidarity, was elected President. In the first completely free parliamentary elections in 1991, 23 parties were elected to parliament with the largest party not having more than 14% of the seats. There were five governments between 1989 and 1993 and, following a change in the electoral procedure prior to the second general election in 1993, the national reform parties centered around the Union Democrats, a Solidarity-splinter group, were defeated. The three governments since then, including the current one under Prime Minister Cimoszewicz, have been based on the ex-communist Social Democrats (SLD) and the Polish Peasant Party (PSL). After Walesa's defeat in the presidential elections in November 1995, Aleksander Kwasniewski from the SLD became the new President. The next parliamentary election is scheduled to be held late in 1997. A-3 56 The present constitutional framework (the "Constitution") establishes Poland as a democratic republic with a bicameral Parliament, a President as head-of-state, a Council of Ministers and an independent judicial system. Under the Constitution, a bicameral Parliament comprised of upper chamber (the "Senate") and a lower chamber (the "Sejm") is elected by general election for a four-year term. All legislation must be approved by the Sejm and the Senate and signed by the President. Rejection of a bill by the Senate or by the President, however, can be overruled by a two-thirds majority in the Sejm. The President (with the approval of the Senate) or the Sejm may call a referendum on matters of extreme importance to the country. Judicial authority is vested in the Supreme Court, appellate, regional and lower courts. A separate Constitutional Tribunal has jurisdiction over all matters relating to the interpretation of the provisions of the Constitution. Since 1992, a special commission of the Parliament has been empowered by law to draft a new constitution. This commission is currently considering a number of proposals that vary widely in their approach to the separation of governmental powers and social and economic rights. No date has been set for adoption of a new constitution. ECONOMY Since the fall of the Communist government in 1989, Poland has embarked on a program of economic reform based on the transition to a market economy and private ownership. Existing privileges and subsidies were taken away from state owned enterprises, creating competitive opportunities for other economic entities. The tax system was reformed to provide equal tax treatment of all economic entities. Poland's transition to an open market, with reduced subsidies, devaluation of the Polish zloty ("PLN") to encourage exports and moderation of trade barriers, initially resulted in very high rates of inflation, which have since moderated somewhat. In a period of just over two years, the annual inflation rate, which exceeded 300% in 1989 and approached 600% in 1990, was reduced to approximately 70% in 1991, primarily through the introduction of a tight monetary policy with the cooperation of the International Monetary Fund. According to the Polish Central Office for Statistics, the rate of annual inflation as at March 1996, was 20.4%. In addition, Poland continues to have significant foreign debt. Efforts to curb inflation have had a recessionary effect during the early 1990s, which was compounded by the introduction of a large quantity of imported products with which domestic industry had difficulty competing. However, GDP growth for 1994 was 5.2% and was 7% for 1995. Unemployment stood at 14.3% in June 1996. FOREIGN EXCHANGE Poland was the first country in Central Europe to introduce the internal convertibility of its currency. Under an amendment to the Foreign Exchange Law introduced in December 1995, businesses are entitled to hold cash in both a PLN account and a foreign currency in a Polish bank. Transactions with foreign entities must be made in a foreign convertible currency. The average rate of exchange is set by the National Bank of Poland ("NBP") on the basis of a basket of hard currencies. Commercial banks set their own rates of exchange. Residents of Poland are free to keep, buy and sell foreign currency. There are many private exchange counters all over the country. The rate of exchange offered by private exchange counters varies but remains close to the NBP rate. Businesses are obliged to obtain a foreign exchange permit from the NBP in order to open an account abroad unless amounts deposited in such accounts are to be used for the payment of services rendered pursuant to contracts concluded with foreign entities. Hard currency loans for the purchase of goods or services abroad from foreign banks do not require foreign exchange permits from the NBP any longer, unless the term of such loan is longer than one year or its conditions are less favorable than those commonly applied in international financial markets. Also, hard currency credits from the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the European Investment Bank secured by Polish government guarantees and destined for financial or domestic investments are permitted. From February 1, 1996 companies with foreign participation are free to contract hard currency loans from their shareholders. The above activities, however, should be reported to the NBP. A-4 57 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PAGE ---------- Independent Auditors' Report...........................................................Report............................................. F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30,December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995 and 1994...1997............. F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, yearyears ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and for the period from June 22, 1994 through December 31, 1994.............................................................................1997..................................................... F-4 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders'Stockholders' Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, yearyears ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and for the period from June 22, 1994 through December 31, 1994.......................................................1997.................................. F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, yearyears ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and for the period from June 22, 1994 through December 31, 1994.............................................................................1997..................................................... F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.............................................Statements............................... F-7
F-1 58 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT The Board of Directors and Shareholders EURONET HOLDING N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES:Stockholders Euronet Services Inc.: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Euronet Holding N.V.Services Inc. and Subsidiaries (Euronet N.V.)subsidiaries as of September 30, 1996, and December 31, 19951997 and 1994,1996 and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders'stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the nine months ended September 30, 1996, yearyears in the three-year period ended December 31, 1995 and for the period from June 22, 1994 through December 31, 1994.1997. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of Euronet N.V.'sthe Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Euronet Holding N.V.Services Inc. and Subsidiariessubsidiaries at September 30, 1996, and December 31, 19951997 and 1994,1996, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the nine months ended September 30, 1996,years in the three- year period ended December 31, 1995 and for the period from June 22, 1994 through December 31, 19941997 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. KPMG Polska Sp. z o.o. Warsaw, Poland DecemberMarch 17, 19961998 F-2 59 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
DECEMBER 31, SEPTEMBER 30, ----------------------------------- 1996 1995 1994 -------------1997 ------- --------------- (IN THOUSANDS) ASSETS (IN THOUSANDS) ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents...................................equivalents................................. $ 7762,541 $ 411 $ 2,0367,516 Restricted cash (note 5).................................... 783 952 --4).................................. 152 847 Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $nil in 1996, 1995 and 1994.................. 90 33 --receivable................................. 172 647 Investment securities (market value of $175,100) (note 7)... 206 -- --(notes 5 and 6)..................... 194 31,944 Prepaid expenses and other current assets................... 242assets................. 433 1401,857 ------- ------- --------------- Total current assets................................... 2,097 1,829 2,176assets.................................... 3,492 42,811 Property, plant, and equipment, at cost (note 6): Equipment -- Automaticcost: Equipment--Automatic teller machines...................... 4,511 2,385 262 Office equipment............................................ 391 168 91 Computers................................................... 260 -- -- Software.................................................... 321 103 36,773 23,581 Vehicles and office equipment............................. 471 1,808 Computers and software.................................... 662 1,050 ------- ------- ------- 5,483 2,656 356-------- 7,906 26,439 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization.............. (531) (138) (5)amortization............ (622) (2,351) ------- ------- --------------- Net property, plant and equipment..................... 4,952 2,518 351 Loanequipment......................... 7,284 24,088 Loans receivable, excluding current portion (note 13).......... 16 24 --portion................. 21 21 Deposits for ATM leases..................................... 666 2,542 Deferred income taxes (note 9)................................ 367 148 --8).............................. 471 571 ------- ------- --------------- Total assets...........................................assets............................................ $11,934 $ 7,432 $ 4,519 $ 2,52770,033 ======= ======= =============== LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS'STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Trade accounts payable......................................payable.................................... $ 514 364 761,670 4,420 Short term borrowings (note 7).............................. 206 -- --6)............................ 194 158 Current installments of obligations under capital leases (note 8)7)................................................. 570 264 --637 3,140 Note payable -- shareholder (note 13).......................payable--shareholder................................. 262 161 -- Accrued expenses............................................ 915 514 29expenses.......................................... 98 1,597 ------- ------- --------------- Total current liabilities.............................. 2,467 1,303 105liabilities............................... 2,861 9,315 Obligations under capital leases, excluding current installments (note 8)....................................... 2,363 1,119 --7)...................................... 3,834 11,330 Other long-term liabilities................................... 60liabilities................................. 103 169 ------- -------- Total liabilities....................................... 6,798 20,814 ------- -------- Stockholders' equity (note 1): Common stock, $0.02 par value. Authorized 30,000,000 shares in 1997 and 2,100,000 in 1996; issued and outstanding 15,133,321 shares in 1997 and 499,100 shares in 1996.................................................. 10 304 Preferred stock, $0.02 par value. Authorized 10,000,000 shares in 1997, none issued and outstanding.............. -- -- ------- ------- ------- Total liabilities...................................... $ 4,890 $ 2,422 $ 105 ------- ------- ------- Shareholders' equity: Series A convertible preferred shares, $0.01stock, $0.02 par value. Authorized 5,600,000 shares;7,700,000 shares in 1996, issued and outstanding 4,419,800 shares (note 3)................................ 63 --in 1996............................ 88 -- Series B convertible preferred shares, $0.01stock, $0.02 par value. Authorized 6,300,000 shares;7,700,000 shares in 1996, issued and outstanding 4,200,000 shares (note 3)................................ 604,666,669 in 1996............................ 93 -- -- Common shares of Euronet N.V., $0.01 par value. Authorized 5,600,000 shares; issued and outstanding 499,100 shares (note 3)................................................. 7 -- -- Common shares of operating companies (note 3)............... -- 3,716 2,650 Additional paid in capital.................................. 6,612 550capital................................ 11,666 63,358 Treasury stock............................................ -- (4) Subscription receivable..................................... (3,000) -- --receivable................................... (500) (253) Accumulated losses.......................................... (1,942) (2,819) (457)losses........................................ (7,005) (14,970) Restricted reserve (note 4)................................. 742 650 2293)............................... 784 784 ------- -------- Total stockholders' equity.............................. 5,136 49,219 ------- ------- Total shareholders' equity............................. 2,542 2,097 2,422 ------- ------- --------------- Total liabilities and shareholders' equity.............stockholders' equity.............. $11,934 $ 7,432 $ 4,519 $ 2,52770,033 ======= ======= ===============
