As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 8, 2020

Registration No. 333- _______

 

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

Amendment No. 1 to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

CHICKEN SOUP FOR THE SOUL ENTERTAINMENT, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware 7819 81- 2560811
(State or other jurisdiction of (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Classification Code Number) Identification Number)

 

132 E. Putnam Avenue, Floor 2W

Cos Cob, CT 06807
(855) 398-0443
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

William J. Rouhana, Jr., Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment Inc.
132 E. Putnam Avenue, Floor 2W

Cos Cob, CT 06807
(855) 398-0443

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

David Alan Miller, Esq.

Roberto Cortinas,

Copies to:

David Alan Miller, Esq.

Brian L. Ross, Esq.

Graubard Miller

The Chrysler Building

405 Lexington Avenue

New York, New York 10174

Telephone: (212) 818-8800

Facsimile: (212) 818-8881

Brad L. Shiffman, Esq.

Blank Rome LLP

1271 Avenue of the Americas

New York, New York 10020

Telephone: (212) 885-5000

Facsimile: (212) 885-5001

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicableFrom time to time after the effective date of this registration statement.Registration Statement.

 

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box.   ¨x

 

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

 

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer   ¨Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   xSmaller reporting company   x
Emerging growth company   x

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.   ¨

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

Title of each class of
securities to be registered (1)
 Proposed maximum
aggregate
offering price (1)(2)
  Amount of
registration fee
 
9.50 Notes due 2025 $9,200,000  $1,003.72 
Total     $1,003.72 
Title of each class of
securities to be registered(1)
 Amount
to be registered (1)
  Proposed
maximum
offering price per
share (2)
  Proposed
maximum
aggregate
offering price
  Amount of
registration fee
 
For Resale            
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share  1,022,727  $24.48  $24,831,811.56  $2,709.15(3)

 

(1)(1)Pursuant to Rule 416(a) of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement also covers any additional securities which may become issuable to prevent dilution from stock splits, stock dividends and similar events.

(2)Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee, pursuant tobased upon the average of the high and low prices of the Class A common stock of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc., as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market on January 21, 2021, in accordance with Rule 457(o)457(c) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

(2)(3)Includes up to $1,200,000A fee of $2,709.15 was previously paid in aggregate principal amountconnection with the initial filing of additional notes which may be issued upon the exercise of a 30-day option granted to the underwriters to cover overallotments, if any.this registration statement.

 

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities or until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Preliminary Prospectus Subject to Completion Dated December [__]February , 20202021 

 

 

 

$8,000,0001,022,727 SHARES OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK (For Resale)

 

9.50% Notes due 2025

We are offering $8.0 million inThis prospectus covers an aggregate principal amountof 1,022,727 shares of our 9.50% notes due 2025, which we refer to asClass A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value (“Class A Common Stock”) that may be offered for resale or otherwise disposed of by the “Notes.” The Notes will be a further issuance of, rank equally in right of payment with, and form a single series for all purposes under the indenture governing the Notes including, without limitation, waivers, amendments, consents, redemptions and other offers to purchase to purchase, with the $22,100,000 aggregate principal amount of 9.50% Notes due 2025 that we issued in July 2020 and August 2020, which we refer to collectively as the “July 2025 Notes.” The Notes will mature on July 31, 2025. We will pay interest on the Notes on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31 each year, beginning on [_], 20[_]. We may redeem the Notes in whole or in part at any time, or from time to time on or after July 31, 2022, at the redemption price of par plus accrued interest, as discussedselling shareholders set forth under the caption “DescriptionSelling Shareholders”, including their pledgees, assignees, or successors-in-interest.

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the Notes — Optional Redemption” in this prospectus. The Notes will be issued in minimum denominations of $25.00 and integral multiples of $25.00 in excess thereof.

The Notes will be issued under and subjectsecurities by the selling shareholders. Pursuant to the terms of registration rights granted to the indenture, dated asselling shareholders, we will pay the expenses of July 17, 2020, between usregistering the securities for resale, but all selling commissions and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (the “Indenture”), andother similar expenses incurred by the supplemental indenture thereto, dated July 17, 2020, copies of which are incorporated by reference into the registration statement to which this prospectus is a part. The Notesselling shareholders will be our direct unsecured obligations and rank pari passu to all of our currently outstanding unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness, includingpaid by the July 2025 Notes. We will have the ability to issue additional debt securities with terms different from the Notes without the consent of the holders of the Notes. If we issue additional debt securities, these additional debt securities could rank higher in priority of payment or have a lien or other security interest greater than that accorded to the holders of the Notes. Because the Notes will not be secured by any of our assets, they will be effectively subordinated to all our existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant security), to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The repayment of the Notes will not be guaranteed. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Notes.selling shareholders.

 

The July 2025 Notes areOur Class A Common Stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market and have beenfor trading under the symbol “CSSEN” since July 21, 2020. On December 4, 2020, the last reported sale price of the July 2025 Notes on the Nasdaq Global Market was $25.12. We intend to list the Notes offered hereby on the Nasdaq Global Market under the samesymbol “CSSE.” Our 9.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CSSEP” and our 9.50% Notes due 2025 (“Notes”) are listed for trading symbol. The Notes are expectedon the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CSSEN.”

In addition to trade “flat.” This means that purchasers will not pay, and sellers will not receive, any accrued and unpaid interest in the Notes thatour Class A Common Stock, we have outstanding Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“Class B Common Stock”). Our Class B Common Stock is not included inpublicly traded and is controlled and beneficially owned by our chief executive officer. Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock have substantially identical rights, except that holders of shares of Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of shares of Class B Common Stock are entitled to ten votes per share. Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock vote together as a single class on all matters (including the trading price.election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders, unless otherwise required by law or our charter. Each share of Class B Common Stock may be converted into a share of Class A Common Stock at any time at the election of the holder.

 

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements.

 

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See the Notes involves significant risks. Please readsection of this prospectus titledRisk Factorson page 11for a discussion of this prospectus andinformation that should be considered in the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus.connection with an investment in our securities.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the Notesadequacy or determined ifaccuracy of this prospectus is truthful or complete.prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

You should readThe date of this prospectus and any supplements and amendments thereto.

  Per Note  

Total(1)(2)

 
Public offering price $           $8,000,000 
Underwriting discount $   $400,000 
Proceeds, before expenses, to us(2) $   $7,600,000 

(1)Ladenburg Thalmann, as representative of the underwriters, may exercise an option to purchase up to an additional $1,200,000 aggregate principal amount of Notes offered hereby, within 30 days of the date of this prospectus. If this option is exercised in full, the total public offering price will be $9,200,000, the total underwriting discount paid by us will be $460,000, and total proceeds to us, before expenses, will be approximately $8,740,000.

(2)Total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, are estimated to be $115,504.

THE NOTES ARE NOT DEPOSITS OR OTHER OBLIGATIONS OF A BANK AND ARE NOT INSURED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION OR ANY OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCY.is [●], 2021

 

Delivery of the Notes in book-entry form only through The Depository Trust Company will be made on or about ____, 2020.

Ladenburg Thalmann
Prospectus dated ____, 2020

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUSii
CERTAIN CORPORATE INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONSiii
NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTSiv
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY1
  
SPECIFIC TERMS OF THE NOTES AND THE OFFERING6
  
RISK FACTORS117
THE PRIVATE PLACEMENT19
  
USE OF PROCEEDS2420
  
CAPITALIZATION2521
  
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTESOUR COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS2765
  
CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONSPLAN OF DISTRIBUTION3669
  
UNDERWRITINGSELLING SHAREHOLDERS4070
  
LEGAL MATTERS4271
  
EXPERTS4271
 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE4371

 

i

 

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

 

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. You should read this prospectus together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information; Information Incorporated by Reference beginning on page 43 of this prospectus..

 

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information and, if provided, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by us. This prospectus shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy offered securities in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offering or solicitation. This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement. For a more complete understanding of the offering of the securities, you should refer to the registration statement, including its exhibits.

 

You should not assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of this prospectus. You should not assume that the information contained in any documents incorporated by reference herein is accurate as of any date other than the respective dates of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since that date.

 

You should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the information included and referred to under “Risk Factors” below, the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and the financial statements and the other information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before making an investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you in the section of this prospectus entitled “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference.”

 

This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been or will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or as exhibits to documents incorporated by reference herein, and you may obtain copies of those documents as described below under the headings “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by ReferenceInformation . We note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference hereinthis prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreement, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

 

The industry and market data and other statistical information, if any, contained in this prospectus and in the documents we incorporate by reference are based on our own estimates, independent publications, government publications, reports by market research firms or other published independent sources, and, in each case, are believed by us to be reasonable estimates. Although we believe these sources are reliable, we have not independently verified the information.

 

ii

 

 

CERTAIN CORPORATE INFORMATION AND DEFINITIONS

 

Our company, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc., is referred to in this prospectus as “CSSE,” the “Company,” or “we” or similar pronouns. References to:

 

 ·“CSS Productions” means Chicken Soup for the Soul Productions, LLC, our immediate parent;

 

 ·“CSS” means Chicken Soup for the Soul, LLC, our intermediate parent company;

 

 ·“CSS Holdings” means Chicken Soup for the Soul Holdings, the parent company of CSS and our ultimate parent company;

 

 ·“Screen Media” means Screen Media Ventures, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of CSSE;

 

 ·“A Plus” means A Sharp Inc. (d/b/a A Plus), a wholly owned subsidiary of CSSE;

 

 ·“Pivotshare” means Pivotshare, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of CSSE.

 

 ·“Crackle Plus” means Crackle Plus, LLC, a company formed by CSSE and CPE Holdings, Inc. (an affiliatewholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Pictures Television Inc.);CSSE; and

 

 ·“Landmark Studio Group” means Landmark Studio Group LLC, a majority owned subsidiary of CSSE.

 

We and our subsidiaries and affiliates have proprietary rights to the trademarks and trade names used herein, including, among others, Chicken Soup for the Soul®, Crackle®, Popcornflix.com®, Popcornflix Kids®, Truli®, and FrightPix®. Solely as a matter of convenience, trademarks and trade names referred to herein may or may not be accompanied with the marks of “TM” or “®”, however, the absence of such marks is not intended to indicate that the Company or its affiliates or subsidiaries will not assert, to the fullest extent possible under applicable law, their respective rights to such trademarks and trade names.

 

iii

 

 

NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

The statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believes,” “continues,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plans,” “possible,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus may include, for example, statements about:

 

 ·our limited operating history;

 

 ·our financial performance, including our ability to generate revenue;

 

 ·the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), including the measures to reduce its spread, and the impact on the economy and demand for our services, which may precipitate or exacerbate other risks and uncertainties our financial performance, including our ability to generate revenue;

 

 ·potential effects of a challenging economy, for example, on the demand for our advertising and marketing services, on our clients’ financial condition and on our business or financial condition;

 

 ·the ability of our content offerings to achieve market acceptance;

 

 ·the impact of increased competition;

 

 ·our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors;

 

 ·our potential ability to obtain additional financing when and if needed;

 

 ·our ability to protect our intellectual property;

 

 ·our ability to complete strategic acquisitions, including joint ventures and co-production arrangements;

 

 ·our ability to manage growth and integrate acquired operations;

 

 ·uninterrupted service by the third-party service providers we rely on for the distribution of our content and delivery of ad impressions;

 

 ·the potential liquidity and trading of our securities;

 

 ·downward revisions to, or withdrawals of, our credit ratings by third-party rating agencies;

 

 ·regulatory or operational risks;

 

 ·our estimates regarding expenses, future revenue, capital requirements and needs for additional financing; and

 

 ·the time during which we will be an Emerging Growth Company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or JOBS Act.

 

The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus are based on current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments will be those that have been anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those risk factors incorporated by reference or described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

 

iv

 

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

The information below is only a summary of more detailed information included elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. This summary may not contain all the information that is important to you or that you should consider before making a decision to invest in the Notes.our company. Please read this entire prospectus, including the risk factors as well as the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus,and financial statements, carefully.

This prospectus sets forth certain terms of the Notes that we are offering pursuant to this prospectus. On July 17, 2020, we entered into the Supplemental Indenture to the Indenture between us and U.S. Bank National Association, relating to the July 2025 Notes. We will issue the Notes under the same Indenture and Supplemental Indenture, which we refer to collectively as the “Indenture” or the “indenture.” The Notes will be a further issuance of, rank equally in right of payment with, and form a single series with the July 2025 Notes for all purposes under the indenture, including, without limitation, waivers, amendments, consents, redemptions and other offers to purchase and voting. We refer to the “Notes” and the “July 2025 Notes” separately within this prospectus since only the Notes are being offered hereby, but any general discussion of the terms of the Notes also applies to the July 2025 Notes since they are treated as the same under the Indenture.

 

Overview

 

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment Inc. operates streaming video-on-demand networks (“VOD”). The Company owns a majority stake in through its subsidiary, Crackle Plus, a company formed with an affiliate of Sony Pictures Television Inc. (“SPT”), which owns and operates a variety of ad-supported and subscription-based VOD networks including Crackle®, Popcornflix, Popcornflix Kids®, Truli®, Pivotshare, Españolflix and FrightPix®. The Company also acquires and distributes video content through Screen Media and produces long and short-form original content through subsidiaries and outside partnerships. The content acquired or produced by the Company is sometimes used exclusively on our networks and is generally also sold to others with the goal of providing our networks access to original and exclusive advertising-supported online video-on-demand (“AVOD”) content at a lower cost and to generate additional revenue and operating cash flow for the Company.

 

Our majority-owned Crackle Plus subsidiary was formed inas a co-owned partnership with SPTa subsidiary of Sony Pictures Television Inc. (“SPT”) in May 2019. We acquired SPT’s equity interest in Crackle Plus on January 13, 2021, and, accordingly, Crackle Plus is now wholly-owned by us. Crackle Plus is one of the largest, independent AVOD network groups in the United States, with viewers streaming an average of approximately 30 million programs per month. The popular network, Crackle®, is the largest Crackle Plus network and a top performer on the industry-leading Roku platform. Our VOD networks deliver popular and original new content covering a wide range of themes, including family, children and faith, as well as proven genres, such as horror and comedy.  We are differentiated among other VOD network operators by our ability to generate original content cost-effectively and by our access to more than 80,000 hours of programming.  Our Screen Media subsidiary has one of the largest independently owned television and film libraries in the industry and provides content to the Crackle Plus networks and third-party networks. Our VOD networks also feature original content produced through our subsidiaries, Landmark Studio Group and A Plus. Our exclusive, perpetual, sublicensable and worldwide license, to create and distribute video content under the Chicken Soup for the Soul® brand (the “Brand”) also allows us to create new Brand-focused AVOD channels, which we expect to do in the future.

 

We believe CSSE is the only independent AVOD network operator with the proven capability to create and distribute original programming and access to an extensive amount of valuable company-owned and third-party library content.  We believe this differentiation is important at a time of a major shift in consumer viewing habits, as the growth in both availability and quality of high-speed broadband enables consumers to consume video content at any time on any device.

 

According to industry projections, the global market for AVOD network revenue is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate of 21% between 2018 and 2024, reaching $56 billion by the end of the period.  At the same time, advertising spending on linear television networks is expected to decline as more viewers transition from pay television subscriptions to online video viewing.  We believe AVOD networks will grow rapidly as consumers seek affordable programming alternatives to multiple subscription video-on-demand (“SVOD”) offerings.

In this environment, our strategy is to build a leading VOD network featuring a range of mass-appeal and thematic programming options.  We are executing on this strategy in three ways:

 

Increasing content. Our “originals and exclusives” focus, supported by our distribution and production business, is designed to distinguish our network brands among viewers.  We are able to add to our existing broad base of content without the significant capital outlay of a traditional television or film studio by producing new originals at low cost through creative partnerships, such as our award-winning 2019 series Going from Broke, which has been renewed for a second season. Through Screen Media, we are also acquiring the rights to additional exclusive content. Finally, we are expanding our production capacity through partnerships, the formation of our majority owned subsidiary Landmark Studio Group and acquiring additional content libraries, such as our recent acquisition of the Foresight Unlimited film library.

 


Growing and retaining audience while adding new networks.  Our goal is to utilize our increasing, exclusive access to quality programming to grow and retain viewers on our existing networks.  As we grow our content libraries, we are also continuously evaluating opportunities to create new thematic networks that feature certain genres and other types of programming that can deliver more targeted advertising opportunities to marketers such as a Chicken Soup for the Soul network for families.  Finally, we are also actively evaluating opportunities to acquire additional AVOD networks that can accelerate our path to scale.
• Building our advertising sales capability.  As we grow our stable of networks, we are investing in integration of advertising platform technology stacks and the growth of our sales force.  As our advertising sales capability matures, we believe we will be positioned to increase both overall advertising sales and ad insertion rates.

 

Recent Developments

 

The Company has recorded strong revenue performance duringthrough Q3 2020. Despite industry production delays, Crackle Plus is fully programmed through mid-2021. We have continued to expand our pipeline of original and exclusive content, driving steady viewership to our AVOD platforms and sequential growth in ad impressions. The latest Crackle original series, Spides, drove over one million streams in its first two weeks. Additionally, our distribution and production businesses added meaningful revenue, driven by the TVOD hit The Outpost, which was number one in streams for two consecutive weeks on several platforms, including iTunes, GooglePlay, Spectrum, and FandangoNOW.

 

Business Strategy

We are a media company operatingIn connection with the formation of Crackle Plus, our AVODthe joint venture governed by the terms of an amended and SVOD networks groups, supported by our distribution and production capabilities. Our goal is to grow our network platform organically and through consolidation to establish a leading AVOD business positioned to capture ad revenuerestated limited liability company agreement dated as that revenue increasingly moves from linear TV to online video.

Our two main areas of operation are:

Online Networks. We distribute and exhibit VOD content directly to consumers across all digital platforms, such as connected TVs, smartphones, tablets, gaming consoles andMay 14, 2019 among the web through our owned and operated AVODCompany, Crackle Plus, networks. We also distribute our own and third-partyCrackle, Inc. (“Crackle”), a wholly owned contentsubsidiary of CPE Holdings, Inc. (“CPEH”), an affiliate of SPT, the Company granted CPEH, as successor-in-interest of Crackle, and its affiliates (including SPT) the right to consumers across various digital platforms through our SVOD network, Pivotshare. We generate advertising revenues primarily by serving video advertisementsrequire the Company to our streaming viewers on our AVOD networks and subscription revenues from customers on our SVOD network.

Our acquisitionpurchase all, but not less than all, of Screen MediaCPEH’s interest in 2017 marked our entry intoCrackle Plus. The Company had the direct-to-consumer online VOD market through Popcornflix, which has an extensive footprint with apps that have been downloaded more than 27 million times.

Popcornflix is one ofright, in its sole discretion, to pay for the largest AVOD services. Under the Popcornflix brand, we operate a series of direct-to consumer advertising supported channels. As a “free-to-consumer” digital streaming channel, Popcornflix is an extremely popular online video platform that can be found on the web, iPhones and iPads, Android products, Roku, Xbox, Amazon Fire, Apple TV, Chromecast and Samsung and Panasonic internet connected televisions, among others. Popcornflix is currently availableinterest in 61 countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Germany, France, and Singapore, with additional territories to be added.

In October 2018, we completed the acquisition of the assets of Truli Media Corp., which operates a nascent global family-friendly and faith-based online video channel (“Truli”). Truli’s content fits strategically in our thematic network plans and includes film, television, music videos, sports, comedy, and educational material.

In May 2019, we launched a new streaming video subsidiary known as Crackle Plus through which we operate VOD networks including, Crackle and Popcornflix. Viewers are able to watch premium video content, such as films and TV shows on our networks. The networks are accessible through various internet connected digital devices such as mobile, tablet, smart TV and console. The networks primarily earn revenue from advertisements placedeither the issuance of shares of Series A Preferred Stock or an amount of cash based on the platform through direct and reseller channels. Our entry into subscription-based VOD was initiated by our acquisitionnumber of shares of Series A Preferred Stock that would have been issued in payment therefore, using a price per share of $25 (the “Put Option”). On December 14, 2020, CPEH elected to exercise the Pivotshare VOD platformPut Option. On January 13, 2021, the Company consummated the purchase of CPEH’s interest in August 2018. All of our VOD operations are currently in our Crackle Plus subsidiary.  As a result, Crackle Plus, is onethrough the issuance of the largest AVOD companies1.6 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Additionally, on December 21, 2020, we issued 198,956 shares of CSSE Preferred Shares to CPEH in the United States as well as a targeted SVOD network provider.  Within Crackle Plus we have been primarily focused on growingconnection with our AVOD networks and may turn more attentionobligation to our SVOD opportunities in the future.


Television and Film Distribution and Production. We distribute movies and television series worldwide, through Screen Media, to consumers through license agreements across all media, including theatrical, home video, pay-per-view, free, cable, pay television, VOD, mobile and new digital media platforms worldwide. We own the copyright or long-term distribution rights to over 1,000 television series and feature films, representing one of the largest independently owned libraries of filmed entertainment in the world.

We have distribution licensing agreements with numerous VOD services across all major platforms, such as cable and satellite VOD and Internet VOD, which includes TVODreimburse CPEH for rentals or purchases of films, AVOD for free-to-viewer streaming of films supportedcertain transaction expenses incurred by advertisements and SVOD for unlimited access to films for a monthly fee.

Our cable and satellite VOD distribution agreements include those with DirecTV, Cablevision (Altice USA), Verizon and In Demand (owned by Comcast, Charter and Time Warner Cable-Spectrum). Our Internet VOD distribution agreements include agreements with Amazon, iTunes, Samsung, YouTube, Hulu, Xbox, Netflix, Sony, Vudu, Plex, Xfinity Flex and Fubo TV, among others.

We have expanded our international distribution capabilitiesCPEH in connection with the acquisitiontransactions contemplated by that certain Contribution Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2019, by and among the Company, CPEH, Crackle, Inc. and Crackle Plus. The Company agreed to register the shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued to CPEH within 90 days of the Foresight library.date of issuance.

 

Screen Media’s distribution capabilities across all media give us the ability to monetize various rights to our produced and co-produced television series and films directly, including our content that will be producedOn January 20, 2021, we consummated a private placement through Landmark Studio Group. The cost savings from Screen Media’s distribution capabilities enhance our revenue and profits from our produced or co-produced content. Furthermore, Screen Media supports the programming and content needswhich we sold an aggregate of 1,022,727 shares of our AVOD networks. The abilityClass A Common Stock to monetize film and TVcertain fund investors at a price of $22 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $22.5 million. In connection with the private placement, we entered into a registration rights through Screen Media gives usagreement with the abilityinvestors pursuant to retain exclusive AVOD rightswhich we are obligated to file the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part for somepurposes of our acquired or produced films or television series on a cost advantaged basis.registering the resale of all such shares by the selling shareholders.

 

Our approach to content production is focused primarily on co-production partnerships in order to build our AVOD networks, through Crackle Plus, and our worldwide distribution capabilities through Screen Media. By focusing this way, we believe that we will be able to grow our business more rapidly by entering into production agreements with a variety of production partners. In October 2019, we launched Landmark, our first production co-venture subsidiary. Landmark is a fully integrated entertainment company focused on ownership, development, and production of quality entertainment franchises. Landmark develops, produces, distributes and owns all the intellectual property it creates, building a valuable library. The studio is independent, with the ability to sell its content to any network or platform, while also developing and producing original content for Crackle Plus. Landmark controls all worldwide rights and distributes those rights exclusively through Screen Media.

 

We plan to enter into other similar co-production arrangements going forward. We will only occasionally produce programming internally.


  

Competition

 

We are in a highly competitive business.  The market for streaming entertainment is rapidly changing. We face competition from companies within the entertainment business and from alternative forms of leisure entertainment, such as travel, sporting events, outdoor recreation, video games, the internet and other cultural and computer-related activities. We compete for viewers and programming with much larger companies which have significant resources and brand recognition, including dominant video on demand providers such as Netflix, HBO Max (including HBO Go), Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Disney Plus, Apple TV Plus, Fubo TV, Sling TV, and major film and television studios.  We also compete with numerous independent motion picture and television distribution and production companies, television networks, pay television systems and online media platforms for viewers, subscribers, and the services of performing artists, producers and other creative and technical personnel and production financing, all of which are essential to the success of our businesses.

 

In addition, our video content competes for media outlet and audience acceptance with video content produced and distributed by other companies. As a result, the success of any of our video content is dependent not only on the quality and acceptance of a particular production, but also on the quality and acceptance of other competing video content available in the marketplace at or near the same time.

Given such competition, and our stage of development, we emphasize a lower cost structure, risk mitigation, reliance on financial partnerships and innovative financial strategies. We rely on our flexibility and agility as well as the entrepreneurial spirit of our employees, partners and affiliates, in order to provide creative, desirable video content.


Intellectual Property

 

We are party to a License Agreement with CSS (“CSS License Agreement”) through which we have been granted the perpetual, exclusive, worldwide license by CSS to produce and distribute video content using the Brand and related content, such as stories published in the Chicken Soup for the Soul books. Chicken Soup for the Soul and related names are trademarks owned by CSS. We have the proprietary rights (including copyrights) in all Company-produced content. As a result of the acquisitions of Screen Media, Pivotshare, Crackle, and other smaller libraries and companies, we now own copyrights or global long-term distribution rights to approximately 80,000 hours of content.

 

We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other similar measures to protect our proprietary information and intellectual property rights. Our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights is subject to certain risks and from time to time we encounter disputes over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property, which are described more fully in the section titled “Risk Factors.”


 

Human Capital Resources

 

As of December 8,31, 2020, we had 100 direct employees. The services of certain personnel, including our chairman and chief executive officer, vice chairman and chief strategy officer, our senior brand advisor and director, and chief financial officer, among others, are provided to us under a management services agreement between the Company and CSS. We also utilize many consultants in the ordinary course of our business and hire additional personnel on a project-by-project basis. Our human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and additional employees. Our compensation program is designed to attract, retain, and motivate highly qualified employees and executives. We use a mix of competitive base salary, performance-based equity compensation awards, and other employee benefits. We believe that our employee and labor relations are good, and we are committed to inclusion and policies and procedures to maintain a safe work environment. The health and safety of our employees, customers and communities are of primary concern. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken significant steps to protect our workforce including but not limited to, working remotely, and implementing social distancing protocols consistent with guidelines issued by federal, state, and local law.

 

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). As long as we are an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These include, but are not limited to:

 

 ·Not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting;

 

 ·Not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditors’ report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements;

 

 ·Reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation; and

 

 ·Exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

 

We may remain an “emerging growth company” until as late as December 31, 2022, the fiscal year-end following the fifth anniversary of the completion of our initial public offering, though we may cease to be an emerging growth company earlier under certain circumstances, including if (a) we have more than $1.07 billion in annual gross revenue in any fiscal year, (b) the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, or (c) we issue more than $1 billion of non-convertible debt over a three-year period.

 

Summary Risk Factors

 

An investment in our securities involves various risks that you should consider carefully before investing in us. Many of these risks are discussed in this prospectus under the heading “Risk Factors. beginning on page 11. If any of these risks occur, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, prospects and ability to make interest payments to our noteholders and distributions to our shareholders could be materially and adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you may lose a portion or your entire investment. These risks include:

 


·The Notes will be unsecured and therefore are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we have incurred or may incur in the future.

·The Notes will be structurally subordinated to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries.

·The indenture under which the Notes are issued contains limited protection for holders of the Notes.

·An increase in market interest rates could result in a decrease in the value of the Notes.

·An active trading market for the Notes may not develop or may not be sustained, which could limit your ability to sell the Notes and/or adversely impact the market price of the Notes.

·We may choose to redeem the Notes when prevailing interest rates are relatively low.

·If we default on our obligations to pay our other indebtedness, we may not be able to make payments on the Notes.

·We are not obligated to contribute to a sinking fund to retire the Notes and the Notes are not guaranteed by a third-party.

·A downgrade, suspension, or withdrawal of the credit rating assigned by a rating agency to us or the Notes, if any, could cause the liquidity or market value of the Notes to decline significantly.

 ·We have and may continue to incur losses in the operation of our business.

 

 ·

We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service our debt, dividend and other obligations.

obligations or our ability to service our dividends could be adversely effected or prohibited upon defaults under our current or future  indebtedness.

 ·Difficult conditions in the economy generally and our industry specifically resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic may cause interruptions in our operations, a slow-down in the production or acquisition of new content, and changes in demand for our products and services, which may have a material adverse effect on our business operations and financial condition.
 

·

Competition could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

 ·Interruptions in our ability to provide our video on demand products and our service to our customers could damage our reputation, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

 

 ·The occurrence of cyber-incidents, or a deficiency in our cybersecurity or in those of any of our third party service providers, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information or damage to our business relationships or reputation, all of which could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

 


 ·The loss of key personnel, including our executive officers, could have a material adverse effect on us.

 

 ·Our inability to recruit or retain qualified personnel or maintain access to key third-party service providers and software developers, could have a material adverse effect on us.

 

 ·

The market price and trading volume of our securities may be volatile.

   

 ·We are required to make continuing payments to our affiliates, which may reduce our cash flow and profits. Additionally, conflicts of interest may arise between us and our affiliated companies and we have waived rights for monetary damages in the event of such conflicts.

Corporate Information

 

We are a Delaware corporation formed on May 4, 2016. CSS Productions, our predecessor and immediate parent company, was formed in December 2014 by CSS, and initiated operations in January 2015. We were formed to create a discrete entity focused on video content opportunities using the Brand. In May 2016, pursuant to the terms of the contribution agreement among CSS, CSS Productions and the Company, all video content assets owned by CSS, CSS Productions and their CSS subsidiaries were transferred to the Company in consideration for its issuance to CSS Productions of 8,600,568 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock (the “Class B Common Stock”).Stock. Thereafter, CSS Productions’ operating activities ceased, and the Company continued the business operations of producing and distributing the video content.

 

Our address is 132 East Putnam Avenue, Floor 2W, Cos Cob, CT 06807. Our telephone number is (855) 398-0443, and our website address is https://www.cssentertainment.com. The information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus.

 


SPECIFIC TERMS OF THE NOTES AND THE OFFERING

IssuerSellersChicken Soup forCertain stockholders of our company listed under the Soul Entertainment Inc.
Title of the Securities9.50% Notes due 2025
Initial Aggregate Principal Amount Being Offered$8.0 million
Option to Purchase Additional NotesThe underwriters may also purchase from us up to an additional $1.2 million aggregate principal amount of Notes within 30 days of the datesection of this prospectus (the “Option Notes”).entitled “Selling Shareholders.”
Public Offering PriceTerms100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes.
Principal Payable at MaturityThe principal amount of each Note will be payable on its stated maturity date at the corporate trust office of the Trustee, Paying Agent, Registrar and Transfer Agent for the Notes or at such other office in New York, New York as we may designate.
Type of NoteFixed rate note.
ListingThe issued and outstanding July 2025 Notes are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market and have been trading under the trading symbol “CSSEN” since July 21, 2020. We intend to list the Notes on the Nasdaq Global Market under the same trading symbol.
Rating of the NotesBBB from Egan-Jones Ratings Company. An explanation of the significance of ratingsShares may be obtained from the rating agency. Generally, rating agencies base their ratings on such material and information, and such of their own investigations, studies and assumptions, as they deem appropriate. The rating of the Notes should be evaluated independently from similar ratings of other securities. A credit rating of a security is paid forsold by the issuer and is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and may be subject to review, revision, suspension, reduction or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. See “Risk Factors — A downgrade, suspension or withdrawal of the credit rating assigned by a rating agency to us or the Notes, if any, could cause the liquidity or market value of the Notes to decline significantly.”


Interest Rate9.50% per year
Day Count Basis360-day year of twelve 30-day months
Original Issue DateJuly 17, 2020
Stated Maturity DateJuly 31, 2025
Date Interest Starts to AccrueOriginal Issue Date
Interest Payment DatesEvery March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31, beginning [__], 20[_]. If an interest payment date falls on a non-business day, the applicable interest payment will be made on the next business day and no additional interest will accrue as a result of such delayed payment.
Interest PeriodsThe initial interest period for the Notes will be the period from and including the Original Issue Date to, but excluding ______, 202___,  and the subsequent interest periods will be the periods from and including an interest payment date to, but excluding, the next interest payment date or the stated maturity date, as the case may be.

Regular Record Dates for InterestMarch 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15, beginning March 15, 2021.
Specified CurrencyU.S. Dollars
Place of PaymentNew York City
Ranking of Notes

The Notes will be our direct unsecured obligations and will rank:

·      Pari passu with, which means equal to, all of our currently outstanding unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by us, including the $22.1 million principal amount of the July 2025 Notes. The Notes will also rank pari passu with our general liabilities, which consist of trade and other payables, including any outstanding dividends payable on our 9.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”), interest and debt fees payable, vendor payables, film acquisition and programming obligations, and accrued participation costs and other expenses such as auditor fees, legal fees, director fees, etc. In total, these general liabilities were approximately $60.6 million as of September 30, 2020. We will have the ability to issue from time to time other debt securities with terms different from the Notes, including terms providing for seniority of such new debt securities, without the consent of the holders of the Notes, as further described below under “—Further Issuances.

·      Senior to any of our future indebtedness that expressly provides it is subordinated to the Notes. We currently do not have outstanding debt that is subordinated to the Notes and do not currently intend to issue indebtedness that expressly provides that it is subordinated to the Notes. Therefore, the Notes, as currently contemplated, will not be senior to any indebtedness or obligations.

·      Effectively subordinated to all of our existing and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant a security interest), including our $10,210,000 film acquisition advance from Great Point Media Limited which is secured by territorial licenses and distribution rights in certain films and productions owned or to be acquired by Screen Media, but only to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, as well as any secured indebtedness that we may incur in the future, such as a new loan facility, or any new indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant a security interest, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Notes, and any assets of our subsidiaries will not be directly available to satisfy the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes.


·      Structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other obligations of any of our subsidiaries and financing vehicles, including the unsecured $5,000,000 revolving credit facility between Landmark Studio Group, as borrower, and Cole Investments VII LLC, as lender (of which $2,500,000 is outstanding as of the date of this prospectus), since the Notes are obligations exclusively of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment Inc., and not of any of our subsidiaries. Structural subordination means that creditors of a parent entity are subordinate to creditors of a subsidiary entity with respect to the subsidiary’s assets.

Except as described under the captions “Description of the Notes — Events of Default” and “— Merger or Consolidation” in this prospectus, the indenture does not contain any provisions that give you protection in the event we issue a large amount of debt or we are acquired by another entity.

DenominationsWe will issue the Notes in denominations of $25.00 and integral multiples of $25.00 in excess thereof.
Business DayEach Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law or executive order to close.
Optional Redemptions

The Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part at any time orselling shareholders from time to time at our option onprevailing market or after July 31, 2022 upon not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days written notice by mail prior to the date fixed for redemption thereof. The redemption price shall include (i) 100% of the outstanding principal amount of the Notes called for redemption on the date fixed for redemption plus (ii) all accrued and unpaid interest payments otherwise payable thereon through the date fixed for redemption. In addition,privately negotiated prices as described in the eventsection of a merger or salethis prospectus entitled “Plan of the Company or substantially all of its assets or a majority of the Company’s equity (on an after issued basis) in one or a series of related transactions, we will have the right to redeem the Notes prior to July 31, 2022 in connection with the consummation of such transactions on the foregoing terms.

You may be prevented from exchanging or transferring the Notes when they are subject to redemption. In case any Notes are to be redeemed in part only, the redemption notice will provide that, upon surrender of such Note, you will receive, without charge, a new Note or Notes of authorized denominations representing the principal amount of your remaining unredeemed Notes.

If we redeem only some of the Notes, the Trustee will determine the method for selection of the particular Notes to be redeemed, in accordance with the indenture, and in accordance with the rules of any national securities exchange or quotation system on which the Notes are listed. Unless we default in payment of the redemption price, on and after the date of redemption, interest will cease to accrue on the Notes called for redemption.

Sinking FundDistribution.”The Notes will not be subject to any sinking fund (i.e., no amounts will be set aside by us to ensure repayment of the Notes at maturity). As a result, our ability to repay the Notes at maturity will depend on our financial condition on the date that we are required to repay the Notes.
No Repayment at OptionNumber of HoldersHolders will not have the option to have the Notes repaid prior to the stated maturity date.


DefeasanceThe Notes are subject to defeasance by us. “Defeasance” means that, by depositing with a trustee an amount of cash and/or government securities sufficient to pay all principal and interest, if any, on the Notes when due and satisfying any additional conditions required under the indenture relating to the Notes, we will be deemed to have been discharged from our obligations under the Notes.
Covenant DefeasanceThe Notes are subject to covenant defeasance by us. In the event of a “covenant defeasance,” upon depositing such funds and satisfying similar conditions discussed below we would be released from the restrictive covenants under the indenture relating to the Notes. The consequences to the holders of the Notes is that, while they no longer benefit from the restrictive covenants under the indenture, and while the Notes may not be accelerated for any reason, the holders of Notes nonetheless could look to us for repayment of the Notes if there were a shortfall in the funds deposited with the trustee or the trustee is prevented from making the payment.
Form of NotesThe Notes will be represented by global securities that will be deposited and registered in the name of The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or its nominee. This means that, except in limited circumstances, you will not receive certificates for the Notes. Beneficial interests in the Notes will be represented through book-entry accounts of financial institutions acting on behalf of beneficial owners as direct and indirect participants in DTC. Investors may elect to hold interests in the Notes through either DTC, if they are a participant, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in DTC.
Trustee, Paying Agent, Registrar, and Transfer AgentU.S. Bank National Association
Limitation on Restricted Paymentsshares offered

Upon (i) the failure to pay interest on any Note when such interest is due and payable or (ii) the occurrence1,022,727 shares of an Event of Default and while any such interest payment remains unpaid or such Event of Default is ongoing, the indenture prohibits us from taking the following actions:

·      Declaring or paying any dividend, making any distribution on or in respect of our capital stock or making any similar payment to the direct or indirect holders of our capital stock in their capacity as such;

·      Purchasing, repurchasing, redeeming, retiring or otherwise acquiring for value any of our capital stock held by any person (other than by us or a subsidiary of ours) or any capital stock of a subsidiary held by any of our affiliates;

·      Purchasing for value, prior to scheduled maturity, any scheduled repayment of any subordinated obligations; or

·      Making any investment in any person.Class A Common Stock

Events of Default

You will have rights if an Event of Default occurs with respect to the Notes.

The term “Event of Default” in respect of the Notes means any of the following:

·      We do not pay the principal (or premium, if any) of any Note, including any July 2025 Note, when due.

·      We do not pay interest on any Note, including any July 2025 Note, when due, and such default is not cured within 30 days.


·      We remain in breach of any other covenant with respect to the Notes, including the July 2025 Notes, for 60 days after we receive a written notice of default stating we are in breach. The notice must be sent by either the Trustee or holders of at least 25.0% of the principal amount of the Notes, including the July 2025 Notes, as a single series.

·      We file for bankruptcy or certain other events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur and in the case of certain orders or decrees entered against us under any bankruptcy law, such order or decree remains undischarged or unstayed for a period of 60 days.

Further IssuancesWe have the ability to issue additional debt securities under the Indenture with terms different from the Notes and, without consent of the holders thereof, as well as the ability to reopen the July 2025 Notes and Notes and issue additional notes in the same series. If we issue additional debt securities, these additional debt securities could rank higher in priority of payment or have a lien or other security interest greater than that accorded to the holders of the Notes.
Global Clearance and Settlement ProceduresInterests in the Notes will trade in DTC’s Same Day Funds Settlement System, and any permitted secondary market trading activity in such Notes will, therefore, be required by DTC to be settled in immediately available funds. None of the Trustee, the Paying Agent or us will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC or its participants or indirect participants of their respective obligations under the rules and procedures governing their operations.
Risk FactorsInvesting in the Notes involves risks. You should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus, our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q as well as the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus before deciding to invest in the Notes.
Use of Proceeds

We intend to use the netwill not receive any proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the Notessecurities by the selling shareholders. Pursuant to the terms of registration rights granted to the selling shareholders, we will pay the expenses of registering the securities for working capitalresale, but all selling commissions and general corporate purposes.   Weother similar expenses incurred by the selling shareholders will be paid by the selling shareholders.

Plan of DistributionThe selling stockholders may also use the proceeds to fund dividend payments, including on our Series A Preferred Stock. If we elect to purchase CPEH’s membership interests in Crackle Plus for cash (instead of using our Series A Preferred Stock), we may usesell all or a portion of the proceedsshares of common stock beneficially owned by them and offered hereby from time to time directly or through one or more underwriters, broker-dealers or agents. Registration of the common stock covered by this offering to purchaseprospectus does not mean, however, that such membership interests.shares necessarily will be offered or sold. See “Plan of Distribution.”
Nasdaq Global Market symbols

Class A Common Stock: CSSE

Risk FactorsSee “Risk Factors,” below, for a discussion of the factors you should consider before making an investment decision.
Transfer AgentContinental Stock Transfer & Trust Co. is the registrar and transfer agent of our Class A Common Stock.

 


RISK FACTORS

 

AnyAn investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Potential investors are urged to read andYou should consider carefully the following information about these risks, and uncertainties relating to an investment intogether with the Company as set forthother information contained in this prospectus, andincluding the matters addressed in the documents we incorporate by reference herein. Potential investors also should readsection entitled “Notes on Forward-Looking Statements,” beginning on page iv of this prospectus, before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition, and considerresults of operations may be materially and adversely affected as a result of any of the risks and uncertainties discussed underfollowing risks. The value of our securities could decline as a result of any of these risks. You could lose all or part of your investment in our securities. Some of the itemstatements in “Risk Factors” inare forward-looking statements. The following risk factors are not the only risk factors facing our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, and our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and annual reports on Form 10-K, all of which are incorporated herein by reference, and may be amended, supplemented, or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future.Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations. Ifoperations and it is not possible to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on us or the extent to which any factor or combination of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition,factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in or results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price for our securities could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.implied by any forward-looking statements.

 

Risks Relating to COVID-19

 

Our business, results of operations, and financial condition has been and may continue to be impacted by the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.

 

The global spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and the various attempts to contain it have created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. In response to government mandates, health care advisories and otherwise responding to employee and vendor concerns, we have altered certain aspects of our operations. Our workforce has had to spend a significant amount of time working from home, which may impact their productivity. Many of our productions have been paused or delayed, as are productions of third-parties who supply us with content. Many of these paused or delayed productions have commenced or have been planned to commence in the fourth quarter.near term.  Other operating partners have similarly had their operations altered or temporarily suspended, including those partners that we use for our Crackle Plus operations as well as our partners for development, production and post-production of content. To the extent the resulting economic disruption is severe, we could see some vendors go out of business, resulting in supply constraints and increased costs or delays to our operations. Such pauses may cause us to have less new content available on our service, which has had an impact on our revenue and may have a material impact on our business in subsequent quarters, due to reduced consumer demand for and user retention to our services. Temporary operation pauses or permanent shutdowns could result in content asset impairments or other charges and could change the timing and amount of cash outflows associated with operating activity.

 

The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it impacts our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; the availability and cost to access the capital markets; market volatility; the effect on our customers and customer demand for our services; disruptions or restrictions on our employees’ ability to work and travel; interruptions or restrictions related to the provision of streaming services over the internet, including impacts on content delivery networks and streaming quality; and any stoppages, disruptions or increased costs associated with our development, production, post-production, marketing and distribution of original programming. Furthermore, given increased government expenditures associated with their COVID-19 response, we could see increased government obligations which could negatively impact our results of operations. If we need to access the capital markets in the future, there can be no assurance that financing may be available on attractive terms, if at all. We will continue to actively monitor the issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic and may take further actions that alter our business operations, including content production, as may be required by federal, state, local or foreign authorities, or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners and stockholders. It is not clear what the potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business, including the effects on our customers, suppliers or vendors, or on our financial results.

 


In addition to the potential direct impacts to our business, the global economy is likely to be significantly weakened as a result of the actions taken in response to COVID-19. To the extent that such a weakened global economy impacts customers’ and partners ability or willingness to pay for our services or vendors’ ability to provide services to us, we could see our business and results of operation negatively impacted.

 


Risks Related to Our Operations

 

We have incurred operating losses in the past, may incur operating losses in the future and may never achieve or maintain profitability.

 

As of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $32.7 million and $67.2 million, respectively, and for the year ended December 31, 2019 and the three months ended September 30, 2020, we had a net loss of approximately $35.0 million and $13.0 million, respectively. We expect our operating expenses to increase in the future as we continue to expand our operations. If our revenue and gross profit do not grow at a greater rate than our operating expenses, we will not be able to achieve and maintain profitability. Our indebtedness could limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in the market in which we compete. Although we believe we have adequate sources of liquidity to meet our anticipated requirements for working capital, debt service, capital expenditures, cash dividend payments on our Series A Preferred Stock, and cash interest payments on our July 2025 Notesoutstanding notes and the Notes offered hereby,other debt obligations, there can be no assurance that our cash flow from operations will be sufficient to service our debt, which may require us to borrow additional funds for that purpose, restructure or otherwise refinance our debt. Additionally, we may encounter unforeseen operating or legal expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other factors that may result in losses in future periods. If our expenses exceed our revenue, we may never achieve or maintain profitability and some or all aspects of our business operations may need to be modified or curtailed.

 


We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service our debt and other obligations.

 

Our ability to make payments on our debt, including interest payments on our July 2025outstanding Notes, and the Notes offered hereby, our cash dividend payments on our Series A Preferred Stock, and our other obligations will depend on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may be unable to attain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our debt, including the July 2025interest payments on our outstanding Notes, and the Notes offered hereby, and other obligations, including the cash dividend payments on our Series A Preferred Stock.

 

If we are unable to service our debt and other obligations from cash flows, we may need to refinance or restructure all or a portion of such obligations prior to maturity. Our ability to refinance or restructure our debt and other obligations will depend upon the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing or restructuring could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. If our cash flows are insufficient to service our debt and other obligations, we may not be able to refinance or restructure any of these obligations on commercially reasonable terms or at all and any refinancing or restructuring could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

 

If our cash flows are insufficient to fund our debt and other obligations and we are unable to refinance or restructure these obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments or to sell material assets or operations to meet our debt and other obligations. We cannot assure you that we would be able to implement any of these alternative measures on satisfactory terms or at all or that the proceeds from such alternatives would be adequate to meet any debt or other obligations then due. If it becomes necessary to implement any of these alternative measures, our business, results of operations, or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

 

We do not have a long operating history on which to evaluate our company.

 

Our predecessor, CSS Productions, was formed in December 2014 and we were formed in May 2016 to acquire CSS Productions’ assets in order to create a discrete, focused entity to pursue video content opportunities using the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand. We focused our company in the area of video on demand in 2017 and have a limited history in operating commercial video on demand offerings. A significant portion of our video on demand operations assets was acquired by us from CPE Holdings, IncCPEH in May 2019, and we have only a limited history in controlling and operating such assets. We face all the risks faced by newer companies in the media industry, including significant competition from existing and emerging media producers and distributors, many of which are significantly more established, larger and better financed than our Company.

 

We may not realize the advantages we expect from Crackle Plus

 

In May 2019, we consummated a contribution agreement with CPE Holdings, Inc. (“CPEH”),CPEH, an affiliate of Sony Pictures Television Inc., pursuant to which we and CPEH contributed certain assets relating to our respective VOD businesses to oura newly formed majority owned subsidiary, Crackle Plus. We have since acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Crackle Plus owned by CPEH, such that it is now a wholly owned subsidiary.

 

Our quarterly and annual operating results may fluctuate due to the costs and expenses of acquiring and managing the Crackle Plus business. We may require additional debt or equity financing for the Crackle Plus business, resulting in additional leverage or dilution of ownership therein.

 


Additionally, CPEH has certain protective voting rights in Crackle Plus. Certain actions require supermajority approval of the board of managers of Crackle Plus, including the managers appointed by CPEH. As a result, our investment in Crackle Plus involves risks that are different from the risks involved in our independent operations. These risks include the possibility that CPEH has economic or business interests or goals that are or become inconsistent with our overall economic or business interests or goals.

The operating agreement between us and CPEH provides CPEH the right to either convert its membership interests in Crackle Plus into common units of Crackle Plus or put its membership interests in Crackle Plus to us at certain times and on the terms specified in the operating agreement. If CPEH elects to convert its membership interest in Crackle Plus into common units of Crackle Plus, our ownership interest will be reduced to a 51% interest. If CPEH exercises its put right, we may pay the purchase price for CPEH’s membership interests in cash or in shares of our Series A Preferred Stock, at our option. Subject to certain limitations, if CPEH has not exercised its put or conversion right by December 14, 2020, CPEH will be deemed to have automatically exercised the put right on December 14, 2020. If we elect to purchase CPEH’s membership interests in Crackle Plus for cash (instead of using our Series A Preferred Stock), we may use a portion of the proceeds of this offering to purchase such membership interests.

 

If our efforts to attract and retain VOD viewers are not successful, our business may be adversely affected.

 

Our success depends in part on attracting viewers, retaining them on our VOD service and ultimately monetizing our VOD services and content offerings. As such, we are seeking to expand our viewer base and increase the number of hours that are streamed across our platforms to create additional revenue opportunities. To attract and retain viewers, we need to be able to respond efficiently to changes in consumer tastes and preferences and to offer our viewers access to the content they enjoy on terms that they accept. Effective monetization may require us to continue to update the features and functionality of our VOD offerings for viewers and advertisers.

 

Our ability to attract viewers will depend in part on our ability to effectively market our services, as well as provide a quality experience for selecting and viewing TV series and movies. Furthermore, the relative service levels, content offerings, pricing and related features of competitors as compared to our service will determine our ability to attract and retain viewers. Competitors include other streaming entertainment providers, including those that provide AVOD and SVOD offerings, and other direct-to-consumer video distributors and more broadly other sources of entertainment that our viewers could choose in their moments of free time. If consumers do not perceive our service offerings to be of value, including if we introduce new or adjust existing features or service offerings, or change the mix of content in a manner that is not favorably received by them, we may not be able to attract and retain consumers. In addition, many of our consumers originate from word-of-mouth advertising from existing viewers. If we do not grow as expected, we may not be able to adjust our expenditures or increase our revenues commensurate with the lowered growth rate such that our margins, liquidity and results of operation may be adversely impacted. If we are unable to successfully compete with current and new competitors in both retaining our existing viewers and attracting new viewers, our business may be adversely affected.

 

Changes in competitive offerings for entertainment video could adversely impact our business.

 

The market for entertainment video is subject to rapid change. Through new and existing distribution channels, consumers have increasing options to access entertainment video. The various economic models underlying these channels include subscription, transactional, and ad-supported models. All of these have the potential to capture meaningful segments of the entertainment video market. Traditional providers of entertainment video, including broadcasters and cable network operators, as well as internet-based e-commerce or entertainment video providers are increasing their streaming video offerings. Several of these competitors have long operating histories, large customer bases, strong brand recognition, exclusive rights to certain content and significant financial, marketing and other resources. Competitors may secure better terms from content suppliers and devote more resources to product development, technology, infrastructure, content acquisitions and marketing. New entrants may enter the market or existing providers may adjust their services with unique offerings or approaches to providing entertainment video. Our competitors also may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitive positions. If we are unable to successfully or profitably compete with current and new competitors, our business may be adversely affected, and we may not be able to increase or maintain market share, revenues or profitability.

 


Our long-term results of operations are difficult to predict and depend on the commercial success of our VOD platforms as well as successful monetization of our video content in other ways and the continued strength of the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand.

 

Video streaming is a rapidly evolving industry, making our business and prospects difficult to evaluate. The growth and profitability of this industry and the level of demand and market acceptance for our VOD platforms and content offerings are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. We believe that the continued growth of streaming as an entertainment alternative will depend on the availability and growth of cost-effective broadband internet access, the quality of broadband content delivery, the quality and reliability of new devices and technology, the cost for viewers relative to other sources of content, as well as the quality and breadth of content that is delivered across streaming platforms. These technologies, products and content offerings continue to emerge and evolve. In addition, many advertisers continue to devote a substantial portion of their advertising budgets to traditional advertising, such as linear TV, radio and print. The future growth of our business depends on the growth of digital advertising, and on advertisers increasing their spend on such advertising. We cannot be certain that they will do so. If advertisers do not perceive meaningful benefits of digital advertising, the market may develop more slowly than we expect, which could adversely impact our operating results and our ability to grow our business.

 

In addition, monetization of content that we produce and acquire from sources other than our AVOD network is an essential element of our strategy.  Our ability in the long-term to obtain sponsorships, licensing arrangements, co-productions and tax credits and to distribute our original programming and acquired video content will depend, in part, upon the commercial success of the content that we initially produce and distribute and, in part, on the continued strength of the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand.  We cannot ensure that we will produce, acquire, and distribute successful content.  The continued strength of the brand will be affected in large part by the operations of CSS and its other business operations, none of which we control. CSS utilizes the brand through its other subsidiaries for various commercial purposes, including the sale of books (including educational curriculum products), pet foods and other consumer products. Negative publicity relating to CSS or its other subsidiaries or the brand, or any diminution in the perception of the brand could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects. We cannot assure you that we will manage the production and distribution of all of our video content successfully, that all or any portion of our video content will be met with critical acclaim or will be embraced by audiences on a one-time or repeated basis, or that the strength of the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand will not diminish over time.

 

We may not be successful in our efforts to further monetize our VOD services

 

Our AVOD platforms generate revenue primarily from digital advertising and audience development campaigns that run across our streaming platform and from content distribution services. Our ability to deliver more relevant advertisements to our viewers and to increase our platform’s value to advertisers and content publishers depends on the collection of user engagement data, which may be restricted or prevented by a number of factors. Viewers may decide to opt out or restrict our ability to collect personal viewing data or to provide them with more relevant advertisements.  While we have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, growth in our revenue from advertising, our efforts to monetize our streaming platform through the distribution of AVOD content are still developing and our advertising revenue may not grow as we expect. This means of monetization will require us to continue to attract advertising dollars to our streaming platform as well as deliver AVOD content that appeals to viewers. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in monetizing our streaming platform through the distribution of ad-supported content.

 

In addition, with the recent spread of the coronavirus throughout the United States and the rest of the world, companies advertising plans and amounts available for advertising may be significantly restricted or discontinued which could also impact our ability to monetize our AVOD platform.

 

Our reliance on third parties for content, production and distribution could limit our control over the quality of the finished video content.

 

We currently have limited production capabilities and are reliant on relationships with third parties for much of these capabilities. Working with third parties is an integral part of our strategy to produce video content on a cost-efficient basis, and our reliance on such third parties could lessen the control we have over the projects. Should the third-party producers we rely upon not produce completed projects to the standards we expect and desire, critical and audience acceptance of such projects could suffer, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to produce and distribute future projects. In particular, due to the global spread of COVID-19, and in response to government mandates and healthcare advisories, certain of our vendors and partners have had their operations altered or temporarily suspended, including vendors that supply us with our streaming content and partners that we use for the development and production of content. Any such production pauses could cause us to have less new content available on our service, which could negatively impact consumer demand for our service, which may in turn adversely impact our advertising revenue. A limited number of content publishers account for a significant portion of the hours streamed on our Crackle Plus and other streaming platforms.  If, for any reason, these publishers fail to provide us with content, whether due to the COVID-19 pandemic or otherwise, our streaming hours, active viewers, and advertising revenue may be adversely affected, and our business may be harmed. Further, either during the COVID-19 pandemic or after it subsides, we cannot be assured of entering into favorable agreements with third-party content producers on economically favorable terms or on terms that provide us with satisfactory intellectual property rights in the completed projects.

