Use these links to rapidly review the document
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 9, 2012September 16, 2013

Registration No. 333-181376333-190805

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



Amendment No. 61 to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Under
The Securities Act of 1933



Shutterstock, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware738980-0812659

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 7389
(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
 80-0812659
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

60 Broad Street, 30th Floor
New York, NY 10004
(646) 419-4452

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area
code, of registrant's principal executive offices)

Jonathan Oringer
Chief Executive Officer
Shutterstock, Inc.
60 Broad Street, 30th Floor
New York, NY 10004
(646) 419-4452
(Name, address including zip code, and telephone number including area code, of agent for service)



Copies to:

Brian B. Margolis, Esq.
David M. Ruff,Stephen C. Ashley, Esq.
Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP
51 West 52nd Street
New York, NY 10019
(212) 506-5000
 Gregory B. Astrachan, Esq.
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
787 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10019
(212) 728-8000

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.



          If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.    o

          If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

          If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

          If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.    o

          Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filero Accelerated filero Non-accelerated filerý
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
 Smaller reporting companyo

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

        
 
Title of Each Class of Securities
to be Registered

 Amount to be
Registered(1)

 Proposed Maximum
Offering Price Per
Share(2)

 Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price(1)(2)

 Amount of
Registration Fee(3)

 

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

 3,450,000 $57.145 $197,150,250 $26,892

 

(1)
Includes 450,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Underwriters' option to purchase additional shares.

(2)
Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act, based upon the average of the high and low sales prices of the Registrant's Common Stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange on September 12, 2013.

(3)
$23,529 has previously been paid.

          The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

   


Table of Contents

PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)
Issued October 9, 2012

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We and the selling stockholders may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

4,500,000PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)
Issued September 16, 2013

3,000,000 Shares

GRAPHIC

COMMON STOCK



Shutterstock, Inc. is offering 4,500,0001,000,000 shares of its common stock. This is our initial publicstock and the selling stockholders are offering and no public market currently exists for our shares. We anticipate that the initial public offering price2,000,000 shares of our common stockstock. We will be between $13.00 and $15.00 per share.not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares by the selling stockholders.



Our common stock has been approved for listingis listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SSTK". On September 12, 2013, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $56.47 per share.



We are an "emerging growth company" under applicable Securities and Exchange Commission rules and, as such, will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. Investing in our common stock involves risks. See "Risk Factors" section beginning on page 14.



PRICE $              A SHARE



 
 
Price to
Public
 
Underwriting
Discounts and
Commissions
 
Proceeds to
Shutterstock
Proceeds to
Selling
Stockholders

Per Share

$   $   $   $  

Total

 $   $   $  $  

We and the selling stockholders have granted the underwriters the right to purchase up to 675,000450,000 additional shares of common stock at the price to cover over-allotments.public less the underwriting discounts and commissions.

The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities regulators have not approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of common stock to purchasers on                           , 2012.2013.



MORGAN STANLEY DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES JEFFERIES



ALLEN & COMPANY LLCRBC CAPITAL MARKETS
STIFEL

STIFEL NICOLAUS WEISEL


WILLIAM BLAIR

                        , 2012


GRAPHIC                           , 2013


GRAPHICTable of Contents


GRAPHICGRAPHIC


Table of Contents

LOGO


Table of Contents

LOGO


Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 Page

Prospectus Summary

 1

The Offering

8

Summary Consolidated Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data

 9

Risk Factors

 14

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

 3534

Industry and Market Data

 3635

Use of Proceeds

 36

Market Price of Common Stock

37

Dividend Policy

 37

Reorganization

 38

Capitalization

 39
38

Dilution

 41

Unaudited Pro Forma and Pro Forma As Adjusted Consolidated Financial Statements

43

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

 5239

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 5644

Business

 8774

Management

 10493

Executive Compensation

 11099

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

 122110

Principal Stockholders

 124113

Description of Capital Stock

 126115

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

 131119

Material U.S. Federal Income Tax and Estate Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders

 133121

Underwriting

 137125

Legal Matters

 142129

Experts

 142129

Where You Can Find More Information

 142129

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

 F-1



        You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or contained in any free writing prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with information that is different from that contained in this prospectus. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

        Until                        , 20122013 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that effect transactions in ourbuy, sell or trade the common stock, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus.prospectus, regardless of whether they are participating in this offering. This delivery requirement is in addition to the dealers' obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

        For investors outside the United States: neither we nor any of the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.


Table of Contents


PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

        The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider in making your investment decision. Before investing in our common stock, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the information set forth in the sections of this prospectus titled "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations." Some of the statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements. See the section of this prospectus titled "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" for more information.


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

Overview

        Shutterstock operates an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and videosvideo clips that companies use in their visual communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. Demand for commercial digital imagery comes primarily from businesses, marketing agencies and media organizations. We estimate that the market for pre-shot commercial digital imagery will grow from approximately $4 billion in 2011 to approximately $6 billion in 2016, based on a study conducted on our behalf by L.E.K. Consulting LLC. There has been a significant increase in the demand for commercial digital imagery as rapid technological advances have reduced the cost and effort required to create, license and use images. Our global online marketplace brings together users of commercial digital imagery with image creators from around the world. More than 550,000750,000 active, paying users contributed to revenue in 2011, representing an increase of 71% compared to the prior year.2012. More than 35,00040,000 approved contributors make their images and video clips available in our library,collection, which currently consists ofhas grown to more than 2028 million images.images and more than 1 million video clips. This makes our librarycollection one of the largest of its kind, and, in the twelve months ended December 31, 2011,2012, we delivered more than 5876 million paid downloads (including both commercial and editorial images) to our customers.

        Our online marketplace provides a freely searchable librarycollection of commercial digital imagesimagery (i.e., stock photography, illustrations, vectors and video clips) that our users can pay to license, download and incorporate into their work. We compensate image contributors for each of their images or video clips that is downloaded. This marketplace model allows us to offer users a disruptive, low-cost and easy-to-use alternative to the time-consuming and expensive traditional methods of obtaining commercial imagery. It enables millions of small and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs, to affordably access commercial digital images,imagery, and allows larger enterprises and media agencies to more easily and efficiently satisfy their increasing image needs.

        We are the beneficiaries of significant network effects. As we have grown, our broadening audience of paying users has attracted more imagesimagery from contributors. This increased selection of imagesimagery has in turn helped to attract more paying users. The success of this network effect is facilitated by the trust that users place in Shutterstock to maintain the integrity of our branded marketplace. Every contributor in our marketplace and every image we make available must pass our proprietary screening process and meet our standards of quality. In addition, and unlike the significant majority of free images available online, our rigorous vetting process enables us to provide confidence and indemnification to our users that the imagescontent in our library havecollection has been appropriately licensed for commercial or editorial use.

        We make imagethe licensing of images and video clips affordable, simple and easy in order to encourage a high volume of purchases and downloads. Our customers' average cost per image is approximately $2.00.download was $2.23 in 2012. We are a pioneer of the subscription-based usage model in our industry, whereby subscribers can download and use a large number of images in their creative process without concern for the incremental cost of each download. A significant majority of our downloads come from subscription-based users, who currently contribute


Table of Contents

approximately half of our revenue. We also offer simple and easy-to-use On Demand purchase options for


Table of Contents

users with less consistent needs.who purchase imagery when and as needed. As a result of our simple and affordable licensing models, we believe that we achieved the highest volume of commercial image downloads of any single brand in our industry in 2011.2012. In addition to drivinggenerating revenue, this high volume of download activity allows us to continually improve the quality and accuracy of our search algorithms, as well as to encourage the creation of new content to meet our users' needs.

        Our revenue is diversified and predictable. More than 550,000750,000 customers from more than 150 countries contributed to our revenue in 2011,2012, with our top 25 customers in the aggregate accounting for less than 2%3% of our revenue. We have historically benefitted from a high degree of revenue retention from both subscription-based and On Demand customers. For example, in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, we experienced year-to-year revenue retention of 82%, 96%, 102% and 102%100%, respectively. This means that customers that contributed to our revenue in 20102011 contributed, in the aggregate, 102%100% as much revenue in 20112012 as they did in 2010.2011. Customers typically pay us upfront and then use their downloads in a predictable pattern over time, which results in favorable cash flow characteristics and has historically added predictability and stability to our financial performance.

        We have achieved significant growth since our marketplace was launched in 2003. In 20102011 and 2011,2012, we generated revenue of $83.0$120.3 million and $120.3$169.6 million, respectively, representing period-over-periodyear-over-year growth of 35.8%45.0% and 45.0%41.0%, respectively. In 20102011 and 2011,2012, we generated Adjusted EBITDA of $21.8$26.5 million and $26.5$34.9 million, respectively, Non-GAAP Net Income of $23.9 million and $28.0 million, respectively, and Free Cash Flow of $27.6$36.1 million and $36.1$41.8 million, respectively. See "Summary Consolidated Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures." In 20102011 and 2011,2012, our net income was $18.9$21.9 million and $21.9$47.5 million, respectively. In 2012, net income included a one-time tax benefit of $28.8 million related to our conversion to a Delaware C-corporation on October 5, 2012. We are a global business; in 2011, 34%2012, 35% of our revenue came from North America, 37% came from Europe and 66%28% came from the rest of the world.

Industry Overview: Commercial Digital Imagery

        Images help businesses to communicate and engage with customers, market products and differentiate their brands. Companies invest in imagery for the same reasons they invest in marketing, advertising and media production: to increase the impact, engagement and differentiation of their communications. From the smallest start-ups to the largest multinationals, companies pay to license photographs, videosvideo clips and illustrations for use in print and digital marketing materials, corporate communications, external and internal websites, social networking sites, mobile applications, games and videos. Imagery is also widely used in publishing books, eBooks, magazines and news articles. The demand for paid imagery in a commercial context comes primarily from:

        These businesses require that theprofessional users of imagery are very selective about where they source their images; images they usemust be of high quality and that theymust fulfill the licensing obligations necessary for use in a commercial context. These requirements were historically fulfilled by commissioning images for specific purposes, or licensing pre-shot images from a catalog or database. This typically cost hundreds or thousands of dollars per image, which made licensing imagery affordable only for larger companies with significant marketing or creative budgets.


Table of Contents

        Rapid technological changes have caused a significant shift in the economics of demand and supply for commercial digital imagery. The rise of digital marketing and increases in the type and frequency of visual communications employed by businesses has caused a dramatic increase in demand for licensed imagery. At the same time, affordable, high-quality cameras and video cameras, as well as high


Table of Contents

performance photo and video-editing software, are enabling millions of people around the world to create commercial-quality digital imagery at a very low cost. Online marketplaces use the disruptive power of the internet to bring these highly fragmented groups together so that businesses of all sizes can quickly search for, find, and download affordable visual content to enhance their communications.

        We estimate that the market for pre-shot commercial imagery was approximately $4 billion in 2011 and that it will grow to approximately $6 billion by 2016, based on a study conducted on our behalf in August 2012 by L.E.K. Consulting LLC, or L.E.K. Within this market, the "traditional stock photography" segment, which has historically served larger businesses, is expected to remain stable at approximately $2.3 billion between 2011 and 2016. The stock photography marketplace segment along with the market for all other commercial digital imagery (i.e., stock illustrations, vectors and video templates and fonts)clips) is expected to grow 15-20% annually during that same period to a total of more than $3.5 billion in 2016.

Challenges in the Market for Commercial Digital Imagery

        Even with the advent of websites capable of sourcing and providing commercial digital imagery, significant challenges remain for users of many online marketplaces, including limited selection, difficulties in finding images quickly, high or complex pricing, poor image quality, and a lack of appropriate licensing and legal protection. At the same time, the creators of commercial digital imagery face obstacles to easily upload, market and distribute their images to a large audience. They also lack tools for discovering the kinds of content that customers demand.

The Shutterstock Solution

Key Benefits for Our Users

Millions of commercial-qualityhigh-quality images and video clips available for commercial use

 

We currently provide a licensable digital content librarycollection of more than 2028 million images and more than 1 million video clips, one of the largest librariescollections of its kind. We source our content from over 35,00040,000 approved image contributors in more than 125100 countries.




Superior search results


 

We consider our proprietary search interface and algorithms to be intuitive and efficient, allowing users with widely ranging search queries to quickly find the most suitable image for their needs. We believe that, with one of the highest volumes of downloads of commercial imagescontent in 2011,2012, we have the data to power the best search experience in our industry.


Table of Contents




Low cost of imagescontent


 

Our affordable pricing models enable users to download content for as little as $0.28 per download. Across our pricing plans, customers paypaid an average of approximately $2.00$2.23 per image.download in 2012. We believe that our disruptive pricing models increase the number of businesses that can participate in the market for commercial imagery and the volume of images that they use.increase the number of downloads that we deliver.




Creative freedom through simple pricing


 

Our subscription-based pricing model makes the creative process easier. Subscription users can download any image in our librarycollection at any resolution we offer for use in their creative process without worrying about incremental cost. For users who need fewer images,less content, we offer simple, affordable, On Demand pricing, which is presented as a flat rate across all imagescontent and sizes that we offer.


Table of Contents

100% vetted, commercial-quality imagescontent

 Each

We are highly focused on maintaining the quality of our imagescollection. Our content has been vetted by a member of our review team for standards of quality and relevance. We also leverage proprietary review technology to pre-filter images and video clips and enhance the productivity of our reviewers. Less than 20% of contributor applicants who applied in 2012 were approved as contributors to shutterstock.com, and less than 70% of content uploaded by approved contributors in 2012 satisfied our rigorous acceptance requirements.




Appropriately licensed imagescontent


 

Our review process is designed to ensure that every image and video clip is appropriately licensed for its intended use. The strength of our review process enables us to offer $10,000 of indemnification protection to every customer to cover legal costs or damages that may arise from their use of a Shutterstock image.content. In certain cases, we offer even greater indemnification levels through custom contracts.


Table of Contents

Key Benefits for Our Contributors

Distribution to the largest, global audience

 

In 2011,2012, shutterstock.com received an average of more than 7approximately 10 million monthly unique visitors and more than 4365 million monthly page views according to comScore Media Metrix, and we delivered more than 5876 million paid downloads. According to industry surveys, contributors who have images available on our site generate more income through Shutterstock than through any other sites with which they are registered.




Global ecommerce capabilities


 

Our global ecommerce platform allows us to process payments from across the world in eight10 currencies, and our users can currently transact on our flagship website in ten20 languages.




Efficient uploading, tagging and review process


 

Based on user feedback and competitive benchmarking, we believe that we have the most efficient upload, tagging and review process of all of the major competitors in our industry.




Robust feedback, tools and information


 

Our contributors can monitor download activity by image and geography, as well as by self-defined image themes. We also provide data on search trends, allowing content creators to see which images and subjects are popular on our site, and to plan new content themes accordingly.




Specialized community


 

We operate a forum for the photographers, videographers and illustrators that make up our contributor community, allowing them to share tips with one another and to showcase their work.

Shutterstock's Competitive Strengths

        In addition to the compelling value propositions that we offer to users and contributors, we believe that the following competitive advantages separate us from our competitors:

        A Leading Global Marketplace with Strong Network Effects.    Our content librarycollection is currently one of the largest in the commercial digital imagery industry, with over 2028 million photographs and illustrationsimages and more than 550,0001 million video clips, from more than 35,00040,000 contributors. We believe that the growth of our content librarycollection and the growth in our site traffic support one another through a strong network effect—a broader selection of images and video clips from our contributors attracts more image and video users; this larger audience of paying


Table of Contents

users increases the amount spent in our marketplace and attracts more content submissions from a greater number of contributors.

        Extensive Data and Superior Search.    We believe that we have achieved one of the highest volumes of commercial image downloads of any company in our industry. In 20112012 alone, we delivered more than 5876 million paid downloads and thedownloads. The number of contributor-generated image tags in our library grew tocollection is currently more than 550995 million. This user-generated data, coupled with our investments in technology and our many years of experience in developing search algorithms for our industry, have enabled us to create what we believe is the best search experience available.


Table of Contents

        Simple, Flexible and Low-Cost Pricing.    Our customers' average cost per image is approximately $2.00.download was $2.23 in 2012. Our subscription plans, which we pioneered in the industry, generate an important sense of creative freedom for our professional users. Additionally, we offer simple and cost-effective On Demand purchase options for less frequent users. The simplicity and affordability of these plans have allowed us to broaden our existing and potential user base, and deliver a high volume of paid downloads for our contributors.

        Trusted, Actively Managed Marketplace.    We are committed to providing a trusted online marketplace for appropriately licensed, high-quality commercial imagery.imagery and video. Our rigorous review process for new images ensures the integrity and quality of content in our library.collection. Each image and video clip is individually examined by our team of trained reviewers to meet our high standards of quality and commercial viability. This review process is designed to minimize the legal risk to our users from inappropriately licensed imagery.

Shutterstock's Growth Strategies

        Acquire More Users and Contributors.    Our active user base of SMBs currently represents a very small fraction of the global total of SMBs. We view this as a marketing opportunity. MuchA significant portion of our growth to date has been driven by word of mouth recommendations; we plan to continue to foster word of mouth by continuing to grow our librarycollection and deliver exceptional service. Additionally, we expect to increase our investments in online and offline marketing to help raise awareness in our core customer and contributor communities as well as in additional market segments and geographies.

        Lead Innovation in User and Contributor Experience.    With one of the largest collections of images in the industry, and one of the highest volumes of site traffic and commercial image downloads, we believe that we have more information on the marketplace and user needs than any of our competitors. We intend to use this advantagedata to continue to improve the quality of our search algorithms and user experience. We also plan to enhance the tools we offer contributors to help them easily establish their portfolioportfolios on our site, track their performance and explore opportunities to create content that customers need. Furthermore, we intend to roll out new product offerings and product extensions that we believe will create deeper relationships with our core communities and attract new users to our sites.

        Increase Localization.    We are a global company, with contributors and users in more than 150 countries, contributors in more than 100 countries and a website that is available in ten20 languages. We plan to deepen our global penetration among users and contributors by improving the quality of the Shutterstock experience, regardless of language or location. There is significant unmet demand for localized content, such as images with locally relevant themes, customs, objects and ethnicities. We plan to increase the geographical diversity of our contributor community so that we can provide the images demanded by our increasingly global user base.

        Increase Our Penetration of Media Agencies and Large Enterprises.    To date, the majority of our revenue has been generated from small and medium-sized businesses purchasing online. Currently, less than 10%15% of our revenue is generated through direct sales to large organizations. We believe that we have a strong value proposition for large media agencies and enterprises, which have historically purchased commercial


Table of Contents

imagery via sales-driven relationships. We are working to increase our revenue from these companies through a direct sales approach and by offering tailored purchase options.

        Pursue Emerging Content Types.    Alternative content types such as video footage represent significant opportunities for growth. Given the convergence of photography and video tools, we believe that our network effects in still image licensing will help propel our efforts in the video market. In addition to video, we see opportunities in other emerging digital content areas that may be relevant to our customers.


Table of Contents

Risks Associated with Our Business

        Our business is subject to a number of risks of which you should be aware before making an investment decision. These risks are discussed more fully in the section of this prospectus titled "Risk Factors," and include but are not limited to:

Company Information

        Our principal office is located at 60 Broad Street, 30th Floor, New York, New York 10004, and our telephone number is (646) 419-4452. Our corporate website address is www.shutterstock.com. We do not incorporate the information contained on,in, or accessiblethat can be accessed through, our corporate website into this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus. After launching our marketplace in 2003, we organized in the State of New York as Shutterstock, Inc. in December 2004, and we became Shutterstock Images LLC in June 2007. Prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part,On October 5, 2012, we will reorganizereorganized from Shutterstock Images LLC, a New York limited liability company, or the LLC, to Shutterstock, Inc., a Delaware corporation, referred to as the "Reorganization." In this prospectus, "we," "us," "our," "Company" and "Shutterstock" refer to Shutterstock, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

        "Shutterstock,""Shutterstock", "Offset", "Skillfeed", "Bigstock" and "Big Stock Photo" are registered trademarks or logos appearing in this prospectus and are the property of Shutterstock, Inc. or one of our subsidiaries. All other trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.

 


Table of Contents


THE OFFERING

Common stock offered:

Common stock offered byBy Shutterstock

 

1,000,000 shares

By the selling stockholders

 

4,500,0002,000,000 shares

Total

3,000,000 shares

Common stock to be outstanding after this offering

 32,838,281

34,692,311 shares (33,513,281(34,842,311 shares if the over-allotmentunderwriters' option to purchase additional shares is exercised in full)

Underwriters' option to purchase additional shares

The underwriters have an option to purchase a maximum of 150,000 additional shares of common stock from us and a maximum of 300,000 additional shares of common stock from the selling stockholders at the price to public less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters could exercise this option at any time within 30 days from the date of the prospectus.

Use of proceeds

 

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering will be approximately $54.2 million, assuming an initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the range on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The principal purposes of this offering are to facilitate an orderly distribution of shares for the selling stockholders, to increase our public float, and to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, increase our visibility in the marketplace and create a public market for our common stock.flexibility. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to repay all or a portion of the term loan facility that we entered into on September 21, 2012. Additionally, we may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary companies, products or technologies, although we currently do not have any acquisitions or investments planned. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares to be offered by the selling stockholders. See "Use of Proceeds" for additional information.

Risk factors

 

See "Risk Factors" and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.

Proposed NYSE symbol

 

"SSTK"

        The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding following this offering is based on 28,338,28133,692,311 shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 25, 2012, after giving effect to our reorganization from a New York limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, as described more fully under "Reorganization,"June 30, 2013, and excludes:


Table of Contents

        Except as otherwise indicated, information in this prospectus reflects or assumes the following:

        As discussed in greater detail under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Transactions" below, we recently entered into a term loan facility. Following the final distribution to members described above, the borrowingscommon stock from the term loan facility will be used to fund the short-term capital needs of our operations until we generate additional cash flow from operations following this offering.

selling stockholders.

 


Table of Contents


SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED HISTORICAL AND UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL DATA

        The following tables summarize our consolidated financial and other data for the periods ended and as of the dates indicated. We derived the consolidated statements of operations data for each of the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 20112012 from our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. We derived the consolidated statements of operations data for each of the six months ended June 30, 20112012 and 20122013 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 20122013 from our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have prepared the unaudited financial information on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and have included, in our opinion, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the financial information set forth in those statements.

        Our historic results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future.future, and our interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. You should read this data together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes, "Capitalization," "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Statements," "Selected Consolidated Financial Data," and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this prospectus.

        We derived the unaudited pro forma data and the unaudited pro forma as adjusted data for the year ended December 31, 2011, for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and as of June 30, 2012 from the pro forma data and the pro forma as adjusted data provided in "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Statements" included elsewhere in this prospectus. The pro forma and the pro forma as adjusted unaudited consolidated statements of operations data and the pro forma and the pro forma as adjusted unaudited balance sheet data were prepared as if the reorganization transactions described in "Reorganization" and this offering had taken place on January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012, respectively.

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 
 
 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
  
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

                

Revenue

 $82,973 $120,271 $169,616 $78,199 $107,926 

Operating expenses:

                

Cost of revenue

  32,353  45,504  64,676  29,825  41,589 

Sales and marketing

  17,820  31,929  45,107  23,333  25,292 

Product development

  4,591  9,777  16,330  6,860  9,615 

General and administrative(1)

  8,414  10,171  21,651  8,177  10,514 
            

Total operating expenses

  63,178  97,381  147,764  68,195  87,010 
            

Income from operations

  19,795  22,890  21,852  10,004  20,916 

Other income (expense), net

  19  10  (47) 5  8 
            

Income before income taxes

  19,814  22,900  21,805  10,009  20,924 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes(2)

  876  1,036  (25,738) 227  8,496 
            

Net income

 $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 $9,782 $12,428 
            

Less:

                

Preferred interest distributed

  6,475  7,144  9,000  3,788   

Preferred interest accretion

  7,068  4,058       

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholder / members

  (3,659) (2,692) (4,086) (1,342) 41 
            

Net income available to common stockholders / members

 $9,054 $13,354 $42,629 $7,336 $12,387 
            

        The adjustments to the pro forma statements of operations data and the pro forma balance sheet data give effect to our corporate reorganization and related transactions as described in "Reorganization," including:

        The adjustments to the pro forma as adjusted statements of operations data and the pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data give effect to our pro forma adjustments as described above for the Reorganization and the effect of this offering based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), including:

 


Table of Contents

        The pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data gives effect to the net assumed proceeds of $54.2 million in this offering while the pro forma as adjusted net income per share calculation includes 1,433,571 incremental shares necessary to pay the distributions in excess of earnings for the previous twelve months, and 857,143 incremental shares necessary to repay the new term loan facility. The remaining 2,209,286 shares issued in this offering are excluded from the pro forma as adjusted net income per share calculation since the proceeds will be used for general corporate and working capital purposes.