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-3 60 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE PERIOD NINE MONTHS FROM JUNE 22,YEARS ENDED YEAR ENDED 1994 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,----------------------------------------- 1995 1996 1995 19941997 ------------- ------------ -------------- ------------ (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) Revenues: Transaction fees.................................... $ 577fees................. $ 62 $ 1,198 $ 4,627 Other............................ -- Other............................................... 61 -- -- ---------- ------ ------63 663 ------------- ------------ ------------ Total revenues................................. 638revenues................. 62 --1,261 5,290 Operating expenses: ATM operating costs................................. 941costs.............. 510 411,176 5,172 Professional fees................................... 828fees................ 394 64 Salaries............................................ 7161,125 1,166 Salaries......................... 452 49989 3,796 Communication.................... 20 263 818 Rent and utilities............... 112 290 783 Travel and related costs......... 71 254 701 Fees and charges................. 112 427 458 Share compensation expense (note 9).............................. -- 4,172 108 Foreign exchange loss............................... 88loss/(gain)..... 158 2 Other............................................... 775 656 84 ---------- ------ ------79 (8) Other............................ 341 232 818 ------------- ------------ ------------ Total operating expenses....................... 3,348expenses........... 2,170 240 ---------- ------ ------9,007 13,812 ------------- ------------ ------------ Operating loss................................. (2,710)loss................. (2,108) (240)(7,746) (8,522) Other income/expense: Interest income..................................... 177income.................. 126 12225 1,609 Interest expense.................................... (241)expense................. (107) -- ---------- ------ ------ (64)(378) (1,152) ------------- ------------ ------------ 19 12 ---------- ------ ------(153) 457 ------------- ------------ ------------ Loss before income taxes....................... (2,774)tax benefit....................... (2,089) (228) Deferred(7,899) (8,065) Income tax benefit (note 9)....................... 2198)........ 148 -- ---------- ------ ------323 100 ------------- ------------ ------------ Net loss....................................... $ (2,555)loss....................... $ (1,941) $ (228) ========== ====== ====== Pro-forma loss(7,576) (7,965) ============= ============ ============ Loss per common share.......................share--basic and diluted (note 2(k))....................... $ (0.19) ========== Pro-forma number of common shares..................... 13,109,320 ==========(0.73) (0.56) ============= ============ ============
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-4 61 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS'STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
PREFERRED PREFERRED ADDITIONAL COMMON SHARES SHARESSTOCK STOCK PAID IN TREASURY SUBSCRIPTION ACCUMULATED RESTRICTED ACCUMULATED SHARESSTOCK SERIES A SERIES B CAPITAL STOCK RECEIVABLE LOSSES RESERVE LOSSES TOTAL ------ --------- --------- ---------- -------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------- ------ (IN THOUSANDS)------- Capital contributions....... 2,650 BALANCE JANUARY 1, 1995.... $2,650 -- -- -- -- -- -- 2,650 Current period loss... -- -- -- -- -- -- (228) (228) Transfer to restricted reserve............. -- -- -- -- --(457) 229 (229) -- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ------ ------ Balance December 31, 1994................ 2,650 -- -- -- -- 229 (457)$ 2,422 Capital contributions....... 1,066contributions (note 1)...........................1,066 -- -- 550 -- -- -- -- 1,616 Current year loss.....Net loss for 1995.......... -- -- -- -- -- -- (1,941) -- (1,941) Transfer to restricted reserve.............reserve................... -- -- -- -- -- -- (421) 421 (421) -- ------ --- ---- ------ --- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ------ ------ Balance December------- --- ------- BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 1995................1995.. 3,716 -- -- 550 -- -- (2,819) 650 (2,819) 2,097 Net loss up to March 27, 1996............1996...................... -- -- -- -- -- -- (657) -- (657) Transfer to restricted reserve.............reserve................... -- -- -- -- -- -- (48) 48 (48) -- Formation of holding company.............Euronet Services N.V. (note 1).... (3,709) 63 -- 122 -- -- 3,524 -- -- Capital contribution........contribution (note 1)........................ -- -- 60 5,940 (3,000)67 6,933 -- ( 500) -- -- 3,0006,500 Reimbursement of capital... -- -- -- (57) -- -- -- -- (57) Change in par value of shares.................... 3 25 26 (54) -- -- -- -- -- Share compensation expense (note 9).................. -- -- -- 4,172 -- -- -- -- 4,172 Net loss from March 28, 1996 through September 30, 1996................December 31, 1996...................... -- -- -- -- -- -- (1,898) (1,898)(6,919) -- (6,919) Transfer to restricted reserve.............reserve................... -- -- -- -- -- 44 (44) -- (86) 86 -- ------ --- ---- ------ --- ----- ------- --- ------- BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 1996.. 10 88 93 11,666 -- (500) (7,005) 784 5,136 GE Capital share issue (note 1).................. -- -- 11 2,989 -- -- -- -- 3,000 Formation of Euronet Services Inc. (note 1).... 192 (88) (104) -- -- -- -- -- -- Net proceeds from public offering (note 1)......... 77 -- -- 47,780 -- -- -- -- 47,857 Milestone awards and options exercised (note 9).................. 25 -- -- 815 -- (253) -- -- 587 Subscription paid (note 1)........................ -- -- -- -- -- 500 -- -- 500 Treasury stock repurchase (note 1).................. -- -- -- -- (4) -- -- -- (4) Share compensation expense (note 9).................. -- -- -- 108 -- -- -- -- 108 Net loss for 1997.......... -- -- -- -- -- -- (7,965) -- (7,965) ------ --- ---- ------ --- ----- ----- ----- ------ ----- ------ ------ Balance September 30, 1996................ 7 63 60 6,612 (3,000) 742 (1,942) 2,542------- --- ------- BALANCE DECEMBER 31, 1997.. $ 304 -- -- 63,358 (4) (253) (14,970) 784 $49,219 ====== === ==== ====== === ===== ===== ===== ===== ====== ===== ====== ============= === =======
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-5 62 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE PERIOD NINE MONTHS FROM JUNE 22, ENDED YEAR ENDED 1994 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,--------------------------- 1995 1996 1995 1994 ------------- ------------ --------------1997 -------- ------- -------- (IN THOUSANDS) (IN THOUSANDS)Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss.............................................. $(2,555)loss.......................................... $( 1,941) $(7,576) $ (1,941) $ (228)(7,965) Adjustments to reconcile net incomeloss to net cash used in operating activities: Share compensation expense....................... -- 4,172 108 Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment....... 393equipment................................... 133 5484 1,761 Loss on disposal of fixed assets................. -- -- 11 Deferred income taxes............................... (219)taxes............................ (148) -- Decrease/(increase)(323) (100) (Increase)/decrease in restricted cash.............. 169 (952) --cash........... (180) 28 (695) Increase in trade accounts receivable............... (57)receivable............ (33) --(139) (475) (Increase)/decrease in deposits for leases....... (772) 106 (1,876) Increase in trade accounts payable.................. 150payable............... 288 76 Decrease/(increase)1,306 2,750 Increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets................................... 191assets.......................................... (293) (140) Increase-- (1,424) Increase/(decrease) in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities...................................... 461liabilities........................... 485 29(313) 1,565 -------- ------- ------- --------------- Net cash used in operating activities.......... (1,467)activities............ (2,461) (258)(2,255) (6,340) -------- ------- -------- Cash flows from investing activities: Fixed asset purchases............................... (320)purchases............................ (394) (356)(1,061) (7,612) Proceeds from sale of fixed assets............... -- -- 42 Purchase of investment securities................... (206)securities................ -- (194) (75,692) Proceeds from maturity of investment securities.. -- -- 43,942 Net (increase)/decrease (increase) in loan receivable.......... 8receivable....... (24) 3 -- -------- ------- ------- --------------- Net cash used in investing activities.......... (518)activities............ (418) (356)(1,252) (39,320) -------- ------- -------- Cash flows from financing activities: Capital contributions............................... 3,000Proceeds from issuance of shares and other capital contributions........................... 1,616 2,6506,500 51,944 Reimbursement of capital......................... -- (57) -- Repayment of obligations under capital leases....... (957)leases.... (523) -- Proceeds from bank borrowings....................... 206(1,101) (1,007) Repurchase of treasury stock..................... -- -- (4) Decrease/(increase) in bank borrowings........... -- 194 (36) Proceeds fromfrom/(repayment of) loan from shareholder.................shareholder..................................... 161 101 161 --(262) -------- ------- ------- --------------- Net cash provided by financing activities...... 2,350activities........ 1,254 2,6505,637 50,635 -------- ------- ------- --------------- Net (decrease)/increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents......................................... 365equivalents...................................... (1,625) 2,0362,130 4,975 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period......period.. 2,036 411 2,036 -- ======= ======= =======2,541 -------- ------- -------- Cash and cash equivalents at end of period............ $ 776period........ $ 411 $ 2,0362,541 $ 7,516 ======== ======= ======= =============== Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: Interest paid during year........................... $ 227year........................ $ 107 $ --325 $ 877 ======== ======= ======= ===============
- -------- Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities:activities (in thousands): Capital lease obligations of $1,984$1,906, $4,189 and $1,906$11,006 during the nine-month period ended September 30, 1996 and the yearyears ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively, were incurred when Euronet N.V.the Company entered into leases primarily for new automatic teller machines. See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. F-6 63 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (1) ORGANIZATION AND FORMATION OF HOLDING COMPANY Euronet Services Inc. (the "Company") was established as a Delaware corporation on December 13, 1996 and capitalized on March 6, 1997. Euronet Services Inc. succeeded Euronet Holding N.V. as the group holding company. Euronet Services Inc. and Subsidiaries (Euronet N.V.its subsidiaries (collectively "Euronet") is an independent shared automatic teller machine (ATM) network and service provider to banks and financial institutions. Euronet N.V. serves a number of banks in Poland and Hungary by providing ATMs that accept cards with international logos such as VISA, American Express and Mastercard and proprietary bank cards issued by member banks. The subsidiaries of Euronet, all of which are wholly owned, are: --Euronet Holding N.V. is a limited liability company registered, incorporated in the Netherlands Antilles --Euronet-Bank Tech Rt. (Bank Tech), incorporated on March 11, 1996. It was formed as a holding company for the purpose of acquiring 100% ownership interest in the following three operating entities: Euronet-Bank 24 Rt, (Bank24), SatComNetHungary --SatComNet Kft (SatComNet), both incorporated in Hungary and Bankomat--Bankomat 24/Euronet Sp. z o.o. (Bankomat), incorporated in Poland.Poland --EFT-Usluge d o.o., incorporated in Croatia --Euronet Services GmbH, incorporated in Germany --Euronet Services France SAS, incorporated in France --Euronet Services spol. sro, incorporated in the Czech Republic The acquisitionfollowing is a description of these shares by the Euronet N.V. took place on March 27, 1996.events leading up to the formation of the Company. Bank 24 and Bankomat were legallyTech was established on June 22, 1994 by Michael Brown (Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Euronet) and Daniel Henry with an initial capital contribution of $10,000. Pursuant to a joint venture agreement dated July 19, 1994, certain new shareholders and Michael Brown contributed $2,640,000 in cash as additional capital to Bank Tech and Daniel Henry transferred his interest to Michael Brown for a purchase price equal to his original contribution. The additional capital raised by Bank Tech did not result in a new controlling group, accordingly the accounting bases of the assets and liabilities of Bank Tech remained unchanged. On February 20, 1995, the joint venture agreement was amended under which a new investor and a shareholder of Bank Tech acquired SatComNet for a purchase price of $491,000 in cash. SatComNet was a shell entity with no substantive operations before such date. SatComNet is engaged in telecommunication services by facilitating satellite link up to Bank Tech. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, accordingly, the results of operations of SatComNet are included in the consolidated statements of operations since the date of acquisition. The purchase price approximated the fair value of the net assets acquired, which mainly consisted of cash and equipment. Furthermore and pursuant to such amended joint venture agreement, the shareholders of SatComNet and a new shareholder agreed to contribute $956,000 in cash as additional capital to Bank Tech and also agreed to exchange their interest held in such companies to create identical ownership of Bank Tech and SatComNet. The capital raised by Bank Tech and the exchange of shares did not result in a new controlling group, accordingly, the accounting bases of the assets and liabilities of Bank Tech and SatComNet remained unchanged. Michael Brown established Bankomat on August 8, 1995 respectively; SatComNetwith $2,000 in capital. A further capital increase of $61,000 was acquired by an investor group on February 20, 1995. Bank 24 and SatComNet were, before the formation of Euronet N.V., owned by the same shareholder group. Bankomat was, before the formation of Euronet N.V., ownedmade by Michael Brown Chairmanon December 7, 1995. On February 15, 1996 the shareholders of Bank Tech and SatComNet terminated their amended joint venture agreement and entered into a shareholders' agreement reorganizing the ownership of Bank Tech, SatComNet and Bankomat. Under the shareholders' agreement, the investors contributed, on March 27, 1996, all of their shares and interest in Bank Tech, SatComNet and Bankomat in exchange for 499,100 common shares and 4,419,800 Series A convertible preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. and a major shareholder of Bank24 and SatComNet. The acquisition of the three operating entitiestransaction has been accounted for as a combination of entities under common control using an accounting methodat historical cost in a manner similar to the pooling of interestsinterest accounting. Under this method, the Company recorded the assets and liabilities received at their historical cost, common shares ($7,000) and Series A convertible preferred shares ($63,000) were established for the following periods: June 22, 1994 through December 31, 1994;par value F-7 EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) of the year ended December 31, 1995shares issued, accumulated losses were eliminated ($3,524,000) and the nine month period ended September 30, 1996.resulting difference was recorded as additional paid in capital ($122,000). In addition, new shareholders contributed $5,500,000 in cash and a subscription receivable of $500,000 to the capital of Euronet ServicesHolding N.V. in exchange for 4,200,000 Series B convertible preferred shares. On November 26, 1996, Euronet Holding N.V. called on a $1 million dollar standby commitment from certain existing investors (Poland Partners LP, Advent Partners LP, Advent Private Equity Fund-CELP, Poland Investment Fund LP, Hungarian Private Equity Fund and DST Systems Inc.) in return for 466,669 series B convertible preferred shares. On February 3, 1997, Euronet Holding N.V. signed a Subscription Agreement with General Electric Capital Corporation ("GE Capital") under which GE Capital purchased 710,507 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Shares of Euronet Holding N.V. for an aggregate purchase price of $3 million. Pursuant to the "claw back" option of this agreement, on June 16, 1997, the Company repurchased 292,607 shares of Euronet Holding N.V. at the original par value. The following table illustrates the issuance of equity securities by date, including the number of shares issued for cash or other consideration, the nature of the non-cash consideration received and the values assigned to each issuance up to the capitalization of the Company on March 6, 1997.
NUMBER OF SHARES ------------------------------------------------- BANK EURONET DATE TYPE OF SHARES TECH(/1/) SATCOMNET BANKOMAT HOLDING N.V. VALUE - ---- ------------------ --------- --------- -------- ------------ -------------- (IN THOUSANDS) June 22, 1994........... Common 1,044 -- -- -- $ 10 July 19, 1994........... Common 275,522 -- -- -- $2,640 ------ $2,650 February 20, 1995....... Common 53,434 1(/2/) -- -- $1,447 August 8, 1995.......... Common -- -- 3,140 -- $ 2 December 7, 1995........ (/3/) -- -- -- -- $ 167 ------ $1,616 March 27, 1996.......... Common -- -- -- 499,100 --(/4/) March 27, 1996.......... series A preferred -- -- -- 4,419,800 --(/4/) March 27 ,1996.......... series B preferred -- -- -- 4,200,000 $5,500(/5/) November 26, 1996....... series B preferred -- -- -- 466,669 $1,000 ------ $6,500 February 3, 1997........ series B preferred -- -- -- 710,507(/6/) $3,000
- -------- (1) On March 28, 1995, Bank Tech changed its legal structure from a company limited by quotas ( "Kft") to a company limited by shares ("RT"). Upon the transformation, the quotas were exchanged for 330,000 shares of common shares. (2) SatComNet's legal structure is a company limited by quotas. (3) No shares were issued at this date. Amount contributed was establishedrecorded as an increase to additional paid capital. The consideration includes $61,000 of non-cash contribution (2 ATMs) which was valued at the transferors' historical cost basis. (4) On March 27, 1996, the common shares and series A preferred shares were issued in exchange for the shares of Bank Tech, SatComNet and Bankomat. Such shares were recorded on an historical cost basis. (5) The value excludes $500,000 of subscription receivable. (6) On June 16, 1997, Euronet repurchased 292,607 shares at the original par value. F-8 EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) Effective March 5, 1997, Euronet Holding N.V. changed the stated par value of all common and preferred shares of the Company from $0.10 to $0.14. Euronet Holding N.V. then effected a Delaware corporationseven-for-one stock split which became effective on December 13, 1996 which will succeed Euronet N.V. asMarch 5, 1997, thus reducing the holding company. It is intended that (i)par value of such shares to $0.02. This change in par value and stock split was retroactively taken into account for common and preferred shares. Subsequently, effective March 6, 1997, the holders of all of the preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. will convertconverted all of such preferred shares into Common Shares of Euronet N.V. and (ii) Euronet N.V. will effect a seven-for-one stock split of all outstanding common shares of Euronet Holding N.V. On December 17, 1996,Pursuant to an Exchange Agreement which became effective on March 6, 1997, entered into between Euronet Services Inc. and the shareholders and optionholdersoption holders of Euronet Holding N.V. entered into an Exchange Agreement pursuant to which (i) 9,585,569, 10,296,076 shares of Common Stock will becommon stock in the Company were issued to the shareholders of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all the common shares of Euronet Holding N.V. (ii)In addition, options to acquire 3,113,355 shares of Common Stock will be grantedcommon stock of the Company were issued to the holders of options to acquire 3,113,355 Common Sharescommon shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all of such options and (iii) awards with respect to 800,520 shares of Common Stockcommon stock of Euronet Services Inc. will bethe Company were issued to the holders of awards with respect to 800,520 preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all such awards (the "Reorganization"). Euronet N.V. will be dissolved followingawards. On March 7, 1997, the Reorganization. The Reorganization is subject to and will be effective upon the execution of an underwriting agreement in connection withCompany consummated an initial public offering of 6,095,000 shares of common stock at a price of $13.50 per share. Of the Common Stock6,095,000 shares sold, 3,833,650 shares were sold by the Company and 2,261,350 shares by certain selling shareholders. Net proceeds to the Company were approximately $47.9 million after deduction of the underwriting discount and other expenses of the offering. The following table provides a summary of common stock issued since the establishment of Euronet Services Inc. in December 1996:
NUMBER DATE OF SHARES -------------- ---------- Exchange agreement with Euronet Holding N.V. ..... March 6, 1997 10,296,076 Exercise of awards in the initial public offering .................................................. March 7, 1997 800,520 Stock options exercised in the initial public offering ......................................... March 7, 1997 304,822 Shares issued in the initial public offering ...... March 7, 1997 3,038,650 Additional shares issued in the initial public offering to cover over-allotment ................. March 16, 1997 795,000 Repurchase of GE Capital shares ................... June 16, 1997 (292,607) Stock options exercised ........................... Various 190,860 ---------- 15,133,321 ==========
(2) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PRACTICES (a) Basis of presentation The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. The financial statements for 1994, 1995 and for the period from January 1, 19961995 through March 27, 1996 have been presented as if the operating entities had been combined from their respective dates of incorporation/acquisition. SubsequentFor the period from March 27, 1996 to March 27, 1996,6, 1997 the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Euronet Holding N.V. and its subsidiaries. Subsequent to March 6, 1997 the consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements. F-7eliminated. F-9 64 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) (b) Transfer of non monetary assets The transfer of the share holdings held by the shareholders in Bank 24, SatComNet and Bankomat in exchange for shares in Euronet Holding N.V. have been recorded at the underlying net equity of the operating entities.entities which is the historical cost. The formation of the Euronet Services Inc. has also been accounted for at historical cost. The transfer of assets by shareholders have been recorded at the transferors' historical cost basis. (c) Foreign currencies Foreign currency translation The accounts of Euronet N.V. are recorded using U.S. dollars as the functional currency which represents the currency of the primary economic environments in which Euronet N.V. operates. Euronet N.V. applies Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 52 relative to the translation of foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars and accounting for foreign currency transactions. Under this statement, monetary assets and liabilities are translated at current exchange rates and non monetary assets, liabilities and shareholders' equitytransactions are recorded at historicalthe exchange rates. Exchange gains and losses resulting from remeasurementrate prevailing at the date of assetsthe transactions. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in income when they occur.remeasured at rates of exchange at balance sheet date. Gains and losses resulting from the translation ofon foreign currency transactions are included in the income statement when they occur.of operations. The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency are translated to U.S. dollars using (i) exchange rates in effect at period end for assets and liabilities, and (ii) average exchange rates during the period for results of operations. Adjustments resulting from translation of financial statements are reflected as a separate component of stockholders' equity. The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the functional currency in the U.S. dollar are remeasured using historical exchange rates for non-monetary items while current exchange rates are used for monetary items. Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from the remeasurement are reported in the statement of operations. (d) Property, plant and equipment Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost. Equipment under capital leases are stated at the lesser of fair value of the leased equipment and the present value of future minimum lease payments. Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Equipment held under capital leases and leasehold improvements are amortized straight line over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation ratesand amortization periods are as follows: Automatic teller machines..................................machines................................ 7 years Computers.................................................. 3 years Software...................................................Computers and software................................... 3 years Vehicles & Equipment.......................................office equipment.............................. 5 years Cassettes................................................ 1 year Leasehold improvements................................... Over the lease term