 


An integral part of our strategy is to initially minimize our production, content acquisition and distribution costs by utilizing funding sources provided by others, however, such sources may not be readily available.

 

The production acquisition and distribution of video content can require a significant amount of capital. As part of our strategy, we seek to fund the production, content acquisition, and distribution of our video content through co-productions, tax credits, film acquisition advances, upfront fees from sponsors, licensors, broadcasters, cable and satellite outlets and other producers and distributors, as well as through other initiatives. Such funding from the aforementioned sources or other sources may not be available on attractive terms or at all, as and when we need such funding. To the extent we are not able to secure agreements of this sort, we may need to curtail the amount of video content being produced or acquired by us or use our operating or other funds to pay for such video content, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 

Due to the effect of the coronavirus, the interest and ability of sponsors to enter into and invest in co-production agreements may not be attractive or considered at this time.

 

As we grow, we may seek to fund and produce more of our video content directly, subjecting us to significant additional risks.

 

Our current strategy of funding the production, acquisition, and distribution of our video content through the payment of upfront fees by third parties may limit the backend return to us. If we should determine to use our own funds to produce, acquire, and distribute more of our video content in order to capture greater backend returns, we would face significant additional risks, such as the need to internally advance funds ahead of revenue generation and cost recoupment and the need to divert some of our resources and efforts away from other operations. In order to reduce these risks, we may determine to raise additional equity or incur additional indebtedness. In such event, our stockholders and our company will be subjected to the risks associated with issuing more equity or increasing our debt obligations.

 


If studios, content providers or other rights holders are unable or refuse to license content or other rights upon terms acceptable to us, our business could be adversely affected.

 

Our ability to provide content depends on studios, content providers and other rights holders licensing rights to distribute such content and certain related elements thereof, such as the public performance of music contained within the content we distribute. If studios, content providers and other rights holders are not or are no longer willing or able to license us content upon terms acceptable to us, our ability to provide content will be adversely affected and/or our costs could increase.

 

Certain conflicts of interest may arise between us and our affiliated companies and we have waived certain rights with respect thereto.

 

Our certificate of incorporation includes a provision stating that we renounce any interest or expectancy in any business opportunities that are presented to us or our officers, directors or stockholders or affiliates thereof, including but not limited to CSS Productions and its affiliates (collectively, the “CSS Companies”), except as may be set forth in any written agreement between us and any of the CSS Companies (such as the CSS License Agreement under which CSS has agreed that all video content operations shall be conducted only through CSS Entertainment). This provision also states that, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, our officers, directors and employees shall not be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of any of our activities or any activities of any of the CSS Companies. As a result of these provisions, there may be conflicts of interest among us and our officers, directors, stockholders or their affiliates, including the CSS Companies, relating to business opportunities, and we have waived our right to monetary damages in the event of any such conflict.

 

We are required to make continuing payments to our affiliates, which may reduce our cash flow and profits.

 

We are required to make significant payments to our affiliates as described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Management and License Fees” in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.this propectus. Accordingly, in the aggregate, 10% of our net revenue will be paid to our affiliates on a continuous basis and will not be otherwise available to us.

 

If a project we are producing incurs substantial budget overruns, we may have to seek additional financing from outside sources to complete production or fund the overrun ourselves.

 

If a production we are funding incurs substantial budget overruns, we may have to seek additional financing from outside sources to complete production or fund the overrun ourselves. We cannot be certain that any required financing will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all, or that we will be able to recoup the costs of overruns. Increased costs incurred with respect to a project may result in the production not being ready for release at the intended time, which could cause a decline in the commercial performance of the project. Budget overruns could also prevent a project from being completed or released at all and adversely affect our operating results.

 


We are subject to risks associated with possible acquisitions, business combinations, or joint ventures.

 

We are actively pursuing discussions and activities with respect to possible acquisitions, sale of assets, business combinations, or joint ventures intended to complement or expand our business, some of which may be significant transactions for us. We may not realize the anticipated benefit from any of the transactions we pursue. Regardless of whether we consummate any such transaction, the negotiation of a potential transaction could require us to incur significant costs and cause diversion of management’s time and resources.

 

Integrating any business that we acquire may be distracting to our management and disruptive to our business and may result in significant costs to us. We could face several challenges in the consolidation and integration of information technology, accounting systems, personnel and operations. Any such transaction could also result in impairment of goodwill and other intangibles, development write-offs and other related expenses. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 

Our operating results may fluctuate.

 

Our operating results are dependent, in part, on management’s estimates of revenue to be earned over the life of a project. We will regularly review and revise our revenue estimates. This review may result in a change in the rate of amortization and/or a write-down of the video content asset to its estimated realizable value. Results of operations in future years depend upon our amortization of our video content costs. Periodic adjustments in amortization rates may significantly affect these results. Further, as many of our third-party relationships will be on a project-by-project basis, the profits, if any, generated from various projects will fluctuate based on the terms of the agreements between us and our third-party producers and distributors.

 


Variations in our quarterly and year-end operating results are difficult to predict and our income and cash flows may fluctuate significantly from period to period, which may impact our board of directors’ willingness or legal ability to declare a monthly dividend.. Specific factors that may cause fluctuations in our operating results include:

 

 ·demand and pricing for our products and services;

 ·introduction of competing products;

 ·our operating expenses which fluctuate due to growth of our business;

 ·timing and popularity of new video content offerings and changes in viewing habits or the emergence of new content distribution platforms;

 ·variable sales cycle and implementation periods for content and services; and

 ·the continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental responses thereto.

 

As a result of the foregoing and other factors, our results of operations may fluctuate significantly from period to period, and the results of any one period may not be indicative of the results for any future period.

 

Distributors’ failure to promote our video content could adversely affect our revenue and could adversely affect our business results.

 

We will not always control the timing and way in which our licensed distributors distribute our video content offerings. However, their decisions regarding the timing of release and promotional support are important in determining our success. Any decision by those distributors not to distribute or promote our video content or to promote our competitors’ video content to a greater extent than they promote our content could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 

We are smaller and less diversified than many of our competitors.

 

Many of the producers and studios with which we compete are part of large diversified corporate groups with a variety of other operations, including television networks, cable channels and other diversified companies such as Amazon, which can provide both the means of distributing their products and stable sources of earnings that may allow them to better offset fluctuations in the financial performance of their operations. In addition, the major studios have more resources with which to compete for ideas, storylines and scripts created by third parties as well as for actors, and other personnel required for production. The resources of the major producers and studios may also give them an advantage in acquiring other businesses or assets, including video content libraries, that we might also be interested in acquiring.

 


We face risks from doing business internationally.

 

We intend to increase the distribution of our video content outside the U.S. and thereby derive significant revenue in foreign jurisdictions. As a result, our business is subject to certain risks inherent in international business, many of which are beyond our control. These risks include:

 

 ·laws and policies affecting trade, investment and taxes, including laws and policies relating to the repatriation of funds and withholding taxes, and changes in these laws;

 ·the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar laws regulating interactions and dealings with foreign government officials;

 ·changes in local regulatory requirements, including restrictions on video content;

 ·differing cultural tastes and attitudes;

 ·differing and more stringent user protection, data protection, privacy and other laws;

 ·differing degrees of protection for intellectual property;

 ·financial instability and increased market concentration of buyers in foreign television markets;

 ·the instability of foreign economies and governments;

 ·fluctuating foreign exchange rates;

 ·the spread of communicable diseases, including COVID-19, in such jurisdictions, and government responses to contain the spread of such diseases, including border closures, stay-at-home orders and quarantines, which may impact business in such jurisdictions; and

 ·war and acts of terrorism.

 


Events or developments related to these and other risks associated with international trade could adversely affect our revenue from non-U.S. sources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 

Protecting and defending against intellectual property claims may have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Our ability to compete depends, in part, upon successful protection of our intellectual property relating to our video content and the protection of the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand. We protect proprietary and intellectual property rights to our productions through available copyright and trademark laws and licensing and distribution arrangements with reputable international companies in specific territories and media. Under the terms of the CSS License Agreement, CSS has the primary right to take actions to protect the Brand, and, if it does not, and we reasonably deem any infringement thereof is materially harmful to our business, we may elect to seek action to protect the Brand ourselves. Although in the former case, we would equitably share in any recovery, and in the latter case, we would retain the entirety of any recovery, should CSS determine not to prosecute infringement of the Brand, we could be materially harmed and could incur substantial cost in prosecuting an infringement of the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand.

 

Others may assert intellectual property infringement claims against us.

 

It is possible that others may claim from time to time that our productions and production techniques misappropriate or infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties with respect to their previously developed content, stories, characters and other entertainment or intellectual property. Additionally, although CSS is obligated to indemnify us for claims related to our use of the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand in accordance with the CSS License Agreement, we could face lawsuits with respect to claims relating thereto. Irrespective of the validity or the successful assertion of any such claims, we could incur significant costs and diversion of resources in defending against them, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 


Our business involves risks of liability claims for video content, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

As a producer and distributor of video content, we may face potential liability for defamation, invasion of privacy, negligence and other claims based on the nature and content of the materials distributed. These types of claims have been brought, sometimes successfully, against producers and distributors of video content. Any imposition of liability that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 

Piracy of video content may harm our business.

 

Video content piracy is extensive in many parts of the world, including South America, Asia, and certain Eastern European countries, and is made easier by technological advances and the conversion of video content into digital formats. This trend facilitates the creation, transmission and sharing of high-quality unauthorized copies of video content on DVDs, Blu-ray discs, from pay-per-view through set-top boxes and other devices and through unlicensed broadcasts on free television and the internet. The proliferation of unauthorized copies of our video content could have an adverse effect on our business.

 

Any significant disruption in the computer systems of third parties that we utilize in our operations could result in a loss or degradation of service and could adversely impact our business.

 

Our reputation and ability to attract, retain and serve our viewers is dependent upon the reliable performance of the computer systems of third parties that we utilize in our operations. These systems may be subject to damage or interruption from earthquakes, adverse weather conditions, other natural disasters, terrorist attacks, power loss, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, computer denial of service attacks or other attempts to harm these systems. Interruptions in these systems or to the internet in general, could make our content unavailable or impair our ability to deliver such content.

 

Our online activities are subject to a variety of laws and regulations relating to privacy, which, if violated, could subject us to an increased risk of litigation and regulatory actions.

 

In addition to our websites, we use third-party applications, websites, and social media platforms to promote our video content offerings and engage consumers, as well as monitor and collect certain information about consumers. There are a variety of laws and regulations governing individual privacy and the protection and use of information collected from such individuals, particularly in relation to an individual’s personally identifiable information. The United States is seeing the adoption of state-level laws governing individual privacy. This includes the California Consumer Protection Act, Massachusetts General Law 93H and regulations adopted thereunder, and the New York SHIELD Act. Many foreign countries and supranational organizations have adopted similar laws governing individual privacy, such as the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), some of which are more restrictive than similar United States laws. If our online activities were to violate any applicable current or future laws and regulations that limit our ability to collect, transfer, and use data, we could be subject to litigation from both private rights of action, class action lawsuits, and regulatory actions, including fines and other penalties. Internationally, we may become subject to evolving, additional and/or more stringent legal obligations concerning our treatment of customer and other personal information, such as laws regarding data localization and/or restrictions on data export. Failure to comply with these obligations could subject us to liability, and to the extent that we need to alter our business model or practices to adapt to these obligations, we could incur additional expenses.

 


If government regulations relating to the internet or other areas of our business change, we may need to alter the way we conduct our business or incur greater operating expenses.

 

The adoption or modification of laws or regulations relating to the internet or other areas of our business could limit or otherwise adversely affect the way we currently conduct our business. In addition, the continued growth and development of the market for online commerce may lead to more stringent consumer protection laws, which may impose additional burdens on us such as recent adoption of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation.EU’s GDPR. If we are required to comply with new regulations or legislation or new interpretations of existing regulations or legislation, this compliance could cause us to incur additional expenses or alter our operations.

 

If we experience rapid growth, we may not manage our growth effectively, execute our business plan as proposed or adequately address competitive challenges.

 

We anticipate continuing to grow our business and operations rapidly. Our growth strategy includes organic initiatives and acquisitions. Such growth could place a significant strain on the management, administrative, operational and financial infrastructure we utilize, a portion of which is made available to us by our affiliates under the Management Agreement between us and CSS (“CSS Management Agreement”). Our long-term success will depend, in part, on our ability to manage this growth effectively, obtain the necessary support and resources under the CSS Management Agreement and grow our own internal resources as required, including internal management and staff personnel. To manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we also will need to increase our internal operational, financial and management controls, and our reporting systems and procedures. Failure to effectively manage growth could result in difficulty or delays in producing our video content, declines in overall project quality and increases in costs. Any of these difficulties could adversely impact our business financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 


Our exclusive license to use the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand could be terminated in certain circumstances.

 

We do not own the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand or any other Chicken Soup for the Soul-related assets (including books), other than those assets transferred to us under the CSS Contribution Agreement. The Brand is licensed to us by CSS under the terms of the CSS License Agreement. CSS controls the Brand, and the continued integrity and strength of the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand will depend in large part on the efforts and businesses of CSS and how the brand is used, promoted and protected by CSS, which will be outside of the immediate control of our company. Although the license granted to us under the CSS License Agreement is perpetual, it may be terminated by CSS upon the cessation of our business, our bankruptcy, liquidation, or insolvency, or if we fail to pay any sums due or otherwise fail to perform under the License Agreement within 30 days following delivery of a second written notice by CSS.

 

We may not be able to realize the entire book value of goodwill and other intangible assets from the formation of Crackle Plus and other acquisitions.

 

As of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, we had approximately $21.4 million of goodwill and approximately $47.6 million and $32.7 million, respectively, of net intangible assets, primarily related to the formation of Crackle Plus and other acquisitions. We assess goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment at least annually and more frequently if certain events or circumstances warrant. If the book value of goodwill or other intangible assets is impaired, any such impairment would be charged to earnings in the period of impairment. If we determine that goodwill and other intangible assets are impaired in the future, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Claims against us relating to any acquisition or business combination may necessitate our seeking claims against the seller for which the seller may not indemnify us or that may exceed the seller’s indemnification obligations.

 

There may be liabilities assumed in any acquisition or business combination that we did not discover or that we underestimated in the course of performing our due diligence. Although a seller generally may have indemnification obligations to us under an acquisition or merger agreement, these obligations usually will be subject to financial limitations, such as general deductibles and maximum recovery amounts, as well as time limitations. We cannot assure you that our right to indemnification from any seller will be enforceable, collectible or sufficient in amount, scope or duration to fully offset the amount of any undiscovered or underestimated liabilities that we may incur. Any such liabilities, individually or in the aggregate, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 

We may require and not be able to obtain additional funding to meet increased capital needs after an acquisition.

 

Our ability to grow through acquisitions, business combinations and joint ventures and our ability to fund our operating expenses after one or more acquisitions may depend upon our ability to obtain funds through equity financing, debt financing (including credit facilities) or the sale or syndication of some or all of our interests in certain projects or other assets or businesses. If we do not have access to such financing arrangements, and if other funds do not become available on terms acceptable to us, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 


Our success depends on our management and relationships with our affiliated companies.

 

Our success depends to a significant extent on the performance of our management personnel and key employees, including production and creative personnel, made available to us through the CSS Management Agreement. The loss of the services of such persons or the resources supplied to us by our affiliated companies could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 

To be successful, we need to attract and retain qualified personnel.

 

Our success will depend to a significant extent on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train and retain qualified professional, creative, technical and managerial personnel. Competition for the caliber of talent required to produce and distribute our video content continues to increase. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in identifying, attracting, hiring, training and retaining such personnel in the future. If we were unable to hire, assimilate and retain qualified personnel in the future, such inability could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity and prospects.

 


We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our securities less attractive to investors.

 

We are an “emerging growth company”, as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our securities less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our securities less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our Class A common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, and Notespublicly traded notes and the trading price of such securities may be more volatile.

 

In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We are choosing to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This may make comparison of our financial statements with another public company which is not an emerging growth company difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

 

We will remain an “emerging growth company” for up to five years, although we will lose that status sooner if our revenue exceeds $1.07 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or if the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of June 30 of any year.

 

Since our content is digitally stored and distributed online, and we accept online payments for various subscription services, we face numerous cybersecurity risks.

 

We utilize information technology systems, including third-party hosted servers and cloud-based servers, to host our digital content, as well as to keep business, financial, and corporate records, communicate internally and externally, and operate other critical functions. If any of our internal systems or the systems of our third-party providers are compromised due to computer virus, unauthorized access, malware, and the like, then sensitive documents could be exposed or deleted, and our ability to conduct business could be impaired.

 

Cyber incidents can result from deliberate attacks or unintentional events. These incidents can include, but are not limited to, unauthorized access to our systems, computer viruses or other malicious code, denial of service attacks, malware, ransomware, phishing, SQL injection attacks, human error, or other events that result in security breaches or give rise to the manipulation or loss of sensitive information or assets. Cyber incidents can be caused by various persons or groups, including disgruntled employees and vendors, activists, organized crime groups, and state-sponsored and individual hackers. Cyber incidents can also be caused or aggravated by natural events, such as earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, and telecommunications failures.

 

To date, we have not experienced any material losses relating to cyber-attacks, computer viruses, or other systems failures. Although we have taken steps to protect the security of data maintained in our information systems, it is possible that our security measures will not be able to prevent the systems’ improper functioning or the improper disclosure of personally identifiable information, such as in the event of cyber-attacks. In addition to operational and business consequences, if our cybersecurity is breached, we could be held liable to our customers or other parties in regulatory or other actions, and we may be exposed to reputation damages and loss of trust and business. This could result in costly investigations and litigation, civil or criminal penalties, fines, and negative publicity.

 


Certain information relating to our customers, including personally identifiable information and credit card numbers, is collected and maintained by us, or by third parties that do business with us or facilitate our business activities. This information is maintained for a period of time for various business purposes, including maintaining records of customer preferences to enhance our customer service and for billing, marketing, and promotional purposes. We also maintain personally identifiable information about our employees. The integrity and protection of our customer, employee and company data is critical to our business. Our customers and our employees expect that we will adequately protect their personal information, and the regulations applicable to security and privacy are increasingly demanding. Privacy regulation is an evolving area and compliance with applicable privacy regulations may increase our operating costs or adversely impact our ability to service our customers and market our properties and services.

 


The occurrence of natural or man-made disasters could result in declines in business that could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

 

We are exposed to various risks arising out of natural disasters, including earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, floods, landslides, tornadoes, typhoons, tsunamis, hailstorms, explosions, climate events or weather patterns and pandemic health events (such as the recent pandemic spread of the novel corona virus known as COVID-19 virus, duration and full effects of which are still uncertain), as well as man-made disasters, including acts of terrorism, military actions, cyber-terrorism, explosions and biological, chemical or radiological events. The continued threat of terrorism and ongoing military actions may cause significant volatility in global financial markets, and a natural or man-made disaster could trigger an economic downturn in the areas directly or indirectly affected by the disaster. These consequences could, among other things, result in a decline in business. Disasters also could disrupt public and private infrastructure, including communications and financial services, which could disrupt our normal business operations. A natural or man-made disaster also could disrupt the operations of our partners and counterparties or result in increased prices for the products and services they provide to us.

 

Our chairman and chief executive officer effectively controls our company.

 

We have two classes of common stock — Class A common stock,Common Stock, each share of which entitles the holder thereof to one vote on any matter submitted to our stockholders, and Class B common stock,Common Stock, each share of which entitles the holder thereof to ten votes on any matter submitted to our stockholders. Our chairman and chief executive officer, William J. Rouhana, Jr., has control over the vast majority of all the outstanding voting power as represented by our outstanding Class B and Class A common stockCommon Stock and effectively controls CSS Holdings and CSS, which controls CSS Productions, and, in turn, our company. Further, our bylaws provide that any member of our board may be removed with or without cause by the majority of our outstanding voting power, thus Mr. Rouhana exerts significant control over our board. This concentration of ownership and decision making may make it more difficult for other stockholders to effect substantial changes in our company and may also have the effect of delaying, preventing or expediting, as the case may be, a change in control of our company.

 

Risks Related to the OfferingOwning our Class A Common Stock

 

The Notes will be unsecured and therefore are effectively subordinated to any secured indebtedness we have incurredSales of substantial amounts of our Class A Common Stock by the selling shareholders, or may incur in the future.perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the price of our Class A Common Stock.

 

The Notes will not be securedsale by anythe selling shareholders of our assets. Asa significant number of shares of Class A Common Stock, or the perception in the public markets that the selling shareholders may sell all or a portion of their Class A Common Stock as a result the Notes will be effectively subordinated to all of our existing and future secured indebtedness, such as any new loan facility or other indebtedness to which we grant a security interest, including our $10,210,000 film acquisition advance from Great Point Media Limited which is secured by territorial licenses and distribution rights in certain films and productions owned or to be acquired by Screen Media, but only to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Notes.

The Notes will be structurally subordinated to the existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries.

The Notes will be obligations exclusively of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment Inc., and not any of our subsidiaries. In addition, the Notes will not be guaranteed by any third-party, whether an affiliate or unrelated to us. None of the assets of our subsidiaries will be directly available to satisfy the claims of holders of the Notes. Except to the extent we are a creditor with recognized claims against our subsidiaries, all claims of creditors of our subsidiaries will have priority over our equity interests in such entities (and therefore the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes) with respect to the assetsregistration of such entities. Even if we are recognized as a creditor of one or more of these entities, our claims would still be effectively subordinated to any security interests in the assets of any such entity and to any indebtedness or other liabilities of any such entity senior to our claims. Consequently, the Notes will be structurally subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of any of our subsidiaries, including, for example, the unsecured $5,000,000 revolving credit facility between Landmark Studio Group, as borrower, and Cole Investments VII LLC, as lender (of which $2,500,000 is outstanding as of the date of this prospectus). Landmark Studio Group may borrow up to an additional $2,500,000 under the revolving credit facility. In addition, our subsidiaries and these entities may incur substantial indebtedness in the future, all of which would be structurally senior to the Notes.

The indenture under which the Notes are issued contains limited protection for holders of the Notes.

The indenture under which the Notes are issued offers limited protection to holders of the Notes. The terms of the indenture and the Notes do not restrict our ability to engage in, or otherwise be a party to, a variety of corporate transactions, circumstances or events thatshares hereunder, could have a material adverse impacteffect on your investmentthe market price of our Class A Common Stock.

A substantial number of shares of our Class A Common Stock may be issued upon exercise of outstanding warrants, which could adversely affect the price of our publicly traded securities.

A substantial number of shares of Class A Common Stock may be issued upon the exercise of outstanding warrants. Our outstanding Class W Warrants are exercisable for up to 618,343 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.50 per share; our outstanding Class Z Warrants are exercisable for up to 180,618 shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $12.00 per share; our outstanding Class I Warrants are exercisable for up to 800,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.13 per share; our outstanding Class II Warrants are exercisable for up to 1,200,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.67 per share; our outstanding Class III-A Warrants are exercisable for up to 380,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.61 per share; and our outstanding Class III-B Warrants are exercisable for up to 1,620,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.61 per share.. If all of the outstanding warrants are exercised for cash we will be required to issue an aggregate of 4,798,961 shares of Class A Common Stock, or approximately 94% of our Class A Common Stock outstanding as of January 25, 2021. The warrant holders will likely exercise the warrants only at a time when it is economically beneficial to do so. Accordingly, the exercise of these warrants will significantly dilute our other equity holders and may adversely affect the market price of our publicly traded securities.

On June 4, 2020 we entered into an At the Market Issuance Sales Agreement with B. Riley FBR, Inc., pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, shares of Class A Common Stock and shares of Series A Preferred Stock, which may adversely affect the price of our Class A Common Stock .

Under the At the Market Issuance Sales Agreement we may issue shares of Class A Common Stock and Series A Preferred Stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $11,564,076. The sale of Class A Common Stock will dilute our other equity holders and may adversely affect the market price of the Class A Common Stock .

16

Only a limited market exists for our Class A Common Stock , which could lead to price volatility.

Our Class A Common Stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CSSE”. However, trading volume for our Class A Common Stock has historically been low. The limited trading market for our securities may cause fluctuations in the Notes. In particular, exceptmarket value of these securities to be exaggerated, leading to price volatility in excess of that which would occur in a more active trading market for our securities.

Our certificate of incorporation provides, subject to limited circumstances,exceptions, that the termsCourt of Chancery of the indentureState of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for certain stockholder litigation matters, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation requires, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that derivative actions brought in our name, actions against directors, officers and employees for breach of fiduciary duty and other similar actions may be brought only in the Court of Chancery in the State of Delaware (or if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another state court located within the State of Delaware, or if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) and, if brought outside of Delaware, the stockholder bringing the suit will be deemed to have consented to the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located within the State of Delaware and to service of process on such stockholder’s counsel. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provisions in our certificate of incorporation.

This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. We cannot be certain that a court will decide that this provision is either applicable or enforceable, and if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that the exclusive forum provision is applicable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, we anticipate that the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act, the Securities Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction and the Notesexclusive forum provision is not intended to waive our compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder or bar claims properly brought thereunder.

We currently do not restrictplan to pay any dividends on our ability to:Class A Common Stock.

The payment of cash dividends on our Class A Common Stock in the future will be dependent upon our revenue and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition, our obligation to pay dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock, as well as the limitations on dividends and distributions that exist under our lending agreement, the laws and regulations of the State of Delaware and will be within the discretion of our board of directors. As a result, any gain you may realize on our Class A Common Stock may result solely from the appreciation of such shares.

If our securities become subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules, broker-dealers may have trouble in completing customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected.

If at any time our securities become subject to the “penny stock” rules promulgated under the Exchange Act our securities could be adversely affected. Typically, securities trading under a market price of $5.00 per share and that do not meet certain exceptions, such as national market listing or annual revenue criteria, are subject to the penny stock rules. Under these rules, broker-dealers who recommend such securities to persons other than institutional accredited investors must:

·make a special written suitability determination for the purchaser;
·receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction prior to sale;

 


 ·issue securities or otherwise incur additional indebtedness or other obligations, including (1) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be equal or seniorprovide the purchaser with risk disclosure documents which identify certain risks associated with investing in right of payment to the Notes, (2) any indebtedness or other obligations that would be secured and therefore rank effectively senior in right of payment to the Notes to the extent of the values of the assets securing such debt, (3) indebtedness that we incur that is guaranteed by one or more of our subsidiaries“penny stocks” and which therefore is structurally senior todescribe the Notesmarket for these “penny stocks” as well as a purchaser’s legal remedies; and (4) securities, indebtedness or obligations issued or incurred by our subsidiaries
·obtain a signed and dated acknowledgement from the purchaser demonstrating that wouldthe purchaser has received the required risk disclosure documents before a transaction in a “penny stock” can be senior to our equity interests in those entities and therefore rank structurally senior to the Notes with respect to the assets of these entities;completed.

If our securities become subject to these rules, broker-dealers may find it difficult to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected. As a result, the market price of our securities may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our securities.

Nasdaq could delist our Class A Common Stock from quotation on its exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to sell and purchase our shares and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

Our Class A Common Stock is currently listed on Nasdaq, a national securities exchange. If our Class A Common Stock is not listed on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange at any time after the date hereof, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

 

 ·pay dividends on, or purchase or redeem or make any payments in respecta limited availability of capital stock or other securities ranking junior in right of payment to the Notes, includingmarket quotations for our SeriesClass A Preferred Stock or any subordinated indebtedness;Common Stock;

 ·sell assets (other than certain limited restrictions onreduced liquidity with respect to our ability to consolidate, merge or sell all or substantially all of our assets);Class A Common Stock;

 ·enter into transactions with affiliates;a determination that our Class A Common Stock is “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our shares to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our Class A Common Stock;

 ·create liens or enter into salea limited amount of news and leaseback transactions;analyst coverage for our company; and

 ·make investments;a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

·create restrictions on the payment of dividends or other amounts to us from our subsidiaries.

In addition, the indenture does not require us to offer to purchase the Notes in connection with a change of control or any other event (but does afford us the right to redeem the Notes prior to the prescribed redemption date upon the consummation of certain transactions).

Similarly, the terms of the indenture and the Notes do not protect holders of the Notes in the event that we experience changes (including significant adverse changes) in our financial condition, results of operations or credit ratings, if any.

Our ability to recapitalize, incur additional debt and take a number of other actions that are not limited by the terms of the Notes may have important consequences for you as a holder of the Notes, including making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the Notes or negatively affecting the trading value of the Notes.

Other debt we issue or incur in the future could contain more protections for its holders than the indenture and the Notes, including additional covenants and events of default. For example, the indenture under which the Notes are issued does not contain cross-default provisions. The issuance or incurrence of any indebtedness with incremental protections could affect the market for and trading levels and prices of the Notes. Additionally, even if we issue indebtedness that ranks equally with the Notes, the holders of such indebtedness will be entitled to share ratably with you any proceeds distributed in connection with any insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, or dissolution, which may have the effect of reducing the amount of proceeds paid to you. Incurrence of additional debt would also further reduce the cash available to invest in operations, as a result of increased debt service obligations, and may cause a cross-default on our other obligations, as described elsewhere in these Risk Factors. If new debt is added to our current indebtedness, the related risks that we now face could be compounded.

An increase in market interest rates could result in a decrease in the value of the Notes.


THE PRIVATE PLACEMENT

 

In general, as market interest rates rise, notes bearing interestOn January 14, 2021, we entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “SPA”) with the selling shareholders named hereunder to sell an aggregate of 1,022,727 shares of Class A Common Stock at a fixed rate decline in value. Consequently, if you purchase price of $22.00 per share, generating gross proceeds of $22,499,994. The sale of the Notes,Class A Common Stock was consummated on January 20, 2021. The shares of Class A Common Stock were sold pursuant to an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the market interest rates subsequently increase, the market value of your Notes may decline. We cannot predict the future level of market interest rates.Rule 506 promulgated thereunder.

 

An active trading marketWe also entered into a registration rights agreement with the selling shareholders, pursuant to which we agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to register the shares of Class A Common Stock for the Notes may not be sustained, which could limit your ability to sell the Notes or the market price of the Notes.

Although the July 2025 Notes are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol “CSSEN,” and we intend to list the Notes offered hereby under the same trading symbol, we cannot provide any assurances that an active trading market will develop or be maintained for the Notes or that you will be able to sell your Notes. If the Notes are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price depending on prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities, our credit ratings, if any, general economic conditions, our financial condition, performance and prospects and other factors. The underwriters have advised us that they intend to make a market in the Notes, but they are not obligated to do so. The underwriters may discontinue any market-making in the Notes at any time at their sole discretion.resale within certain prescribed periods.

 


Accordingly, we cannot assure you that a liquid trading market for the Notes will be sustained, that you will be able to sell your Notes at a particular time or that the price you receive when you sell will be favorable. To the extent an active trading market is not sustained, the liquidity and trading price for the Notes may be harmed. Accordingly, you may be required to bear the financial risk of an investment in the Notes for an indefinite period of time.

We may choose to redeem the Notes when prevailing interest rates are relatively low.

On or after July 31, 2022, we may choose to redeem the Notes from time to time, especially when prevailing interest rates are lower than the rate borne by the Notes. If prevailing rates are lower at the time of redemption, you would not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as the interest rate on the Notes being redeemed. Our redemption right also may adversely impact your ability to sell the Notes as the optional redemption date or period approaches.

If we default on our obligations to pay our other indebtedness, we may not be able to make payments on the Notes.

Any default under the agreements governing our existing or future indebtedness that is not waived by the required lenders, and the remedies sought by the holders of such indebtedness, could make us unable to pay principal and interest on the Notes and substantially decrease the market value of the Notes. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow and are otherwise unable to obtain funds necessary to meet required payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness, or if we otherwise fail to comply with the various covenants, including financial and operating covenants, in the instruments governing our indebtedness, we could be in default under the terms of the agreements governing such indebtedness, including the Notes. In the event of such default, the holders of such indebtedness could elect to declare all the funds borrowed thereunder to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, the lenders under any loan facility or other financing that we may obtain in the future could elect to terminate their commitment, cease making further loans and institute foreclosure proceedings against our assets, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. Any such default may constitute a default under the Notes, which could further limit our ability to repay our indebtedness, including the Notes. If our operating performance declines, we may in the future need to seek to obtain waivers from our existing lenders at the time to avoid being in default. If we breach any loan covenants, we may not be able to obtain such a waiver from the lenders. If this occurs, we would be in default under the credit arrangement that we have, the lender could exercise its rights as described above, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. If we are unable to repay indebtedness, lenders having secured obligations could proceed against the collateral securing their debt. Because any future credit facilities will likely have, customary cross-default provisions, if the indebtedness under the Notes, or under any future credit facility is accelerated, we may be unable to repay or finance the amounts due.

We will have broad discretion with respect to the use of the proceeds of this offering.

We will have broad discretion to use the net proceeds from this offering for any of the intended purposes described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds,” and you will not have the opportunity as part of your investment decision to determine how the net proceeds will be used. Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine how we use the net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary. The failure by us to apply these funds effectively could harm our business.

We are not obligated to contribute to a sinking fund to retire the Notes and the Notes are not guaranteed by a third-party.

We are not obligated to contribute funds to a sinking fund to repay principal or interest on the Notes upon maturity or default. The Notes are not certificates of deposit or similar obligations of, or guaranteed by, any depositary institution. Further, no private party or governmental entity insures or guarantees payment on the Notes if we do not have enough funds to make principal or interest payments.

A downgrade, suspension or withdrawal of the credit rating assigned by a rating agency to us, the July 2025 Notes, or the Notes, if any, could cause the liquidity or market value of the Notes to decline significantly.

Our credit rating is an assessment by third parties of our ability to pay our obligations. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit rating will generally affect the market value of the Notes. Our credit rating, however, may not reflect the potential impact of risks related to market conditions generally or other factors discussed above on the market value of or trading market for the Notes. Credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time by the issuing organization in its sole discretion.

The Notes have received a rating of BBB from Egan-Jones Ratings Company. An explanation of the significance of ratings may be obtained from the rating agency. Generally, rating agencies base their ratings on such material and information, and such of their own investigations, studies and assumptions, as they deem appropriate. Neither we nor any underwriter undertakes any obligation to maintain our credit rating or to advise holders of the Notes of any changes in our credit rating. There can be no assurance that our credit rating will remain for any given period of time or that such credit rating will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by the rating agency if in their judgment future circumstances relating to the basis of the credit rating, such as adverse changes in our company, so warrant.


USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We intend to use the netwill not receive any proceeds from the sale or other disposition of the NotesClass A Common Stock by the selling shareholders. Pursuant to the terms of registration rights granted to the selling shareholders, we will pay the expenses of registering the securities for resale, but all selling commissions and other similar expenses incurred by the selling shareholders will be paid by the selling shareholders.

Holders

As of February 6, 2021 there were 37 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock. We believe we have in this offering for working capitalexcess of 300 beneficial holders of our Class A Common Stock. These numbers does not include an indeterminate number of stockholders whose shares are held by brokers in street name through depositaries, including CDS & Co and general corporate purposes. WeCEDE & Co.

In addition to our Class A Common Stock, we have outstanding Class B Common Stock. As of February 6, 2021 there was one record holder of our Class B Common Stock. Our Class B Common Stock is not publicly traded and is controlled and beneficially owned by our chief executive officer. Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock have substantially identical rights, except that holders of shares of Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of shares of Class B Common Stock are entitled to ten votes per share. Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock vote together as a single class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders, unless otherwise required by law or our charter. Each share of Class B Common Stock may also usebe converted into a portionshare of Class A Common Stock at any time at the election of the proceeds allocatedholder.

There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to general working capital for payments in connectionour common stock.

Dividend Policy

Shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall be treated equally, identically and ratably, on a per share basis, with acquisitions made by us from timerespect to time. Weany dividends or distributions as may also use proceed to pay dividendsbe declared and paid from time to time including with respectby the board of directors out of any assets legally available therefor. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings to fund ongoing operations and future capital requirements of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors (the “Board”) and will be dependent upon our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and such other factors as our Board deems relevant. Our ability to pay cash dividends is subject to limitations imposed by state law.

Holders of our Series A Preferred Stock. If we electStock are entitled to purchase CPEH’s membership interests in CracklePlusreceive, when, as and if declared by our board of directors, out of funds of the Company legally available for the payment of dividends, cumulative cash (insteaddividends at the rate of using our9.75% of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference per annum (equivalent to $2.4375 per annum per share). Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock), weStock are payable monthly on the 15th day of each month; provided that if any dividend payment date is not a business day, as defined in the certificate of designations, then the dividend that would otherwise have been payable on that dividend payment date may use a portion ofbe paid on the proceeds of this offeringnext succeeding business day and no interest, additional dividends or other sums will accrue on the amount so payable for the period from and after that dividend payment date to purchase such membership interests.that next succeeding business day.

 


CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table shows our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of September 30, 2020:

 

 ·on an actual basis;

 ·
on a pro forma basis giving effect to the sale of 9.50% Notes due 2025 in this offeringDecember 2020 for aggregate gross proceeds of $10.6 million , the issuance of 1,798,956 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to CPEH and the receiptsale of netthe shares of our Class A Common Stock to the selling shareholders named herein in a private placement consummated on January 20, 2021 at a price of $22 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $7,484,496 from this offering, after deducting underwriting commissions of $400,000 and estimated offering expenses payable by us of approximately $115,504 (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional Notes).$22.5 million;

 

on a pro forma basis giving effect to this registration statement and the resale of the shares offered hereby, which results in no change to the following table.

You should read the data set forth in the table below in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, as well as our unaudited financial statements and the accompanying notes and the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Any use by us of net proceeds to pay obligations to CPEH (an affiliate of Sony Pictures Television) and its affiliates in lieu of using our Series A Preferred Stock would reduce the amount of net proceeds otherwise available to us for working capital.

 

  September 30, 2020 
  Actual  As Adjusted (1) 
  (Unaudited) 
Cash and cash equivalents $9,243,315  $16,727,812 
Indebtedness        
Notes Payable due 2025, net of deferred offering costs of $1,059,401 actual and $1,459,401 as adjusted  21,040,599   28,640,599 
Revolving Credit Facility  2,500,000   2,500,000 
Film Acquisition Fund  10,210,000   10,210,000 
Total Indebtedness  33,750,599   41,350,599 
Stockholder's Equity:        
Series A cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock, $.0001 par value, liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,732,139 shares issued and outstanding, redemption value of $43,303,475  173   173 
Class A common stock, $.0001 par value, 70,000,000 shares authorized; 4,919,195 issued and 4,844,960 outstanding shares  492   492 
Class B common stock, $.0001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 7,813,938 shares issued and outstanding  782   782 
Additional paid-in capital  96,498,618   96,498,618 
Deficit  (67,182,836)  (67,182,836)
Class A common stock held in treasury, at cost (74,235 shares)  (632,729)  (632,729)
Total Stockholders' Equity  28,684,500   28,684,500 
Total Capitalization $62,435,099  $70,035,099 
  September 30, 2020 
  Actual  As Adjusted (1)  As Adjusted (2) 
  (Unaudited)  (Unaudited)  (Unaudited) 
          
Cash and Cash Equivalents $9,243,315  $40,425,793  $40,425,793 
Total Liabilities & stockholders equity            
Notes Payable due 2025, net of deferred offering costs of $1,059,401 actual and $1,809,343 as adjusted  21,040,599   31,086,582   31,086,582 
Notes payable under revolving credit facility  2,500,000   2,500,000   2,500,000 
Film Acquisition advance  10,210,000   10,210,000   10,210,000 
Total Debt  33,750,599   43,796,582   43,796,582 
Stockholder's Equity:            
Series A cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock, $.0001 par value, liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized;  1,732,139 actual and 3,531,095 shares issued and outstanding respectively, redemption value of $43,303,475 actual and $88,277,375 as adjusted.  173   353   353 
Class A common stock, $.0001 par value, 70,000,000 shares authorized; 4,919,195 actual and 5,941,922 as adjusted shares issued, 4,844,960 actual and 5,867,687 as adjusted outstanding, respectively  492   594   594 
Class B common stock, $.0001 par value, 20,000,000 shares  authorized; 7,813,938 issued and outstanding, respectively  782   782   782 
Additional paid-in capital  96,498,618   159,415,175   159,415,175 
Deficit  (67,182,836)  (67,182,836)  (67,182,836)
Class A common stock held in treasury, at cost (74,235 shares)  (632,729)  (632,729)  (632,729)
Total stockholders' equity  28,684,500   91,601,339   91,601,339 
Subsidiary convertible preferred stock  36,350,000   -   - 
Noncontrolling interests  217,785   -   - 
Total Equity  65,252,285   91,601,339   91,601,339 
Total Capitalization $99,002,884  $135,397,921  $135,397,921 

 


(1)Reflects the full amount of notes offered under this prospectus, for aggregate net proceeds from the sale of $7,484,496.Notes of $9,882,484 after deducting underwriting costs and expenses, the effect of the issuance of 1,798,956 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to CPEH, and net proceeds from the sale of Class A Common Stock in a private placement of $21,299,994 after deducting agent fees and expenses.
(2)Reflects the effect of this resale registration.

 

The table above is based on:

 


4,844,960 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020, and excludes, as of such date:
 o

1,052,500 shares of Class A Common Stock reserved for issuance pursuant to outstanding options and stock awards under our 2017 stock incentive plan (“2017 Plan”);

 oan additional 197,500 shares of Class A Common Stock available for issuance under the 2017 Plan;

 o 654,747618,343 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying our outstanding Class W warrantsWarrants with an exercise price of $7.50 per share, 180,618 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying our Class Z warrantsWarrants with an exercise price of $12.00 per share, 800,000 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying our outstanding Class I Warrants with an exercise price of $8.13 per share, 1,200,000 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying our Class II Warrants with an exercise price of $9.67 per share, 380,000 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying our Class III-A Warrants with an exercise price of $11.61 per share, and 1,620,000 shares of Class A Common Stock underlying our Class III-B Warrants with an exercise price of $11.61 per share.
   
7,813,938 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020; and
  
1,732,139 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020.


OUR BUSINES

Overview

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment Inc. operates streaming video-on-demand networks (“VOD”) through its subsidiary, Crackle Plus, which owns and operates a variety of ad-supported and subscription-based VOD networks including Crackle®, Popcornflix, Popcornflix Kids®, Truli®, Pivotshare, Españolflix and FrightPix®. The Company also acquires and distributes video content through Screen Media and produces long and short-form original content through subsidiaries and outside partnerships. The content acquired or produced by the Company is sometimes used exclusively on our networks and is generally also sold to others with the goal of providing our networks access to original and exclusive advertising-supported online video-on-demand (“AVOD”) content at a lower cost and to generate additional revenue and operating cash flow for the Company.

Our Crackle Plus subsidiary was formed as a co-owned partnership with a subsidiary of Sony Pictures Television Inc. (“SPT”) in May 2019. We acquired SPT’s equity interest in Crackle Plus on January 13, 2021, and, accordingly, Crackle Plus is now wholly-owned by us. Crackle Plus is one of the largest, independent AVOD network groups in the United States, with viewers streaming an average of approximately 30 million programs per month. The popular network, Crackle®, is the largest Crackle Plus network and a top performer on the industry-leading Roku platform. Our VOD networks deliver popular and original new content covering a wide range of themes, including family, children and faith, as well as proven genres, such as horror and comedy.  We are differentiated among other VOD network operators by our ability to generate original content cost-effectively and by our access to more than 80,000 hours of programming.  Our Screen Media subsidiary has one of the largest independently owned television and film libraries in the industry and provides content to the Crackle Plus networks and third-party networks. Our VOD networks also feature original content produced through our subsidiaries, Landmark Studio Group and A Plus. Our exclusive, perpetual, sublicensable and worldwide license, to create and distribute video content under the Chicken Soup for the Soul® brand (the “Brand”) also allows us to create new Brand-focused AVOD channels, which we expect to do in the future.

We believe CSSE is the only independent AVOD network operator with the proven capability to create and distribute original programming and access to an extensive amount of valuable company-owned and third-party library content.  We believe this differentiation is important at a time of a major shift in consumer viewing habits, as the growth in both availability and quality of high-speed broadband enables consumers to consume video content at any time on any device.

According to industry projections, the global market for AVOD network revenue is expected to increase at a compound annual growth rate of 21% between 2018 and 2024, reaching $56 billion by the end of the period.  At the same time, advertising spending on linear television networks is expected to decline as more viewers transition from pay television subscriptions to online video viewing.  We believe AVOD networks will grow rapidly as consumers seek affordable programming alternatives to multiple subscription video-on-demand (“SVOD”) offerings.

In this environment, our strategy is to build a leading VOD network featuring a range of mass-appeal and thematic programming options.  We are executing on this strategy in three ways:

Increasing content. Our “originals and exclusives” focus, supported by our distribution and production business, is designed to distinguish our network brands among viewers.  We are able to add to our existing broad base of content without the significant capital outlay of a traditional television or film studio by producing new originals at low cost through creative partnerships, such as our award-winning 2019 series Going from Broke, which has been renewed for a second season. Through Screen Media, we are also acquiring the rights to additional exclusive content. Finally, we are expanding our production capacity through partnerships, the formation of our majority owned subsidiary Landmark Studio Group and acquiring additional content libraries, such as our recent acquisition of the Foresight Unlimited film library.

Growing and retaining audience while adding new networks.  Our goal is to utilize our increasing, exclusive access to quality programming to grow and retain viewers on our existing networks.  As we grow our content libraries, we are also continuously evaluating opportunities to create new thematic networks that feature certain genres and other types of programming that can deliver more targeted advertising opportunities to marketers such as a Chicken Soup for the Soul network for families.  Finally, we are also actively evaluating opportunities to acquire additional AVOD networks that can accelerate our path to scale.
Building our advertising sales capability.  As we grow our stable of networks, we are investing in integration of advertising platform technology stacks and the growth of our sales force.  As our advertising sales capability matures, we believe we will be positioned to increase both overall advertising sales and ad insertion rates.

 


DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTESRecent Developments

 

The NotesCompany has recorded strong revenue performance through Q3 2020. Despite industry production delays, Crackle Plus is fully programmed through mid-2021. We have continued to expand our pipeline of original and exclusive content, driving steady viewership to our AVOD platforms and sequential growth in ad impressions. The latest Crackle original series, Spides, drove over one million streams in its first two weeks. Additionally, our distribution and production businesses added meaningful revenue, driven by the TVOD hit The Outpost, which was number one in streams for two consecutive weeks on several platforms, including iTunes, GooglePlay, Spectrum, and FandangoNOW.

In connection with the formation of Crackle Plus, the joint venture governed by the terms of an amended and restated limited liability company agreement dated as of May 14, 2019 among the Company, Crackle Plus, and Crackle, Inc. (“Crackle”), a wholly owned subsidiary of CPE Holdings, Inc. (“CPEH”), an affiliate of SPT, the Company granted CPEH, as successor-in-interest of Crackle, and its affiliates (including SPT) the right to require the Company to purchase all, but not less than all, of CPEH’s interest in Crackle Plus. The Company had the right, in its sole discretion, to pay for the interest in Crackle Plus through either the issuance of shares of Series A Preferred Stock or an amount of cash based on the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock that would have been issued in payment therefore, using a price per share of $25 (the “Put Option”). On December 14, 2020, CPEH elected to exercise the Put Option. On January 13, 2021, the Company consummated the purchase of CPEH’s interest in Crackle Plus through the issuance of 1.6 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock. Additionally, on December 21, 2020, we issued 198,956 shares of CSSE Preferred Shares to CPEH in connection with our obligation to reimburse CPEH for certain transaction expenses incurred by CPEH in connection with the transactions contemplated by that certain Contribution Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2019, by and among the Company, CPEH, Crackle, Inc. and Crackle Plus. The Company agreed to register the shares of Series A Preferred Stock issued to CPEH within 90 days of the date of issuance.

On January 20, 2021, we consummated a private placement through which we sold an aggregate of 1,022,727 shares of our Class A Common Stock to certain fund investors at a price of $22 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $22.5 million. In connection with the private placement, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the investors pursuant to which we are obligated to file the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part for purposes of registering the resale of all such shares by the selling shareholders.

Business Strategy

We are a media company operating Crackle Plus, our AVOD and SVOD networks groups, supported by our distribution and production capabilities. Our goal is to grow our network platform organically and through consolidation to establish a leading AVOD business positioned to capture ad revenue as that revenue increasingly moves from linear TV to online video.

Our two main areas of operation are:

Online Networks. We distribute and exhibit VOD content directly to consumers across all digital platforms, such as connected TVs, smartphones, tablets, gaming consoles and the web through our owned and operated AVOD Crackle Plus networks. We also distribute our own and third-party owned content to consumers across various digital platforms through our SVOD network, Pivotshare. We generate advertising revenues primarily by serving video advertisements to our streaming viewers on our AVOD networks and subscription revenues from customers on our SVOD network.

Our acquisition of Screen Media in 2017 marked our entry into the direct-to-consumer online VOD market through Popcornflix, which has an extensive footprint with apps that have been downloaded more than 27 million times.

Popcornflix is one of the largest AVOD services. Under the Popcornflix brand, we operate a series of direct-to consumer advertising supported channels. As a “free-to-consumer” digital streaming channel, Popcornflix is an extremely popular online video platform that can be found on the web, iPhones and iPads, Android products, Roku, Xbox, Amazon Fire, Apple TV, Chromecast and Samsung and Panasonic internet connected televisions, among others. Popcornflix is currently available in 61 countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Germany, France, and Singapore, with additional territories to be added.

In October 2018, we completed the acquisition of the assets of Truli Media Corp., which operates a nascent global family-friendly and faith-based online video channel (“Truli”). Truli’s content fits strategically in our thematic network plans and includes film, television, music videos, sports, comedy, and educational material.

In May 2019, we launched a new streaming video subsidiary known as Crackle Plus, through which we operate VOD networks including, Crackle and Popcornflix. Viewers are able to watch premium video content, such as films and TV shows on our networks. The networks are accessible through various internet connected digital devices such as mobile, tablet, smart TV and console. The networks primarily earn revenue from advertisements placed on the platform through direct and reseller channels. Our entry into subscription-based VOD was initiated by our acquisition of the Pivotshare VOD platform in August 2018. All of our VOD operations are currently in our Crackle Plus subsidiary.  As a result, Crackle Plus, is one of the largest AVOD companies in the United States as well as a targeted SVOD network provider.  Within Crackle Plus we have been primarily focused on growing our AVOD networks and may turn more attention to our SVOD opportunities in the future.

Television and Film Distribution and Production. We distribute movies and television series worldwide, through Screen Media, to consumers through license agreements across all media, including theatrical, home video, pay-per-view, free, cable, pay television, VOD, mobile and new digital media platforms worldwide. We own the copyright or long-term distribution rights to over 1,000 television series and feature films, representing one of the largest independently owned libraries of filmed entertainment in the world.


We have distribution licensing agreements with numerous VOD services across all major platforms, such as cable and satellite VOD and Internet VOD, which includes TVOD for rentals or purchases of films, AVOD for free-to-viewer streaming of films supported by advertisements and SVOD for unlimited access to films for a monthly fee.

Our cable and satellite VOD distribution agreements include those with DirecTV, Cablevision (Altice USA), Verizon and In Demand (owned by Comcast, Charter and Time Warner Cable-Spectrum). Our Internet VOD distribution agreements include agreements with Amazon, iTunes, Samsung, YouTube, Hulu, Xbox, Netflix, Sony, Vudu, Plex, Xfinity Flex and Fubo TV, among others.

We have expanded our international distribution capabilities in connection with the acquisition of the Foresight library.

Screen Media’s distribution capabilities across all media give us the ability to monetize various rights to our produced and co-produced television series and films directly, including our content that will be issued underproduced through Landmark Studio Group. The cost savings from Screen Media’s distribution capabilities enhance our revenue and profits from our produced or co-produced content. Furthermore, Screen Media supports the Indentureprogramming and Supplemental Indenture, each betweencontent needs of our AVOD networks. The ability to monetize film and TV rights through Screen Media gives us the ability to retain exclusive AVOD rights for some of our acquired or produced films or television series on a cost advantaged basis.

Our approach to content production is focused primarily on co-production partnerships in order to build our AVOD networks, through Crackle Plus, and U.S. Bank National Association,our worldwide distribution capabilities through Screen Media. By focusing this way, we believe that we will be able to grow our business more rapidly by entering into production agreements with a variety of production partners. In October 2019, we launched Landmark, our first production co-venture subsidiary. Landmark is a fully integrated entertainment company focused on ownership, development, and production of quality entertainment franchises. Landmark develops, produces, distributes and owns all the intellectual property it creates, building a valuable library. The studio is independent, with the ability to sell its content to any network or platform, while also developing and producing original content for Crackle Plus. Landmark controls all worldwide rights and distributes those rights exclusively through Screen Media.

We plan to enter into other similar co-production arrangements going forward. We will only occasionally produce programming internally.

Competition

We are in a highly competitive business.  The market for streaming entertainment is rapidly changing. We face competition from companies within the entertainment business and from alternative forms of leisure entertainment, such as trustee,travel, sporting events, outdoor recreation, video games, the internet and each dated July 17, 2020.other cultural and computer-related activities. We refercompete for viewers and programming with much larger companies which have significant resources and brand recognition, including dominant video on demand providers such as Netflix, HBO Max (including HBO Go), Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, Disney Plus, Apple TV Plus, Fubo TV, Sling TV, and major film and television studios.  We also compete with numerous independent motion picture and television distribution and production companies, television networks, pay television systems and online media platforms for viewers, subscribers, and the services of performing artists, producers and other creative and technical personnel and production financing, all of which are essential to the indenturesuccess of our businesses.

In addition, our video content competes for media outlet and audience acceptance with video content produced and distributed by other companies. As a result, the supplemental indenture collectivelysuccess of any of our video content is dependent not only on the quality and acceptance of a particular production, but also on the quality and acceptance of other competing video content available in the marketplace at or near the same time.

Given such competition, and our stage of development, we emphasize a lower cost structure, risk mitigation, reliance on financial partnerships and innovative financial strategies. We rely on our flexibility and agility as well as the “Indenture”entrepreneurial spirit of our employees, partners and affiliates, in order to U.S. Bank National Associationprovide creative, desirable video content.

Intellectual Property

We are party to a License Agreement with CSS (“CSS License Agreement”) through which we have been granted the perpetual, exclusive, worldwide license by CSS to produce and distribute video content using the Brand and related content, such as stories published in the “trustee.” The Notes will beChicken Soup for the Soul books. Chicken Soup for the Soul and related names are trademarks owned by CSS. We have the proprietary rights (including copyrights) in all Company-produced content. As a further issuanceresult of rank equally in rightthe acquisitions of payment with, and form a single series with the July 2025 Notes for all purposes under the Indenture, including, without limitation, waivers, amendments, consent, redemptionsScreen Media, Pivotshare, Crackle, and other offerssmaller libraries and companies, we now own copyrights or global long-term distribution rights to purchaseapproximately 80,000 hours of content.