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
 
 2009 2010 2011 2011
Pro forma
 2011 Pro
forma as
adjusted
 2011 2012 2012
Pro forma
 2012 Pro
forma as
adjusted
 
 
 (in thousands, except share and per share data)
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

                            

Revenue

 $61,099 $82,973 $120,271 $120,271 $120,271 $54,387 $78,199 $78,199 $78,199 

Operating expenses:

                            

Cost of revenue

  21,826  32,353  45,504  45,504  45,504  21,156  30,103  30,103  30,103 

Sales and marketing

  10,949  17,820  31,929  31,929  31,929  13,836  23,127  23,127  23,127 

Research and development

  2,361  4,591  9,777  9,777  9,777  4,255  7,070  7,070  7,070 

General and administrative(1)

  6,217  8,414  10,171  9,706  9,706  4,297  7,895  7,223  7,223 
                    

Total operating expenses

  41,353  63,178  97,381  96,916  96,916  43,544  68,195  67,523  67,523 
                    

Income from operations

  19,746  19,795  22,890  23,355  23,355  10,843  10,004  10,676  10,676 

Interest income

  5  19  10  10  10  7  5  5  5 
                    

Income before income taxes

  19,751  19,814  22,900  23,365  23,365  10,850  10,009  10,681  10,681 

Provision for income taxes(2)

  909  876  1,036  10,005  10,005  462  227  4,662  4,662 
                    

Net income

 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $13,360 $13,360 $10,388 $9,782 $6,019 $6,019 
                    

Pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock(3):

                            

Basic (unaudited)

             $0.44          $0.20 

Diluted (unaudited)

             $0.44          $0.20 

Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock(3):

                            

Basic (unaudited)

              30,480,415           30,497,718 

Diluted (unaudited)

              30,480,415           30,516,888 
 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 
 
 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
  
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders / members:

                

Distributed

 $0.94 $1.03 $1.14 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.50) (0.39) 0.65  (0.19) 0.37 
            

Net income per share (basic)

 $0.44 $0.64 $1.79 $0.35 $0.37 
            

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders / members:

                

Distributed

 $0.94 $1.03 $1.13 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.50) (0.39) 0.66  (0.19) 0.37 
            

Net income per share (diluted)

 $0.44 $0.64 $1.79 $0.35 $0.37 
            

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                

Basic

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,785,299  20,849,242  33,435,439 

Diluted

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,833,223  20,849,242  33,903,898 

(1)
IncludesThe following table summarizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense included in the Company's statement of $1,833, $1,114, $2,122, $1,657 and $1,657 foroperations. Prior to the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2011 pro forma and 2011 pro formaReorganization on October 5, 2012, there was no non-cash equity-based compensation expense related to the stock options as adjusted and $791, $2,157, $1,485 and $1,485 for the six months ended June 30, 2011, 2012, 2012 pro forma and 2012 pro forma as adjusted, respectively. See pro forma notes (h) and (i) on page 49 for a descriptionresult of the pro forma non-cash equity compensation adjustments.

a change-of-control condition:

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 
 
 (in thousands)
 
 
  
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Cost of revenue

 $ $ $219 $ $165 

Sales and marketing

      783    507 

Product development

      1,696    584 

General and administrative

  1,114  2,122  7,687  2,157  1,314 
            

Total

 $1,114 $2,122 $10,385 $2,157 $2,570 
            
(2)
For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 andPrior to October 5, 2012, we operated as a New York limited liability company for federal and state income tax purposes, taxed as a partnership, and therefore were not subject to federal and state income taxes. In connection with the Reorganization, we recorded a one-time non-cash tax benefit of $28.8 million. Following the Reorganization, we will becomebecame subject to income taxes. The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012 assumes a combined federal, state and city income tax rate of 39.4%. The actual combined tax rate will depend on many factors and may be higher or lower than the assumed rate.

 


Table of Contents

(3)
See pro forma note (n) on pages 50 to 51 for a description and reconciliation of the pro forma weighted average shares outstanding.

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
 
 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012 

Other Financial and Operational Data:

                

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands)(1)

 $21,983 $21,783 $26,532 $12,258 $13,321 

Free cash flow (in thousands)(2)

 $26,399 $27,591 $36,095 $18,377 $16,053 

Paid downloads (in millions) (during period)(3)

  
34.0
  
44.1
  
58.6
  
27.7
  
35.9
 

Revenue per download (during period)(4)

 $1.80 $1.88 $2.05 $1.97 $2.18 

Images in our library (in millions) (end of period)(5)

  8.9  13.3  17.4  15.2  20.2 
 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

Other Financial and Operational Data:

                

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands)(1)

 $21,783 $26,532 $34,877 $13,321 $25,211 

Non-GAAP net income (in thousands)(2)

 $20,044 $23,913 $27,921 $11,890 $13,969 

Free cash flow (in thousands)(3)

 $27,591 $36,095 $41,773 $16,307 $14,820 

Paid downloads (in millions) (during period)(4)

  44.1  58.6  76.0  35.9  46.7 

Revenue per download (during period)(5)

 $1.88 $2.05 $2.23 $2.18 $2.31 

Images in our collection (in millions) (end of period)(6)

  13.3  17.4  23.3  20.2  27.3 

(1)
See "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below as to how we define and calculate Adjusted EBITDA and for a reconciliation between Adjusted EBITDA and net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure presented on a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, basis and a discussion about the limitations of Adjusted EBITDA.

(2)
See "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below as to how we define and calculate Non-GAAP Net Income and for a reconciliation between Non-GAAP Net Income and net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure and a discussion about the limitations of Non-GAAP Net Income.

(3)
See "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below as to how we define and calculate Free Cash Flow and for a reconciliation between Free Cash Flow and net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure and a discussion about the limitations of Free Cash Flow.

(3)(4)
Paid downloads is the number of paid image and video clip downloads that our customers make during a given period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operating Metrics—Paid Downloads" for more information as to how we define and calculate paid downloads.

(4)(5)
Revenue per download is the amount of revenue recognized in a given period divided by the number of paid downloads in that period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operating Metrics—Revenue per Download" for more information as to how we define and calculate paid revenue per download.

(5)(6)
Images in our librarycollection is the total number of photographs, vectors and illustrations available on shutterstock.com to customers at the end of the period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operating Metrics—Images in our Library"Collection" for more information as to how we define and calculate paid images in our library.collection.



 As of June 30, 2012  As of June 30, 2013 

 Actual Pro forma(1) Pro forma
as adjusted(2)
  Actual As Adjusted(1) 

 (in thousands)
(unaudited)

  (in thousands)
(unaudited)

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

  

Cash and cash equivalents

 $15,042 $9,592 $54,349  $112,803 $165,832 

Working capital (deficit)

 (33,432) (36,151) 18,039 

Working capital

 73,512 126,541 

Property and equipment, net

 5,479 5,479 5,479  6,778 6,778 

Total assets

 30,229 39,409 81,599  172,548 225,577 

Deferred revenue

 33,626 33,626 33,626  46,736 46,736 

Term loan facility

  12,000  

Total liabilities

 59,801 67,924 55,924  76,946 76,946 

Redeemable preferred members' interest

 29,937   

Common members' interest

 5,699   

Total members' interest (deficit)

 (59,509)   

Total stockholders' equity

  (28,515) 25,675  $95,602 $148,631 

(1)
Presented on a pro forma basis to giveThe as adjusted column in the balance sheet data table above gives effect to: (i) the reclassification of all common and preferred members' interests to shares of common stock; (ii) the reclassification of an executive officer's profits interest award from other non-current liabilities to common stock; (iii) deferred tax assets and liabilities at an assumed combined federal, state, and city tax rate of 39.4%; (iv) recognition of the term loan facility we entered into on September 21, 2012; (v) distributions to be made to members prior to the Reorganization;sale and (vi) a balance sheet adjustment associated with the vestingissuance by us of equity awards.


Table of Contents

(2)
Presented on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to: (i) the adjustments described in note (1) above; (ii) the sale of 4,500,0001,000,000 shares of common stock by us in this offering atbased upon an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00$56.47 per share, which is the midpointlast reported sale price of the price range set forthour common stock on the cover of this prospectus,New York Stock Exchange on September 12, 2013, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us in connection with this offering; (iii) the accelerated vestingus.


Table of 50% of the unvested profits interest award granted to the executive officer in connection with this offering; (iv) reclassification of deferred offering costs from working capital and total assets to additional paid-in capital; and (v) reflects repayment of the term loan facility we entered into on September 21, 2012.Contents

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA

        To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed within this prospectus Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income from operations beforeadjusted for other (income) expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and non-cash equity-based compensation, interest and taxes.compensation. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure of operating performance because it allows management, investors and others to evaluate and compare our core operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our asset base (depreciation and amortization), non-cash equity-based compensation, interest and taxes.

        Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider this measure in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, as the excluded items may have significant effects on our operating results and financial condition. When evaluating our performance, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income and our other GAAP results. Additionally, our Adjusted EBITDA measure may differ from other companies' Adjusted EBITDA as it is a non-GAAP disclosure.

        The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure:


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
  Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
 

 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

 (in thousands)
  
  
  (in thousands)
 

Net income

 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $10,388 $9,782  $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 $9,782 $12,428 

Non-GAAP adjustments:

  

Depreciation and amortization

 404 874 1,520 624 1,160  874 1,520 2,640 1,160 1,725 

Non-cash equity-based compensation

 1,833 1,114 2,122 791 2,157  1,114 2,122 10,385 2,157 2,570 

Interest (income)

 (5) (19) (10) (7) (5)

Provision for income taxes

 909 876 1,036 462 227 

Other (income) expense, net

 (19) (10) 47 (5) (8)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 876 1,036 (25,738) 227 8,496 
                      

Adjusted EBITDA

 $21,983 $21,783 $26,532 $12,258 $13,321  $21,783 $26,532 $34,877 $13,321 $25,211 
                      

Non-GAAP Net Income

        To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed within this prospectus non-GAAP net income, a non-GAAP financial measure. We define non-GAAP net income as net income excluding the one-time tax benefit due to the Reorganization and the after-tax impact of non-cash equity-based compensation. We believe non-GAAP net income is an important measure of operating performance because it allows management, investors and others to evaluate and compare our operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our one-time tax benefit due to the Reorganization in October 2012, non-cash equity-based compensation, and the tax benefit for the deductible non-cash equity-based compensation. Our use of non-GAAP net income has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider this measure in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP as the excluded items may have significant effects on our operating results and financial condition. When evaluating our performance, you should consider non-GAAP net income alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income and our other GAAP results. Additionally, our non-GAAP net income measure may differ from other companies' non-GAAP net income as it is a non-GAAP disclosure.


Table of Contents

        The following is a reconciliation of Non-GAAP net income to net income, the most directly comparable GAAP measure:

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
 
 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 
 
 (in thousands)
 

Net income

 $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 $9,782 $12,428 

Non-GAAP adjustments:

                

One-time tax benefit due to the Reorganization

      (28,811)    

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  1,114  2,122  10,385  2,157  2,570 

Non-cash equity-based compensation tax benefit

  (8) (73) (1,196) (49) (1,029)
            

Non-GAAP net income

 $20,044 $23,913 $27,921 $11,890 $13,969 
            

Free Cash Flow

        To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed within this prospectus Free Cash Flow, a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Free Cash Flow as our cash provided by (used in) operating activities, adjusted to exclude cash interestfor capital expenditures and other income and subtracting capital expenditures.(expense). We believe that Free Cash Flow is an important measure of liquidity because it allows management, investors and others to evaluate the cash that we generate after the financing of projects required to maintain or expand our asset base. When evaluating our performance, you should consider Free Cash Flow alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income and our other GAAP results. Additionally, our Free Cash Flow measure may differ from other companies' Free Cash Flow as it is a non-GAAP disclosure.

        


Table of Contents

The following is a reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP measure:


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
  Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
 

 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

 (in thousands)
  
  
  (in thousands)
 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $27,151 $28,726 $39,547 $19,938 $18,922  $28,726 $39,547 $45,534 $18,922 $17,814 

Interest income

 5 19 10 7 5 

Other income (expense), net

 19 10 (47) 5 8 

Capital expenditures

 (747) (1,116) (3,442) (1,554) (2,864) (1,116) (3,442) (3,808) (2,610) (2,986)
                      

Free cash flow

 $26,399 $27,591 $36,095 $18,377 $16,053  $27,591 $36,095 $41,773 $16,307 $14,820 
                      

 


Table of Contents


RISK FACTORS

        This offering and an investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with the financial and other information contained in this prospectus, before deciding whether to invest in shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, or operating results, cash flow and prospects could be materially adversely affected. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, and you may lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

The success of our business depends on our ability to continue to attract and retain customers and contributors to our online marketplace for commercial digital imagery.

        The success of our business and our future growth depends significantly on our ability to continue to attract new customers and contributors, as well as continue to retain newexisting customers and contributors, to our online marketplace for commercial digital imagery. To maintain and increase our revenue, we must regularly add new customers and retain our existing customers. An increase in paying customers has generally attracted more images and video clips from contributors, which increases our content selection and in turn attracts additional paying customers. To attract new customers and contributors and retain existing customers and contributors, we rely heavily on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, the size and content of our image librarycollection and the functionality and features of our marketplace. Our marketing efforts may be unsuccessful, our image librarycollection may fail to grow as anticipated and new technologies may render the systems and features of our marketplace obsolete, any of which would adversely affect our results of operations and future growth prospects.

Our business depends in large part on repeat customer purchases from both our subscription-based and our On Demand purchase options. If customers reduce or cease their spending with us, or if content contributors reduce or end their participation in our marketplace, our business will be harmed.

        The majority of our revenue is derived from customers who have purchased with us in the past. As a result, our future performance largely depends on our ability to motivate our customers to continue to purchase from us. A key factor in creating such an incentive is our ability to provide customers with the images they seek and to refresh and grow our librarycollection of digital imagery based on current and future trends. We seek to achieve these goals by attracting new contributors to our marketplace and by retaining our existing contributors. If we are unable to attract new contributors, retain existing contributors or add new imagery to our online marketplace, or if we fail to do so in a timely manner, customers requiring new and up-to-date content may reduce their spending with us. Another key factor in retaining our existing customers is our ability to deliver a user experience that continues to meet customers' needs, including the quality and accuracy of our search algorithms. If we are unable to maintain or improve upon the user experience that we deliver customers in a way that motivates our customers to continue to purchase from us, our business would be harmed. Furthermore, although historically the gross margins and revenue retention rates from our subscription-based and our On Demand purchase options have been substantially similar, there can be no assurance that this will continue in future periods. To the extent that revenue from our On Demand purchases continues to increase as a percentage of our total revenue, we will become more dependent upon such purchase options.

We operate in a new and rapidly changing market, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.

        The market for commercial digital imagery is a relatively new and rapidly changing market that may not develop as expected. Our business strategy and projections rely on a number of assumptions about the market for commercial digital imagery, including the size and projected growth of the market over the next


Table of Contents

several years. Some or all of these assumptions may be incorrect. The market for online commercial digital


Table of Contents

imagery may not develop as we expect or as third party analysts have forecasted or we may fail to address the needs of this market.

        The limited history of the market in which we operate makes it difficult to effectively assess our future prospects, and you should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we encounter in this evolving market. These risks and difficulties include our ability to:

        We may not be able to successfully address these risks and difficulties or others, including those described elsewhere in these risk factors. We cannot accurately predict whether our products and services will achieve significant acceptance by potential customers in significantly larger numbers than at present. You should therefore not rely on our historic growth rates as an indication of future growth.

Our business is highly competitive. Competition presents an ongoing threat to the success of our business.

        The commercial digital imagery industry is intensely competitive. Competition may result in loss of market share, pricing pressures or reduced profit margins, any of which could substantially harm our business and results of operations. We compete with a wide array of companies, from significant media companies to individual imagery creators, to provide commercial digital imagery to users of such imagery. These competitors include:

        We believe that the principal competitive factors in the commercial digital imagery industry are: brand awareness; company reputation; the quality, relevance and diversity of images; the ability to source new imagery; the licensability of images and the degree to which image users are protected from legal risk; the effective use of current and emerging technology; the accessibility of imagery, distribution capability, and speed and ease of search and fulfillment; customer service; and the global nature of a company's interfaces


Table of Contents

and marketing efforts, including local languages, currencies, and payment methods. In addition, demand


Table of Contents

for our services is sensitive to price. Many external factors, including our technology and personnel costs and our competitors' pricing and marketing strategies, could significantly impact our pricing strategies. If we fail to meet our customers' price expectations, we could lose customers. A drop in our prices without a corresponding increase in volume would negatively impact our revenues.revenue.

        Some of our existing and potential competitors have or may obtain significantly greater financial, marketing or other resources or greater brand awareness than we have. Some of these competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or expanding technology and devote more resources to product development, marketing or content acquisition than we can. If competitors offer higher royalties, easier contribution workflows, less selective vetting processes or convince contributors to distribute their content on an exclusive basis, contributors may choose to stop distributing new content with us or remove their existing content from our library.collection. Competitors may also seek to develop new products, technologies or capabilities that could render obsolete or less competitive many of the products, services and content types that we offer. If we are unable to compete successfully against our competitors, our growth prospects and results of operations may be adversely affected.

New competitors could enter our market and we may be unsuccessful in competing with these new entrants.

        New competitors may enter our market, particularly if technological advances or other market dynamics make creating, sourcing, archiving, indexing, reviewing, searching or delivering commercial digital images easier or more affordable. While we believe that there are obstacles to creating a meaningful network effect between customers and contributors, the barriers to creating a website that allows for the sale of digital content are low, which could result in greater competition. Our contributors, for example, may freely offer the images they provide to us to our competitors and may remove their images at any time. New entrants may raise significant amounts of capital and they may choose to prioritize increasing their market share and brand awareness over profitability, including, for example, by offering higher royalties for exclusivity. Additionally, larger, more established and better capitalized entities may acquire, invest in or partner with our competitors or leverage their own image-related competencies to enter our market. If we are unable to compete successfully against new entrants, our growth prospects and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We may not be able to prevent the misuse of our imagery and we may be subject to infringement claims.

        We rely on intellectual property laws and contractual restrictions to protect our rights and the imagery in our library.collection. Certain countries are very lax in enforcing intellectual property laws. Litigation in those countries will likely be costly and ineffective. Consequently, these intellectual property laws afford us only limited protection. Unauthorized parties have attempted, and may attempt, to improperly use our licensed digital imagery. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to prevent the unauthorized use of our digital imagery or that we will be successful in stopping such use once it is detected.

        We have been subject to a variety of third-party infringement claims in the past and will likely be subject to similar claims in the future. We license all of our digital imagery from photographers, illustrators and videographers, and, although we have staff committed to reviewing each image that we accept into our library,collection, we cannot guarantee that each contributor holds the rights or releases he or she claims or that such rights and releases are adequate. As a result, we may be subject to infringement claims or other claims by third parties. Furthermore, we offer our customers indemnification of up to $10,000 for legal costs and direct damages arising from the use of an image or video footage licensed through us. We also offer some of our customers custom contracts that either provide for larger indemnification amounts or unlimited indemnification. However, our contractual maximum liability may not be enforceable in all jurisdictions. We maintain insurance policies to cover potential intellectual property disputes. Since 2009, we have received approximately 3035 customer claims for indemnification. Following investigation of such claims, lessfewer than one-third resulted in our making a cash payment to settle such claims. Aggregate amounts paid


Table of Contents

to date to settle customer indemnification claims have not been material. Although we have insurance to


Table of Contents

cover indemnification claims, and although, to date, these claims have not resulted in any material liability to us, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, expenses related to such claims and related settlements, which may increase over time.

        If a third-party infringement claim or series of claims is brought against us for uninsured liabilities or in excess of our insurance coverage, our business could suffer. In addition, we may not be able to maintain insurance coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts or scope to protect us against all losses. Any claims against us, regardless of their merit, could severely harm our financial condition and reputation, strain our management and financial resources, and adversely affect our business.

Assertions by third parties of infringement or other violations by us of intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and operating results.

        Internet, technology and media companies are frequently subject to litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation or other violations of intellectual property rights or rights related to their use of technology. Some internet, technology and media companies, including some of our competitors, own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, which they may use to assert claims against us. Third parties may in the future assert that we have infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated their intellectual property rights, and as we face increasing competition, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us grows. Such litigation may involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners who have no relevant product revenue, and therefore our own issued and pending patents may provide little or no deterrence to these patent owners in bringing intellectual property rights claims against us. Existing laws and regulations are evolving and subject to different interpretations, and various federal and state legislative or regulatory bodies may expand current or enact new laws or regulations. We cannot assure you that we are not infringing or violating any third-party intellectual property rights or rights related to use of technology.

        We cannot predict whether assertions of third-party intellectual property rights or any infringement or misappropriation or other claims arising from such assertions will substantially harm our business and operating results. If we are forced to defend against any infringement or misappropriation claims, whether they are with or without merit, are settled out of court, or are determined in our favor, we may be required to expend significant time and financial resources on the defense of such claims. Furthermore, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys' fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed a party's intellectual property; cease making, licensing or using content that is alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development resources to redesign our technology; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies, content, or materials; and to indemnify our partners and other third parties. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required or desirable, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may require significant royalty payments and other expenditures. In addition, any lawsuits regarding intellectual property rights, regardless of their success, could be expensive to resolve and would divert the time and attention of our management and technical personnel.

Unless we increase market awareness of our company and our services, our revenue may not continue to grow.

        We believe that our ability to attract and retain new customers and contributors depends in large part on our ability to increase our brand awareness within our industry. In order to increase the number of our customers and contributors, we may be required to expend greater resources on advertising, marketing, and other brand-building efforts to preserve and enhance customer and contributor awareness of our brand. Currently, a significant portion of our marketing spending consists of search engine marketing, which exposes us to risk in the event that one or more large search engines were to reconfigure their algorithms in such a way that would result in less business for us.


Table of Contents

        Our marketing campaigns or other efforts to increase our brand awareness may not succeed in bringing new visitors to our online marketplace or converting such visitors to paying customers or contributors and may not be cost-effective. Our brand may be impaired by a number of other factors, including disruptions in service due to technology issues, data privacy and security issues, and exploitation of our trademarks and other intellectual property by others without our permission.

We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods. If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business and operating results may suffer.

        We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, significant growth, which has placed, and will continue to place, significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. We expect that our growth strategy will require us to commit substantial financial, operational and technical resources. Continued growth could also strain our ability to maintain reliable operation of our online marketplaces for our customers and contributors, develop and improve our operational, financial and management controls, enhance our reporting systems and procedures and recruit, train and retain highly skilled personnel. As our operations grow in size, scope and complexity, we will need to improve and upgrade our systems and infrastructure, which will require significant expenditures and allocation of valuable management resources. If we fail to allocate limited resources effectively in our organization as it grows, our business, operating results and financial condition will suffer.

One of our strategic goals is to generate a larger percentage of our revenue from larger companies, which may place greater demands on us in terms of increased service, indemnification or working capital requirements, any of which could increase our costs or substantially harm our business and operating results.

        One of our strategic goals is to increase the percentage of our revenuesrevenue that come from larger companies, in addition to the small and medium-size companies from whom we have generated the majority of our revenue historically. In order to win the business of larger companies, we may face greater demands in terms of increased service requirements, greater indemnification requirements, greater pricing pressure, and greater working capital to accommodate the larger receivables and collections issues that are likely to occur as a result of being paid on credit terms. If we are unable to adequately address those demands, it may affect our ability to grow our business in this segment, which may adversely affect our results of operations and future growth. If we address those demands in a way that expands our risk of infringement claims, significantly increases our operating costs, reduces our ability to maintain or increase pricing, or increases our working capital requirements, our business, operating results and financial condition may suffer.

Continuing expansion into international markets is important for our growth, and as we continue to expand internationally, we face additional business, political, regulatory, operational, financial and economic risks, any of which could increase our costs or otherwise limit our growth.

        Continuing to expand our business to attract customers and contributors in countries other than the United States is a critical element of our business strategy. In 2011,2012, approximately 66%65% of our revenue was derived from customers located outside of North America. While a significant portion of our customers reside outside of the United States, we have a limited operating history as a company outside the United States. We expect to continue to devote significant resources to international expansion through establishing additional offices, hiring additional overseas personnel and exploring acquisition opportunities. In addition, we expect to increase marketing for our foreign language offerings and to further localize our librarycollection and user experience for foreign markets. Our ability to expand our business and to attract talented employees, and customers and contributors in an increasing number of international markets requires considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges of supporting a rapidly growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures,


Table of Contents

cultures, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems, regulatory systems and commercial infrastructures. Expanding our international focus may subject us to risks that we have not faced before or increase risks that we currently face, including risks associated with:

        These risks may make it impossible or prohibitively expensive to expand to new international markets, or delay entry into such markets, which may affect our ability to grow our business.

Following ourAs a result of the Reorganization, we will beare subject to entity-level taxation, which will result in significantly greater income tax expense than we have incurred historically.

        Historically,Prior to the Reorganization on October 5, 2012, we have operated as a New York limited liability company. As a limited liability company, we recognizerecognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the entity itself, arewere subject to income tax on their allocated share of our earnings. Prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part,On October 5, 2012, we will reorganizereorganized as a Delaware corporation. Consequently, on a going-forward basis, we will beare currently subject to entity-level taxation even though historically Shutterstock Images LLC hasdid not had to pay U.S. federal or state income taxes. As a result, our corporate income tax rate will increasehas increased significantly asnow that we becomeare subject to federal, state and additional city income taxes.

Our operations may expose us to greater than anticipated income tax liabilities, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

        We plan to structure our activities in a manner so as to minimize our tax liabilities. However, we have operations in various taxing jurisdictions in the United States and foreign countries, and there is a risk that our tax liabilities in one or more jurisdictions could be more than reported relative to prior taxable periods and more than anticipated relative to future taxable periods.

        In addition, the determination of our worldwide provision for income taxes, tax withholdings and other tax liabilities requires significant judgment and there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, our ultimate tax liability may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial statements and may materially


Table of Contents

adversely affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made. We have created reserves with respect to such tax liabilities where we believe it to be appropriate. However, there can be no assurance that our ultimate tax liability will not exceed the reserves that we have created.

        Furthermore, the current administration of the U.S. federal government has made public statements indicating that it has made international tax reform a priority, and key members of the U.S. Congress have conducted hearings and proposed changes to U.S. tax laws. Recent changes to U.S. tax laws, including limitations on the ability of taxpayers to claim and utilize foreign tax credits and the deferral of certain tax deductions until earnings outside of the United States are repatriated to the United States, as well as other changes to U.S. tax laws that may be enacted in the future, could impact the tax treatment of our foreign earnings. Due to the large and expanding scale of our international business activities, any changes in the U.S. taxation of such activities may increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.