(e) Impairment of long-lived assets Euronet N.V. assesses the recoverability of long-lived assets (mainly property, plant and equipment) by determining whether the carrying value of the fixed assets can be recovered over the remaining lives through projected undiscounted future operating cash flows.flows expected to be generated by the assets. If an impairment in value is estimated to have occurred, the assets carrying value is reduced to its estimated fair value. The assessment of the recoverability of long-lived assets will be impacted if estimated future operating cash flows are not achieved. F-10 EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) (f) Income taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the income in the period that includes the enactment date. F-8 65 EURONET HOLDING N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED) Valuation allowancesA valuation allowance for deferred tax assets havehas been established on the basis of Euronet N.V.'sthe Company's estimate of taxable income for future periods. (g) Risks and uncertainties Euronet N.V. operates in one business segment through operations in Hungary and Poland. Euronet N.V., at this time, isremains dependent on a limited group of customers and network services are limited to those areas where ATMs have been installed. Management of Euronet N.V.The Company has made a number of estimates and assumptions related to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities to prepare these financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Actual results could differ from those estimates. (h) Revenue recognition Euronet N.V. recognizes revenue at the point at which the service is performed. (i) Cash equivalents For the purposes of the statementstatements of cash flows, Euronet N.V.the Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. (j) Investment securities Investment securities at September 30, 1996 consist of Hungarian government bonds which Euronet N.V.The Company has classified all of its investment securities as held-to-maturity (gross unrealised losses are approximately $31,000).held-to- maturity. Held-to-maturity securities are those securities in which Euronet N.V.the Company has the ability and intent to hold the security to maturity. The held-to-maturity investmentHeld-to- maturity securities are recorded at amortized cost, adjusted for the amortization or accretion of premium and discounts. A decline in the market value of any held-to-maturity security below cost that is deemed other than temporary results in a reduction in the carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged to earnings and a new cost basis for the security is established. Premium and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life ofor term of the related held-to-maturity security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. (k) Pro-formaLoss per share The Company, effective for the year ended December 31, 1997, adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128, "Earnings per Share." Pursuant to the provisions of the statement, basic loss per share Ashas been computed by dividing net loss attributable to common shareholders by the historicalweighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The effect of potential common shares (stock options outstanding) is antidilutive. Accordingly, dilutive loss per share does not assume the exercise of stock options outstanding. F-11 EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator in the loss per share calculation:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ------------------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 ----------- ----------- ----------- Net loss attributable to common shareholders (in thousands)....... (1,941) (7,576) (7,965) Weighted average number of common shares outstanding................ 10,386,089 10,386,089 14,284,917 Loss per share--basic and diluted.. $ (0.19) $ (0.73) $ (0.56)
The capital structure of Euronet N.V.the Company before March 7, 1997 (consummation of the initial public offering) is not indicative of the continuing capital structure, the historicalstructure. The loss per share hasamounts for prior years have been replaced by a pro-forma loss per share computation.restated to conform with the provisions of SFAS No. 128. The pro-forma loss per share has been calculated by dividing the net loss by the pro-formaweighted average number of shares amounting to 13,109,320. The pro-forma number of shares reflectsoutstanding for the years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995 represents the sum of (1) 10,641,532(i) 9,585,569 shares of common shares issued andstock outstanding at December 31, 1996 (adjusted to reflect the conversion of the new holding company, Euronet Services Inc.preferred shares to common stock, reduction in par value and the seven-to-one stock split resulting from the initial public offering) and, (ii) 800,520 shares of common stock awarded to shareholders in connection with the initial public offering, which pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Commission's Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 98 are deemed to be nominal issuances for all periods presented. (l) Stock-based compensation SFAS No. 123 "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation", (2) 1,519,002 shares issuable (usingencourages but does not require companies to record compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation plans at fair value. The Company has chosen to account for stock- based compensation using the treasury stock method) under Euronet N.V.'s milestone stock option program,intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and (3) 948,786 shares issuable (usingrelated Interpretations. Accordingly, compensation cost for share options is measured as the treasury stock method) under Euronet N.V.'s stock compensation plan. (3) CAPITAL STOCK Euronet Holding N.V. was established on the basisexcess, if any, of the Articlesfair market value of Incorporation dated March 11, 1996. Euronet N.V. registeredthe Company's shares at the date of the grant over the exercise price. Such compensation cost is charged to expense on a ten for one stock split on October 11, 1996. The par value changed from $1.00 to $0.10 for all preferred and common shares authorized and issuedstraight-line basis over the vesting period of the respective options. If vesting is accelerated as a result of certain milestones, the stock split. Upon formationunrecognized compensation would be recorded as expense on the date such milestones have or have been deemed to have been achieved. The Company has adopted the disclosure-only provisions of Euronet Inc., Euronet N.V.'s preferred and common shares authorized and issued will reflect a further stock split of seven for one and the par value will change from $0.10SFAS No. 123 (refer to $0.01. All referencesnote (9)). (m) Reclassifications Certain amounts have been reclassified in the prior year financial statements to the number of shares and per share amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the increased number of preferred and common shares outstanding. F-9 66 EURONET HOLDING N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED) On September 26, 1996, Euronet N.V. called $2 million of the subscription receivable which was received subsequent to September 30, 1996. On December 11, 1996, the remaining $1 million of subscription receivable was called. In accordance with the Articles of Association of Euronet Holding N.V., holders of series B convertible preferred shares are entitled to priority earnings' distribution,conform to the extent possible, as determined by a fixed formula. Profits available for distribution after this deduction are then allocated to both holders of series A and B convertible preferred shares, to the extent possible, as determined by a fixed formula. Common shareholders are entitled to a fixed dividend of $0.80 per common shares, to the extent possible, after the second priority earnings' distribution. The remaining profits available for distribution, to the extent possible, shall be allocated to all shareholders on a pro rata basis. In the event of liquidation of Euronet N.V., holders of series B convertible preferred shares shall be entitled to receive, to the extent possible, in priority to any distribution to the holders of series A and common shares, a distribution determined in accordance with a fixed formula. From the net assets that remain after this payment the holders of series A and B convertible preferred shares shall be entitled to receive, to the extent possible, in priority to any distribution to the holders of common shares, a distribution determined in accordance with a fixed formula. The balance that remains shall be distributed among the holders of common shares pro rata based on their respective ownership of common shares. Holders of convertible preferred shares may have their shares converted into common shares at the rate of one to one. Holders of series B convertible preferred shares may have their shares converted into series A convertible preferred shares at the rate of one to one. Euronet N.V. has the option to convert all preferred series A and B shares to common shares upon the undertaking of an initial public offering. Prior to Euronet N.V. being established on March 11, 1996, the common shares of the entities forming part of the combination were Bank 24, SatComNet and Bankomat. The share capital (and quota capital with respect to SatComNet) of the combined entities is composed fully of common shares. Details of shares authorized and issued are as follows:
QUOTA AUTHORIZED ISSUED TOTAL CAPITAL SHARES SHARES VALUE ------- ---------- ------- ------ Bank 24................................................ -- 330,000 330,000 $3,162 SatComNet.............................................. 1 -- -- $ 491 Bankomat............................................... -- 3,140 3,140 $ 63
During 1995, Bank 24 changed its legal structure from a company limited by quotas ("Kft") to a company limited by shares ("Rt"). (4)1997 financial statements presentation. (3) RESTRICTED RESERVE The restricted reserve arisesarose from the provisions of Hungarian accounting law in relation to share capital contributed in foreign currency to Bank 24Tech and SatComNet. Under these rules, a foreign currency capital contribution is recorded in the local accounting records of the companies using the rate when the capital was contributed. The foreign currency gain (or loss) which arises upon usage of the foreign currency is booked directly torecorded as a separate non distributable reserve. ForThe reserve has remained frozen during the purposes of these consolidated financial statements,year as the exchange gainslaws in Hungary have now changed and losses booked tono longer require this reserve under Hungarian accounting law, together withaccounting. However, the gain on revaluing the remaining foreign currency received for capital at each period end in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, have been includedchange in the income statement forlaw is not retroactive and the year with an equivalent transfer for the accumulated losshistorical reserve to the restricted reserve. F-10remains undistributable. F-12 67 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) (5)(4) RESTRICTED CASH Euronet N.V. has two primary types ofThe restricted cash balances at September 30,balance as of December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995. Bankomat and Bank 24 have deposits with banks1997 were as security with respect to their supplying cash to the ATMs,follows:
DECEMBER 31, ------------- 1996 1997 ------ ------ ATM deposits................................................... $ 152 $ 347 Other.......................................................... -- 500 ------ ------ $ 152 $ 847 ====== ======
The ATM deposit balances held are equivalent to the amountvalue of certain banks' cash held in machines at the balance sheet dates. These deposits have been classified as restricted cash. Bank 24Euronet's ATM network. The Company also has deposits with a commercial bankbanks to cover guarantees and deposits with customs officials to cover potential charges,charges. (5) INVESTMENT SECURITIES The amortized cost for short-term held-to-maturity securities by class security type at December 31, 1996 and with their leasing company1997, were as a minimum deposit related to the lease of ATMs (see note 8). Following is a detail of restricted cash balances at each balance sheet date:follows:
SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, -------------- 1996 1995 ------------- ------------ (IN THOUSANDS) Restricted cash for ATM deposits -- Poland...................... $ 48 $ -- Restricted cash for ATM deposits -- Hungary..................... 127 180 Restricted cash for deposits -- Hungary......................... 608 772 ---- ---- Total restricted cash........................................... $ 783 $952 ==== ====
(6) PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT
VEHICLES & SOFTWARE ATMS COMPUTERS EQUIPMENT TOTAL -------- ----- --------- ---------- -----1997 -------------- (IN THOUSANDS) Cost: Balance at June 22, 1994......................U.S. State and Municipal obligations......................... $ -- $ 12,448 Corporate debentures......................................... -- 8,298 U.S. Federal Agency obligations.............................. -- -- -- Additions..................................... 3 262 -- 91 356 ---7,967 Foreign government obligations............................... 194 3,231 ----- --- --- ----- Balance at December 31, 1994.................. 3 262 -- 91 356 Additions..................................... 100 2,123 77 2,300 --- ----- --- --- ----- Balance at December 31, 1995.................. 103 2,385 -- 168 2,656 Additions..................................... 218 2,126 260 230 2,834 Disposals..................................... -- -- -- (7) (7) --- ----- --- --- ----- Balance at September 30, 1996................. 321 4,511 260 391 5,483 ====== ===== ======== ========-------- Total...................................................... $ 194 $ 31,944 ===== Accumulated Depreciation: Balance at June 22, 1994...................... -- -- -- -- -- Additions..................................... -- -- -- 5 5 --- ----- --- --- ----- Balance at December 31, 1994.................. -- -- -- 5 5 Additions..................................... 7 110 -- 16 133 --- ----- --- --- ----- Balance at December 31, 1995.................. 7 110 -- 21 138 Additions..................................... 27 302 14 50 393 --- ----- --- --- ----- Balance at September 30, 1996................. 34 412 14 71 531 ====== ===== ======== ======== =====
(7)The carrying value of these investment securities at December 31, 1996 and 1997 approximates fair market value. (6) SHORT TERM BORROWINGS Short term borrowings represents arepresent Hungarian forint denominated loan of $206,000loans granted by a commercial bank in Hungary to permit such bank to supply cash to the ATM network. ThisThe loan originated April 4, 1996 andoutstanding at December 31, 1997 is due on March 18, 1997June 16, 1998 together with interest accrued at 27%. F-11Euronet has collateralized this loan by the pledge of certain investment securities with a value approximately the outstanding balance of the loan. (7) LEASES (a) Capital leases The Company leases the majority of its ATMs under capital lease agreements that expire between 1999 and 2002 and bear interest at rates between 11% and 15%. Lease installments are paid on a monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. Euronet has the right to extend the term of certain leases at the conclusion of the lease period. In addition to the related equipment, one lease in Poland is secured by a pledge of certain accounts receivable and a letter of credit from a commercial bank. A related entity, Windham Technologies Inc. has the option to purchase the ATMs under capital lease in Hungary at the end of the lease term at a bargain purchase price of $1 plus incidental expenses (see note [11]). F-13 68 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) Euronet N.V.also has collateralised this loan by the pledge of investment securities amounting to $206,000, bearing interest at 29% maturing on March 18, 1997. (8) LEASES (a) Capital leases Euronet N.V. leases the majority of its ATMs in Poland and Hungary under two principal capital lease agreements that expire in July 1999 and January 2001, respectively. The leases bear interest at 15% and 11%, respectively and are payable in monthly and semi-annual installments. Euronet N.V. also leases an IBM AS400 computerfor computers for use as its central processing and authorization center for ATM transactions. This three yearOne lease withhas a term of July 1, 1996 through September 30,expiring in 1999 bearsand the other in 2000 and they bear interest at a rate of 15% and is12%, respectively, and are payable in quarterly installments of $24,000.quarterly. The gross amount of the ATMs and IBM computer and related accumulated amortization recorded under capital leases were as follows:
SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, --------------- 1996 1995 ------------- ------------1997 ------ ------- (IN THOUSANDS) (IN THOUSANDS) ATMs............................................................ $ 3,666 $1,906 IBM computer.................................................... 224 -- ----- ----- 3,890 1,906ATMs........................................................ $5,870 $15,940 Other....................................................... 225 1,161 ------ ------- 6,095 17,101 Less accumulated amortization................................... (331) (96) ----- -----amortization............................... (410) (1,811) ------ ------- Net book value.................................................. $ 3,559 $1,810 ===== =====value.............................................. $5,685 $15,290 ====== =======
Amortization of assets held under capital leases, isamounted to $96,000, $1,314,000 and $1,401,000 for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. These amounts are included with depreciation expense. (b) Operating leases Euronet N.V.The Company also has noncancelablenon-cancellable operating rental leases for office space which expire over the next 2 to 45 years. Rent expense under these leases amounted to $234,000, $158,000, $270,000 and $66,000,$433,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, yearyears ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and for the period from June 22, 1994 through December 31, 1994,1997, respectively. F-12 69 EURONET HOLDING N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED) (c) Future minimum lease payments Future minimum lease payments under the capital leases and the noncancelablenon- cancellable operating leaseslease (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of September 30, 1996December 31, 1997 are:
CAPITAL OPERATING LEASES LEASES ------- --------- (IN THOUSANDS) (IN THOUSANDS) Year ending September 30, 1997.................................................................December 31, 1998.................................................. $ 8785,031 $ 292 1998................................................................. 955 150 1999................................................................. 1,023 140 2000................................................................. 601 147 2001................................................................. 301 -- ------ ------962 1999.................................................. 5,536 1,007 2000.................................................. 5,256 1,007 2001.................................................. 1,103 1,007 2002.................................................. 959 1,007 ------- Total minimum lease payments...................................... 3,758 $ 729 ======payments............................ 17,885 Less amounts representing interest..................................... (825) ------interest...................... (3,415) ------- Present value of net minimum capital lease payments.................... 2,933payments..... 14,470 Less current installments of obligations under capital leases.......... 570 ------leases................................................. (3,140) ------- Long term capital lease obligations.................................... $ 2,363 ======obligations..................... $11,330 =======
(9)F-14 EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) (8) INCOME TAXES The income tax benefit consisted of the following:
FOR THE PERIOD NINE MONTHS FROM JUNE 22, ENDED YEAR ENDED 1994 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,------------------------- 1995 1996 1995 1994 ------------- ------------ --------------1997 ------- ------- ------- (IN THOUSANDS) (IN THOUSANDS) Current tax expense Netherlands Antilles...............................expense: U.S. Federal.................................. -- -- -- Europe.............................................Netherlands Antilles.......................... -- -- -- ----- ----- -----Europe........................................ -- -- -- ------- ------- ------- Total current......................................current............................... -- -- -- Deferred tax expense Netherlands Antilles...............................benefit: U.S. Federal.................................. -- -- -- Europe............................................. (219) (148)Netherlands Antilles.......................... -- ----- ----- ------- -- Europe........................................ $ 148 $ 323 $ 100 ------- ------- ------- Total deferred..................................... (219) (148) -- ===== ===== =====
F-13 70 EURONET HOLDING N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED) The sources of lossdeferred.............................. 148 323 100 ======= ======= ======= Total income taxes.......................... $ 148 $ 323 $ 100 ======= ======= ======= The sources of income/(loss) before income taxes are presented as follows:
FOR THE PERIOD NINE MONTHS FROM JUNE 22, ENDED YEAR ENDED 1994 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, 1996 1995 1994 ------------- ------------ -------------- (IN THOUSANDS) Netherlands Antilles............................... 287United States................................. -- -- Europe............................................. 2,354 1,967 163 ----- ----- -----(353) Netherlands Antilles.......................... (2,089) (4,416) 425 Europe........................................ (2,089) (3,483) (8,137) ------- ------- ------- Loss before income taxes........................... 2,641 1,967 163 ===== ===== =====
The difference between the actual income tax benefit and the tax benefit computed by applying the statutory income tax rate to losses before taxes is attributable to the following:
SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, 1996 1995 1994 ------------- ------------ ------------ (IN THOUSANDS) Income tax benefit at statutory rates............. 156 427 82 Non-deductible expenses........................... (18) (153) (23) Tax holiday....................................... (6) (8) -- Foreign tax benefit............................... 497 -- -- Valuation allowance............................... (410) (118) (59) ----- ----- ----- Actual income tax benefit......................... 219 148 -- ===== ===== =====taxes.................... $(2,089) $(7,899) $(8,065) ======= ======= =======
The income tax benefit has been calculated on the basis of the taxable losses of the combined entities for the period June 22, 1994 through December 31, 1994, the year ended December 31, 1995 and the period January 1, 1996 through March 27, 1996. Upon formation of Euronet Holding N.V. on March 27, 1996 and through March 7, 1997, the income tax benefit was calculated solely on the basis of the taxable loss of Euronet Holding N.V. Subsequent to March 7, 1997, the income tax benefit was calculated solely on the basis of the taxable loss of the Company. The difference between the actual income tax benefit and the tax benefit computed by applying the statutory income tax rate (34% for United States, 3% for Netherlands Antilles, 18% for Hungary and 38% for Poland) to losses before taxes is attributable to the following:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, --------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 ------- ------- --------- (IN THOUSANDS) Income tax benefit at statutory rates......... $ 427 $ 267 $ 2,742 Non-deductible expenses....................... (153) (209) (261) Tax-exempt interest........................... -- -- 265 Stock options exercised....................... -- -- 1,006 Stock options granted in prior year........... -- -- 1,402 Foreign currency gains and losses............. -- -- 542 Tax holiday................................... (8) (4) -- Difference in foreign tax rates............... -- 806 44 Adjustment to deferred tax asset for enacted changes in tax rates......................... -- -- (113) Utilization of tax loss carried forward....... -- -- 145 Change in valuation allowance................. (118) (537) (5,672) ------- ------- --------- Actual income tax benefit..................... $ 148 $ 323 $ 100 ======= ======= =========
F-15 EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) As a result of the formation of the Company a portion of the stock compensation cost recorded in 1996 became a temporary difference for which the Company recognized a gross deferred tax asset of $1,402,404 in 1997. A valuation allowance for this deferred tax asset was established. During 1997, certain of the stock options were exercised resulting in a deduction of $1,005,937 in the Company's tax return. Because of the tax loss position of the Company in the United States, this tax deduction has not been realized but recharacterized as a tax loss carryforward. The Company has also established a valuation allowance for the deferred tax asset resulting from the tax loss carryforward in the United States. Should this tax loss carryforward be utilized in the future, $951,553 of the tax benefit would be recorded as an adjustment to additional paid in capital. The tax effect of temporary differences and carryforwards which give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