We rely on a combination of copyright, trademark, trade secret laws, confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and voting.other similar measures to protect our proprietary information and intellectual property rights. Our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights is subject to certain risks and from time to time we encounter disputes over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property, which are described more fully in the section titled “Risk Factors.”


Human Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2020, we had 100 direct employees. The services of certain personnel, including our chairman and chief executive officer, vice chairman and chief strategy officer, our senior brand advisor and director, and chief financial officer, among others, are provided to us under a management services agreement between the Company and CSS. We referalso utilize many consultants in the ordinary course of our business and hire additional personnel on a project-by-project basis. Our human capital resources objectives include, as applicable, identifying, recruiting, retaining, incentivizing and integrating our existing and additional employees. Our compensation program is designed to attract, retain, and motivate highly qualified employees and executives. We use a mix of competitive base salary, performance-based equity compensation awards, and other employee benefits. We believe that our employee and labor relations are good, and we are committed to inclusion and policies and procedures to maintain a safe work environment. The health and safety of our employees, customers and communities are of primary concern. During the “Notes”COVID-19 pandemic, we have taken significant steps to protect our workforce including but not limited to, working remotely, and implementing social distancing protocols consistent with guidelines issued by federal, state, and local law.

Corporate Information

We are a Delaware corporation formed on May 4, 2016. CSS Productions, our predecessor and immediate parent company, was formed in December 2014 by CSS, and initiated operations in January 2015. We were formed to create a discrete entity focused on video content opportunities using the “July 2025 Notes” separately in this prospectus since only the Notes are being offered hereby, and any general discussion ofBrand. On May 4, 2016, pursuant to the terms of the Notes also appliescontribution agreement among CSS, CSS Productions and the Company (the “CSS Contribution Agreement”), all video content assets (the “Subject Assets”) owned by CSS, CSS Productions and their CSS subsidiaries were transferred to the July 2025 Notes since theyCompany in consideration for its issuance to CSS Productions of 8,600,568 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock. Concurrently with the consummation of the CSS Contribution Agreement, certain rights to receive payments under certain agreements comprising part of the Subject Assets owned by Trema, LLC (“Trema”), a company principally owned and controlled by William J. Rouhana, Jr., the Company’s chairman and chief executive officer, were assigned to the Company under a contribution agreement (the “Trema Contribution Agreement”) in consideration for the Company’s issuance to Trema of 159,432 shares of our Class B common stock. Thereafter, CSS Productions’ operating activities ceased, and the Company continued the business operations of producing and distributing the video content.

Internet Address and Availability of Filings

We maintain a website at www.cssentertainment.com. The contents of our website are treatednot incorporated in, or otherwise to be regarded as part of, this Annual Report. The Company makes available, free of charge, on or through its website, the sameCompany’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Properties

We are party to the CSS Management Agreement under which the Company receives from CSS and affiliate companies’ various integral operational services, including accounting, legal, marketing, management, data access and back office systems, and requires CSS to provide office space and equipment usage in the Company’s headquarters. See “Management’s Discussions and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Affiliate Resources and Obligations – CSS Management Agreement”.

CSS’ headquarters are located in an approximately 6,000 square foot leased facility in Cos Cob, Connecticut, the usage of which is provided to the Company under the Indenture.terms of the CSS Management Agreement. The NotesCSS headquarters lease expires in 2024. In addition, the Company leases office space of approximately 8,500 square feet in New York City, New York, under a lease that expires in 2020.

Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, from time-to-time, we may become subject to claims in legal proceedings.

Legal proceedings are governedsubject to inherent uncertainties, and an unfavorable outcome could include monetary damages, and in such event, could result in a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

We are not currently, and have not been since inception, subject to any material legal claims or actions. Further, we have no knowledge of any material pending legal actions and we do not believe we are currently a party to any pending material legal claims or actions.

26

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this prospectus. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus includes forward-looking statements involving risks and uncertainties and should be read together with the "Risk Factors" section of this prospectus for a discussion of important factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the indenture,forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Overview

We operate streaming video-on-demand networks (VOD). The Company owns Crackle Plus, which owns and operates a variety of ad-supported and subscription-based VOD networks including Crackle, Popcornflix, Popcornflix Kids, Truli, Pivotshare, Españolflix and FrightPix. The Company also acquires and distributes video content through its Screen Media subsidiary and produces long and short-form original content through subsidiaries and outside partnerships. The content acquired or produced by the Company is sometimes used exclusively on the Company’s networks and is generally also sold to others with the goal of providing our networks access to original and exclusive AVOD content at a lower cost and to generate additional revenue and operating cash flow for the Company.

We operate one reportable segment across two operations areas:

Online Networks: In this operations area, we distribute and exhibit VOD content directly to consumers across all digital platforms, such as connected TV’s, smartphones, tablets, gaming consoles and the web through our owned and operated AVOD Crackle Plus networks. We also distribute our own and third-party owned content to end viewers across various digital platforms through our SVOD network, Pivotshare. We generate advertising revenues primarily by serving video advertisements to our streaming viewers and subscription revenue from consumers.

Television and Film Distribution and Production: In this operations area, we distribute movies and television series worldwide, through Screen Media, to consumers through license agreements across all media, including theatrical, home video, pay-per-view, free, cable, pay television, VOD, mobile and new digital media platforms worldwide. We own the copyright or long-term distribution rights to over 1,000 television series and feature films, representing one of the largest independently owned libraries of filmed entertainment in the world.

We have distribution licensing agreements with numerous VOD services across all major platforms, such as cable and satellite VOD and Internet VOD, which includes TVOD for rentals or purchases of films, AVOD for free-to-viewer streaming of films supported by advertisements and SVOD for unlimited access to films for a monthly fee. Our cable and satellite VOD distribution agreements include those with DirecTV, Cablevision (Altice USA), Verizon and In Demand (owned by Comcast, Charter and Time Warner Cable-Spectrum). Our Internet VOD distribution agreements include agreements with Amazon, iTunes, Samsung, YouTube, Hulu, Xbox, Netflix, Sony, Vudu, Plex, Xfinity Flex, and Fubo TV, among others. We have expanded our international distribution capabilities in connection with the acquisition of the Foresight library.


Screen Media’s distribution capabilities across all media give us the ability to monetize various rights to our produced and co-produced television series and films directly, including our content that will be produced through Landmark Studio Group (“Landmark”). The cost savings from Screen Media’s distribution capabilities enhance our revenue and profits from our produced or co-produced content. Furthermore, Screen Media supports the programming and content needs of our AVOD networks. The ability to monetize film and TV rights through Screen Media gives us the ability to retain exclusive AVOD rights for some of our acquired or produced films or television series on a cost advantaged basis.

Our approach to content production is focused primarily on co-production partnerships in order to build our AVOD networks, through Crackle Plus, and our worldwide distribution capabilities through Screen Media. By focusing this way, we believe that we will be able to grow our business more rapidly by entering into production agreements with a variety of production partners. In October 2019, we launched Landmark, our first production co-venture subsidiary. Landmark is a fully integrated entertainment company focused on ownership, development, and production of quality entertainment franchises. Landmark develops, produces, distributes and owns all the intellectual property (IP) it creates, building a valuable library. The studio is independent, with the ability to sell its content to any network or platform, while also developing and producing original content for Crackle Plus. Landmark controls all worldwide rights and distributes those rights exclusively through Screen Media. We plan to enter into other similar co-production arrangements going forward. We will only occasionally produce programming internally.

Covid-19

There are many uncertainties regarding the current COVID-19 pandemic, and the Company is closely monitoring the impact of the pandemic on all aspects of its business, including how it will impact its customers, employees,  vendors, and business partners. While the pandemic did not materially adversely affect the Company’s financial results and business operations in the Company’s third fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020, we are unable to predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on its financial position and operating results in the future throughout the duration of the pandemic due to numerous uncertainties around the entertainment industry particularly around production and advertising investments created by the effects of the pandemic. Some clients have responded to the current economic and financial conditions by reducing their marketing budgets, thereby decreasing the market and demand for some of our services. In addition, many businesses have adjusted, reduced or suspended operating activities, which could negatively impact the markets we serve. All of the foregoing may impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and forward-looking expectations.  

In an effort to protect the health and safety of our employees, our workforce has had and continues in most instances to spend a significant amount of time working from home, travel has been severely curtailed and many of our productions remain paused or continue to experience disruption, as are the productions of our third-party content suppliers. Our other partners have similarly had their operations disrupted, including those partners that we use for our operations as well as development, production, and post-production of content.


In an effort to contain COVID-19 or slow its spread, governments around the world have also enacted various measures, some of which have been subsequently rescinded or modified, including orders to close all businesses not deemed “essential,” isolate residents to their homes or places of residence, and practice social distancing. We anticipate that these actions and the global health crisis caused by COVID-19 will continue to impact business activity across the globe. We cannot estimate the impact COVID-19 will have in the future as business and consumer activity decelerates across the globe. We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions that alter our business operations as may be required by federal, law for all bonds and notes of companiesstate, local or foreign authorities, or that are publicly offered. An indenture is a contract between us and the financial institution acting as trustee on your behalf and is subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended. The trustee has two main roles. First, the trustee can enforce your rights against us if we default. Theredetermine are some limitations on the extent to which the trustee acts on your behalf, described in the second paragraph under “— Eventsbest interests of Default — Remedies if an Eventour employees, customers, vendors, and partners.  It is not clear what the potential effects any such alterations or modifications may have on our business, including the effects on our customers, suppliers or vendors, or on our financial results.  The Company will continuously evaluate the impact of Default Occurs.” Second, the trustee performs certain administrative duties for us with respectCOVID-19 pandemic to the Notes.respond and adjust accordingly.  

 

This section includes a description of the material terms of the Notes and the Indenture. Because this section is a summary, however, it does not describe every aspect of the Notes and the indenture. We urge you to read the indenture because it, and not this description, defines your rights as a holder of the Notes. The indenture has been filed as an exhibit to a Current Report on Form 8-K filed by us on July 22, 2020.

GeneralJOBS Act Accounting Election

 

The Notes will mature on July 31, 2025. The principal payable at maturity will be 100%Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”). Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the aggregate outstanding principal amount.JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The interest rateCompany has irrevocably elected to avail itself of the Notes is 9.50% per yearthis exemption from new or revised accounting standards, and, will be paid every March 30, June 30, September 30, and December 30, beginning March 30, 2021, and the regular record dates for interest payments will be every March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15, beginning March 15, 2021. If an interest payment date falls on a non-business day, the applicable interest payment will be made on the next business day and no additional interest will accrue as a result of such delayed payment. The initial interest period will be the period from and including ____________, 2020, to, but excluding, __________, 202___, and the subsequent interest periods will be the periods from and including an interest payment date to, but excluding, the next interest payment date or the stated maturity date, as the case may be.

We will issue the Notes in denominations of $25 and integral multiples of $25 in excess thereof. The Notestherefore, will not be subject to any sinking fundthe same new or revised accounting standards as public companies that are not emerging growth companies.


Results of Operations for years ended  December 31, 2019 and holders2018

Revenue

The following table presents net revenue line items for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the year-over-year dollar and percentage changes for those line items:

  Year Ended December 31,       
     % of     % of  Change 
  2019  revenue  2018  revenue  Period over Period 
Revenue:                        
Online networks $40,027,289   72% $4,411,427   16% $35,615,862   807%
Television and film distribution  15,967,507   29%  13,188,560   49%  2,778,947   21%
Television and short-form video production  610,356   1%  10,152,020   38%  (9,541,664)  (94)%
Total revenue  56,605,152   102%  27,752,007   103%  28,853,145   104%
Less: returns and allowances  (1,241,246)  (2)%  (892,488)  (3)%  (348,758)  39%
Net revenue $55,363,906   100% $26,859,519   100% $28,504,387   106%

Our net revenue increased by $28.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018.  This increase in net revenue was primarily due to the $35.6 million increase in Online Networks revenue as a result of the NotesCrackle Plus acquisition and $2.8 million increase in Film Distribution revenues resulting from an increase in international revenues, offset by decreased production revenues.  2019 has been a transformative year for our Company led by the launch of our new streaming video on demand service Crackle Plus which amalgamated each of our video on demand platforms.  This strategic shift in our business has made us one of the largest providers of free AVOD service in the United States and shifted our business focus. As a result, we decided to focus on our online networks and television and distribution areas and we reduced the number of television and short-form productions we launched in 2019 thereby decreasing revenue in that area.

Online network revenue

Our online network revenue is derived from content generated by online streaming of films and television programs on our seven advertising-supported video on demand (AVOD) networks including Crackle,  Popcornflix® and our subscription-based video on demand (SVOD) network Pivotshare, all of which collectively form Crackle Plus.

Our online networks revenue increased by $35.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018. The increase of $35.6 million was primarily due to the acquisition of the Crackle network which accounted for 94% of our online networks revenues, driven by the delivery of advertisements during the viewing of films and programs on our platform.    

Television and film distribution revenue

Our television and film distribution revenues are derived primarily from our distribution of television series and films in all media, including theatrical, home video, pay-per-view, free, cable television, video on demand (VOD) and new digital media platforms worldwide as well as owned and operated networks, (i.e., Crackle, Popcornflix® and A Plus).

Television and film distribution revenue increased by $2.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to a $3.2 million increase in international distribution revenue and a $1.7 million increase in AVOD distribution revenue, offset by a $1.0 million decrease in video and theatrical revenue, a $0.7 million decrease in syndication revenues and a $0.4 million cumulative decrease in various other distribution revenue streams.  We continue to acquire new film and television series, invest in premium content libraries and grow our distribution business.  In the current year, we’ve broadened our reach increasing our revenues internationally and on AVOD platforms (including Crackle Plus).


Television and short-form video production revenue

Historically our television and short-form video production revenue was derived primarily from corporate and charitable sponsors that compensate us for the production of half-hour or one-hour episodic television programs as well as short-form video content.  In 2019 we shifted our strategy to focus on our online networks business.  In connection with this change we decided to decrease in-house production and increase our work with outside production entities to facilitate the productions of content that we could make available to an online network on an advantageous basis.

Our television and short-form video production revenue decreased by $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018, primarily due to the number of episodes that became available for delivery or became available for broadcast during the respective periods and licensing revenue earned on previously produced series.

The majority of this revenue in 2019 related to the completed production of four episodes of our original episodic series Animal Tales season one and licensing revenue related to Hidden Heroes seasons 1, 2 and 3. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the majority of our revenue recognized related to the original productions of Going From Broke, Vacation Rental Potential season one and two and six episodes of Animal Tales season one. 

Cost of Revenue for years ended  December 31, 2019 and 2018

Our cost of revenue for our online networks includes the various expenses incurred by the Company to support and maintain our AVOD and SVOD networks. These costs are comprised of hosting and bandwidth costs, website traffic costs, royalty fees, and music costs. Also included in cost of revenue are advertisement representation fees earned by our advertising representation partners (“Ad Rep Partners”), license fees payable to third parties for content exhibited on our networks and the related amortization associated with programming rights and film library costs.

Cost of revenue for our television and film distribution includes distribution costs for television series and films and amortization of film library costs.

We record cost of revenue for our production and content acquisitions based on the individual-film-forecast method. This method requires costs to be amortized in the proportion that the current period’s revenue bears to management’s estimate of ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from each production or content acquisition.

The following table presents cost of revenue line items for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the year-over-year dollar and percentage changes for those line items:

  Year Ended December 31,       
     % of     % of  Change 
  2019  revenue  2018  revenue  Period over Period 
Cost of revenue:                        
Programming costs amortization $710,689   1% $2,752,446   10% $(2,041,757)  (74)%
Film library amortization  10,182,166   18%  6,459,431   24%  3,722,735   58%
Revenue share and partner fees  17,202,481   31%     %  17,202,481   * 
Distribution and platform costs  12,328,214   22%  3,133,713   12%  9,194,501   293%
Total cost of revenue $40,423,550   72% $12,345,590   46% $28,077,960   227%
Gross profit $14,940,356      $14,513,929             
Gross profit margin  27%      54%            

*Not meaningful

Our cost of revenue increased by $28.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018.  This increase was primarily due to our overall increase in revenue resulting from Crackle Plus.  $17.2 million of the increase related to content revenue share and partner fees.  $9.2 million of the increase related to distribution and platform costs.


Operating Expenses for years ended  December 31, 2019 and 2018

The following table presents operating expense line items for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the year-over-year dollar and percentage changes for those line items:

  Year Ended December 31,       
     % of     % of  Change 
  2019  revenue  2018  revenue  Period over Period 
Operating expenses:                        
Selling, general and administrative $22,242,032   40% $10,745,235   40% $11,496,797   107%
Amortization  13,293,279   24%  326,988   1%  12,966,291   3,965%
Management and license fees  5,536,390   10%  2,666,907   10%  2,869,483   108%
Total operating expenses $41,071,701   74% $13,739,130   51% $27,332,571   199%

Our total operating expenses were 74% of net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 51% in the same period in 2018 and increased in absolute dollars by $27.3 million. Excluding amortization expense driven by acquired intangibles resulting from the formation of the Crackle Plus Network and the 2018 acquisition of Pivotshare, total operating expenses were 50% of net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The following table presents selling, general and administrative expense line items for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the year-over-year dollar and percentage changes for those line items:

  Year Ended       
  December 31,  Change 
  2019  2018  Period over Period 
Payroll, benefits and commissions $12,680,626  $4,629,115  $8,051,511   174%
Share-based compensation  1,061,926   953,688   108,238   11%
Outside professional services  1,569,715   2,529,630   (959,915)  (38)%
Public company costs and expenses  366,378   421,791   (55,413)  (13)%
Bad debt expense  1,428,453   329,544   1,098,909   333%
Other costs and expenses  5,134,934   1,881,467   3,253,467   173%
  $22,242,032  $10,745,235  $11,496,797   107%

Our selling, general and administrative expenses include salaries and benefits, non-cash share-based compensation, public and investor relations fees, outside director fees, professional fees and other overhead. A portion of selling, general and administrative expenses are covered by our management agreement with CSS, as noted below. Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $11.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018. This increase is primarily due to a $8.1 million increase in payroll, benefits and commissions expense, which is primarily due to a headcount increase of approximately 113% compared to 2018, a $3.3 million increase in other costs and expenses, which is primarily related to marketing, travel and entertainment and other expenses incurred as a result of Crackle Plus and a $1.1 million increase in bad debt expense primarily due to reserving certain aged customer balances, offset by a $1.0 million decrease in outside professional services.

Share-based compensation increased $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018 due to additional stock option grants awarded in 2019.


Management and License Fees for years ended  December 31, 2019 and 2018

We incurred management fees to CSS equal to 5% of total net revenue reported for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. We also incurred license fees to CSS for use of the brand equal to 5% of total net revenue reported for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. 

Interest Expense for years ended  December 31, 2019 and 2018

For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,  our interest expense was comprised primarily of interest paid on the Commercial Loan and a revolving line of credit with an entity controlled by our chief executive officer, respectively.

The following table presents cash-based and non-cash-based interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

  Year Ended December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Cash Based:        
Commercial Loan $638,617  $300,607 
Revolving credit facility  90,000    
Revolving line of credit - related party     30,268 
   728,617   330,875 
Non-Cash Based:        
Amortization of deferred financing costs  82,400   57,161 
   82,400   57,161 
  $811,017  $388,036 

Interest expense increased $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018. The increase is primarily due to amending the commercial loan on August 22, 2019, pursuant to which our existing commercial loan of $5.0 million and line of credit of $3.5 million were consolidated and combined into a term loan of $16.0 million, bearing an interest rate of 5.75%.

Acquisition Related Costs for years ended  December 31, 2019 and 2018

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 aggregate transaction-related costs, including legal, accounting and investment advisory fees totaled $4.0 and  $0.4 million, respectively. The $3.6 million increase in acquisition expenses is primarily related to professional service costs incurred in the formation of Crackle Plus.

Provision from Income Taxes for years ended  December 31, 2019 and 2018

The Company’s benefit from, or provision for income taxes, consists of federal and state taxes in amounts necessary to align our tax provision to the effective rate that we expect for the full year.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we reported income tax expenses of approximately $0.6 million and income tax expense of approximately $0.9 million, respectively, consisting of federal and state taxes currently payable and deferred. The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was 3% and 510%, respectively. The effective rate for the year ended December 31, 2018 was significantly impacted by temporary differences as described below.

Temporary timing differences consist primarily of net programming costs for released USA produced shows being deductible for tax purposes in the period incurred (under Internal Revenue Code Section 168(k)) as contrasted to the capitalization and amortization for financial reporting purposes under the guidance of ASC 926 — Entertainment — Films. Additionally, the Company amortized, for tax purposes, intangible assets under Section 197 of the Internal Revenue Code, the amounts of which differ substantially from charges on related assets that are either not amortized in the consolidated financial statements or amortized at different rates.

33

Affiliate Resources and Obligations for the years ended  December 31, 2019 and 2018

CSS License Agreement

We have a trademark and intellectual property license agreement with CSS, which we refer to as the ‘‘CSS License Agreement.’’ Under the terms of the CSS License Agreement, we have been granted a perpetual, exclusive, worldwide license to produce and distribute video content using the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand and related content, such as stories published in the Chicken Soup for the Soul books.

We pay CSS an incremental recurring license fee equal to 4% of our net revenue for each calendar quarter, and a marketing fee of 1% of our net revenue

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded $2.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of license fee expense under this agreement. We believe that the terms and conditions of the CSS License Agreement, which provides us with the rights to use the trademark and intellectual property in connection with our video content, are more favorable to us than any similar agreement we could have negotiated with an independent third party.

CSS Management Agreement

We have a management services agreement, ‘‘CSS Management Agreement’’, in which we pay CSS a management fee equal to 5% of our net revenue. Under the terms of the CSS Management Agreement, we are provided with the broad operational expertise of CSS and its subsidiaries and personnel, including the services of our chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Rouhana, our vice chairman and chief strategy officer, Mr. Seaton, our senior brand advisor and director, Ms. Newmark, and our chief financial officer, Mr. Mitchell. The CSS Management Agreement also provides for services, such as accounting, legal, marketing, management, data access and back-office systems, and provides us with office space and equipment usage.    On August 1, 2019, we entered into an amendment to the CSS Management Agreement which removed our obligation to pay sales commissions to CSS in connection with sponsorships for our video content or other revenue generating transactions arranged by CSS or its affiliates.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded $2.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of management fee expense under this agreement. We believe that the terms and conditions of the CSS Management Agreement, as amended, are more favorable and cost effective to us than if we hired the full staff to operate the Company.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measure for the years ended  December 31, 2019 and 2018

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). We use a non-GAAP financial measure to evaluate our results of operations and as a supplemental indicator of our operating performance. The non-GAAP financial measure that we use is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) is considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by Regulation G promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Due to the significance of non-cash, non-recurring, and acquisition related expenses recognized for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the likelihood of material non-cash, non-recurring, and acquisition related expenses to occur in future periods, we believe that this non-GAAP financial measure enhances the understanding of our historical and current financial results as well as provides investors with measures used by management for the planning and forecasting of future periods, as well as for measuring performance for compensation of executives and other members of management. Further, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA enables our board of directors and management to analyze and evaluate financial and strategic planning decisions that will directly affect operating decisions and investments. We believe this measure is an important indicator of our operational strength and performance of our business because it provides a link between operational performance and operating income. It is also a primary measure used by management in evaluating companies as potential acquisition targets. We believe the presentation of this measure is relevant and useful for investors because it allows investors to view performance in a manner similar to the method used by management. We believe it helps improve investors’ ability to understand our operating performance and makes it easier to compare our results with other companies that have different capital structures or tax rates. In addition, we believe this measure is also among the primary measures used externally by our investors, analysts and peers in our industry for purposes of valuation and comparing our operating performance to other companies in our industry.


The presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual, infrequent or non-recurring items or by non-cash items. This non-GAAP financial measure should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, our actual operating results included in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as consolidated operating income adjusted to exclude interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization (including tangible and intangible assets), acquisition-related costs, consulting fees related to acquisitions, dividend payments, non-cash share-based compensation expense, and adjustments for other unusual and infrequent in nature identified charges. Adjusted EBITDA is not an earnings measure recognized by US GAAP and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP; accordingly, Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA to be a meaningful indicator of our performance that provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations. The most comparable GAAP measure is operating income.

Adjusted EBITDA has important limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for our working capital needs;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the optioneffects of preferred dividend payments, or the cash requirements necessary to fund;

Although amortization and depreciation is a non-cash charge, the assets being depreciated will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the effects of the amortization of our film library, which include cash and non-cash amortization of our initial film library investments, participation costs and theatrical release costs;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of stock-based compensation upon our results of operations;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our income tax (benefit) expense or the cash requirements to pay our income taxes;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of acquisition related expenses; and the cash requirements necessary;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of other non-recurring, infrequent in nature and unusual expenses; and

Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.


In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to those eliminated in this presentation.

Reconciliation of Historical GAAP Net Income as reported to Adjusted EBITDA for 2019 and 2018

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods presented:

  Year Ended December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Net loss available to common stockholders, as reported $(34,976,816) $(1,957,882)
Preferred dividends  3,304,947   1,112,910 
Provision for income taxes  585,000   874,000 
Other Taxes  460,205    
Interest expense, net of interest income(a)  770,826   348,978 
Film library amortization, included in cost of revenue(b)  10,683,227   6,459,431 
Share-based compensation expense(c)  1,061,926   953,688 
Acquisition-related costs and other one-time consulting fees(d)  3,968,289   666,793 
Reserve for bad debt and video returns  2,669,699   646,289 
Amortization  13,293,279   326,988 
Loss on extinguishment on debt(e)  350,691    
Transitional Expenses(f)  3,505,855    
All other nonrecurring costs  276,400   589,679 
Adjusted EBITDA $5,953,528  $10,020,874 

(a).Includes non-cash amortization of deferred financing costs of $82,400 and $57,161 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

(b).Represents amortization of our film library, which include cash and non-cash amortization of our initial film library investments, participation costs and theatrical release costs as well as amortization for our acquired licensed program obligations.

(c).Represents expense related to common stock equivalents issued to certain employees and officers under the Long-Term Incentive Plan. In addition to common stock grants issued to employees and non-employee directors.

(d).Represents aggregate transaction-related costs, including legal fees, accounting fees, investment advisory fees and various consulting fees.

(e).Represents loss on extinguishment of debt that consists primarily of write-offs of unamortized deferred financing costs.

(f).Represents transitional acquisition related expenses primarily associated with the Crackle Plus business combination and our Company strategic shift related to our production business.  Costs include primarily non-recurring payroll and related expenses and redundant non-recurring technology costs incurred to transition the acquired business.


Results of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

Revenue

The following table presents revenue line items for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and for the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items:

  Nine Months Ended September 30,       
     % of     % of  Change 
  2020  revenue  2019  revenue  Period over Period 
Revenue:                  
Online networks $21,038,965   46% $25,128,001   81% $(4,089,036)  (16)%
Distribution and Production  26,948,795   58%  6,655,114   22%  20,293,681   305%
Total revenue  47,987,760   104%  31,783,115   103%  16,204,645   51%
Less: returns and allowances  (1,861,396)  (4)%  (828,785)  (3)%  (1,032,611)  125%
Net revenue $46,126,364   100% $30,954,330   100% $15,172,034   49%

Our net revenue increased by $15.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. This increase in net revenue was primarily due to the $20.3 million increase in Distribution and Production revenue resulting primarily from TVOD and video distribution revenue increases driven by strong performance by our film library content, as further described below.

Online Network revenue

Our online networks revenue decreased by $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. The decrease of $4.1 million was primarily due to a $7.7 million decrease in advertisement representation revenue comprised of a $10.0 million decrease in revenues due to the discontinued operations of one advertisement representation partner offset by increases in other advertisement representation partner revenues, $2.9 million increase in AVOD distribution revenue share driven by an increase in original and owned content viewership, a $0.7 million net combined decrease in various other online networks revenues, offset by a $7.2 million increase in our Crackle direct revenue primarily due to operating Crackle for 9 months in the current period as compared to 4.5 months in the prior year period.  As a result of the novel COVID-19 pandemic, we experienced a downturn in advertisement revenues during the 2nd quarter, which have gradually improved month over month during the 3rd quarter.

Distribution and Production revenue

Distribution and production revenues increased by $20.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. The increase of $20.3 million was primarily due to a $9.8 million increase in TVOD and internet streaming revenue primarily driven by strong performance from the Q3 releases including The Outpost, which hit #1 on several VOD platforms during the period, Blood and Money as well as Black Water: Abyss, a $8.2 million increase in video distribution and theatrical revenues driven primarily by the performance of The Last Full Measure and Blood and Money, $2.6 million increase in AVOD distribution revenue driven by our original and owned content and a net combined $0.3 decrease in other distribution and production revenues.


Cost of Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table presents cost of revenue line items for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items:

  Nine Months Ended September 30,       
     % of     % of  Change 
  2020  revenue  2019  revenue  Period over Period 
Cost of revenue:                  
Programming costs amortization $216,487   1% $451,050   1% $(234,563)  (52)%
Film library amortization  16,781,685   36%  3,475,471   11%  13,306,214   383%
Revenue share and partner fees  6,495,468   14%  11,417,776   37%  (4,922,308)  (43)%
Distribution and platform costs  14,191,146   31%  8,224,446   27%  5,966,700   73%
Total cost of revenue $37,684,786   82% $23,568,743   76% $14,116,043   60%
Gross profit $8,441,578      $7,385,587             
Gross profit margin  18%      24%            

Our cost of revenue increased by $14.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. This increase was primarily due to a $13.3 million increase in film library amortization as a result of the $20.3 million increase in distribution revenue, a $5.9 million increase in distribution and platform costs primarily due to incurring Crackle related technology costs for 9 months in the current period as compared to 4.5 months in the prior year period, offset by a $4.9 million decrease in revenue share and partner fees as a result of the $7.7 million decrease in advertisement representation revenue primarily driven by the discontinued operations of one ad rep partner and a $0.2 million decrease in programming amortization.

Operating Expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table presents operating expense line items for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items:

  Nine Months Ended September 30,       
     % of     % of  Change 
  2020  revenue  2019  revenue  Period over Period 
Operating expenses:                        
Selling, general and administrative $23,194,223   50% $13,894,351   45% $9,299,872   67%
Amortization and depreciation  15,022,885   33%  5,631,136   18%  9,391,749   167%
Management and license fees  4,612,636   10%  3,091,093   10%  1,521,543   49%
Total operating expenses $42,829,744   93% $22,616,580   73% $20,213,164   89%

Our total operating expenses were 93% of net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 73% in the same period in 2019 and increased in absolute dollars by $20.2 million. Excluding amortization and depreciation, operating expenses were 60% and 55% of net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.


Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. The increase is primarily due to a $4.4 million increase in payroll, benefits and commissions expense, discussed in the following selling, general and administrative section.

Amortization and depreciation expense increased by $9.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. The increase is primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets formed as a result of the Crackle Plus acquisition in May 2019.

The management and license fee increased $1.5 million or 49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. The increase is due to and in line with the $15.2 million or 49% increase in net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table presents selling, general and administrative expense line items for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and the period-over-period dollar and percentage changes for those line items:

  Nine Months Ended       
  September 30,  Change 
  2020  2019  Period over Period 
Payroll, benefits and commissions $12,695,703  $8,309,948  $4,385,755   53%
Share-based compensation  820,881   794,149   26,732   3%
Outside professional services  2,513,449   1,116,116   1,397,333   125%
Public company costs and expenses  432,170   243,240   188,930   78%
Bad debt expense  2,211,389   412,458   1,798,931   436%
Other costs and expenses  4,520,631   3,018,440   1,502,191   50%
  $23,194,223  $13,894,351  $9,299,872   67%

Our selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $9.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019.

Our payroll, benefits and commission expense increased by $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. This increase is primarily due to the acquisition of Crackle midway through the prior year period, a 15% increase in headcount as compared to the prior year quarter and increases in performance based compensation expense given the rebound in performance in the third quarter.

Bad debt expense increased $1.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019 as a result of reserving certain aged customer balances within our Distribution and Production operation area.

Other costs and expenses increased by $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019.  This increase is related to a $1.0 million increase in rent driven by the acquisition of Crackle midway through the prior year period and to a lesser extent, by recent office space expansion and a $0.5 million increase in marketing expenses related to increased marketing efforts in our online networks operation area.

Outside professional services increased by $1.4 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. This increase is related to a $1.0 million increase in legal fees, primarily driven by financing activities during the period, $0.2 million increase in consulting expenses and $0.2 million increase in accounting expenses as a result of the period over period growth in the business.


Management and License Fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

We incurred management fees to CSS equal to 5% of total net revenue reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. We also incurred license fees to CSS for use of the brand equal to 5% of total net revenue reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Interest Expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, our interest expense was comprised primarily of interest incurred on the commercial loan, the 9.50% Notes repaidDue 2025 and the revolving credit facility.

The following table presents interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  2019 
Notes due 2025 $431,564  $ 
Revolving credit facility  265,556    
Commercial loan  476,888   411,300 
Film acquisition advance  82,918    
Amortization of deferred financing costs  65,905   72,063 
  $1,322,831  $483,363 

Interest expense increased $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. The increase is primarily related to the July 2020 underwritten public offering of the 9.50% Notes due 2025 which bear interest of 9.50%.  In addition, we entered into a revolving credit facility with Cole Investments VII, LLC in connection with the creation of our Landmark Studio Group subsidiary in October 2019. The Revolving Credit Facility consists of a revolving line of credit in the amount of $2,500,000 and bears interest of 8% per annum.

Acquisition Related Costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 acquisition related costs, including legal, accounting and investment advisory fees totaled $0.1 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The $3.6 million decrease in acquisition related costs is primarily related to costs incurred in the prior period 2019 related to the formation of Crackle Plus while in the current year we had no such acquisition.

Other Non-Operating Income, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 other non-operating income was $4.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively.  Other non-operating income is primarily comprised of $5.4 million in extinguished liabilities as part of a settlement agreement with a technology platform vendor which discontinued operations prior to the stated maturity date.completion of the contractual service period. Other income was offset by other non-operating expenses related to a Crackle Plus partner settlement and realized and unrealized losses on marketable securities.

 

Except as described underProvision for Income Taxes for the captions “Events of Defaultnine months ended September 30, 2020 and Merger or Consolidation” in this prospectus, the indenture does not contain any provisions that give you protection in the event we issue a large amount of debt or we are acquired by another entity.

Optional Redemption2019

 

The NotesCompany’s provision for income taxes consists of federal and state taxes in amounts necessary to align our tax provision to the effective rate that we expect for the full year.

Our effective rate is impacted by permanent differences which consist primarily of charges for incentive stock options issued under the Company’s Long-Term Incentive Plan that are not tax-deductible as well as amortization of pre-acquisition film library costs for Screen Media Ventures for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.


Temporary timing differences consist primarily of net programming costs being deductible for tax purposes in the period incurred under Internal Revenue Code Section 181(pre-2018) and when placed in service (released) for production costs incurred in the United States under Section 168(k) (post-2017) as contrasted to the capitalization and amortization for financial reporting purposes under the guidance of ASC 926 —Entertainment — Films. The Company also amortized, under Section 197 of the Internal Revenue Code, certain intangible assets acquired in business combinations, with such amortization either not reported in the consolidated financial statements or reported at different amounts. Additionally, acquisition related costs that were expensed for financial reporting purposes are not immediately deductible for tax purposes but are amortized over 15 years under Section 197.


Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measure for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). We use a non-GAAP financial measure to evaluate our results of operations and as a supplemental indicator of our operating performance. The non-GAAP financial measure that we use is Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) is considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by Regulation G promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Due to the significance of non-cash, non-recurring, and acquisition related expenses recognized for the three  and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and the likelihood of material non-cash, non-recurring, and acquisition related expenses to occur in future periods, we believe that this non-GAAP financial measure enhances the understanding of our historical and current financial results as well as provides investors with measures used by management for the planning and forecasting of future periods, as well as for measuring performance for compensation of executives and other members of management. Further, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA enables our board of directors and management to analyze and evaluate financial and strategic planning decisions that will directly affect operating decisions and investments. We believe this measure is an important indicator of our operational strength and performance of our business because it provides a link between operational performance and operating income. It is also a primary measure used by management in evaluating companies as potential acquisition targets. We believe the presentation of this measure is relevant and useful for investors because it allows investors to view performance in a manner similar to the method used by management. We believe it helps improve investors’ ability to understand our operating performance and makes it easier to compare our results with other companies that have different capital structures or tax rates. In addition, we believe this measure is also among the primary measures used externally by our investors, analysts and peers in our industry for purposes of valuation and comparing our operating performance to other companies in our industry.

The presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual, infrequent or non-recurring items or by non-cash items. This non-GAAP financial measure should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, our actual operating results included in our condensed consolidated financial statements.


We define Adjusted EBITDA as consolidated operating income adjusted to exclude interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization (including tangible and intangible assets), acquisition-related costs, consulting fees related to acquisitions, dividend payments, non-cash share-based compensation expense, and adjustments for other unusual and infrequent in nature identified charges, including transition related expenses. Adjusted EBITDA is not an earnings measure recognized by U.S. GAAP and does not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP; accordingly, Adjusted EBITDA may not be redeemedcomparable to similar measures presented by other companies. We believe Adjusted EBITDA to be a meaningful indicator of our performance that provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations. The most comparable GAAP measure is operating income.

Adjusted EBITDA has important limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in wholeisolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for our working capital needs;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the effects of preferred dividend payments, or the cash requirements necessary to fund;

Although amortization and depreciation is a non-cash charge, the assets being depreciated will often have to be replaced in the future, and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect any cash requirements for such future replacements;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the effects of the amortization of our film library, which include cash and non-cash amortization of our initial film library investments, participation costs and theatrical release costs;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of stock-based compensation upon our results of operations;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense, or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect our income tax expense (benefit) or the cash requirements to pay our income taxes;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of acquisition related expenses; and the cash requirements necessary;

Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect the impact of other non-recurring, infrequent in nature and unusual income and expenses; and

Other companies in our industry may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than we do, limiting its usefulness as a comparative measure.

In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we may incur expenses similar to those eliminated in this presentation.


Reconciliation of Historical GAAP Net Income as reported to Adjusted EBITDA for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods presented:

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  2019 
Net loss available to common stockholders $(34,487,207) $(22,616,589)
Preferred dividends  2,966,235   2,330,675 
Provision for income taxes  93,000   557,000 
Other Taxes  202,117   386,265 
Interest expense(a)  1,322,831   483,363 
Film library and program rights amortization(b)  16,922,753   3,804,268 
Share-based compensation expense(c)  820,881   794,149 
Acquisition-related costs(d)  98,926   3,735,373 
Reserve for bad debt & video returns  4,072,785   1,241,243 
Amortization and depreciation(e)  15,661,774   5,631,136 
Other non-operating income, net(f)  (4,381,292)  (34,546)
Loss on extinguishment on debt  169,219   350,691 
Transitional expenses(g)  4,353,345   2,876,124 
All other nonrecurring costs  1,128,662   564,240 
Adjusted EBITDA $8,944,029  $103,392 

(a)Includes amortization of deferred financing costs of $65,905 and $72,063 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(b)Represents amortization of our film library, which include cash and non-cash amortization of our initial film library investments, participation costs and theatrical release costs as well as amortization for our acquired program rights.

(c)Represents expense related to common stock equivalents issued to certain employees and officers under the Long-Term Incentive Plan, as well as common stock grants issued to employees, non-employee directors and third-party consultants.

(d)Represents aggregate transaction-related costs, including legal fees, accounting fees, investment advisory fees and various consulting fees.

(e)Includes depreciation and amortization of intangibles, property and equipment and amortization of technology expenditures included in cost of revenue.

(f)Other non-operating income is primarily comprised of various extinguished liabilities as part of a settlement, see Results of Operations for further detail.

(g)Represents transitional related expenses primarily associated with the Crackle Plus business combination and the Company’s strategic shift related to its production business. Costs include non-recurring payroll, redundant non-recurring technology costs and other transitional costs.


Liquidity and Capital Resources During 2019 and 2018

Overview

Our primary sources of liquidity are our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash inflows from operating activities and financing activities.  As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $6.4 million. Our total commercial loan principal outstanding was $15.2 million as of December 31, 2019. In addition, the Company has an outstanding revolving credit facility in partthe amount of $5.0 million as of December 31, 2019.

Preferred Stock Offering

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed the sale of an aggregate of 680,505 shares of its Series A Preferred Stock at any time or from time to time at our option on or after July 31, 2022 (two yearsan offering price of $25.00 per share. The Company’s net proceeds from the Original Issue Date) upon not less than 30 days nor more than 60 days written noticesale of Series A Preferred Stock, after deducting offering expenses, was approximately $15.5 million.  The Company used the net proceeds from the sale of Series A Preferred Stock for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

We have declared monthly dividends of $0.2031 per share on our Series A Preferred Stock to holders of record as of each month end January through December 2019. Total dividends paid and declared during the year ended December 31, 2019 were $3.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively.

Commercial Loan

On August 22, 2019, the Company and Screen Media, as co-borrowers, and certain of its and their direct and indirect subsidiaries as guarantors, entered into an amended and restated loan and security agreement (“Amended and Restated Loan Agreement”) with Patriot Bank N.A. as lender. Under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, the Company’s outstanding $5,000,000 term loan and $3,500,000 line of credit were consolidated and combined into a term loan in the original principal amount of $16,000,000 (the “Commercial Loan”). The Commercial Loan is evidenced by mail priora consolidated, amended and restated term promissory note. Pursuant to the dateAmended and Restated Loan Agreement, at closing the Company paid to Patriot Bank an aggregate of approximately $178,000, representing (i) a commitment fee of $85,000, (ii) a payment of approximately $25,555 of interest due on the Loan for the 9 days of the month of August 2019, and (iii) fees of Patriot Bank’s counsel.

Subject to the terms of the Note, the Commercial Loan bears interest, payable monthly in arrears, at a fixed for redemption thereof.rate of 5.75% per annum. The redemption price shall include (i) 100% of the outstanding principal amount of the Notes called for redemptionCommercial Loan is repayable in consecutive monthly installments in equal amounts of $266,667, plus interest, commencing on October 1, 2019 and continuing on the same date fixed for redemption plus (ii) all accrued and unpaid interest payments otherwise payable thereon throughof each subsequent month thereafter during the date fixed for redemption. In addition, in the event of a merger or saleterm of the company or substantially all of its assets or a majorityCommercial Loan. The Commercial Loan matures on September 1, 2024.

Revolving Credit Facility

On October 11, 2019, the Company consummated the creation of the Company’s equity (on an after issued basis) in one or a series of related transactions, the Company shall have the right to redeem the Notes prior to July 31, 2022majority owned subsidiary Landmark Studio Group. Through and in connection with the consummationcreated subsidiary, Landmark Studio Group, the Company entered into the Revolving Credit Facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”) with Cole Investments VII, LLC. The Revolving Credit Facility consists of such transactions ona revolving line of credit in the foregoing terms.

You may be prevented from exchanging or transferring the Notes when they are subject to redemption. In case any Notes are to be redeemed in part only, the redemption notice will provide that, upon surrender of such Note, you will receive, without a charge, a new Note or Notes of authorized denominations representing the principal amount of your remaining unredeemed Notes. Any exercise$5,000,000 and bears interest of our8% per annum.  The outstanding principal is repayable in full on October 10, 2022, the maturity date.  At the option to redeem the Notes will be done in accordance with the indenture.

If we redeem only some of the Notes,lender, the trustee will determineloan is repayable in cash or additional equity in the method for selectionsubsidiary.  The loan is not collateralized by any assets of the particular Notes to be redeemed,Company except for the agreed upon security interest in accordance with the indenture and in accordance with the rules of any national securities exchange or quotation system on which the Notes are listed. Unless we default in payment of the redemption price, on and after the date of redemption, interest will cease to accrue on the Notes called for redemption.Landmark subsidiary.

 


Rating of the NotesCash Flows

 

Our Notes have a credit ratingcash and cash equivalents balance was $6.4 million and $7.2 million as of BBB from Egan-Jones Ratings Company. An explanation of the significance of ratings may be obtained from the rating agency. Generally, rating agencies base their ratings on such materialDecember 31, 2019 and information, and such of their own investigations, studies and assumptions, as they deem appropriate. The rating of the Notes should be evaluated independently from similar ratings of other securities. A credit rating of a security is paid for by the issuer and is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities and maybe subject to review, revision, suspension, reduction or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. See “Risk Factors — A downgrade, suspension or withdrawal of the credit rating assigned by a rating agency to us or the Notes, if any, could cause the liquidity or market value of the Notes to decline significantly.”2018, respectively.

 

Global SecuritiesCash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

 

Each Note will be issued in book-entry form and represented by a global security that we deposit with and register in the name of The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, or its nominee. A global security may not be transferred to or registered in the name of anyone other than the depositary or its nominee, unless special termination situations arise. As a result of these arrangements, the depositary, or its nominee, will be the sole registered owner and holder of all the Notes represented by a global security, and investors will be permitted to own only beneficial interests in a global security. For more information about these arrangements, see “— Book-Entry Procedures” below.

  Year Ended December 31,  Change in 
  2019  2018  Dollars  Percentage 
Cash provided by (used in):                
Operating activities $(18,698,763) $(7,760,712) $(10,938,051)  141%
Investing activities  (6,428,996)  (4,149,871)  (2,279,125)  55%
Financing activities  24,373,403   16,939,356   7,434,047   44%
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $(754,356) $5,028,773  $(5,783,129)  (115)%

 

Termination of a Global SecurityOperating Activities

 

IfNet cash used in operating activities was $18.7 million and $7.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase of $10.9 million in cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to 2018 was primarily due to a global security is terminated$14. 4 million increase in net loss adjusted for any reason, interests in it will be exchanged for certificates in non-book-entry form (certificated securities). After that exchange, the choiceexclusion of whether to hold the certificated Notes directly or in street name will be upnon-cash expenses, offset by approximately a $3.4 million increase related to the investor. Investors must consult their own banks or brokers to find out how to have their interestseffect of changes in a global security transferred on termination to their own names, so that they will be holders.

Paymentoperating assets and Paying Agents

We will pay interest to the person listed in the trustee’s records as the owner of the Notes at the close of business on a particular day in advance of each due date for interest, even if that person no longer owns the Note on the interest due date. That day, usually about two weeks in advance of the interest due date, is called the “record date.” Because we will pay all the interest for an interest period to the holders on the record date, holders buying and selling the Notes must work out between themselves the appropriate purchase price. The most common manner is to adjust the sales price of the Notes to prorate interest fairly between buyer and seller based on their respective ownership periods within the particular interest period. This prorated interest amount is called “accrued interest.”

Payments on Global Securities

We will make payments on the Notes so long as they are represented by a global security in accordance with the applicable policies of the depositary as in effect from time to time. Under those policies, we will make payments directly to the depositary, or its nominee, and not to any indirect holders who own beneficial interests in the global security. An indirect holder’s right to those payments will be governed by the rules and practices of the depositary and its participants, as described under “— Book-Entry Procedures.”

Payments on Certificated Securities

In the event the Notes become represented by certificated securities, we will make payments on the Notes as follows. We will pay interest that is due on an interest payment date to the holder of the Notes as shown on the trustee’s records as of the close of business on the regular record date at our office in New York, New York. We will make all payments of principal and premium, if any, by check at the office of the applicable trustee in New York, New York and/or at other offices that may be specified in the indenture or a notice to holders against surrender of the Note.

Alternatively, at our option, we may pay any cash interest that becomes due on the Notes by mailing a check to the holder at his, her or its address shown on the trustee’s records as of the close of business on the regular record date or by transfer to an account at a bank in the United States, in either case, on the due date.


Payment When Offices Are Closed

If any payment is due on the Notes on a day that is not a business day, we will make the payment on the next day that is a business day. Payments made on the next business day in this situation will be treated under the indenture as if they were made on the original due date. Such payment will not result in a default under the Notes or the indenture, and no interest will accrue on the payment amount from the original due date to the next day that is a business day.

Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how they will receive payments on the Notes.

Events of Default

You will have rights if an Event of Default occurs in respect of the Notes, as described later in this subsection.liabilities.

 

The term “Eventnet loss adjusted for the exclusion of Default” in respectnon-cash expenses was approximately $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to net income adjusted for the exclusion of non-cash expenses of $10.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily due to acquisition related expenses, selling, general and administrative expenses due to the growth and transformation of the Notes means any of the following:

We do not pay the principal (or premium, if any) of any Note, including any July 2025 Note, when due.

We do not pay interest on any Note, including any July 2025 Note, when due, and such default is not cured within 30 days.

We remain in breach of a covenant in respect of the Notes, including the July 2025 Notes, for 60 days after we receive a written notice of default stating we are in breach (the notice must be sent by either the trustee or holders of at least 25% of the principal amount of the Notes, including the July 2025 Notes, as a single series).

We file for bankruptcy or certain other events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur andbusiness, increase in the case of certain orders or decrees entered against us under bankruptcy law, such order or decree remains undischarged or unstayed for a period of 60 days.

An Event of Default for the Notes does not necessarily constitutemanagement and license fee and an Event of Default for any other series of debt securities issued under the same or any other indenture. The trustee may withhold notice to the holders of the Notes of any default, exceptincrease in the payment of principal or interest if it in good faith considers the withholding of notice to be in the best interests of the holders.

Remedies if an Event of Default Occurs

If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the Notes and July 2025 Notes, as a single series, may declare the entire principal amount of all the Notes to be due and immediately payable. This is called a declaration of acceleration of maturity. In certain circumstances, a declaration of acceleration of maturity may be canceled by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes and July 2025 Notes, as a single series, if  (1) we have deposited with the trustee all amounts due and owing with respect to the Notes (other than principal that has become due solely by reason of such acceleration) and certain other amounts, and (2) any other Events of Default have been cured or waived.

Except in cases of default, where the trustee has some special duties, the trustee is not required to take any action under the indenture at the request of any holders unless the holders offer the trustee protection from expenses and liability (called an “indemnity”). If indemnity is provided, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes and July 2025 Notes, as a single series may direct the time, method and place of conducting any lawsuit or other formal legal action seeking any remedy available to the trustee. The trustee may refuse to follow those directions in certain circumstances. No delay or omission in exercising any right or remedy will be treated as a waiver of that right, remedy or Event of Default.

Before you are allowed to bypass the trustee and bring your own lawsuit or other formal legal action or take other steps to enforce your rights or protect your interests relating to the Notes, the following must occur:

you must give the trustee written notice that an Event of Default has occurred and remains uncured;

the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of all the Notes and July 2025 Notes, as a single series, must make a written request that the trustee take action because of the default and must offer indemnity and/or security to the trustee against the cost and other liabilities of taking that action;


the trustee must not have taken action for 60 days after receipt of the above notice and offer of indemnity and/or security; and

the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes and July 2025 Notes, as a single series, must not have given the trustee a direction inconsistent with the above notice during that 60-day period.

However, you are entitled at any time to bring a lawsuit for the payment of money due on your Notes on or after the due date.

Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how to give notice or direction to or make a request of the trustee and how to declare or cancel an acceleration of maturity.

Each year, we will furnish to the trustee a written statement of certain of our officers certifying that to their knowledge we are in compliance with the indenture and the Notes, or else specifying any default.

Waiver of Defaultexpense.

 

The holdersdeferred tax asset decreased $0.5 million for year ended December 31, 2019 compared to a decrease of a majority in principal amount of$0.4 million for the Notes and July 2025 Notes, as a single series, may waive any past defaults other than:

the payment of principal or interest; or

in respect of a covenant that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of each holder.

Merger or Consolidation

Under the terms of the indenture, we are generally permittedyear ended December 31, 2018, see note 13 to consolidate or merge with another entity. We are also permitted to sell all or substantially all of our assets to another entity. However, we may not take any of these actions unless all the following conditions are met:

Where we merge out of existence or convey or transfer our assets substantially as an entirety, the resulting entity must agree to be legally responsibleconsolidated financial statements for our obligations under the Notes.

The merger or sale of assets must not cause a default on the Notes and we must not already be in default (unless the merger or sale would cure the default). For purposes of this no-default test, a default would include an Event of Default that has occurred and has not been cured, as described under “Events of Default” above. A default for this purpose would also include any event that would be an Event of Default if the requirements for giving us a notice of default or our default having to exist for a specific period of time were disregarded.

We must deliver certain certificates and documents to the trustee.

Modification or Waiver

There are three types of changes we can make to the indenture and the Notes.

Changes Requiring Your Approval

First, there are changes that we cannot make to the Notes without your specific approval. The following is a list of those types of changes:

change the stated maturity of the principal of or interest on the Notes;

reduce any amounts due on the Notes;

reduce the amount of principal payable upon acceleration of the maturity of a Note following a default;

change the place or currency of payment on a Note;

impair your right to sue for payment;

reduce the percentage of holders of Notes whose consent is needed to modify or amend the indenture; and


reduce the percentage of holders of Notes whose consent is needed to waive compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or to waive certain defaults.

Changes Not Requiring Approvalfurther detail.

 

The second typeeffect of change does not require any vote bychanges in operating assets and liabilities was a decrease of $15.7 million for the holdersyear ended December 31, 2019 compared to a decrease of $19.1 million for the Notes. This type is limitedyear ended December 31, 2018. The most significant drivers contributing to clarifications and certain other changes that would not adversely affect holders of the Notes in any material respect.

Changes Requiring Majority Approval

Any other changethis decrease relate to the indenture and the Notes would require the following approval:

if the change affects only the Notes, it must be approved by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Notes; and

if the change affects more than one series of debt securities issued under the same indenture, it must be approved by the holders of a majority in principal amount of all of the series affected by the change, with all affected series voting together as one class for this purpose.

In both cases, the required approval must be given by written consent.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of all of the series of debt securities issued under an indenture, voting together as one class for this purpose, may waive our compliance with some of our covenants in that indenture. However, we cannot obtain a waiver of a payment default or of any of the matters covered by the bullet points included above under “— Changes Requiring Your Approval.”

Further Details Concerning Voting

When taking a vote, we will use the following rules to decide how much principal to attribute to the Notes:

The Notes will not be considered outstanding, and therefore not eligible to vote, if we have deposited or set aside in trust money for their payment or redemption. The Notes will also not be eligible to vote if they have been fully defeased as described later under “Defeasance — Full Defeasance.”

We will generally be entitled to set any day as a record date for the purpose of determining the holders of the Notes that are entitled to vote or take other action under the indenture. However, the record date may not be more than 30 days before the date of the first solicitation of holders to vote on or take such action. If we set a record date for a vote or other action to be taken by holders of the Notes, that vote or action may be taken only by persons who are holders of the Notes on the record date and must be taken within eleven months following the record date.

Book-entry and other indirect holders should consult their banks or brokers for information on how approval may be granted or denied if we seek to change the indenture or the Notes or request a waiver.

Defeasance

“Defeasance” means that, by depositing with a trustee an amount of cash and/or government securities sufficient to pay all principal and interest, if any, on the Notes when due and satisfying any additional conditions noted below, we will be deemed to have been discharged from our obligations under the Notes. In the event of a “covenant defeasance,” upon depositing such funds and satisfying similar conditions discussed below we would be released from the restrictive covenants under the indenture relating to the Notes.