We currently have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to compliance with certain tax regulations, that, if not properly remediated, could impair our ability to comply with the accounting and reporting requirements applicable to public companies.

        In connection with the audit of our financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting with respect to our tax compliance process. Specifically, it was determined that we did not have adequate procedures and controls to appropriately comply with, and account for, certain non-income tax regulations. These non-income tax issues related to underpayment of international consumption tax, sales and use tax and royalty withholdings compliance. A material weakness is defined as a significant deficiency, or a combination of significant deficiencies, that results in a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented by our internal control over financial reporting. A significant deficiency means a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects our ability to initiate, record, process or report financial data reliably in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a remote likelihood that a misstatement of our financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or detected by our internal control over financial reporting.

        We are workingbegan to remediate the material weakness. We have begun taking numerous steps and plan to take additional steps to remediate the underlying causes of thethis material weakness primarily through a search for aduring fiscal years 2012 and 2013 by increasing the level of tax specialistexpertise within our finance department, by hiring an external accounting firm with the appropriate knowledge and ability to supplement internal resources in the review process and to fulfill our obligations to comply with the accounting and reporting requirements applicable to public companies, and by updating our systems in order to collect the necessary data and taxes to comply with our required tax compliance processes. We intend to hire a tax specialist with the appropriate knowledge and ability to fulfill our obligations to comply with the accounting and reporting requirements applicable to public companies. The actions that we are taking are subject to ongoing senior management review, as well as audit committee oversight. We were unable to fully remediate this material weakness during fiscal year 2012 and, therefore, the material weakness was not remediated as of December 31, 2012. Although we plan to complete this remediation process as quickly as possible, we cannot at this time estimate how long it will take, and our initiatives may not prove to be successful in remediating this material weakness. If we are unable to successfully remediate this material weakness, it could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our SEC reporting obligations or applicable stock exchange listing requirements on a timely basis, cause our stock price to be adversely affected or result in inaccurate financial reporting or material misstatements in our annual or interim financial statements.

Our operations may expose us to greater than anticipated sales and transaction tax liabilities, including VAT, which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

        We may have exposure to sales or other transaction taxes (including VAT) on our past and future transactions. A successful assertion by any state or local jurisdiction or country that we failed to pay such sales or other transaction taxes, or the imposition of new laws requiring the payment of such taxes, could


Table of Contents

result in substantial tax liabilities related to past sales, create increased administrative burdens or costs,


Table of Contents

discourage customers from purchasing images from us, or otherwise substantially harm our business and results of operations. See also "—Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock—We currently have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to compliance with certain tax regulations that, if not properly remediated, could impair our ability to comply with the accounting and reporting requirements applicable to public companies."

If we do not respond to technological changes or upgrade our website and technology systems, our growth prospects and results of operations could be adversely affected.

        To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the functionality and features of our websites in addition to our infrastructure. Although we currently do not have specific plans for any infrastructure upgrades that would require significant capital investment outside of the normal course of business, in the future we will need to improve and upgrade our technology, database systems and network infrastructure in order to allow our business to grow in both size and scope. Without such improvements, our operations might suffer from unanticipated system disruptions, slow application performance or unreliable service levels, any of which could negatively affect our reputation and ability to attract and retain customers and contributors. Furthermore, in order to continue to attract and retain new customers, we are likely to incur expenses in connection with continuously updating and improving our user interface and experience. We may face significant delays in introducing new services, products and enhancements. If competitors introduce new products and services using new technologies or if new industry standards and practices emerge, our existing websites and our proprietary technology and systems may become obsolete or less competitive, and our business may be harmed. In addition, the expansion and improvement of our systems and infrastructure may require us to commit substantial financial, operational and technical resources, with no assurance that our business will improve.

Technological interruptions that impair access to our websites or the efficiency of our marketplace would damage our reputation and brand and adversely affect our results of operations.

        The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our websites and our network infrastructure are critical to our reputation, our ability to attract and retain both customers and contributors to our online marketplace and our ability to maintain adequate customer service levels. Any system interruptions that result in the unavailability of our websites could result in negative publicity, damage our reputation and brand or adversely affect our results of operations. We may experience temporary system interruptions for a variety of reasons, including security breaches and other security incidents, viruses, telecommunication and other network failures, power failures, software errors, data corruption or an overwhelming number of visitors trying to reach our websites during periods of strong demand. We rely upon third-party service providers, such as co-location and cloud service providers, for our data centers and application hosting, and we are dependent on these third parties to provide continuous power, cooling, internet connectivity and physical security for our servers. In the event that these third-party providers experience any interruption in operations or cease business for any reason, or if we are unable to agree on satisfactory terms for continued hosting relationships, our business could be harmed and we could be forced to enter into a relationship with other service providers or assume hosting responsibilities ourselves. Although we operate two data centers in an active/standby configuration for geographic and vendor redundancy and even though we maintain a third disaster recovery facility to back up our content library,collection, a system disruption at the active data center could result in a noticeable disruption to our websites until all website traffic is redirected to the standby data center. Even a disruption as brief as a few minutes could have a negative impact on marketplace activities and could therefore result in a loss of revenue. Because some of the causes of system interruptions may be outside of our control, we may not be able to remedy such interruptions in a timely manner, or at all. In addition, we have entered into service level agreements with some of our larger customers. Technological interruptions could result in a breach of such agreements and subject us to considerable penalties.


Table of Contents

Failure to protect our intellectual property could substantially harm our business and operating results.

        The success of our business depends on our ability to protect and enforce our patents, trade secrets, trademarks, copyright and all of our other intellectual property rights, including our intellectual property rights underlying our online marketplace and search algorithms. We attempt to protect our intellectual property under trade secret, trademark, copyright and patent law, and through a combination of employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, other contractual restrictions, and other methods. These afford only limited protection. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property rights and trade secrets, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our intellectual property and use our trade secrets and other confidential information. Moreover, policing our intellectual property rights is difficult, costly and may not always be effective. To the extent these unauthorized parties, which may include our competitors, are successful in copying aspects of our search algorithms and our trade secrets, our business could be harmed.

        We have registered "Shutterstock," "Bigstock"or applied to register Shutterstock, Offset, Skillfeed, Bigstock and Big Stock Photo and other marks as trademarks in the United States. Nevertheless, competitors may adopt service names similar to ours, or purchase our trademarks and confusingly similar terms as keywords in internet search engine advertising programs, thereby impeding our ability to build brand identity and possibly leading to confusion among our customers. In addition, there could be potential trade name or trademark infringement claims brought by owners of other registered trademarks or trademarks that incorporate variations of the term Shutterstock or our other trademarks. Any claims or customer confusion related to our trademarks could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and operating results.

        We currently own the www.shutterstock.com internet domain name and various other related domain names. Domain names are generally regulated by internet regulatory bodies. If we lose the ability to use a domain name in a particular country, we would be forced either to incur significant additional expenses to market our products within that country or to elect not to sell products in that country. Either result could harm our business and operating results. The regulation of domain names in the United States and in foreign countries is subject to change. Regulatory bodies could establish additional top-level domains, appoint additional domain name registrars or modify the requirements for holding domain names. As a result, we may not be able to acquire or maintain the domain names that utilize our brand names in the United States or other countries in which we conduct business or in which we may conduct business in the future.

        In order to protect our trade secrets and other confidential information, we rely in part on confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and third parties with whom we have relationships. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of misappropriation of trade secrets or any unauthorized disclosure of trade secrets and other confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and confidential information, and in such cases we could not assert any trade secret rights against such parties. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce or determine the scope of our trade secret rights and related confidentiality and nondisclosure provisions. Failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection, or our competitors' acquisition of our trade secrets or independent development of unpatented technology similar to ours or competing technologies, could adversely affect our competitive business position.

        Litigation or proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other governmental authorities and administrative bodies in the United States and foreign countries may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our patent rights, trademarks, trade secrets and domain names and to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Furthermore, the monitoring and protection of our intellectual property rights may become more difficult, costly and time consuming as we continue to expand internationally, particularly in those markets, such as China and certain other developing countries in Asia, in which legal protection of intellectual property


Table of Contents

rights is less robust than in the United States and in Europe. Our efforts to enforce or protect our


Table of Contents

proprietary rights may be ineffective and could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management time, each of which could substantially harm our operating results.

Much of the software and technologies used to provide our services incorporate, or have been developed with, "open source" software, which may restrict how we use or distribute our services or require that we publicly release certain portions of our source code.

        Much of the software and technologies used to provide our services incorporate, or have been developed with, "open source" software. Such "open source" software may be subject to third party licenses that impose restrictions on our software and services. Examples of "open source" licenses include the GNU General Public License and GNU Lesser General Public License. Such open source licenses typically require that source code subject to the license be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works to open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses. Few courts have interpreted open source licenses, and the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is therefore subject to some uncertainty. We rely on multiple software engineers to design our proprietary technologies, and we do not exercise complete control over the development efforts of our engineers. In the event that portions of our proprietary technology are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our services and technologies and materially and adversely affect our ability to sustain and grow our business.

Our operating results may fluctuate, which could cause our results to fall short of expectations and our stock price to decline.

        Our revenue and operating results could vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period to period basis may not be meaningful. In addition to other risk factors discussed in this "Risk Factors" section, factors that may contribute to the variability of our quarterly and annual results include:


Table of Contents

        Because of these risks and others, it is possible that our future results may be below our expectations and the expectations of analysts and investors. In such an event, the price of our common stock may decline significantly.


Table of Contents

Our failure to protect the confidential information of our customers and our networks against security breaches and the risks associated with credit card fraud could expose us to liability, protracted and costly litigation and damage our reputation.

        We collect limited confidential information in connection with registering customers and contributors and other marketplace-related processes on our websites and, in particular, in connection with processing and remitting payments to and from our customers and contributors. Although we maintain security features on our websites, our security measures may not detect or prevent all attempts to hack our systems, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks and similar disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted by our websites. We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to provide the security and authentication to effectively secure transmission of the confidential information that we process for our customers, and such technology may fail to function properly or may be compromised or breached. Additionally, as described above, we use third-party co-location and cloud service vendors for our data centers and application hosting, and their security measures may not prevent security breaches and other disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in and transmitted through their systems. A party that is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information, cause interruption in our operations, damage or misuse our websites, distribute or delete content owned by our contributors, and misuse the information that they misappropriate. Additionally, our systems may be breached by third parties without our being aware that our systems or data have been compromised. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against such security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. In addition, a significant cybersecuritycyber-security breach could result in payment networks prohibiting us from processing transactions on their networks. Security and fraud-related issues are likely to become more challenging as we expand our operations.

        Furthermore, some of the software and services that we use to operate our business, including our internal email and customer relationship management software, are hosted by third parties. If these services were to be interrupted or were to cause us to lose control of confidential information, our business operations could be disrupted and we could be exposed to liability and costly litigation.

        Under current credit card practices, we are liable for fraudulent credit card transactions because we do not obtain a cardholder's signature. We do not currently carry insurance against this risk. To date, we have experienced minimal losses from credit card fraud, but we continue to face the risk of significant losses from this type of fraud.

        If any compromise of our security were to occur, we may lose customers and our reputation, business, financial condition and operating results could be harmed. Any compromise of security may result in us being out of compliance with U.S. federal and state, and international laws and we may be subject to lawsuits, fines, criminal penalties, statutory damages, and other costs. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any regulatory requirements or orders or other federal, state, or international privacy or consumer protection-related laws and regulations, could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, subject us to significant penalties and negative publicity, and adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, our failure to adequately control fraudulent credit card transactions could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.


Table of Contents

Government regulation of the internet, both in the United States and abroad, is evolving and unfavorable changes could have a negative impact on our business.

        The adoption, modification or interpretation of laws or regulations relating to the internet, ecommerce or other areas of our business could adversely affect the manner in which we conduct our business or the overall popularity or growth in use of the internet. Such laws and regulations may cover a vast array of activities, for example, automatic contract or subscription renewal, credit card fraud and processing, procedures, sales, advertising and other procedures, taxation, tariffs, user privacy, data management and protection, pricing, content, copyrights, distribution, electronic contracts, consumer protection,


Table of Contents

outsourcing, broadband residential internet access and the characteristics and quality of services.products or services, and intellectual property ownership and infringement. In certain countries, such as those in Europe, such laws may be more restrictive than in the United States. It is not clear how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes, and personal privacy apply to the internet and ecommerce as the vast majority of these laws were adopted prior to the advent of the internet and do not contemplate or address the unique issues raised by the internet or ecommerce. Those laws that do referencerelate to the internet are only beginning to beat various stages of being interpreted by the courts and agencies, and thus, the scope and reach of their applicability and reach are thereforecan be uncertain. For example, the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act imposes additional restrictions onin the U.S. regulates the ability of online services to collect useror use certain information from minors.children under the age of 13. If we are required to comply with new regulations or legislation or new interpretations of existing regulations or legislation, this compliance could cause us to incur additional expenses, make it more difficult to renew subscriptions automatically, make it more difficult to attract new subscribers or otherwise alter our business model.model, or cause us to divert resources and funds to address government or private investigatory or adversarial proceedings. Any of these outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

        We currently operateprovide content licensing to customers in more than 150 countries. The privacy, data protection, censorship and liability standards and other potentially applicable rules or regulations, and different intellectual property laws that apply in each of those foreign countries, may be different than those that apply to companies operating solely withinin the United States. To the extent that any local laws or regulations apply to our company or operations and we are deemed to not be in compliance with applicable local laws and regulations,them, our business may be harmed.

Expansion of our operations into additional content categories may subject us to additional business, legal, financial and competitive risks.

        Currently, our operations are focused in significant part on digital still images. Further expansion of our operations and our marketplace into video footage or additional content categories involves numerous risks and challenges, including increased capital requirements, potential new competitors and the need to develop new contributor and strategic relationships. Growth into additional content areas may require changes to our existing business model and cost structure and modifications to our infrastructure and may expose us to new regulatory and legal risks, any of which may require expertise in which we have little or no experience. There is no guarantee that we will be able to generate sufficient revenue from sales of such content to offset the costs of acquiring such content.

The impact of worldwide economic conditions, including effects on advertising and marketing budgets, may adversely affect our business and operating results.

        Our financial condition is affected by worldwide economic conditions and their impact on advertising spending. Expenditures by advertisers generally tend to reflect overall economic conditions, and to the extent that the economy stagnates, companies may reduce their spending on advertising and marketing, and thus the use of our online marketplace. This could have a serious adverse impact on our business. To the extent that overall economic conditions reduce spending on advertising and marketing activities, our ability to retain current and obtain new customers could be hindered, which could reduce our revenue and negatively impact our business.


Table of Contents

Our loan agreement contains operating and financial covenants that may restrict our business and financing activities.

        We are party to a loan and security agreement relating to our term loan facility with Silicon Valley Bank. The term loan made under this loan and security agreement is secured by substantially all of our assets, not including our intellectual property. Our loan and security agreement restricts our ability to:

        In addition, the loan and security agreement provides that we satisfy certain financial covenants including minimum earnings and liquidity requirements. The operating and financial restrictions and covenants in the loan and security agreement, as well as any future financing agreements that we may enter into, may restrict our ability to finance our operations, engage in business activities or expand or fully pursue our business strategies. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and we may not be able to meet those covenants. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the loan and security agreement, which could cause all of the outstanding indebtedness under both facilities to become immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit.

        If we are unable to generate sufficient cash available to repay our debt obligations when they become due and payable, either when they mature or in the event of a default, we may not be able to obtain additional debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all, which may negatively affect our ability to continue as a going concern.

The loss of key personnel, an inability to attract and retain additional personnel or difficulties in the integration of new members of our management team into our company could affect our ability to successfully grow our business.

        Our future success will depend upon our ability to identify, attract, retain and motivate highly skilled technical, managerial, product development, marketing, content operations and customer service employees. Competition for qualified personnel is intense in our industry. We cannot guarantee that we will be successful in our efforts to attract such personnel.

        We are highly dependent on the continued service and performance of our senior management team, as well as key technical and marketing personnel. Our inability to find suitable replacements for any of the members of our senior management team and our key technical and marketing personnel, should they


Table of Contents

leave our employ, would adversely impair our ability to implement our business strategy and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Several members of our senior management team joined us in 2010 and 2011. These individuals are currently becoming integrated with the rest of our team.since 2010. We believe the successful integration of our management team is critical to managing our operations effectively and to supporting our growth.


Table of Contents

If we cannot maintain our corporate culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork and focus that contribute crucially to our business.

        We believe that a critical component of our success is our corporate culture, which we believe fosters innovation, encourages teamwork, cultivates creativity and promotes a focus on execution. We have invested substantial time, energy and resources in building a highly collaborative team that works together effectively in a non-hierarchical environment designed to promote openness, honesty, mutual respect and pursuit of common goals. As we develop the infrastructure of a public company and continue to grow, we may find it difficult to maintain these valuable aspects of our corporate culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively impact our future success, including our ability to attract and retain employees, encourage innovation and teamwork and effectively focus on and pursue our corporate objectives.

If we do not successfully integrate past or potential future acquisitions, our business could be adversely impacted.

        We have in the past pursued, and we may in the future pursue, acquisitions that are complementary to our existing business and that may expand our employee base and the breadth of our offerings. Future acquisitions or investments could result in potential dilutive issuances of equity securities, use of significant cash balances or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities or amortization expenses related to goodwill and other intangible assets, any of which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. The benefits of an acquisition or investment may also take considerable time to develop, and we cannot be certain that any particular acquisition or investment will produce the intended benefits.

        Integration of a new company's operations, assets and personnel into ours will require significant attention from our management. The diversion of our management's attention away from our business and any difficulties encountered in the integration process could harm our ability to manage our business. Future acquisitions will also expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with any acquired liabilities, the integration of new operations, technologies and personnel, unforeseen or hidden liabilities, information security vulnerabilities, the diversion of resources from our existing businesses, sites and technologies, the inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset the costs and expenses of acquisitions, and potential loss of, or harm to, our relationships with employees, customers, contributors and other suppliers as a result of integration of new businesses.

We may need to raise additional capital in the future and may be unable to do so on acceptable terms or at all.

        We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new features or functions of our online marketplace, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses, personnel and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional capital. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our common stock. Any debt financing we secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business may be harmed.


Table of Contents

We are subject to payments-related risks that may result in higher operating costs or the inability to process payments, either of which could harm our financial condition and results of operations.

        We accept payments using a variety of methods, including credit cards and debit cards. As we offer new payment options to consumers, we may be subject to additional regulations, compliance requirements and fraud. For certain payment methods, including credit and debit cards, we pay interchange and other fees, which may increase over time and raise our operating costs and lower profitability. We rely on third parties to provide payment processing services, including the processing of credit cards and debit cards, and it could disrupt our business if these companies became unwilling or unable to provide these services to us. We are also subject to payment card association operating rules, certification requirements and rules governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and lose our ability to accept credit and debit card payments from consumers or facilitate other types of online payments.

        We are also subject to, or voluntarily comply with, a number of other laws and regulations relating to money laundering, international money transfers, privacy and information security and electronic fund transfers. If we were found to be in violation of applicable laws or regulations, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties or forced to cease our operations.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could adversely affect our results.

        Because we conduct a growing portion of our business outside of the United States but report our financial results in U.S. Dollars, we face exposure to adverse movements in currency exchange rates. Our foreign operations are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results are translated from the local currency into U.S. Dollars upon consolidation. If the U.S. Dollar weakens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currency denominated transactions will result in increased revenue, operating expenses and net income. Similarly, if the U.S. Dollar strengthens against foreign currencies, the translation of these foreign currency denominated transactiontransactions will result in decreased revenue, operating expenses and net income. As exchange rates vary, sales and other operating results, when translated, may differ materially from expectations.

        We have foreign currency risks related to foreign-currency denominated revenues.revenue. All amounts owed and paid to our foreign contributors are denominated and paid in U.S. Dollars. In general, wetransactions in foreign currencies are apaid net receiver of currencies other than the U.S. Dollar.foreign-currency exchange rate charges. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S. Dollar, will negatively affect our revenue and other operating results as expressed in U.S. Dollars.

        Because we have determined our functional currency to be the U.S. Dollar, we have not experienced material fluctuations in our net income as a result of translation gains or losses. During 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, our foreign currency transaction gains and losses were immaterial. At this time we do not, but we may in the future, enter into derivatives or other financial instruments in order to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk. It is difficult to predict the impact hedging activities would have on our results of operations.

We depend on the continued growth of online commerce and the continued adoption of digital imagery. If these trends do not continue, our growth prospects and results of operations could be adversely impacted.

        The business of selling goods and services over the internet is dynamic and relatively new. Concerns about fraud, privacy and other problems may discourage additional consumers from adopting the internet as a medium of commerce. In countries such as the U.S. and the United Kingdom, where our services and online commerce generally have been available for some time and the level of market penetration of our services is higher than in other countries, acquiring new customers may be more difficult and costly than it has been in the past. In order to expand our customer base, we may need to appeal to and acquire


Table of Contents

customers who historically have used traditional means of commerce to purchase goods and services. If these target customers prove to be less active than our earlier customers our business could be adversely impacted.


Table of Contents

        In addition, our growth is highly dependent upon the continued demand for imagery. The commercial digital imagery market is rapidly evolving, characterized by changing technologies, intense price competition, introduction of new competitors, evolving industry standards, frequent new service announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors. To the extent that demand for imagery does not continue to grow as expected, our revenue growth will suffer.

The non-payment of amounts due to us from certain of our larger customers may negatively impact our financial condition.

        Our revenue generated through direct sales to large organizations has grown and currently represents less than 15% of our total revenue. A portion of these customers typically purchase our products on credit and therefore we assume a credit risk for non-payment in the ordinary course of business. Although we evaluate the credit worthiness of new customers and perform ongoing financial condition evaluations of our existing customers, there can be no assurance that our allowances for uncollected accounts receivable balances will be sufficient. As of June 30, 2013, our allowance for doubtful accounts was $384,000. As our direct sales continue to grow, we expect to increase our allowance for doubtful accounts primarily as the result of increased sales to customers who pay on credit.

Our business depends on the development and maintenance of the internet infrastructure. If the internet infrastructure experiences outages or delays our business could be adversely impacted.

        The success of our services will depend largely on the development and maintenance of the internet infrastructure. This includes maintenance of a reliable network backbone with the necessary speed, data capacity and security, as well as the timely development of complementary products, for providing reliable internet access and services. The internet has experienced, and is likely to continue to experience, significant growth in the number of users and amount of traffic. The internet infrastructure may be unable to support such demands. In addition, increasing numbers of users, increasing bandwidth requirements or problems caused by viruses, worms, malware and similar programs may harm the performance of the internet. The backbone network of the internet has been the target of such programs. The internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damage to portions of its infrastructure, and it could face outages and delays in the future. These outages and delays could reduce the level of internet usage generally as well as the level of usage of our services, which could adversely impact our business.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fires, floods and other natural catastrophic events and to interruption by man-made problems such as terrorism or computer viruses.

        Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, fires, floods, power losses, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, acts of war, human errors, break-ins or similar events. For example, a significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire or flood, could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial condition, and our insurance coverage may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur. In addition, acts of terrorism could cause disruptions in our business or the economy as a whole. Our principal executive offices are located in New York City, a region that has experienced acts of terrorism in the past. Our servers may also be vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins and similar disruptions from unauthorized tampering with our computer systems, which could lead to interruptions, delays, loss of critical data or the unauthorized disclosure of confidential customer data. Although we have disaster recovery capabilities, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer from business interruption as a result of any such events. As we rely heavily on our servers, computer and communications systems and the internet to conduct our business and provide high qualityhigh-quality service to our customers and contributors, such disruptions could negatively impact our ability to run our business, result in loss of existing or potential customers and contributors and increased maintenance costs, which would adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.


Table of Contents

Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock

Our sharestock price mayhas been and will likely continue to be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

        The trading price of our common stock has fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate substantially. Since shares of our common stock were sold in our initial public offering in October 2012 at a price of $17.00 per share, the reported high and low sales prices of our common stock have ranged from $21.00 to $60.95 through September 12, 2013. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock since you may be unable to sell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.price you paid in this offering.

        The initial public offering price for our shares will be determined by negotiations between us and representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market. The market price of our common stock depends on a number of factors, including those described in this "Risk Factors" section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. Factors that could be subject to widecause fluctuations in response to many risk factors listed in this section, both within and outsidethe trading price of our control, including,common stock include, but are not limited to, the following:

        Furthermore, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many companies. These fluctuations often have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general economic, political and market conditions such as recessions, interest rate changes or international currency fluctuations, may negatively impact the market price of our common stock. If the market price of our common stock after this offering does not exceed the initial public offering price, you may not realize any return on your investment in us and may lose some or all of your investment. In the past, certain companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their common stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management's attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.

There has been no prior market for our common stock and an active trading market may not develop.

        Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. An active trading market may not develop following the closing of this offering or, if developed, may not be sustained. The lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares of common stock at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. The lack of an active market may also reduce the fair market value and increase the volatility of your shares of common stock. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling shares of common stock and may impair our ability to acquire other companies or technologies by using our shares of common stock as consideration.

Future sales of our common stock in the public market could cause our share price to decline.

        Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market following our initial publicthis offering, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. Based on the number of shares outstanding as of September 25, 2012,June 30, 2013, we will have 32,838,28134,692,311 shares of our common stock outstanding upon the closing of this offering (or 33,513,28134,842,311 shares of our common stock if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full their over-allotment option)full).