SEPTEMBER 30, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,--------------- 1996 1995 1994 ------------- ------------ ------------1997 ------- ------- (IN THOUSANDS) Tax loss carryforwards............................ 754 233 59 Leasing........................................... 4 12carryforwards...................................... 989 4,808 Leasing..................................................... 5 167 Leasehold improvements...................................... 48 82 Stock compensation costs.................................... -- Leasehold improvements............................ 32 211,402 Unrealised exchange rate differences........................ -- Interest accrual.................................. 5934 Accrued expenses............................................ 84 321 Other....................................................... -- -- Other accruals.................................... 46 -- -- ----- ----- ----84 ------ ------- Deferred tax asset................................ 895 266 59asset.......................................... 1,126 6,898 Valuation allowance............................... (528) (118) (59) ----- ----- ----allowance......................................... (655) (6,327) ------ ------- Net deferred tax assets........................... 367 148 -- ===== ===== ====assets..................................... 471 571 ====== =======
The valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets established under SFAS No. 109 for loss carryforwards at December 31, 1996 and 1997 of $3,687,000.$8,686,000 and $19,989,000, respectively. The tax operating loss carryforwards will expire through 19992000 for Bankomat and through 20012002 for Bank 24,Tech, SatComNet and Euronet Holding N.V. The tax operating losses for Euronet Services Inc. and Euronet Services GmbH can be carried forward indefinitely. Based on Euronet N.V.'sthe Company's forecast of sufficient taxable income for future periods in which the tax losses are expected to be absorbed, Euronet N.V.the Company believes that it will realise the benefit of the deferred tax assets, net of the existing valuation allowance. F-14 71 EURONET HOLDING N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED) (10) SHARE(9) STOCK PLANS AND CAPITAL COMMITMENTS (a) Share Compensation Plan Euronet N.V.The Company has established a share compensation plan which provides certain employees options to purchase shares of Euronet N.V.'sits common stock. The exercise price is established based on the estimated fair value of the shares at grant date. Such value is determined by management taking into consideration recent equity or convertible security transactions as well as changes in Euronet N.V.'s business. The options vest over a period of five years from the date of grant. Options are exercisable during the term of employment or consulting arrangements with Euronet N.V.the Company and its subsidiaries. Euronet N.V.The Company has the right to repurchase shares within 180 days from an employee who has exercised his options but has ceased to be employed by Euronet N.V.Euronet. At September 30, 1996, Euronet N.V.December 31, 1997, the Company has authorized options for the purchase of 921,5501,299,550 shares of common shares,stock, of which 886,5501,289,447 have been awarded to employees. Of that amount, options for 255,640 shares have vested as of September 30, 1996. The option exercise price varies between $0.71employees and $1.43. No compensation has been recorded for such share options. The exercise price of the employee share options has been modified to reflect the stock split registered on October 11, 1996 and the proposed capital structure of the new holding company, Euronet Services Inc. Subsequent to September 30, 1996, Euronet N.V. has authorized further options for the purchase of 378,000 shares of which 176,400 were awarded at option exercise prices between $1.43 and $2.14. (b) Milestone Share Awards and Options1,061,316 remain unexercised. In accordance with the first amendment to the shareholdersshareholders' agreement dated February 15, 1996 and amended on October 14, 1996, Euronet N.V.the Company has reserved 2,850,925 shares of series A convertible preferred shares which shall be authorized but unissuedcommon stock for the purpose of awarding preferred sharescommon stock ("milestone awards") to certain investors (800,520 shares at par value of $0.01) and options to acquire preferred shares of common stock ("milestone options") to the founders, management and key employees (2,050,405 shares at $2.14 per share).employees. The Company granted 800,520 milestone awards vest and become exercisable on the date on which any one or more of the three performance goals described in the Shareholders Agreement is attained. One third of the milestone awards vest upon the occurrence of each milestone. The milestone options vest and become exercisable upon the earlier of October 14, 2006, or the date on which any one or more of the three performance goals described in the Shareholders Agreement is attained. One third of the milestone options vest upon the occurrence of each milestone. Theat an exercise price of the$0.02 per share and 2,050,405 milestone options is established based onat an exercise price of $2.14 per share. F-16 EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) Upon the estimated fair value of the shares at grant date. Such value is determined by management taking into consideration recent equity or convertible security transactions as well as changes in Euronet N.V.'s business. In the event of an initial public offering, all milestonesmilestone awards and milestone options granted under the milestone arrangement (with the exception of 49,819 options to certain key employees which will vest equally over two years following the initial public offering) shall be considered to have been metvested and all preferred shares shall becomebecame immediately issuable to beneficiaries of milestone awards and options. (c) Standby CommitmentUpon the initial public offering, 800,520 milestone awards and Contribution Certain investors (Poland Partners, LP Advent Partners LP, Advent Private Equity Fund, Poland Investment Fund LP, Hungarian Private Equity Fund232,078 milestone options were exercised. As at December 31, 1997, 1,736,890 milestone options remain unexercised. Share option activity during the periods indicated is as follows:
WEIGHTED- NUMBER AVERAGE OF SHARES EXERCISE PRICE --------- -------------- Balance at December 31, 1994 (none exercisable).. 440,440 0.71 Granted........................................ 110,110 0.71 --------- Balance at December 31, 1995 (88,130 shares exercisable).................................... 550,550 0.76 Granted........................................ 2,562,805 2.02 --------- Balance at December 31, 1996 (271,780 shares exercisable).................................... 3,113,335 1.80 Granted........................................ 226,497 12.65 Exercised...................................... (495,682) 1.34 Forfeited...................................... (45,964) 3.25 --------- Balance at December 31, 1997 (1,984,365 shares exercisable).................................... 2,798,206 2.67 =========
At December 31, 1997, the range of exercise prices, weighted-average remaining contractual life and DST Systems Inc.) agreed to make an aggregatenumber exercisable of three million dollars available to Euronet N.V.outstanding options was as follows:
WEIGHTED- NUMBER OF AVERAGE CONTRACTUAL NUMBER EXERCISE PRICE SHARES REMAINING LIFE (YEARS) EXERCISABLE -------------- --------- ---------------------- ----------- 0.71............................ 326,396 6.6 150,220 0.95............................ 66,150 7.3 11,018 1.43............................ 378,700 7.8 116,900 2.14............................ 1,806,890 8.2 1,706,227 10.75........................... 51,191 9.8 -- 11.50........................... 28,260 9.6 -- 11.77........................... 27,804 9.8 -- 13.94........................... 112,815 9.3 -- --------- --------- 2,798,206 1,984,365 ========= =========
The Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 in two tranches of one million ("tranche 1") and two million dollars ("tranche 2"), respectively. Euronet N.V. made a call on tranche 1accounting for its share option plans. The exercise price of the standby commitmentoptions is established based on November 26,the estimated fair value of the underlying shares at grant date. For options granted prior to the initial public offering, the fair value was determined by taking into consideration the per share price at which the most recent sale of equity securities was made by Euronet to investors. For options granted after the initial public offering, the fair value is determined by the market price of the share at the date of grant. However, in contemplation of the initial public offering in March 1997, compensation expense was recognized in 1996 relating to all options granted during the fourth quarter of 1996. The conversion termsSuch compensation expense was calculated as the excess of tranche 1 were that onethe fair market value of the underlying shares (determined as $4.22, which is the cash price per share of series B convertibleat which GE Capital subscribed for preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. was issued for eachin February 1997) over the exercise price of $2.14 per share. Compensation expense of standby contribution (466,669 series B convertible preferred shares were issued$4,172,000 has been recorded in exchange for F-15the 1996 consolidated financial statements and an additional compensation expense of $343,000 with respect to these options will be recognized over the remaining vesting period of such options. Of this amount, $108,000 has been expensed in the year ended December 31, 1997. F-17 72 EURONET HOLDING N.V.SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) one million dollars). The termsfollowing table provides the fair value of tranche 2 are that one share of series B convertible preferred shares will be issued for each $10 of standby contribution made. Upon formationoptions granted during 1997, 1996 and 1995 together with a description of the new holding company, Euronet Services Inc.,assumptions used to calculate the optionfair value:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, --------------------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 ------------ ------------ ------------- MINIMUM MINIMUM BLACK-SCHOLES PRICING MODEL/METHOD USED VALUE METHOD VALUE METHOD PRICING MODEL ------------------------- ------------ ------------ ------------- Expected volatility................. 0% 0% 54% Average risk-free rate.............. 7.17% 7.17% 6.86% Average expected lives.............. 3 years 3 years 2.5 years Expected dividend yield............. 0% 0% 0% Weighted-average fair value (per share)............................. $ 0.71 $ 1.14 $ 4.90
Had the Company determined compensation cost based on the fair value at the grant date for its stock options under SFAS No. 123, consolidated net loss and net loss per share would have been increased to call the second tranche will be cancelled. (11)pro forma amounts indicated below:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 ------- ------- ------- Net loss-as reported............................. $(1,914) $(7,576) $(7,965) Net loss-pro forma............................... $(1,914) $(7,576) $(8,240) Loss per share-as reported....................... $ (0.19) $ (0.73) $ (0.56) Loss per share-pro forma......................... $ (0.19) $ (0.73) $ (0.58)
Pro forma impact reflects only options granted since December 31, 1994. Therefore, the full impact of calculating compensation cost for stock options under SFAS No. 123 is not reflected in the pro forma amounts presented above because compensation cost is reflected over the options' vesting periods and compensation cost for options granted prior to January 1, 1995 is not considered. F-18 EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) (10) BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION Euronet N.V. and its subsidiaries operate in one business segment, the service of providing an independent shared ATM network to the banks and financial institutions that it serves. Net revenue, operating assets and identifiable assets, as of andTotal revenues for the periods ending September 30, 1996 as well asyears ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1994, excluding intercompany amounts, of Euronet N.V.1997 and it subsidiaries according to their geographiclong lived assets at December 31, 1996 and 1997 for the Company analyzed by geographical location are:is as follows:
LONG- TOTAL REVENUES OPERATING LOSS IDENTIFIABLELIVED ASSETS -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------------------------- -------------- 1995 1996 1995 19941997 1996 1995 1994 1996 1995 19941997 ---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------------- (IN THOUSANDS) (IN THOUSANDS) Europe.............. 638 62Hungary.................................... $62 $1,246 $4,562 $4,709 $10,212 Poland..................................... -- (2,423) (2,108) (240) 7,298 4,519 2,527 Netherlands Antilles15 663 2,575 9,204 Other...................................... -- -- 65 -- (287) -- -- 134 -- --4,672 --- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ Total............... 638 62 -- (2,710) (2,108) (240) 7,432 4,519 2,527------- Total...................................... $62 $1,261 $5,290 $7,284 $24,088 === ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== =============