The following defeasance provisions will be applicable to the Notes:

Covenant Defeasance

Under the Indenture, we can make the deposit described below and be released from some of the restrictive covenants in the indenture under which the Notes were issued. This is called “covenant defeasance.” In that event, you would lose the protection of those restrictive covenants but would gain the protection of having money or money and government securities set aside in trust to repay your Notes. If we achieve covenant defeasance and your Notes were subordinated as described under “Indenture Provisions — Ranking” below, such subordination will not prevent the trustee under the indenture from applying the funds available to it from the deposit described in the first bullet to the payment of amounts due in respect of such debt securities for the benefit of the subordinated debtholders. In order to achieve covenant defeasance, we must do the following:


Since the Notes are denominated in U.S. dollars, we must deposit in trust for the benefit of all holders of the Notes either cash or a combination of cash and U.S. government or U.S. government agency notes or bonds that will generate enough cash to make interest, principal and any other payments on the Notes on their various due dates.

We must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion of our counsel confirming that, under current U.S. federal income tax law, we may make the above deposit without causing you to be taxed on the Notes any differently than if we did not make the deposit.

We must deliver to the trustee a legal opinion and officers’ certificate stating that all conditions precedent to covenant defeasance have been complied with.

Defeasance must not result in a breach or violation of, or result in a default under, the indenture or any of our other material agreements or instruments.

No default or event of default with respect to the Notes shall have occurred and be continuing and no defaults or events of default related to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization shall occur during the next 90 days.

If we accomplish covenant defeasance, you can still look to us for repayment of the Notes if there were a shortfall in the trust deposit or the trustee is prevented from making payment. For example, if one of the remaining Events of Default occurred (such as our bankruptcy) and the Notes became immediately due and payable, there might be a shortfall. Depending on the event causing the default, you may not be able to obtain payment of the shortfall.

Full Defeasance

We can legally release ourselves from all payment and other obligations on the Notes (called “full defeasance”) if we put in place the following other arrangements for you to be repaid:

 

 ·SinceChanges in accounts receivable primarily driven by increased revenue and timing of collections. Accounts receivable increased $24.5 million during the Notes are denominated in U.S. dollars, we must deposit in trust foryear ended December 31, 2019 as compared to an increase of $6.0 million during the benefit of all holders of the Notes a combination of money and U.S. government or U.S. government agency notes or bonds that will generate enough cash to make interest, principal and any other payments on the Notes on their various due dates.year ended December 31, 2018.

 

 ·We must deliverChanges in film library primarily due to increased investment in our distribution line of business. Film library

increased $18.1 million for the trusteeyear ended December 31, 2019 compared to a legal opinion confirming that there has been a change in current U.S. federal tax law or an IRS ruling that allows us to make$9.1 million increase for the above deposit without causing you to be taxed on the Notes any differently than if we did not make the deposit. Under current U.S. federal tax law the deposit and our legal release from the Notes would be treated as though we paid you your share of the cash and notes or bonds at the time the cash and notes or bonds were deposited in trust in exchange for your Notes and you would recognize gain or loss on the Notes at the time of the deposit.year ended December 31, 2018.

 

 ·We must deliverChanges in accounts payable and accrued expenses primarily driven by growth of the business and timing of accruals. Accounts payable and accrued expenses increased $24.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to $3.4 million during year ended December 31, 2018, this increase was largely driven by non-recurring acquisition related costs driven by our growth and M&A activity.


Investing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, our investing activities required a net use of cash totaling $6.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively. This resulted primarily from an increase in our due-from affiliated companies’ balance driven by our parent company’s central cash management system which from time to time funds are transferred to fulfill joint business needs and liquidity requirements settled on an ongoing basis.  Settlements fluctuate period over period due to timing of liquidity needs. 

Financing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2019, our financing activities provided net cash totaling $24.4 million. This resulted primarily from proceeds from the sale of our preferred stock of $17.0 million, proceeds of $8.7 million related to the commercial loan and proceeds of $5.0 million related to the revolving credit facility. Such proceeds were offset by the scheduled dividends payments to preferred stockholders in the amount of $3.3 million, payment of stock issuance costs of $1.5 million and scheduled debt principal payments of $1.5 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, our financing activities provided net cash totaling $16.9 million primarily consisting of proceeds from the commercial loan and the preferred stock offering, offset by dividends paid to preferred stockholders.

Anticipated Cash Requirements

We believe that cash flow from operations, cash on hand, and the monetization of trade accounts receivable, together with equity and debt offerings, will be adequate to meet our known operational cash and debt service (i.e., principal and interest payments) requirements for the foreseeable future. We monitor our cash flow liquidity, availability, capital base, operational spending and leverage ratios with the long-term goal of maintaining our credit worthiness. If we are required to access debt or equity financing for our operating needs, we may incur additional debt and/or issue preferred stock or common equity, which could serve to materially increase our liabilities and/or cause dilution to existing holders. There can be no assurance that we would be able to access debt or equity financing if required on a timely basis or at all or on terms that are commercially reasonable to our company. If we should be required to obtain debt or equity financing and are unable to do so on the required terms, our operations and financial performance could be materially adversely affected.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Report and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included herein. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates since December 31, 2019.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 3 “Recent Accounting Pronouncements”.


Liquidity and Capital Resources During Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

Overview

Our primary sources of liquidity are our existing cash and cash equivalents, cash inflows from operating activities and financing activities. The Company enhanced its liquidity position during the period, by improving year over year cash flow performance, replacing a commercial loan with senior unsecured notes and therefore reducing principal amortization requirements going forward, entering into a film acquisition advance arrangement, and issuing common stock in a private placement.  As of September 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $9.2 million. Our total senior unsecured notes principal outstanding was $22.1 million, our total outstanding revolving credit facility was $2.5 million and our total film acquisition advance was $10.2 million as of September 30, 2020.

Preferred Stock Dividend

We have declared monthly dividends of $0.2031 per share on our Series A Preferred Stock to holders of record as of each month ended January 31, 2020 through September 30, 2020. Total dividends paid from January through the date of this report were approximately $3.3 million.

Cash Flows

Our cash and cash equivalents balance was $9.2 million as of September 30, 2020 and $6.5 million as of December 31, 2019.

Cash flow information for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  2019 
Cash (used in) provided by:        
Operating activities $(13,811,032) $(16,368,899)
Investing activities  (609,607)  (5,796,629)
Financing activities  17,216,552   21,158,734 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents $2,795,913  $(1,006,794)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $13.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.  Net cash used in operating activities was $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in cash used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to a $8.6 million increase in net income adjusted for the exclusion of non-cash items and a $6.1 million decrease related to the effect of changes in operating assets and liabilities.

The net income adjusted for the exclusion of non-cash items was approximately $0.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to a net loss adjusted for the exclusion of non-cash items of $7.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in the net income adjusted for non-cash items was primarily due to a $20.0 million increase in net non-cash items driven by the amortization of film library assets and intangible assets, respectively, offset by an $11.3 million increase in net loss.


The effect of changes in operating assets and liabilities was a decrease of $14.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a decrease of $8.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The most significant drivers contributing to this decrease relate to the following:

Changes in accounts receivable primarily driven by the trustee a legal opinion and officers’ certificate stating that all conditions precedenttiming of collections. Accounts receivable decreased $5.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as compared to defeasance have been complied with.an increase of $16.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

 

 ·Defeasance must not resultChanges in the film library asset primarily due to increased premium content investment in our distribution and production operation area.  The film library asset increased $20.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, of$10.1 million increase for the indenture or any of our other material agreements or instruments;nine months ended September 30, 2019.

 

 ·No default or eventChanges in accounts payable and accrued expenses primarily driven by growth of default with respect to the Notes shall have occurredbusiness and be continuingtiming of accruals. Accounts payable and no defaults or events of default related to bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization shall occuraccrued expenses decreased $7.0 million during the next 90 days.nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to an increase of $17.8 million during nine months ended September 30, 2019.

If we ever did accomplish full defeasance, as described above, you would have to rely solely on the trust deposit for repayment of the Notes. You could not look to us for repayment in the unlikely event of any shortfall. Conversely, the trust deposit would most likely be protected from claims of our lenders and other creditors if we ever became bankrupt or insolvent. If your Notes were subordinated as described later under “— Indenture Provisions — Ranking,” such subordination would not prevent the trustee under the Indenture from applying the funds available to it from the deposit referred to in the first bullet of the preceding paragraph to the payment of amounts due in respect of such Notes for the benefit of the subordinated debtholders.


Limitation on Restricted Payments Covenant

In addition to any other covenants described in this prospectus, as well as standard covenants relating to payment of principal and interest, maintaining an office where payments may be made or where securities can be surrendered for payment, payment of taxes by us and related matters, upon (i) the failure to pay interest on any Note when such interest is due and payable or (ii) the occurrence of an Event of Default and while any such interest payment remains unpaid or such Event of Default is ongoing the indenture prohibits us from:

(1)        declaring or paying any dividend, making any distribution on or in respect of our capital stock or making any similar payment to the direct or indirect holders of our capital stock in their capacity as such;

(2)        purchasing, repurchasing, redeeming, retiring or otherwise acquiring (“Purchase”) for value any capital stock of the Company held by any Person (other than capital stock held by the Company or a subsidiary) or any capital stock of a subsidiary held by any Affiliate of the Company;

(3)        purchasing for value, prior to scheduled maturity, any scheduled repayment of any subordinated obligations; or

(4)        making any investment in any Person.

Form, Exchange and Transfer of Certificated Registered Securities

If registered Notes cease to be issued in book-entry form, they will be issued:

only in fully registered certificated form;

without interest coupons; and

unless we indicate otherwise, in denominations of $25 and amounts that are multiples of  $25.

Holders may exchange their certificated securities for Notes of smaller denominations or combined into fewer Notes of larger denominations, as long as the total principal amount is not changed and as long as the denomination is equal to or greater than $25.

Holders may exchange or transfer their certificated securities at the corporate trust office of the trustee. We have appointed the trustee to act as our agent for registering Notes in the names of holders transferring Notes. We may appoint another entity to perform these functions or perform them ourselves.

Holders will not be required to pay a service charge to transfer or exchange their certificated securities, but they may be required to pay any tax or other governmental charge associated with the transfer or exchange. The transfer or exchange will be made only if our transfer agent is satisfied with the holder’s proof of legal ownership.

We may appoint additional transfer agents or cancel the appointment of any particular transfer agent. We may also approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts.

If any certificated securities of a particular series are redeemable and we redeem less than all the debt securities of that series, we may block the transfer or exchange of those debt securities during the period beginning 15 days before the day we mail the notice of redemption and ending on the day of that mailing, in order to freeze the list of holders to prepare the mailing. We may also refuse to register transfers or exchanges of any certificated securities selected for redemption, except that we will continue to permit transfers and exchanges of the unredeemed portion of any debt security that will be partially redeemed.

If a registered debt security is issued in book-entry form, only the depositary will be entitled to transfer and exchange the debt security as described in this subsection, since it will be the sole holder of the debt security.

Resignation of Trustee

The trustee may resign or be removed with respect to the Notes provided that a successor trustee is appointed to act with respect to the Notes. In the event that two or more persons are acting as trustee with respect to different series of indenture securities under the indenture, each of the trustees will be a trustee of a trust separate and apart from the trust administered by any other trustee.


Indenture Provisions — Ranking

The Notes will be our direct unsecured obligations and will rank:

 

 Pari passu with, which means equalChanges in programming costs and rights due to all ofincreased content investment in our currently outstanding unsecured unsubordinated indebtedness issued by us, includingdistribution and production operation area. Programming costs and rights increased $6.1 million for the approximately $22.1nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to a $3.0 million principal amountincrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

Investing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, our investing activities required a net use of cash totaling $0.6 million and $5.8 million, respectively. This decrease resulted from a $2.8 million increase in capital expenditures primarily related to our ongoing investments in technology to support our growing operations, offset by a $1.6 million decrease in our due-from affiliated companies’ balance driven by our parent company’s central cash management system through which from time to time funds are transferred to meet liquidity needs and are settled on an ongoing basis. Settlements fluctuate period over period due to timing of these liquidity needs.

Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our financing activities provided net cash totaling $17.2 million. This increase was primarily due to the $21.0 million in net proceeds related to the public offering of the 9.50% notes due 2025, $8.8 million in proceeds from the film acquisition advance, $5.0 million in proceeds from a private placement sale of common stock and $3.0 million in net proceeds from the sale of our preferred stock, offset by the $15.2 million repayment of the Commercial Loan, the $3.0 million payment of dividends to preferred stockholders and a $2.5 million payment on our revolving credit facility.  These financing activities during the period have resulted in the Company improving its liquidity position by increasing cash on hand and extending future principal payments.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, our financing activities provided net cash totaling $21.2 million. This resulted primarily from the net proceeds from the sale of our preferred stock of $15.5 million and $8.7 million in proceeds from the Commercial Loan. Such proceeds were primarily offset by the payment of dividends to preferred stockholders of $2.3 million.


Anticipated Cash Requirements

We believe that cash flow from operations, cash on hand, and the monetization of trade accounts receivable, together with equity and debt offerings, will be adequate to meet our known operational cash and debt service (i.e., principal and interest payments) requirements for the foreseeable future.  We monitor our cash flow liquidity, availability, capital base, operational spending and leverage ratios with the long-term goal of maintaining our credit worthiness.  If we are required to access financing for our operating needs, we may incur additional debt and/or issue preferred stock or common equity, which could serve to materially increase our liabilities and/or cause dilution to existing holders.  There can be no assurance that we would be able to access debt or equity financing if required on a timely basis or at all or on terms that are commercially reasonable to our company.  If we should be required to obtain debt or equity financing and are unable to do so on the required terms, our operations and financial performance could be materially adversely affected.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

This discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported periods. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies, judgments and estimates, since December 31, 2019.


DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information about Directors and Executive Officers

The following table sets forth the name, age, and position of each of the Company’s executive officers and directors.

NameAgePositionAudit
Committee
Compensation
Committee
Nominating
Committee
William J. Rouhana, Jr.*68Chairman of the July 2025 Notes. The Notes will also rank pari passu with our general liabilities, which consist of tradeBoard and other payables, including any outstanding dividend payable on our Series A Preferred Stock, interest
Chief Executive Officer
Scott W. Seaton*61Vice Chairman and debt fees payable, vendor payables
Chief Strategy Officer
Christopher Mitchell*51Chief Financial Officer
Elana B. Sofko53Chief Operating Officer
Amy L. Newmark*64Senior Brand Advisor and accrued expenses such as auditor fees, legal fees, director fees, etc. In total, these general liabilities were $60.6 million as of September 30, 2020. We have the ability to issue from time to time other debt securities with terms different from the Notes and, without consent of the holders thereof, as well as the ability to reopen the Notes and issue additional Notes. If we issue additional debt securities, these additional debt securities could rank higher in priority of payment or have a lien or other security interest greater than that accorded to the holders of the Notes.
Director
Fred M. Cohen76Director
Cosmo DeNicola66Director
Martin Pompadur85Director
Christina Weiss Lurie61Director
Diana Wilkin62Director

 

*       Services provided pursuant to the CSS Management Agreement

Each director nominee serves as a current director of the Company and attended at least 75% of all meetings of the board of directors and each committee on which he or she sat during 2020.

We believe that it is necessary for each of our directors to possess qualities, attributes, and skills that contribute to a diversity of views and perspectives among the directors and enhance the overall effectiveness of the board of directors. As described below “Nominating Committee — Guidelines for Selecting Director Nominees,” the nominating committee of our Board considers all factors it deems relevant when evaluating prospective candidates or current members of our Board for nomination to our Board, as prescribed in the committee’s written charter and established guidelines and the Company’s corporate governance guidelines. All of our directors bring to the Board leadership experience derived from past service. They also all bring a diversity of views and perspectives derived from their individual experiences working in a range of industries and occupations, which provide our Board, as a whole, with the skills and expertise that reflect the needs of the Company. The following skills matrix shows the diverse range of experience our directors provide to our Company.

QualificationsExperience
Executive
Leadership
Public
Company
Director
Audit
Committee
Financial
Expert(1)
FinanceLawM&AMedia &
Entertainment
Industry
Experience
William J. Rouhana, Jr
Scott W. Seaton
Amy L. Newmark
Fred M. Cohen
Cosmo DeNicola
Martin Pompadur
Christina Weiss Lurie
Diana Wilkin

(1) Indicates audit committee members who the board has determined meet the criteria of an “Audit Committee Financial Expert” under applicable SEC rules.


Certain individual experiences, qualifications, and skills of our directors that contribute to the board of directors’ effectiveness as a whole are described in the biographies set forth below.

William J. Rouhana, Jr. Mr. Rouhana has been the Company’s Chairman since the formation of the Company’s predecessor in December 2014, has been the Company’s Chief Executive Officer since January 1, 2017 and has been the Chief Executive Officer of each of Chicken Soup for the Soul Holdings, LLC (“CSS Holdings”) and Chicken Soup for the Soul, LLC (“CSS”) since April 2008. Mr. Rouhana has been a leader in the media, entertainment and communications industries for more than 35 years. He was the founder and Chief Executive Officer of Winstar Communications, a wireless broadband pioneer, and Winstar New Media, one of the earliest online video content companies, from 1993 until 2001. During his career, Mr. Rouhana has led the acquisition of numerous media companies including Virgin Vision, a Virgin Group worldwide film distribution venture, in the 1980s. As an entertainment and finance lawyer from 1977 to 1985, he developed new film financing models for major producers such as Blake Edwards. He received his B.A. from Colby College, where he is currently trustee emeritus, and his J.D. from Georgetown Law School. He is the co-founder of The Humpty Dumpty Institute, which created the International Film Exchange, and the Chairman of the Global Creative Forum, which connects the United Nations with major film and television executives and talent. Among other qualifications, Mr. Rouhana brings to the Board extensive executive leadership in the communications, media and entertainment industries including production and distribution of content, and broad experience in business financings and acquisitions. Mr. Rouhana is the husband of Amy Newmark, a member of the Board.

Scott W. Seaton. Mr. Seaton has been the Company’s Vice Chairman, Chief Strategy Officer and a member of the Board since the Company’s formation in May 2016. He has been the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of CSS Holdings and CSS since April 2012. He has more than 25 years of media and telecommunications investment banking experience. Prior to joining the CSS companies, he was a Managing Director at Credit Suisse First Boston where he worked from 1988 to 2002, at Bank of America from 2002 to 2009 and at Oppenheimer & Co from 2010 to March 2012. He served on the board of Mediacom Communications Corporation from 2009 to 2011 when Mediacom was taken private for $3.7 billion. He received his A.B. from Stanford University and his M.B.A. from Harvard University. Among other qualifications, Mr. Seaton brings to the Board extensive public company and media-related financing, merger and acquisition transactional experience and important operating experience relating to the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand and related operations and media company board experience.

Christopher Mitchell. Mr. Mitchell became the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of CSS on January 1, 2019. He has more than 25 years of experience managing and financing businesses and providing financial and strategic advice to senior management teams. Since May 2013, he has been a member of the executive leadership team and an Executive Vice President at CSS, and the Chief Executive Officer of Chicken Soup for the Pet Lover’s Soul LLC, a subsidiary of CSS. From 2009 to 2013, he was the Chief Executive Officer and founder of TMG Partners, a specialized private capital investment firm focused on enterprising consumer goods and media companies. From 2004 to 2009, Mr. Mitchell was a senior founding member of a proprietary investment fund at Bank of America Merrill Lynch focused on making direct private investments into mostly consumer goods and media companies, including an investment in CSS, and from 1993 to 2003, he was a member of the Leveraged Finance team at Bank of America Merrill Lynch. During his career, Mr. Mitchell has led or assisted 59 transactions totaling more than $17 billion, including financings for subscription based or ad supported media businesses such as Bloomberg, Inc., QwestDex, Inc., Radio One, Inc., Block Communications, Gray Television, Inc., and Entercom Radio, LLC and consumer goods companies such as Del Monte, S&W Fine Foods, Contadina, College Inn, StarKist, Sun Fresh, Orchard Select, Kibbles ‘n Bits, C&H Sugar, Bell Sports and Accessory Network (leading accessories designer and manufacturer for Calvin Klein, Karl Lagerfeld, Tahari and Izod). Mr. Mitchell received his B.S. in Finance and B.S. in Management from Virginia Tech and studied International Law and Finance at the London School of Economics and Political Science.


Elana B. Sofko. Ms. Sofko became the Company’s Chief Operating Officer in November 2017. Prior to that, she served as Senior Vice President of Business Development and Distribution for the Company since September 2016. Ms. Sofko brings more than two decades of media and entertainment experience to the Company. From January 2013 to August 2016, Ms. Sofko led the digital business growth initiatives for WWE, a leading entertainment company, including WWE’s localization of digital products and the launch and international expansion of WWE Network, a subscription-based video over-the-top (OTT) service. From 2011 to December 2012, she led a technology innovation development program at ESPN and prior to that, from 2007 to 2011, headed global content strategy for Nokia’s mobile app storefront. From 2003 to 2007, Ms. Sofko launched digital businesses for A&E Television Networks. From 1997 to 2003, Ms. Sofko worked on the launch of satellite radio as part of the start-up team at SiriusXM. From 1991 to 1997, Ms. Sofko built and launched commercial background music services for News Corp. She received her B.A. from the State University of New York at Albany and an M.B.A. from the University of Connecticut.

Amy L. Newmark. Ms. Newmark has been a member of the Board since the Company’s formation in May 2016. She has more than 30 years of media and telecommunications industry and investment banking experience. Ms. Newmark has been the Publisher, Editor-in-Chief, and an author for CSS since April 2008 and has co-authored the publication of more than 165 books under the brand during her tenure. Ms. Newmark also serves as our Senior Brand Advisor. Ms. Newmark founded and managed a successful hedge fund for five years. Prior to that she was a Managing Director at CJ Lawrence and was a top-ranked telecom analyst during her tenure. She received her A.B. from Harvard University and is a Chartered Financial Analyst. Among other qualifications, Ms. Newmark brings to the Board important financing experience, content publications expertise and an intimate knowledge of the Chicken Soup for the Soul brand and related operations. Ms. Newmark is the wife of Mr. Rouhana, the Company’s chairman and chief executive officer.

Fred M. Cohen. Mr. Cohen has been a member of the Board since June 2016. He has more than 35 years of media and entertainment experience. Since 2004, he has been the Chairman of the International Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (Emmys), and, since 2000, the Chairman of its Foundation. Previously, he was the Executive Vice President of CBS Broadcast International, the President of King World International Productions, advisor to Harpo Productions on the international distribution of its television properties including The Oprah Winfrey Show and Dr. Oz. He is Chair Emeritus of PCI — Media Impact, a New York based international NGO (non-governmental organization). He received his B.A. from The University of Michigan and his M.S. from Stanford University. Among other qualifications, Mr. Cohen brings to the Board extensive executive and operational experience in the media and entertainment industries, including the international segments of such industries.

Cosmo DeNicola. Mr. DeNicola has been a member of the Board since June 2019. Mr. DeNicola is the founder of the Cosmo DeNicola Companies, a portfolio company that holds a diverse range of businesses in the healthcare, technology, publishing, professional sports, and entertainment industries. He is the founder of Amtech Software and Futura Services Inc., and a co-founder of InfoLogix Inc., LogisStar Solutions and Pursuit Healthcare Advisors. Mr. DeNicola received Ernst & Young’s Philadelphia Region Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2018 and was honored by the Fox School of Business as one of 100 world-wide entrepreneurs and visionaries who have helped shape Fox Business School and the business world. Mr. DeNicola received his B.A. from Temple University. Among other qualifications, Mr. DeNicola brings to the Board extensive executive and entrepreneurial experience.

Martin Pompadur. Mr. Pompadur has been a member of the Board since June 2019. Mr. Pompadur has over 50 years of experience in the media and entertainment industry. He joined American Broadcasting Company in 1960 and became the youngest person ever appointed to ABC, Inc.’s Board of Directors. He is currently on the board of Nexstar Media Group, Inc., and has previously served on the boards of IMAX Corporation, ABC Inc., Ziff Corporation, News Corporation Europe, Sky Italia, News Out of Home, BSkyB, and Metromedia International Group. Mr. Pompadur received his B.A. from Williams College and an L.L.B. from University of Michigan Law School. Among other qualifications, Mr. Pompadur brings to the board extensive executive and operational experience in the media and entertainment industries.

Christina Weiss Lurie. Ms. Weiss Lurie has been a member of the Board since June 2016. Her multi-faceted career spans the worlds of sports, entertainment and philanthropy. She is a minority owner of the Philadelphia Eagles and President of Eagles Charitable Foundation (formerly Eagles Youth Partnership). She is also an Oscar award-winning film producer. As executive producer, Ms. Weiss Lurie received an Oscar for Inside Job (2011), which tackles the consequences of systematic corruption of the U.S. by the financial services industry, and Inocente (2013), which features the struggles of a homeless, undocumented teen. She is the co-founder of multiple independent film companies, including Tango Pictures and Fourth and Twenty Eight Films. She is also a noted philanthropist. Under her leadership, the Philadelphia Eagles earned the coveted 2011 Beyond Sport Team of the Year award for their work in the community and for trailblazing environmental programs in professional sports. She received her B.A. from Yale University. Among other qualifications, Ms. Weiss Lurie brings to the Board extensive content production experience and broad management skills.

Diana Wilkin. Ms. Wilkin has been a member of the Board since June 2016. She has over 20 years of experience in the media industry. Since January 2017, Ms. Wilkin has been the President of Broadcast of Share Rocket, a social media measurement company. She has been Managing Director of Twelve 24 Media, a broadcast and media consulting firm, since February 2014. Formerly she served as President of CBS Affiliate Relations from 2008 to December 2013, where she was responsible for network agreements with all major broadcast groups’ television stations. From 2000 to 2008, she was involved in the management of both CBS and FOX affiliates as Vice President, General Manager in numerous markets. She received her B.S. from the University of Southern California. Among other qualifications, Ms. Wilkin brings to the Board, extensive management and operational experience in the media and entertainment industries, particularly in the television broadcasting industry.


Board Composition

Our board composition is as follows:

 

Family Relationships

William J. Rouhana, Jr., the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is the husband of Amy Newmark, a member of the Board.

Leadership Structure

William J. Rouhana, Jr. serves as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The Company does not believe that its size or the complexity of its operations warrants a separation of the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer functions. Furthermore, the Company believes that combining the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer promotes leadership and direction for executive management, as well as allowing for a single, clear focus for the chain of command. Mr. Rouhana is one of the Company’s founders and has substantial experience in the Company’s industry. The Company believes that he is uniquely qualified through his experience and expertise to be the person who generally sets the agenda for, and leads discussions of, issues relating to the implementation of the Company’s strategic plan. While the Board does not have a lead independent director, the independent directors meet in executive session regularly without the presence of management.

Conflicts of Interest

Our certificate of incorporation provides that:

we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or being offered an opportunity to participate in, any business opportunities that are presented to us or our officers, directors or stockholders or affiliates thereof, including but not limited to, CSS Productions, LLC (“CSS Productions”) and its affiliates; and

our officers and employees will not be liable to our company or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of any fiduciary duty by reason of any activities of us or any of the CSS Companies to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.


We have entered into agreements with our affiliated companies that provide us with access to important assets and resources, including a trademark and intellectual property license agreement, which we refer to as the “CSS License Agreement,” between us and CSS through which we have been granted a perpetual, exclusive, worldwide license to produce and distribute video content using the brand and related content, such as stories published in the Chicken Soup for the Soul books. Pursuant to the CSS License Agreement, the CSS Companies have agreed not to produce and distribute video content. Accordingly, if any of our future indebtednessexecutive officers or directors becomes aware of a non-video content opportunity which is suitable for an entity to which he or she has current fiduciary or contractual obligations, he or she will be entitled to present those opportunities to the CSS Companies prior to presenting them to us.

Independence of Directors

The Company’s Class A common stock and 9.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock are each listed on the Global Market of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) and the Company adheres to the Nasdaq listing standards in determining whether a director is independent. The Board consults with its counsel to ensure that expresslyits determinations are consistent with those rules and all relevant securities and other laws and regulations regarding the independence of directors. Nasdaq requires that a majority of the Board must be composed of “independent directors,” which is defined generally as a person other than an officer of a Company, who does not have a relationship with the Company that would interfere with the director’s exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director. Consistent with these considerations, the Company has determined that each of Messrs. DeNicola, Pompadur, and Cohen and Mses. Wilkin and Weiss Lurie is an independent director.

Board Role in Risk Oversight

The Board’s primary function is one of oversight. The Board as a whole works with the Company’s management team to promote and cultivate a corporate environment that incorporates enterprise-wide risk management into strategy and operations. Management periodically reports to the Board about the identification, assessment and management of critical risks and management’s risk mitigation strategies. Each committee of the Board is responsible for the evaluation of elements of risk management based on the committee’s expertise and applicable regulatory requirements. In evaluating risk, the Board and its committees consider whether the Company’s programs adequately identify material risks in a timely manner and implement appropriately responsive risk management strategies throughout the organization. The audit committee focuses on assessing and mitigating financial risk, including risk related to internal controls, and receives at least quarterly reports from management on identified risk areas. In setting compensation, the compensation committee strives to create incentives that encourage behavior consistent with the Company’s business strategy, without encouraging undue risk-taking. The nominating committee considers areas of potential risk within corporate governance and compliance, such as management succession. Each of the committees reports to the Board as a whole as to their findings with respect to the risks they are charged with assessing.

Board Committees

The Board has three separately standing committees: the audit committee, the compensation committee, and the nominating committee. Each committee is composed entirely of independent directors as determined in accordance with the rules of Nasdaq for directors generally, and where applicable, with the rules of Nasdaq for such committee. In addition, each committee has a written charter, a copy of which is available free of charge on the Company’s website at http://ir.cssentertainment.com.

Audit Committee

The audit committee consists of Mr. DeNicola (committee chairman), Mr. Cohen, and Ms. Wilkin, each of whom is “independent” as defined in Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act and the Nasdaq listing standards.

The audit committee’s duties, which are specified in the audit committee charter, include, but are not limited to:

reviewing and discussing with management and the independent registered public accounting firm the annual audited financial statements, and recommending to the Board whether the audited financial statements should be included in the Company’s annual reports;

discussing with management and the independent registered public accounting firm significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the Company’s financial statements;

discussing with management major risk assessment and risk management policies;

monitoring the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm;

verifying the rotation of the lead (or coordinating) audit partner having primary responsibility for the audit and the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit as required by law;

reviewing and approving all related-party transactions;

inquiring and discussing with management the Company’s compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

pre-approving all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, including the fees and terms of the services to be performed;

appointing or replacing the independent registered public accounting firm;

determining the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm (including resolution of disagreements between management and the independent registered public accounting firm regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; and

establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or reports which raise material issues regarding the Company’s financial statements or accounting policies.

Financial Experts on Audit Committee

The audit committee will at all times be composed exclusively of “independent directors” who are “financially literate” as defined under the Nasdaq listing standards. The definition of “financially literate” generally means being able to read and understand fundamental financial statements, including a company’s balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. The Board has determined that each of Messrs. DeNicola and Cohen, and Ms. Wilkin are independent directors and are financially literate.

Additionally, we must annually certify to Nasdaq that the audit committee has, and will continue to have, at least one member who has past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or other comparable experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication. The Board has determined that Mr. DeNicola qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined under rules and regulations of the SEC.

Compensation Committee

The compensation committee consists of Ms. Weiss Lurie (committee chairwoman), Ms. Wilkin, and Mr. Cohen, each of whom is an independent director.


The compensation committee’s duties, which are specified in the Company’s compensation committee charter, include, but are not limited to:

reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation (if any), evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’s performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of the Chief Executive Officer based on such evaluation;

reviewing and approving the compensation of all of the other executive officers (including through the Company’s management services agreements);

reviewing the terms of the CSS Management Agreement as further described below under “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions — Affiliate Resources and Obligations — CSS Management Agreement;”

reviewing the Company’s executive compensation policies and plans;

implementing and administering the Company’s equity-based incentive compensation plans, determining who participates in the plans, establishing performance goals, if any, and determining specific grants and bonuses to the participants;

assisting management in complying with the Company’s proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements;

approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for the Company’s executive officers and employees;

if required, producing a report on executive compensation to be included in the Company’s annual proxy statement; and

reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes to non-executive director compensation. The compensation committee makes all decisions regarding executive officer compensation.

The compensation committee periodically reviews the elements of compensation for the executive officers, including annual base salary, annual incentive bonus, and equity compensation, and advises the Board whether executive compensation is properly aligned with measures of shareholder value. The compensation committee also periodically reviews the terms of employment agreements with the executive officers, including in connection with any new hire or the expiration of any existing employment agreements. The compensation committee will consider the recommendations of the Chief Executive Officer when determining compensation for other executive officers of the Company. Executive officers do not determine any element or component of their own pay package or total compensation amount.

The compensation committee also reviews and approves the Company’s compensation plans, policies and programs and administers the Company’s equity incentive plans. In addition, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, and other members of management make recommendations to the compensation committee with regard to overall pay strategy for all employees, including program designs, annual incentive design, and long-term incentive plan design. Management from time to time provides the compensation committee with market information and relevant data analysis as requested.

The compensation committee retains sole authority to engage compensation consultants, including determining the nature and scope of services and approving the amount of compensation for those services, and legal counsel or other advisors. The compensation committee assesses the independence of any consultants pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the listing standards of Nasdaq. The Company will provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the compensation committee, for payment of any such investigations or studies and the compensation to any consulting firm, legal counsel or other advisors retained by the compensation committee.

Nominating Committee

The nominating committee consists of Mr. Cohen (committee chairman), Mr. Pompadur, and Ms. Weiss Lurie, each of whom is an independent director under the Nasdaq listing standards.. The nominating committee is responsible for overseeing the selection of persons to be nominated to serve on the Board.


Guidelines for Selecting Director Nominees

The nominating committee will consider persons identified by its members, management, stockholders, investment bankers and others. The guidelines for selecting nominees, which are specified in the nominating committee charter, generally provide that persons to be nominated:

should have demonstrated significant achievements in business, education, or public service;

should possess the requisite intelligence, education and experience to make a significant contribution to the Board and bring a range of skills, diverse perspectives, and backgrounds to its deliberations; and

should have the highest ethical standards, a strong sense of professionalism, and intense dedication to serving the interests of the stockholders.

The nominating committee will consider a number of qualifications relating to management and leadership experience, background, and integrity and professionalism in evaluating a person’s candidacy for membership on the Board. The nominating committee may require certain skills or attributes, such as financial or accounting experience, to meet specific Board needs that arise from time to time and will also consider the overall experience and makeup of its members to obtain a broad and diverse mix of board members. Although the Board does not have specific guidelines on diversity, it is subordinatedone of many criteria considered by the nominating committee when evaluating candidates. The nominating committee does not distinguish among nominees recommended by stockholders and other persons.

Procedure for Stockholders to Recommend Director Candidates

The nominating committee does not have a written policy or formal procedural requirements for stockholders to submit recommendations for director nominations. However, the nominating committee will consider recommendations from stockholders. Stockholders should communicate nominee suggestions directly to the Notes. We currently do notnominating committee and accompany the recommendation with biographical details and a statement of support for the nominee. The suggested nominee must also provide a statement of consent to being considered for nomination. There have outstanding debt that is subordinatedbeen no material changes to the Notes and do not currently intend to issue indebtedness that expressly provides that it is subordinatedprocedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Notes. Therefore, the Notes, as currently contemplated, will not be senior to any indebtedness or obligations.Board.

 

Effectively subordinated

Code of Ethics

In August 2017, the Company adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of its respective executive officers, directors and employees. The code of ethics codifies the business and ethical principles that govern all aspects of the Company’s business. This code of ethics is posted on the Company’s corporate website at http://ir.cssentertainment.com. In addition, the Company intends to post on its website disclosures that are required by law concerning any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Company’s code of ethics.

Stockholder Communications

Stockholders may contact the Board or individual members of the Board by writing to them in care of the Secretary, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment Inc., P.O. Box 700, Cos Cob, Connecticut 06807. The Secretary will forward all correspondence received to the Board or the applicable director from time to time. This procedure was approved by the Company’s independent directors.

Director Compensation

Each of the Company’s independent Directors receives annual director fees totaling $50,000 per year in two equal semi-annual installments, payable 50% in cash and 50% in shares of Class A common Stock.

The following table sets forth compensation earned by each director who are not named executive officers and served during the year ended December 31, 2020.

Name 

Fees Earned or

 Paid in Cash ($)(1)

  Stock Awards ($)(2)  Total ($) 
Fred M. Cohen  25,000   25,249   50,249 
Christina Weiss Lurie  25,000   25,249   50,249 
Diana Wilkin  25,000   25,249   50,249 
Cosmo DeNicola  25,000   25,249   50,249 
Martin Pompadur  25,000   25,249   50,249 

(1)Represents the cash portion of annual director fees.
(2)Represents the fair value of the share awards for the year ended December 31, 2020, calculated in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be realized by the board member. The assumptions made in valuing the share awards reported in this column are discussed in the Company’s audited financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, including in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — Share-Based Compensation, and Note 6, Share-Based Compensation.


The following table presents information regarding the outstanding stock options held by the Company’s non-executive directors at December 31, 2019.

   Option Awards
  Number of  Number of      
  Securities  Securities      
   Underlying
Unexercised
   Underlying
Unexercised
       
   Options   Options   Option  Option
Name  (#) Exercisable   (#) Unexercisable   Exercise Price ($)  Expiration Date
Amy L. Newmark  100,000   0   6.50  12/31/2022


EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION

Compensation Objectives

Our compensation program is designed to attract, retain, and motivate highly qualified executive officers and to establish an appropriate relationship between executive compensation and the creation of stockholder value.

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth the compensation paid to or earned by each of our existingNamed Executive Officers for each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 2020 and future secured indebtedness (including indebtedness2019.

Name and Position Year  Salary ($)(1)  Bonus ($)(1)  Stock
Awards ($)(2)
  All Other ($)(1)  Total ($) 
William J. Rouhana, Jr.  2020   126,000         8,595   134,595 
Chief Executive Officer  2019   126,000         9,326   135,326 
Scott W. Seaton  2020   62,500         6,819   69,319 
Vice Chairman  2019   62,500         10,314   72,814 
Christopher Mitchell  2020   200,000   125,000      18,204   343,204 
Chief Financial Officer  2019   175,000   108,750   399,000   22,332   705,082 
Elana B. Sofko  2020   390,000   160,000      18,147   568,147 
Chief Operating Officer  2018   320,000   160,000   399,000   15,611   894,611 

(1)Represents the allocable portion (based on business time allocated to CSSE) of salary and bonus, medical care, vision, and long-term disability coverage premiums that is paid by our parent company to the listed executive officers. These amounts are not paid separately by CSSE; they are covered by payments CSSE makes under the CSS Management Agreement (except with respect to Elana B. Sofko).
(2)The amounts reported in the “Stock Awards” column reflect the fair value of stock options for the year ended December 31, 2020, calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 718. These amounts do not necessarily correspond to the actual value that may be realized by the named executive officers.

Compensation Arrangements for Named Executive Officers

William J. Rouhana, Jr., Scott W. Seaton, Christopher Mitchell — CSS Management Agreement

The Company entered into the CSS Management Agreement with its parent operating company, CSS, on May 12, 2016. Under the terms of the CSS Management Agreement, the Company is initially unsecuredprovided with the broad operational expertise of the CSS companies’ personnel, including the Company’s chairman and chief executive officer, vice chairman and chief strategy officer, senior brand advisor and director, chief financial officer, and chief accounting officer. The CSS Management Agreement also provides for the Company to which we subsequentlyreceive numerous other services, including accounting, legal, marketing, social media support, management, data access and back office systems, and requires CSS to provide the Company with office space and equipment usage. The terms of the CSS Management Agreement and payments made by the Company to date thereunder are described under “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions — Affiliate Resources and Obligations — CSS Management Agreement.


Elana B. Sofko

Ms. Sofko became our Chief Operating Officer on November 6, 2017. During 2020, Ms. Sofko’s annual base salary was $390,000 and during 2019 her annual base salary was $320,000. Ms. Sofko is entitled to receive a discretionary cash bonus of up to 50% of her annual base salary each year. For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, Ms. Sofko was awarded a cash bonus of $160,000 and $160,000 respectively.

Payments upon Termination or Change in Control

In 2017, Ms. Sofko entered into a severance agreement with the Company. If Ms. Sofko’s employment is terminated by the Company other than for cause, then she will be entitled to continued salary for a period of six months. Ms. Sofko is not entitled to accelerated vesting of any outstanding equity awards.

The following table summarizes the amounts payable upon termination of employment for Ms. Sofko, assuming termination occurred on December 31, 2020 under the severance arrangement with Ms. Sofko. For purposes of presenting amounts payable over a period of time (e.g., salary continuation), the amounts are shown as a single total but not as a present value (the single sum does not reflect any discount).

  Potential Termination Payments 
Name By the Executive ($)  By Company for Cause ($)  By Company without Cause ($) 
Elana B. Sofko       $195,000 

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The following table summarizes the outstanding option and stock awards as of December 31, 2020 for each Named Executive Officer.

  Option Awards 
  Number of Securities  Number of Securities       
  Underlying  Underlying       
  Unexercised Options  Unexercised Options  Option  Option 
Name (#) Exercisable  (#) Unexercisable  Exercise Price ($)  Expiration Date 
William J. Rouhana, Jr.            
Chief Executive Officer                
Scott W. Seaton  100,000   0   6.50   1/1/2022 
Vice Chairman                
Christopher Mitchell  66,667   33,333   8.08   1/16/2023 
Chief Financial Officer                
Elana B. Sofko  75,000   0   7.50   12/31/2022 
Chief Operating Officer  66,667   33,333   8.08   1/16/2024 

The Company believes equity grants provide its executives with a strong link to the Company’s long-term performance, create an ownership culture and help to align the interests of the Company’s executives and its stockholders. In addition, the Board and the compensation committee periodically review the equity incentive compensation of the Company’s named executive officers and, from time to time, may grant security interest) ), including our $10,210,000 film acquisition advance from Great Point Media Limited which is securedequity incentive awards to them in the form of stock options or other equity awards.


SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS

The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock as of the date of this prospectus by:

each person known by territorial licenses and distribution rights in certain films and productions owned orthe Company to be acquired by Screen Media, but only to the extentbeneficial owner of more than 5% of the valueCompany’s outstanding shares of common stock;
each of the assets securing such indebtedness. BecauseCompany’s officers and directors; and
all of the Notes will not be secured by any of our assets, they will be effectively subordinated to any existing secured indebtedness, any indebtedness that we may incur in the future, suchCompany’s officers and directors as a new credit facility, or any indebtedness that is initially unsecured to which we subsequently grant a security interest, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. In any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or other similar proceeding, the holders of any of our existing or future secured indebtedness may assert rights against the assets pledged to secure that indebtedness in order to receive full payment of their indebtedness before the assets may be used to pay other creditors, including the holders of the Notes, and any assets of our subsidiaries will not be directly available to satisfy the claims of our creditors, including holders of the Notes.group.

 

Structurally subordinated to all existing

The beneficial ownership of each person was calculated based on 6,255,111 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and future indebtedness and other obligations7,654,506 shares of any of our subsidiaries and financing vehicles, including the unsecured $5,000,000 revolving credit facility, as amended, between Landmark Studio Group, as borrower, and Cole Investments VII LLC, as lender (of which $2,500,000 isClass B common stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus)prospectus. Except as otherwise indicated, the Company believes all persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all the shares of common stock beneficially owned by them.

   Shares Beneficially Owned 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1)  Class A   %   Class B   %   Percent of
Total Voting
Power(2)
 
Current Directors and Officers:                    
William J. Rouhana, Jr.(3)  316,932(4)  5.07   7,654,506(5)  100   92.83 
Scott W. Seaton  119,660(6)  1.91      0   * 
Christopher Mitchell  87,581(7)  1.40      0   * 
Elana B. Sofko  158,331(8)  2.53      0   * 
Amy L. Newmark(3)  161,464(9)  2.58      0   * 
Fred M. Cohen  14,364   *      0   * 
Cosmo DeNicola  254,645(10)  4.07      0   * 
Martin Pompadur  2,855   *      0   * 
Christina Weiss Lurie  33,117   *      0   * 
Diana Wilkin  21,447   *      0   * 
All current directors and executive officers as a group (ten persons)   1,170,396 (11)   18.71    7,654,506    100   93.86 
Five Percent Holders:                    
Chicken Soup for the Soul Productions, LLC   —    0    7,654,506    100   92.44 
Trema, LLC  316,932(4)  5.07      0   * 
Royce & Associates, LP(12)  413,224   6.61      0   * 
Greenhaven Road Investment Management, L.P.(13)   813,714    13.01    —    0    * 
Sony Corporation(14)  4,000,000   39.00      0   4.83 

*Less than one percent.
(1)Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the individuals is Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc., P.O. Box 700, Cos Cob, Connecticut 06807.
(2)Percentage of total voting power represents voting power with respect to all shares of Class A and Class B common stock, as a single class. The holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share, and holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share.
(3)Mr. Rouhana and Ms. Newmark are married. Each spouse disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by the other spouse.


(4)Trema, LLC is an affiliate of Mr. Rouhana.
(5)Represents (i) 159,432 shares of Class B common stock beneficially owned by an affiliate of Mr. Rouhana and (ii) all of the shares of Class B common stock owned by CSS Productions. The ultimate parent of CSS Productions is CSS Holdings, which in turn is ultimately controlled by Mr. Rouhana.

(6)Includes 100,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under options that have vested. All of these options were granted under the Company’s 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan, vest in equal quarterly installments beginning on September 30, 2018 and are exercisable at $6.50 per share. Also includes (i) 10,625 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of Class W warrants at an exercise price of $7.50 per share and (ii) 2,085 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of Class Z warrants at an exercise price of $12.00.
(7)Represents (i) 75,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under options that have vested and an additional 8,333 shares purchasable under options that will vest within 60 days of the date hereof, but does not include 25,000 shares purchasable under options that do not vest within 60 days of the date hereof, such options granted under the Company’s 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan, vest in twelve equal quarterly installments beginning on March 31, 2019 and are exercisable at $8.08 per share and (ii) 4,250 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of Class W Warrants at an exercise price of $7.50 per share.

(8)Represents: (i) 75,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under options that have vested, such options granted under the Company’s 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan and vest in quarterly installments beginning on March 1, 2017 and are exercisable at $7.50 per share; and (ii) 75,000 shares purchasable under options that have vested and an additional 8,333 shares purchasable under options that will vest within 60 days of the date hereof, but does not include 25,000 shares purchasable under options that do not vest within 60 days of the date hereof, such options granted under the Company’s Incentive Plan, vest in twelve equal quarterly installments beginning on March 31, 2019 and are exercisable at $8.08 per share.
(9)Includes 100,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under options that have vested. All of these options were granted under the Company’s 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan, vest in equal quarterly installments beginning on September 30, 2018 and are exercisable at $6.50 per share. Also includes 33,150 shares underlying Class W warrants at an exercise price of $7.50 per share and 6,534 shares underlying Class Z warrants at an exercise price of $12.00 per share.
(10)Includes 53,200 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of Class W warrants at an exercise price of $7.50 per share.
(11)Represents all of the shares beneficially owned by the individuals listed above and as set forth in footnotes (4) through (10) above.
(12)The business address of Royce & Associates, LP is 745 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10151. Information derived from a Schedule 13G filed on February 6, 2019. Includes (i) 314,500 shares held by Royce Micro Cap Trust and (ii) 78,724 shares held by Royce Total Return Fund, each of which is an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and managed by Royce & Associates, LP. Various accounts managed by Royce & Associates, LP have the right to receive or the power to direct the receipts of dividends from, or the proceeds from the sale of shares of the issuer. Information derived from two Schedule 13G/As filed on January 21, 2020.
(13)The business address of Greenhaven Road Investment Management, LP is c/o Royce & Associates, LP, 8 Sound Shore Drive, Suite 190, Greenwich, CT 06830. Information derived from a Schedule 13G/A filed on February 13, 2020. Represents shares held by (1) Scott Miller; (2) Greenhaven Road Investment Management, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Investment Manager”); (3) MVM Funds, LLC, a New York limited liability company (the “General Partner”); (4) Greenhaven Road Capital Fund 1, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Fund 1”); and (5) Greenhaven Road Capital Fund 2, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Fund 2”, and together with Fund 1, the “Funds”) (all of the foregoing, collectively, the “Reporting Persons”). Each Fund is a private investment vehicle. The Funds directly beneficially own the Class A Common Stock (as defined below) reported in this Statement. The Investment Manager is the investment manager of the Funds. The General Partner is the general partner of the Funds and the Investment Manager. Scott Miller is the controlling person of the General Partner. Scott Miller, the Investment Manager and the General Partner may be deemed to beneficially own the Class A Common Stock directly beneficially owned by the Funds. Each Reporting Person disclaims beneficial ownership with respect to any shares other than the shares directly beneficially owned by such Reporting Person.

(14)The business address of Sony Corporation is 7-1, Konan 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075 Japan. Information derived from a Schedule 13D/A filed on November 4, 2019. Includes shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase (i) 800,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.13 per share; (ii) 1,200,000 shares of Issuer Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.67 per share; (iii) 380,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.61 per share; and (iv) 1,620,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.61 per share.


CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS

Related Person Policy

The Company’s Code of Ethics requires that the Company avoid, wherever possible, all related party transactions that could result in actual or potential conflicts of interests, except under guidelines approved by the Board. Related party transactions are defined under SEC rules as transactions in which (1) the aggregate amount involved will or may be expected to exceed the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the Company’s total assets in any calendar year, (2) the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a participant, and (3) any (a) executive officer, director or nominee for election as a director, (b) greater than 5% beneficial owner of the Company’s shares of common stock, or (c) immediate family member, of the persons referred to in clauses (a) and (b), sincehas or will have a direct or indirect material interest (other than solely as a result of being a director or a less than 10% beneficial owner of another entity). A conflict of interest situation can arise when a person takes actions or has interests that may make it difficult to perform his or her work objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest may also arise if a person, or a member of his or her family, receives improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position.

No director may participate in the Notesapproval of any transaction in which he is a related party, but that director is required to provide the other members of the Board with all material information concerning the transaction. Additionally, the Company requires each of its directors and executive officers to complete a directors’ and officers’ questionnaire that elicits information about related party transactions.

These procedures are obligations exclusivelyintended to determine whether any such related party transaction impairs the independence of a director or presents a conflict of interest on the part of a director, employee or officer.

Affiliate Resources and Obligations

CSS License Agreement

We have a trademark and intellectual property license agreement with CSS, which we refer to as the “CSS License Agreement.” Under the terms of the CSS License Agreement, we have been granted a perpetual, exclusive, worldwide license to produce and distribute video content using the Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.brand and not of anyrelated content, such as stories published in the Chicken Soup for the Soul books. We pay CSS an incremental recurring license fee equal to 4% of our subsidiaries. Structural subordination meansnet revenue for each calendar quarter, and a marketing fee of 1% of our net revenue.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded $2.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of license fee expense under this agreement. We believe that creditorsthe terms and conditions of the CSS License Agreement, which provides us with the rights to use the trademark and intellectual property in connection with our video content, are more favorable to us than any similar agreement we could have negotiated with an independent third party.

CSS Management Agreement

We have a parent entitymanagement services agreement, which we refer to as the “CSS Management Agreement”, in which we pay CSS a management fee equal to 5% of our net revenue. Under the terms of the CSS Management Agreement, we are subordinateprovided with the broad operational expertise of CSS and its subsidiaries and personnel, including the services of our chairman and chief executive officer, Mr. Rouhana, our vice chairman and chief strategy officer, Mr. Seaton, our senior brand advisor and director, Ms. Newmark, and our chief financial officer, Mr. Mitchell. The CSS Management Agreement also provides for services, such as accounting, legal, marketing, management, data access and back-office systems, and provides us with office space and equipment usage. On August 1, 2019, we entered into an amendment to creditorsthe CSS Management Agreement which removed our obligation to pay sales commissions to CSS in connection with sponsorships for our video content or other revenue generating transactions arranged by CSS or its affiliates.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded $2.8 million and $1.3 million, respectively, of management fee expense under this agreement. We believe that the terms and conditions of the CSS Management Agreement, as amended, are more favorable and cost effective to us than if we hired the full staff to operate the Company.


DESCRIPTION OF OUR COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Introduction

In the discussion that follows, we have summarized selected provisions of our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and the Delaware General Corporation Law, or “DGCL,” relating to our capital stock. This summary is not complete. This discussion is subject to the relevant provisions of Delaware law and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws. You should read the provisions of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws as currently in effect for provisions that may be important to you.

General

We are authorized to issue 70 million shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $.0001, 20 million shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $.0001, and 10 million shares of preferred stock, par value $.0001, of which 4,300,000 shares have been designated Series A Preferred Stock.

As of the date of this prospectus, 6,255,111 shares of our Class A Common Stock are outstanding, 7,654,506 shares of our Class B Common Stock are outstanding and 3,698,318 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock are outstanding. We also have outstanding Class W Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 618,343 shares of our Class A Common Stock and Class Z Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 180,618 share of our Class A Common Stock, and we issued warrants to CPEH to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Class A Common Stock.

Common Stock

Voting Rights

Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock have substantially identical rights, except that holders of shares of Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of shares of Class B Common Stock are entitled to ten votes per share. Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock vote together as a subsidiary entitysingle class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders, unless otherwise required by law or our charter. See “Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws,” below. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the subsidiary’s assets.

election of directors, with the result that the holders of more than 50% of the voting power voting for the election of directors can elect all of the directors.

 

Book-Entry ProceduresDividend Rights

Shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock shall be treated equally, identically and ratably, on a per share basis, with respect to any dividends or distributions as may be declared and paid from time to time by the board of directors out of any assets legally available therefor.

No Preemptive or Similar Rights

Our common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion, redemption or sinking fund provisions.

Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions

Subject to the preferential or other rights of any holders of preferred stock then outstanding, including the Series A Preferred Stock, upon our dissolution, liquidation or winding up, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock will be entitled to receive ratably all of our assets available for distribution to our stockholders unless disparate or different treatment of the shares of each such class with respect to distributions upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up is approved in advance by the affirmative vote (or written consent if action by written consent of stockholders is permitted at such time under our certificate of incorporation) of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, each voting separately as a class.

Merger or Consolidation

In the case of any distribution or payment in respect of the shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock upon our consolidation or merger with or into any other entity, or in the case of any other transaction having an effect on stockholders substantially similar to that resulting from a consolidation or merger, such distribution or payment shall be made ratably on a per share basis among the holders of the Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock as a single class, provided, however, that shares of one such class may receive different or disproportionate distributions or payments in connection with such merger, consolidation or other transaction if (i) the only difference in the per share distribution to the holders of the Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock is that any securities distributed to the holder of a share Class B Common Stock have ten times the voting power of any securities distributed to the holder of a share of Class A Common Stock, or (ii) such merger, consolidation or other transaction is approved by the affirmative vote (or written consent if action by written consent of stockholders is permitted at such time under our Certificate of Incorporation) of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, each voting separately as a class.


Conversion

 

The Notesoutstanding shares of Class B Common Stock are convertible at any time as follows: (a) at the option of the holder, a share of Class B Common Stock may be converted at any time into one share of Class A Common Stock or (b) upon the election of the holders of a majority of the then outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock, all outstanding shares of Class B Common Stock may be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock. Once converted into Class A Common Stock, the Class B Common Stock will not be reissued.