        AllOf these outstanding shares, all of the 5,175,000 shares of common stock sold in our initial public offering and all of the 3,000,000 shares of common stock sold in this offering are or will be freely tradable in the United States without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, except for any


Table of Contents

shares heldpurchased by our affiliates"affiliates" as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The remaining 28,338,281holders of 22,858,173 shares of outstanding common stock outstanding after this offering, basedhave agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain extensions, not to dispose of or hedge any of their common stock


Table of Contents

during the 90-day period beginning on shares outstanding as of September 25, 2012, will be restricted as a result of securities laws, lock-up agreements or other contractual restrictions that restrict transfers for at least 180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to certain extensions.

except with the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. may, at their discretion, release all or some portion of the shares subject to lock-up agreements prior to expiration of the lock-up period. After the expiration of the 90-day lock-up period, these shares may be sold in the public market in the United States, subject to prior registration in the United States, if required, or reliance upon an exemption from U.S. registration, including, in the case of shares held by affiliates or control persons, compliance with the volume restrictions of Rule 144.

        AfterUpon completion of this offering, the holdersstockholders owning an aggregate of 28,338,28122,958,370 shares are entitled, under a registration rights agreement, to require us to register shares of our common stock will be entitled to rights with respect toowned by them for public sale in the United States. In addition, we filed registration of these shares under the Securities Act pursuant to an investors' rights agreement. We also intend to file a registration statementstatements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act covering all ofto register the 8,750,000 shares of common stock subject to outstanding VAR grants, as well as options and sharesthat have been issued or are reserved for future issuance under our under our 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and our 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Once we register theseSubject to the satisfaction of applicable exercise periods and, in certain cases, lock-up agreements with the representatives of the underwriters referred to above, the shares they canof common stock issued upon exercise of outstanding options and the shares of common stock issued pursuant to our 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan will be freely soldavailable for immediate resale in the public market upon issuance and vesting, subject to the lock-up agreements describedUnited States in the section of this prospectus captioned "Underwriting" and contained in the terms of such plans, oropen market, unless they are held by "affiliates," as that term is defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act.

        Sales of our common stock as restrictions end or pursuant to registration rights may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. We may also issue our shares of common stock or securities convertible into our common stock from time to time in connection with a financing, acquisition, investment or otherwise. Any such issuancesales or issuances could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.

Jonathan Oringer, our founder, and other significant investors will control approximately 56.6%64.6% of our outstanding shares of common stock after this offering, and this concentration of ownership may have an effect on transactions that are otherwise favorable to our shareholders.stockholders.

        Upon completion of this offering, Jonathan Oringer, our founder and largest stockholder, will beneficially own approximately 56.6%48.9% of our outstanding shares of common stock, or approximately 55.5%48.0% if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option to purchase additional shares in full. In addition, certain funds affiliated with Insight Venture Partners, or Insight, will beneficially own approximately 21.3%15.7% of our outstanding shares of common stock, or approximately 20.8%15.4% if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option to purchase additional shares in full. As a result, Mr. Oringer and Insight will collectively control the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors. This concentration of ownership may also delay, deter or prevent a change in control, and may make some transactions more difficult or impossible to complete without the support of these shareholders,stockholders, regardless of the impact of thissuch transaction on our other shareholders.stockholders.

We have incurred and will continue to incur increased costs and our management will face increased demands as a result of operating as a public company.

        As a public company, weWe have incurred and will continue to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a privateresult of becoming a public company. In addition, our administrative staff has performed and will continue to be required to perform additional tasks. For example, in anticipation of becomingas a public company, we will need to adopt additional internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures and bear all of the internal and external costs of preparing and distributing periodic public reports in compliance with our obligations under applicable securities laws.laws and New York Stock Exchange rules.

        In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act and related regulations implemented by


Table of Contents

the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, and the stock exchanges are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to new and proposed rules and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new


Table of Contents

guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management's time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed. We also expect that being a public companyhave incurred and these new rules and regulations will make it more expensive for uscontinue to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage.directors' and officers' insurance as a result of becoming a public company. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and attract and retain qualified executive officers.

        The increased costs associated with operating as a public company may decrease our net income or increase our net loss, and may cause us to reduce costs in other areas of our business or increase the prices of our products or services to offset the effect of such increased costs. Additionally, if these requirements divert our management's attention from other business concerns, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The recently enacted JOBS Act will allow us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations and to reduce the amount of information provided in reports filed with the SEC. We cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our common stock less attractive to investors.

        We are and we will remain an "emerging growth company" until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which our total annual revenues equalrevenue equals or exceedexceeds $1 billion (subject to adjustment for inflation), (ii) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of our initial public offering, (iii) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt, or (iv) the date on which we are deemed a "large accelerated filer" under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an "emerging growth company" as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not "emerging growth companies" including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholderstockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we will rely on some or all of these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile. If we avail ourselves of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements, our reduced disclosure may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate us and may result in less investor confidence.


Table of Contents

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately or in a timely fashion, and we may not be able to prevent fraud; in such case, our stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and could negatively impact the price of our stock.

        Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable, timely financial reports and prevent fraud. In addition, Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require us to evaluate and report on our internal control over financial reporting beginning with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2013. The process of implementing our internal controls and complying with


Table of Contents

Section 404 will be expensive and time-consuming, and will require significant attention of management. We cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we implement and maintain adequate controls over our financial processes and reporting in the future. Even if we conclude that our internal control over financial reporting provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect fraud or misstatements. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. If we discover a material weakness, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market's confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price.

        Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until we are no longer an "emerging growth company," as described above. At such time that an attestation is required, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event that it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating. Our remediation efforts may not enable us to avoid a material weakness in the future.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company and may affect the trading price of our common stock.

        Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws to be effective upon the closing of this offering will contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our board of directors. Our corporate governance documents will include provisions that:

        As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of


Table of Contents

our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without the prior approval of our board of directors or the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock.

        These provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law, alone or together, could delay or deter hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management. Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these


Table of Contents

provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.

Purchasers in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the book value of their investment.

        The initial public offering price of our common stock is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. Therefore, if you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of your investment. Based upon the issuance and sale of 4,500,000 shares of common stock by us at an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), you will incur immediate dilution of approximately $13.29 in the pro forma net tangible book value per share if you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering. For a further description of the dilution that you will experience immediately after this offering, see the section captioned "Dilution." Furthermore, investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering will only own approximately 13.7% of our outstanding shares of common stock, after completion of this offering, even though their aggregate investment will represent 100.0% of the total consideration received by us in connection with all initial sales of 28,379,000 shares of our capital stock outstanding as of June 30, 2012, after giving effect to the issuance of shares of our common stock in this offering. To the extent outstanding options to purchase our common stock are exercised, investors purchasing our common stock in this offering will experience further dilution.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

        The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the proceeds we receive in this offering and might not apply the proceeds in ways that increase the value of your investment.

        Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering and you will be relying on their judgment in applying these proceeds. Our management might not apply our net proceeds in ways that ultimately increase the value of your investment. We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures, which may in the future include investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, services or technologies. Our management might not be able to yield a significant return, if any, on any investment of these net proceeds. You will not have the opportunity to influence our decisions on how to use our net proceeds from this offering.

After the completion of this offering, weWe do not expect to declare any dividends in the foreseeable future.

        After the completion of this offering, weWe do not anticipate declaring any cash dividends to holders of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Consequently, investors may need to rely on sales of their common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investment. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase our common stock.


Table of Contents


SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        This prospectus includes forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition of our business. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management's good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events, and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause such differences include, but are not limited to:

        In addition, in this prospectus, the words "believe," "may," "will," "would," "should," "could," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "intend," "expect," "predict," "potential" and similar expressions, as they relate to our company, our business and our management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In light of these risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this prospectus may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

        Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus. You should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except to the extent required by applicable laws. If we update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.


Table of Contents


INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

        Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning our industry and the markets in which we operate, including our general expectations and market position, market opportunity and market size, is based on information from various sources, on assumptions that we have made that are based on those data and other similar sources and on our knowledge of the markets for our products. These sources include industry publications, reports, surveys and forecasts prepared by IDC, BIA/Kelsey, Cisco, IBISWorld, Netcraft, comScore and MagnaGlobal, as well as a report commissioned by us and prepared by L.E.K. Consulting LLC. These data from such sources involve a number of assumptions and limitations, and contain projections and estimates based on various assumptions of the future performance of the industry in which we operate, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. While we believe the market position, market opportunity and market size information included in this prospectus to be generally reliable, such information is inherently imprecise and we cannot give you any assurance that any of the projected results will be achieved. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate is necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by the independent parties set forth above and by us.


Table of Contents


USE OF PROCEEDS

        We estimate that we will receivethe net proceeds from this offering of approximately $54.2 millionto us from the sale of ourthe shares of our common stock in this offering, oroffered by us will be approximately $63.0$53.0 million, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of common stock to cover over-allotments in full, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00$56.47 per share, (the midpointwhich was the closing price of the price range set forthour common stock as reported on the cover of this prospectus) andNew York Stock Exchange on September 12, 2013, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. If the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares in this offering is exercised in full, we estimate that our net proceeds will be approximately $61.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock by the selling stockholders.

        The principal purposes of this offering are to facilitate an orderly distribution of shares for the selling stockholders, to increase our public float, and to increase our capitalization and financial flexibility, improve our visibility in the marketplace and create a public market for our common stock.flexibility. We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. We anticipate capital expenditures of approximately $3 million for the second half of 2012 relating to the acquisition of additional servers and network connectivity hardware and software and other costs associated with scaling our operations, technology and infrastructure to support our growth.

        We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to repay all or a portion of the term loan facility that we entered into on September 21, 2012 to fund our working capital needs following the final cash distribution to the members of Shutterstock Images LLC prior to our Reorganization. See "Reorganization." We have outstanding borrowings of $12.0 million under the term loan facility and expect to have outstanding borrowings of $12.0 million under the term loan facility as of the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The term loan facility provides for interest on the term loan, at our option, at the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal minus 0.75%, or a LIBOR-based rate plus a margin of 2.00% and matures on the earlier of (i) September 21, 2013 and (ii) the date on which such facility is accelerated following the occurrence of an event of default. We selected the one-month LIBOR-based rate and can select a new interest rate option after the month expires.

        In addition, we may use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary companies, products or technologies, although we currently do not have any acquisitions or investments planned.

        Based on our historicalcurrent cash and cash equivalents balance together with cash generated from operations, as well as borrowings under our term loan facility, we do not expect that we will have to utilize any of the net proceeds to us from this offering to fund our operations during the next 12 months. Therefore, we will have broad discretion over the uses of the net proceeds received in this offering. Pending such uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds from this offering in interest-bearing, investment grade securities.


Table of Contents


MARKET PRICE OF COMMON STOCK

        Our common stock has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SSTK" since October 11, 2012. Prior to that date, there was no public trading market for our common stock. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange:

 
 Low High 

Year ending December 31, 2012

       

Fourth Quarter (beginning October 11, 2012)

 $21.00 $28.63 

Year ending December 31, 2013

       

First Quarter

 $23.31 $45.21 

Second Quarter

 $37.37 $57.49 

Third Quarter (through September 12, 2013)

 $48.05 $60.95 

        On September 12, 2013, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange was $56.47 per share.

        As of June 30, 2013, we had 13 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.


DIVIDEND POLICY

        We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, based upon on our financial condition, results of operations, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant.

        Historically, we have made monthly cash distributions to members of Shutterstock Images LLC with respect to their membership interests. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, distributions to the members of Shutterstock Images LLC were $20.5 million, $25.9 million, $28.6 million, $19.5 million and $15.2 million, respectively. Additionally, since July 1, 2012, we have distributed $5.7 million to the members of Shutterstock Images LLC. Furthermore, the LLC will make a final cash distribution to its members in the aggregate amount of $11.8 million immediately prior to our Reorganization. See "Reorganization."


Table of Contents


REORGANIZATIONCAPITALIZATION

        Shutterstock Images LLC was originally formed as a New York limited liability company in 2007. Prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, we will reorganize from Shutterstock Images LLC, a New York limited liability company, or the LLC, to Shutterstock, Inc., a Delaware corporation, by way of a merger of the LLC with and into Shutterstock, Inc., which prior to the Reorganization was a wholly-owned subsidiary of the LLC. In this "Reorganization":

        See "Description of Capital Stock" for additional information regarding the terms of our common stock following the Reorganization and the terms of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws as will be in effect upon closing of this offering. Concurrently with the consummation of the Reorganization, the operating agreement of the LLC will be terminated. After the Reorganization, Shutterstock, Inc., which is the issuer of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus, will be the parent company of all of our subsidiaries, and will own the assets and conduct the business described in this prospectus.

        As part of the Reorganization, two entities affiliated with Insight Venture Partners that currently own membership interests in the LLC, or the Insight Entities, will merge with and into Shutterstock, Inc. In this merger, the shareholders of the Insight Entities will receive shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. In the merger agreement, the companies that will be merged into us will represent and warrant that they do not have any liabilities that will be assumed by us in the mergers. The merger agreement pursuant to which the Insight Entities will merge with and into Shutterstock, Inc. will also provide for certain customary representations and warranties.

        Pursuant to the operating agreement, the LLC has historically made monthly cash distributions to its members, including those affiliated with our directors, executive officers or beneficial holders of more than 5% of our capital stock. The members of the LLC affiliated with Jonathan Oringer, Insight Venture Partners and Adam Riggs received aggregate distributions of $49.9 million, $18.7 million and $6.4 million, respectively, for the three years ended December 31, 2011. From January 1, 2012 through the date of this prospectus, such members of the LLC have received aggregate distributions of $13.8 million, $5.2 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

        Immediately prior to the Reorganization, the LLC will make a final distribution of cash generated from operations and any cash and cash equivalents on hand, in each case at the time of the distribution, to each of its members. The members of the LLC affiliated with Jonathan Oringer, Insight Venture Partners and Adam Riggs will receive a final cash distribution of $7.8 million, $3.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively, which constitutes approximately all remaining cash and cash equivalents of the LLC at the time of the distribution. Following the Reorganization, no further distributions to members will be made.


Table of Contents

CAPITALIZATION

        The following table summarizes our cash and cash equivalents, and capitalization as of June 30, 2012:2013 on:

        You should read this table in conjunction with "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Statements," "Selected Consolidated Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of


Table of Contents

Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 
 As of June 30, 2012 
 
 Actual Pro forma Pro forma
as adjusted
 
 
 (unaudited)
(in thousands)

 
 
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

 $15,042 $9,592 $54,349 
        

Redeemable preferred members' interest

  29,937     

Members' deficit and Stockholders' equity:

          

Common members' interest

  5,699     

Common stock, $0.01 par value; no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 30,000,000 shares authorized, 28,379,000 issued and outstanding, pro forma; 200,000,000 shares authorized, 32,879,000 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted

    284  332 

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual or pro forma; and 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted

       

Additional paid-in capital (deficit)

    (25,727) 32,177 

Retained earnings (deficit)

    (3,072) (6,834)

Accumulated deficit

  (65,208)    
        

Total members' deficit

  (59,509)    

Total stockholders' equity

    (28,515) 25,675 
        

Total capitalization

 $(29,572)$(28,515)$25,675 
        
 
 As of June 30, 2013 
 
 Actual As Adjusted 
 
 (in thousands)
 
 
 (unaudited)
 

Cash and cash equivalents

 $112,803 $165,832 
      

Stockholders' equity:

       

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized, 33,692,311 issued and outstanding, actual; 200,000,000 shares authorized,              shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted

  337  347 

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, actual; and 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted

     

Additional paid-in capital

  54,520  107,539 

Retained earnings

  40,745  40,745 

Total stockholders' equity

  95,602  148,631 
      

Total capitalization

 $95,602 $148,631 
      

        The number of shares shownof our common stock to be outstanding following this offering is based on 33,692,311 shares of our common stock outstanding as issued and outstanding in the table above gives effect to our Reorganization, which will occur prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, as described under "Reorganization," and this offeringJune 30, 2013, and excludes:

        Except as otherwise indicated, information in this prospectus reflects or assumes the completionfollowing:


Table of Contents

DILUTION

        If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share of our common stock and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering.

        As of June 30, 2012, our pro forma net tangible book value deficit was approximately $(31.0) million or $(1.10) per share of common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total tangible assets less our total liabilities divided by the total number of shares of common stockoptions outstanding as of June 30, 2012, after giving effect2013; and

no exercise by the underwriters of their option to our reorganization from a New York limited liability companypurchase up to a Delaware corporation, as described more fully under "Reorganization." Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per share from the assumed initial public offering price per share. After giving effect to the sale of 4,500,000an additional 150,000 shares of common stock offered byfrom us atand to purchase up to an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), and the adjustments set forth above, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2012 would have been $23.2 million or $0.71 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $1.81 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $13.29 per share to new investors purchasing common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution on a per share basis to new investors:

Assumed initial public offering price per share

    $14.00 

Pro forma net tangible book value deficit per share as of June 30, 2012

 $(1.10)   

Increase attributable to new investors as a result of this offering

  1.81    
       

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after this offering

     0.71 
       

Dilution per share to new investors

    $13.29 
       

        A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus) would increase or decrease our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by approximately $4.5 million, or $0.14 per share of common stock, and the pro forma as adjusted dilution per share to new investors in this offering by approximately $0.85, assuming no change to the number ofadditional 300,000 shares of common stock offered by us as set forth onfrom the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.

        The following table summarizes on a pro forma as adjusted basis, as of June 30, 2012, the differences between the existing stockholders and new investors with respect to the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per share paid. The number of shares purchased from us by existing stockholders, and the per share calculations derived from such number of shares, in this "Dilution" section are based on our common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2012, after giving effect to our Reorganization from a New York limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, as described more fully under "Reorganization." The calculation below is based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), before deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses.

 
 Shares purchased Total consideration  
 
 
 Average
price
per share
 
 
 Number Percent Amount Percent 

Existing stockholders

  28,379,000  86.3%$  0.0%$0.00 

New investors

  4,500,000  13.7  63,000,000  100.0  14.00 
             

Totals

  32,879,000  100.0%$63,000,000  100.0%   
             
selling stockholders.

Table of Contents

        A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share would increase or decrease the total consideration paid by new investors by $4.5 million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same.

        If the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full, the number of shares held by the existing stockholders after this offering would be 28,379,000, or 84.6% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering, and the number of shares held by new investors would be 5,175,000, or 15.4% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering.


Table of Contents


UNAUDITED PRO FORMA AND PRO FORMA AS ADJUSTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

        The following are the unaudited pro forma and pro forma as adjusted consolidated financial statements of Shutterstock Images LLC. The unaudited pro forma consolidated statements of operations information for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012 was prepared as if the transactions described under "Reorganization" and this offering had taken place on January 1, 2011. The unaudited pro forma and pro forma as adjusted consolidated balance sheet information as of June 30, 2012 was prepared as if the Reorganization and this offering had taken place on June 30, 2012. See "Reorganization."

        Prior to the Reorganization, we were organized as a limited liability company. As a limited liability company, we were not subject to U.S. federal or state income taxes and our earnings did not reflect the taxes we will pay as a corporation. In order to reflect our operating expenses, and our tax and capital structure as if we were organized as a corporation, the unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements give effect to our corporate reorganization and related transactions as described in "Reorganization," including:

        The adjustments to the pro forma as adjusted statements of operations data and the pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data give effect to our pro forma adjustments as described above for the Reorganization and the effect of this offering based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), including:

        The pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data gives effect to the net assumed proceeds of $54.2 million in this offering while the pro forma as adjusted net income per share calculation includes 1,433,571


Table of Contents

incremental shares necessary to pay the distributions in excess of earnings for the previous twelve months, and 857,143 incremental shares necessary to repay the term loan facility we entered into on September 21, 2012. The remaining 2,209,286 shares issued in this offering are excluded from the pro forma as adjusted net income per share calculation since the proceeds will be used for general corporate and working capital purposes.

        The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted adjustments above are based upon available information and certain assumptions that management believes are reasonable, factually supportable, directly attributable to either the Reorganization or this offering, and, in connection with pro forma and pro forma as adjusted adjustments related to the statement of operations, expected to have a continuing impact on our results of operations. Adjustments that are based on fair value of the shares are calculated using the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus).

        We believe that the pro forma and pro forma as adjusted consolidated financial statements provide a helpful perspective to better understand our results of operations and our financial position. The unaudited pro forma and pro forma as adjusted consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The unaudited pro forma and pro forma as adjusted consolidated financial statements presented are based upon available information and certain assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The unaudited pro forma and pro forma as adjusted consolidated financial statements do not purport to represent what our results of operations or financial position would have been had the Reorganization or this offering actually occurred on the date or as of the date specified, nor do they purport to project our results of operations for any future period.


Table of Contents

SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA AND PRO FORMA AS ADJUSTED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
As of June 30, 2012
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 
 Actual Pro forma
adjustments
for the
Reorganization
 Pro forma
before Offering
adjustments
 Pro forma
adjustments
for the
Offering
 Pro forma
as adjusted
 

ASSETS

                

Current assets:

                

Cash and cash equivalents

 $15,042 $
(17,450
12,000
)(f)
(k)
$9,592 $
56,757
(12,000
(g)
)(l)
$54,349 

Credit card receivables

  1,488     1,488     1,488 

Accounts receivable, net

  823     823     823 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  3,592     3,592  (2,567)(g) 1,025 

Deferred tax assets

  756  14,731(e) 15,487     15,487 

Due from related party

             
            

Total current assets

  21,701     30,982     73,172 

Property and equipment, net

  5,479     5,479     5,479 

Intangible assets, net

  1,098     1,098     1,098 

Goodwill

  1,423     1,423     1,423 

Deferred tax assets

  101  (101)(e)       

Other assets

  427     427     427 
            

Total assets

 $30,229    $39,409    $81,599 
            

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED MEMBERS' INTEREST, MEMBERS' DEFICIT AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

                

Current liabilities:

                

Accounts payable

 $2,624    $2,624    $2,624 

Accrued expenses

  12,472     12,472     12,472 

Contributor royalties payable

  6,321     6,321     6,321 

Income taxes payable

             

Deferred revenue

  33,626     33,626     33,626 

Term loan facility

   $12,000(k) 12,000 $(12,000)(l)  

Other liabilities

  90     90     90 
            

Total current liabilities

  55,133     67,133     55,133 

Deferred tax liabilities, net

    600(e) 600     600 

Other non-current liabilities

  4,668  (4,477)(b) 191     191 
            

Total liabilities

  59,801     67,924     55,924 

Commitment and contingencies

                

Redeemable preferred members' interest

  29,937  (29,937)(a)       

Members' deficit:

                

Common members' interest

  5,699  (5,699)(a)       

Accumulated deficit

  (65,208) 65,208(a)       
            

Total members' deficit

  (59,509)          

Stockholders' equity:

                

Common stock

    281
3
(a)
(b)
 284  45
3
(g)
(j)
 332 

Additional paid-in capital

    (29,853)
1,788
509
1,829
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
 (25,727) 54,145
3,759
(g)
(j)
 32,177 

Retained earnings (deficit)

    2,686
(509
(1,829
14,030
(17,450
(b)
)(c)
)(d)
(e)
)(f)
 (3,072) (3,762)(j) (6,834)
            

Total stockholders' equity

       (28,515)    25,675 
            

Total liabilities, redeemable preferred members' interest, members' deficit and stockholders' equity

 $30,229   $39,409   $81,599 
            

See Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma and Pro Forma As Adjusted Consolidated Financial Statements.


Table of Contents

SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA AND PRO FORMA AS ADJUSTED CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the year ended December 31, 2011
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 
 Actual Pro forma
adjustments
for the
Reorganization
 Pro forma
before Offering
adjustments
 Pro forma
adjustments
for the
Offering
 Pro forma
as adjusted
 

Revenue

 $120,271    $120,271    $120,271 

Operating expenses:

                

Cost of revenue

  45,504     45,504     45,504 

Sales and marketing

  31,929     31,929     31,929 

Research and development

  9,777     9,777     9,777 

General and administrative

  10,171 $
780
(1,245)
(h)
(i)
 9,706     9,706 
            

Total operating expenses

  97,381     96,916     96,916 
            

Income from operations

  22,890     23,355     23,355 

Interest income

  10     10     10 
            

Income before income taxes

  22,900     23,365     23,365 

Provision for income taxes

  1,036  8,969(m) 10,005     10,005 
            

Net income

 $21,864    $13,360    $13,360 
            

Pro forma as adjusted net income
per share of common stock(n):

    

Basic

             $0.44 

Diluted

             $0.44 

Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock:

                

Basic

              30,480,415 

Diluted

              30,480,415 

See Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma and Pro Forma As Adjusted Consolidated Financial Statements.


Table of Contents

SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA AND PRO FORMA AS ADJUSTED CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the six months ended June 30, 2012
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

 
 Actual Pro forma
adjustments
for the
Reorganization
 Pro forma
before Offering
adjustments
 Pro forma
adjustments
for the
Offering
 Pro forma
as adjusted
 

Revenue

 $78,199    $78,199    $78,199 

Operating expenses:

                

Cost of revenue

  30,103     30,103     30,103 

Sales and marketing

  23,127     23,127     23,127 

Research and development

  7,070     7,070     7,070 

General and administrative

  7,895 $
1,048
(1,720
(h)
)(i)
 7,223     7,223 
            

Total operating expenses

  68,195     67,523     67,523 
            

Income from operations

  10,004     10,676     10,676 

Interest income

  5     5     5 
            

Income before income taxes

  10,009     10,681     10,681 

Provision for income taxes

  227  4,435(m) 4,662     4,662 
            

Net income

 $9,782    $6,019    $6,019 
            

Pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock(n):

                

Basic

             $0.20 

Diluted

             $0.20 

Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock:

                

Basic

              30,497,718 

Diluted

              30,516,888 

See Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma and Pro Forma As Adjusted Consolidated Financial Statements.