(12) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Euronet N.V. is committedTotal revenues are attributed to purchase ATMs from certain suppliers for a total minimum amountcountries based on location of $13,277,000 over an indefinite periodcustomer. Long-lived assets consist of time. (13)property, plant, and equipment. (11) RELATED PARTIES Hi-Care Hi-Care, the lessor from whom Bank24 rents its Budapest office, was an investor in Euronet Holding N.V. from March 24, 1995 through March 27, 1996. Hi-Care invested $197,000 in Bank 24 until the formation of Euronet Holding N.V., at which time its shares were purchased by a new investor. Employee loan (LT Loans Receivable) Euronet N.V. provided an interest bearing loan to an employee on June 9, 1995 with a maturity date of October 1, 1999. The outstanding balance at September 30, 1996 and December 31, 1995 is $24,000 and $32,000, respectively. The loan is repayable over 4 years in equal monthly instalments. The current portion of the loan has been recorded in other current assets and the long term portion is separately disclosed on the face of the balance sheet. Michael Brown Michael Brown, one of Euronet N.V.'s shareholders loaned Euronet N.V. a total of $195,000 as at September 30, 1996 which was received during 1995 and 1996, bearing interest at 10% annually. In addition, he paid $173,000 relating to start up and formation expenses on behalf of Euronet N.V. in 1995. This has been recorded as a capital contribution of $106,000 and the remaining balance of $67,000 as notes payable-shareholder. Interest accrued of $14,000 is included in accrued expenses. F-16 73 EURONET HOLDING N.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (CONTINUED) Windham Technologies Inc Windham Technologies Inc. (Windham) holds the option to purchase certain ATMs at the end of the lease term. Windham is jointly owned by two shareholders of Euronet Holding N.V.the Company. Windham has signed an undertaking to contribute these assets to Euronet N.V. at the end of the lease at a bargain purchase price of $1 plus incidental expenses. In addition, payments of $415,000, $320,000, $425,000 and $66,000$94,000 have been made for the nine months ended September 30, 1996, the yearyears ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and the period from June 22, 1994 through December 31, 19941997, respectively, to Windham. These payments cover the services and related expenses of consultants providedseconded by Windham to Euronet N.V. (14)the Company. These services include AS400 computer expertise, bank marketing and management support. (12) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Euronet's financial instruments (cash, receivables, investment securities, accounts payable, short term borrowings, notes payable and accrued expenses) are principally short-term in nature. Accordingly, the carrying value of these investments approximates its fair value. (13) CONCENTRATIONS OF BUSINESS AND CREDIT RISK Euronet N.V. is subject to concentrations of business and credit risk throughrisk. Euronet's financial instruments mainly include trade receivables, cash and short-term investments. Euronet N.V.'sEuronet's customer base, even though limited, includes the most significant international card organizations and certain banks in Hungarythe markets in which it operates. Therefore, the Company is dependent on these entities and Poland. Therefore, Euronet N.V.'sits operations are directly affected by the financial condition of those entities. The Company has two individually significant customers in Hungary which account for 51% and 18%, respectively, of total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 1997. In January 1998, the Company's most significant customer which accounts for 51% of consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 1997, notified the Company that it was terminating its contract effective July 1998. Cash and short-term investments are placed with high-credit quality financial institutions or in short-term duration, high-quality debt securities.securities issued by the Hungarian government. Euronet does not require collateral or other security to support financial instruments subject to credit risk. Management believes that the credit risk associated with trade receivables, cash and short-term investments is minimal due to the control procedures which monitor credit worthiness of customers and financial institutions. F-17F-19 74EURONET SERVICES INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED) The Company has made an assessment of the impact of the advent of the year 2000 on its systems and operations. The Processing Center will require certain upgrades which have been ordered and are scheduled for installation by the fourth quarter of 1998. Most of the ATMs in the Company's network are not year 2000 compliant, and hardware and software upgrades will be installed under contract with the Company's ATM maintenance vendors. According to the Company's current estimates, the cost will be approximately $1,000 per ATM, and the required installation will be finished by the end of 1998. The Company estimates that approximately 560 of its ATMs will require upgrades for year 2000 compliance. The Company is currently planning a survey of its bank customers concerning the compliance of their back office systems with year 2000 requirements, and anticipates launching such survey in the third quarter of 1998. If the Company's bank customers do not bring their card authorization systems into compliance with year 2000 requirements, the Company may be unable to process transactions on cards issued by such banks and may lose revenues from such transactions. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company's revenues. Therefore, Euronet will monitor, and hopes to assist its bank clients in, implementation of its customers' year 2000 compliance programs, and may, if required to accelerate the compliance programs of its banks, create consulting capabilities in this respect. (14) COMMITMENTS The Company is committed to purchase ATMs from certain suppliers for approximately $1.2 million. F-20 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NO PERSONDEALER, SALESPERSON OR OTHER INDIVIDUAL HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFER MADE BY THIS PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELLAUTHORIZED BY THE ISSUER OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES OTHER THAN THE SECURITIES TO WHICH IT RELATES OR AN OFFER TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY SUCH SECURITIES IN ANY CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS UNLAWFUL.UNDERWRITER. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES,CIRCUMSTANCE, CREATE ANYAN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANYISSUER SINCE THE DATE HEREOFHEREOF. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER OR THATSOLICI- TATION BY ANYONE IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS NOT AU- THORIZED OR IN WHICH THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREINPERSON MAKING SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENTNOT QUAL- IFIED TO ITS DATE. ---------------------DO SO OR TO ANYONE TO WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE SUCH OFFER OR SO- LICITATION. --------------- TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE ---------- Available Information...................................................... 1 Forward-Looking Statements................................................. 1 Prospectus Summary..................... 3Summary......................................................... 2 Risk Factors........................... 6Factors............................................................... 13 Use of Proceeds........................ 11 Dilution............................... 12 Dividend Policy........................ 13 Capitalization......................... 14Proceeds............................................................ 21 Capitalization............................................................. 22 Selected Consolidated Financial Data... 15Data....................................... 23 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations........................... 17 Business............................... 21 Management............................. 31Operations................................................. 25 Business................................................................... 32 Management................................................................. 49 Certain Transactions................... 38Transactions....................................................... 56 Principal and Selling Shareholders..... 42Stockholders..................................................... 61 Description of Capital Stock........... 43Stock............................................... 63 Description of the Notes................................................... 66 Certain United States Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders of Shares............................ 46 Shares Eligible For Future Sale........ 48 Underwriting........................... 49 Validity of Securities................. 51 Experts................................ 51 Annex A -- Country Information: Hungary and Poland........................... A-1Considerations.................... 97 Underwriting............................................................... 104 Legal Matters.............................................................. 105 Experts.................................................................... 105 Index to Consolidated Financial Statements......Statements................................. F-1 ---------------------
UNTIL , 1997 (25 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS), ALL DEALERS EFFECTING TRANSACTIONS IN THE SHARES, WHETHER OR NOT PARTICIPATING IN THIS DISTRIBUTION, MAY BE REQUIRED TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS. THIS IS IN ADDITION TO THE OBLIGATION OF DEALERS TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS WHEN ACTING AS UNDERWRITERS AND WITH RESPECT TO THEIR UNSOLD ALLOTMENTS OR SUBSCRIPTIONS. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5,300,000 SHARES LOGO COMMON STOCK --------------------- ---------------------DM182,485,000 GROSS PROCEEDS [LOGO OF EURONET SERVICES INC. APPEARS HERE] EURONET SERVICES INC. % SENIOR DISCOUNT NOTES DUE 2006 ------------- PROSPECTUS ------------- MERRILL LYNCH CAPITAL MARKETS BANK LIMITED FRANKFURT/MAIN BRANCH MERRILL LYNCH & CO. , 1997 --------------------- --------------------- ING BARINGS REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNDERWRITERS1998 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 PART II INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION. The following table sets forth the Registrant's estimated expenses in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered, other than underwriting discounts and commissions. Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee.....................fee................... $ 25,858 Nasdaq National Market quotation fee.................................... 30,75029,500 National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. filing fee............. 9,033 Reimbursement of Underwiters Expenses................................... * Legal fees and expenses................................................. 100,000 Accounting fees and expenses............................................ * Blue sky qualification fees and expenses................................ 15,000fee........... 10,500 Transfer agent fees and expenses........................................ 8,000 Miscellaneous........................................................... * ---------- Total.............................................................. $ * ==========other expenses................................ 60,000 -------- Total............................................................... $100,000 ========
- --------------- *To be filed by amendment. ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. Articles Eighth and Ninth of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation provide as follows: "EIGHTH: The Corporation shall indemnify each of the individuals who may be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as it may be amended from time to time ("Section 145"), (i) in each and every situation where the Corporation is obligated to make such indemnification pursuant to Section 145, and (ii) in each and every situation where, under Section 145, the Corporation is not obligated, but is permitted or empowered, to make such indemnification. The Corporation shall promptly make or cause to be made any determination which Section 145 requires. NINTH: A director of the Corporation shall not be personally liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. This provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived any improper personal benefit. If the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware is subsequently amended to further eliminate or limit the liability of the director, then a director of the Corporation, in addition to the circumstances in which a director is not personally liable as set forth in the preceding sentence, shall not be liable to the fullest extent permitted by the amended General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware." Article VII of the Company's By-laws provides as follows: "Section 1 INDEMNIFICATION AND EXCULPATION. Reference is hereby made to Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (or any successor provision thereto). The Corporation shall indemnify each person who may be indemnified (the "Indemnitees") pursuant to such section to the full extent permitted thereby. In each and every situation where the Corporation may do so under such section, the Corporation hereby obligates itself to so indemnify the Indemnitees, and in each case, if any, where the Corporation must make certain investigations on a case-by-case basis prior to indemnification, the Corporation hereby obligates itself to pursue such investigation diligently, it being the specific intention of these II-1 76 Bylaws