Holders

We have 37 holders of record of our Class A Common Stock and 1 holder of record of our Class B Common Stock. We believe we have in excess of 300 beneficial holders of our Class A Common Stock.

Certain Anti-Takeover Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws

Special Meeting of Stockholders

Our bylaws provide that special meetings of our stockholders may be called only by a majority vote of our board of directors, or by our chairman and chief executive officer or by our secretary at the request in writing of stockholders owning a majority of the voting power of our issued and outstanding capital stock.

Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals and Director Nominations

Our bylaws provide that stockholders seeking to bring business before our annual meeting of stockholders, or to nominate candidates for election as directors at our annual meeting of stockholders must provide timely notice of their intent in writing. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice will need to be delivered to our principal executive offices not later than the close of business on the 60th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the scheduled date of the annual meeting of stockholders. In the event that less than 70 days’ notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting of stockholders is given, a stockholder’s notice shall be timely if delivered to our principal executive offices not later than the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of our annual meeting of stockholders is first made or sent by us. Our bylaws also specify certain requirements as to the form and content of a stockholders’ meeting. These provisions may preclude our stockholders from bringing matters before our annual meeting of stockholders or from making nominations for directors at our annual meeting of stockholders.

Dual Voting Structure

Our certificate of incorporation provides for two classes of common stock. Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock have substantially identical rights, except that holders of shares of Class A Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of shares of Class B Common Stock are entitled to ten votes per share. Holders of shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock vote together as a single class on all matters (including the election of directors) submitted to a vote of stockholders, unless otherwise required by law. Accordingly, the holders of shares of Class B Common Stock will exert significant control over our actions.

Removal and Appointment of Directors

Our entire board of directors or any individual director may be removed from office with or without cause by a majority vote of the holders of the voting power of outstanding voting power of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors. In such case, new directors may be elected by the stockholders then holding a majority of our voting power. Immediately following this offering, our chairman and chief executive officer shall control the substantial majority of our voting power and therefore will be represented by global securities that will be deposited and registered inable to unilaterally exercise the name of DTC or its nominee. This means that, except in limited circumstances, you will not receive certificates for the Notes.foregoing rights.

 

Beneficial interestsClass B Approval Required for Charter Amendments

Any amendment to our certificate of incorporation requires the approval of the majority of the outstanding Class B Common Stock. This approval requirement is separate and in addition to any general stockholder approval that would be required under our certificate of incorporation and law.

Exclusive Forum Selection

Article Twelve of our certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the Notes will be represented through book-entry accountsselection of financial institutions actingan alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for any stockholder (including a beneficial owner) to bring (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of beneficial ownersthe Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or its stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law or our charter documents, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or if the Court of Chancery does not have jurisdiction, another state court located within the State of Delaware, or if no state court located within the State of Delaware has jurisdiction, the federal district court for the District of Delaware) in all cases subject to the court’s having personal jurisdiction over the indispensable parties named as directdefendants. While this provision is intended to include all actions, excluding any arising under the Securities Act of 1933, the Exchange Act of 1934 and indirect participantsany other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce this provision.


Limitation on Directors’ Liability and Indemnification

Our certificate of incorporation provides that no director of ours will be personally liable to us or any of our stockholders for monetary damages arising from the director’s breach of fiduciary duty as a director. However, this does not apply with respect to any action in DTC. Investorswhich the director would be liable under Section 174 of the DGCL nor does it apply with respect to any liability in which the director (i) breached his duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; (ii) did not act in good faith or, in failing to act, did not act in good faith; (iii) acted in a manner involving intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law or, in failing to act, shall have acted in a manner involving intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; or (iv) derived an improper personal benefit. This provision could have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and may electdiscourage or deter our stockholders or management from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their duty of care, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise have benefited us and our stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that all directors and officers shall be entitled to hold interestsbe indemnified by such company to the fullest extent permitted by law. The certificate of incorporation provides that we may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law all employees. Our bylaws provide that, if authorized by our board of directors, we may indemnify any other person whom it has the power to indemnify under section 145 of the DGCL. We have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws. We also maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or person controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the Notes through either DTC,opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Anti-Takeover Provisions

Provisions of the DGCL and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make it more difficult to acquire us by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise, or to remove incumbent officers and directors. These provisions, summarized below, are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and takeover bids that our board of directors may consider inadequate and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our ability to negotiate with the proponent of an unfriendly or unsolicited proposal to acquire or restructure us outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging takeover or acquisition proposals because, among other things, negotiation of these proposals could result in improved terms for our stockholders.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute.

We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, an anti-takeover statute. In general, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years following the time the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination or the acquisition of shares that resulted in a stockholder becoming an interested stockholder is approved in a prescribed manner. Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Generally, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status did own) 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. The existence of this provision would be expected to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions not approved in advance by the board of directors, including discouraging attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders.

Amendments to Our Certificate of Incorporation.

Under the DGCL, the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon and a majority of the outstanding stock of each class entitled to vote thereon is required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation. Under the DGCL, the holders of the outstanding shares of a class of our capital stock shall be entitled to vote as a class upon a proposed amendment, whether or not entitled to vote thereon by the certificate of incorporation, if they arethe amendment would:

·increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of such class;
·increase or decrease the par value of the shares of such class; or
·alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the shares of such class so as to affect them adversely.


If any proposed amendment would alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of one or more series of any class of our capital stock so as to affect them adversely, but shall not so affect the entire class, then only the shares of the series so affected by the amendment shall be considered a participant, or indirectly through organizations that are participants in DTC.separate class for the purposes of this provision.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The Notes willtransfer agent and registrar for our Class A Common Stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.


PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Each selling shareholder (the “selling shareholders”) of the Class A Common Stock and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their securities covered hereby on our principal trading market or any other stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the securities are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be issuedat fixed or negotiated prices. A selling shareholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling securities:

·ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;

·block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

·purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;

·an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;

·privately negotiated transactions;

·settlement of short sales;

·in transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the selling shareholders to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security;

·through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;

·a combination of any such methods of sale; or

·any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

The selling shareholders may also sell securities under Rule 144 or any other exemption from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as fully registeredamended (the “Securities Act”), if available, rather than under this prospectus.

Broker-dealers engaged by the selling shareholders may arrange for other brokers-dealers to participate in sales. Broker-dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling shareholders (or, if any broker-dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of securities, registeredfrom the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated, but, except as set forth in a supplement to this prospectus, in the namecase of Cede & Co. (DTC’s partnership nominee)an agency transaction not in excess of a customary brokerage commission in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121; and in the case of a principal transaction a markup or markdown in compliance with FINRA Rule 2121.

In connection with the sale of the securities or interests therein, the selling shareholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the securities in the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling shareholders may also sell securities short and deliver these securities to close out their short positions, or loan or pledge the securities to broker-dealers that in turn may sell these securities. The selling shareholders may also enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions or create one or more derivative securities which require the delivery to such broker-dealer or other name asfinancial institution of securities offered by this prospectus, which securities such broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell pursuant to this prospectus (as supplemented or amended to reflect such transaction).

The selling shareholders and any broker-dealers or agents that are involved in selling the securities may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. One fully-registered certificate will be issued for each issuance of the Notes, in the aggregate principal amount of such issue, and will be deposited with DTC. Interests in the Notes will trade in DTC’s Same Day Funds Settlement System, and any permitted secondary market trading activity in such Notes will, therefore, be required by DTCdeemed to be settled in immediately available funds. We will not have and neither the Trustee nor the Paying Agent will have any responsibility for the performance by DTC or its participants or indirect participants of their respective obligations under the rules and procedures governing their operations.

DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a “banking organization”“underwriters” within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a memberSecurities Act in connection with such sales. In such event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the Federal Reserve System, a “clearing corporation” withinsecurities purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the meaningSecurities Act. Each selling shareholder has informed the Company that it does not have any written or oral agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute the securities.

The Company is required to pay certain fees and expenses incurred by the Company incident to the registration of the New York Uniform Commercial Code,securities. The Company has agreed to indemnify the selling shareholders against certain losses, claims, damages and a “clearing agency” registeredliabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

We agreed to keep this prospectus effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which the securities may be resold by the selling shareholders without registration and without regard to any volume or manner-of-sale limitations by reason of Rule 144, without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information under Rule 144 under the Securities Act or any other valid securities law exemption or (ii) all of the securities have been sold pursuant to this prospectus or Rule 144 under the provisionsSecurities Act or any other rule of Section 17Asimilar effect. Unless the resale securities are sold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act or another federal securities law exemption, the resale securities will be sold only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in certain states, the resale securities covered hereby may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.


Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale securities may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. In addition, the selling shareholders will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act. DTC holdsAct and provides asset servicing for over 1.3 million issuesthe rules and regulations thereunder, including Regulation M, which may limit the timing of U.S.purchases and non-U.S. equity, corporatesales of the Class A Common Stock by the selling shareholders or any other person. We will make copies of this prospectus available to the selling shareholders and municipal debt issues, and money market instruments from over 131 countries and territories that DTC’s participants (“Direct Participants”) deposit with DTC. DTC also facilitates the post-trade settlement among Direct Participantshave informed them of sales and other securities transactions in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry transfers and pledges between Direct Participants’ accounts. This eliminates the need for physical movementto deliver a copy of securities certificates. Direct Participants include both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations, and certain other organizations. DTC is a wholly owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”).


DTCC is the holding company for DTC, National Securities Clearing Corporation and Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, all of which are registered clearing agencies. DTCC is owned by the users of its regulated subsidiaries. Accessthis prospectus to each purchaser at or prior to the DTC system is also available to others such as both U.S. and non-U.S. securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations that clear through or maintain a custodial relationshiptime of the sale (including by compliance with a Direct Participant, either directly or indirectly (“Indirect Participants”). The DTC Rules applicable to its participants are on file withRule 172 under the SEC. More information about DTC can be found at www.dtcc.com and www.dtc.orgSecurities Act).

 

Purchases of the Notes under the DTC system must be made by or through Direct Participants, which will receive a credit for the Notes on DTC’s records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of each security, or the “Beneficial Owner,” is in turn to be recorded on the Direct and Indirect Participants’ records. Beneficial Owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchase. Beneficial Owners are, however, expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transaction, as well as periodic statements of their holdings, from the Direct or Indirect Participant through which the Beneficial Owner entered into the transaction. Transfers of ownership interests in the Notes are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of Direct and Indirect Participants acting on behalf of Beneficial Owners. Beneficial Owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in the Notes, except in the event that use of the book-entry system for the Notes is discontinued.SELLING SHAREHOLDERS

 

To facilitate subsequent transfers, all Notes depositedThe Class A Common Stock being offered by Direct Participants with DTCthe selling shareholders are registeredthose shares previously issued to the selling shareholders. For additional information regarding the issuances of these securities, see “Prospectus Summary- Recent Developments” and “Capitalization,” above. We are registering the securities hereunder in order to permit the name of DTC’s partnership nominee, Cede & Co. or such other name as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. The deposit ofselling shareholders to offer the Notes with DTC and their registration in the name of Cede & Co. or such other DTC nominee do not affect any change in beneficial ownership. DTC has no knowledge of the actual Beneficial Owners of the Notes; DTC’s records reflect only the identity of the Direct Participants to whose accounts the Notes are credited, which may or may not be the Beneficial Owners. The Direct and Indirect Participants will remain responsibleshares for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.

Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to Direct Participants, by Direct Participants to Indirect Participants, and by Direct Participants and Indirect Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effectresale from time to time.

 

Redemption notices shall be sent to DTC. If less than all of the Notes within an issue are being redeemed, DTC’s practice is to determine by lot the amount of the interest of each Direct Participant in such issue to be redeemed.

The following table sets forth:

 

Redemption proceeds, distributions, and interest payments on the Notes will be made to Cede & Co., or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC. DTC’s practice is to credit Direct Participants’ accounts upon DTC’s receipt of funds and corresponding detail information from us or the Trustee on the payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTC’s records. Payments by Participants to Beneficial Owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such Participant and not of DTC nor its nominee, the Trustee, or us, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of redemption proceeds, distributions, and interest payments to Cede & Co. (or such other nominee as may be requested by an authorized representative of DTC) is the responsibility of us or the Trustee, but disbursement of such payments to Direct Participants will be the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the Beneficial Owners will be the responsibility of Direct and Indirect Participants.

·the name of each selling shareholder, and the nature of any position, office, or other material relationship between the selling shareholder and the Company;
·the number of shares of Class A Common Stock beneficially owned by each selling shareholder prior to the sale of the Class A Common Stock covered by this prospectus and the percentage of the class beneficially owned;
·the number of shares of Class A Common Stock that may be offered for resale by each selling shareholder pursuant to this prospectus; and
·the number of shares of Class A Common Stock to be beneficially owned by each selling shareholder assuming all of the shares of Class A Common Stock registered hereunder are sold and the percentage of the class beneficially owned.

 

DTCThe selling shareholders may discontinue providing its services as securities depositorysell all, some or none of their shares in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution.” All information with respect to the Notes at any timeownership of our Class A Common Stock by giving reasonable notice to usthe selling shareholders has been furnished by or on behalf of the selling shareholders and, unless otherwise indicated, is furnished as of January 25, 2021. Based on information supplied by the selling shareholders, we believe that, except as may otherwise be indicated in the footnotes to the Trustee. Under such circumstances, intable below, the event that a successor securities depository is not obtained, certificates are required to be printedselling shareholders have sole voting and delivered. We may decide to discontinue use of the system of book-entry-only transfers through DTC (or a successor securities depository). In that event, certificates will be printed and delivered to DTC.

The information in this section concerning DTC and DTC’s book-entry system has been obtained from sources that we believe to be reliable, but we take no responsibility for the accuracy thereof.


CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following discussion is a general summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations (and, in the case of a non-U.S. holder (as defined below), certain U.S. federal estate tax consequences) applicable to an investment in the Notes. This summary does not purport to be a complete description of the income and estate tax considerations applicable to such an investment. The discussion is based upon the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), Treasury Regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations, each as of the date of this prospectus and all of which are subject to change, potentially with retroactive effect. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to tax considerations that pertain to your purchase, ownership and disposition of the Notes.

This discussion deals only with Notes held as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, property held for investment) and does not purport to deal with persons in special tax situations, such as financial institutions, insurance companies, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and regulated investment companies (and shareholders of such corporations), dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities, former citizens of the United States, persons holding the Notes as a hedge against currency risks or as a position in a “straddle,” “hedge,” “constructive sale transaction” or “conversion transaction” for tax purposes, entities that are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes, retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, tax-deferred accounts, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax, pass-through entities (including partnerships and entities and arrangements classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) and beneficial owners of pass-through entities, or persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. It does not deal with beneficial owners of the Notes other than original purchasers of the Notes who acquire the Notes in this offering for a price equal to their original issue price (i.e., the first price at which a substantial amount of the notes is sold other than to bond houses, brokers, or similar persons or organizations acting in the capacity of underwriters, placement agents or wholesalers). It also does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences to beneficial owners of the Notes subject to the special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the Code. In addition, this summary only addresses U.S. federal income tax consequences (and, in the case of a non-U.S. holder certain U.S. federal estate tax consequences), and, except as otherwise noted below, does not address any U.S. state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences. If you are considering purchasing the Notes, you should consult your own tax advisor concerning the application of the U.S. federal tax laws to you in light of your particular situation, as well as any consequences to you of purchasing, owning and disposing of the Notes under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.

For purposes of this discussion, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of a Note that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) an individual citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes), created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any State thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) a trust (a) subject to the control of one or more U.S. persons and the primary supervision of a court in the United States, or (b) that existed on August 20, 1996 and has made a valid election (under applicable Treasury Regulations) to be treated as a domestic trust, or (iv) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source. The term “non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of a Note that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes). An individual may, subject to exceptions, be deemed to be a resident alien, as opposed to a non-resident alien, by, among other ways, being present in the United States (i) on at least 31 days in the calendar year, and (ii) for an aggregate of at least 183 days during a three-year period ending in the current calendar year, counting for such purposes all of the days present in the current year, one-third of the days present in the immediately preceding year, and one-sixth of the days present in the second preceding year. Resident aliens are subject to U.S. federal income tax as if they were U.S. citizens.

If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds any Notes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner of the partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Partners of partnerships holding Notes should consult their own tax advisors.

Taxation of Note Holders

Under present law, the Notes will constitute our indebtedness for U.S. federal income tax purposes and this discussion assumes that to be the case. Accordingly, we intend to treat all payments madedispositive power with respect to the Notes consistent with this characterization.Class A Common Stock reported as beneficially owned by them.

 

TaxationBecause the selling shareholders may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of U.S. Holders. Paymentsall, some or accrualsnone of interest on a Note generallythe Class A Common Stock covered by this prospectus, we cannot determine the number of such Class A Common Stock that will be taxable to a U.S. holder as ordinary interest income atsold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by the time they are received (actuallyselling shareholders, or constructively) or accrued, in accordance with the U.S. holder’s regular method of tax accounting.


Upon the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a Note, a U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realizedor percentage of Class A Common Stock that will be held by the selling shareholders upon termination of any particular offering or sale, if any. The selling shareholders make no representations, however, that they will sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any Class A Common Stock in any particular offering or sale. In addition, the selling shareholders may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of, or may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, at any time and from time to time, the Class A Common Stock they hold in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act after the date on which they provided the information set forth on the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition (excluding amounts representing accrued and unpaid interest, which are treated as ordinary income to the extent not previously included in income) and the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Note. A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in a Note generally will equal the U.S. holder’s initial investment in the Note. Capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the Note was held for more than one year. Long-term capital gains recognized by certain non-corporate U.S. holders (including individuals) generally are eligible for reduced rates of taxation. The distinction between capital gain or loss and ordinary income or loss is also important in other contexts, for example,table below. Solely for purposes of the limitations on a U.S. holder’s ability to offset capital losses against ordinary income.

Unearned Income Medicare Contribution. A tax of 3.8% will be imposed on certain “net investment income” (or “undistributed net investment income,” in the case of estates and trusts) received by taxpayers other than corporations with adjusted gross income above certain threshold amounts. “Net investment income” as defined for U.S. federal Medicare contribution purposes generally includes interest payments and gain recognized from the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of the Notes. Tax-exempt trusts, which are not subject to income taxes generally, and foreign individuals will not be subject to this tax. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this tax on their ownership and disposition of the Notes.

Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders. A non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding taxes on payments of principal or interest on a Note provided that (i) income on the Note is not effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. holder of a trade or business within the United States, (ii) the non-U.S. holder is not a controlled foreign corporation relatedrequirements applicable to the Company through stock ownership, (iii) the non-U.S. holder is notregistration statement of which this prospectus forms a bank receiving interest described in Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iv) the non-U.S. holder does not own (directly or indirectly, actually or constructively) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our capital stock of the Company, and (v) the non-U.S. holder has provided a statement prior to the payment of interest in the year in which a payment occurs or in the preceding three years, on an Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) Form W-8BEN, Form W-8BEN-E, or other applicable form signed under penalties of perjury that includes its name and address and certifies that the non-U.S. holder is the beneficial owner and is not a U.S. person in compliance with applicable requirements, or satisfies documentary evidence requirements for establishing that it is a non-U.S. holder. These forms may be required to be periodically updated.

A non-U.S. holder that is not exempt from tax under these rules generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding on payments of interest on the Notes at a rate of 30% unless (i) the income is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, under certain income tax treaties, is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained in the United States by the non-U.S. holder), so long as the non-U.S. holder has provided, prior to payment of such interest, an IRS Form W-8ECI or substantially similar substitute form stating that the interest on the Notes is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the U.S. in which case the interest will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis as applicable to U.S. holders generally (unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise), or (ii) an applicable income tax treaty provides for a lower rate of, or exemption from, withholding tax.

In the case of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation and that receives income that is effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business, such income may also be subject to a branch profits tax (which is generally imposed on a non-U.S. corporation on the actual or deemed repatriation from the United States of earnings and profits attributable to a U.S. trade or business) at a 30% rate. The branch profits tax may not apply (or may apply at a reduced rate) if the non-U.S. holder is a qualified resident of a country with which the United States has an income tax treaty.

To claim the benefit of an income tax treaty or to claim exemption from withholding because income is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. holder must timely provide the appropriate properly executed IRS forms. The non-U.S. holder must inform the recipient of any changes on these forms within 30 days of such change. These forms may be required to be periodically updated. Also, a non-U.S. holder who is claiming the benefits of a treaty may be required to obtain a United States taxpayer identification number and to provide certain documentary evidence issued by foreign governmental authorities to prove residence in the foreign country.

Generally, a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding taxes on any amount that constitutes capital gain upon the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of a Note, provided that (i) the gain is not effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by the non-U.S. holder (or, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is not attributable to a permanent establishment maintained in the United States by the non-U.S. holder) and (ii) the non-U.S. holder is not an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition and meets certain other conditions (unless such holder is eligible for relief under an applicable income tax treaty). Certain other exceptions may be applicable, and a non-U.S. holder should consult its tax advisor in this regard.


A Note that is held by an individual who, at the time of death, is not a citizen or resident of the United States (as specially defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) generally will not be subject to the U.S. federal estate tax, unless, at the time of death, (i) such individual directly or indirectly, actually or constructively, owns ten percent (10%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock entitled to vote within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3) of the Code or (ii) such individual’s interest in the Notes is effectively connected with the individual’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. A U.S. holder (other than an “exempt recipient,” including a corporation and certain other persons who, when required, demonstrate their exempt status) may be subject to backup withholding on, and to information reporting requirements with respect to, payments of principal and interest on, and proceeds from the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of the Notes. In general, if a non-corporate U.S. holder subject to information reporting fails to furnish a correct taxpayer identification number or otherwise fails to comply with applicable backup withholding requirements, backup withholding at the applicable rate may apply.

The amount of interest we pay to a non-U.S. holder on the Notes will be reported to such non-U.S. holder and to the IRS annually on an IRS Form 1042-S even if the non-U.S. holder is exempt from the 30% withholding tax described above. Copies of the information returns reporting those payments and the amounts withheld, if any, may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country where the non-U.S. holder is resident under provisions of an applicable income tax treaty or agreement.

In addition, backup withholding tax and certain other information reporting requirements apply to payments of principal and interest on, and proceeds from the sale, exchange, redemption, retirement or other taxable disposition of the Notes, unless an exemption applies. Backup withholding and information reporting will not apply to payments we make to a non-U.S. holder if such non-U.S. holder has provided to the applicable withholding agent under penalties of perjury the required certification of their non-U.S. person status as discussed above (and the applicable withholding agent does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that they are a U.S. person) or if the non-U.S. holder is an exempt recipient.

If a non-U.S. holder sells or redeems a Note through a U.S. broker or the U.S. office of a foreign broker, the proceeds from such sale or redemption will be subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless such non-U.S. holder provides a withholding certificate or other appropriate documentary evidence establishing that such non-U.S. holder is not a U.S. person to the broker and such broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such non-U.S. holder is a U.S. person, or the non-U.S. holder is an exempt recipient eligible for an exemption from information reporting and backup withholding. If a non-U.S. holder sells or redeems a note through the foreign office of a broker who is a U.S. person or has certain enumerated connections with the United States, the proceeds from such sale or redemption will be subject to information reporting unless the non-U.S. holder provides to such broker a withholding certificate or other appropriate documentary evidence establishing that the non-U.S. holder is not a U.S. person and such broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that such evidence is false, or the non-U.S. holder is an exempt recipient eligible for an exemption from information reporting. In circumstances where information reporting by the foreign office of such a broker is required, backup withholding will be required only if the broker has actual knowledge that the non-U.S. holder is a U.S. person.

You should consult your tax advisor regarding the qualification for an exemption from backup withholding and information reporting and the procedures for obtaining such an exemption, if applicable. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a beneficial owner generally would be allowed as a refund or a credit against such beneficial owner’s U.S. federal income tax provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Issues Related to this Offering

Payment of Interest. If the issue price of a Note is less than its stated redemption price at maturity (generally, its principal amount) by more than a de minimis amount, a U.S. holder will be subject to special U.S. federal income tax rules with respect to this original issue discount (“OID”). OID will be considered de minimis if it is less than 0.25% of the stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the “weighted average maturity” of the Notes. The “weighted average maturity” of a Note is the sum ofpart, the following amounts, determined for each installment of principal paid: (i) the number of complete years from the issue date until such principal payment is made, multiplied by (ii) a fraction equal to the amount of such principal payment divided by the Note’s stated redemption price at maturity. U.S. holders of Notes with de minimis OID generally will include the amount of de minimis OID on the Notes in income, as capital gain, on a pro rata basis as principal payments are made on the Notes. It is expected, and this discussiontable assumes that the Notesselling shareholders will not be issued with more than a de minimis amount of OID for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, interest on a Note generally will be included in the income of a U.S. holder as interest income at the time it is accrued or is received in accordance with the U.S. holder’s regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will be ordinary income. We do not anticipate issuing Notes at an issue price less than the stated redemption price of the Notes at maturity.


Qualified Reopening. We intend to treat the Notes offered hereby as being issued in a “qualified reopening” of the July 2025 Notes. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, debt instruments issued in a qualified reopening are deemed to be part of the same issue as the original debt instruments. Under the treatment described in this paragraph, the Notes will have the same issue date, the same issue price and the same adjusted issue price as the July 2025 Notes, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Because the July 2025 Notes were not issued with “original issue discount” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Notes offered hereby also will not have original issue discount. The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Notes will be issued in a qualified reopening and will not have original issue discount.

Pre-issuance Accrued Interest. The aggregate purchase price of the Notes issued pursuant to the offering will include amounts attributable to interest that accrued prior to the original issue date the Notes, which is referred to herein as pre-issuance accrued interest. Pre-issuance accrued interest will be included in the accrued interest to be paid on the Notes on the first interest payment date after the issuance of the Notes offered hereby. We intend to take the position that a portion of the first interest payment following the issuance of any Notes pursuant to the offering equal to the excluded pre-issuance accrued interest for such Notes will be treated as a return of such pre-issuance accrued interest and not as an amount payable as interest on the Notes. If this position is respected, our payment of such pre-issuance accrued interest will not be treated as taxable interest income to U.S. holders of the Notes and the amount attributable to the pre-issuance accrued interest will reduce such U.S. holders adjusted tax basis in the Notes. Unless otherwise specified, references to interest throughout the remainder of this discussion do not include any pre-issuance accrued interest or the return thereof. Any pre-issuance accrued interest paid to a non-U.S. holder, however, may be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax if the requirements described above under Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders or Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act are not met. Prospective purchasers of the Notes are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the tax treatment of pre-issuance accrued interest.

Sale, Exchange, or Retirement of Notes. Upon the sale, exchange, retirement, or other disposition of a Note, a U.S. holder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition and the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Note. The amount realized by the U.S. holder will include the amount of any cash and the fair market value of any other property received for the Note, but will exclude amounts attributable to accrued but unpaid interest which will be treated as described above under “Payment of Interest.” A U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in a Note will generally be the cost of the Note to such U.S. holder.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act

Legislation commonly referred to as the “Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act,” or “FATCA,” generally imposes a 30% withholding tax on payments of certain types of income to foreign financial institutions (“FFIs”) unless such FFIs either (i) enter into an agreement with the U.S. Treasury to report certain required information with respect to accounts held by U.S. persons (or held by foreign entities that have U.S. persons as substantial owners) or (ii) reside in a jurisdiction that has entered into an intergovernmental agreement (“IGA”) with the United States to collect and share such information and are in compliance with the terms of such IGA and any enabling legislation or regulations. Under proposed regulations promulgated by the Treasury Department on December 13, 2018, which state that taxpayers may rely on the proposed regulations until final regulations are issued, this withholding tax will not apply to the gross proceeds from any sale or disposition of the Notes. The information required to be reported includes the identity and taxpayer identification number of each account holder that is a U.S. person and transaction activity within the holder’s account. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, this legislation also imposes a 30% withholding on payments to foreign entities that are not FFIs unless the foreign entity certifies that it does not have a greater than 10% U.S. owner or provides the withholding agent with identifying information on each greater than 10% U.S. owner. Depending on the status of a non-U.S. holder and the status of the intermediaries through which they hold the Notes, non-U.S. holders could be subject to this 30% withholding tax with respect to interest paid on the Notes and proceeds from the sale of the Notes. Under certain circumstances, a non-U.S. holder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes.

You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to the particular tax consequences to you of an investment in the Notes, including the possible effect of any pending legislation or proposed regulations.


UNDERWRITING

Ladenburg Thalmann is acting as representative of the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions stated in the underwriting agreement dated December ____, 2020, each underwriter named below has agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to that underwriter, the aggregate principal amount of Notes set forth opposite the underwriter’s name.

Underwriter Principal Amount of Notes 
Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. $8,000,000 

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the Notes included in this offering are subject to approval of legal matters by counsel and to other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to purchase all the Notes (other than those covered by the overallotment option described below) if they purchase any of the Notes.

The underwriters propose to offer some of the Notes directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and some of the Notes to dealers at the public offering price less a concession not to exceed $_____, or _____% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes. The underwriting discount of $______ per Note is equal to _____% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes. If all of the Notes are not sold at the offering price, the representative may change the public offering price and other selling terms. Investors must pay for any Notes purchased on or before ______, 2020. The representative has advised us that the underwriters do not intend to confirm any sales to any accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

The underwriters hold an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional $1.2 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes at the public offering price less the underwriting discount. The underwriters may exercise the option solely for the purpose of covering overallotments, if any, in connection with this offering. To the extent such option is exercised, each underwriter must purchase a number of additional Notes approximately proportionate to that underwriter’s initial purchase commitment.

We have agreed that, for a period of 60 days from the date of this prospectus, we will not, without the prior written consent of Ladenburg, on behalf of the underwriters, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of or agree to sell or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly or hedge any debt securities issued or guaranteed by us or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for debt securities issued or guaranteed by us or file any registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any of the foregoing. Ladenburg in its sole discretion may release any of the securities subject to these lock-up agreements at any time without notice. For purposes of clarity, nothing shall prevent the company from incurring bank indebtedness or trade liabilities in the ordinary course. In addition, our SeriesClass A PreferredCommon Stock or future series of substantively similar preferred stock would not be deemed debt securities for purposes of this restriction.

The 60-day period in the preceding paragraph will be extended if  (i) during the last 17 days of the 60-day period we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to us occurs or (ii) prior to the expiration of the 60-day period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 60-day period, in which case the restrictions described in the preceding sentence will continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the announcement of the material news or the occurrence of the material event.

The July 2025 Notes are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market and have been trading under the symbol “CSSEN” since July 21, 2020 and we intend to list the Notes under the same trading symbol. The Notes are expected to trade “flat.” This means that purchasers will not pay, and sellers will not receive, any accrued and unpaid interest on the Notes that is not included in the trading price.

The following table shows the public offering price, the underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriters and the proceeds, before expenses, to us in connection with this offering. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional Notes.

  Per
Note
  Without
Option
  With
Option
 
Public offering price $  $8,000,000  $9,200,000 
Underwriting discount (sales load) paid by us(1) $  $400,000  $460,000 
Estimated Proceeds to us, before expenses $  $7,600,000  $8,740,000 


(1)The expenses associated with the offering, including the underwriting discount, are paid by us and are ultimately borne by our shareholders.

We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurredowned beneficially by them for travel, fees and disbursements of counsel and other consultants in connection with this offering and FINRA filings, up to a maximum of $__________.

We estimate expenses payable by us in connection with this offering, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions referred to above, will be approximately $115,504.

We and our investment adviser have each agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make because of any of those liabilities.

Certain underwriters may make a market in the Notes. No underwriter is, however, obligated to conduct market-making activities and any such activities may be discontinued at any time without notice, at the sole discretion of the underwriter. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of, or the trading market for, the Notes as a result of any market-making activities undertaken by any underwriter. This prospectus is to be used by any underwriter in connection with the offering and, during the period in which a prospectus must be delivered, with offers and sales of the Notes in market-making transactions in the over-the-counter market at negotiated prices related to prevailing market prices at the time of the sale.

In connection with the offering, Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., on behalf of the underwriters, may purchase and sell Notes, including the July 2025 Notes, in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, syndicate covering transactions and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve syndicate sales of Notes and/or July 2025 Notes in excess of the number of Notes to be purchased by the underwriters in the offering, which creates a syndicate short position. “Covered” short salesthat are sales of notes made in an amount up to the number of Notes represented by the underwriters’ overallotment option. In determining the source of notes to close out the covered syndicate short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of Notes available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase Notes through the overallotment option. Transactions to close out the covered syndicate short position involve either purchases of notes in the open market after the distribution has been completed or the exercise of the overallotment option. The underwriters may also make “naked” short sales of Notes and/or July 2025 Notes in excess of the overallotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing notes in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of notes in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of bids for or purchases of notes in the open market while the offering is in progress.

The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. repurchases Notes originally sold by that syndicate member in order to cover syndicate short positions or make stabilizing purchases.

Any of these activities may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of notes, including the July 2025 Notes and Notes sold in the offering. They may also cause the price of notes to be higher than the price that would otherwise exist in the open market in the absence of these transactions. The underwriters may conduct these transactions on the Nasdaq Global Market or in the over-the-counter market, or otherwise. The July 2025 Notes are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market and have been trading under the symbol “CSSEN” since July 21, 2020. If the underwriters commence any of these transactions, they may discontinue them at any time.

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by one or more of the underwriters. The representative may agree to allocate a number of Notes to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. The representative will allocate Notes to underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations. In addition, Notes may be sold by the underwriters to securities dealers who resell Notes to online brokerage account holders.

Certain underwriters may, from time to time, engage in transactions with or perform services for us, our investment adviser and our affiliates in the ordinary course of business.

The principal business address of Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. is 277 Park Avenue, 26th floor, New York, New York 10172.


Settlement

We expect that delivery of the Notes will be made against payment therefor on or about [__], 2020, which will be the fifth business day following the date of the pricing of the Notes. Under Rule 15c6-1 under the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in two business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise.

Other Jurisdictions

The Notes offered by this prospectus, maybut will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus orsell any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offershares of Class A Common Stock that they presently own.

Name of Selling Shareholder Beneficial Ownership Prior to Offering  Shares
Offered
Hereby
  Beneficial Ownership After
Offering
 
  Shares  Percent (1)     Shares  Percent (1) 
Highmark Long/Short 4 Ltd. (2) 272,696   4.46%  272,696   0   0%
Islet Master Fund (2) 181,849   2.98%  181,849   0   0%
Polar Long/Short Master Fund (3) 329,111   5.39%  329,111   0   0%
Polar Multi-Strategy Fund (3) 239,071   3.91%  239,071   0   0%

(1) The percentages of ownership before and sale of any such Notes be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restriction relating toafter the offering andare calculated based on 6,108,052 shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding as of January 22, 2021. The percentages of ownership after the distributionoffering assume the sale by each selling shareholder of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy the Notes offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

Potential Conflicts of Interest

The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. Certainall of the underwritersshares offered for resale hereby.

(2) Islet Management LP is the investment advisor for Highmark Long/Short 4 Ltd. and their respective affiliates have, from time to time, performed,Islet Master Fund LP and may inbe deemed to have beneficial ownership over the future perform, various financial advisoryshares held thereby.

(3) Polar Asset Management Partners Inc. is the investment advisor for Polar Long/Short Master Fund and investment banking services for us, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses, including acting as underwriters for our securities offerings. In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers and such investment and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of our company. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instrumentsPolar Multi-Strategy Fund and may at any time hold, or recommendbe deemed to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

Ladenburg Thalmann and National Securities Corporation acted as joint book-running managers ofhave beneficial ownership over the underwriters offering an aggregate of $22,100,000 principal amount of the July 2025 Notes, for which the underwriters received $1,050,000 in underwriting commissions. Ladenburg Thalmann also acted as the sole book-running manager of the underwritten offering of an aggregate offering amount of $16,162,425 of our Series A Preferred Stock (including the partial exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option), which was completed on June 29, 2018. Ladenburg Thalmann received an aggregate of $1 million in connection with such offering, consisting of underwriting discounts and commissions and reimbursement of legal costs and expenses. In addition, Ladenburg Thalmann acted as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the creation of Crackle Plus and was paid an aggregate transaction fee of $1,830,954.shares held thereby.


 

LEGAL MATTERS

 

The legality of the NotesClass A Common Stock will be passed on for us by our counsel, Graubard Miller, New York, New York. Graubard Miller and certain of its partners and family members own shares of the Class A Common Stock and Class W Warrants to purchase shares of Class A Common Stock of CSSE and certain Class B membership interests in Chicken Soup for the Soul Holdings, LLC, our ultimate parent company. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Blank Rome LLP, New York, New York. Graubard Miller has provided legal services to Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. from time to time.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, are incorporated by referenceappearing herein to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, in reliance upon the report of Rosenfield and Company, PLLC, independent registered public accounting firm, which is also incorporated by referenceincluded herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

The audited historical financial statements of Crackle U.S. (a business of Sony Pictures Entertainment) includedappearing in Exhibit 99.1 to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A dated July 30, 2019 have been so incorporatedincluded in this registration statement in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

 


WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION; INCORPORATION BY REFERENCEINFORMATION

 

The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. This prospectus incorporates by reference, the documents listed below, all filings we make under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the initial filing date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and prior to effectiveness of such registration statement, and all filings we make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after effectiveness of suchthis registration statement and prior to the sale of all of the shares offered hereby, including all documents filed as exhibits to any of the foregoing:

 

·our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 30, 2020;
·our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, filed with the SEC on November 12, 2020;
·our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, filed with the SEC on August 13, 2020;
·our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on May 14. 2020;
·our current reports on Form 8-K or 8-K/A, as applicable, filed with the SEC on each of May 15, 2019July 30, 2019February 14, 2020March 20, 2020April 1, 2020April 17, 2020May 15, 2020June 9, 2020June 12, 2020June 22, 2020July 16, 2020July 20, 2020July 22, 2020July 24, 2020August 5, 2020August 17, 2020September 2, 2020September 17, 2020October 19, 2020November 16, 2020, November 20, 2020, November 24, 2020;
·our proxy statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 29, 2020;
·our registration statement on Form 8-A effective on July 17, 2020, registering our 9.50% Notes due 2025 under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act; and
·our registration statement on Form 8-A effective on June 21, 2017, registering our Class A common stock under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

Any statement contained in a document filed before the date of this prospectus and incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. Any information that we file after the date of this prospectus with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information contained in this prospectus. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we are not incorporating any document or portion thereof or information deemed to have been furnished and not filed in accordance with SEC rule.

 

In addition to accessing the above information through the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov, you may obtain a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in this prospectus, without charge, upon written or oral request directed to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc. 132 E. Putnam Ave., Floor 2W, Cos Cob, Connecticut 06807, telephone number (855) 398-0443.


Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page
Number
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting FirmF-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets – December 31, 2019 and 2018 F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements F-8 to F-35 

Page
Number
Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019F-36
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019F-37
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019F-38
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019F-40
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial StatementsF-401
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2018F-79
Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019F-88

 


ROSENFIELD AND CO, PLLC

(888) 556-1154 I INFO@ROSENFIELDANDCO.COM

ROSENFIELDANDCO.COM

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Rosenfield and Company, PLLC

We have served as Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.’s auditor since 2017.

New York, New York

March 27, 2020

 

RSM US Alliance provides its members with access to resources of RSM US LLP. RSM US Alliance member firms are separate and independent businesses and legal entities that are responsible for their own acts and omissions, and each are separate and independent from RSM US LLP. RSM US LLP is the U.S. member firm of RSM International, a global network of independent audit, tax, and consulting firms. Members of RSM US Alliance have access to RSM International resources through RSM US LLP but are not member firms of RSM International. Visit rsmus.com/aboutus for more information regarding RSM US LLP and RSM International. The RSM™ brandmark is used under license by RSM US LLP. RSM US Alliance products and services are proprietary to RSM US LLP.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

  December 31,  December 31, 
  2019  2018 
ASSETS        
Cash and cash equivalents $6,447,402  $6,451,758 
Restricted cash     750,000 
Accounts receivable, net  34,661,119   12,841,099 
Prepaid expenses  861,190   218,736 
Inventory, net  312,033   262,068 
Goodwill  21,448,106   2,537,079 
Indefinite lived intangible assets  12,163,943   12,163,943 
Intangible assets, net  35,451,951   2,971,637 
Film library, net  33,250,149   25,338,502 
Due from affiliated companies  7,642,432   1,213,436 
Programming costs, net  14,459,271   12,790,489 
Program rights, net  654,303    
Deferred tax asset, net     452,000 
Other assets, net  313,585   356,221 
Total assets $167,665,484  $78,346,968 
         
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY        
Current maturities of commercial loan $3,200,000  $1,000,000 
Commercial loan and revolving line of credit, net of unamortized deferred finance cost of $189,525 and $334,554, respectively  11,810,475   6,582,113 
Notes payable under revolving credit facility  5,000,000    
Accounts payable and accrued expenses  26,646,390   5,078,805 
Ad representation fees payable  12,429,838    
Film library acquisition obligations  5,020,600   2,715,600 
Programming obligations  7,300,861    
Accrued participation costs  5,066,512   1,539,139 
Other liabilities  170,106   414,506 
Deferred revenue     6,469 
Total liabilities  76,644,782   17,336,632 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)        
         
Equity        
Stockholders' Equity:        
Series A cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock, $.0001 par value, liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,599,002 and 918,497 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, redemption value of $39,975,050 and $22,962,425, respectively  160   92 
Class A common stock, $.0001 par value, 70,000,000 shares authorized; 4,259,920 and 4,227,740 shares issued, 4,185,685 and 4,153,505 shares outstanding, respectively  425   421 
Class B common stock, $.0001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 7,813,938 and 7,817,238 shares issued and outstanding, respectively  782   782 
Additional paid-in capital  87,610,030   59,360,583 
Retained (deficit) earnings  (32,695,629)  2,281,187 
Class A common stock held in treasury, at cost (74,235 shares)  (632,729)  (632,729)
Total stockholders’ equity  54,283,039   61,010,336 
Subsidiary convertible preferred stock (Note 12)  36,350,000    
Noncontrolling interests (Note 12)  387,663    
Total Equity  91,020,702   61,010,336 
Total liabilities and equity $167,665,484  $78,346,968 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

  Year Ended December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Revenue:        
Online networks $40,027,289  $4,411,427 
Television and film distribution  15,967,507   13,188,560 
Television and short-form video production  610,356   10,152,020 
Total revenue  56,605,152   27,752,007 
Less: Television & film distribution returns and allowances  (1,241,246)  (892,488)
Net revenue  55,363,906   26,859,519 
Cost of revenue  40,423,550   12,345,590 
Gross profit  14,940,356   14,513,929 
Operating expenses:        
Selling, general and administrative  22,242,032   10,745,235 
Amortization  13,293,279   326,988 
Management and license fees  5,536,390   2,666,907 
Total operating expenses  41,071,701   13,739,130 
Operating (loss) income  (26,131,345)  774,799 
Interest income  (40,191)  (39,058)
Interest expense  811,017   388,036 
Loss on extinguishment of debt  350,691    
Acquisition-related costs  3,968,289   396,793 
(Loss) income before income taxes and preferred dividends  (31,221,151)  29,028 
Provision for income taxes  585,000   874,000 
Net loss before noncontrolling interests and preferred dividends  (31,806,151)  (844,972)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests  (134,282)   
Net loss attributable to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.  (31,671,869)  (844,972)
Less: Preferred dividends  3,304,947   1,112,910 
Net loss available to common stockholders $(34,976,816) $(1,957,882)
Net loss per common share:        
Basic and diluted $(2.92) $(0.16)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

                                     
    Common Stock           Subsidiary       
  Preferred Stock  Class A  Class B  Additional  Retained     convertible       
     Par     Par     Par  Paid-In  (Deficit)  Treasury  Preferred  Noncontrolling    
  Shares  Value  Shares  Value  Shares  Value  Capital  Earnings  Stock  Stock  Interests  Total 
Balance, December 31, 2017  -  $-   4,096,353  $409   7,863,938  $786  $36,584,575  $9,421,619  $-  $-  $-  $46,007,389 
Conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares          46,700   4   (46,700)  (4)                      - 
Shares issued to directors          10,452   1           96,614                   96,615 
Share based compensation - stock options                          857,073                   857,073 
Issuance of preferred stock  784,497   79                   19,612,346                   19,612,425 
Preferred Stock Issuance Costs                          (1,894,792)                  (1,894,792)
Dividends on preferred stock                              (6,295,460)              (6,295,460)
Preferred shares issued as part purchase consideration paid for Pivotshare acquisition  134,000   13                   3,434,407                   3,434,420 
Shares issued as part purchase consideration Class A shares paid for Pivotshare acquisition          74,235   7           731,949                   731,956 
Common Stock Issuance Costs                          (61,589)                  (61,589)
Purchase of treasury stock                                  (632,729)          (632,729)
Net loss                              (844,972)              (844,972)
Balance, December 31, 2018  918,497  $92   4,227,740  $421   7,817,238  $782  $59,360,583  $2,281,187  $(632,729) $  $  $61,010,336 
Share based compensation - stock options                          907,572                   907,572 
Share based compensation - common stock                          87,500                   87,500 
Issuance of preferred stock  680,505   68                   17,012,557                   17,012,625 
Preferred stock issuance costs                          (1,489,706)                  (1,489,706)
Stock options exercised          16,666   2           160,159                   160,161 
Shares issued to directors          6,956   1           25,000                   25,001 
Employee stock grant          5,258   1           41,854                   41,855 
Conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares          3,300      (3,300)                          
Dividends on preferred stock                              (3,304,947)              (3,304,947)
Crackle business combination                          11,504,511           36,350,000   521,945   48,376,456 
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                                          (134,282)  (134,282)
Net loss                              (31,671,869)              (31,671,869)
Balance, December 31, 2019  1,599,002  $160   4,259,920  $425   7,813,938  $782  $87,610,030  $(32,695,629) $(632,729) $36,350,000  $387,663  $91,020,702 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

  Year ended December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Cash flows from Operating Activities:        
Net loss $(31,806,151) $(844,972)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:        
Share-based compensation  1,061,926   953,688 
Amortization of programming costs and rights  710,689   2,752,446 
Amortization of deferred financing costs  82,400   57,161 
Amortization of fixed assets and acquired intangibles  13,293,279   326,986 
Amortization of film library  10,182,166   6,459,431 
Bad debt and video return expense  2,669,699   1,222,032 
Loss on debt extinguishment  350,691    
Deferred income taxes  452,000   373,000 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        
Trade accounts receivable  (24,489,719)  (5,989,864)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets  (657,778)  133,815 
Inventory  (49,965)  106,896 
Programming costs and rights  (2,151,669)  (8,267,551)
Film library  (18,093,813)  (9,142,288)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other payables  24,165,978   3,366,143 
Film library acquisition obligations  2,305,000   2,052,200 
Accrued participation costs  3,527,373   (1,081,278)
Other liabilities  (244,400)  269,974 
Deferred revenue  (6,469)  (508,531)
Net cash used in operating activities  (18,698,763)  (7,760,712)
Cash flows from Investing Activities:        
Payment for business acquisition, net of cash acquired     190,587 
Increase in due from affiliated companies  (6,428,996)  (4,340,458)
Net cash used in investing activities  (6,428,996)  (4,149,871)

(continued on next page)


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Cont’d

  Year ended December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Cash flows from Financing Activities:        
Proceeds from revolving credit facility from related party     200,000 
Repayments of revolving credit facility from related party     (1,700,000)
    Proceeds from commercial loan  8,665,000   8,500,000 
    Repayments of commercial loan  (1,466,667)  (583,334)
    Proceeds from revolving credit facility  5,000,000    
Payment of preferred stock issuance costs  (1,489,706)  (1,956,393)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under equity plans  160,161    
Payment of deferred financing costs  (203,063)  (391,714)
Proceeds from issuance of Series A preferred stock  17,012,625   19,612,438 
Common stock repurchases held in treasury     (632,729)
Dividends paid to common stockholders     (5,182,549)
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders  (3,304,947)  (926,363)
Net cash provided by financing activities  24,373,403   16,939,356 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents  (754,356)  5,028,773 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  7,201,758   2,172,985 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period $6,447,402  $7,201,758 
         
Supplemental data:        
Interest paid $605,561  $267,064 
Non-cash investing activities:        
Noncash investing activities (Crackle Plus business combination) $51,672,531  $ 
Affiliated balances settled as a part of the A Sharp acquisition consideration     8,711,109 
Fair value of Preferred shares issued as a part of business acquisition - Pivotshare     3,434,486 
Fair value of Common A shares issued as a part of business acquisition - Pivotshare     732,028 
         
Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per consolidated balance sheets to statements of cash flows        
Per consolidated balance sheets:        
Cash and cash equivalents $6,447,402  $6,451,758 
Restricted cash     750,000 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per statements of cash flows $6,447,402  $7,201,758 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 – Description of the Business

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc. (the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation formed on May 4, 2016. We operate video-on-demand networks and are a leading global independent television and film distribution company with one of the largest independently owned television and film libraries.

The Company operates and is managed by the Company CEO Mr. William J. Rouhana, Jr, as one reportable segment, the production and distribution of video content. The Company currently operates in the United States and internationally and derives its revenue primarily in the United States. The Company has a presence in over 56 countries and territories worldwide.

Financial Condition and Liquidity

As of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $32.7 million and for the year ended December 31, 2019, we had a net loss of $35.0 million.  We do not expect to continue to incur net losses at this level in the foreseeable future.  We have evaluated our current financial condition and have determined that the losses incurred in the current year are not indicative of our ongoing operations.  2019 has been a transformative year for our Company led by the launch of our new streaming video on demand service Crackle Plus which amalgamated each of our video on demand platforms.  This strategic shift in our business has made us one of the largest providers of free AVOD services in the United States and shifted our business focus.  With this shift and growth, we realized significant non-recurring acquisition and transitional related expenses to integrate our Crackle Plus Network in the 2019 operating year.  In addition, the Company realized a significant portion of expenses related to non-cash items including intangible amortization expenses related to our acquired business and stock compensation.  These expenses accounted for 64% of our total loss for the fiscal year.  The Company does not expect operating expenses will remain at this level in future periods.

We believe that cash flow from operations, cash on hand, and the monetization of trade accounts receivable, together with equity and debt offerings, if necessary, should be adequate to meet our operational cash and debt service requirements (i.e., principal and interest payments) for the foreseeable future. We monitor our cash flow liquidity, availability, capital base, operational spending and leverage ratios with the long-term goal of maintaining our credit worthiness.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly and majority owned subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (‘‘GAAP’’). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The Company’s significant estimates include those related to revenue recognition and estimated ultimate revenues, allowance for doubtful accounts, intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, valuation allowance for income taxes, and amortization of programming and film library costs.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and consist primarily of money market funds. Such investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.

Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measurements, a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is as follows:

Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.

Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions. These valuations require significant judgment and estimates.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued participation costs, film library acquisition costs and accrued programming costs, approximated their carrying value due primarily to the relative short-term nature of these instruments.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are stated at the amounts management expects to collect and are subsequently stated net of allowance for uncollectible accounts and video returns. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded based on a combination of historical experience, aging analysis and information on specific accounts. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collections have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. Accounts are considered past due or delinquent based on contractual terms and how recently payments have been received. Estimated losses resulting from uncollectible accounts are reported as bad debt expense in the consolidated statements of income. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, accounts receivable is presented net of allowance for doubtful accounts and video returns of $1,889,147 and $601,500, respectively. Bad debt expense of $1,428,453 and $329,544 was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Provision for returns and allowances of $1,241,246 and $892,488 was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Inventory

Inventory consists of DVD films held for resale to wholesale and retail customers. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. When the net realizable value falls below its cost, a provision for write-downs is recorded.

Programming Costs

Programming costs include the unamortized costs of completed, in-process, or in-development long-form and short-form video content produced by the Company. For video content, the Company’s capitalized costs include all direct production and financing costs, capitalized interest when applicable, and production overhead.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The costs of producing video content are amortized using the individual-film-forecast method. These costs are amortized in the proportion that current period’s revenue bears to management’s estimate of ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from each production.

For an episodic television series, the period over which ultimate revenue is estimated cannot exceed ten years following the date of delivery of the first episode, or, if still in production, five years from the date of delivery of the most recent episode, if later.

Programming costs are stated at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value. The valuation of programming costs is reviewed on a title-by-title basis, when an event or change in circumstances indicates that the fair value may be less than its unamortized cost and the valuation is based on a discounted cash flows (“DCF”) methodology with assumptions for cash flows. Key inputs employed in the DCF methodology include estimates of a program’s ultimate revenue and costs as well as a discount rate. The discount rate utilized in the DCF is based on the weighted average cost of capital of the Company plus a risk premium representing the risk associated with producing a program. The Company performs an annual impairment analysis for unamortized programming costs. An impairment charge is recorded in the amount by which the unamortized costs exceed the estimated fair value. Estimates of future revenue involve measurement uncertainties and it is therefore possible that reductions in the carrying value of programming costs may be required because of changes in management’s future revenue estimates.

Included in cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, is amortization of programming costs related to our original productions totaling $209,627 and $2,752,446, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no impairment charges recorded.

Film Library

The film library represents the cost of acquiring film distribution rights and related acquisition and accrued participation costs. The film library is amortized using the individual-film-forecast-computation method. The film library is stated at the lower of unamortized cost or fair value. Amortization is based upon management’s best estimate of total future, or ultimate revenue. Amortization is adjusted when necessary to reflect increases or decreases in forecasted ultimate revenues. The ultimate revenue time frame is determined based on the term of the acquisition agreement, which in most cases is ten years or more. The Company generally acquires distribution rights covering periods of ten or more years.

Film library costs are stated at the lower of amortized cost or estimated fair value. The valuation of film library costs is reviewed at the film acquisition year level (‘vintage’), when an event or change in circumstances indicates that the fair value may be less than its unamortized cost and the valuation is based on a discounted cash flows (“DCF”) methodology with assumptions for cash flows. Key inputs employed in the DCF methodology include estimates of a film vintage ultimate revenue and costs as well as a discount rate. The discount rate utilized in the DCF is based on the weighted average cost of capital of the Company plus a risk premium representing the risk associated with acquiring a film. The Company performs an annual impairment analysis for unamortized film library costs. An impairment charge is recorded in the amount by which the unamortized costs exceed the estimated fair value. Estimates of future revenue involve measurement uncertainties and it is therefore possible that reductions in the carrying value of film library costs may be required because of changes in management’s future revenue estimates.

Included in cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is amortization of film library costs totaling $10,182,166 and $6,459,431, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no impairment charge recorded.

Programming rights and obligations

Programming rights acquired under license agreements are recorded as an asset and a corresponding liability upon commencement of the license period. The programming rights are presented at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated net realizable value on a program by program basis and amortized over the license period using the straight-line method beginning with the first month of availability. Programming obligations represent the gross commitment amounts to be paid to program suppliers over the life of the contracts.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Included in the cost of revenues in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were program rights amortization totaling $501,061 and $0, respectively.

Acquisitions, Goodwill & Acquired Intangible Asset

We have made and expect to continue to make selective acquisitions. The valuation of potential acquisitions is based on various factors, including specialized know-how resulting in future synergies, reputation, competitive position and service offerings of the target businesses, as well as our experience and judgment.