Table of Contents


(a)
Represents the reclassification of the balances of all common members' in the amount of $5,699 and preferred members' interests in the amount of $29,937 to common stock in the amount of $281 and additional paid-in capital in the amount of $29,853 upon the Reorganization from a New York limited liability company to a Delaware corporation and recognition of a difference of $67,810 between the book value of the redeemable preferred interests in the amount of $29,937 and the fair value of shares issued in the amount of $97,747 as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital in connection with the Reorganization. The additional paid-in capital net adjustment of $29,853 consists of the following:

Decrease for accumulated deficit reclassification

 $(65,208)

Decrease for recognition of redeemable preferred interest

  (67,810)

Increase for common members' interest reclassification

  5,699 

Increase for recognition of shares issued at $14 per share to settle redeemable preferred interest

  97,747 

Decrease for recognition of common shares at par value

  (281)
    

 $(29,853)
(b)
Represents the reclassification of an executive officer's profits interest award classified as a liability from other non-current liabilities in the amount of $4,477 to common stock in the amount of $3 and additional paid-in capital in the amount of $1,788 and recognition of the difference of $2,686 between the carrying value of the liability and the fair value of the stock issued as an adjustment to retained earnings (deficit) as a result of the exchange of this membership interest in the LLC for shares of the Company's stock in connection with the Reorganization. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(c)
Represents a balance sheet adjustment in the amount of $509 to retained earnings (deficit) and additional paid-in capital related to the vesting of an equity award granted to one of our key employees based on the grant date fair value as a result of the exchange of this membership interest in the LLC for shares of the Company's stock in connection with the Reorganization. See Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(d)
Represents a balance sheet adjustment in the amount of $1,829 to retained earnings (deficit) and additional paid-in capital related to the time-based vesting of grants under our VAR Plan that convert, pursuant to the Reorganization, into options to purchase shares of our common stock that are no longer subject to the change of control condition and vest going forward based on a service condition only, based on the grant date fair value of these awards. See Note 10 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for further description of the VAR Plan.

(e)
We will reorganize from a limited liability company to a Delaware C-corporation prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Prior to the Reorganization, the LLC was treated as a partnership and paid only city unincorporated business income tax. As a corporation, we will be responsible for the payment of all federal and state corporate income taxes in addition to city income tax. As a result, we recorded a net adjustment of $14,030 to retained earnings (deficit) in connection with current deferred tax assets of $15,487 and net long-term deferred tax liabilities of $600 based on an assumed combined federal, state and city income tax rate of 39.4% in connection with the Reorganization.

(f)
Represents a balance sheet adjustment of $17,450 to retained earnings (deficit) and cash and cash equivalents to reflect distributions declared and paid after June 30, 2012 and prior to the Reorganization.

Table of Contents

(g)
Represents the sale of 4,500,000 shares of our common stock by us in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions in the amount of $4,410 and estimated offering expenses in the amount of $4,400 in connection with this offering of which $2,567 has been paid prior to June 30, 2012 and is reflected as a reclassification of deferred offering costs from working capital and total assets to additional paid-in capital.

(h)
In the periods subsequent to the Reorganization, we will begin to incur compensation expense related to the vesting of grants made under our VAR Plan. The recurring compensation expense associated with the VAR Plan is $780 and $1,048 for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. See Note 10 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(i)
Represents an adjustment to the historical compensation expense of $1,245 and $1,720 for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively, associated with the recurring portion of the expense for the restricted stock award received by an executive officer in exchange for the executive officer's profits interest award that had previously been classified as a liability. Due to the exclusion from the pro forma compensation expense of the non-recurring portion of the restricted stock award expense resulting from the 50% acceleration of the award, there is a credit to pro forma adjustments of $1,245 and $1,720 for the respective periods. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(j)
Represents an adjustment in the amount of $3,762 to retained earnings (deficit) and additional paid-in capital related to the accelerated vesting of 50% of the unvested portion of a profits interest award granted to an executive officer and the related issuance of shares of the Company's common stock in connection with this offering based on the exchange date fair value. See Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(k)
Represents a balance sheet adjustment in the amount of $12,000 to increase cash and cash equivalents and term loan facility to reflect the term loan facility entered into on September 21, 2012. Because the reorganization and the offering are assumed to have occurred at the same time for the purpose of the pro forma income statement, no interest expense is recognized, as the term loan facility is deemed to be repaid from the offering proceeds.

(l)
Represents a balance sheet adjustment in the amount of $12,000 to decrease term loan facility and cash and cash equivalents to reflect the repayment of the term loan facility from offering proceeds. Because the reorganization and the offering are assumed to have occurred at the same time for the purpose of the pro forma income statement, no interest expense is recognized, as the term loan facility is deemed to be repaid from the offering proceeds.

(m)
Represents the following in connection with our Reorganization: (i) the tax effect of our reorganization from a limited liability company to a Delaware C-corporation, which will result in an incremental provision for income taxes as a corporation at an assumed combined federal, state and city income tax rate of 39.4% for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012; and (ii) the tax effect of the pro forma adjustments described above on the statement of operations.

Table of Contents

(n)
For the purposes of the pro forma as adjusted basic net income per share of common stock calculations, we have assumed that the Reorganization and this offering took place as of January 1, 2011.


Pro forma as adjusted basic net income per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Pro forma as adjusted diluted net income per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the sum of the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding plus dilutive shares of common stock for the period. Pro forma as adjusted basic and diluted shares of common stock also include an incremental number of shares representing the share equivalent of the dollar amount of the distributions declared and paid from July 1, 2011 through the date of the Reorganization, to the extent such distributions are in excess of earnings for the previous twelve months.


The basic and diluted pro forma as adjusted per share of common stock calculations are presented below (in thousands, except share and per share data). The diluted pro forma as adjusted per share of common stock calculation also assumes the conversion, exercise or issuance of all potential shares of common stock, unless the effect of inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
2011
 Six Months
Ended
June 30,
2012
 

Basic and Diluted pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock

       

Numerator:

       

Net income

 $13,360 $6,019 

Denominator:

       

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—basic before addition for incremental shares related to the Reorganization and this offering

  27,913,623  27,913,623 

Add: Incremental shares representing the reclassification of the vested portion of the executive's profits interest award

  34,050  34,050 

Add: Incremental shares representing the accelerated vesting of 50% of the unvested profits interests award

  121,120  121,120 

Add: Incremental shares representing the reclassification of the vested portion of a key employee's profits interest award

  112,240  112,240 

Add: Incremental shares representing the vested portion of the executive's restricted stock award

    23,071 

Add: Incremental shares representing the vesting of the restricted stock on a weighted average basis

  8,668  2,900 

Add: Incremental shares representing the share equivalent of the dollar amount of distributions that exceeded earnings for the previous twelve months

  1,433,571  1,433,571 

Add: Incremental shares representing the share equivalent of the dollar amount of proceeds used to repay the term loan facility

  857,143  857,143 

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—basic

  30,480,415  30,497,718 

Add: Additional shares arising from the assumed exercise of options and issuance of potentially dilutive unvested restricted shares of common stock

    19,170 
      

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—diluted

  30,480,415  30,516,888 

Pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock—basic

 
$

0.44
 
$

0.20
 
      

Pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock—diluted

 $0.44 $0.20 
      

Table of Contents


Table of Contents

SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

        The following tables set forth our selected consolidated financial and other data. We derived the selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 20102011 and 2011,2012, from our audited consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. We derived the selected consolidated statement of operations data for the six months ended June 30, 20112012 and 20122013 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2012,2013, from our unaudited consolidated financial statements that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. We derived the consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 20072008 and 20082009 and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 20092010 from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this prospectus.

        The adjustments to the pro forma and the pro forma as adjusted statements of operations data give effect to our corporate reorganization and related transactions as described in "Reorganization," and to this offering based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus).

        You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and our


Table of Contents

consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our historic results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future.

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011
Pro forma
(unaudited)
 2011
Pro forma
as adjusted
(unaudited)
 2011 2012 2012
Pro forma
 2011
Pro forma
as adjusted
 
 
 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
  
 (unaudited)
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

                                  

Revenue

 $30,006 $52,744 $61,099 $82,973 $120,271 $120,271 $120,271 $54,387 $78,199 $78,199 $78,199 

Operating expenses:

                                  

Cost of revenue

  9,158  16,903  21,826  32,353  45,504  45,504  45,504  21,156  30,103  30,103  30,103 

Sales and marketing

  6,860  9,308  10,949  17,820  31,929  31,929  31,929  13,836  23,127  23,127  23,127 

Research and development

  1,023  1,120  2,361  4,591  9,777  9,777  9,777  4,255  7,070  7,070  7,070 

General and administrative(1)

  12,373  4,844  6,217  8,414  10,171  9,706  9,706  4,297  7,895  7,223  7,223 
                        

Total operating expenses

  29,414  32,175  41,353  63,178  97,381  96,916  96,916  43,544  68,195  67,523  67,523 
                        

Income from operations

  592  20,569  19,746  19,795  22,890  23,355  23,355  10,843  10,004  10,676  10,676 

Interest income

  1  18  5  19  10  10  10  7  5  5  5 
                        

Income before income taxes

  593  20,587  19,751  19,814  22,900  23,365  23,365  10,850  10,009  10,681  10,681 

Provision for income taxes(2)

  402  942  909  876  1,036  10,005  10,005  462  227  4,662  4,662 
                        

Net income

 $191 $19,645 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $13,360 $13,360 $10,388 $9,782 $6,019 $6,019 
                        

Pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock(3):

                                  

Basic (unaudited)

                   $0.44          $0.20 

Diluted (unaudited)

                   $0.44          $0.20 

Pro forma as adjusted weighted average shares used in computing net income per share of common stock(3):

                                  

Basic (unaudited)

                    30,480,415           30,497,718 

Diluted (unaudited)

                    30,480,415           30,516,888 
 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 
 
 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

                      

Revenue

 $52,744 $61,099 $82,973 $120,271 $169,616 $78,199 $107,926 

Operating expenses(1):

                      

Cost of revenue

  16,903  21,826  32,353  45,504  64,676  29,825  41,589 

Sales and marketing

  9,308  10,949  17,820  31,929  45,107  23,333  25,292 

Product development

  1,120  2,361  4,591  9,777  16,330  6,860  9,615 

General and administrative

  4,844  6,217  8,414  10,171  21,651  8,177  10,514 
                

Total operating expenses

  32,175  41,353  63,178  97,381  147,764  68,195  87,010 
                

Income from operations

  20,569  19,746  19,795  22,890  21,852  10,004  20,916 

Other income (expense), net

  18  5  19  10  (47) 5  8 
                

Income before income taxes

  20,587  19,751  19,814  22,900  21,805  10,009  20,924 

Provision for income taxes(2)

  942  909  876  1,036  (25,738) 227  8,496 
                

Net income

 $19,645 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 $9,782 $12,428 
                

Less:

                      

Preferred interest distributed

  7,578  5,431  6,475  7,144  9,000  3,788   

Preferred interest accretion

  7,175  6,804  7,068  4,058       

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholder / members

  (6,875) (2,242) (3,659) (2,692) (4,086) (1,342) 41 
                

Net income available to common stockholders / members

 $11,767 $8,849 $9,054 $13,354 $42,629 $7,336 $12,387 
                

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders / members:

                      

Distributed

 $1.09 $0.75 $0.94 $1.03 $1.14 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.48) (0.31) (0.50) (0.39) 0.65  (0.19) 0.37 
                

Net income per share (basic)

 $0.61 $0.44 $0.44 $0.64 $1.79 $0.35 $0.37 
                

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders / members:

                      

Distributed

 $1.09 $0.75 $0.94 $1.03 $1.13 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.48) (0.31) (0.50) (0.39) 0.66  (0.19) 0.37 
                

Net income per share (diluted)

 $0.61 $0.44 $0.44 $0.64 $1.79 $0.35 $0.37 
                

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                      

Basic

  19,350,104  20,117,701  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,785,299  20,849,242  33,435,439 

Diluted

  19,350,104  20,117,701  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,833,223  20,849,242  33,903,898 

(1)
IncludesThe following table summarizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense included in the Company's statement of $917, $2,032, $1,833, $1,114, $2,122, $1,657 and $1,657 foroperations. Prior to the years ended December 31, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2011 pro forma and 2011 pro formaReorganization on October 5, 2012, there was no non-cash equity-based compensation expense related to the stock options as adjusted and $791, $2,157, $1,485 and $1,485 for the sixa result of a change-of-control condition:

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 
 
 (in thousands)
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Cost of revenue

 $ $ $ $ $219 $ $165 

Sales and marketing

          783    507 

Product development

          1,696    584 

General and administrative

  2,032  1,833  1,114  2,122  7,687  2,157  1,314 
                

Total

 $2,032 $1,833 $1,114 $2,122 $10,385 $2,157 $2,570 
                

Table of Contents

(2)
For 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, and up through the six months ended June 30, 2011 andReorganization on October 5, 2012, we operated as a New York limited liability company for federal and state income tax purposes, taxed as a partnership, and therefore were not subject to federal and state income taxes. In connection with the Reorganization, we recorded a one-time non-cash tax benefit of $28.8 million. Following the Reorganization, we will becomebecame subject to income taxes at an assumed combined federal, state and city tax rate of 39.4% for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. Such actual combined tax rate will depend on many factors and may be higher or lower than the assumed rate.

(3)
See pro forma note (n) on pages 50 to 51 for a description and reconciliation of the pro forma weighted average shares outstanding.income taxes.

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
 
 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012 

Other Financial and Operational Data:

                      

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands)(1)

 $1,617 $22,782 $21,983 $21,783 $26,532 $12,258 $13,321 

Free cash flow (in thousands)(2)

 $11,298 $28,665 $26,399 $27,591 $36,095 $18,377 $16,053 

Paid downloads (in millions) (during period)(3)

  
22.6
  
34.0
  
34.0
  
44.1
  
58.6
  
27.7
  
35.9
 

Revenue per download (during period)(4)

 $1.33 $1.55 $1.80 $1.88 $2.05 $1.97 $2.18 

Images in our library (in millions) (end of period)(5)

  2.6  5.1  8.9  13.3  17.4  15.2  20.2 
 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

Other Financial and Operational Data:

                      

Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands)(1)

 $22,782 $21,983 $21,783 $26,532 $34,877 $13,321 $25,211 

Non-GAAP net income (in thousands)(2)

 $21,677 $20,675 $20,044 $23,913 $27,921 $11,890 $13,969 

Free cash flow (in thousands)(3)

 $28,665 $26,399 $27,591 $36,095 $41,773 $16,307 $14,820 

Paid downloads (in millions) (during period)(4)

  34.0  34.0  44.1  58.6  76.0  35.9  46.7 

Revenue per download (during period)(5)

 $1.55 $1.80 $1.88 $2.05 $2.23 $2.18 $2.31 

Images in our collection (in millions) (end of period)(6)

  5.1  8.9  13.3  17.4  23.3  20.2  27.3 

(1)
See "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below as to how we define and calculate Adjusted EBITDA and for a reconciliation between Adjusted EBITDA and net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure presented on a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, basis and a discussion about the limitations of Adjusted EBITDA.

(2)
See "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below as to how we define and calculate Non-GAAP Net Income and for a reconciliation between Non-GAAP Net Income and net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure and a discussion about the limitations of Non-GAAP Net Income.

(3)
See "—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below as to how we define and calculate Free Cash Flow and for a reconciliation between Free Cash Flow and net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure and a discussion about the limitations of Free Cash Flow.

(3)(4)
Paid downloads is the number of paid image and video clip downloads that our customers make during a given period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operating Metrics—Paid Downloads" for more information as to how we define and calculate paid downloads.

(4)(5)
Revenue per download is the amount of revenue recognized in a given period divided by the number of paid downloads in that period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operating Metrics—Revenue per Download" for more information as to how we define and calculate paid revenue per download.

(5)(6)
Images in our librarycollection is the total number of photographs, vectors and illustrations available to customers on shutterstock.com at the end of the period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Operating Metrics—Images in our Library"Collection" for more information as to how we define and calculate paid images in our library.collection.

 
 As of December 31, As of June 30, 
 
 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 
 
 (in thousands)
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

                   

Cash and cash equivalents

 $975 $4,937 $6,544 $14,097 $102,096 $112,803 

Working capital (deficit)

  (12,858) (15,813) (21,909) (28,435) 56,684  73,512 

Property and equipment, net

  816  1,219  1,703  3,844  5,255  6,778 

Total assets

  3,404  11,067  13,863  24,855  147,114  172,548 

Deferred revenue

  9,723  14,259  19,631  28,451  37,934  46,736 

Term loan facility

          6,000   

Total liabilities

  15,026  22,514  31,355  49,058  70,180  76,946 

Redeemable preferred members' interest

  34,539  36,218  36,811  33,725     

Common members' interest

  2,949  4,782  5,699  5,699     

Total members' (deficit)

  (46,161) (47,665) (54,303) (57,928)    

Total stockholders' equity

         $76,934 $95,602 

Table of Contents

 
 As of December 31, As of June 30, 
 
 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 
 
  
  
  
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

                   

Cash and cash equivalents

 $1,257 $975 $4,937 $6,544 $14,097 $15,042 

Working capital (deficit)

  (5,379) (12,858) (15,813) (21,909) (28,435) (33,432)

Property and equipment, net

  616  816  1,219  1,703  3,844  5,479 

Total assets

  2,773  3,404  11,067  13,863  24,855  30,229 

Deferred revenue

  5,202  9,723  14,259  19,631  28,451  33,626 

Total liabilities

  7,472  15,026  22,514  31,355  49,057  59,801 

Redeemable preferred members' interest

  32,758  34,539  36,218  36,811  33,725  29,937 

Common members' interest

  917  2,949  4,782  5,699  5,699  5,699 

Total members' (deficit)

  (37,457) (46,161) (47,665) (54,303) (57,927) (59,509)

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA

        To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed within this prospectus Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income from operations beforeadjusted for other (income) expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and non-cash equity-based compensation, interest and taxes.

compensation. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is an important measure of operating performance because it allows management, investors and others to evaluate and compare our core operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our asset base (depreciation and amortization), non-cash equity-based compensation, interest and taxes.

        Our use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider this measure in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, as the excluded items may have significant effects on our operating results and financial condition. When evaluating our performance, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income and our other GAAP results. Additionally, our Adjusted EBITDA measure may differ from other companies' Adjusted EBITDA as it is a non-GAAP disclosure.

        The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income for each of the periods indicated:


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
  Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

 (in thousands)
  
  
  (in thousands)
 

Net Income

 $191 $19,645 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $10,388 $9,782  $19,645 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 $9,782 $12,428 

Non-GAAP adjustments:

  

Depreciation and amortization

 108 181 404 874 1,520 624 1,160  181 404 874 1,520 2,640 1,160 1,725 

Non-cash equity-based compensation

 917 2,032 1,833 1,114 2,122 791 2,157  2,032 1,833 1,114 2,122 10,385 2,157 2,570 

Interest (income)

 (1) (18) (5) (19) (10) (7) (5)

Provision for income taxes

 402 942 909 876 1,036 462 227 

Other (income) expense, net

 (18) (5) (19) (10) 47 (5) (8)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 942 909 876 1,036 (25,738) 227 8,496 
                              

Adjusted EBITDA

 $1,617 $22,782 $21,983 $21,783 $26,532 $12,258 $13,321  $22,782 $21,983 $21,783 $26,532 $34,877 $13,321 $25,211 
                              

Non-GAAP Net Income

        To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed within this prospectus non-GAAP net income, a non-GAAP financial measure. We define non-GAAP net income as net income excluding the one-time tax benefit due to the Reorganization and the after-tax impact of non-cash equity-based compensation. We believe non-GAAP net income is an important measure of operating performance because it allows management, investors and others to evaluate and compare our operating results from period to period by removing the impact of our one-time tax benefit due to the Reorganization in October 2012, non-cash equity-based compensation, and the tax benefit for the deductible non-cash equity-based compensation.

        Our use of non-GAAP net income has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider this measure in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP as the excluded items may have significant effects on our operating results and financial condition. When evaluating our performance, you should consider non-GAAP net income alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income and our other GAAP results. Additionally, our non-GAAP net income measure may differ from other companies' non-GAAP net income as it is a non-GAAP disclosure.


Table of Contents

        The following is a reconciliation of Non-GAAP net income to net income for each of the periods indicated:

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 
 
 (in thousands)
 

Net Income

 $19,645 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 $9,782 $12,428 

Non-GAAP adjustments:

                      

One-time tax benefit due to the Reorganization

          (28,811)    

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  2,032  1,833  1,114  2,122  10,385  2,157  2,570 

Non-cash equity-based compensation tax benefit

      (8) (73) (1,196) (49) (1,029)
                

Non-GAAP net income

 $21,677 $20,675 $20,044 $23,913 $27,921 $11,890 $13,969 
                

Free Cash Flow

        To provide investors with additional information regarding our financial results, we have disclosed within this prospectus Free Cash Flow, a non-GAAP financial measure. We define Free Cash Flow as our


Table of Contents

cash provided by (used in) operating activities, adjusted for cash interestcapital expenditures and other income and subtracting capital expenditures.(expense). We believe that Free Cash Flow is an important measure of operating performance because it allows management, investors and others to evaluate the cash that we generate after the financing of projects required to maintain or expand our asset base. When evaluating our performance, you should consider Free Cash Flow alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, net income and our other GAAP results. Additionally, our Free Cash Flow measure may differ from other companies' Free Cash Flow as it is a non-GAAP disclosure.

        The following is a reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to net cash provided by operating activities for each of the periods indicated:


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
  Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30, 

 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

 (in thousands)
  
  
  (in thousands)
 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $11,655 $29,064 $27,151 $28,726 $39,547 $19,938 $18,922  $29,064 $27,151 $28,726 $39,547 $45,534 $18,922 $17,814 

Interest income

 1 18 5 19 10 7 5 

Other income (expense), net

 18 5 19 10 (47) 5 8 

Capital expenditures

 (356) (381) (747) (1,116) (3,442) (1,554) (2,864) (381) (747) (1,116) (3,442) (3,808) (2,610) (2,986)
                              

Free cash flow

 $11,298 $28,665 $26,399 $27,591 $36,095 $18,377 $16,053  $28,665 $26,399 $27,591 $36,095 $41,773 $16,307 $14,820 
                              

Table of Contents


MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

        The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" or in other parts of this prospectus.

Overview

        Shutterstock operates an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and videosvideo clips that companies use in their visual communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. Demand for commercial digital imagery comes primarily from businesses, marketing agencies and media organizations. We estimate that the market for pre-shot commercial digital imagery will grow to approximately $6 billion in 2016, based on a study conducted on our behalf by L.E.K. Consulting LLC, or L.E.K.

        Our global online marketplace brings together users of commercial digital imagery with image creators from around the world. More than 550,000750,000 active, paying users contributed to revenue in 2011,2012, representing an increase of 71%36% compared to the prior year. We have historically benefitted from a high degree of revenue retention from both subscription-based and On Demand customers. For example, in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, we experienced year-to-year revenue retention of 82%, 96%, 102% and 102%100%, respectively. This means that customers that contributed to our revenue in 20102011 contributed, in the aggregate, 102%100% as much revenue in 20112012 as they did in 2010.2011. More than 35,00040,000 approved contributors make their images and video clips available in our library,collection, which has grown to more than 2028 million images.images and more than 1 million video clips. This makes our librarycollection one of the largest of its kind and, in the twelve months ended December 31, 2011,2012, we delivered more than 5876 million paid downloads (including both commercial and editorial images) to our customers. We believe that we delivered the highest volume of commercial image downloads in this period2012 of any single brand in our industry.

        In 2003, we launched the initial version of our website and became one of the first companies in our industry to offer a simple subscription-based payment model. Since then, we have continually enhanced our platform, achieving key product development and business milestones that have driven our revenue and traffic growth:


Table of Contents


Table of Contents

        As an online marketplace, we generate revenue by selling image licenseslicensing images and we pay royalties to contributors for each of their images that is downloaded. Approximately half of our revenue and the vastsignificant majority of our downloads come from subscription-based users. These customers can download and use a large number of images in their creative process without concern for the incremental cost of each image download. For users who need fewer images, we offer simple, affordable, On Demand pricing, which is presented as a flat rate across all images and sizes. Since the launch of our On Demand purchase options in 2008, revenue from our On Demand purchase options has increased as a percentage of our overall revenue and we expect that this trend will continue.

        Each time an image or video clip is downloaded, we record a royalty expense for the amount due to the associated contributor. Royalties are calculated using either a fixed dollar amount or a fixed percentage of revenue as described on our websites. Royalties are paid to contributors on a monthly basis subject to certain payout minimums. Royalties represent the largest component of our operating expenses and tend to increase proportionally with revenue.

        Our cost of revenue is substantially similar as a percentage of revenue for our On Demand and subscription-based purchase options. While contributors earn a fixed amount per download for some of our plans, we have set the per-download amount paid to our contributors for each of our purchase options in such a way that contributors earn more per download from plans where we collect higher revenue per download. In other words, we strive to deliver a similar percentage to contributors regardless of which purchase option a customer chooses. Cost of revenue for our On Demand purchase options has been slightly lower than that of our subscription-based options; however, this difference has historically represented less than 5% of revenue. As a result, we expect that any shifts in the relative popularity of these two purchase options will not substantially impact our cost of revenue.

        We manage customer acquisition costs based on the blended customer lifetime value across our purchase options and so we are able to control our marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue. As a result, we do not believe that shifts in the mix between On Demand or subscription-based purchase options will materially impact our operating margins. In addition, the repeat revenue characteristics of customers whose first purchase was a subscription-based purchase option are substantially similar to those whose first purchase was an On Demand purchase option.