to obligate the Corporation to indemnify each person whom it may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law at any time and from time to time. To the extent not prohibited by Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (or any other provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware), the Indemnitees shall not be liable to the Corporation except for their own individual willful misconduct or actions taken in bad faith. Expenses incurred by an officer or director in defending any action, suit or proceeding shall be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by subsection (e) of Section 145." Reference is also made to Section 5 of the Underwriting Agreement filed as Exhibit 1.1 hereto. II-1 ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES. On December 17, 1996,For information regarding the issuance by the Company andof shares of its Common Stock during the shareholders and optionholdersthree years ended on the date of Euronet Holding N.V. entered into an Exchange Agreement pursuant to which (i) 9,585,569this Registration Statement, see "Management--Certain Transactions" in the Prospectus. Except for the shares of Common Stock ofoffered and sold by the Company will be issued to the Shareholders of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange forits March 1997 public offering, all of Common Shares of Euronet Holding N.V. (ii) options to acquire 3,113,355the shares of Common Stock will be granted toSock were issued by the holdersCompany in reliance on the exemption from the registration requirements of options to acquire 3,113,355 Common SharesSection 5 of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for allthe Securities Act of 1933 provided by Section 4(2) of such options and (iii) awards with respect to 800,520 shares of Common Stock will be issued to the holders of awards with respect to 800,520 preferred shares of Euronet Holding N.V. in exchange for all such awards. Euronet Holding N.V. will be dissolved following the consummation of the Offering. Such exchange is subject to and will be effective upon the execution of the underwriting agreement to be executed in connection with the Offering.Act. ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES. The following exhibits are filed as part of this Registration Statement:
EXHIBIT NUMBER DESCRIPTION - ------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- *1.11.1*** Form of Underwriting Agreement. 3.13.1* Certificate of Incorporation. 3.23.2(a)* By-Laws of the Company. *4.2 Specimen3.2(b)** Amended By-Law provision. 4.2 Form of certificate for Shares, par value $0.01,Notes is attached as an exhibit to the form of Indenture (included as Exhibit 4.3) 4.3*** Form of Indenture between the Company. *5.1Company and , as Trustee 5.1*** Opinion of Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn, PLLC as to the legality of the Shares. 10.1Notes. 10.1* Amended Agreement for Solution Delivery dated April 17, 1996 between Bank Access 24 Rt. and IBM World Trade Corporation. 10.210.2* Frame Contract dated February 20, 1996 between Bankomat 24 Sp. z o.o. and AT&T Global Information Solutions Polska, Sp. z o.o. 10.310.3* Exchange Agreement dated as of December 17, 1996 among the Company and the stockholders and optionholders of Euronet Holding N.V. 10.410.4* The Euronet Long-Term Incentive Plan. *10.510.5* Employment Agreement of Mr. Brown. 10.6* Form of Employment Agreement for Executive Officers. 21.110.7**** Registration Rights Agreement dated as of March 13, 1996 between the Company and its principal stockholders. 10.8**** Master Lease Agreement dated as of September 29, 1997 and Operating Lease Agreement dated June 13, 1997, June 16, 1997, June 17, 1997, July 28, 1997 and September 17, 1997, between a subsidiary of the Company and ING Lease (Polska) Sp. z o.o. 10.9**** Master Rental Agreement dated as of March 10, 1995 between HFT Corporation and a subsidiary of the Company. 10.10**** Leasing, Servicing, Processing, Software License and Software Service Contract for Automatic Teller Machines dated January 10, 1997 between a subsidiary of the Company and Service Bank GmbH and Co. KG. 10.11**** Milestone Stock Option Agreement dated October 14, 1996 between the Company and Dennis Depenbusch, and list of options granted to Messrs. Brown and Henry under agreements containing the same terms as the Depenbusch agreement. 10.12**** Form of Automatic Teller Machine Site Agreement. 10.13**** Lease dated February 21, 1997 between a subsidiary of the Company and Central Business Center Rt., as amended on May 13, 1997, November 7, 1997, and January 20, 1998. 10.14**** Form of ATM Agreement between banks and the Company. 12**** Statement re: computation of ratios. 21.1**** List of Registrant's Subsidiaries (included in the financial statements filed as part of Registrant. 23.1the Prospectus). 23.1**** Consent of KPMG Polska Sp. z o.o. 23.223.2**** Consent of Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn, (included in Exhibit 5.1).PLLC. 24.1 Power of Attorney (included in signatures)on signature page). 25*** Statement of Eligibility of Trustee.
II-2 - --------------- *To-------- * Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement No. 333-18121 and incorporated by reference herein. ** Previously filed as an exhibit to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1997 and incorporated by reference herein. *** To be filed by amendment. II-2 77**** Filed herewith. ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions described under "Item 14, Indemnification of Directors and Officers" above, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment to the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:undertakes: (1) ForThat for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. (2) ForThat for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. (3) It will provide to the U.S. Underwriters at the closing specified in the Underwriting Agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the U.S. Underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser. II-3 78 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act ofPURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on FormTHE REGISTRANT CERTIFIES THAT IT HAS REASONABLE GROUNDS TO BELIEVE THAT IT MEETS ALL OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR FILING ON FORM S-1 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Warsaw on the 18th day of December, 1996 EURONET SERVICES INC.AND HAS DULY CAUSED THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT TO BE SIGNED ON ITS BEHALF BY THE UNDERSIGNED, THEREUNTO DULY AUTHORIZED, IN BUDAPEST, HUNGARY ON THE DAY OF MARCH, 1998. Euronet Services Inc. By: /s/ MICHAEL J. BROWN Michael J. Brown--------------------------------- DANIEL R. HENRY POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that eachEach person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints MICHAEL J. BROWN and DANIELDaniel R. HENRY, and each of them severally,Henry his or her true and lawful attorney or attorneysattorney-in-fact and agent, each acting alone, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, to signfor him or her in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all such capacities, theto sign any or all Amendments (including post-effective Amendments) to this Registration Statement, and any and all amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments) and any documents in connection therewith, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each of said attorneys to have power to act with or without the other, and to haveacting alone, full power and authority to do and perform in the nameeach and on behalf of each such officer and director of the Registrant who shall have executed such a power of attorney, every act whatsoever which such attorneys,and thing appropriate or any one of them, may deem necessary or desirable to be done in connection therewithand about the premises, as fully and to all intents and purposes as such officerhe or director of the Registrantshe might or could do in person. Pursuantperson, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, each acting alone, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to the requirementsbe done by virtue hereof. SIGNATURE TITLE DATE --------- ----- ---- Chairman of the Securities ActMarch , 1998 - ------------------------------------- Board of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on December 18, 1996Directors, MICHAEL J. BROWN Chief Executive Officer and such signatures may be in counterparts:
SIGNATURE TITLE - ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ /s/ MICHAEL J. BROWN Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief - ------------------------------------------------- Executive Officer and President Michael J. Brown /s/ DANIEL R. HENRY Director and Chief Operating Officer - ------------------------------------------------- Daniel R. Henry /s/ STEVEN J. BUCKLEY Director - ------------------------------------------------- Steven J. Buckley /s/ ERIBERTO R. SCOCIMARA Director - ------------------------------------------------- Eriberto R. Scocimara /s/ ANDRZEJ OLECHOWSKI Director - ------------------------------------------------- Andrzej Olechowski /s/ THOMAS A. MCDONNELL Director - ------------------------------------------------- Thomas A. McDonnell
President (principal executive officer) Director and Chief March , 1998 - ------------------------------------- Operating Officer DANIEL R. HENRY Director March , 1998 - ------------------------------------- STEVEN J. BUCKLEY Director March , 1998 - ------------------------------------- ERIBERTO R. SCOCIMARA Director March , 1998 - ------------------------------------- ANDRZEJ OLECHOWSKI Director March , 1998 - ------------------------------------- THOMAS A. MCDONNELL Director March , 1998 - ------------------------------------- NICHOLAS B. CALLINAN Chief Financial March , 1998 - ------------------------------------- Officer and Chief BRUCE S. COLWILL Accounting Officer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer) II-4 79
SIGNATURE TITLE - ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ /s/ NICHOLAS B. CALLINAN Director - ------------------------------------------------- Nicholas B. Callinan /s/ BRUCE COLWILL Chief Financial Officer and Chief - ------------------------------------------------- Accounting Officer Bruce Colwill
II-5 80 EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT NUMBER DESCRIPTION - ------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- *1.11.1*** Form of Underwriting Agreement. 3.13.1* Certificate of Incorporation. 3.23.2(a)* By-Laws of the Company. *4.2 Specimen3.2(b)** Amended By-Law provision. 4.2 Form of certificate for Shares, par value $0.01,Notes is attached as an exhibit to the form of Indenture (included as Exhibit 4.3) 4.3*** Form of Indenture between the Company. *5.1Company and , as Trustee 5.1*** Opinion of Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn, PLLC as to the legality of the Shares. 10.1Notes. 10.1* Amended Agreement for Solution Delivery dated April 17, 1996 between Bank Access 24 Rt. and IBM World Trade Corporation. 10.210.2* Frame Contract dated February 20, 1996 between Bankomat 24 Sp. z o.o. and AT&T Global Information Solutions Polska, Sp. z o.o. 10.310.3* Exchange Agreement dated as of December 17, 1996 among the Company and the stockholders and optionholders of Euronet Holding N.V. 10.410.4* The Euronet Long-Term Incentive Plan. *10.510.5* Employment Agreement of Mr. Brown. 10.6* Form of Employment Agreement for Executive Officers. 21.110.7**** Registration Rights Agreement dated as of March 13, 1996 between the Company and its principal stockholders. 10.8**** Master Lease Agreement dated as of September 29, 1997 and Operating Lease Agreement dated June 13, 1997, June 16, 1997, June 17, 1997, July 28, 1997 and September 17, 1997, between a subsidiary of the Company and ING Lease (Polska) Sp. z o.o. 10.9**** Master Rental Agreement dated as of March 10, 1995 between HFT Corporation and a subsidiary of the Company. 10.10**** Leasing, Servicing, Processing, Software License and Software Service Contract for Automatic Teller Machines dated January 10, 1997 between a subsidiary of the Company and Service Bank GmbH and Co. KG. 10.11**** Milestone Stock Option Agreement dated October 14, 1996 between the Company and Dennis Depenbusch, and list of options granted to Messrs. Brown and Henry under agreements containing the same terms as the Depenbusch agreement. 10.12**** Form of Automatic Teller Machine Site Agreement. 10.13**** Lease dated February 21, 1997 between a subsidiary of the Company and Central Business Center Rt., as amended on May 13, 1997, November 7, 1997, and January 20, 1998. 10.14**** Form of ATM Agreement between banks and the Company. 12**** Statement re: computation of ratios. 21.1**** List of Registrant's Subsidiaries (included in the financial statements filed as part of Registrant. 23.1the Prospectus). 23.1**** Consent of KPMG Polska Sp. z o.o. 23.223.2**** Consent of Arent Fox Kintner Plotkin & Kahn, (included in Exhibit 5.1).PLLC. 24.1 Power of Attorney (included in signatures)on signature page). 25*** Statement of Eligibility of Trustee.
- --------------- *To-------- * Previously filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement No. 333-18121 and incorporated by reference herein. ** Previously filed as an exhibit to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1997 and incorporated by reference herein. *** To be filed by amendment. **** Filed herewith.