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition accounting method, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Section 805 “Business Combinations,” which requires the determination of the fair value of the net assets acquired including tangible assets, identified intangible assets, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired business are recorded at their acquisition date fair values. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management's judgment and involves the use of significant estimates, including projections of future cash inflows and outflows, discount rates, asset lives and market multiples. The Company continually evaluates its estimates, including the assumptions, risks, and uncertainties inherent in estimates; however, the Company cannot ensure that these estimates will be accurate. If the Company subsequently determines that the estimates are not accurate, it will be required to record an impairment charge. Considering the characteristics of AVOD and film distribution companies, the Company’s acquisitions to date did not have significant amounts of tangible assets, as the principal assets typically acquired are brands and customer relationships. As a result, a substantial portion of the purchase price is allocated to other intangible assets including goodwill where appropriate.

Changes to the original estimates may be required during the life of an asset. The Company reviews goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization at least annually and whenever events or significant changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, and if so, an impairment charge is recorded. As of December 31, 2019 no indicators of impairment have been identified and thus no impairment charge has been recorded.

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets consist of the following,

Video Content License

The Company has been granted a perpetual, exclusive license from CSS to utilize the Brand and related content, for visual exploitation on a worldwide basis pursuant to the CSS License Agreement. In granting the license, CSS required an initial purchase price of $5,000,000, which approximated its costs to CSS, and was paid by the Company during 2016. The Company has recorded the initial purchase price of the license at the estimated cost to CSS.

Popcornflix Film Rights and Other Assets

Popcornflix film rights and other assets represents the direct-to-consumer online video service and application platform comprised of five ad-supported networks with rights to over 3,000 films and approximately 60 television series. Popcornflix is an indefinite-lived intangible and is not subject to amortization but annual impairment analysis.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Pivotshare

Acquired intangible assets of Pivotshare represent the fair value of its installed customer base, the non-compete obligation of the former chief executive officer and goodwill.

The installed customer base and the non-compete are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or fair value. Amortization is based upon management’s best estimate of useful lives, which is five years for the installed customer base and three years for the non-compete, which is the period it is in effect.

A Plus

The Company recorded goodwill from the acquisition of A Plus which resulted from the portion of the purchase price in excess of the net assets purchased as of the initial acquisition date.

Crackle

The Company recorded goodwill and intangible assets in connection with the formation of Crackle Plus. The customer user base, content rights, brand value and partner agreements are presented net of accumulated amortization and have useful lives between one and seven years.

We review goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization as of December 31st each year and whenever events or significant changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.   In performing our annual impairment review, we would first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is “more likely than not” that the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired. Qualitative factors to consider may include macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors that may have a negative effect on earnings, financial performance, and other relevant entity-specific events such as changes in management, key personnel, strategy or clients, as well as pending litigation. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances such as those described above, we determine that it is "more likely than not" that the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired, then we would be required to determine the fair value and perform the quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value with the carrying value. Otherwise, no additional testing is required.

For our 2019 and 2018 annual impairment tests, we performed a qualitative impairment assessment for our assets goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives. For the qualitative analysis we took into consideration all the relevant events and circumstances, including financial performance, macroeconomic conditions and entity-specific factors such as client wins and losses. Based on this assessment, we have concluded that for each of our assets subject to the qualitative assessment, it is not “more likely than not” that their fair value was less than their carrying value; therefore, no additional testing was required.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no impairment charge recorded to our goodwill and acquired intangible assets with indefinite lives.

Income Taxes

The Company records income taxes under the asset and liability method in accordance with FASB ASC Section 740. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.

Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income. A valuation allowance is established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be realized or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions in accordance with the authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 740: Income Taxes, which addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return, should be recorded in the financial statements. Pursuant to the authoritative guidance, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it meets the “more likely than not” threshold that the position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authority, based on the technical merits of the position or expiration of statutes. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. In addition, the authoritative guidance addresses de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods, and also requires increased disclosures.

The Company includes interest and penalties related to its uncertain tax positions as part of income tax expense within its consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not have any unrecognized tax benefits or liabilities.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future cash flows, undiscounted and without interest, is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.

Film Library Acquisition Obligations

Film library acquisition obligations represent amounts due in connection with the Company acquiring film distribution rights. Pursuant to the film distribution rights agreements, the Company’s right to distribute films may revert to the licensor if the Company is unable to satisfy its financial obligations with respect to the acquisition of the related distribution rights.

Ad Representation Fees Payable

Included in cost of revenue are fees earned by the Ad Rep Partners.

Accrued Participation Costs

The Company accrues for participation costs due to production companies and producers based on the respective agreements. Amounts due to production companies and producers are calculated based on gross revenue for each film after exceeding certain minimum targets. In addition, the Company must recoup its original investment in each film before such payments are due. Accrued participation costs are capitalized and amortized as part of the film library.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Related Party Transactions - Due from / to affiliated Companies

The Company follows subtopic 850-10 of the FASB ASC for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions. Pursuant to Section 850-10-20 the related parties include subsidiaries and affiliates of the Company.  The financial statements and accompanying notes include disclosures of material related party agreements and transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and other similar items in the ordinary course of business. 

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC Topic, 606: Revenue from contracts with customers.

Online Networks

Revenue from AVOD and online digital distribution platforms are recorded and invoiced when monthly activity is reported by advertisers or third-party agencies. The Company earns revenues on a cost per thousand, also called on a cost-per-mille basis (“CPM basis”) as ad impressions are run on the inventory sold to ad agencies and as ad impressions are run on the ad inventory made available to resellers. The Company considers ad agencies and resellers as customers in these transactions and therefore revenue is presented as gross receipts from the agencies and resellers. In addition, advertising representation revenues are fees that the Company earns for selling ad inventory on behalf of third-party over-the-top platforms. The Company earns revenues as placed advertisements are run on the available ad inventory of its Ad Rep Partners. Advertising representation revenues are presented as the gross receipts from advertisers and the amount remitted to the Ad Rep Partners are recorded as cost of sales.

Revenue earned on the distribution of third parties’ streaming content by Pivotshare is reported on a net basis as the Company’s performance obligation is to facilitate a transaction between third party content producers and customers, for which we earn a commission based on revenue share (see Note 5). Revenue from digital online media distribution is included in online networks in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The Company generally invoices customers in arrears on a monthly basis in accordance with the number of advertisements placed or impressions delivered during the month. The Company generally invoices customers when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and the Company has no remaining performance obligations, and as such, the only contract balances the Company recognizes are accounts receivable.

Television and film distribution

The Company licenses and distributes individual and multi-film packages to its customers. Revenue from multi-film sales is allocated on a per title basis and recognized upon initial availability for exploitation by customers. In addition, the Company distributes DVDs and similar media to its customers. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of DVD units or similar media units to its customers. Provision for future returns and other allowances are established based upon historical experience. For theatrical releases, revenue is recorded after the theatrical release date and when box office proceeds reports are received. Revenue from the distribution of multi-film packages and DVDs and similar media is included in television and film distribution in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Television and short-form video production

The Company recognizes revenue from the production and distribution of television programs and short-form video content in accordance with FASB ASC 606: Revenue from contracts with customers and ASC 926: Entertainment – Films as amended.  For episodic television programs, revenue is recognized as each episode becomes available for delivery or becomes available for broadcast, and for short-form online videos, revenue is recognized when the videos are posted to a website for viewing. Revenue from the distribution of short-form online media content is included in television and short-form video production revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash advances received by the Company are recorded as deferred revenue until all the conditions of revenue recognition have been met.

Share-Based Payments

The Company accounts for share-based payments in accordance with FASB ASC 718: Share-based compensation, which establishes the accounting for transactions in which an entity exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services. Under the provisions of the authoritative guidance, share-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures. Shares issued for services are based upon current selling prices of the Company’s Class A common stock or independent third-party valuations.

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based instruments using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. All share-based awards are fulfilled with new shares of Class A common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, share-based awards were issued to employees, non-employee directors and were recorded at fair value.

Advertising Costs

Generally, advertising costs are expensed as incurred except for the advertising costs associated with the Company’s theatrically released titles.  Total advertising costs related to theatrically released titles for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $2,474,099 and $1,281,278, respectively. These costs are capitalized as part of the film library acquisition costs and are amortized as such.

Acquisition-Related Costs

The Company accounts for acquisition related costs in accordance with FASB ASC 805 Business combinations and expenses these costs as incurred. Acquisition-related costs primarily consists of legal, accounting, investment advisory and other consulting fees related to a transaction.

Total acquisition-related costs expensed for the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $3,968,289 and $396,793, respectively.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period increased, when applicable, by dilutive common stock equivalents, comprised of Class W warrants, Class Z warrants, Class I warrants, Class II warrants, Class III-A warrants, Class III-B warrants and stock options outstanding. When the Company has a net loss, dilutive common stock equivalents are not included as they would be anti-dilutive.

In computing the effect of dilutive common stock equivalents, the Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the related incremental shares.

Client Concentration

For the year ended December 31, 2019, we did not have any customers, which accounted for 10% or more of our total net revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we had one customer, which accounted for 15% of our total net revenue.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had two customers that when combined accounted for 21% of gross accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had two customers that when combined accounted for 46% of gross accounts receivable.

Note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-02, “Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials.” The amendments in this ASU align the accounting for production costs of an episodic television series with the accounting for production costs of films. In addition, the ASU modifies certain aspects of the capitalization, impairment, presentation and disclosure requirements under the current film and broadcaster entertainment industry guidance. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods starting in fiscal year 2020, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance will be applied on a prospective basis. The Company does not expect the adoption of the amendments to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, “Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808) – Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606.” The amendments in this ASU clarify that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account and precludes recognizing as revenue consideration received from a collaborative arrangement participant if the participant is not a customer. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods starting in fiscal year 2020 for the Company, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance should be applied retrospectively to the date of initial application of the new revenue guidance in Topic 606 (January 1, 2018 for the Company). The Company does not expect the adoption of the amendments to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” The new guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments in this update. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods starting in fiscal year 2020 for the Company, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.  The Company does not expect the adoption of the amendments to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires an entity to assess impairment of its financial instruments based on its estimate of expected credit losses. Since the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB released several amendments to improve and clarify the implementation guidance. The provisions of ASU 2016-13 and the related amendments are effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2022. Entities are required to apply these changes through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company does not expect the adoption of the amendments to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 was effective for public companies’ fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach. Because the Company is an emerging growth company, adoption is not required until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of implementation on its disclosures and consolidated financial statements.

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2018, the FASB issued ("ASU") 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation Topic 718: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which is intended to reduce cost and complexity and to improve financial reporting for share-based payments issued to nonemployees. Under the new guidance, equity-classified nonemployee awards are to be measured on the grant date, rather than on the earlier of (1) the performance commitment date or (2) the date at which the nonemployee's performance is complete. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 for public entities and after December 15, 2019 for all other entities. Early adoption is permitted but not before an entity adopts ASC 606. The Company has adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2019 and the impact of implementation was not material.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014 09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) which amended the existing accounting standards for revenue recognition. ASU 2014 09 establishes principles for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. For public entities, this standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). For all other entities, this standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The amendments may be applied retrospectively to each prior period (full retrospective) or retrospectively with the cumulative effect recognized as of the date of initial application (modified retrospective). The Company has adopted ASU 2014 09 in the first quarter of 2019 and has applied the modified retrospective method. No adjustment was recorded to opening retained earnings given the lack of change to the Company’s accounting for revenue with contracts with customers.

Refer to “Note 5 Revenue Recognition” for details of the impact and required disclosures.

Note 4 – Business Combination

Crackle

The Company consummated the creation of its Crackle Plus subsidiary on May 14, 2019. In consideration for assets contributed to Crackle Plus by CPE Holdings, Inc. (“CPEH”), a Delaware corporation and affiliate of Sony Pictures Television Inc. (“Sony”), and Crackle, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of CPEH (“Crackle”), Crackle Plus issued to Crackle 37,000 units of preferred equity (“Preferred Units”) and 1,000 units of common equity (“Common Units”), which are now held by CPEH. In consideration for assets contributed to Crackle Plus by the Company, Crackle Plus issued to the Company 99,000 Common Units. From May 2020 to October 2020 (“Exercise Period”), CPEH will have the right to either convert its Preferred Units into Common Units of Crackle Plus or require us to purchase all, but not less than all, of its interest in Crackle Plus (“Put Option”). We may elect to pay the put option in cash or through the issuance of Series A Preferred Stock using a price per share of $25. Subject to certain limitations, in the event that CPEH hasn’t converted its Preferred Units into Common Units of Crackle Plus or exercised its Put Option, Crackle shall be deemed to have automatically exercised the Put Option on the last day of the Exercise Period.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As additional consideration to CPEH, the Company issued to CPEH warrants to purchase (a) Eight Hundred Thousand (800,000) shares of the Class A common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $8.13 per share (the “CSSE Class I Warrants”), (b) warrants to purchase One Million Two Hundred Thousand (1,200,000) shares of the Class A common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $9.67 per share, (the “CSSE Class II Warrants”); (c) warrants to purchase Three Hundred Eighty Thousand (380,000) shares of the Class A common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $11.61 per share, (the “CSSE Class III-A Warrants”); and (d) warrants to purchase One Million Six Hundred Twenty Thousand (1,620,000) shares of the Class A common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $11.61 per share, (the “CSSE Class III-B Warrants”). All the CSSE Warrants have a five-year term commencing on the closing and are exercisable at any time and from time to time during such term.

The Crackle Plus transaction was accounted for as a purchase of a business in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations and the aggregate purchase price consideration of $51,672,531 has been allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on management’s analysis and information received from an independent third-party appraisal. The results are as follows:

Purchase price consideration allocated to fair value of net assets acquired:      

Accounts receivable, net $5,360,667 
Prepaid expenses  892,200 
Programming Rights  1,155,363 
Goodwill  18,911,027 
Brand Value  18,807,004 
Customer User Base  21,194,641 
Content Rights  1,708,270 
Partner Agreements  4,005,714 
Assets acquired  72,034,886 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses  (13,061,494)
Programming Obligations  (7,300,861)
Liabilities assumed  (20,362,355)
Total purchase consideration $51,672,531 

In estimating the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, the fair value estimates are based on, but not limited to, expected future revenue and cash flows, expected growth rates, and estimated discount rates.

The amount related to other intangible assets represents the estimated fair values of the brand (trademark), customer user base, content rights, and partner agreements. These long-lived assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 16-84 months.

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and represents the future economic benefits expected to arise from the intangible assets acquired that do not qualify for separate recognition. The Company recorded $18.9 million of goodwill in connection with the Crackle Plus transaction.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The fair values of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed were based upon preliminary valuations performed for the preparation of the pro forma financial information and are subject to the final valuations. These estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period as additional information is obtained. A decrease in the fair value of the assets acquired or liabilities assumed in the Crackle Plus transaction from the preliminary valuations presented would result in dollar for dollar corresponding increase or decrease, as applicable, in the amount of goodwill resulting from the transaction. In addition, if the value of the other intangible assets is higher than the amount included in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, it may result in higher amortization expense than is presented herein. Any such increases could be material and could result in the Company’s actual future financial condition or results of operations differing materially from that presented herein. As permitted, the final determination of these estimated fair values will be completed as soon as possible but no later than one year from the acquisition date when the Company has completed the detailed valuations and calculations.

Purchase Price Consideration Allocation:

Fair Value of Crackle Preferred Units $36,350,000 
Fair Value of Warrants in CSSE  10,899,204 
Fair Value of Put Option  4,423,327 
Total Estimated Purchase Price $51,672,531 

The purchase price paid by the Company reflects the total consideration given in return for the ownership share available to CPEH in the entity. Consideration given has been calculated at the fair market value of the Crackle Plus Preferred Units; the four CSSE tranches of warrants and the Put Option. The Company valued the securities based on the terms of the Contribution Agreement and the use of the Black Scholes model valuation technique on each of the respective components as follows,

1. The Preferred Units have a stated value at the time of the acquisition of $36.35 million, as set forth in the Crackle Plus Operating Agreement;

2. The four (4) tranches of CSSE warrants were individually valued based on the Black Sholes valuation model using their respective terms and strike prices (ranging from a 5% to 50% premium over the initial market price of $7.74). Each tranche used a volatility of 58% and a 5-year risk free rate of 2.2%;

3. The Put Option was valued via the Black-Sholes valuation model assuming an initial price of $36.35 million, strike price of $40M, volatility of 17% and term of 1.5 years reflecting the latest time the Put Option could be exercised or triggered.

All consideration transferred has been determined to represent equity-classified contingent consideration and has been measured at fair value as of the acquisition date. Equity-classified contingent consideration is not remeasured following the acquisition date, and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. The equity classification has been determined based on the terms of the transaction.

The Company’s consolidated statement of operations include gross revenue of approximately $38.5 million, gross profit of $10.9 million and net loss of $12 million, from Crackle’s operations from the date of acquisition on May 15, 2019 through December 31, 2019.

On a combined proforma basis (unaudited), assuming the acquisition of Crackle occurred on January 1, 2018, proforma combined consolidated gross revenue, gross profit, and net (loss)/income for the years ending 2019 and 2018 would have resulted in approximately $79.3 million,  $24.0 million and $(26.5) million and $92.6 million, 44.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively.  Proforma results exclude the effects of non-recurring acquisition related expenses and any future integration costs or savings.  Unaudited proforma combined information is not necessarily indicative of results that would have been achieved had the Company controlled Crackle’s operations during the periods presented or the results that the Company will experience going forward.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

A Plus

Effective December 28, 2018, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the outstanding capital stock of A Sharp Inc. (d/b/a “A Plus”). A Plus is a digital media company that develops and distributes high-quality, empathetic short-form videos and articles to millions of people worldwide, with an emphasis on positive journalism and social change. A Plus was founded by and is chaired by renowned actor and investor, Ashton Kutcher.  Pursuant to the SPA, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of A Plus, an affiliate of ours, for an aggregate purchase price of $15 million, which was paid as follows: (a) an aggregate of 350,299 shares of Class A common stock, (b) an offset of $8.7 million to amounts due pursuant to the intercompany cash management system and (c) reduction of approximately $3.3 million of advances owed by A Plus to the Company.

Prior to the acquisition, A Plus was majority owned by an affiliate of our parent company, Chicken Soup for the Soul, LLC (“CSS”). In September 2016, we entered into a distribution agreement with A Plus (the “A Plus Distribution Agreement”), pursuant to which we received the exclusive worldwide rights to distribute all video content (in any and all formats) and all editorial content (including articles, photos and still images) created, produced, edited or delivered by A Plus. Under the terms of the Distribution Agreement, we received a net distribution fee equal to 40% of gross revenue generated by the distribution of the A Plus video content.

As a result of the acquisition, A Plus is now a wholly owned subsidiary of our Company, and the A Plus Distribution Agreement has been terminated, resulting in our retention of 100% of the revenues generated by A Plus and projected cost savings. The acquisition of A Plus is expected to have a material positive impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

The Purchase Price otherwise payable by the Company was reduced by approximately $3.3 million of advances owed by A Plus to the Company. The balance of the cash portion of the purchase price was used to reduce all open amounts under the intercompany cash management account. Any excess amount that may be due to CSS will be deferred and will be carried in the intercompany cash management system until amortized in accordance with prior practice.

The Company accounted for its acquisition of A Plus in accordance with ASC Subtopic 805-50, “Transactions between entities under common control”. All net assets have been transferred at their carrying amounts at the date of transfer and financial statements of the have been restated to reflect the transaction from the date of common ownership. The consolidated financial statements have been restated as though the transfer of net assets or exchange of equity interests had occurred at the beginning of the period. Thus, the consolidated results of operations for the period comprise those of the previously separate entities combined from the beginning of the earliest period presented. Financial statements and financial information presented for prior years have been retrospectively adjusted to furnish comparative information as required. All comparative information in prior years have been adjusted for periods during which the entities were under common control.

The effects of intra-entity transactions on current assets, current liabilities, revenue, and cost of sales for periods presented and on retained earnings at the beginning of the periods presented have been eliminated where applicable.

Pivotshare

Effective August 22, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of all the outstanding capital stock of Pivotshare for approximately $258,000 in cash, the issuance of 134,000 shares of Series A preferred stock valued at $3.4 million and the issuance of 74,235 shares of Class A common stock valued at $731,957. A portion of the Series A preferred stock and the Class A common stock included in the Purchase Price were held in escrow for noncompete and indemnification obligations of Pivotshare and its stockholders.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Pivotshare is the developer and owner of a global subscription-based video on-demand service (“SVOD”) offering channels online across a variety of categories including music, sports, religion, arts and culture, lifestyle and family. Content on most of those channels is owned and provided by third-party content publishers in accordance with terms of the Pivotshare Publishers Agreements.

The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase of a business in accordance with ASC 805 Business Combinations, and the aggregate purchase price consideration of $4.3 million has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on management’s analysis and information received from an independent third-party appraisal. The results are as follows:

Purchase price consideration allocated to fair value of net assets acquired:

Accounts receivable, net $5,239 
Other current assets  11,917 
Property and equipment, net  7,771 
Deferred tax asset  407,000 
Other assets  29,138 
Intangibles  2,820,410 
Goodwill  1,300,319 
Assets acquired  4,581,794 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses  (98,325)
other current liabilities  (472,693)
Liabilities assumed  (571,018)
Total purchase consideration, less cash acquired $4,010,776 
     
Purchase Price Consideration Allocation:    
Cash consideration $257,758 
Equity consideration - Class A common stock  731,957 
Equity consideration - Series A Preferred Stock  3,350,000 
Purchase price consideration  4,339,715 
Less: cash acquired  (328,939)
Total Estimated Purchase Price $4,010,776 

The fair value of Pivotshare’s installed customer base as well as its former chief executive officers non-compete agreement, were the most significant assets recorded from the acquisition of Pivotshare. In determining the fair value of the installed customer base, the independent third-party appraiser utilized a traditional Customer Life Value (CLV) model. This model took into account average revenue per customer, margins and customer churn rate. In determining the fair value of the former chief executive officers noncompete agreement, the appraiser calculated the value of the securities held in escrow to secure the non-compete.

Aggregate acquisition-related costs related to the Purchase, including legal fees, accounting fees and investment advisory fees were approximately $267,305 and were recognized as expenses in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 5 – Revenue Recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized as an unsatisfied performance obligation until the terms of a customer contract are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control as we satisfy contractual performance obligations at a point in time or over time. Our contractual performance obligations include licensing of content and delivery of online advertisements on our owned and operated VOD platforms, the distribution of film content and production of episodic television series. Revenue is measured at contract inception as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Our contracts are valued at a fixed price at inception and do not include any variable consideration or financing components in our normal course of business. Sales tax, value added tax, and other taxes that are collected concurrently with revenue producing activities are excluded from revenue.

The following tables disaggregates our revenue by major operating area (Line of Business):

  Year Ended December 31, 
     % of     % of 
  2019  revenue  2018  revenue 
Revenue:            
Online networks $40,027,289   72% $4,411,427   16%
Television and film distribution  15,967,507   29%  13,188,560   49%
Television and short-form video production  610,356   1%  10,152,020   38%
Total revenue  56,605,152   102%  27,752,007   103%
Less: returns and allowances  (1,241,246)  (2)%  (892,488)  (3)%
Net revenue $55,363,906   100% $26,859,519   100%

Online Networks

In this business area, we distribute and exhibit VOD content directly to consumers across all digital platforms, such as connected TV’s, smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, gaming consoles and the web through our subsidiaries and operate AVOD networks including Crackle, Popcornflix® and others. We generate advertising revenues primarily by delivering video advertisements to our streaming viewers. We also distribute our own and third-party owned content to end viewers on our SVOD network Pivotshare.

Revenue from online digital distribution and VOD platforms in our Online Networks business area are recorded over time as advertisements are delivered and when monthly activity is reported by advertisers.

Television and Film Distribution

In this business area, we distribute movies and television series worldwide to consumers through license agreements across all media, including theatrical, home video, pay-per-view, free, cable, pay television, VOD, mobile and new digital media platforms worldwide.

The Company licenses and distributes individual and multi-film packages to its customers. Revenue from multi-film sales is allocated on a per title basis and recognized upon initial availability for exploitation by customers. In addition, the Company distributes DVDs and similar media to its customers. The Company recognizes revenue upon shipment of DVD units or similar media units to its customers. Provision for future returns and other allowances are established based upon historical experience. Revenue from the distribution of multi-film packages and DVDs and similar media is included in television and film distribution in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Television and Short-Form Video Production

In this business area, we work with sponsors and use highly regarded independent producers to develop and produce our television and short-form video content, including Brand-related content. We also derive revenue from our subsidiary A Plus, which develops and distributes high-quality, empathetic short-form videos to millions of people worldwide. A Plus enhances our ability to distribute short form versions of our video productions and video library and provides us with content developed and distributed by A Plus that is complementary to the Brand.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company recognizes revenue from the production and distribution of television programs and short-form video content as each episode becomes available for delivery or becomes available for broadcast, and for short-form online videos, revenue is recognized when the videos are posted to a website for viewing. Revenue from the distribution of short-form online media content is included in television and short-form video production revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Cash advances received by the Company are recorded as deferred revenue until all performance obligations have been satisfied.

For all customer contracts, we evaluate whether we are the principal (i.e., report revenue on a gross basis) or the agent (i.e., report revenue on a net basis). Generally, we report revenue for advertisements placed on CSSE properties, films distributed and show productions on a gross basis (the amount billed to our customers is recorded as revenue, and the amount paid to our publishers is recorded as a cost of revenue). We are the principal because we control the advertising inventory before it is transferred to our customers. Our control is evidenced by our sole ability to monetize the advertising inventory, being primarily responsible to our customers, having discretion in establishing pricing, or a combination of these factors. We also generate revenue through agency relationships in which revenue is reported net of agency commissions and publisher payments in arrangements where we do not own the content or the ad inventory.

No impairment losses have arisen from any CSSE contracts with customers during year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Performance obligations

The unit of measure under ASC 606 is a performance obligation, which is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct or series of distinct goods or services to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Our contracts have either a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct, or have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple service offerings. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the contract’s transaction price can generally be readily allocated to each performance obligation based upon the selling price of each distinct service in the contract. In cases where estimates are needed to allocate the transaction price, we use historical experience and projections based on currently available information.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities (Deferred Revenues)

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

       
  December 31,  December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Contract Assets $34,661,119  $12,841,099 
Contract Liabilities $  $6,469 

Contract assets are primarily comprised of contract obligations that are generally satisfied annually under the terms of our contracts and are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to payment becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities relate to advance consideration received from customers under the terms of our contracts primarily related to cash payments received in advance of satisfaction of the contractual performance obligation. We receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Contract receivables are recognized in the period the Company provides services when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. Payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services offered. Payment terms for amounts invoiced are typically net 30 or 60 days. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

A contract asset results when goods or services have been transferred to the customer, but payment is contingent upon a future event, other than the passage of time (i.e. type of unbilled receivable). Given the nature of our business from time to time we engage with customers for terms that include minimum guarantees which are contractual obligations for payment over a period of time that may extend past one year at a variable rate of payment – based on sales or collections. These minimum guarantees are generally collectible via royalty payments at an agreed rate which are collected on a monthly basis. Contractual arrangements containing minimum guarantees are evaluated on a contract by contract basis for the need for present value treatment. As of the financial statement no material arrangements requiring financing treatment have been identified.

We record deferred revenues (also referred to as contract liabilities under Topic 606) when cash payments are received or due in advance of our satisfying our performance obligations. Our deferred revenue balance primarily relates to advance payments received related to our content distribution rights agreements and our production sponsorship arrangements. The Company’s deferred revenue (i.e. contract liabilities) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, was $0 and $6,469, respectively. These contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as the related performance obligations are satisfied. No significant changes in the timeframe of the satisfaction of contract liabilities have occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Arrangements with multiple performance obligations

In contracts with multiple performance obligations, we identify each performance obligation and evaluate whether the performance obligations are distinct within the context of the contract at contract inception. When multiple performance obligations are identified, we identify how control transfers to the customer for each distinct contract obligation and determine the period when the obligations are satisfied. If obligations are satisfied in the same period, no allocation of revenue is deemed to be necessary. In the event performance obligations within a bundled contract do not run concurrently, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. We generally determine standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers or by using expected cost-plus margins. Performance obligations that are not distinct at contract inception are combined.

Practical expedients

The Company has elected to use the practical expedient under the relevant accounting guidance to omit disclosure of remaining (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations as the related contracts have an original expected duration of one year or less.

The Company has elected to use the practical expedient under the relevant accounting guidance to expense sales commissions as incurred because the amortization period is generally one year or less. These commission costs are recorded within Selling, general and administrative expenses.

Note 6 – Share-Based Compensation

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted the 2017 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) to attract and retain certain employees. The Plan provides for the issuance of up to one million common stock equivalents subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan. The Plan generally provides for quarterly and bi-annual vesting over terms ranging from two to three years. The Company accounts for the Plan as an equity plan.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company recognized these stock options at fair value determined by applying the Black Scholes options pricing model to the grant date market value of the underlying common shares of the Company.

The compensation expense associated with these stock options is amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective vesting periods. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $907,572 and $857,073, respectively, of non-cash share-based compensation expense in selling, general and administrative expense in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Stock options activity as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:

     Weighted    
     Weighted  Average    
     Average  Remaining  Aggregate 
  Number of  Exercise  Contract  Intrinsic 
  Stock Options  Price  Term (Yrs.)  Value 
Total outstanding at December 31, 2018  662,500  $7.52   3.34  $332,100 
Granted  490,000   8.30   4.15    
Forfeited  (103,334)  9.66   3.47    
Exercised  (16,666)  9.61   2.99    
Expired            
                 
Outstanding at December 31, 2019  1,032,500  $7.73   3.33  $576,000 
                 
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2019  687,917  $7.37   2.59  $561,375 

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense of $1,430,101 related to non-vested stock options under the Plan of which $788,468,  $582,347 and $59,286 will be recognized in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.

We used the following weighted average assumptions to estimate the fair value of stock options granted for the periods presented as follows:

  Year Ended December 31, 
Weighted Average Assumptions: 2019  2018 
Expected dividend yield  0.0%  0.0%
Expected equity volatility  56.1%  57.1%
Expected term (years)  5   5 
Risk-free interest rate  2.22%  2.10%
Exercise price per stock option $7.73  $7.52 
Market price per share $7.27  $6.80 
Weighted average fair value per stock option $3.51  $3.26 

The risk-free rates are based on the implied yield available on US Treasury constant maturities with remaining terms equivalent to the respective expected terms of the options. The Company estimates expected terms for stock options awarded to employees using the simplified method in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Stock Compensation because the Company does not have sufficient relevant information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns. The Company estimates the expected term for stock options using the contractual term. Expected volatility is calculated based on the Company’s peer group because the Company does not have sufficient historical data and will continue to use peer group volatility information until historical volatility of the Company is available to measure expected volatility for future grants.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company also awards common stock grants to directors, employees and non-employee executive producers that provide services to the Company. The value is based on the market price of the stock on the date granted and amortized over the vesting period. For the year end ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized in selling, general and administrative expense, non-cash share-based compensation expense relating to stock grants of $154,354 and $96,615, respectively.

Note 7 – Earnings (Loss) Per Share

A reconciliation of shares used in calculating basic and diluted per share data is as follows:

  Year Ended December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Net loss available to common stockholders $(34,976,816) $(1,957,882)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding  11,987,292   11,944,528 
Effect of dilutive securities:        
Assumed issuance of shares from exercise of stock options*      
Assumed issuance of shares from exercise of warrants*      
         
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding*  11,987,292   11,944,528 
         
Loss per share:        
Basic and diluted $(2.92) $(0.16)

* For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 common stock equivalents totaling 261,328 and 239,702, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because their effect is anti-dilutive.

Note 8 – Programming Costs

Programming costs, net of amortization, consists of the following:

  December 31,  December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Released, net of accumulated amortization of $9,682,935 and $9,473,308, respectively $11,571,785  $11,418,244 
In production  991,277   17,099 
In development  1,896,209   1,355,146 
  $14,459,271  $12,790,489 

Programming costs consists primarily of episodic television programs which are available for distribution through a variety of platforms, including Crackle. Amounts capitalized include development costs, production costs and employee salaries.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Costs to create episodic programming are amortized in the proportion that revenues bear to management’s estimates of the ultimate revenues expected to be recognized from various forms of exploitation.

During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 the Company recognized amortization related to episodic television programs of $209,627 and $2,752,446, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not record any impairments related to our programming costs.

Note 9 – Film Library

Film library costs, net of amortization, consists of the following:

  December 31,  December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Acquisition costs $48,846,483  $33,176,802 
Accumulated amortization  (15,596,334)  (7,838,300)
Net film library costs $33,250,149  $25,338,502 

Film library consists primarily of the cost of acquiring film distribution rights and related acquisition and accrued participation costs. Costs related to film distribution rights are amortized in the proportion that revenues bear to management’s estimates of the ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from various forms of exploitation.

During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 the Company recognized film library amortization of $10,182,166 and $6,459,431, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not record any impairments related to our film library.

Note 10 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Indefinite lived Intangible assets, consists of the following:

  December 31,  December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Intangible asset - video content license $5,000,000  $5,000,000 
Popcornflix film rights and other assets  7,163,943   7,163,943 
  $12,163,943  $12,163,943 

Amortizable intangible assets, consists of the following:

  December 31,  December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Acquired customer base, net $1,660,425  $2,118,473 
Non-compete agreement, net  287,175   463,898 
Website development, net  259,510   389,266 
Crackle Plus Customer User Base, net  11,259,653    


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Crackle Plus Content Rights, net  1,352,381    
Crackle Brand Value, net  17,127,807    
Crackle Plus Partner Agreements, net  3,505,000    
  $35,451,951  $2,971,637 

Amortization expense was $13,235,315 and $326,986 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Goodwill consists of the following:

  December 31,  December 31, 
  2019  2018 
Goodwill: Pivotshare $1,300,319  $1,300,319 
Goodwill: A Plus  1,236,760   1,236,760 
Goodwill: Crackle Plus  18,911,027    
  $21,448,106  $2,537,079 

There was no impairment related to goodwill and intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Note 11 – Long-term Debt

Commercial Loan

On August 22, 2019, the Company, entered into an amended and restated loan with Patriot Bank, N.A. Under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, the Company’s outstanding $5,000,000 term loan and $3,500,000 line of credit were consolidated and combined into a term loan in the principal amount of $16,000,000 (the Commercial Loan”). As a result, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of $350,691 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The Commercial Loan is evidenced by a consolidated, amended and restated term promissory note. Subject to the terms of the Note, the Commercial Loan bears interest, payable monthly in arrears, at a fixed rate of 5.75% per annum. The outstanding principal amount of the Commercial Loan is repayable in consecutive monthly installments in equal amounts of $266,667, commencing on October 1, 2019 and continuing on the same date of each subsequent month thereafter during the term of the Commercial Loan. The Commercial Loan matures on September 1, 2024.

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, at closing the Company paid to Patriot Bank, N.A. an aggregate of approximately $179,000, representing a commitment fee of $85,000, a payment of $25,556 of interest due on the Commercial Loan for the 9 days of the month of August 2019 and $68,090 in fees paid to Patriot Bank’s counsel.

Revolving Credit Facility

On October 11, 2019, the Company consummated the creation of the majority owned subsidiary Landmark Studio Group. Through and in connection with the created subsidiary, Landmark Studio Group, the Company entered into a Revolving Credit Facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”) with Cole Investments VII, LLC. The Revolving Credit Facility consists of a revolving line of credit in the amount of $5,000,000 and bears interest of 8% per annum.  The outstanding principal is repayable in full on October 10, 2022, the maturity date.  At the option of the lender, the loan is repayable in cash or additional equity in the subsidiary.  The loan is not collateralized by any assets of the Company.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Long-term debt for the periods presented was as follows:

 December 31,  December 31, 
 2019  2018 
Commercial Loan$15,200,000  $4,416,667 
Revolving Credit Facility 5,000,000    
Revolving Line of Credit    3,500,000 
Total Debt 20,200,000   7,916,667 
Less: debt issuance costs 189,525   334,554 
Less: current portion 3,200,000   1,000,000 
Total long-term debt$16,810,475  $6,582,113 

The Amended and Restated Loan Agreement includes customary financial covenants, restrictions and interest rate governors including delivery of financial statements, maintaining an account at Patriot Bank, N.A. with an average balance of $2,500,000 in any trailing 90-day period or the interest rate will increase by 0.50% and maintain a minimum debt service coverage ratio of 1.25 to 1.0. The Company did not maintain the average balance of $2,500,000 with Patriot Bank N.A. during the 90-day period ending December 31, 2019. The Company has a 30-day cure period to comply with the covenant or the interest rate will increase 0.50%. There is no event of default related to the aforementioned covenant. The Company was in compliance with all other covenants as of December 31, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, the expected aggregate maturities of long-term debt for each of the next five years are as follows:

Year Ended December 31, Amount 
2020  3,200,000 
2021  3,200,000 
2022  8,200,000 
2023  3,200,000 
2024  2,400,000 
  $20,200,000 

Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity

Class A and B Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 70,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 (“Class A Stock”), 20,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $.0001 (“Class B Stock”). and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $.0001, of which 4,300,000 shares are designated Series A preferred stock.

As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company had 4,185,685 and 4,153,505 shares of Class A Stock outstanding, respectively and 7,813,938 and 7,817,238 shares of Class B Stock outstanding, respectively. Each holder of Class A Stock is entitled to one vote per share while holders of Class B Stock are entitled to ten votes per share.

The Company declared a special one-time dividend of $0.45 per share on shares of Class A and Class B common stock to holders of record of such stock as of August 6, 2018. The special one-time dividend totaling approximately $5.2 million was paid on August 10, 2018. As a result of the special one-time dividend, a payment of approximately $3.4 million was made to CSS as a holder of Class B common stock. No dividends on our common stock were declared during the year ended December 31, 2019.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

On March 27, 2018, the board of directors of the Company approved a stock repurchase program (the “Repurchase Program”) that enables the Company to repurchase up to $5.0 million of its Class A common stock prior to April 30, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 the Company has repurchased 0 and 74,235 shares of its Class A common stock pursuant to the Repurchase Program at a cost of approximately $0 and $633,000, respectively.

Series A Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which 4,300,000 is designated 9.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock, par value $.0001 (“Series A Preferred Stock”). At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had 1,599,002 and 918,497 shares of Series A Preferred Stock outstanding, respectively.

Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will receive cumulative cash dividends at a rate of 9.75% per annum, as and when declared by the board of directors. Holders of Series A Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights except for the right to add two members to the board of directors if dividends payable on the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock are in arrears for eighteen or more consecutive or non-consecutive monthly dividend periods. The Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into common stock of the Company.

If the Company liquidates, dissolves or winds up, holders of the Series A Preferred stock will have the right to receive $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends before any payment is made to the holders of the Company’s Class A and Class B common stock.

The Series A Preferred Stock is not redeemable by the Company prior to June 27, 2023 except upon the occurrence of a change in control which the Company, at its option, may redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, within 120 days after the change in control, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the redemption date.

After June 27, 2023, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the redemption date.

The Company has made all dividend payments and there are no unpaid cumulative dividends.

Subsidiary convertible preferred stock

The subsidiary convertible preferred stock represents the equity attributable to the noncontrolling interest holder as a part of the Crackle Plus business combination. Given the terms of the transaction, the noncontrolling interest holder has the right to convert their Preferred Units in Crackle Plus into Common Units representing common ownership of 49% in Crackle Plus or into Series A Preferred Stock of the Company. Based on the terms of the transaction agreement, the noncontrolling interest in Crackle Plus is convertible into equity.

Noncontrolling interest

Noncontrolling interests represents a 1% equity interest in the consolidated subsidiary Crackle Plus. The noncontrolling interests are presented as a component of equity and the proportionate share of net income (loss) attributed to the noncontrolling interests is recorded in results of operations. Changes in noncontrolling interests that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for in equity. Gains and losses from the changes in noncontrolling interests that result in a loss of control are recorded in results of operations.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 13 – Income Taxes

The Company’s current and deferred income tax provision are as follows:

 Year Ended December 31, 
 2019  2018 
Current provision (benefit):       
Federal$  $4,000 
States 133,000   90,000 
Total current provision 133,000   94,000 
Deferred provision:       
Federal 333,000   575,000 
States 119,000   205,000 
Total deferred provision 452,000   780,000 
Total provision for income taxes$585,000  $874,000 

The provision for income taxes is different from amounts computed by applying the U.S. statutory rates to consolidated earnings (loss) before taxes. The significant reason for these differences is as follows:

 Year Ended December 31, 
 2019  2018 
Expected tax provision -- Income taxes computed at Federal statutory rate$(6,654,000) $6,000 
Increase (decrease) in tax expense resulting from:       
Gain on asset contribution 782,000    
Crackle amortization 2,769,000    
State and local taxes 276,000   276,000 
Programming costs (41,000)  (1,384,000)
Acquisition-related costs 887,000   116,000 
Share-based compensation - incentive plan 286,000   237,000 
Film library 341,000   1,620,000 
Allowance for doubtful accounts 348,000    
Other 28,000   3,000 
Increase in valuation allowance 1,563,000    
Actual tax provision$585,000  $874,000 

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Deferred income taxes reflect the “temporary differences” between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, adjusted by the relevant tax rate. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

 December 31,  December 31, 
 2019  2018 
Deferred Tax Assets:       
Net operating loss carry-forwards$9,680,000  $3,022,000 
Acquisition-related costs 723,000   663,000 
Film library and other intangibles 3,769,000   427,000 
Deferred state taxes 34,000   157,000 
Less: valuation allowance (11,243,000)  (719,000)
Total Deferred Tax Assets$2,963,000  $3,550,000 
Deferred Tax Liabilities:       
Programming costs 2,820,000   2,779,000 
Other assets 143,000   319,000 
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities$2,963,000  $3,098,000 
Net deferred tax asset$  $452,000 

The Company and its subsidiaries have combined net operating losses of approximately $35,951,000,  $10,845,000 of which were incurred before 2018 and expire between 2031 and 2037 with the balance of $25,106,000 having no expiration under changes made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act but may only be utilized generally to offset 80 percent of taxable income. The ultimate realization of the tax benefit from net operating losses is dependent upon future taxable income, if any, of the Company.

Internal Revenue Code Section 382 imposes limitations on the use of net operating loss carryovers when the stock ownership of one or more 5% stockholders (stockholders owning 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding capital stock) has increased by more than 50 percentage points. Additionally, the separate-return-limitation-year (SRLY) rules that apply to consolidated returns may limit the utilization of losses in a given year when consolidated tax returns are filed. Management has determined that because of a recent history of recurring losses, the ultimate realization of the net operating loss carryovers is not assured and has recorded a full valuation allowance. Public trading of the Company’s stock poses a risk of an ownership change beyond the control of the Company that could trigger a limitation of the use of the loss carryover.

The deferred tax asset valuation allowance increased by $10,524,000 and $609,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Note 14 – Related Party Transactions

Affiliate Resources and Obligations

The Company has agreements with CSS and affiliated companies that provide the Company with access to important assets and resources including key personnel.  The assets and resources provided are included as a part of a management services and a license agreement. A summary of the relevant ongoing agreements is as follows:

Management Services Agreement

The Company is a party to a Management Services Agreement with CSS (the “Management Agreement”). Under the terms of the Management Agreement, the Company is provided with the operational expertise of the CSS companies’ personnel, including its chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, chief strategy officer, and senior brand advisor, and with other services, including accounting, legal, marketing, management, data access and back office systems. The Management Agreement also requires CSS to provide headquarter office space and equipment usage.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Under the terms of the Management Agreement, the Company pays a quarterly fee to CSS equal to 5% of the net revenue as reported under GAAP for each fiscal quarter.  For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded management fee expense of $2,768,195 and $532,820, respectively, payable to CSS.

The term of the Management Agreement is five years, with automatic one-year renewals thereafter unless either party elects to terminate by delivering written notice at least 90 days prior to the end of the then current term. The Management Agreement is terminable earlier by either party by reason of certain prescribed and uncured defaults by the other party. The Management Agreement will automatically terminate in the event of the Company’s bankruptcy or a bankruptcy of CSS or if the Company no longer has licensed rights from CSS under the License Agreement described below.

License Agreement and Marketing Support Fee

The Company is a party to a trademark and intellectual property license agreement with CSS (the “License Agreement”). Under the terms of the License Agreement, the Company has been granted a perpetual, exclusive license to utilize the Brand and related content, such as stories published in the Chicken Soup for the Soul books, for visual exploitation worldwide. Under the License Agreement, the Company pays a license fee to CSS equal to 4% of net revenue for each fiscal quarter.

In addition, CSS provides marketing support for the Company’s productions through its email distribution, blogs and other marketing and public relations resources. The Company pays a quarterly fee to CSS for those services equal to 1% of net revenue as reported under GAAP for each fiscal quarter for such support.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a combined license and marketing support fee expense of $2,768,195 and $532,820, respectively, payable to CSS.

Due from Affiliated Companies

The Company is part of CSS’s central cash management system whereby payroll and benefits are administered by CSS and the related expenses are charged to its subsidiaries and funds are transferred between affiliates to fulfill joint liquidity needs and business initiatives.  Settlements fluctuate period over period due to timing of liquidity needs.  As of December 31, 2019, the Company is owed $7,642,432 and $1,213,436, respectively, from affiliated companies primarily CSS.

Promotions License Agreement

The Company entered into a Promotions License Agreement with One Last Thing (“OLT”) in 2018 under which the Company paid $100,000 for the right to integrate certain products into a feature film produced by OLT, such amount being recoupable from the gross revenue of such film. OLT is controlled by the son of the Company’s chairman and chief executive officer. The payment of $100,000 is included in programming costs in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019.

The Company also has agreements to provide management services to consolidated subsidiaries which have non-controlling interest holders.  As these subsidiaries are controlled by the Company and consolidated for financial reporting purposes any revenues generated and fees incurred are eliminated in consolidation.  A summary of the relevant ongoing agreements is as follows:

Crackle Plus Management Services Agreement

We provide management services to Crackle Plus, including property management, back-office support, accounting, tax, legal and financial services (including strategic financial planning) and technology resources and support for a quarterly fee equal to five percent (5%) of Crackle Plus’s gross revenues, subject to adjustment after the first year.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Landmark Studios Group Management Services Agreement

We provide management services to Landmark Studio Group, including property management, back-office support, accounting, tax, legal and financial services (including strategic financial planning) and technology resources and support for a quarterly fee equal to five percent (5%) of Landmark Studio Group’s gross revenues.

Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

We are obligated under non-cancellable lease agreements for certain facilities and services, which frequently include renewal options and escalation clauses. For leases that contain predetermined fixed escalations, we recognize the related rent expense on a straight-line basis and record the difference between the recognized rent expense and amounts payable under the lease as lease obligations. Lease obligations due within one year are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. These leases expire at various points through 2031.

Rent expense related to these leases was $452,000 and $425,688 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company does not record rent expense for its Connecticut office as it is included under the Management Agreement with CSS

The Company is contingently liable for a standby letter of credit in connection with its office lease agreement in the amount of $129,986 as of December 31, 2019.

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:

Year Ended December 31, Amount 
2020  5,964,411 
2021  7,136,682 
2022  4,011,272 
2023  1,269,773 
2024  1,295,168 
2025 - 2031  8,862,909 
Total minimum lease payments $28,540,215 

Legal and Other Matters

We may be involved in various legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. While any legal proceeding or litigation has an element of uncertainty, management believes the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Note 16 – Segment and Geographic Information

The Company’s reportable segments have been determined based on the distinct nature of its operations, the Company’s internal management structure, and the financial information that is evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company operates in one reportable segment, the production and distribution of video content, and currently operates in the United States and internationally.

Net revenue generated in the United States accounted for approximately 99% and 99% of total net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Remaining net revenue was generated in the rest of the world. 100% of total consolidated long-lived assets are based in the United States.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 17 – Client Concentration

The list of our customers changes periodically. Our largest customers accounted for the following percentages of total net revenue:

 Year Ended December 31, 
 2019 2018 
Customer A % 15%

Our largest customers accounted for the following percentages of total gross accounts receivable:

  Year Ended December 31, 
Accounts Receivable 2019  2018 
Customer A  11%  32%
Customer B  10%  14%

Note 18 – Subsequent Events

Series A Preferred Stock Dividends

We have declared monthly cash dividends of $0.2031 per share on our Series A preferred stock to holders of record as of January 31, 2020, February 29, 2020, and March 31, 2020. The monthly dividend for January was paid on February 15, 2020, the monthly dividend for February was paid on March 15, 2020, and the monthly dividend for March is expected to be paid on April 15, 2020. The total dividends declared and paid through March 2020 was approximately $974,272.

COVID-19

The impact that the recent COVID-19 outbreak will have on our consolidated results of operations is uncertain. The Company will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact to our business and consolidated results of operations.


UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
  (unaudited)    
ASSETS        
Cash and cash equivalents $9,243,315  $6,447,402 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,777,744 and $1,531,247, respectively  24,772,024   34,661,119 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets  2,985,503   1,173,223 
Goodwill  21,448,106   21,448,106 
Indefinite lived intangible assets  12,163,943   12,163,943 
Intangible assets, net  20,575,942   35,451,951 
Film library, net  36,878,196   33,250,149 
Due from affiliated companies  6,081,324   7,642,432 
Programming costs and rights, net  20,702,405   15,113,574 
Other assets, net  4,794,239   313,585 
Total assets $159,644,997  $167,665,484 
         
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY        
Current maturities of commercial loan $  $3,200,000 
Commercial loan, net of unamortized deferred finance costs of $0 and $189,525, respectively     11,810,475 
9.50% Notes due 2025, net of unamortized deferred finance costs of $1,059,401 and $0, respectively  21,040,599    
Notes payable under revolving credit facility  2,500,000   5,000,000 
Film acquisition advance  10,210,000    
Accounts payable and accrued expenses  25,923,748   26,646,390 
Ad representation fees payable  3,021,520   12,429,838 
Film library acquisition obligations  10,609,186   5,020,600 
Programming obligations  6,416,012   7,300,861 
Accrued participation costs  12,894,099   5,066,512 
Other liabilities  1,777,548   170,106 
Total liabilities  94,392,712   76,644,782 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)        
         
Equity        
Stockholders' Equity:        
Series A cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock, $.0001 par value, liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,732,139 and 1,599,002 shares issued and outstanding, respectively; redemption value of $43,303,475 and $39,975,050, respectively  173   160 
Class A common stock, $.0001 par value, 70,000,000 shares authorized; 4,919,195 and 4,259,920 shares issued, 4,844,960 and 4,185,685 shares outstanding, respectively  492   425 
Class B common stock, $.0001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 7,813,938 shares issued and outstanding  782   782 
Additional paid-in capital  96,498,618   87,610,030 
Deficit  (67,182,836)  (32,695,629)
Class A common stock held in treasury, at cost (74,235 shares)  (632,729)  (632,729)
Total stockholders’ equity  28,684,500   54,283,039 
Subsidiary convertible preferred stock  36,350,000   36,350,000 
Noncontrolling interests  217,785   387,663 
Total equity  65,252,285   91,020,702 
Total liabilities and equity $159,644,997  $167,665,484 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

  Three Months Ended September 30,  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  2019  2020  2019 
Revenue:            
Online networks $6,652,562  $14,383,659  $21,038,965  $25,128,001 
Distribution and Production  13,318,050   2,662,429   26,948,795   6,655,114 
Total revenue  19,970,612   17,046,088   47,987,760   31,783,115 
Less: returns and allowances  (608,861)  (255,394)  (1,861,396)  (828,785)
Net revenue  19,361,751   16,790,694   46,126,364   30,954,330 
Cost of revenue  14,840,851   13,614,648   37,684,786   23,568,743 
Gross profit  4,520,900   3,176,046   8,441,578   7,385,587 
Operating expenses:                
Selling, general and administrative  9,301,550   6,371,870   23,194,223   13,894,351 
Amortization and depreciation  4,576,742   4,695,522   15,022,885   5,631,136 
Management and license fees  1,936,175   1,676,303   4,612,636   3,091,093 
Total operating expenses  15,814,467   12,743,695   42,829,744   22,616,580 
Operating loss  (11,293,567)  (9,567,649)  (34,388,166)  (15,230,993)
Interest expense  659,803   195,881   1,322,831   483,363 
Loss on extinguishment of debt  169,219   350,691   169,219   350,691 
Acquisition-related costs     1,078,637   98,926   3,735,373 
Other non-operating income, net  (43,445)  (8,997)  (4,381,292)  (34,546)
Loss before income taxes and preferred dividends  (12,079,144)  (11,183,861)  (31,597,850)  (19,765,874)
Provision for income taxes  26,000   1,248,000   93,000   557,000 
Net loss before noncontrolling interests and preferred dividends  (12,105,144)  (12,431,861)  (31,690,850)  (20,322,874)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests  (73,135)  (37,473)  (169,878)  (36,960)
Net loss attributable to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.  (12,032,009)  (12,394,388)  (31,520,972)  (20,285,914)
Less: preferred dividends  1,017,691   929,387   2,966,235   2,330,675 
Net loss available to common stockholders $(13,049,700) $(13,323,775) $(34,487,207) $(22,616,589)
Net loss per common share:                
Basic and diluted $(1.04) $(1.11) $(2.83) $(1.89)

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(unaudited)

     Common Stock           Subsidiary       
  Preferred Stock  Class A  Class B  Additional        convertible       
     Par     Par     Par  Paid-In     Treasury  Preferred  Noncontrolling    
  Shares  Value  Shares  Value  Shares  Value  Capital  Deficit  Stock  Stock  Interests  Total 
Balance, December 31, 2019 (audited)  1,599,002  $160   4,259,920  $425   7,813,938  $782  $87,610,030  $(32,695,629) $(632,729) $36,350,000  $387,663  $91,020,702 
Share based compensation - stock options                          213,585                   213,585 
Share based compensation - common stock                          31,250                   31,250 
Shares issued to directors          7,805   1           (1)                   
Dividends                              (974,272)              (974,272)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                                          (52,854)  (52,854)
Net loss                              (10,453,108)              (10,453,108)
Balance, March 31, 2020  1,599,002  $160   4,267,725  $426   7,813,938  $782  $87,854,864  $(44,123,009) $(632,729) $36,350,000  $334,809  $79,785,303 
Share based compensation - stock options  ��                       198,023                   198,023 
Share based compensation - common stock                          31,250                   31,250 
Dividends                              (974,272)              (974,272)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                                          (43,889)  (43,889)
Net loss                              (9,035,855)              (9,035,855)
Balance, June 30, 2020  1,599,002  $160   4,267,725  $426   7,813,938  $782  $88,084,137  $(54,133,136) $(632,729) $36,350,000  $290,920  $69,960,560 
Share based compensation - stock options                          230,123                   230,123 
Share based compensation - common stock                          116,650                   116,650 
Stock options exercised          10,000   1           74,999                   75,000 
Shares issued to directors          6,470   1           (1)                   
Common stock grant          10,000   1           (1)                   
Issuance of common stock          625,000   63           4,999,937                   5,000,000 
Issuance of preferred stock, net  133,137   13                   2,992,774                   2,992,787 
Dividends                              (1,017,691)              (1,017,691)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                                          (73,135)  (73,135)
Net loss                              (12,032,009)              (12,032,009)
Balance, September 30, 2020  1,732,139  $173   4,919,195  $492   7,813,938  $782  $96,498,618  $(67,182,836) $(632,729) $36,350,000  $217,785  $65,252,285 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


     Common Stock           Subsidiary       
  Preferred Stock  Class A  Class B  Additional  Retained     convertible       
     Par     Par     Par  Paid-In  (Deficit)  Treasury  Preferred  Noncontrolling    
  Shares  Value  Shares  Value  Shares  Value  Capital  Earnings  Stock  Stock  Interests  Total 
Balance, December 31, 2018  (audited)  918,497  $92   4,227,740  $421   7,817,238  $782  $59,360,583  $2,281,187  $(632,729) $  $  $61,010,336 
Share based compensation - stock options                          190,847                   190,847 
Share based compensation - common stock                          25,000                   25,000 
Issuance of preferred stock  140,000   14                   3,499,986                   3,500,000 
Preferred stock issuance costs                          (288,160)                  (288,160)
Dividends                              (603,307)              (603,307)
Net loss                              (2,773,430)              (2,773,430)
Balance, March 31, 2019  1,058,497  $106   4,227,740  $421   7,817,238  $782  $62,788,256  $(1,095,550) $(632,729) $  $  $61,061,286 
Share based compensation - stock options                          250,097                   250,097 
Share based compensation - common stock                          25,000                   25,000 
Issuance of preferred stock  279,505   28                   6,987,597                   6,987,625 
Preferred stock issuance costs                          (538,295)                  (538,295)
Stock options exercised          16,666   2           160,159                   160,161 
Conversion of class B shares to class A shares          3,300      (3,300)                          
Dividends                              (797,981)              (797,981)
Crackle business combination                          15,322,531           36,350,000   521,945   52,194,476 
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest                                          513   513 
Net loss                             (5,118,096)              (5,118,096)
Balance, June 30, 2019  1,338,002  $134   4,247,706  $423   7,813,938  $782  $84,995,345  $(7,011,627) $(632,729) $36,350,000  $522,458  $114,224,786 
Share based compensation - stock options                          236,351                   236,351 
Issuance of preferred stock  261,000   26                   6,524,974                   6,525,000 
Preferred stock issuance costs                          (663,251)                  (663,251)
Shares issued to directors          6,956   1           25,000                   25,001 
Employee stock grant          5,258   1           41,854                   41,855 
Dividends                              (929,387)              (929,387)
Crackle business combination                          (3,083,130)                  (3,083,130)
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest                                          (37,473)  (37,473)
Net loss                              (12,394,388)              (12,394,388)
Balance, September 30, 2019  1,599,002  $160   4,259,920  $425   7,813,938  $782  $88,077,143  $(20,335,402) $(632,729) $36,350,000  $484,985  $103,945,364 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

  Nine months ended September 30, 
  2020  2019 
Cash flows from Operating Activities:        
Net loss $(31,690,850) $(20,322,874)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:        
Share-based compensation  820,881   794,149 
Amortization of programming costs and rights  216,486   451,050 
Amortization of deferred financing costs  65,905   72,063 
Amortization and depreciation of intangibles, property and equipment  15,661,774   5,631,136 
Amortization of film library  16,781,685   3,475,471 
Bad debt and video return expense  4,072,785   1,241,243 
Realized and unrealized losses on marketable securities  183,815    
Loss on debt extinguishment  169,219   350,691 
Other non-operating income  (5,530,650)   
Deferred income taxes     452,000 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        
Trade accounts receivable  5,816,310   (16,132,075)
Prepaid expenses and other assets  (2,691,799)  (933,210)
Programming costs and rights  (5,805,317)  (1,622,067)
Film library  (20,409,732)  (10,134,353)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other payables  (7,000,310)  17,797,811 
Film library acquisition and programming obligations  6,093,737   3,019,500 
Accrued participation costs  7,827,587   (230,564)
Other liabilities  1,607,442   (278,870)
Net cash used in operating activities  (13,811,032)  (16,368,899)
Cash flows from Investing Activities:        
Expenditures for property and equipment  (2,811,225)   
Sales of marketable securities  640,510    
Decrease (increase) in due from affiliated companies  1,561,108   (5,796,629)
Net cash used in investing activities  (609,607)  (5,796,629)
Cash flows from Financing Activities:        
Proceeds from commercial loan     8,665,000 
Repayments of commercial loan  (15,200,000)  (666,667)
Repayments of revolving credit facility  (2,500,000)   
Proceeds from 9.50% notes due 2025, net  20,995,000    
Proceeds from film acquisition advance  8,820,000    
Proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock  5,000,000    
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under equity plans  75,000   160,161 
Proceeds from issuance of Series A preferred stock, net  2,992,787   15,522,919 
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders  (2,966,235)  (2,330,675)
Payment of deferred financing costs     (192,004)
Net cash provided by financing activities  17,216,552   21,158,734 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  2,795,913   (1,006,794)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  6,447,402   7,201,758 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period $9,243,315  $6,194,964 
         
Supplemental data:        
Interest paid $977,925  $376,881 
Non-cash investing activities:        
Property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses $2,400,000  $ 
Crackle Plus business combination $  $51,672,531 

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1 – Description of the Business

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc. (the “Company”), is a Delaware corporation formed on May 4, 2016. The Company operates video-on-demand networks and is a leading global independent television and film distribution company with one of the largest independently owned television and film libraries.