        We have achieved significant growth in the last three years. Our total revenue has grown from $61.1 million in 2009 to $83.0 million in 2010 andto $120.3 million in 2011 and to $169.6 million in 2012, representing a compound annual growth rate of 40.3%43.0% since 2009.2010. As our revenue has grown, so have our operating expenses, from $41.4 million in 2009 to $63.2 million in 2010 andto $97.4 million in 2011 and to $147.8 million in 2012, principally as a result of increased royalties, marketing costs and payroll expenses.

        An important driver of our growth is customer acquisition, which we achieve primarily through online marketing efforts including paid search, organic search, online display advertising, email marketing, affiliate marketing, social media and strategic partnerships. In 2010, 2011 andOver the six months ended June 30, 2012,past several years, we increased our investments in marketing as a percentage of revenue. Since we believe the market for commercial digital imagery is at an early stage, we plan to continue to invest aggressively in customer acquisition to achieve revenue and market share growth. We believe that another important driver of growth is the quality of the user experience we provide on our websites, especially the efficiency


Table of Contents

with which our search interfaces and algorithms help customers find the images that they need, the degree to which we make use of the large quantity of data we collect about images and search patterns, and the degree to which our websites have been localized for international audiences. To this end, we have also invested aggressively in product development and we plan to continue to invest in this area. Finally, the quality and quantity of content that we make available in our librarycollection is another key driver of our growth. In the last three calendar years, the


Table of Contents

number of approved and licensable images and video clips in the Shutterstock librarycollection has grown from 913 million to over 2023 million images, to date, making it one of the largest librariescollections of its kind.

        Even as we have invested in our key growth drivers of customer acquisition, customer experience improvement and content acquisition, we have delivered strong profitability. In 2011,2012, our net income was $21.9$47.5 million and net cash from operating activities was $39.5$45.5 million. In the same period, Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP net income and Free Cash Flow was $26.5were $34.9 million, $28.0 million and $36.1$41.8 million, respectively. See "Selected Consolidated Financial Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures."

        From September 7, 2007 through October 5, 2012, we operated as a New York limited liability company (the "LLC"). In May 2012, in connection with the filing of a registration statement for our initial public offering (the "IPO"), we formed Shutterstock, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the LLC. On October 5, 2012, the Company reorganized by way of a merger of the LLC with and into Shutterstock, Inc., with Shutterstock, Inc. surviving in the merger (the "Reorganization").

        On October 16, 2012, we completed our IPO of 5,175,000 shares of common stock, including 675,000 shares sold as a result of the underwriters' exercise of their over-allotment option, at a price of $17.00 per share. The IPO resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $81.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, and before deducting total estimated expenses in connection with the offering of $4.9 million.

        Additionally, upon consummation of the Reorganization, we recognized the following one-time acceleration charges for non-cash stock-based compensation:

        Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-1 for our IPO on October 10, 2012, we incurred a one-time acceleration for non-cash equity-based compensation of approximately $3.6 million in connection with the accelerated vesting of 50% of the unvested portion of the profits interest award granted to an executive officer and related issuance of 302,917 shares of common stock which was based on the exchange date fair value.

Key Operating Metrics

        In addition to key financial metrics, we regularly review a number of key operating metrics to evaluate our business, determine the allocation of resources and make decisions regarding business strategies. We believe that these metrics are useful for understanding the underlying trends in our business. The following table summarizes our key operating metrics, which are unaudited, for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 and for the six months ended June 30, 20112012 and 2012:2013:


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended June 30,  Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended
June 30,
 

 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

 (in millions, except revenue per download)
  (in millions, except revenue per download)
 

Paid downloads (during period)

 34.0 44.1 58.6 27.7 35.9  44.1 58.6 76.0 35.9 46.7 

Revenue per download (during period)

 $1.80 $1.88 $2.05 $1.97 $2.18  $1.88 $2.05 $2.23 $2.18 $2.31 

Images in our library (end of period)

 8.9 13.3 17.4 15.2 20.2 

Images in our collection (end of period)

 13.3 17.4 23.3 20.2 27.3 

Table of Contents

Paid Downloads

        Measuring the number of paid downloads that our customers make in any given period is important because our revenue and contributor royalties are driven by paid download activity. For customers that choose our On Demand purchase options, each incremental download results in incremental recognition of revenue. For customers that choose our subscription purchase options, we do not recognize revenue from each incremental download, but we believe that download activity is an important measure of the value that a customer is getting from a subscription and the likelihood that he or she will renew. We define paid downloads as the number of downloads that our customers make in a given period of our photographs, vectors, illustrations or videos,video clips, excluding re-downloads of images that a customer has downloaded in the past (which do not generate contributor royalty expense) and downloads of our free image of the week (which we make available as a means of acquiring new customers and attracting existing customers to return to our websites more frequently).

Revenue per Download

        We define revenue per download as the amount of revenue recognized in a given period divided by the number of paid downloads in that period. This metric captures both changes in our pricing as well as the mix of purchase options that our customers choose, some of which generate more revenue per download than others. For example, when a customer pays $49.00 for five On Demand images, we earn more revenue per download ($9.80) than when a customer purchases a one-month subscription for $249.00 and downloads 100 images during the month ($2.49). Over the last three years, revenue from each of our purchase options has grown, however our fastest growing purchase options have been those that generate


Table of Contents

more revenue per download, most notably our On Demand purchase options. Due to this change in product mix, our revenue per download has increased steadily over the last three years.

Images in our LibraryCollection

        We define images in our librarycollection as the total number of photographs, vectors and illustrations available to customers on shutterstock.com at any point in time. We record this metric as of the end of a period. Offering a large selection of images allows us to acquire and retain customers and, therefore, we believe that broadening our selection of high-quality images is an important driver of our revenue growth.

Basis of Presentation

Revenue

        We generate revenue by licensing commercial digital imagery. The significant majority of our revenue is generated via either subscription or On Demand purchase options. We generate subscription revenue through the sale of subscriptions varying in length from 30 days to 1one year. Our most popular subscription offering allows up to 25 image downloads per day for a flat monthly fee. In substantially all cases, we receive the full amount of the subscription payment by credit card at the time of sale; however, subscription revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the subscription period. We generate On Demand revenue through the sale of fixed packages of downloads varying in quantity from 1one image to 25 images. We also generate On Demand revenue through Bigstock via the sale of both credits plans (which enable a customer to purchase a fixed number of credits which can then be utilized to download images anytime within one year) and Pay As You Go pricing (which provides for simple cash pricing of individual images). We typically receive the full amount of the purchase at the time of sale; however, revenue is recognized as images are downloaded or when the right to download images expires (typically 365 days after purchase). We provide a number of other purchase options which together represented less thanapproximately 8% and 12% of our revenue in 2011 and approximately 11% of our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2012.2012, respectively. These purchase options include custom accounts (for customers that need multi-seat access, invoicing, highergreater or unlimited indemnification, or a higher volume of images) and video footage (which are sold both individually and in


Table of Contents

fixed packages). We typically receive the full amount of the purchase at the time of sale; however, revenue is recognized as images or videosvideo clips are downloaded or when the right to download expires, typically 365 days after purchase. Some of our larger custom accounts are invoiced at or after the time of sale and pay us on credit terms. Some custom accounts pay in quarterly installments over the course of an annual commitment.

        Our deferred revenue consists of paid but unrecognized subscription revenue, On Demand revenue, and other revenue. Deferred revenue is recognized as revenue when images or videosvideo clips are downloaded (On Demand), through the passage of time (subscriptions) or when credits or the right to download images or videosvideo clips expire, and when all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Costs and Expenses

        Cost of Revenue.    Cost of revenue consists of royalties paid to contributors, credit card processing fees, image and video clip review costs, customer service expenses, the infrastructure costs related to maintaining our websites and associated employee compensation and non-cash equity-based compensation, facility costs and other supporting overhead costs. We expect that our cost of revenue will increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as our revenue grows.

        Sales and Marketing.    Sales and marketing expenses include third-party marketing, advertising, branding, public relations and sales expenses. Sales and marketing expenses also include associated employee compensation and non-cash equity-based compensation, commissions and benefits as well as facility and other supporting overhead costs. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in new customer acquisition.


Table of Contents

        Research andProduct Development.    Research andProduct development expenses consist of headcount expenses, including salaries,compensation, and non-cash equity-based compensation, benefits and bonuses for salaried employees and contractors engaged in product management, design, development and testing of our websites and products. Research andProduct development costs also include facility and other supporting overhead costs. We expense research andproduct development expenses as incurred. We expect research andproduct development expenses to increase in absolute dollars in the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in developing new products and enhancing the functionality of our existing products.

        General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses include employee salaries, non-cash equity-based compensation and benefits for executive, finance, business development, accounting, legal, human resources, internal information technology and other administrative personnel. In addition, general and administrative expenses include non-cash stock compensation expense, outside legal and accounting services, facilities costs and other supporting overhead costs. We expect to incur incremental general and administrative expenses to support our growth and to support operating as a public company.

        Provision for Income Taxes.    Historically, we filed our income tax return as a "pass through" New York limited liability company for federal and state income tax purposes.purposes and were subject to taxation on allocable portions of our net income and other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing authorities in certain localities. As a limited liability company, we recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the entity itself, arewere subject to income tax on their allocated share of our earnings. Historically,On October 5, 2012, we generally made monthly distributions to our members under the terms of the LLC's operating agreement, and subject to our operating cash needs. Once we reorganizereorganized from a limited liability company to a Delaware corporation prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part,corporation. Consequently, our corporate income tax rate will increasehas increased significantly asnow that we becomeare subject to federal, state and additional city income tax. See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements and "Unaudited Pro Forma Consolidated Financial Statements" included elsewhere in this prospectus.taxes.

        We are subject to taxation on allocable portions of our net income and other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing authorities in certain localities.

        As we expand our operations outside of the United States, we may become subject to taxation based on the foreign statutory ratesin non-U.S. jurisdictions and our effective tax rate could fluctuate accordingly.

        Our U.S. GAAP income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted statutory income tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.


Table of Contents

Results of Operations

        The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated. The period-to-period comparisons of results are not necessarily indicative of results for future periods.


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
  Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
 

 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

 (in thousands)
  (in thousands)
 

Consolidated Statement of Operations:

  

Revenue

 $61,099 $82,973 $120,271 $54,387 $78,199  $82,973 $120,271 $169,616 $78,199 $107,926 

Operating expenses:

  

Cost of revenue

 21,826 32,353 45,504 21,156 30,103  32,353 45,504 64,676 29,825 41,589 

Sales and marketing

 10,949 17,820 31,929 13,836 23,127  17,820 31,929 45,107 23,333 25,292 

Research and development

 2,361 4,591 9,777 4,255 7,070 

Product development

   9,777 16,330 6,860 9,615 

General and administrative

 6,217 8,414 10,171 4,297 7,895  8,414 10,171 21,651 8,177 10,514 
                      

Total operating expenses

 41,353 63,178 97,381 43,544 68,195  63,178 97,381 147,764 68,195 87,010 
                      

Income from operations

 19,746 19,795 22,890 10,843 10,004  19,795 22,890 21,852 10,004 20,916 

Interest income

 5 19 10 7 5 

Other income (expense), net

 19 10 (47) 5 8 
                      

Income before income taxes

 19,751 19,814 22,900 10,850 10,009  19,814 22,900 21,805 10,009 20,924 

Provision for income taxes

 909 876 1,036 462 227 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 876 1,036 (25,738) 227 8,496 
                      

Net income

 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $10,388 $9,782  $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 $9,782 $12,428 
                      

        The following table presents the components of our results of operations for the periods indicated as a percentage of revenue:


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
  Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
 

 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

Consolidated Statement of Operations as a Percentage of Revenue:

  

Revenue

 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Operating expenses:

  

Cost of revenue

 36 39 38 39 38  39 38 38 38 39 

Sales and marketing

 18 21 27 25 30  21 27 26 30 23 

Research and development

 4 6 8 8 9 

Product development

 6 8 10 9 9 

General and administrative

 10 10 8 8 10  10 8 13 10 10 
                      

Total operating expenses

 68 76 81 80 87  76 81 87 87 81 
                      

Income from operations

 32 24 19 20 13  24 19 13 13 19 

Interest income

 0 0 0 0 0 

Other income (expense), net

 0 0 0 0 0 
                      

Income before income taxes

 32 24 19 20 13  24 19 13 13 19 

Provision for income taxes

 1 1 1 1 0 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 1 1 (15) 0 8 
                      

Net income

 31% 23% 18% 19% 13% 23% 18% 28% 13% 11%
                      

Table of Contents

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 20112012 and June 30, 20122013

        The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:

 
 Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2012 2013 $ Change % Change 
 
 (in thousands)
  
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

             

Revenue

 $78,199 $107,926 $29,727  38%

Operating expenses:

             

Cost of revenue

  29,825  41,589  11,764  39 

Sales and marketing

  23,333  25,292  1,959  8 

Product development

  6,860  9,615  2,755  40 

General and administrative

  8,177  10,514  2,337  29 
          

Total operating expenses

  68,195  87,010  18,815  28 
          

Income from operations

  10,004  20,916  10,912  109 

Other income (expense), net

  5  8  3  60 
          

Income before income taxes

  10,009  20,924  10,915  109 

Provision for income taxes

  227  8,496  8,269  * 
          

Net income

 $9,782 $12,428 $2,646  27%
          

 
 Six Months Ended June 30, 
 
 2011 2012 $ Change % Change 
 
 (in thousands)
  
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

             

Revenue

 $54,387 $78,199 $23,812  44%

Operating expenses:

             

Cost of revenue

  21,156  30,103  8,947  42 

Sales and marketing

  13,836  23,127  9,291  67 

Research and development

  4,255  7,070  2,815  66 

General and administrative

  4,297  7,895  3,598  84 
          

Total operating expenses

  43,544  68,195  24,651  57 
          

Income from operations

  10,843  10,004  (839) (8)

Interest income

  7  5  (2) (29)
          

Income before income taxes

  10,850  10,009  (841) (8)

Provision for income taxes

  462  227  (235) (51)
          

Net income

 $10,388 $9,782 $(606) (6)%
          
*
Not meaningful. See "—Income Taxes" below.

Revenue

        Revenue increased by $23.8$29.7 million, or 44%38%, to $78.2$107.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 20122013 compared to the same period in 2011.2012. This increase in revenue was primarily attributable to growth in the number of paid downloads and an increase in revenue per download. In the six months ended June 30, 20112012 and 2012, respectively,2013, we delivered 27.735.9 million and 35.946.8 million paid downloads, respectively, and our average revenue per download increased from $1.97$2.18 to $2.18.$2.31. Paid downloads increased primarily due to the acquisition of new customers fromas a result of our marketing strategies. Revenue per download increased primarily due to growth in our On Demand offerings, which capture a higher effective price per image. In the six months ended June 30, 20112012 compared to the same period in 2012,2013, revenue from North America increased from 33%35% to 35%36% while revenue from Europe decreased from 41%38% to 38%36% and revenue from the rest of the world increased from 26% towas flat at 27%.

Cost and Expenses

        Cost of Revenue.    Cost of revenue increased by $8.9$11.8 million, or 42%39%, to $30.1$41.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 20122013 compared to the same period in 2011.2012. Royalties increased $7.0$8.2 million, or 46%37%, driven by an increase in the number of downloads from existing and new customers. We anticipate royalties growing in line with revenues for the remainder of 20122013 and beyond, although royalties as a percentage of revenue may vary somewhat from period to period.period primarily due to the contributor's achievement level of royalty target thresholds. Credit card charges remained flatincreased by $1.0 million, or 34%, to $3.8 million as increasinga result of increased card volume in the six months ended June 30, 2012 was offset by significantly lower credit card processing fees per transaction as we switched the majority of our credit card processing to a new vendor in May 2011.2013. We anticipateexpect credit card charges increasingto increase for the remainder of 20122013 and beyond as credit card transaction volume increases. Employee-related costs increased $0.7by $1.0 million, or 56%52%, driven by increased headcount in customer service, content and website operations from 37 employees in the six months ended June 30, 2011 to 48 employees in the six months ended June 30, 2012 to support increased customer volume and a more robust hosting infrastructure. Other costs associated with website infrastructure.hosting, content consulting and allocation of depreciation and amortization expense increased by $0.9 million, or 49%, to $2.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013 as compared to the same period in 2012.

        Sales and Marketing.    Sales and marketing expenses increased by $9.3$2.0 million, or 67%8%, to $23.1$25.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 20122013 compared to the same period in 2011.2012. Advertising expenses, the


Table of Contents

expenses, the largest component of our sales and marketing expenses, accounteddecreased by $2.5 million, or 14%, as compared to the prior period as a result of more efficient spending on both search and display advertising in the current period which has continued to yield a high level of returns. However, we anticipate that our global advertising spend will begin to increase in absolute dollars for approximately 78%the remainder of that2013 and beyond, as we further our international expansion while seeking to maintain a cost-effective customer acquisition ratio. Employee-related expenses, including travel and entertainment, increased by $3.6 million, or 90%, driven by an increase in sales and marketing headcount to support our expansion into new markets, increased sales commissions as sucha result of growing revenue from direct sales, and non-cash equity-based compensation. Other corporate overhead expenses, including allocated insurance costs due to operating as a public company and increased recruiting costs driven by headcount increases, increased by $0.3 million or 68%.

        Product Development.    Product development expenses increased by $7.2$2.8 million, or 65%40%, to $9.6 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012. Employee-related costs increased by $2.1 million, or 44%, driven by headcount increases in product, engineering and quality assurance to support our increasing number of product development initiatives for our websites, including ongoing efforts to improve our search capabilities, and increased non-cash equity-based compensation. In addition, other technology costs increased by $0.2 million, or 75%, to $0.5 million primarily due to costs associated with third party providers and the use of cloud based environments.

        General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses increased by $2.3 million, or 29%, to $10.5 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013 compared to the same period in 2012. Non-income tax expenses increased $1.1 million, or 182%, primarily due to our increased volume of sales activity. Employee-related expenses, excluding non-cash equity based compensation, increased by $1.0 million, or 37%, as we added finance, legal, human resources, internal information technology and business intelligence personnel to support the growth in our revenue and the infrastructure necessary to operate as a public company. Other corporate overhead expenses, including allocated insurance costs due to operating as a public company, increased recruiting costs driven by headcount increases, and increased finance costs due to the accelerated repayment of the term loan in March 2013, increased by $0.7 million or 190%. Non-cash equity based compensation decreased by $0.8 million, or 39%, to $1.3 million due to re-measuring the profits interest award in 2012 to market value.

        Income Taxes.    Effective October 5, 2012, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state income tax expense. For all periods on and prior to October 5, 2012, the Company filed its income tax returns as a limited liability company and was taxed as a "pass through" partnership for federal and state income tax purposes and recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company's earnings. As a result, the effective tax rate was 40.6% in the six months ended June 30, 2013 compared to 2.3% for the same period in 2012. The Company incurred a discrete tax expense relating to a change in its state apportionment percentage during the six months ended June 30, 2013 which increased the effective tax rate by 1.3%. Excluding this discrete expense, the effective rate would have been 39.3%.


Table of Contents

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012

        The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2011 2012 $ Change % Change 
 
 (in thousands)
  
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

             

Revenue

 $120,271 $169,616 $49,345  41%

Operating expenses:

             

Cost of revenue

  45,504  64,676  19,172  42 

Sales and marketing

  31,929  45,107  13,178  41 

Product development

  9,777  16,330  6,553  67 

General and administrative

  10,171  21,651  11,480  113 
          

Total operating expenses

  97,381  147,764  50,383  52 
          

Income from operations

  22,890  21,852  (1,038) (5)

Other income (expense), net

  10  (47) (57) (570)
          

Income before income taxes

  22,900  21,805  (1,095) (5)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

  1,036  (25,738) (26,774) * 
          

Net income

 $21,864 $47,543 $25,679  117%
          

*
Not meaningful. See "—Income Taxes" below.

Revenue

        Revenue increased by $49.3 million, or 41%, to $169.6 million in 2012 compared to 2011. This increase in revenue was primarily attributable to growth in paid downloads and an increase in revenue per download. In 2011 and 2012, respectively, we delivered 58.6 million and 76.0 million paid downloads, and our average revenue per download increased from $2.05 to $2.23. Paid downloads increased primarily due to the acquisition of new customers. Revenue per download increased primarily due to growth in our On Demand offerings, which capture a higher effective price per image. Comparing 2011 to 2012, revenue from North America increased from 34% to 35%, while revenue from Europe decreased from 40% to 37% and revenue from the rest of the world increased from 26% to 28%.

Cost and Expenses

        Cost of Revenue.    Cost of revenue increased by $19.2 million, or 42%, to $64.7 million in 2012 compared to 2011. Royalties increased $14.3 million, or 42%, driven by an increase in downloads from existing and new customers. Credit card charges increased $0.9 million or 17% driven by an increase in card volume activity in 2012. Employee-related costs increased $1.8 million, or 72%, driven by increased average headcount in customer service, content and website operations from 35 employees at year-end 2011 to 46 at year-end 2012 to support increased customer volume, a more robust website infrastructure and the one-time acceleration and vesting following the Reorganization of non-cash equity-based compensation in the amount of $0.2 million. Other costs associated with website hosting, content consulting and allocation of depreciation and amortization expense increased by $1.9 million, or 76%, to $4.3 million in 2012 compared to 2011.

        Sales and Marketing.    Sales and marketing expenses increased by $13.2 million, or 41%, to $45.1 million in 2012 compared to 2011. Advertising expenses increased by $6.8 million, or 27%, as compared to the prior period, as a result of increased spending on both online and offline advertising, including spending on both search and display advertising globally. We anticipate that our global advertising spend will continue to increase significantly in absolute dollars for the remainder of 2012 and beyond, provided that we continue to acquire customers cost effectively. Employee-related expenses increased by $1.7$4.9 million, or 86%103%, driven by increases in sales and marketing average headcount from 3536 employees in the six months ended June 30,at year-end 2011 to 6663 employees in the six months ended June 30,at year-end 2012, and increased sales commissions as a result of growing revenue from direct sales.sales and the one-time acceleration and vesting following the Reorganization of non-cash equity-based compensation in the amount of $0.8 million.


Table of Contents

        Research andProduct Development.    Research andProduct development expenses increased by $2.8$6.6 million, or 66%67%, to $7.1$16.3 million in the six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. Employee-related costs increased by $1.7$5.3 million or 57%78%, driven by headcount increases in product, engineering and quality assurance average headcount from 54 employees at year-end 2011 to 76 employees at year-end 2012 and the one-time acceleration and vesting following the Reorganization of non-cash equity-based compensation in the six months ended June 30, 2011 to 78 employees in the six months ended June 30, 2012.amount of $1.7 million. The increased average headcount costs were driven by an increasing number of research andproduct development initiatives for our websites, including significant and ongoing efforts to improve our search capabilities. We anticipate increases in personnel costs as we continue to innovate and offer new products and features, although we expect the rate of increase will decline as we expand our operations. In addition, consulting costs increased by $0.4$0.7 million primarily due to costs associated with outsourced development and quality assurance services.services related to employee headcount growth.

        General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses increased by $3.6$11.5 million, or 84%113%, to $7.9$21.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2012 compared to the same period in 2011. Employee-related expenses increased by $0.5$7.2 million, or 31%115%, as we increaseddriven by increases in finance, legal, human resources, internal information technology and business intelligence personnel average headcount from 2224 employees in the six months ended June 30,at year-end 2011 to 3235 employees in the six months ended June 30,at year-end 2012 to support the growth in our revenue and the infrastructure necessary to operate as a public company. We anticipate headcount willIncluded in the employee-related expense increase for the remainder of 2012 and beyond but we expect that the rate of growth will moderate as we expand our operations. Professional fees increased by $1.0 million, or 304%, because of additional expenses associated with our preparation of this offering. Non-cashis non-cash equity-based compensation expense increased by $1.4increase in the amount of $5.6 million or 173%, duerelated to the ongoingone-time acceleration and vesting following the Reorganization of non-cash equity-based compensation in the amount of $4.9 million and vesting of a common member's ownership interest in the amount of $0.7 million, as more fully described in Note 129 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition, professional fees increased by $1.3 million, or 128%, because of additional expenses associated with incremental fees related to being a public company.

        Income Taxes.    IncomeIn 2012, we recorded a one-time non-cash tax expense decreased by $0.2benefit of $28.8 million or 51%,as a result of recognition of deferred tax assets resulting from our tax status change to $0.2 million inbe subject to taxation as a corporation commencing October 5, 2012. The computation of the six months ended June 30,effective tax rate includes earnings incurred prior to October 5, 2012 comparedwhen we were subject to the same period in 2011 due to decreased New York City unincorporated business tax resulting from decreased taxable income.