The Company operates in one reportable segment, across two operations areas, the distribution and production of video content for sale to others and for use on our owned and operated video on demand platforms. The Company currently operates in the United States and internationally and derives its revenue primarily in the United States. The Company has a presence in over 56 countries and territories worldwide. The chief executive officer of the Company is Mr. William J. Rouhana, Jr.

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc. have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and are consistent in all material respects with those applied in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 30, 2020. These condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and have been prepared by the Company following the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted as permitted by such rules and regulations; however, the Company believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include revenue recognition, estimated film ultimate revenues, allowance for doubtful accounts, intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, valuation allowance for income taxes and amortization of programming and film library costs. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On a regular basis, the Company evaluates the assumptions, judgments and estimates. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The interim financial information is unaudited, but reflects all normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly present the information set forth herein. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies as compared to the significant accounting policies described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In March 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-02, “Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials.” The amendments in this ASU align the accounting for production costs of an episodic television series with the accounting for production costs of films. In addition, the ASU modifies certain aspects of the capitalization, impairment, presentation and disclosure requirements under the current film and broadcaster entertainment industry guidance. The new guidance is effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods starting in the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance will be applied on a prospective basis. Based on the Company’s preliminary assessment, the impact of implementation is not expected to be material.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, “Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808) – Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606.” The amendments in this ASU clarify that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account and precludes recognizing as revenue consideration received from a collaborative arrangement participant if the participant is not a customer. The new guidance is effective for the Company’s interim and annual reporting periods starting in the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance should be applied retrospectively to the date of initial application of the new revenue guidance in Topic 606 (January 1, 2018 for the Company). The Company does not expect the adoption of the amendments to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” The new guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments in this update. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods starting in fiscal year 2020 for the Company, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption.  The impact of adoption on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements is immaterial.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires an entity to assess impairment of its financial instruments based on its estimate of expected credit losses. Since the issuance of ASU 2016-13, the FASB released several amendments to improve and clarify the implementation guidance. The provisions of ASU 2016-13 and the related amendments are effective for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2022. Entities are required to apply these changes through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. The Company does not expect the adoption of the amendments to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 requires that a lessee should recognize a liability to make lease payments (the lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 is effective for public companies’ fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. Because the Company is an emerging growth company, adoption is not required until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 as recently voted and deferred by FASB. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements. Based on the Company’s preliminary assessment, the impact of implementation is expected to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements. If adopted, the Company estimates the right-of-use lease asset and corresponding lease liability will each total approximately $15,600,000, respectively, as of September 30, 2020.  The Company does not expect adoption to have any material impact on its results from operations and financial condition.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The Company does not believe other recently issued but not yet effective accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 4 – Business Combination

The Company consummated the creation of its Crackle Plus subsidiary on May 14, 2019. In consideration for assets contributed to Crackle Plus by CPE Holdings, Inc. (“CPEH”), a Delaware corporation and affiliate of Sony Pictures Television Inc. (“Sony”), and Crackle, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of CPEH (“Crackle”), Crackle Plus issued to Crackle 37,000 units of preferred equity (“Preferred Units”) and 1,000 units of common equity (“Common Units”), which are now held by CPEH. In consideration for assets contributed to Crackle Plus by the Company, Crackle Plus issued to the Company 99,000 Common Units. From May 2020 to October 2020 (“Exercise Period”), CPEH will have the right to either convert its Preferred Units into Common Units of Crackle Plus or require us to purchase all, but not less than all, of its interest in Crackle Plus (“Put Option”). We would likely elect to pay the Put Option in cash or through the issuance of our 9.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series A Preferred Stock”) using a price per share of $25, unless we are able to raise sufficient cash to pay the Put Option in cash. Subject to certain limitations, in the event that CPEH hasn’t converted its Preferred Units into Common Units of Crackle Plus or exercised its Put Option, Crackle shall be deemed to have automatically exercised the Put Option on the last day of the Exercise Period.

As additional consideration to CPEH, the Company issued to CPEH warrants to purchase (a) Eight Hundred Thousand (800,000) shares of the Class A common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $8.13 per share (the “CSSE Class I Warrants”), (b) warrants to purchase One Million Two Hundred Thousand (1,200,000) shares of the Class A common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $9.67 per share, (the “CSSE Class II Warrants”); (c) warrants to purchase Three Hundred Eighty Thousand (380,000) shares of the Class A common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $11.61 per share, (the “CSSE Class III-A Warrants”); and (d) warrants to purchase One Million Six Hundred Twenty Thousand (1,620,000) shares of the Class A common stock of the Company at an exercise price of $11.61 per share, (the “CSSE Class III-B Warrants”). All the CSSE Warrants have a five-year term commencing on the closing and are exercisable at any time and from time to time during such term.

The Crackle Plus transaction was accounted for as a purchase of a business in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations and the aggregate purchase price consideration of $51,672,531 has been allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, based on management’s analysis and information received from an independent third-party appraisal.

F-43

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The initial purchase price allocation was preliminary and subject to change up to one year after the date of acquisition. The final allocation of the purchase price to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition was as follows:

  May 14, 2019 
Accounts receivable, net $5,360,667 
Prepaid expenses  892,200 
Programming Rights  1,155,363 
Goodwill  18,911,027 
Brand Value  18,807,004 
Customer User Base  21,194,641 
Content Rights  1,708,270 
Partner Agreements  4,005,714 
Assets acquired  72,034,886 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses  (13,061,494)
Programming Obligations  (7,300,861)
Liabilities assumed  (20,362,355)
Total purchase consideration $51,672,531 

In estimating the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, the fair value estimates are based on, but not limited to, expected future revenue and cash flows, expected growth rates and estimated discount rates.

The amount related to other intangible assets represents the estimated fair values of the brand (trademark), customer user base, content rights, and partner agreements. These long lived assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 16-84 months.

Goodwill was calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and represents the future economic benefits expected to arise from the intangible assets acquired that do not qualify for separate recognition.

The fair values of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed were based upon valuations performed by independent third party valuation experts.

Purchase Price Consideration Allocation:

    
Fair Value of Preferred Units $36,350,000 
Fair Value of Warrants in CSSE  10,899,204 
Fair Value of Put Option  4,423,327 
Total Estimated Purchase Price $51,672,531 

The purchase price paid by the Company reflects the total consideration given in return for the ownership share available to CPEH in the entity. Consideration given has been calculated at the fair market value of the Crackle Plus Preferred Units; the four CSSE tranches of warrants and the Put Option. The Company valued the securities based on the terms of the Contribution Agreement and the use of the Black Scholes model valuation technique on each of the respective components as follows,

1.The Preferred Units have a stated value at the time of the acquisition of $36.35 million, as set forth in the Crackle Plus Operating Agreement;


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

2.The four (4) tranches of CSSE warrants were individually valued based on the Black Sholes valuation model using their respective terms and strike prices (ranging from a 5% to 50% premium over the initial market price of $7.74). Each tranche used a volatility of 58% and a 5-year risk free rate of 2.2%;

3.The Put Option was valued via the Black-Sholes valuation model assuming an initial price of $36.35 million, strike price of $40M, volatility of 17% and term of 1.5 years reflecting the latest time the Put Option could be exercised or triggered.

All consideration transferred has been determined to represent equity-classified contingent consideration and has been measured at fair value as of the acquisition date. Equity-classified contingent consideration is not remeasured following the acquisition date, and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. The equity classification has been determined based on the terms of the transaction.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following table illustrates Crackle’s stand-alone financial performance included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations: 

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
 
   2020   2019 
Gross revenue $7,427,763  $14,023,375 
Gross margin $1,231,913  $2,419,470 
Net loss $(7,454,920) $(5,851,970)

  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
  2020  2019 
Gross revenue $22,569,775  $23,445,004 
Gross margin $3,552,624  $5,579,282 
Net loss $(17,592,841) $(5,428,404)

Note 5 – Revenue Recognition

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized as an unsatisfied performance obligation until the terms of a customer contract are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control as we satisfy contractual performance obligations at a point in time or over time. Our contractual performance obligations include licensing of content and delivery of online advertisements on our owned and operated VOD platforms, the distribution of film content and production of episodic television series. Revenue is measured at contract inception as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. Our contracts are valued at a fixed price at inception and do not include any variable consideration or financing components in our normal course of business. Sales tax, value added tax, and other taxes that are collected concurrently with revenue producing activities are excluded from revenue.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

The following tables disaggregate our revenue by operations area:

  Three Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  % of revenue  2019  % of revenue 
Revenue:            
Online networks $6,652,562   34% $14,383,659   86%
Distribution and Production  13,318,050   69%  2,662,429   16%
Total revenue  19,970,612   103%  17,046,088   102%
Less: returns and allowances  (608,861)  (3)%  (255,394)  (2)%
Net revenue $19,361,751   100% $16,790,694   100%

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  % of revenue  2019  % of revenue 
Revenue:            
Online networks $21,038,965   46% $25,128,001   81%
Distribution and Production  26,948,795   58%  6,655,114   22%
Total revenue  47,987,760   104%  31,783,115   103%
Less: returns and allowances  (1,861,396)  (4)%  (828,785)  (3)%
Net revenue $46,126,364   100% $30,954,330   100%

Online Networks

In this operations area, the Company distributes and exhibits VOD content through Crackle Plus directly to consumers across all digital platforms, such as connected TV’s, smartphones, tablets, gaming consoles and the web through our owned and operated AVOD Crackle Plus networks. We also distribute our own and third-party owned content to consumers across various digital platforms through our SVOD network, Pivotshare. We generate advertising revenues primarily by serving video advertisements to our streaming viewers on our AVOD networks and subscription revenue from customers on our SVOD network.

Revenue from online digital distribution and VOD platforms in our Online Networks operations area are recorded over time as advertisements are delivered and when monthly activity is reported by advertisers.

Television and Film Distribution and Production

In this operations area, the Company distributes movies and television series worldwide, through Screen Media, to consumers through license agreements across all media, including theatrical, home video, pay-per-view, free, cable, pay television, VOD, mobile and new digital media platforms worldwide. We own the copyright or long-term distribution rights to over 1,000 television series and feature films, representing one of the largest independently owned libraries of filmed entertainment in the world.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Historically, we produced content in two main ways: we worked with sponsors and used highly regarded independent producers to develop and produce our television and short-form video content, including Brand-related content. We also derived revenue from our subsidiary, A Plus, which develops and distributes high-quality, empathetic short-form videos to millions of people worldwide. As a result of launching Crackle Plus, we decided to change our approach to content production, focusing primarily on co-production partnerships in order to build our AVOD networks, through Crackle Plus, and our worldwide distribution capabilities through Screen Media. By focusing this way, we believe that we will be able to grow our business more rapidly by entering into production agreements with a variety of production partners. In October 2019, we launched Landmark Studio Group, our first production co-venture subsidiary. Landmark Studio Group is a fully integrated entertainment company focused on ownership, development, and production of quality entertainment franchises.

The Company recognizes revenue from the production and distribution of television programs and short-form video content as each episode becomes available for delivery or becomes available for broadcast, and for short-form online videos, revenue is recognized when the videos are posted to a website for viewing. Revenue from the distribution of short-form online media content is included in television and short-form video production revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Cash advances received by the Company are recorded as deferred revenue until all performance obligations have been satisfied.

For all customer contracts, the Company evaluates whether we are the principal (i.e., report revenue on a gross basis) or the agent (i.e., report revenue on a net basis). Generally, the Company reports revenue for show productions, films distributed, and advertising placed on CSSE properties on a gross basis (the amount billed to our customers is recorded as revenue, and the amount paid to our publishers is recorded as a cost of revenue). The Company is the principal because we control the advertising inventory before it is transferred to our customers. Our control is evidenced by our sole ability to monetize the advertising inventory, being primarily responsible to our customers, having discretion in establishing pricing, or a combination of these factors. The Company also generates revenue through agency relationships in which revenue is reported net of agency commissions and publisher payments in arrangements where we do not own the content or the ad inventory.

No impairment losses have arisen from any CSSE contracts with customers during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Performance obligations

The unit of measure under ASC 606 is a performance obligation, which is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct or series of distinct goods or services to a customer. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Our contracts have either a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and is, therefore, not distinct, or have multiple performance obligations, most commonly due to the contract covering multiple service offerings. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the contract’s transaction price can generally be readily allocated to each performance obligation based upon the selling price of each distinct service in the contract. In cases where estimates are needed to allocate the transaction price, we use historical experience and projections based on currently available information.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Contract balances

Contract balances include the following:

  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Accounts receivable, net $13,498,711  $23,266,611 
Contract assets (included in accounts receivable)  11,273,313   11,394,508 
Total accounts receivable, net $24,772,024  $34,661,119 
         
Deferred revenue (included in other liabilities) $1,018,383  $ 

Contract assets are primarily comprised of contract obligations that are generally satisfied over time under the terms of our contracts with customers and are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to payment becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities relate to advance consideration received from customers under the terms of our contracts primarily related to cash payments received in advance of satisfaction of the contractual performance obligation. We generally receive payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules and arrangements.

Contract receivables are recognized in the period the Company performs the agreed upon performance obligations and the Company’s right to consideration becomes unconditional. Payment terms vary by the type and location of our customer and the products or services provided. Payment terms for amounts invoiced are typically net 30 or 60 days. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.

A contract asset results when goods or services have been transferred to the customer, but payment is contingent upon a future event, other than the passage of time (i.e. type of unbilled receivable). Given the nature of our business from time to time we engage with customers for terms that include minimum guarantees which are contractual obligations for payment over a period of time that may extend past one year at a variable rate of payment – based on sales or collections. These minimum guarantees are generally collectible via royalty payments at an agreed rate which are collected on a monthly or quarterly basis. Contractual arrangements containing minimum guarantees are evaluated on a contract by contract basis for the need for present value treatment. As of the financial statement date no material arrangements requiring financing treatment have been identified.

The Company records deferred revenues (also referred to as contract liabilities under Topic 606) when cash payments are received or due in advance of our satisfying our performance obligations. Our deferred revenue balance primarily relates to advance payments received related to our content distribution rights agreements and our production sponsorship arrangements. These contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as the related performance obligations are satisfied. No significant changes in the timeframe of the satisfaction of contract liabilities have occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Arrangements with multiple performance obligations

In contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company identifies each performance obligation and evaluates whether the performance obligations are distinct within the context of the contract at contract inception. When multiple performance obligations are identified, we identify how control transfers to the customer for each distinct contract obligation and determine the period when the obligations are satisfied. If obligations are satisfied in the same period, no allocation of revenue is deemed to be necessary. In the event performance obligations within a bundled contract do not run concurrently, we allocate revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. We generally determine standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers or by using expected cost-plus margins. Performance obligations that are not distinct at contract inception are combined.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Practical expedients

The Company has elected to use the practical expedient under the relevant accounting guidance to omit disclosure of remaining (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations as the related contracts have an original expected duration of one year or less.

The Company has elected to use the practical expedient under the relevant accounting guidance to expense sales commissions as incurred because the amortization period is generally one year or less. These commission costs are recorded within Selling, general and administrative expenses. 

Note 6 – Share-Based Compensation

Effective January 1, 2017, the Company adopted the 2017 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) to attract and retain certain employees. The Plan provides for the issuance of up to 1,250,000 common stock equivalents subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan. The Plan generally provides for quarterly and bi-annual vesting over terms ranging from two to three years. The Company accounts for the Plan as an equity plan.

The Company recognizes stock options granted under the Plan at fair value determined by applying the Black Scholes options pricing model to the grant date market value of the underlying common shares of the Company.

The compensation expense associated with stock options is amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective vesting periods. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $230,123 and $236,351, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $641,731 and $677,295, respectively, of non-cash share-based compensation expense relating to stock options in selling, general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Stock options activity as of September 30, 2020 is as follows: 

     Weighted    
     Weighted  Average    
     Average  Remaining  Aggregate 
  Number of  Exercise  Contract  Intrinsic 
  Stock Options  Price  Term (Yrs.)  Value 
Outstanding at December 31, 2019  1,032,500  $7.73   3.33  $576,000 
Granted  30,000   8.73         
Forfeited              
Exercised  (10,000)  7.50         
Expired              
Outstanding at September 30, 2020  1,052,500  $7.76   2.73  $7,021,325 
                 
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2020  834,167  $7.57   2.08  $5,725,583 

As of September 30, 2020 the Company had unrecognized pre-tax compensation expense of $916,770 related to non-vested stock options under the Plan of which $189,537, $625,147 and $102,086 will be recognized in 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

We used the following weighted average assumptions to estimate the fair value of stock options granted for the periods presented as follows:

  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
Weighted Average Assumptions: 2020  2019 
Expected dividend yield  0.0%  0.0%
Expected equity volatility  56.1%  56.1%
Expected term (years)  5   5 
Risk-free interest rate  2.20%  2.22%
Exercise price per stock option $7.76  $7.73 
Market price per share $7.32  $7.27 
Weighted average fair value per stock option $3.54  $3.51 

The risk-free rates are based on the implied yield available on US Treasury constant maturities with remaining terms equivalent to the respective expected terms of the options.

The Company estimates expected terms for stock options awarded to employees using the simplified method in accordance with ASC 718, Stock Compensation, because the Company does not have sufficient relevant information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns. The Company estimates the expected term for stock options using the contractual term. Expected volatility is calculated based on the Company’s peer group because the Company does not have sufficient historical data and will continue to use peer group volatility information until historical volatility of the Company is available to measure expected volatility for future grants.

The Company also awards common stock under the Plan to directors, employees and third-party consultants that provide services to the Company. The value is based on the market price of the stock on the date granted and amortized over the vesting period. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized non-cash share-based compensation expense relating to stock grants of $116,650 and $66,854, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized non-cash share-based compensation expense relating to stock grants of $179,150 and $116,854, respectively.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 7 - Earnings Per Share

Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of outstanding common stock equivalents is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. 

Basic and diluted earnings per share are computed as follows: 

  Three Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  2019 
Net loss available to common stockholders $(13,049,700) $(13,323,775)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding  12,508,643   11,994,112 
Effect of dilutive securities:        
Assumed issuance of shares from exercise of stock options(a)      
Assumed issuance of shares from exercise of warrants(a)      
         
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding(a)  12,508,643   11,994,112 
         
Loss per share:        
Basic and diluted $(1.04) $(1.11)

(a)   For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, common stock equivalents totaling 942,336 and 325,790, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because their effect is anti-dilutive.

  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  2019 
Net loss available to common stockholders $(34,487,207) $(22,616,589)
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding  12,174,779   11,983,136 
Effect of dilutive securities:        
Assumed issuance of shares from exercise of stock options(a)      
Assumed issuance of shares from exercise of warrants(a)      
         
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding(a)  12,174,779   11,983,136 
         
Loss per share:        
Basic and diluted $(2.83) $(1.89)

(a)For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, common stock equivalents totaling 344,419 and 248,857, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because their effect is anti-dilutive.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 8 – Programming Costs

Programming costs and rights, consists of the following: 

  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Programming costs released $22,344,720  $21,254,720 
In production     991,277 
In development  7,588,805   1,896,209 
Accumulated depreciation  (9,758,353)  (9,682,935)
Programming costs, net  20,175,172   14,459,271 
         
Programming rights  1,169,362   1,155,364 
Accumulated depreciation  (642,129)  (501,061)
Programming rights, net  527,233   654,303 
         
Total $20,702,405  $15,113,574 

Programming costs consists primarily of episodic television programs which are available for distribution through a variety of platforms, including Crackle. Amounts capitalized include development costs, production costs and direct production dedicated employee salaries. 

Costs to create episodic programming are amortized in the proportion that revenues bear to management’s estimates of the ultimate revenues expected to be recognized from various forms of exploitation. 

Amortization expense related to episodic television programs was $11,667 and $25,816 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $75,418 and $122,253 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not record any impairments related to our programming costs. 

Programming rights consists of licenses to various titles which the company makes available for streaming on Crackle for an agreed upon license period.   

Amortization expense related to programming rights was $39,426 and $155,263 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $141,068 and $328,797 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 

Note 9 – Film Library

Film library costs, net of amortization, consists of the following: 

  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Acquisition costs $71,680,347  $51,270,615 
Accumulated amortization  (34,802,151)  (18,020,466)
Net film library costs $36,878,196  $33,250,149 


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Film library consists primarily of the cost of acquiring film distribution rights and related acquisition and accrued participation costs. Costs related to film distribution rights are amortized in the proportion that revenues bear to management’s estimates of the ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from various forms of exploitation.

Film library amortization expense was $7,981,212 and $1,214,610 for the September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $16,781,685 and $3,475,471 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.  

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not record any impairments related to our film library.

Note 10 - Intangible Assets

Indefinite lived intangible assets, consists of the following:

  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Intangible asset - video content license $5,000,000  $5,000,000 
Popcornflix film rights and other assets  7,163,943   7,163,943 
  $12,163,943  $12,163,943 

Intangible assets, net, consists of the following:

  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Acquired customer base, net $1,316,889  $1,660,425 
Non-compete agreement, net  154,632   287,175 
Website development, net  162,194   259,510 
Crackle Plus customer user base, net     11,259,653 
Crackle Plus content rights, net  925,313   1,352,381 
Crackle brand value, net  15,112,771   17,127,807 
Crackle Plus partner agreements, net  2,904,143   3,505,000 
  $20,575,942  $35,451,951 

Amortization expense was $4,517,115 and $4,681,030 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $14,876,009 and $5,587,663 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of September 30, 2020 amortization expense for the next 5 years is expected be:

Remainder of 2020 $1,205,452 
2021  4,755,536 
2022  4,159,440 
2023  3,774,138 
2024  2,987,143 
Thereafter  3,694,233 
Total $20,575,942 

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Goodwill consists of the following:

  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Goodwill: Pivotshare $1,300,319  $1,300,319 
Goodwill: A Plus  1,236,760   1,236,760 
Goodwill: Crackle Plus  18,911,027   18,911,027 
  $21,448,106  $21,448,106 

There was no impairment recorded related to goodwill and intangible assets in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Note 11 – Debt

Commercial Loan

On August 22, 2019, the Company, entered into an amended and restated loan agreement with Patriot Bank, N.A. Under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement, the Company’s outstanding $5,000,000 term loan and $3,500,000 line of credit were consolidated and combined into a term loan in the principal amount of $16,000,000 (the “Commercial Loan”). As a result, the Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $350,691 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

The Commercial Loan was evidenced by a consolidated, amended and restated term promissory note (“Note”). Subject to the terms of the Note, the Commercial Loan bore interest, payable monthly in arrears, at a fixed rate of 5.75% per annum. (which amount increased to 6.25% in March 2020 due to our failure to maintain a minimum cash deposit with Patriot Bank, N.A.) and had a maturity date of  September 1, 2024.

On June 19, 2020, the Company and Patriot Bank, N.A. entered into an amendment and waiver, pursuant to which Patriot Bank waived certain defaults under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement. The Company agreed to furnish certain financial reports to Patriot Bank and Patriot Bank acknowledged the Company’s intention to consummate an underwritten public offering of bonds and use a portion of the proceeds of such offering to repay in full the outstanding obligations under the Amended and Restated Loan Agreement.

On July 17, 2020, the Company repaid the entirety of the principal outstanding under the Commercial Loan of $13,333,333.

Revolving Credit Facility

On October 11, 2019, the Company created a majority owned subsidiary Landmark Studio Group. Through Landmark Studio Group, the Company entered into a Revolving Credit Facility (“Revolving Credit Facility”) with Cole Investments VII, LLC. The Revolving Credit Facility consists of a line of credit in the amount of $5,000,000 and bears interest of 8% per annum.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

On July 23, 2020, the Company repaid $2,500,000 of the principal outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. The outstanding principal is repayable in full on October 11, 2021. At the option of the lender, the loan is repayable in cash or additional equity in the subsidiary.

9.50% Notes Due 2025

On July 17, 2020, the Company completed a public offering of 9.50% Notes due 2025 (the “Notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of $21,000,000.  On August 5, 2020, the Company sold an additional $1,100,000 of Notes pursuant to the partial exercise of the overallotment option. The Notes bear interest at 9.50% per annum, payable every March 31, June 30, September 30, and December 31, and at maturity, beginning September 30, 2020. The Notes mature on July 31, 2025.

The sale of the Notes resulted in net proceeds of approximately $20,995,000 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $1,105,000. The Company used $13,333,333 of the net proceeds to repay the outstanding principal under the Commercial Loan.

Film Acquisition Advance

On August 27, 2020, the Company entered into a Film Acquisition Advance Agreement with Great Point Media Limited (“GPM”). GPM advanced to the Company $10,210,000 of acquisition advances on August 28, 2020 (the “Acquisition Advance”) and may, directly, or through affiliated entities, fund additional acquisition advances in the future. Pursuant to the agreement, GPM has formed a US-based special purpose vehicle (the “SPV”), which has been assigned the territorial licenses and distribution rights in certain films and productions owned or to be acquired by Screen Media Ventures Inc., CSSE’s wholly owned subsidiary.  The Company will pay the SPV on a quarterly basis adjusted gross receipts generated on each of the assigned productions during the two year term of the agreement, until the SPV has recouped the full Acquisition Advance for each of the productions together with interest and additional participation amounts on gross receipts generated by the productions. The Acquisition Advance bears interest at 10% per annum compounded monthly on the amount outstanding. In the event the SPV has not recouped the full Acquisition Advance from gross receipts generated within the two year contractual term, the Company shall pay the remaining balance outstanding, if any, by no later than November 30, 2022.

Long-term debt for the periods presented was as follows:

  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Commercial Loan $  $15,200,000 
Notes due 2025  22,100,000    
Revolving Credit Facility  2,500,000   5,000,000 
Film acquisition advance  10,210,000    
Total debt  34,810,000   20,200,000 
Less: debt issuance costs  1,059,401   189,525 
Less: current portion     3,200,000 
Total long-term debt $33,750,599  $16,810,475 

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

As of September 30, 2020, the expected aggregate maturities of debt for each of the next five years are as follows:

    
    
Remainder of 2020 $ 
2021  2,500,000 
2022  10,210,000 
2023   
2024   
Thereafter  22,100,000 
  $34,810,000 

Note 12 – Income Taxes

The Company’s current and deferred income tax provision (benefit) are as follows:

             
  Three Months Ended September 30,  Nine Months Ended September 30, 
  2020  2019  2020  2019 
Current provision (benefit):                
States $26,000  $(5,000)  93,000   105,000 
Total current provision  26,000   (5,000)  93,000   105,000 
Deferred provision:                
Federal     923,000      333,000 
States     330,000      119,000 
Total deferred provision     1,253,000      452,000 
Total provision for income taxes $26,000  $1,248,000  $93,000  $557,000 

Deferred income taxes reflect the temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, adjusted by the relevant tax rate. The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

       
  September 30,  December 31, 
  2020  2019 
Deferred tax assets:        
Net operating loss carry-forwards $13,352,000  $9,680,000 
Acquisition-related costs  723,000   723,000 
Film library and other intangibles  7,406,000   3,769,000 
Deferred state taxes  34,000   34,000 
Less: valuation allowance  (18,566,000)  (11,243,000)
Total deferred tax assets  2,949,000   2,963,000 
Deferred tax liabilities:        
Programming costs  2,831,000   2,820,000 
Other assets  118,000   143,000 
Total deferred tax liabilities  2,949,000   2,963,000 
Net deferred tax asset $  $ 

The Company and its subsidiaries have combined net operating losses of approximately $49,591,000, $10,845,000 of which were incurred before 2018 and expire between 2031 and 2037 with the balance of $38,746,000 having no expiration under changes made by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act but may only be utilized generally to offset only 80 percent of taxable income. The ultimate realization of the tax benefit from net operating losses is dependent upon future taxable income, if any, of the Company.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Internal Revenue Code Section 382 imposes limitations on the use of net operating loss carryovers when the stock ownership of one or more 5% stockholders (stockholders owning 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding capital stock) has increased by more than 50 percentage points. Additionally the separate-return-limitation-year (SRLY) rules that apply to consolidated returns may limit the utilization of losses in a given year when consolidated tax returns are filed. Management has determined that because of a recent history of recurring losses, the ultimate realization of the net operating loss carryovers is not assured and has recorded a full valuation allowance. Public trading of company stock poses a risk of an ownership change beyond the control of the Company that could trigger a limitation of the use of the loss carryover.

The deferred tax asset valuation allowance increased by $2,920,000 and $5,290,000 in the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The deferred tax asset valuation allowance increased by $7,323,000 and $5,394,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively..

Note 13 – Related Party Transactions

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company is owed $6,081,324 and $7,642,432, respectively, from affiliated companies - primarily CSS. The Company is part of CSS’s central cash management system whereby payroll and benefits are administered by CSS and the related expenses are charged to its subsidiaries and funds are transferred between affiliates to fulfill joint liquidity needs and business initiatives. Advances and repayments occur periodically. The Company and CSS do not charge interest on the net advances.

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded management and license fees of $1,936,175 and $1,676,303, respectively, and $4,612,636 and $3,091,093 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, payable to CSS.

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Leases

The Company is obligated under non-cancellable lease agreements for certain facilities and services, which frequently include renewal options and escalation clauses. For leases that contain predetermined fixed escalations, we recognize the related rent expense on a straight-line basis and record the difference between the recognized rent expense and amounts payable under the lease as lease obligations. Lease obligations due within one year are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. These leases expire at various points through 2031.

During May 2020, a technology platform vendor discontinued operations prior to the completion of the contractual service period. As a result, the Company was relieved of its multi-year commitment which extended through May 2022 of approximately $9,800,000. This commitment relief has been reflected in the below future minimum payments table.  

Rent expense related to these leases was $399,711 and $107,303 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1,314,019 and $340,421 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Content Obligations

Content obligations include amounts related to the acquisition, licensing and production of content. An obligation for the acquisition and licensing of content is incurred at the time we enter into an agreement to obtain future titles. Once a title is delivered, accepted and becomes available for exploitation, a content liability is recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.  

As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $23,503,285 of content obligations, comprised of $10,609,186 in film library acquisition obligations and $12,894,099 in accrued participation costs.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $10,087,112 of content obligations, comprised of $5,020,600 in film library acquisition obligations and $5,066,512 in accrued participation costs.

In the ordinary course of business, the Company from time to time enters into contractual arrangements under which it agrees to commitments with producers and other content providers for the acquisition of content and distribution rights which are in production or have not yet been completed, delivered to, and accepted by the Company ready for exploitation.  Based on those contractual arrangements, the Company is committed but is not contractually liable to transfer any financial consideration until final delivery and acceptance has occurred.  These commitments which are expected to be fulfilled in the normal course of business have been included below.  The Company does not include any estimated obligation for these future titles beyond the known minimum amount.

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases and content agreements as of September 30, 2020 were as follows:

Remainder of 2020  1,555,468 
2021  7,390,120 
2022  7,083,085 
2023  1,269,773 
2024  1,295,168 
2025 - 2031  8,862,909 
Total minimum lease payments $27,456,523 

Legal and Other Matters

The Company is not presently a party to any legal proceedings the resolution of which the Company believes would have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, operating results, or cash flows. However, legal proceedings are subject to inherent uncertainties, and an unfavorable outcome could include monetary damages, and excessive verdicts can result from litigation, and as such, could result in a material adverse impact on its business, financial position, results of operations, and /or cash flows. Additionally, although the Company has specific insurance for certain potential risks, the Company may in the future incur judgments or enter into settlements of claims which may have a material adverse impact on its business, financial condition, or results of operations.  


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 15 – Equity

Subsidiary convertible preferred stock

The subsidiary convertible preferred stock represents the equity attributable to the noncontrolling interest holder as a part of the Crackle Plus business combination. Given the terms of the transaction, the noncontrolling interest holder has the right to convert its Preferred Units in the Crackle Plus joint venture into Common Units representing common ownership of 49% in the Crackle Plus joint venture or into Series A Preferred Stock in the Company. Based on the terms of the transaction agreement, the noncontrolling interest in the Crackle Plus joint venture is convertible into equity.

Noncontrolling interest

The noncontrolling interest represents a 1% equity interest in the consolidated subsidiary Crackle Plus. The noncontrolling interest is presented as a component of equity and the proportionate share of net income (loss) attributed to the noncontrolling interest is recorded in results of operations. Changes in noncontrolling interest that does not result in a loss of control are accounted for in equity. Gains and losses from the changes in the noncontrolling interest that result in a loss of control are recorded in results of operations.

Note 16 – Segment Reporting and Geographic Information

The Company’s reportable segment has been determined based on the distinct nature of its operations, the Company’s internal management structure, and the financial information that is evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company operates in one reportable segment, across two operations areas, the distribution and  production of video content for sale to others and for use on our owned and operated video on demand platforms. We have a presence in over 56 countries and territories worldwide and intend to continue to sell our video content internationally.

Net revenue generated in the United States accounted for approximately 99% of total net revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Remaining net revenue was generated in the rest of the world. Long-lived assets are 100% based in the United States.

Note 17 – Subsequent Events

Management has evaluated events occurring between the end of the period, September 30, 2020 and November 11, 2020 and noted no subsequent events requiring financial statement disclosure.


Report of Independent Auditors

To the Management of Crackle U.S. (a business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Crackle U.S. (a business of Sony Pictures Entertainment), which comprise the balance sheets as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, and the related statements of operations, of changes in net parent investment, and of cash flows for the years then ended.

Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditors’ Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the Company's preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Crackle U.S. (a business of Sony Pictures Entertainment) as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Los Angeles, California

July 30, 2019


Crackle U.S.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Carve-Out Balance Sheets

     March 31,  March 31, 
  Notes  2019  2018 
Assets            
Current assets:            
Accounts receivable net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $496,122 and $410,114, respectively     $17,086,178  $24,189,939 
Current programming rights, net      2,516,101   1,896,679 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets      1,562,767   207,075 
Total current assets      21,165,046   26,293,693 
Non-current programming rights      8,500,120   4,405,324 
Equipment, net  3   8,687   24,298 
Goodwill, net  5   49,017,709   57,817,709 
Total assets     $78,691,562  $88,541,024 
             
Liabilities and Net Parent investment            
Current liabilities:            
Accounts payable     $1,335,957  $1,383,558 
Due to related parties  10   15,730,915   18,252,344 
Representation fees payable      1,018,603   - 
Accrued expenses  6   7,547,653   10,144,358 
Current programming obligations      670,907   1,412,843 
Total current liabilities      26,304,035   31,193,103 
Non-current programming obligations      502,500   - 
Total liabilities      26,806,535   31,193,103 
Commitments and contingencies  9         
Net Parent investment      51,885,027   57,347,921 
Total Net Parent investment      51,885,027   57,347,921 
Total liabilities and Net Parent investment     $78,691,562  $88,541,024 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Carve-Out Financial Statements.

F-62

Crackle U.S.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Carve-Out Statements of Operations

     

Years ended

March 31,

 
  Notes  2019  2018 
Revenues  3, 4         
Direct advertisement     $20,516,085  $29,717,107 
Reseller advertisement      14,503,685   12,636,509 
Advertisement representation      28,451,842   47,291,738 
Other      2,312,696   143,350 
Total revenues      65,784,308   89,788,704 
Cost of sales      65,558,710   76,837,932 
Gross profit      225,598   12,950,772 
Operating expenses            
Selling, general and administrative  2   44,357,634   56,308,419 
Goodwill impairment  5   8,800,000   - 
Total operating expenses      53,157,634   56,308,419 
Operating loss      (52,932,036)  (43,357,647)
Loss before income taxes      (52,932,036)  (43,357,647)
Income tax (provision) benefit  8   -   - 
Net loss     $(52,932,036) $(43,357,647)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Carve-Out Financial Statements.

F-63

Crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Carve-Out Statements of Changes in Net Parent Investment

  Total Net Parent
Investment
 
Balance as of March 31, 2017 $58,913,158 
Net loss  (43,357,647)
Net transfers from Parent  41,792,410 
Balance as of March 31, 2018  57,347,921 
Net loss  (52,932,036)
Net transfers from Parent  47,469,142 
Balance as of March 31, 2019 $51,885,027 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Carve-Out Financial Statements.

F-64

crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Carve-Out Statements of Cash Flows

  

Years ended

March 31,

 
  2019  2018 
Cash flows from operating activities        
Net loss $(52,932,036) $(43,357,647)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:        
Depreciation and Amortization  17,755,225   15,189,901 
Goodwill impairment  8,800,000   - 
Provisions for bad debt  96,671   605,798 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:        
(Increases) decreases in:        
Accounts receivable, net  7,007,090   (6,678,836)
Current programming rights, net  (18,346,007)  (13,031,256)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets  (1,355,692)  179,261 
Non-current programming rights  (4,094,796)  (256,249)
Increases (decreases) in:        
Accounts payable  (47,601)  861,231 
Due to related parties  (2,521,429)  2,052,936 
Representation fees payable  1,018,603   - 
Accrued expenses  (2,596,705)  1,229,608 
Current programming obligations  (741,936)  1,412,843 
Non-current programming obligations  502,500   - 
Net cash used in operating activities  (47,456,113)  (41,792,410)
         
Investing activities:        
Capital expenditures  (13,029)  - 
Net cash used in investing activities  (13,029)  - 
         
Financing activities:        
Net transfers from Parent  47,469,142   41,792,410 
Net cash provided by financing activities  47,469,142   41,792,410 
         
Net change in cash and cash equivalents  -   - 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period  -   - 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period  -   - 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Carve-Out Financial Statements.

F-65

crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

(1)Nature of operations and background

Crackle U.S. (the “Company”) is an advertiser-supported video on demand (“AVOD”) business based in Culver City, California. The Company allows its users to view premium video content, such as TV shows and feature films, through its online platform across a variety of internet-connected digital devices including mobile, tablet, smart TV, desktop and console. Users have unlimited access to stream content from the Company’s content library without a subscription or usage fee. The Company primarily generates revenues from placing advertisements on its platform through direct and reseller channels, and on behalf of its advertisement representation partners.

The Company commenced operations in 2004 as an online video company called Grouper Networks Inc (“Grouper”). In August 2006, Grouper was acquired by CPE Holdings, Inc. (“CPEH”), a Delaware corporation and subsidiary of Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (the “Parent” or “SPE”), in an all cash transaction. The business was then rebranded and commenced operations as a wholly owned subsidiary called Crackle, Inc. (the “Subsidiary”).

On March 27, 2019, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc. (“CSSE”), a media company headquartered in Connecticut, CPEH, and the Subsidiary entered into a definitive agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”) to form a joint venture entity (the “Transaction”). The newly formed joint venture is operating as a Delaware limited liability company called Crackle Plus, LLC (“Crackle Plus”).

Pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, the Subsidiary and its affiliates contributed certain U.S. and Canadian assets and liabilities of the Company to the joint venture in exchange for equity interests in CSSE and Crackle Plus. Upon consummation, the Subsidiary received 37,000 units of preferred equity and 1,000 units of common equity of Crackle Plus. During the six month period following the first anniversary of the consummation of the Transaction (the “Exercise Period”), the Subsidiary has the right to convert all of its preferred units in Crackle Plus into a number of common units that, when added to the common units in Crackle Plus then held by the Subsidiary, will provide the Subsidiary with a 49% ownership interest in Crackle Plus on a fully diluted basis (the “Conversion Right”). In lieu of exercising the Conversion Right, during the Exercise Period, the Subsidiary has the right to require CSSE to purchase all of the Subsidiary’s interest in Crackle Plus through the issuance of CSSE’s 9.75% Series A Perpetual Preferred Shares (“CSSE Preferred Shares”) or, at CSSE’s election, an amount of cash based on the number of CSSE Preferred Shares that would have been issued using a price per share of $25. Further, CPEH received warrants to purchase (a) 800,000 shares of the Class A common stock of CSSE at an exercise price of $8.13 per share, (b) warrants to purchase 1,200,000 shares of the Class A common stock of CSSE at an exercise price of $9.67 per share, (c) warrants to purchase 380,000 shares of the Class A common stock of CSSE at an exercise price of $11.61 per share, and (d) warrants to purchase 1,620,000 shares of the Class A common stock of CSSE at an exercise price of $11.61 per share (collectively, the “Transaction Consideration”).

The Transaction was consummated on May 14, 2019 (“Closing”). Upon Closing, the Company and CSSE entered into an amended and restated operating agreement (the “JV Operating Agreement”).


crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

(2)Basis of presentation

The Carve-Out Financial Statements of the Company are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

Throughout the periods covered by the Carve-Out Financial Statements, the Company did not operate as a separate stand-alone entity but, rather as a business of the Parent. Consequently, stand-alone financial statements were not historically prepared for the Company. The Carve-Out Financial Statements have been prepared in connection with the Transaction, and are derived from the accounting records of the Parent using the historical results of operations and the historical bases of assets and liabilities of the Company, adjusted as necessary to conform to U.S. GAAP. The Carve-Out Financial Statements present the assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses directly attributed to the Company as well as certain allocations from the Parent. Intercompany balances and transactions between the Company and the Parent have been presented in Net Parent investment within the Carve-Out Balance Sheets. The Parent’s debt and the related interest expense have not been allocated and reflected within the Carve-Out Financial Statements as the Company is not the legal obligor of the debt and the Parent’s borrowings were not directly attributable to the Company’s business. The Carve-Out Financial Statements may, therefore, not reflect the results of operations, financial position or cash flows that would have resulted had the Company been operated as a separate entity.

Cash management

Cash is not included within the Carve-Out Balance Sheets as the Company historically received funding to cover any shortfalls on operating cash requirements through a centralized treasury function of the Parent. Given the Company became a part of a newly formed joint venture on May 14, 2019, the Parent no longer has a controlling financial interest in the Company and therefore, financial support is no longer needed from Parent.

Net Parent investment

As the Carve-Out Financial Statements are derived from the historical records of the Parent, the historical equity accounts are eliminated and Net Parent investment is presented in lieu of shareholders’ equity on the Carve-Out Balance Sheets. The primary components of the Net Parent investment are intercompany balances other than related party payables and the allocation of shared costs.

Cost allocation and attribution

The Carve-Out Statements of Operations include all costs directly attributable to the Company, as well as costs for certain functions and services used by the Company that have been allocated from the Parent and affiliates. Costs were allocated to the financial statements for certain operating, selling, governance and corporate functions such as direct labor, overhead, sales and marketing, administration, legal and information technology. The costs for these services and support functions were allocated to the Company using either specific identification or a pro-rata allocation using revenues or other drivers. Management believes the methodology for cost allocations is a reasonable reflection of common expenses incurred by the Parent and affiliates on the Company’s behalf.

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the Company had $19,155,271 of total allocated and directly attributable costs, of which $5,564,052 were included in Cost of sales and $13,591,219 in Selling, general and administrative within the Carve-Out Statements of Operations.


crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Company had $18,618,648 of total allocated and directly attributable costs, of which $4,889,616 were included in Cost of sales and $13,729,032 in Selling, general and administrative within the Carve-Out Statements of Operations.

(3)Summary of significant accounting policies

a)Use of estimates

The Carve-Out Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Carve-Out Balance Sheets and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates and assumptions include those used in determining the fair value of the Company for goodwill impairment, revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, programming rights and obligations, valuation of deferred tax assets, and corporate allocations. Actual results may differ from those estimates.

b)Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from contracts with Customers, which superseded the previous revenue recognition requirements. The new guidance, along with related amendments, requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The Company elected to early adopt the new revenue recognition standard on April 1, 2017 using the modified retrospective approach to all contracts at the date of adoption. Management performed an assessment and determined that the cumulative effect of adopting this standard was not material to the Carve-Out Financial Statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplified the analysis for goodwill impairment. This ASU eliminated the second step from the goodwill impairment test. Instead, an entity performs its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. The Company elected to early adopt this ASU beginning March 31, 2017 and eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment tests performed starting fiscal year 2017.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which amended the previous leasing guidance. The new guidance, along with related amendments, requires substantially all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. This ASU will be effective for the Company beginning April 1, 2020, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this standard.

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-02, Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials, which updates the guidance for the capitalization of film costs associated with episodic television series, requires the use of fair value rather than net realizable value when determining potential impairments of broadcasting rights, and modifies the presentation and disclosure requirements for films and broadcasting rights. In addition, upon capitalization of film costs entities are required to determine qualitatively whether the predominant monetization strategy is on a title-by-title basis or together with other films and/or broadcast rights as part of a film group, such as in the case of a release of a film as part of a library of content on a streaming service. In the case of a film group, impairments are evaluated at the overall film group level rather than the individual title level. This ASU will be for the Company beginning April 1, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting this standard.

F-68

crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

c)Revenue recognition

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services.

The Company primarily generates revenues through the following advertising arrangements.

·Direct advertisement revenues are generated from arrangements whereby ad inventory on its AVOD platform are primarily sold directly to ad agencies representing an advertiser. The Company earns revenues on a cost-per-mille basis (“CPM basis”) as ad impressions are run on the inventory sold to ad agencies. The Company considers the ad agency to be its customer in these transactions and revenue is presented as the gross receipts from the agencies.

·Reseller advertisement revenues are generated through the sale of ad inventory on the AVOD platform to non-exclusive resellers. The Company earns revenues on a CPM basis as ad impressions are run on the ad inventory made available to resellers. The Company has determined that the resellers generally control the ad inventory prior to its transfer to the end advertiser, as evidenced by their ability to select their own customers and establish pricing through separately executed contracts to which the Company lacks visibility. Accordingly, the Company considers the reseller to be the customer in these transactions and revenue is presented as the gross receipts from the resellers.

·Advertisement representation revenues are generated by selling ad inventory on behalf of affiliated and third party over-the-top platforms (collectively, "Ad Rep Partners"). The Company earns revenues as placed advertisements are run on the available ad inventory of its Ad Rep Partners. The Company collects on an invoice and remits a portion due to the Ad Rep Partners derived as a percentage of the total consideration invoiced, measured on a CPM basis, to the end advertiser. While the Company sells ad inventory on behalf of the Ad Rep Partner platforms, the Company has determined that it acts as the principal in the arrangement as it controls the ad inventory prior to its transfer to the end advertiser. Control is evidenced through the Company’s ability to choose the advertiser, the ultimate responsibility to fulfill the ad inventory and ability to set pricing. Accordingly, advertising representation revenues are presented as the gross receipts from advertisers and the amount remitted to the Ad Rep Partners are recorded as cost of sales. In addition, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 an advertising representation arrangement with an affiliated platform was terminated, and the Company received consideration for certain ongoing and future advertisements for which the affiliated platform became the principal. The consideration received from the affiliated platform under the terminated arrangement is presented in Other Revenues. Refer to Note 10, Related party transactions for additional information related to the affiliated Ad Rep Partners.

Contracts with customers are generally evidenced through the combination of a master agreement and an insertion order (“IO”). Advertising revenues are recognized over time as a single performance obligation as a series as the ad impressions are delivered per the IO. Contracts with customers are generally short term in nature and billing generally occurs on a monthly basis as monthly activity is reported. Customers are generally billed in arrears with payment due in 30 days.


crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

d)Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable is recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company monitors the collection of receivables and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the aging of such receivables and specific collection issues that may be identified. When receivables are deemed to be uncollectible, amounts are written off to bad debt expense.

e)Equipment

Equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Equipment is depreciated on the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 3 years. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

f)Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business acquisition. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, and between annual tests if an event occurs and circumstances change that will more likely than not reduce the fair value of the goodwill below its carrying value. The Company has a single reporting unit, and tests goodwill based on a comparison of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit with the carrying amount for the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. The Company uses valuation models with significant unobservable inputs and assumptions to determine the current fair value of its reporting unit.

g)Programming rights and obligations

Programming rights acquired under license agreements are recorded as an asset and a corresponding liability upon commencement of the license period. The programming rights are presented at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated net realizable value on a program by program basis, and amortized over the license period using a straight line method beginning with the first month of availability. Programming rights expected to be amortized within one year are classified as current within the Carve-Out Balance Sheets. The amortization expense is included in Cost of sales within the Carve-Out Statements of Operations.

Programming obligations represent the gross commitment amounts to be paid to program suppliers over the life of the contracts. Payments for programming obligations, which are due within one year, are classified as current within the Carve-Out Balance Sheets.


crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

h)Fair value measurements

Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The framework for measuring fair value provides a hierarchy that gives the highest priority to observable inputs that reflect market data obtained from independent sources and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs that represent market assumptions.

The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

·Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities.

·Level 2: other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1.

·Level 3: significant unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment.

The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments including accounts receivable, prepaid expenses, accounts payable and accrued expenses as of March 31, 2019 and 2018, approximated their carrying value due to the relative short-term nature of these instruments.

i)Cost of sales

Costs classified as cost of sales relate to the advertisement representation fees earned by the Ad Rep Partners and costs of maintaining the AVOD platform, and include items such as hosting bandwidth costs, website traffic report costs, royalty fees, and music costs. Cost of sales also includes content license fees payable to an affiliate and the amortization expense associated with programming rights.

j)Selling, general and administrative

Costs classified as Selling, general and administrative expenses relate to promoting and selling products and include items such as advertising, marketing expenses, officers’ salaries and personnel expenses.

k)Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense are included within Selling, general and administrative expenses and amounted to $12,439,685 and $24,501,864 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

l)Income taxes

The Company’s operations have historically been included in Parent’s combined U.S. income tax returns. Income tax expense included in the financial statements has been calculated following the separate return method, as if the Company was a stand-alone enterprise and a separate taxpayer for the periods presented. The calculation of income taxes on a separate return basis requires considerable judgment and the use of both estimates and allocations that affect the calculation of certain tax liabilities and the determination of the recoverability of certain deferred tax assets, which arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenues and expenses. As a result, the Company’s deferred income tax rate and deferred tax balances may differ from those in Parent’s historical results.


crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach. Deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. Deferred taxes result from differences between financial statement and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. In evaluating the Company’s ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies, and results of operations. Any tax carryforwards reflected in the financial statements have also been determined using the separate return method. Tax carryforwards include net operating losses.