Tableas a partnership. Our on-going effective corporate tax rate is expected to be approximately 40% as compared to our historical effective tax rate of Contentsapproximately 2% and, therefore, comparison of effective tax rate would result in a comparison that is not meaningful as more fully described in Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2011

        The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:


 Year Ended December 31,  Year Ended December 31, 

 2010 2011 $ Change % Change  2010 2011 $ Change % Change 

 (in thousands)
  
  (in thousands)
  
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

  

Revenue

 $82,973 $120,271 $37,298 45% $82,973 $120,271 $37,298 45%

Operating expenses:

  

Cost of revenue

 32,353 45,504 13,151 41  32,353 45,504 13,151 41 

Sales and marketing

 17,820 31,929 14,109 79  17,820 31,929 14,109 79 

Research and development

 4,591 9,777 5,186 113 

Product development

 4,591 9,777 5,186 113 

General and administrative

 8,414 10,171 1,757 21  8,414 10,171 1,757 21 
                  

Total operating expenses

 63,178 97,381 34,203 54  63,178 97,381 34,203 54 
                  

Income from operations

 19,795 22,890 3,095 16  19,795 22,890 3,095 16 

Interest income

 19 10 (9) (47)

Other income (expense), net

 19 10 (9) (47)
                  

Income before income taxes

 19,814 22,900 3,086 16  19,814 22,900 3,086 16 

Provision for income taxes

 876 1,036 160 18  876 1,036 160 18 
                  

Net income

 $18,938 $21,864 $2,926 15% $18,938 $21,864 $2,926 15%
                  

Table of Contents

Revenue

        Revenue increased by $37.3 million, or 45%, to $120.3 million in 2011 compared to 2010. This increase in revenue was primarily attributable to growth in paid downloads and an increase in revenue per download. In 2010 and 2011, respectively, we delivered 44.1 million and 58.6 million paid downloads, and our average revenue per download increased from $1.88 to $2.05. Paid downloads increased primarily due to the acquisition of new customers. Revenue per download increased primarily due to growth in our On Demand offerings, which capture a higher effective price per image. From 2010 to 2011, revenue from North America remained unchanged at 34% while revenue from Europe decreased from 41% to 40% and revenue from the rest of the world increased from 25% to 26%.

Cost and Expenses

        Cost of Revenue.    Cost of revenue increased by $13.2 million, or 41%, to $45.5 million in 2011 compared to 2010. Royalties increased $10.8 million, or 47%, driven by an increase in downloads from existing and new customers. Credit card charges remained substantially unchanged at $5.1 million as increasing card volume in 2011 was offset by significantly lower credit card processing fees per transaction as we switched the majority of our credit card processing to a new vendor in 2011. Employee-related costs increased $1.1 million, or 60%, driven by increased headcount in customer service, content and website operations from 31 employees at year-end 2010 to 37 employees at year-end 2011 to support increased customer volume and a more robust website infrastructure.

        Sales and Marketing.    Sales and marketing expenses increased by $14.1 million, or 79%, to $31.9 million in 2011 compared to 2010. Advertising expenses, the largest component of our sales and marketing expenses, accounted for approximately 86% of that increase, as such expenses increased by $12.1 million, or 89%, as compared to the prior period, as a result of increased spending on both online and offline advertising, including spending on both search and display advertising globally. Employee-related expenses increased by $1.4 million, or 41%, driven by increases in sales and marketing headcount from 36 employees at year-end 2010 to 40 employees at year-end 2011 and increased sales commissions as a result of growing revenue from direct sales. These cost increases were partially offset by the closure of our telesales call center in Saratoga Springs, New York, which had expenses of $0.9 million in 2010.


Table of Contents

        Research andProduct Development.    Research andProduct development expenses increased by $5.2 million, or 113%, to $9.8 million in 2011 compared to 2010. Employee-related costs increased by $3.3 million or 94%, driven by headcount increases in product, engineering and quality assurance from 33 employees at year-end 2010 to 63 employees at year-end 2011. The increased headcount costs were driven by an increasing number of research andproduct development initiatives for our websites, including significant and ongoing efforts to improve our search capabilities. In addition, recruiting expenses increased by $0.6 million, and consulting costs increased by $0.5 million primarily due to costs associated with outsourced development and quality assurance services.

        General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses increased by $1.8 million, or 21%, to $10.2 million in 2011 compared to 2010. Employee-related expenses increased by $1.3 million, or 67%, as we increased finance, legal, human resources, internal information technology and business intelligence personnel from 19 employees at year-end 2010 to 29 employees at year-end 2011 to support the growth in our revenue and the infrastructure necessary to operate as a public company. Non-cash equity-based compensation expense increased by $1.0 million, or 91%, due to the ongoing vesting of a common member's ownership interest, as more fully described in Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. In 2011, post-acquisition service compensation related to a former employee of Bigstock decreased by $0.6 million.

        Income Taxes.    Income tax expense increased by $0.2 million, or 18%, to $1.0 million in 2011 compared to 2010 due to increased New York City unincorporated business tax resulting from increased taxable income.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2009 and December 31, 2010

        The following table presents our results of operations for the periods indicated:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2009 2010 $ Change % Change 
 
 (in thousands)
  
 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

             

Revenue

 $61,099 $82,973 $21,874  36%

Operating expenses:

             

Cost of revenue

  21,826  32,353  10,527  48 

Sales and marketing

  10,949  17,820  6,871  63 

Research and development

  2,361  4,591  2,230  94 

General and administrative

  6,217  8,414  2,197  35 
          

Total operating expenses

  41,353  63,178  21,825  53 
          

Income from operations

  19,746  19,795  49  0 

Interest income

  5  19  14  280 
          

Income before income taxes

  19,751  19,814  63  0 

Provision for income taxes

  909  876  (33) (4)
          

Net income

 $18,842 $18,938 $96  1%
          

Table of Contents

Revenue

        Revenue increased by $21.9 million, or 36%, to $83.0 million in 2010 as compared to 2009. This increase in revenue was primarily attributable to growth in paid downloads and an increase in revenue per download. In 2009 and 2010, respectively, we delivered 34.0 million and 44.1 million paid downloads, and our average revenue per download increased from $1.80 to $1.88. Paid downloads increased primarily due to the acquisition of new customers. Revenue per download increased due to more rapid growth in our On Demand offerings, which have a higher effective price per image.

        From 2009 to 2010, the proportion of our revenue derived from North America decreased from 36% to 34%, while revenue derived from Europe decreased from 42% to 41%, and revenue derived from the rest of the world increased from 22% to 25%.

Cost and Expenses

        Cost of Revenue.    Cost of revenue in 2010 increased by $10.5 million, or 48%, to $32.4 million in 2010 as compared to 2009. This increase was primarily driven by an increase in downloads (with a corresponding increase in contributor royalties), an increase in transactions (with a corresponding increase in credit card processing fees) and an increase in employee-related costs. Contributor royalties increased by $6.7 million, or 41%, driven by an increase in image downloads. Credit card processing fees increased by $2.2 million, or 77%, driven by an increase in credit card sales and by foreign currency conversion fees as we implemented a new foreign credit card processor in early 2010 to enable settlement in foreign currencies. Employee-related costs increased by $0.8 million, or 82%, driven by increases in customer service, content and website operations headcount from 18 employees at year-end 2009 to 31. During 2010, we significantly expanded our focus on improving customer service response times, increasing capacity in content operations and improving our website operations for increased speed and improved reliability.

        Sales and Marketing.    Sales and marketing expenses increased by $6.9 million, or 63%, to $17.8 million in 2010 compared to 2009 due to a $5.3 million increase in advertising expenses and $1.5 million increase in employee-related costs driven by increases in marketing and sales headcount from 27 employees at year-end 2009 to 36 employees at year-end 2010. We increased our advertising investment by expanding our spending on online search engine marketing and banner advertising, which resulted in increased traffic to the site and increased customer purchases. We also increased the size and expertise of our marketing staff to improve our marketing strategy, online marketing, graphic design and copywriting.

        Research and Development.    Research and development expenses increased by $2.2 million, or 94%, to $4.6 million in 2010 compared to 2009 due primarily to a $2.0 million or 136% increase in employee-related costs, driven by increases in product, engineering and quality assurance headcount from 25 employees at year-end 2009 to 33 employees at year-end 2010. Beginning in the second half of 2009 and onwards, headcount began to increase significantly as we formed dedicated cross-functional teams for the various customer and contributor-facing website areas. The formation of these teams enabled us to significantly expand our research and development efforts, enabling improvements in areas such as site search, usability, conversion and retention.

        General and Administrative.    General and administrative expenses in 2010 increased by $2.2 million, or 35%, to $8.4 million in 2010 as compared to 2009 due primarily to a $1.4 million increase in employee-related expenses, driven by increases in finance, legal, human resource and internal information technology headcount from 10 employees at year-end 2009 to 19 employees at year-end 2010. We expanded our general and administrative staff significantly in 2010 as we expanded our finance and accounting department and added management, legal and human resource personnel to support the growth of our business.

        Income Taxes.    Income tax expense remained unchanged from 2009 to 2010, at $0.9 million, as New York City taxable income remained largely unchanged.


Table of Contents

Quarterly Results of Operations

        The following tables set forth selectedour unaudited quarterly statementsconsolidated statement of operations data for the last ten fiscal quarters. The information for each of these quarters has been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and, in the opinion of management, includes all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the results of operations for these periods. This data should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanyingrelated notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. These quarterly operatingThe results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for any future period.


 Three Months Ended  Three Months Ended 

 Mar 31,
2010
 Jun 30,
2010
 Sep 30,
2010
 Dec 31,
2010
 Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
  Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
 Sept 30,
2012
 Dec 31,
2012
 Mar 31,
2013
 Jun 30,
2013
 

 (in thousands)
  (in thousands)
 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

  

Revenue

 $18,610 $19,580 $20,920 $23,863 $25,475 $28,912 $31,156 $34,728 $37,574 $40,625  $25,475 $28,912 $31,156 $34,728 $37,574 $40,625 $42,260 $49,157 $51,117 $56,809 

Operating expenses:

  

Cost of revenue

 7,163 7,687 8,244 9,259 10,179 10,977 11,373 12,975 14,531 15,572  10,179 10,977 11,373 12,975 14,389 15,436 16,057 18,794 19,821 21,768 

Sales and marketing

 3,445 4,004 5,231 5,140 6,961 6,875 8,493 9,600 12,140 10,987  6,961 6,875 8,493 9,600 12,240 11,093 9,752 12,022 11,978 13,314 

Research and development

 914 1,121 1,199 1,357 1,887 2,368 2,811 2,711 3,520 3,550 

Product development

 1,887 2,368 2,811 2,711 3,419 3,441 3,795 5,675 4,555 5,060 

General and administrative

 2,024 2,261 1,933 2,196 2,012 2,285 2,539 3,335 3,589 4,306  2,012 2,285 2,539 3,335 3,732 4,445 3,765 9,709 4,780 5,734 
                                          

Total operating expenses

 13,546 15,073 16,607 17,952 21,039 22,505 25,216 28,621 33,780 34,415  21,039 22,505 25,216 28,621 33,780 34,415 33,369 46,200 41,134 45,876 
                                          

Income from operations

 5,064 4,507 4,313 5,911 4,436 6,407 5,940 6,107 3,794 6,210  4,436 6,407 5,940 6,107 3,794 6,212 8,891 2,957 9,983 10,933 

Interest income

 1 4 4 10 6 1 1 2 3 2 

Other income (expense), net

 6 1 1 2 3 2 (3) (49) (12) 20 
                                          

Income before income taxes

 5,065 4,511 4,317 5,921 4,442 6,408 5,941 6,109 3,797 6,212  4,442 6,408 5,941 6,109 3,797 6,212 8,888 2,908 9,971 10,953 

Provision for income taxes

 224 199 191 262 189 273 253 321 86 141 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 189 273 253 321 86 141 146 (26,111) 4,406 4,090 
                                          

Net income

 $4,841 $4,312 $4,126 $5,659 $4,253 $6,135 $5,688 $5,788 3,711 6,071  $4,253 $6,135 $5,688 $5,788 $3,711 $6,071 $8,742 $29,019 $5,565 $6,863 
                                          

Non-GAAP Financial Data:

  

Adjusted EBITDA(1)

 $5,712 $5,168 $4,534 $6,369 $5,053 $7,205 $6,945 $7,329 $4,986 $8,335  $5,053 $7,205 $6,945 $7,329 $4,986 $8,335 $10,290 $11,266 $11,778 $13,433 

Free cash flow(2)

 $8,114 $5,877 $6,403 $7,197 $9,556 $8,819 $8,303 $9,416 $8,306 $7,747 

Non-GAAP net income(2)

 $4,568 $6,577 $6,261 $6,507 $4,360 $7,530 $9,401 $6,630 $6,132 $7,837 

Free cash flow(3)

 $9,556 $8,820 $8,303 $9,416 $8,560 $7,747 $13,372 $12,094 $12,675 $2,145 

(1)
See "Selected Consolidated Financial Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" as to how we define and calculate Adjusted EBITDA and a discussion about the limitations of Adjusted EBITDA, and see below for a reconciliation between Adjusted EBITDA and net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

(2)
See "Selected Consolidated Financial Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" as to how we define and calculate Non-GAAP net income and a discussion about the limitations of Non-GAAP net income, and see below for a reconciliation between Non-GAAP net income and net income, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

(3)
See "Selected Consolidated Financial Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures" as to how we define and calculate Free Cash Flow and a discussion about the limitations of Free Cash Flow, and see below for a reconciliation between Free Cash Flow and net cash provided by operating activities, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.

Table of Contents

        The following table presents the unaudited quarterly results of operations as a percentage of revenue:


 Three Months Ended 

 Mar 31,
2010
 Jun 30,
2010
 Sep 30,
2010
 Dec 31,
2010
 Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
  Three Months Ended 

 (as a percentage of revenue)
  Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
 Sept 30,
2012
 Dec 31,
2012
 Mar 31,
2013
 Jun 30,
2013
 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data as a percentage of revenue:

  

Revenue

 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Operating expenses:

  

Cost of revenue

 38 39 39 39 40 38 37 37 39 38  40 38 37 37 39 38 38 38 39 38 

Sales and marketing

 19 20 25 22 27 24 27 28 32 27  27 24 27 28 32 27 23 24 23 24 

Research and development

 5 6 6 6 7 8 9 8 9 9 

Product development

 7 8 9 8 9 9 9 12 9 9 

General and administrative

 11 12 9 9 8 8 8 10 10 11  8 8 8 10 10 11 9 20 9 10 
                                          

Total operating expenses

 73 77 79 76 82 78 81 83 90 85  82 78 81 83 90 85 79 94 80 81 
                                          

Income from operations

 27 23 21 24 18 22 19 17 10 15  18 22 19 17 10 15 21 6 20 19 

Interest income

 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Other income (expense), net

 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0) (0) (0) 0 
                                          

Income before income taxes

 27 23 21 24 18 22 19 17 10 15  18 22 19 17 10 15 21 6 20 19 

Provision for income taxes

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 (53) 9 7 
                                          

Net income

 26% 22%��20% 23% 17% 21% 18% 16% 10% 15% 17% 21% 18% 16% 10% 15% 21% 59% 11% 12%
                                          

        
The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income for each of the periods indicated:


 Three Months Ended  Three Months Ended 

 Mar 31,
2010
 Jun 30,
2010
 Sep 30,
2010
 Dec 31,
2010
 Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
  Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
 Sept 30,
2012
 Dec 31,
2012
 Mar 31,
2013
 Jun 30,
2013
 

 (in thousands)
  (in thousands)
 

Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA:

  

Net income

 $4,841 $4,312 $4,126 $5,659 $4,253 $6,135 $5,688 $5,788 $3,711 $6,071  $4,253 $6,135 $5,688 $5,788 $3,711 $6,071 $8,742 $29,019 $5,565 $6,863 

Non-GAAP adjustments:

  

Depreciation and amortization

 190 203 221 260 288 336 407 489 528 632  288 336 407 489 528 632 729 751 779 946 

Non-cash equity-based compensation

 458 458  198 329 462 598 733 664 1,493  329 462 598 733 664 1,493 670 7,558 1,016 1,554 

Interest (income)

 (1) (4) (4) (10) (6) (1) (1) (2) (3) (2)

Provision for income taxes

 224 199 191 262 189 273 253 321 86 141 

Other income (expense), net

 (6) (1) (1) (2) (3) (2) 3 49 12 (20)

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 189 273 253 321 86 141 146 (26,111) 4,406 4,090 
                                          

Adjusted EBITDA

 $5,712 $5,168 $4,534 $6,369 $5,053 $7,205 $6,945 $7,329 $4,986 $8,335  $5,053 $7,205 $6,945 $7,329 $4,986 $8,335 $10,290 $11,266 $11,778 $13,433 
                                          

        
The following is a reconciliation of Non-GAAP net income to net income for each of the periods indicated:

 
 Three Months Ended 
 
 Mar 31,
2010
 Jun 30,
2010
 Sep 30,
2010
 Dec 31,
2010
 Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
 
 
 (in thousands)
 

Reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:

                               

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $8,305 $6,047 $6,675 $7,699 $10,367 $9,571 $9,517 $10,093 $9,815 $9,107 

Interest income

  1  4  4  10  6  1  1  2  3  2 

Capital expenditures

  (190) (166) (268) (492) (805) (749) (1,213) (675) (1,506) (1,358)
                      

Free cash flow

 $8,114 $5,877 $6,403 $7,197 $9,556 $8,821 $8,303 $9,416 $8,306 $7,747 
                      
 
 Three Months Ended 
 
 Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
 Sept 30,
2012
 Dec 31,
2012
 Mar 31,
2013
 Jun 30,
2013
 
 
 (in thousands)
 

Reconciliation of Net Income to Non-GAAP Net Income:

                               

Net income

 $4,253 $6,135 $5,688 $5,788 $3,711 $6,071 $8,742  $29,019 $5,565 $6,863 

Non-GAAP adjustments:

                               

One-time tax benefit due to the Reorganization

                (28,811)    

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  329  462  598  733  664  1,493  670  7,558  1,016  1,554 

Non-cash equity-based compensation tax benefit

  (14) (20) (25) (14) (15) (34) (11) (1,136) (449) (580)
                      

Non-GAAP net income

 $4,568 $6,577 $6,261 $6,507 $4,360 $7,530 $9,401  $6,630 $6,132 $7,837 
                      

Table of Contents

        The following is a reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to net cash provided by operating activities for each of the periods indicated:

 
 Three Months Ended 
 
 Mar 31,
2011
 Jun 30,
2011
 Sep 30,
2011
 Dec 31,
2011
 Mar 31,
2012
 Jun 30,
2012
 Sept 30,
2012
 Dec 31,
2012
 Mar 31,
2013
 Jun 30,
2013
 
 
 (in thousands)
 

Reconciliation of Free Cash Flow to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities:

                               

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $10,367 $9,570 $9,517 $10,093 $9,815 $9,107 $13,966 $12,646 $13,790 $4,024 

Other income (expense), net

  6  1  1  2  3  2  (3) (49) (12) 20 

Capital expenditures

  (805) (749) (1,213) (675) (1,252) (1,358) (597) (601) (1,127) (1,859)
                      

Free cash flow

 $9,556 $8,820 $8,303 $9,416 $8,560 $7,747 $13,372 $12,094 $12,675 $2,145 
                      

Quarterly Trends

        Our operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter as a result of a variety of factors. Our results may reflect the effects of some seasonal trends in customer behavior. For example, we expect usage


Table of Contents

to decrease during the fourth quarter of each calendar year due to the year-end holiday season, and to increase in the first quarter of each calendar year as many customers return to work. While we believe these seasonal trends have affected and will continue to affect our quarterly results, our trajectory of rapid growth may have overshadowed these effects to date. Additionally, because a significant portion of our revenue is derived from repeat customers who have purchased subscription plans, our revenues tendrevenue tends to be smoother and less volatile than if we had no subscription-based customers.

        In addition, expenditures by customers tend to be discretionary in nature, reflecting overall economic conditions, the economic prospects of specific industries, budgeting constraints and buying patterns and a variety of other factors, many of which are outside our control. As a result of these and other factors, the results of any prior quarterly or annual periods should not be relied upon as indications of our future operating performance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        As of June 30, 2012,2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of $15.0 million.$112.8 million, which primarily consisted of money market mutual funds and checking accounts. Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily through cash flow generated from operations. In addition, in October 2012, we received $76.9 million of net proceeds from our IPO.

        Historically, our principal uses of cash have been funding our operations, capital expenditures and distributions to members. Immediately prior to the Reorganization,On October 4, 2012, we will makemade a final distribution to the LLC members constituting approximatelyrepresenting all undistributed earnings. The final distribution approximated all of the cash generated from the LLC's operations sinceof the lastLLC through October 4, 2012. Following this final distribution, no additional distributions were made to members and any other cash and cash equivalents on hand at the time of the distribution, other than any amounts received under the term loan facility, as described below. Following the Reorganization, no further distributions to members will be made.LLC. Additionally, following the Reorganization, our tax rate and related tax payments will increasehave increased significantly as we becomebecame subject to federal, state and additional city income tax.

        As discussed in greater detail under "—Financing Transactions" below, we recentlyWe entered into a term loan facility.facility in September 2012 that provided for a $12.0 million term loan. Following the final distribution to members described above, the borrowings from the term loan facility will bewere used to fund the short-term capital needs of our operations untilfollowing the final distribution to members and our IPO. On December 24, 2012, we generate additional cash flow from operations following this offering.paid down $6.0 million of the term loan and on March 25, 2013, we paid off the remaining outstanding balance of $6.0 million. As of June 30, 2013, we had no outstanding debt.

        We plan to finance our operations and capital expenses largely through our operations. Since our results of operations are sensitive to the level of competition we face, increased competition could adversely affect our liquidity and capital resources, both by reducing our revenuesrevenue and our net income, as a


Table of Contents

result of reduced sales, reduced prices and increased promotional activities, among other factors, as well as by requiring us to spend cash on advertising and marketing in an effort to maintain or increase market share in the face of such competition. In addition, the advertising and marketing expenses used to maintain market share and support future revenuesrevenue will be funded from current capital resources or from borrowings or equity financings. As a result, our ability to grow our business relying largely on funds from our operations is sensitive to competitive pressures and other risks relating to our liquidity or capital resources.

Financing Transactions

        On September 21, 2012, we entered into a loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank providing for a $12.0 million term loan facility, which we refer to as the term loan facility. We will use the net proceeds from the term loan facility for working capital and general business purposes.

        The term loan facility provides for a term loan of $12.0 million and matures on the earlier of (i) September 21, 2013 and (ii) the date on which such facility is accelerated following the occurrence of an event of default. The term loan facility provides for interest on the term loan, at our option, at the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal minus 0.75%, or a LIBOR-based rate plus a margin of 2.00%. We selected the one-month LIBOR-based rate and can select a new interest rate option after the month expires.


Table of Contents

        The term loan facility includes financial covenants of a minimum EBITDA determined quarterly, measured on a trailing 12 month basis and a minimum liquidity requirement.

        The term loan facility also includes customary negative and affirmative covenants including, among others, limitations on our ability to: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) create liens; (iii) make certain investments, loans and advances; (iv) sell assets; (v) pay dividends or make distributions or other restricted payments; (vi) engage in mergers or consolidations (other than the Reorganization); or (vii) change our business.

        Amounts under the term loan facility may become due upon certain events of default including, among others, failure to comply with the term loan facility's covenants, bankruptcy, default on certain other indebtedness or a change in control. The default rate under the term loan facility is an additional 2.00% per annum over the otherwise applicable rate.

        All obligations under the term loan facility are secured by substantially all of our assets, other than our intellectual property.

        As of the date of this prospectus, we were in compliance with the financial covenants and other covenants applicable to us under the term loan facility.

Sources of Funds

        We believe, based on our current operating plan, that our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flow generated from operations following this offering, as well as borrowings under our term loan facility, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months.

Uses of Funds

        Capital Expenditures.    Consistent with previous periods, we expect that future capital expenditures will focus onprimarily relate to acquiring additional servers and network connectivity hardware and software, leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures related to office expansion and relocation and general corporate infrastructure. We anticipate capital expenditures of approximately $3$12.0 million for the second halffinal two fiscal quarters of 2012.2013. See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Historical Trends

        The following table summarizes our cash flow data for 2009, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 and the six months ended June 30, 20112012 and 2012,2013, respectively.


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
  Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
 

 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  2010 2011 2012 2012 2013 

 (in thousands)
  (in thousands)
 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $27,151 $28,726 $39,547 $19,938 $18,922  $28,726 $39,547 $45,534 $18,922 $17,814 

Net cash (used in) investing activities

 $(2,689)$(1,219)$(3,419)$(1,546)$(2,826) $(1,219)$(3,419)$(4,259)$(2,826)$(4,777)

Net cash (used in) financing activities(1)

 $(20,500)$(25,900)$(28,575)$(19,500)$(15,151)

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities(1)

 $(25,900)$(28,575)$46,724 $(15,151)$(2,330)

(1)
Comprised of distributions to LLC members. Nomembers for years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012. Includes net proceeds from the IPO and proceeds of the term loan facility for year ended 2012 and six months ended 2013 includes repayments of the term loan facility. Since the Reorganization, no further distributions to members will be made following the Reorganization.have been made.

Cash Flows

        Our primary source of cash from operating activities is cash collections from our customers. The substantial majority of our revenues arerevenue is generated from credit card transactions, andwhich are typically settled within one to five business days. Our primary uses of cash for operating activities are for settlement of accounts payable to contributors, vendors and personnel-related expenditures.

        In the six months ended June 30, 2012,2010, net cash provided by operating activities was $18.9$28.7 million, a decreasean increase of 5%6% compared to the same period in 2011,2009, including net income of $9.8$18.9 million and non-cash compensation of $2.2 million. Cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities included an


Table of Contents

increase in deferred revenue of $5.2 million, primarily related to an increase in both subscription and On Demand revenue. Accounts payable and other operating liabilities increased by $2.4 million as trade payables grew in both average size and volume and payroll costs increased due to headcount expansion. Contributor royalties payable increased by $1.1 million due to increasing royalty expenses generated by increased customer download activity.

        In the six months ended June 30, 2011, net cash provided by operating activities was $19.9 million, an increase of 39% compared to the same period in 2010, including net income of $10.4 million and non-cash compensation of $0.8 million. Cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities included an increase in deferred revenue of $6.2$5.4 million primarily related to an increase in both subscriptionrevenue, and On Demand revenue. Accounts payable and other operating liabilities increased by $2.3 million as trade payables grewan increase in both average size and volume and payroll costs increased due to headcount expansion. Contributorcontributor royalties payable increased by $0.8of $1.1 million due to increasingincreased royalty expenses generated by increased customer download activity.