The complexity of tax regulations requires assessments of uncertainties in estimating taxes the Company will ultimately pay. The Company recognizes liabilities for anticipated tax audit uncertainties based on its estimate of whether, and the extent to which additional taxes would be due on a separate return basis. Tax liabilities are presented net of any related tax loss carryforwards.

(4)Revenues

Contract balances

Contract assets are rights to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer when that right is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Receivables represent an unconditional right to consideration. Contract liabilities arise when consideration is received in advance of providing the goods or services promised in the contract.

The Company generally invoices customers in arrears on a monthly basis in accordance with the number of advertisements placed or impressions delivered during the month. The Company generally invoices customers when the right to consideration becomes unconditional, and as such, the only contract balances the Company recognizes are accounts receivable as presented on the Carve-Out Balance Sheets.

Remaining performance obligations

The Company has elected to use the practical expedient under the relevant accounting guidance to omit disclosure of remaining (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations as the related contracts have an original expected duration of one year or less.

Contract costs

The Company has elected to use the practical expedient under the relevant accounting guidance to expense sales commissions as incurred because the amortization period is generally one year or less. These commission costs are recorded within Selling, general and administrative expenses.


crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

(5)Goodwill, net

Goodwill, net is as follows:

Balance as of March 31, 2017$57,817,709
Accumulated impairment losses-
Additional goodwill recognized-
Impairment losses recognized during the period-
Balance as of March 31, 201857,817,709
Accumulated impairment losses-
Additional goodwill recognized-
Impairment losses recognized during the period(8,800,000)
Balance as of March 31, 2019$49,017,709

Goodwill impairment analysis

As of March 31, 2018, the Company performed its goodwill impairment analysis, which indicated that the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. Therefore, no impairment charge was recorded.

The third quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 saw a continued challenging market environment in which the Company operates. The Company’s operating underperformance versus management expectations in the third quarter, with an expectation that such trends may continue into the fourth quarter, led management to reconsider the Company’s operating model. Concurrently, management opened an exploratory sale process to gauge market interest in the Company. Bids received during this process were lower than management’s fair value expectations. The Company concluded that these factors represented triggering events which required the Company to test its goodwill for impairment. The market-based valuation model used in the test utilized multiples ranging from 0.5x to 1.25x, depending on the source of the Company’s revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 and the forecast through March 31, 2019. The inputs and assumptions utilized in the goodwill impairment analysis for the nine months ended December 31, 2018 are classified as Level 3 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. As a result of the impairment test, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment loss of $4,700,000 during the third quarter ended December 31, 2018.

The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment analysis as of March 31, 2019. The Company’s determination of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit for the goodwill impairment analyses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was based on the Transaction Consideration. The Company believes that this approach is the most reliable indication of fair value as it utilizes the price for the Transaction ultimately entered into during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. This measurement is based on both significant observable inputs classified as Level 1 and unobservable inputs classified as Level 3. The significant inputs and assumptions are as follows:

·The fair value of the CSSE Preferred Shares was determined using the measurement date close price from a public stock exchange.

crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

·The fair value of the warrants was determined using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. The risk free rate was 2.53% and the expected volatility of the underlying stock price was 30%.

As a result of the goodwill impairment test as of March 31, 2019, the Company recorded an additional impairment loss of $4,100,000 for a total goodwill impairment loss for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 of $8,800,000.

(6)Accrued expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following:

  March 31, 
  2019  2018 
Accrued expenses $4,191,641  $4,637,744 
Accrued marketing expenses  1,136,511   3,527,745 
Accrued bonuses  1,930,179   1,518,641 
Other  289,322   460,228 
Total accrued expenses $7,547,653  $10,144,358 

(7)Restructuring charges

As part of its effort to improve the performance of the AVOD business, the Company has undertaken a number of restructuring initiatives. The restructuring activities are generally short term in nature and are generally completed within one year of initiation.

The Company has undergone a headcount reduction program to further reduce operating costs primarily in an effort to improve its performance. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of severance payments totaling $642,320 and $75,090 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The accrued employee termination benefits costs in the table below are included in Accrued expenses within the Carve-Out Balance Sheets and the corresponding expenses are included in Selling, general and administrative within the Carve-Out Statements of Operations.

Employee
termination benefits
Accrual Balance as of March 31, 2017$-
Restructuring charges75,090
Payments(5,090)
Accrual Balance as of March 31, 201870,000
Restructuring charges642,320
Payments(712,320)
Accrual Balance as of March 31, 2019$-

crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

(8)Income tax

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which made substantial changes to corporate income tax laws. Among the key provisions are a U.S. corporate tax rate reduction from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2018; an acceleration of expensing for certain business assets; a one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of cumulative earnings from foreign subsidiaries; and changes to U.S. taxation of foreign earnings from a worldwide to a territorial tax system effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2018. As of March 31, 2019, the Company has recognized the effects of TCJA in the Carve-Out Financial Statements.

During 2017, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $24 million as a result of the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities and other provisions of U.S. tax reform. This was offset by a tax expense of $24 million for the valuation allowance recorded against the net change in deferred tax assets as a result of tax reform.

The components of loss from continuing operations before income taxes for the periods were as follows (in thousands):

  Fiscal Year Ended March  31, 
  2019  2018 
Domestic $(52,932) $(43,358)
Foreign  -   - 
Total loss from continuing operations before income taxes $(52,932) $(43,358)

The principal items of the U.S. and foreign net deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

  Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 
  2019  2018 
Deferred tax assets:        
Net operating losses $68,028  $55,981 
Amortization  9   20 
Accrued expenses  543   425 
Allowance for doubtful accounts and other reserves  139   115 
Less: valuation allowance  (68,716)  (56,534)
Total deferred tax assets  3   7 
Deferred tax liabilities:        
Depreciation  (3)  (7)
Total deferred tax liabilities $(3) $(7)
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $-  $- 

As of March 31, 2019, the Company had U.S. federal net operating loss carry forwards ("Federal NOL") of approximately $243 million, which generated a deferred tax asset of $51 million. Losses generated during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 have indefinite lives but may only offset 80% of taxable income. Currently, the Company records a valuation allowance on its U.S. federal tax loss carry forwards as it is more likely than not that the Federal NOL carry forwards will not be utilized in the future. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had state net operating loss carry forwards ("State NOL") which generated a deferred tax asset of $17 million, offset with a valuation allowance as it is more likely than not that the State NOL carry forwards will not be utilized in the future. In addition, the Company recorded an additional valuation allowance of $0.7 million against its remaining federal and state deferred tax assets.


crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had U.S. Federal NOL carry forwards of approximately $200 million, which generated a deferred tax asset of $42 million. Currently, the Company records a valuation allowance on its U.S. federal tax loss carry forwards as it is more likely than not that the Federal NOL carry forwards will not be utilized in the future. As of March 31, 2018, the Company had State NOL carry forwards which generated a deferred tax asset of $14 million, offset with a valuation allowance as it is more likely than not that the State NOL carry forwards will not be utilized in the future. In addition, the Company recorded an additional valuation allowance of $0.6 million against its remaining federal and state deferred tax assets.

The net operating losses discussed and included in the table above are applicable for the Carve-Out Financial Statements, and do not reflect the actual net operating losses available for future use. These net operating losses were utilized by the Company’s Parent in its consolidated return, and as such, would not exist for the Company’s future use.

In determining valuation allowances, an assessment of positive and negative evidence was performed regarding realization of the net deferred tax assets. This assessment included the evaluation of cumulative earnings and losses in recent years, scheduled reversals of net deferred tax liabilities, the availability of carry forwards and the remaining period of the respective carry forward, future taxable income and any applicable tax-planning strategies that are available.

The significant items in the reconciliation of the statutory and effective income tax rates consisted of the following:

  Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 
  2019  2018 
Statutory federal income tax expense (benefit) rate  21.0%  31.5%
State and local income tax expense, net of federal income tax effect  5.7%  6.1%
Domestic permanent differences  -3.7%  -0.3%
Tax Reform  0.0%  -56.3%
Valuation allowance  -23.0%  19.0%
Effective income tax expense (benefit)  0.0%  0.0%

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not record any tax benefit (expense). This is as a result of the Company recording a valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets.

As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no unrecognized tax benefits.

(9)Commitments and contingencies

Programming obligations

The Company enters into long-term contracts for programming content that cover various periods up to 5 years.


crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

Programming obligations are recognized when the license period begins and the content is available for showing. At March 31, 2019 and 2018, $3,850,243 and $3,675,093 of programming obligations met the recognition criteria, respectively.

As of March 31, 2019, $6,746,725 of obligations are not reflected within the Carve-Out Balance Sheets as they did not yet meet the criteria for recognition. The following is a schedule of future contractual obligations under the Company’s programming obligations as of March 31, 2019:

 

Years ending

March 31,

 Future Contractual
Obligations
 
2020 $3,147,500 
2021  1,354,225 
2022  1,020,000 
2023  525,000 
2024  700,000 
Total $6,746,725 

Litigation and other claims

From time to time, the Company may be subject to certain litigation and other claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Pending settlements and final judgments that are considered probable of being rendered against the Company and that can be reasonably estimated are accrued. At March 31, 2019, there are no pending legal matters that would have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

(10)Related party transactions

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into transactions with related parties. Related parties include entities that share common control or management. The outstanding related party balances presented within the Carve-Out Balance Sheets will be settled following the consummation of the Transaction.

Due to related parties

The Company’s due to related parties’ balances are comprised of the following:

  March 31, 2019  March 31, 2018 
Participation payable $12,970,955  $15,595,412 
Programming Obligations  2,676,836   2,262,250 
Other  83,124   394,682 
Total $15,730,915  $18,252,344 

F-77

crackle u.s.

(A Business of Sony Pictures Entertainment)

Notes to Carve-Out Financial Statements

Participation payable – The revenues earned from the transactions with Sony Interactive and Funimation (collectively the “Sony affiliates”), arise through advertisement sales representation arrangements whereby the Company sells advertisement on behalf of the Sony affiliates. Revenue is recognized as the gross receipts, and the amounts due to the Sony affiliates are recorded as cost of sales in the corresponding period of the revenue recognized. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the gross revenues earned through the ad representation transactions were $28,451,842 and $47,291,738 and the corresponding payable to the Sony affiliates were $22,493,983 and $35,144,108, respectively. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, the consideration received under the terminated advertising representation arrangement included within Other Revenues was $2,027,234.

Programming obligations – Content license fees for the right to use programming owned or developed by Parent are included in this balance.

Other – The fees to place the Crackle application on different Sony affiliated platforms such as Playstation and Sony TV are included in this balance.

Content licensing fees with SPE affiliate

The Company has a revenue share arrangement for content and services acquired from an affiliate. Under this arrangement, the Company has agreed to remit a percentage of the ad revenues generated from advertisements placed during content produced by the affiliate. Revenue is recognized as the gross receipts and the amounts due to the SPE affiliates are recorded as cost of sales in the corresponding period of the revenue recognized.

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the gross revenues earned under this licensing arrangement were $9,839,487 and $6,859,360, respectively, and the portion of the ad revenues to remit to the affiliate were $5,903,692 and $4,115,616, respectively.

(11)Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through July 30, 2019, the date these financial statements were available for issuance, for disclosure or recognition within the Carve-Out Financial Statements as appropriate.

F-78

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

On May 14, 2019, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc. a Delaware corporation (the “Company” ”, or “us”, “our” or similar terms) consummated (the “Closing”) the creation of a joint venture entity to be known as “Crackle Plus” (the “Crackle Transaction”), contemplated by the previously announced Contribution Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2019 (the “Contribution Agreement”) by and among the Company, Crackle Plus, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “JV Entity”), CPE Holdings, Inc. (“CPEH”), a Delaware corporation and affiliate of Sony Pictures Television Inc. (“Sony”), and Crackle, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of CPEH (“Crackle” or “Crackle U.S.”). The Contribution Agreement provides, among other things, for the creation of a new streaming video joint venture to be known as “Crackle Plus” and for the contribution by CPEH and its affiliates of certain U.S. and Canadian assets of the Crackle branded advertising-based video on demand streaming business to the JV Entity and for the contribution by the Company and its affiliates of certain assets of their advertising-based and subscription-based video on demand businesses to the JV Entity.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information was prepared using the acquisition method of accounting (ASC 805 “Business Combinations”), with the Company considered the acquirer of Crackle U.S. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price is allocated to the underlying tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair values at the date of acquisition, with any excess purchase price allocated to goodwill. To date, the Company has completed only a preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Crackle transaction and is in the process of completing a final allocation of such purchase price. The final purchase price allocation may differ from that reflected in the following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information, and these differences may be material.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included herein presents the combination of the historical consolidated financial statements of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment and Crackle U.S. adjusted to give effect to events and circumstances that are (i) directly attributable to the acquisition, (ii) factually supportable and (iii) with respect to the statements of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined company’s results. Specifically, at the time of the consummation of the business combination, the Company has changed the way that Crackle operates by identifying four key areas to reduce costs and improve margins; technology, marketing, content and SG&A. Directly attributable pro forma adjustments consist of:

·The Company worked with Sony to consolidate technology costs onto Sony’s shared platform.
·Upon creation of the JV Entity, technology costs were reduced significantly.
·

Marketing spend was also significantly reduced as the Company excluded Sony’s marketing agreements from transferred assets and will use its owned-and-operated networks and brand related social media to drive growth through cross-promotion.

·Fixed fee content agreements were replaced with revenue sharing agreements between Crackle Plus, the Company and Sony.
·Duplicative roles within the Company’s and Crackle’s operations teams were evaluated, and staff was reduced to streamline operations.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2018 give effect to the Crackle transaction as if the transaction had been consummated on January 1, 2018. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet information at March 31, 2019 has been prepared as if the transaction was consummated as of March 31, 2019.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet and statements of operations were prepared based on the historical: (i) consolidated statements of operations of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment; and (ii) carve-out statements of operations of Crackle U.S.


The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018 were prepared utilizing the Crackle U.S. March 31, 2019 year-end carve-out financial statements. As per SEC FRM 1440 the fiscal year end of Crackle U.S. is within 93 days of the Company fiscal year end of December 31, 2018 and thus no adjustments to conform the year ended March 31, 2019 carve-out financial statements of the Crackle U.S. have been made. Further, the periods combined are comparable because the number of months combined are the same, therefore no adjustment is necessary. Given this combination, the inclusion of the quarter to date period March 31, 2019 of Crackle U.S. in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations presented periods has been duplicated. The duplicative inclusion of this period has not resulted in the inclusion of any unusual charges or adjustments in the prepared and presented unaudited pro forma periods, except for the goodwill impairment expense recorded in the quarter, which we have not deemed to be unusual requiring adjustment. Given the consistent nature of the results of the business and the fair presentation of comparable periods we have deemed it an accurate depiction of the quarter for purposes of the presented unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited historical consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, which have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and the audited historical carve-out financial statements as of and for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 of Crackle U.S., incorporated by reference or included in this Current Report on Form 8-K/A (Exhibit 99.1).

In management’s opinion, all adjustments necessary to reflect the significant effects of the Crackle transaction have been made. These combined financial statements are based on assumptions and estimates considered appropriate by our management; however, they are unaudited and are not necessarily, and should not be assumed to be, an indication of our financial position or results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisitions been completed as of the dates indicated or that may be achieved in the future. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations do not include all of the effects of cost savings that may result from operating efficiencies as a result of the Crackle transaction. The historical financial information has been adjusted in the accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information to give effect to pro forma events that are (1) directly attributable to the Crackle transaction, (2) factually supportable and (3) with respect to the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations, are expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is being provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent what the actual results of operations of Crackle Plus would have been had the Crackle Transaction occurred on the date assumed or any other date, nor is it necessarily indicative of Crackle Plus’s future results of operations for any future period or as of any future date. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is based upon currently available information and estimates and assumptions that the Company’s management believes are reasonable as of the date hereof. Any of the factors underlying these estimates and assumptions may change or prove to be materially different.

The actual amounts recorded as of the closing of the Crackle Transaction may differ materially from the information presented in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information as a result of several factors, including the following:

·completion of final valuation procedures on Crackle U.S.’s net assets, which could result in materially different fair values of acquired assets and liabilities;

·changes in Crackle U.S.’s net assets between the pro forma balance sheet as of March 31, 2019 and the closing of the Transaction, which could impact the estimated fair values as of the consummation of the Crackle Transaction;

·the impact of our streamlining of the combined Crackle Plus operations

F-80

Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet

As of March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

  CSS     Pro Forma  Pro Forma 
  Entertainment  Crackle U.S. (1)  Adjustments  Combined 
ASSETS                
                 
Cash and cash equivalents $3,043,110  $-  $-  $3,043,110 
Restricted cash  750,000         750,000 
Accounts receivable, net  10,305,684   17,086,178      27,391,862 
Prepaid expenses  358,384   1,562,767      1,921,151 
Inventory, net  286,601         286,601 
Current programming rights, net  -   2,516,101      2,516,101 
Goodwill  2,537,079   49,017,709   10,705,069 (A) 62,259,857 
Indefinite lived intangible assets  12,163,943      30,487,527 (A) 42,651,470 
Intangible assets, net  2,780,505      20,974,761 (A) 23,755,266 
Film library, net  27,287,110         27,287,110 
Due from affiliated companies  3,198,936         3,198,936 
Programming costs, net  12,876,296         12,876,296 
Non-current programming rights  -   8,500,120      8,500,120 
Equipment, net  -   8,687   (8,687)(B) - 
Deferred tax asset  917,000         917,000 
Other assets, net  337,362         337,362 
                 
Total assets $76,842,010  $78,691,562  $62,158,670  $217,692,242 
                 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY                
                 
Current maturities of commercial loan $1,000,000         1,000,000 
Current programming obligations  -   670,907      670,907 
Non-current programming obligations  -   502,500      502,500 
Commercial loan and revolving line of credit, net of                
unamortized deferred finance cost of $308,731 and $334,554, respectively  6,347,578          6,347,578 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses  3,860,127   8,883,610   22,896,236 (C) 35,639,973 
Due to related parties  -   15,730,915   (15,730,915)(C) - 
Representation fees payable  -   1,018,603      1,018,603 
Film library acquisition obligations  2,988,850         2,988,850 
Accrued participation costs  1,507,124         1,507,124 
Other liabilities  64,107         64,107 
Deferred revenue  12,938         12,938 
                 
Total liabilities  15,780,724   26,806,535   7,165,321   49,752,580 
                 
Redeemable noncontrolling interest         51,672,531 (D) 51,672,531 
                 
Stockholders' equity                
              
Series A cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock, $.0001 par value, liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 1,058,497 and 918,497 shares issued and outstanding, respectively, redemption value of $26,462,425 and $22,962,425, respectively  106         106 
Class A common stock, $.0001 par value, 70,000,000 shares authorized;                
4,227,740 shares issued, 4,153,505 outstanding  421         421 
Class B common stock, $.0001 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized;                
7,817,238 shares issued and outstanding  782         782 
Net Parent investment  -   51,885,027   (51,885,027)(E) - 
Additional paid-in capital  62,788,256      62,371,166 (E) 125,159,422 
Retained (deficit) earnings  (1,095,550)     (7,165,321)(E) (8,260,871)
Class A common stock held in treasury, at cost (74,235 shares)  (632,729)        (632,729)
                 
Total stockholders' equity  61,061,286   51,885,027   3,320,818   116,267,131 
                 
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders' equity $76,842,010   78,691,562   62,158,670   217,692,242 

(1)Certain reclassifications were made to conform to CSS Entertainments’ financial statement presentation.

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined information.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations

For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
(unaudited)

  CSS     Pro Forma   Pro Forma 
  Entertainment  Crackle U.S. (1)  Adjustments   Combined 
Revenue, net  26,859,519   65,784,308        92,643,827 
Cost of revenue  12,345,590   65,558,710   (29,629,305)(F)  48,274,995 
Gross profit  14,513,929   225,598   29,629,305    44,368,832 
Operating expenses:                 
Selling, general and administrative  10,745,235   44,357,634   (35,943,445)(G)  19,159,424 
Management and license fees  2,666,907   -   6,578,431 (H)  9,245,338 
Total operating expenses  13,412,142   44,357,634   (29,365,014)   28,404,762 
Operating (loss) / income before Amortization  1,101,787   (44,132,036)  58,994,319    15,964,070 
Amortization  326,988   -   4,194,952 (I)  4,521,940 
Operating (loss) / income  774,799   (44,132,036)  54,799,367    11,442,130 
Interest income  39,058   -        39,058 
Interest expense  (388,036)  -   -    (388,036)
Acquisition-related costs  (396,793)  -   -    (396,793)
Goodwill impairment expense      (8,800,000)  -    (8,800,000)
Income / (loss) before income taxes and preferred dividends  29,028   (52,932,036)  54,799,367    1,896,359 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes  874,000   -   (363,310)(J)  510,690 
Net (loss) / income before noncontrolling interests and preferred dividends  (844,972)  (52,932,036)  55,162,677    1,385,669 
Net (loss) / income attributable to noncontrolling interests          38,100 (K)  38,100 
Net (loss) / income attributable to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.  (844,972)  (52,932,036)  55,124,577    1,347,569 
Preferred dividends  1,112,910   -   -    1,112,910 
Net (loss) / income available to common Stockholders $(1,957,882)  (52,932,036)  55,124,577    234,659 
Net (loss) / income per common share:                 
Basic and diluted $(0.16)           0.02 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:                 
Basic and diluted  11,944,528            11,944,528 

(1)Crackle U.S. financial information presented is for the year ended March 31, 2019, while the Company’s presented financial information is for the year ended December 31, 2018. Given the combined year end dates are within 93 days and the combined periods are the same as per SEC FRM 1440, no adjustments have been made to conform the financial statements.

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined information.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

(unaudited)

  CSS     Pro Forma   Pro Forma 
  Entertainment  Crackle U.S.  Adjustments   Combined 
Revenue, net  2,193,154   15,040,554   -    17,233,708 
Cost of revenue  1,632,101   16,992,166   (8,004,622)(L)  10,619,645 
Gross profit  561,053   (1,951,612)  8,004,622    6,614,063 
Operating expenses:                 
Selling, general and administrative  2,822,057   6,237,890   (5,156,864)(M)  3,903,083 
Management and license fees  219,270   -   1,504,055 (N)  1,723,325 
Total operating expenses  3,041,327   6,237,890   (3,652,809)   5,626,408 
Operating (loss) / income before Amortization  (2,480,274)  (8,189,502)  11,657,431    987,655 
Amortization  205,623   -   1,048,738 (O)  1,254,361 
Operating (loss) / income  (2,685,897)  (8,189,502)  10,608,693    (266,706)
Interest income  13,525   -   -    13,525 
Interest expense  (141,123)  -   -    (141,123)
Acquisition-related costs  (397,935)  -   397,935 (P)  (0)
Goodwill impairment expense  -   (4,100,000)  -    (4,100,000)
(loss) / income before income taxes and preferred dividends  (3,211,430)  (12,289,502)  11,006,628    (4,494,304)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes  (438,000)  -   (772,316)(Q)  (1,210,316)
Net (loss) / income before noncontrolling interests and preferred dividends  (2,773,430)  (12,289,502)  11,778,944    (3,283,988)
Net (Loss) / income attributable to noncontrolling interests          (17,690)(R)  (17,690)
Net (loss) / income attributable to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.  (2,773,430)  (12,289,502)  11,796,634    (3,266,298)
Preferred dividends  603,307   -   -    603,307 
Net (loss) / income available to common Stockholders $(3,376,737)  (12,289,502)  11,796,634    (3,869,605)
Net (loss) per common share:                 
Basic and diluted $(0.28)           (0.32)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:                 
Basic and diluted  11,970,743            11,970,743 

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined information.

F-83

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation and Purchase Price Allocation

The historical condensed combined financial statements have been adjusted in the pro forma condensed combined financial information to give effect to pro forma events that are (1) directly attributable to the business combination, (2) factually supportable and (3) with respect to the pro forma condensed combined statements of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results following the business combination.

The Crackle transaction business combination was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. As the acquirer for accounting purposes, the Company has estimated the fair value of the transaction assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The pro forma combined financial information does not necessarily reflect what the combined company’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had the acquisition occurred on the dates indicated. It also may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of the combined company. The actual financial position and results of operations may differ significantly from the pro forma amounts reflected herein due to a variety of factors. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information does not reflect the realization of any expected cost savings or other synergies from the acquisition and other planned cost savings initiatives following the completion of the business combination. The pro forma financial information strictly reflects transactions entered contractually as a part of the Crackle transaction which are directly attributable, factually supportable, and specifically having a continuing impact on the combined results within the pro forma adjustments.

Note 2 – Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation

The following table reconciles the preliminary purchase price for the Crackle transaction to the amount allocated, on a preliminary basis to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and retained as well as liabilities assumed and retained:

Purchase Price Consideration Allocation:

Fair Value of Preferred Units $36,350,000 
Fair Value of Warrants in CSSE  10,899,204 
Fair Value of Put Option  4,423,327 
Total Estimated Purchase Price  51,672,531 

The purchase price paid by the Company reflects the total consideration given in return for the ownership share available to Sony in the entity. Consideration given has been calculated at the fair market value of the Preferred Units in the JV; the four CSSE tranches of warrants and the Put option. The Company valued the securities based on the terms of the contribution agreement and the use of the Black Scholes model valuation technique on each of the respective components as follows, 

1.The preferred units have a stated value at the time of the acquisition of $36.35 million based upon the March 27, 2019 Contribution Agreement;

2.The four (4) tranches of CSSE warrants were individually valued based on the Black Sholes valuation model using their respective terms and strike prices (ranging from a 5% to 50% premium over the initial market price of $7.74). Each tranche used a volatility of 58% and a 5-year risk free rate of 2.2%;

3.The Put option given to Sony was valued via the Black-Sholes valuation model assuming an initial price of $36.35 million, strike price of $40M, volatility of 17% and term of 1.5 years reflecting the latest time that Sony could exercise their Put.

All consideration transferred has been determined to represent equity-classified contingent consideration and has been measured at fair value as of the acquisition date. Equity-classified contingent consideration is not remeasured following the acquisition date, and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. The equity classification has been determined based on the terms of the transaction.


The Company has performed a preliminary valuation analysis of the fair market value of the Crackle transaction assets and liabilities. The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the estimated purchase price to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Crackle transaction:

Purchase price consideration allocated to fair value of net assets acquired:

Accounts Receivable, net $5,360,667 
Programming Rights  754,598 
Brand Value (Trademark)  30,487,527 
Customer User Base  12,900,088 
Content Rights  2,576,140 
Partner Agreements  5,498,533 
Goodwill  59,722,778 
Accounts Payable & Accrued Expenses  (8,999,063)
Programming Obligations  (4,956,206)
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest  (51,672,531)
Total Net Assets acquired  51,672,531 

In estimating the fair value of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, the fair value estimates are based on, but not limited to, expected future revenue and cash flows, expected growth rates, and estimated discount rates.

The amount related to other intangible assets represents the estimated fair values of the brand (trademark), customer user base, content rights, and partner agreements. These long lived assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 3-7 years. The impact of the intangible asset amortization has been included as adjustments within the presented periods of unaudited pro forma statements of operations.

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, and represents the future economic benefits expected to arise from the intangible assets acquired that do not qualify for separate recognition. The Company has preliminarily estimated $59.7 million of Goodwill in connection with the Crackle transaction.

The fair values of assets acquired, and liabilities assumed were based upon preliminary valuations performed for the preparation of the pro forma financial information and are subject to the final valuations. These estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period as additional information is obtained. A decrease in the fair value of the assets acquired or liabilities assumed in the Crackle transaction from the preliminary valuations presented would result in dollar for dollar corresponding increase or decrease, as applicable, in the amount of goodwill resulting from the transaction. In addition, if the value of the other intangible assets is higher than the amount included in these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements, it may result in higher amortization expense than is presented herein. Any such increases could be material and could result in the Company’s actual future financial condition or results of operations differing materially from that presented herein. As permitted, the final determination of these estimated fair values will be completed as soon as possible but no later than one year from the acquisition date when the Company has completed the detailed valuations and calculations.

F-85

Note 3 – Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet Adjustments

Adjustments included in the column under the heading “Pro Forma Adjustments” in the Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2019 which assume the transaction occurred as of March 31, 2019 consist of the following:

(A)Represents adjustment to eliminate historical Crackle U.S. Goodwill and record the preliminary business combination determined Goodwill and Intangible assets,
Adjustment to eliminate historical Crackle U.S. Goodwill(49,017,709)
To record Goodwill resulting from the business combination59,722,778
Total adjustments to Goodwill10,705,069
To record Indefinite lived Intangible Assets resulting from the business combination30,487,527
To record Definite lived Intangible Assets resulting from the business combination with useful lives of 3-7 years.20,974,761
Total adjustments to Intangible Assets51,462,288
(B)Represents adjustment to eliminate Crackle U.S. Equipment not contractually contributed as a part of the business combination.(8,687)
(C)Represents adjustment to accrue for acquisition related costs directly attributable to the transaction.7,165,321
Represents adjustment to reclass Ad Rep Partner liabilities on the balance sheet classified as related parties to Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses as they are directly attributable to the ongoing business of Crackle Plus.15,730,915
22,896,236
Represents adjustment to reclass related party fees for Ad Rep Partner liabilities previously classified as related parties per above.(15,730,915)
(D)Represents adjustment to record redeemable non-controlling interest in Crackle Plus held by Sony at 49% (equity attributable to Sony as a part of the Crackle transaction, as they have the right to increase ownership to 49% in the Crackle Plus entity). Based on the terms of the transaction agreement, the redeemable noncontrolling interest is redeemable into equity as upon exercise of the equity interest the company has the option to transfer equity in the form of Series A cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred stock in the Company or cash at the election of the Company, or into 49% equity stake in the Crackle Plus joint venture.51,672,531
 (E)Represents adjustment to eliminate Crackle U.S. parent investment not applicable to the Crackle transaction and ongoing business.(51,885,027)
 (E)Represents adjustment to record the Company controlling equity interests in the Crackle Plus entity.62,371,166
 (E)Represents adjustment to record acquisition related expenses directly attributable to the transaction.(7,165,321)
Total adjustments to Stockholder’s Equity3,320,818

F-86

Note 4 – Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations Adjustments for the Year Ended December 31, 2018

Adjustments included in the column under the heading “Pro Forma Adjustments” in the Unaudited Condensed Combined Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2018, which assume the transaction occurred as of January 1, 2018 consist of the following:

(F)Represents adjustment to reduce content amortization and studio fees resulting from the consummation change in content license fee agreement structures.  As a part of the business combination the parties entered into revenue share content AVOD agreements.(17,957,770)
Represents adjustment to reduce costs related to maintaining the AVOD platform as the Company entered as part of the business combination into a fixed fee agreement.(11,671,535)
Total adjustments to Cost of Revenue:(29,629,305)
(G)Represents adjustment to reduce marketing spend resulting from the termination of marketing contracts previously utilized by Crackle U.S. and excluded as contracts from assets transferred as a part of the business combination as the company uses its owned-and-operated networks and brand related social media to drive growth through cross-promotion.  (11,444,510)
Represents adjustment for severed employees of the Crackle U.S. workforce, reducing duplicative roles between the two entities as per agreed and executed severance agreements upon the consummation.  (8,141,518)
Represents adjustment to eliminate Sony corporate overhead allocation expenses not applicable to the Crackle Plus business.  Costs historically allocated by Sony include costs for operating services contractually agreed to be provided by the parent company as a part of the business combination via the executed management fee agreement. Costs associated have been added as pro forma adjustment (H) below.(16,357,417)
Total adjustments to Selling, General, and Administrative:(35,943,445)
(H)Represents adjustment to record management fees agreed to as a part of the business combination for the period presented.6,578,431
(I)Represents adjustment to record valued acquisition related Intangible Asset amortization over the useful life of the intangible assets for the period presented on a straight-line basis.4,194,952
(J)Represents adjustment to record the effect of pro forma adjustments on income taxes calculated at a statutory tax rate of 26.93%.  (363,310)
(K)Represents adjustment to record the effect of the noncontrolling equity interest of 1% held by Sony in the results of the Crackle Plus joint venture.  38,100

Note 5 – Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations Adjustments for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

Adjustments included in the column under the heading “Pro Forma Adjustments” in the Unaudited Condensed Combined Statement of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which assume the transaction occurred as of January 1, 2018 consist of the following:

(L)Represents adjustment to reduce content amortization and studio fees due to the change in content license fee structures.  As a part of the business combination the parties entered into revenue share content AVOD agreements.(4,779,414)
Represents adjustment for terminated employees of the workforce of Crackle U.S., reducing duplicative roles between the two entities as per agreed and executed severance agreements entered prior to the consummation.  (3,225,208)
Total adjustments to Cost of Revenue:(8,004,622)
(M)Represents adjustment to reduce marketing spend resulting from the termination of marketing contracts previously utilized by Crackle U.S. and excluded as contracts from assets transferred as a part of the business combination as the company uses its owned-and-operated networks and brand related social media to drive growth through cross-promotion.(84,348)
Represents adjustment for terminated employees of the workforce of Crackle U.S., reducing duplicative roles between the two entities as per agreed and executed severance agreements entered upon the consummation.  (1,259,337)
Represents adjustment to eliminate Sony corporate overhead allocation expenses not applicable to the Crackle Plus business.  Costs historically allocated by Sony include costs for operating services contractually agreed to be provided by the parent company as a part of the business combination via the executed management fee agreement. Costs associated have been added as pro forma adjustment (N) below.(3,813,179)
Total adjustments to Selling General and Administrative:(5,156,864)
(N)Represents adjustment to record additional management fees to be owed to affiliated company based on revenues earned under existing management & licensing agreements.1,504,055
(O)Represents adjustment to record valued acquisition related Intangible Asset amortization over the useful life of the intangible assets for the period presented on a straight-line basis.1,048,738
(P)Represents adjustment to eliminate historical nonrecurring transaction costs included on the historical financial statements of the company directly attributable to the transaction.397,935
(Q)Represents adjustment to record the effect of pro forma adjustments on income taxes calculated at a statutory tax rate of 26.93%.(772,316)
(R)Represents adjustment to record the effect of the noncontrolling equity interest of 1% held by Sony in the results of the Crackle Plus joint venture.  (17,690)


UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

On May 14, 2019, Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc. a Delaware corporation (the “Company” ”, or “us”, “our” or similar terms) consummated (the “Closing”) the creation of a joint venture entity to be known as “Crackle Plus” (the “Crackle Transaction”), contemplated by the previously announced Contribution Agreement, dated as of March 27, 2019 (the “Contribution Agreement”) by and among the Company, Crackle Plus, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “JV Entity”), CPE Holdings, Inc. (“CPEH”), a Delaware corporation and affiliate of Sony Pictures Television Inc. (“Sony”), and Crackle, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of CPEH (“Crackle” or “Crackle U.S.”). The Contribution Agreement provides, among other things, for the creation of a new streaming video joint venture to be known as “Crackle Plus” and for the contribution by CPEH and its affiliates of certain U.S. and Canadian assets of the Crackle branded advertising-based video on demand streaming business to the JV Entity and for the contribution by the Company and its affiliates of certain assets of their advertising-based and subscription-based video on demand businesses to the JV Entity.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information was prepared using the acquisition method of accounting (ASC 805 “Business Combinations”), with the Company considered the acquirer of Crackle U.S.

We are providing this unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2019 in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X as an update to the unaudited condensed combined statements of operations of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2018, which were included in Exhibit 99.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on July 30, 2019. This updated unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations shows the pro forma effect of the Crackle transaction for the year ended December 31, 2019, as if the transaction had been completed on January 1, 2018, consistent with the initial unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations previously filed.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included herein presents the combination of the historical consolidated statement of operations of the Company and carve-out statement of operations of Crackle U.S. adjusted to give effect to events and circumstances that are (i) directly attributable to the acquisition, (ii) factually supportable and (iii) expected to have a continuing impact on the combined company’s results. Specifically, at the time of the consummation of the business combination, the Company changed the way that Crackle operates by identifying four key areas to reduce costs and improve margins; technology, marketing, content and SG&A. Directly attributable pro forma adjustments consist of:

·The Company worked with Sony to consolidate technology costs onto Sony’s shared platform.

·Upon creation of the JV Entity, technology costs were reduced significantly.

·Marketing spend was also significantly reduced as the Company excluded Sony’s marketing agreements from transferred assets and will use its owned-and-operated networks and brand related social media to drive growth through cross-promotion.

·Fixed fee content agreements were replaced with revenue sharing agreements between Crackle Plus, the Company and Sony.

·Duplicative roles within the Company’s and Crackle’s operations teams were evaluated, and staff was reduced to streamline operations.


The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited historical consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, which were filed with the SEC as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 30, 2020, and the audited historical carve-out financial statements as of and for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 of Crackle U.S., which were filed with the SEC as Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on July 30, 2019.

In management’s opinion, all adjustments necessary to reflect the significant effects of the Crackle transaction have been made. These combined financial statements are based on assumptions and estimates considered appropriate by our management; however, they are unaudited and are not necessarily, and should not be assumed to be, an indication of our financial position or results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisitions been completed as of the dates indicated or that may be achieved in the future. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of operations do not include all of the effects of cost savings that may result from operating efficiencies as a result of the Crackle transaction.

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is being provided for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent what the actual results of operations of Crackle Plus would have been had the Crackle Transaction occurred on the date assumed or any other date, nor is it necessarily indicative of Crackle Plus’s future results of operations for any future period or as of any future date. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information is based upon currently available information and estimates and assumptions that the Company’s management believes are reasonable as of the date hereof. Any of the factors underlying these estimates and assumptions may change or prove to be materially different.


Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.

Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations

For the Year Ended December 31, 2019
(unaudited)

  CSS (1)
Entertainment
  Crackle U.S. (2)  Crackle U.S. (3)  Pro Forma   Pro Forma 
  Historical  Historical  Historical  Adjustments   Combined 
Revenue, net  55,363,906   15,040,554   7,693,237   -    78,097,697 
Cost of revenue  40,423,550   16,992,166   6,964,230   (10,328,355)(A)  54,051,591 
Gross profit  14,940,356   (1,951,612)  729,007   10,328,355    24,046,106 
Operating expenses:                     
Selling, general and administrative  22,242,032   6,237,890   3,300,265   (7,248,979)(B)  24,531,208 
Management and license fees  5,536,390   -       2,273,379 (C)  7,809,769 
Total operating expenses  27,778,422   6,237,890   3,300,265   (4,975,600)   32,340,977 
Operating (loss) / income before Amortization  (12,838,066)  (8,189,502)  (2,571,258)  15,303,955    (8,294,871)
Amortization  13,293,279   -   -   (3,114,847)(D)  10,178,432 
Operating (loss) / income  (26,131,345)  (8,189,502)  (2,571,258)  18,418,802    (18,473,303)
Interest income  (40,191)  -   -   -    (40,191)
Interest expense  811,017   -   -   -    811,017 
Loss on Debt Extinguishment  350,691   -   -   (350,691)(E)  - 
Acquisition-related costs  3,968,289   -   -   (3,968,289)(F)  - 
Goodwill impairment expense  -   4,100,000   -   -    4,100,000 
Loss before income taxes and preferred dividends  (31,221,151)  (12,289,502)  (2,571,258)  22,737,782    (23,344,129)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes  585,000   -       (6,871,574)(G)  (6,286,574)
Net loss before noncontrolling interests and preferred dividends  (31,806,151)  (12,289,502)  (2,571,258)  29,609,356    (17,057,555)
Net Loss attributable to noncontrolling interests  (134,282)  -       403 (H)  (133,879)
Net loss attributable to Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment, Inc.  (31,671,869)  (12,289,502)  (2,571,258)  29,608,953    (16,923,676)
Preferred dividends  3,304,947   -   -   -    3,304,947 
Net loss available to common Stockholders  (34,976,816)  (12,289,502)  (2,571,258)  29,608,953    (20,228,623)
Net loss per common share:                     
Basic and diluted  (2.92)               (1.69)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding                     
Basic and diluted  11,987,292                11,987,292 

(1)The Company’s financial information presented is as filed in our audited Annual Report on Form 10-K for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 filed on March 30, 2020, which includes Crackle U.S. financial information from the date of acquisition beginning May 15, 2019 through December 31, 2019.
(2)Crackle U.S. financial information presented is for the period from January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2019 as filed on Form 8-K/A, on July 30, 2019.  
(3)Crackle U.S. financial information presented is for the period from April 1, 2019 to May 14, 2019.

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined information.



NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Note 1 – Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations Adjustments for the Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2019

Adjustments included in the column under the heading “Pro Forma Adjustments” in the Unaudited Condensed Combined Statement of Operations for the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, which assume the transaction occurred as of January 1, 2018 consist of the following:

(A)Represents adjustment to reduce content amortization and studio fees due to the change in content license fee structures.  As a part of the business combination the parties entered into revenue share content AVOD agreements.(6,368,973)
Represents adjustment to reduce costs related to maintaining the AVOD platform as the Company entered as part of the business combination into a fixed fee agreement.(3,959,382)
Total adjustments to Cost of Revenue:(10,328,355)
(B)Represents adjustment to reduce marketing spend resulting from the termination of marketing contracts previously utilized by Crackle U.S. and excluded as contracts from assets transferred as a part of the business combination as the company uses its owned-and-operated networks and brand related social media to drive growth through cross-promotion.(414,085)
Represents adjustment for terminated employees of the workforce of Crackle U.S., reducing duplicative roles between the two entities as per agreed and executed severance agreements entered upon the consummation.(2,114,011)
Represents adjustment to eliminate Sony corporate overhead allocation expenses not applicable to the Crackle Plus business.  Costs historically allocated by Sony include costs for operating services contractually agreed to be provided by the parent company as a part of the business combination via the executed management fee agreement. Costs associated with such management fees have been added as pro forma adjustment (C) below.(4,720,883)
Total adjustments to Selling General and Administrative:(7,248,979)
(C)Represents adjustment to record additional management fees to be owed to affiliated company based on revenues earned under existing management & licensing agreements.2,273,379
(D)Represents adjustment to record valued acquisition related Intangible Asset amortization over the useful life of the intangible assets for the period presented on a straight-line basis.(3,114,847)
(E)Represents adjustment to eliminate historical nonrecurring debt extinguishment costs included on the historical financial statements of the company attributable to the transaction.(350,691)
(F)Represents adjustment to eliminate historical nonrecurring acquisition related costs included on the historical financial statements of the company directly attributable to the transaction.(3,968,289)
(G)Represents adjustment to record the effect of pro forma adjustments on income taxes calculated at a statutory tax rate of 26.93%, excluding any valuation allowance adjustments.(6,871,574)
(H)Represents adjustment to record the effect of the noncontrolling equity interest of 1% held by Sony in the results of the Crackle Plus joint venture.403


 

PROSPECTUS

 

Ladenburg Thalmann1,022,727 shares of Class A Common Stock

 

[*] 2020

Prospectus dated [_____] 2021


 

PART II

 

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

 

Item 13.Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.

 

The estimated expenses in connection with the sale of the securities being registered hereby, are as follows:

 

SEC registration fee $1,004 
FINRA filing fee  2,500 
Nasdaq listing fees and expenses  2,500 
Accounting fees and expenses  20,000 
Legal fees and expenses  50,000 
Printing expenses  2,000 
Road show expenses  7,500 
Transfer agent fees and expenses  10,000 
Miscellaneous (1)  20,000 
Total $115,504 

(1) This amount represents additional expenses that may be incurred by the Company in connection with the offering, including distribution and mailing costs.

SEC registration fee $2,709 
Accounting fees and expenses  40,000 
Legal fees and expenses  25,000 
Miscellaneous  5,000 
Total  72,709 

 

Item 14.Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

 

The certificate of incorporation and by-laws of Chicken Soup for the Soul Entertainment Inc. (“CSSE”) provide that all directors and officers shall be entitled to be indemnified by such company to the fullest extent permitted by law. The certificate of incorporation provides that CSSE may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law all employees. CSSE’s by-laws provide that, if authorized by the Board of Directors, it may indemnify any other person whom it has the power to indemnify under section 145 of the Delaware General Company Law. Section 145 of the Delaware General Company Law concerning indemnification of officers, directors, employees and agents is set forth below.

 

“Section 145. Indemnification of officers, directors, employees and agents; insurance.

 

(a)           A corporation shall have power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the person’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that the person’s conduct was unlawful.

 

(b)           A corporation shall have power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

 

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(c)           To the extent that a present or former director or officer of a corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.

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(d)           Any indemnification under subsections (a) and (b) of this section (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the present or former director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because the person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in subsections (a) and (b) of this section. Such determination shall be made, with respect to a person who is a director or officer of the corporation at the time of such determination, (1) by a majority vote of the directors who are not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (2) by a committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such directors, even though less than a quorum, or (3) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders.

 

(e)           Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director of the corporation in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this section. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by former directors and officers or other employees and agents of the corporation or by persons serving at the request of the corporation as directors, officers, employees or agents of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the corporation deems appropriate.

 

(f)           The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other subsections of this section shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office. A right to indemnification or to advancement of expenses arising under a provision of the certificate of incorporation or a bylaw shall not be eliminated or impaired by an amendment to such provision after the occurrence of the act or omission that is the subject of the civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding for which indemnification or advancement of expenses is sought, unless the provision in effect at the time of such act or omission explicitly authorizes such elimination or impairment after such action or omission has occurred.

 

(g)           A corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under this section.

 

(h)           For purposes of this section, references to “the corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this section with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

 

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(i)            For purposes of this section, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the corporation” as referred to in this section.

 

(j)            The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this section shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

 

(k)           The Court of Chancery is hereby vested with exclusive jurisdiction to hear and determine all actions for advancement of expenses or indemnification brought under this section or under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise. The Court of Chancery may summarily determine a corporation’s obligation to advance expenses (including attorneys’ fees).”

 

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers, and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in a successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to the court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

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Paragraph B of Article Eight of CSSE’s certificate of incorporation provides:

 

“The Company, to the full extent permitted by Section 145 of the GCL, as amended from time to time, shall indemnify all persons whom it may indemnify pursuant thereto. Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director in defending any civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative action, suit or proceeding for which such officer or director may be entitled to indemnification hereunder shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as authorized hereby.”

 

Item 15.Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

 

Set forth below is information regarding shares of capital stock issued by us in unregistered offerings during the last three years. Also included is the consideration received by us for such shares and information relating to the section of the Securities Act, or rule of the Securities and Exchange Commission, under which exemption from registration was claimed.

 

Share Issuance and Warrants

 

On January 20, 2021, we consummated a private placement through which we sold an aggregate of 1,022,727 shares of our Class A Common Stock to certain fund investors at a price of $22 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $22.5 million. In connection with the private placement, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the fund investors pursuant to which we are obligated to file the registration statement for purposes of registering the resale of all such shares by the selling shareholders.

On July 23, 2020 we entered into a subscription agreement with a single investor pursuant to which we agreed to issue and sell to the investor in a private placement an aggregate of 625,000 unregistered shares of Class A Common Stock at a price of $8.00 per share, (which was higher than the 30-day average trailing market price at the time of sale), generating gross proceeds of $5,000,000. The investor received customary registration rights.

 

On July 23, 2019 we issued 40,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to a single investor in a private placement for $25.00 pursuant to the exemption from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder. The investor received customary registration rights.

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On June 25, 2019, we issued 40,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock to a single investor in a private placement for $25.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $1 million. We were required to reimburse the investor’s expenses in connection with the sale, including expenses related to due diligence and legal, equal to 8% of the gross proceeds. The investor received customary registration rights. Such securities were issued pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

 

In May 2019, in connection with the consummation of our joint venture, Crackle Plus, we issued to CPEH warrants to purchase (a) 800,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.13 per share; (b)  1,200,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.67 per share; (c)  380,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.61 per share; and (d) 1,620,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.61 per share. All of such warrants have a five-year term commencing on the closing and are exercisable during such term. CPEH has registration rights with respect to the shares of Class A Common Stock underlying the warrants. Such securities were issued pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

 

Additionally, (a) on January 13, 2021, we issued to Crackle (now CPEH) 37,000 units of preferred equity of Crackle Plus and 1,000 units of common equity of Crackle Plus. From May 2020 to December 14, 2020 (“Exercise Period”), CPEH will have the right to either convert its preferred equity into common equity of Crackle Plus or require us to purchase all, but not less than all, of its interest in Crackle Plus (“Put Option”). We may elect to pay for such interest in cash or through the issuance of Series A Preferred Stock using a price per share of $25. CPEH has registration rights with respect to any1,600,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock it may beto CPEH as consideration for the exercise by CPEH of its option to put to us all of the issued and outstanding equity interest in Crackle Plus owned by CPEH, pursuant to the terms of the amended and restated limited liability company agreement dated as of May 14, 2019 among the Company, Crackle Plus, and CPEH, as successor-in-interest of Crackle, Inc., and (b) on December 21, 2020, we issued 198,956 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to CPEH in connection with our obligation to reimburse CPEH for certain transaction expenses incurred by CPEH in connection with the Put Option. Subject totransactions contemplated by that certain limitations, in the event that CPEH has not converted its preferred equity into common equityContribution Agreement, dated as of Crackle Plus or exercised its Put Option, CPEH shall be deemed to have automatically exercised the Put Option on the last day of the Exercise Period. On November 12, 2020,March 26, 2019, by and among the Company, CPEH, Crackle, Inc. and CPEH entered into an amendment (“Amendment” to the JV Operating Agreement to extend the date by which CPEH must exercise the conversion right or Put Option by thirty days, from November 14, 2020 to December 14, 2020.Crackle Plus.

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In December 2018 we completed our acquisition of all of the capital stock of A Sharp Inc. (dba “A Plus”) for an aggregate purchase price of $15,000,000, paid as follows: (i) a reduction by approximately $3.3 million of advances owed by A Plus to the Company, (ii) the issuance of 350,299 Class A Common Stock at a share price of $8.35 totaling a value of approximately $2,925,000 to the individual sellers and (iii) the remaining in cash to CSS in consideration of all of its shares of A Plus as an offset to amounts due pursuant to the intercompany cash management system.

 

In August 2018, we completed our acquisition of all the capital stock of Pivotshare for approximately $258,000 in cash, the issuance of 134,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock and the issuance of 74,235 shares of Class A Common Stock.

 

In November 2017, we completed our acquisition of all the membership interests of Screen Media for approximately $4.9 million in cash and the issuance of 35,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock and our Class Z Warrants exercisable into 50,000 shares of our Class A Common Stock at $12 per share.

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Grants of Stock Options and Restricted Stock

On January ___, 2021 we granted three year options to purchase up to 125,765 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock to an employee that vest in 36 equal monthly installments.

In January 2018 the Company granted a five-year option to purchase up to 10,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock to an employee that vests in twelve equal quarterly installments.

In December 2017, in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Screen Media Ventures and the employment by the Company of certain key employees of Screen Media Ventures, the Company granted a five-year option to purchase up to 75,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock to an employee that vests in twelve quarterly installments and a five-year option to purchase up to 50,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock to another employee that vests in semi-annual installments over a three year period.

In October 2017 the Company granted a five-year option to purchase up to 50,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock to an employee that vests in twelve quarterly installments.

In March 2017 the Company granted a five-year option to purchase up to 75,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock to an employee that vests in quarterly installments of 6,250 shares commencing June 30, 2017.

In January 2017, the Company granted five-year options to purchase up to 100,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock to three officers that vest in eight equal quarterly installments commencing March 31, 2017 and which are exercisable at $6.50 per share. In 2017, the Company granted additional options to non-management grantees to purchase up to an aggregate of 390,000 shares at exercise prices between $6.50 and $9.74. All of these options were granted under the Company’s 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

The shares of restricted stock, and the stock options and Class A Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of such stock options, as described above were issued pursuant to written compensatory plans or arrangements with our officers, directors, and employees, including the 2017 Long Term Incentive Plan. Prior to March 2018, such grants were made in reliance on the exemption set forth in Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act. On March 20, 2018, the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 to register the shares of Class A Common Stock issued and issuable pursuant to the Company’s 2017 Long Term Incentive Plan.

 

Item 16.Exhibits

 

A list of the exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K to be filed as part of this registration statement is set forth in the Exhibit Index on page II-9.Index.

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Item 17.Undertakings

 

(a)           The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

 

(1)           To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

 

(i)            To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;

 

(ii)           To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement;

 

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(iii)          To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

Provided, however, that:

Paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.

 

(2)           That, for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

(3)           To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

 

(6)(5)           That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i)(A)          Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

(B)           Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(ii)           Each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

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(b)           The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, in a primary offering of securitieseach filing of the undersigned registrantregistrant’s annual report pursuant to thisSection 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement regardless of the underwriting method usedshall be deemed to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrantnew registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering requiredof such securities at that time shall be deemed to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the initial bona fide offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned to the purchaser.thereof.

 

(h)           Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statementamendment to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Cos Cob, Connecticut, on the 8th day of December, 2020.February 11, 2021.

 

 CHICKEN SOUP FOR THE SOUL ENTERTAINMENT INC.
  
 By:/s/ William J. Rouhana, Jr.
 Name:William J. Rouhana, Jr.
 Title:Chief Executive Officer

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Name Position Date
     
By:/s/ William J. Rouhana Jr.Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 William J. Rouhana Jr. (Principal Executive Officer)  
     
By:/s/ Scott W. Seaton Vice Chairman and Director December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Scott W. Seaton    
     
By:/s/ Christopher Mitchell Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Christopher Mitchell (Principal Financial Officer)  
      
By:/s/ Daniel Sanchez Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Daniel Sanchez (Principal Accounting Officer)  
     
By:/s/ Amy Newmark Director December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Amy Newmark    
     
By:/s/ Cosmo DeNicola Director December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Cosmo DeNicola    
     
By:/s/ Fred Cohen Director December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Fred Cohen    
     
By:/s/ Christina Weiss Lurie Director December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Christina Weiss Lurie    
     
By:/s/ Diana Wilkin Director December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Diana Wilkin    
     
By:/s/ Martin Pompadur Director December 8, 2020February 11, 2021
 Martin Pompadur    

 

II-7

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No. Description
1.1Form of Underwriting Agreement between the Company and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co., Inc., as representative of the several underwriters named therein (1)
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation (2)(1)
   
3.2 Bylaws (2)(1)
   
4.1 Indenture dated July 17, 2020 by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association (3)
4.2First Supplemental Indenture dated July 17, 2020 between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee (3)
4.3Form of 9.50% Notes due 2025 (included as ExhibitSpecimen Class A to the First Supplemental Indenture filed as Exhibit 4.2).Common Stock Certificate (1)
   
5.1 Opinion of Graubard Miller (1)Miller*
10.1Securities Purchase Agreement dated January 14, 2021, between the Company and the Selling Shareholders (2)
21Subsidiaries of the Registrant (3)
   
23.1 Consent of Rosenfield and Company, PLLC (1)*
   
23.2 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (1)LLP*
   
23.3 Consent of Graubard Miller (included in its opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1)
   
25.1Statement of Eligibility on Form T-1 under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, of U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee under the Indenture (1)
99.1 Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 (4)

* Filed herewith.

 

(1)Filed herewith.

(2)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 1-A (SEC File No. 024-10704).

(2)(3)Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed withon January 20, 2021.
(3)Incorporated by reference to the CommissionRegistrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on July 22,March 30, 2020.

(4)(4)Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on May 21, 2020 (SEC File No. 333-238588).

 

II-8