        In 2011, net cash provided by operating activities was $39.5 million, an increase of 38% compared to 2010, including net income of $21.9 million and non-cash compensation of $2.1 million. Cash inflows from


Table of Contents

changes in operating assets and liabilities included an increase in deferred revenue of $8.8 million, primarily related to an increase in both subscription and On Demand revenue. Accounts payable increased by $5.7 million as trade payables grew in both average size and volume. Additionally, we changed the payment date of our annual performance bonuses and the payment date of a significant trade payable, which together accounted for $2.9 million of the increase. Contributor royalties payable increased by $1.3 million due to increasing royalty expenses generated by increased customer download activity.

        In 2010,2012, net cash provided by operating activities was $28.7$45.5 million, an increase of 6%15% compared to 2009,the same period in 2011, including net income of $18.9$47.5 million which reflected a one-time non-cash tax benefit of $28.8 million as a result of recognition of deferred tax assets resulting from our tax status change to be subject to taxation as a corporation and non-cash compensation of $1.1$10.4 million. Cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities included an increase in deferred revenue of $5.4$9.5 million, primarily related to an increase in revenue,both subscription and an increaseOn Demand revenue. Accounts payable and other operating liabilities increased by $6.2 million as trade payables grew in contributorboth average size and volume and payroll costs increased due to headcount expansion. Contributor royalties payable of $1.1increased by $1.7 million due to increasedincreasing royalty expenses generated by increased customer download activity.

        In 2009,the six months ended June 30, 2013, net cash provided by operating activities was $27.2$17.8 million, a decrease of 7%6% compared to 2008,the same period in 2012, including net income of $18.8$12.4 million and non-cash equity-based compensation of $1.8$2.6 million. Cash inflows from changes in operating assets and liabilities included an increase in deferred revenue of $3.9$8.8 million, primarily related to an increase in revenueorders for both subscription and an increase in contributorOn Demand products. Contributor royalties payable of $0.5increased by $1.2 million due to increasedincreasing royalty expenses generated by increased customer download activity. Conversely, prepaid expenses decreased by $3.7 million primarily due to federal, state and city estimated income tax payments during the period.

        Our investing activities have consisted primarily of capital expenditures to purchase software and equipment related to our data centers, as well as capitalization of software and website development costs. In 2009, investing cash flows also included cash used in the acquisition of Bigstock.

        Cash used in investing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 20112010 was $2.8$1.2 million, and $1.5 million, respectively,primarily consisting entirely of capital expenditures, primarily for server and office equipment.

        Cash used in investing activities in 2011 was $3.4 million, primarily consisting of capital expenditures, primarily for server equipment, office equipment and capitalized website development costs.

        Cash used in investing activities in 20102012 was $1.2$4.3 million, primarily consisting entirely of capital expenditures, primarily for server and office equipment.

        Cash used in investing activities in 2009the six months ended June 30, 2013 was $2.7$4.8 million consisting of capital expenditures to purchase software and equipment related to our data centers, as well as capitalization of $0.7leasehold improvements in the amount of $3.0 million primarilyand payment of a security deposit of $1.8 million in connection with the lease for server equipment andour new office equipment, and $1.9 million net cash paid ($3.3 million gross cash paid less $1.4 million cash acquired) for certain acquired assets and liabilities of Bigstock.


Table of Contentsfacilities.

        We have historicallyPrior to the Reorganization, we made monthly distributions to our members typically equaling the cash in excess of that required for general working capital. In connection with the Reorganization, these distributions will cease, with the exception of a final distribution to members immediately prior to the Reorganization. We recentlyceased. In September 2012, we entered into a term loan facility, which will bewas used to fund our operations prior to the receipt of the proceeds from this offeringthe IPO and until additional cash flow from operations hashad been generated following this offering.the IPO. This term loan facility was repaid in full on March 25, 2013.

        In the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, and the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009,2011, cash used in financing activities was $15.2 million, $19.5 million, $28.6 million, $25.9 million, and $20.5$28.6 million, respectively, consisting entirely of distributions to members.


Table of Contents

        In 2012, net cash provided by financing activities was $46.7 million and comprised primarily of proceeds from our IPO, net of issuance costs, of $81.8 million and proceeds from our term loan facility of $12.0 million.

        Cash used in financing activities in the six months ended June 30, 2013 was $2.3 million consisting of payment of the remaining outstanding balance of our term loan facility in the amount of $6.0 million offset with proceeds of $2.7 million from the issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options and the corresponding excess tax benefit of $1.0 million as result of the subsequent disposition of the common stock issued. As of June 30, 2013, we had no outstanding debt.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

        We lease office facilities in New York, New York, under operating lease agreements that expire fromon various dates between 2013 to 2015. Certain lease agreements provide for rental payments that increase on a graduated basis while other lease agreements provide for fixed rental payments over the lease terms. We recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease periods. We also have various co-location agreements with third-party hosting facilities that expire in 2012on various dates between 2013 and 2013.2014. We anticipate leasing additional office space and increasingexpanding our co-location facilities, consistent with our historical business model.model, as our revenue and customer base grow.

        On March 21, 2013, we entered into an agreement to lease new office facilities in New York City. The lease commenced in August 2013, has a lease term of eleven years and contains aggregate future minimum lease payments of approximately $42.2 million. The Company also entered into a letter of credit of $1.8 million as a security deposit for the leased facilities. The letter of credit was collateralized by $1.8 million of cash as of June 30, 2013, and as such, is reported as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet.

        We do not have any debt or material capital lease obligations, and our property, equipment and software have been purchased primarily with cash. Our future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases and purchase obligations arewere as follows as of December 31, 2011:2012:


 Payments Due by Period  Payments Due by Period 

 Total Less Than 1
Year
 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than
5 Years
  Total Less Than
1 Year
 1-3 Years 3-5 Years More Than
5 Years
 

 (in thousands)
  (in thousands)
 

Operating lease obligations

 $2,653 $1,074 $1,397 $182 $  $2,296 $1,669 $418 $209 $ 

Co-location obligations

 462 264 198    1,442 1,059 383   

Term loan facility

 6,000 6,000    

Purchase obligations

 1,664 1,490 174  $  1,968 1,216 560 192  
                      

Total

 $4,779 $2,828 $1,769 $182 $  $11,706 $9,944 $1,361 $401 $ 
                      

        We expanded our office facilities in our current location effective March 21, 2012 under an operating lease agreement that expires in November 2013. Additionally, we expanded our co-location agreements with third-party hosting facilities due to our business growth and entered into a new software license agreement to accommodate our business growth, which agreements expire in 2013 and 2014. With respect to these commitments entered into in the six months ended June 30, 2012, the incremental increase in our less than one year contractual obligations and commitments was offset by fewer commitment obligations and remained flat and our one to three year contractual obligations and commitments had an incremental increase of $0.3 million.        We also enter into contractual arrangements under which we agree to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements for damages directly attributable to a breach by us. We are not responsible for any damages, costs, or losses arising as a result of the modifications made by the customer, or the context in which an image is used. The standard maximum aggregate obligation and liability to any one customer for all claims is limited to $10,000. We offer certain of our customers greater levels of indemnification, including unlimited indemnification. We have experienced nominal losses to date as a result of the indemnification we offer and, as such, our reserves for indemnification-related losses are also nominal. We believe that we have the appropriate insurance coverage in place to adequately cover such indemnification obligations, if necessary.


Table of Contents

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

        As of December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, and as of June 30, 2012,2013, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

        OurWe prepare our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United StatesGAAP requires our management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. We evaluate our significant estimates on an ongoing basis, including, but not limited to, estimates related to allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, intangibles, non-cash equity-based compensation, income tax provisions and certain non-income tax accruals. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

        We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with our revenue recognition, allowance for doubtful accounts, stock basednon-cash equity-based compensation, accounting for income taxes, goodwill and intangible assets and advertising costs have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Emerging Growth Company

        Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an "emerging growth company" can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. However, we are choosinghave chosen to opt out of any extended transition period, and as a result we will comply with new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for non-emerging growth companies. Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that our decision to opt out of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards is irrevocable.

        We will continue to evaluate the benefits of relying on other reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act from time to time until we are no longer subject to the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an "emerging growth company", we choose to rely on such exemptions we may not be required to, among other things, (i) provide an auditor's attestation report on our system of internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404, (ii) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, (iii) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor's report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis), and (iv) disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the CEO's compensation to median employee compensation.

Revenue Recognition

        All revenue, net of refunds, is generated from the license of digital content through subscription or usage based purchase options. Theseplans. The purchase options include: subscription plans, On Demand plans, Pay As You Go which was introduced in July 2011, and credit packs.pack plans. We recognize revenue when the following four basic criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; performance or delivery of services has occurred; the sales price is fixed or determinable;determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. We consider persuasive evidence of an arrangement


Table of Contents

to be an electronic order form, or a signed contract, which contains the fixed pricing terms. Performance or delivery is considered to have occurred upon either the ratable passage of time overfor subscription plans, the contract period, a usage basisdownload of digital content or upon the expiration of a contract period for which there are unused downloads or credits. Collectability is reasonably assured since substantially allmost of our customers purchase products by making electronic payments at the time of a transaction with a credit card. We established a chargeback allowance based on factors surrounding historical credit card chargeback trends and other information. As of December 31, 2010 and 2011,2012 and June 30, 2012,2013, we recorded a chargeback allowance of $0.1 million as of each period,$70,000 and $90,000, respectively, which is included in other liabilities. Collectability is assessed for customers who pay on credit based on a credit evaluation for new customers and transaction history with existing customers. We established a bad debt allowance of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012. There was no need for a bad debt allowance as of December 31, 2010. Any cash received in advance of revenue recognition is recorded as deferred revenue.


Table of Contents

        Subscription plans range in length from thirty days to one year. Subscription plan revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis using a daily convention method over the plan term. On Demand plans are typically for a one-year term and permit the customer to download up to a fixed quantityamount of images.digital content. On Demand revenues are recognized at the time the customer downloads the digital content on an image by imagea per unit basis. Revenue related to unused image downloads,digital content, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term. Pay As You Go plans provide for individual image downloads.download. We recognize Pay As You Go revenue as the customer downloads images. Credit-packCredit pack plans are generally for a one-year term and provide forenable the customer to purchase a fixed number of credits which can then be utilized to download images.pay for downloaded digital content. The number of credits utilized for each download will dependdepends on the imagedigital content size and format. Credit-packCredit pack revenues are recognized based on customer usage on a per credit basis as images aredigital content is downloaded. Revenue related to unused credits, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term. Most plans automatically renew at the end of the plan term unless the customer elects not to renew. We recognize revenuesrevenue from our four types of plans on a gross basis in accordance with the authoritative guidance on principal agent considerations,Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605-45, "Principal Agent Considerations," as we are the primary obligor in the arrangement, we have latitude in establishing the product's price, we perform a detailed review of the digital content before accepting it into our librarycollection to ensure it is of high quality before it may be purchased by our customers, we can reject contributor's images in our sole discretion and we have credit risk.

Customers typically pay in advance (or upon commencement of the term) via credit card, wire or check. Fees paid or invoiced in advance are deferred and recognized as described above. Customers that do not pay in advance are invoiced and are required to make payment under standard credit terms. We do not generally offer refunds or the right of return to our customers. There are situations in which a customer may receive a refund whichbut the determination is determinedmade on a case-by-case basis. As we grow our direct sales and custom accounts revenue, a larger percentage of our revenue will be invoiced and collected on credit terms.

        We also license digital content to customers through third party resellers. We contract with third party resellers around the world to access markets where we do not have a significant presence. Third party resellers sell our products directly to end-user customers and remit a fixed amount to us based on the type of plan sold. The terms of the reseller program indicate that the third party reseller is the primary obligor to the end-user customer and bears the risks and rewards as principal in the transaction. In assessing whether our revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis with respect to our reseller program, we followed the authoritative guidance in ASC 605-45,Principal "Principal Agent Considerations." We recognize revenue on a net basis in accordance with the type of plan sold, consistent with the plan descriptions above. We generally do not offer refunds or the right of return to resellers.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

        Our accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms, carried at their face value less an allowance for doubtful accounts if required. We determine our allowance for doubtful accounts based on the evaluation of the aging of our accounts receivable and on a customer-by-customer analysis of our high-risk customers. Our reserves contemplate our historical loss rate on receivables, specific customer situations and the economic environments in which we operate. AsWe recorded an


Table of December 31, 2010, we determined there was no Contents

allowance needed. Asfor doubtful accounts of $0.3 million as of December 31, 2011 and of $0.2 million as of December 31, 2012. As of June 30, 2012,2013, we recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $0.3 million for both periods.$0.4 million.

Equity-Based Compensation

        SinceBetween June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, we have beenwere organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, we granted equity rights similar to options under our Value Appreciation Rights Plan ("VAR Plan. SuchPlan") in the form of value appreciation rights (the "VAR Plan awards"). Each VAR grants haveplan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms. For the purposes of this registration statementterms and the compensation disclosures in particular, the terms VAR and option will both be referred to as "grants."conditions. The VAR grants arePlan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur forin order to trigger a payment to trigger with respect to


Table of Contents

the VAR grants.Plan awards. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR grants will bePlan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which will bewere granted pursuant to our 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan.Plan (the "2012 Plan").

        We measure and recognize non-cash equity-based compensation expense for all equity-based payment awards made to employees based on estimated fair values.values at the date awards are granted. The value portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. For awards with a change of control condition, an evaluation is made at the grant date and future periods as to the likelihood of the condition being met. Compensation expense is adjusted in future periods for subsequent changes in the expected outcome of the change of control conditions until the vesting date. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

        Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at the grant date requires judgment. We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of grants.stock options and other equity-based awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, stock purchased pursuant to the 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "2012 ESPP") and the VAR Plan awards, which are discussed further in Note 8 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

        The determination of the grant date fair value of grants using an option-pricing model is affected by our estimated common stock fair valuerequires judgments as well as assumptions regarding a number of other complex and subjective variables. These variables include the fair value of our common stock,ownership interest pre-IPO, our closing market price at the grant date post-IPO, the expected stockunit price volatility over the expected term of the options,awards, stock optionawards' exercise and cancellation behaviors, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends, which are estimated as follows:


Table of Contents

If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model changes significantly, stock-based compensationthe fair value for future awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously.


Table The awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, the 2012 ESPP and VAR Plan are subject to a time-based vesting requirement. The majority of Contents

stock option awards granted under the 2012 Plan vest over four years. The following table presents the weighted average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of grants during 2011 and2012 ESPP provides for thepurchase periods approximately every six months ended June 30, 2012:

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
2011
 Six Months
Ended
June 30,
2012
 

Expected term (in years)

 5.5–6.6     5.2–5.8 

Volatility

 44%– 47% 49%

Risk-free interest rate

 1.4%–2.9% 1.0%–1.6%

Dividend yield

 0% 0%

        Based upon an assumed initial public offering priceand a participant must be employed on the purchase date to participate in the 2012 ESPP. The VAR Plan awards had a condition that a change of $14.00 per share (the midpointcontrol (as defined in the VAR Plan) must occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), the aggregate intrinsic value of outstandingVAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of our common stock asof Shutterstock, Inc. which do not include a change of control condition. As of June 30, 2012, was $0.

        As of the consummation of this offering, we expect to recognize a non-cash stock-basedno equity-based compensation expense of approximately $2.5 million, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with a one-time acceleration charge asrelated to the VAR Plan awards had been recognized because the qualifying event had not occurred. As a result of the removalcompletion of the changeIPO, we began recording share-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of control condition,forfeitures, based on the grant date fair value of the VAR Plan awards that were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. as discussedpart of the Reorganization.

        For any equity-based awards that qualified for liability classification pre-IPO, we elected to use the intrinsic value method to value the common membership interest in accordance with authoritative guidance on stock compensation. See Note 10, Equity-Based Compensation, to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

        Additionally, we expect to recognize a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of approximately $3.6 million in connection with a one-time acceleration charge in connection with the accelerated vesting of 50% of the unvested portion of the profits interest award granted to an executive officer and related issuance of shares of our common stock in connection with this offering based on the exchange date fair value, as discussed in Note 12 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We also expect to recognize a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of approximately $509,000 in connection with a one-time acceleration charge in connection with the removal of the change of control condition, as discussed in Note 11 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

        The total non-cash stock-based compensation expense we expect to recognize is approximately $870,000, $3.4 million, $3.2 million, $2.5 million, $784,000 and $197,000 during the fiscal years ending December 31, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and thereafter, respectively. In future periods, our non-cash stock-based compensation expense is expected to increase as we issue additional stock awards to continue to attract and retain employees.

        ThePrior to our IPO, the fair value of the common stock underlying our grants was determined by our board of managers (referred to herein as our board of directors) or the compensation committee of our board of directors, which intended all grants to be exercisable at a price per share not less than the per share fair market value of our common stock underlying those grants on the date of grant. The valuation of


Table of Contents

our common stock on each grant date was determined by our board of directors in part based on independent third-party valuations effective as of August 17, 2010, February 18, 2011, December 15, 2011, April 15, 2012, June 15, 2012 and September 17, 2012 and also based on the significant experience of our board of directors in valuing private companies, as well as the board of directors' knowledge of the financial performance and potential performance of the Company. The assumptions used in the third party valuations were based in part on future expectations of our business, including financial projections, combined with management's estimates of other factors that might impact our future financial performance. Following our decision to consider an initial public offering, the third-party valuation reports also took into account the Company's potential value upon an initial public offering. In the absence of a public trading market, our board of directors, with input from management and following a review of such valuation reports, exercised significant judgment and considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value


Table of Contents

of our common stock as of the date of each grant as well as the appropriate exercise price, including the following factors:

        We made grants with the following exercise prices between January 1, 2010 and October 10, 2012 (the date the date of this prospectus:Registration Statement containing the prospectus relating to our IPO was declared effective):

Grant Dates
 Number of
Shares
Underlying
Grants
 Exercise Price
Per Share
 Common Stock
Fair Value Per
Share at Grant
Date
  Number of
Shares
Underlying
Grants
 Exercise Price
Per Share
 Common Stock
Fair Value Per
Share at
Grant Date
 

November 2010(1)

 75,000 $12.50 $9.32  75,000 $12.50 $9.32 

April 2011

 485,750 14.17 11.33  485,750 14.17 11.33 

June 2011

 285,000 15.00 11.33  285,000 15.00 11.33 

July 2011

 55,000 15.00 11.33  55,000 15.00 11.33 

August 2011

 40,000 15.00 11.33  40,000 15.00 11.33 

October 2011

 157,500 16.00 11.33  157,500 16.00 11.33 

December 2011

 272,250 17.00 16.67  272,250 17.00 16.67 

March 2012

 151,500 17.50 16.67  151,500 17.50 16.67 

April 2012

 20,000 17.50 16.67  20,000 17.50 16.67 

May 8-28, 2012

 104,750 18.67 18.67  104,750 18.67 18.67 

May 30, 2012

 1,000 18.67 18.67  1,000 18.67 18.67 

June 4-11, 2012

 4,250 18.67 18.67  4,250 18.67 18.67 

June 18-25, 2012

 30,000 20.00 20.00  30,000 20.00 20.00 

September 2012

 52,750 20.34 20.34  52,750 20.34 20.34 

(1)
Initial grant issued as a profits interest prior to the institution of the VAR Plan. Such interest was converted to a VAR grant with pre-existing terms upon creation of the VAR Plan in April 2011.

Table of Contents

        In order to determine the fair value of our common stock underlying the option grants described in the table above, we first determined our business enterprise value, or BEV, and then allocated a portion of the BEV to each option grant with the assistance of our third party valuation specialist. Our BEV was estimated using the income approach using the discounted cash flow method, or DCF. We also considered the market-based approach using the comparable company method to check the reasonableness of the DCF value. The DCF method estimates enterprise value based on the estimated present value of future net cash flows the business is expected to generate over a forecasted period and an estimate of the present value of cash flows beyond that period, which is referred to as terminal value. The estimated present value is calculated using a discount rate known as the weighted average cost of capital, which accounts for the time value of money


Table of Contents

and the appropriate degree of risks inherent in the business. The market-based approach considers multiples of financial metrics based on both acquisitions and trading multiples of a selected peer group of companies. These multiples are then applied to our financial metrics to derive a range of indicated values. Our indicated BEV at each valuation date was allocated to the shares of common stock. Estimates of the volatility of our common stock were based on available information on the volatility of common stock of comparable, publicly traded companies.

        The third-party valuations effective as of August 17, 2010, February 18, 2011, December 15, 2011, April 15, 2012, June 15, 2012 and September 17, 2012 all valued our business as a going concern using the discounted cash flow method and considered the comparable company method to check the reasonableness of the determined value, all as set forth in greater detail in the preceding paragraph. The discount rate used in each third-party valuation was 15% and was determined to be equal to an estimate of our weighted average cost of capital, or "WACC," using the CAPM approach. The third-party valuation effective as of December 15, 2011 also considered our potential value upon an initial public offering, subject to discounts relating to initial public offering trends in related industries and the projected timing of this offering. To calculate the value of our business as of December 15, 2011, the third-party valuation assigned a 60% weight to our discounted cash flow valuation and a 40% weight to the valuation based on what we believed our potential initial public offering value would be. The potential initial public offering value was weighted lower than the discounted cash flow value based on the following: (a) at the valuation date, we had yet to issue any audited financials; (b) at the valuation date, it was uncertain when we would file our initial registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC in anticipation of an offering and (c) general market conditions for initial public offerings. Similarly, the third-party valuations effective as of April 15, 2012, June 15, 2012 and September 17, 2012 considered our potential value upon an initial public offering, subject to a discount relating to the projected timing of this offering. To calculate the value of our business as of April 15, 2012, the third-party valuation assigned a 25% weight to our discounted cash flow valuation, a 35% weight to our guideline company method valuation and a 40% weight to our potential initial public offering value. The valuation based on our potential initial public offering value was weighted lower than the collective discounted cash flow and guideline company value based on the following: (a) at the valuation date, we had yet to issue any audited financials; (b) at the valuation date, it was uncertain when we would file our initial registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC in anticipation of our initial public offering and (c) general market conditions for initial public offerings. To calculate the value of our business as of June 15, 2012, the third-party valuation assigned a 10% weight to our discounted cash flow valuation, a 20% weight to our guideline company method valuation and a 70% weight to our potential initial public offering value. The weight assigned to our potential initial public offering value increased by 30% in the June 15, 2012 valuation as a result of our issuance of audited financials and the filing of our initial registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC, which demonstrated an increased probability of an initial public offering. To calculate the value of our business as of September 17, 2012, the third-party valuation assigned a 2.5% weight to our discounted cash flow valuation, a 7.5% weight to our guideline company method valuation and a 90% weight to our potential initial public offering value. The weight assigned to our potential initial public offering value increased by 20% in the September 17, 2012 valuation as a result of the filing of amendments to our registration statement on Form S-1 with the SEC and certain other factors, which demonstrated an increased probability of an initial public offering.


Table of Contents

        Significant factors considered by our board of directors or the compensation committee of our board of directors in determining the fair value of our common stock and exercise price at eachthe grant datedates before our IPO include:

        November 2010.    Based on a review of our key financial and business information and developments, the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the hiring of our President and Chief Operating Officer, and continued growth in our customer base and revenue, our board of directors established, based on its own independent determination, the fair market value to be $9.32 per share effective for the grants made in November 2010 and, consistent with the desire of the board of


Table of Contents

directors at that time to grant options with a per share exercise price at a premium to fair market value on the date of grant, approved grants with an exercise price of $12.50 per share. Our board of directors did not consider the probability of completing an initial public offering, completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        April 2011.    A third party valuation commissioned by us, effective as of February 18, 2011, determined the fair market value to be $11.33 per share. Based on a review of our key financial and business information and developments, including the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the hiring of our Chief Technology Officer, continued growth in our customer base and revenue, and growth in our image library,collection, our board of directors determined that no event had occurred subsequent to the date of the February 18, 2011 valuation report that would materially affect the value of the Company as set forth in such valuation. Notwithstanding such determination, our board of directors also determined that it would be appropriate to have an exercise price that exceeded fair market value as an equitable adjustment with respect to grants made to prior grant recipients and, therefore, approved grants in April 2011 with an exercise price of $14.17 per share. Our board of directors did not consider the probability of completing an initial public offering, completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        June-August 2011.    Based on the valuation effective as of February 18, 2011 that deemed fair market value to be $11.33 per share and a review of our key financial and business information and developments, including the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the hiring of key management including our Chief Financial Officer, continued growth in our customer base and revenue, the growth in our image library,collection, and the commencement of initial discussions regarding a potential initial public offering, our board of directors determined that no event had occurred subsequent to the date of the February 18, 2011 valuation report that would materially affect the value of the Company as set forth in such valuation. Notwithstanding such determination, our board of directors also determined that it would be appropriate to have an exercise price that exceeded fair market value as an equitable adjustment with respect to prior grants based on the same valuation and, therefore, approved grants in the period of June-August 2011 with an exercise price of $15.00 per share. Our board of directors did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        October 2011.    Based on the valuation effective as of February 18, 2011 that deemed fair market value to be $11.33 per share a review of our key financial and business information and developments, including the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the continued growth in our revenue and customer base, the initial release of our first mobile application, initial efforts to prepare for a potential initial public offering, our board of directors determined that no event had occurred subsequent to the date of the February 18, 2011 valuation report that would materially affect the value of the Company as set forth in such valuation. Notwithstanding such determination, our board of directors also determined that it would be appropriate to have an exercise price that exceeded fair market value as an equitable adjustment with respect to prior grants based on the same valuation and, therefore,


Table of Contents

approved grants with an exercise price of $16.00 per share. No precise weighting was assigned to the probability of completing an initial public offering, as preparations were at a preliminary stage. Our board of directors did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        December 2011.    Based on the valuation effective as of February 18, 2011 that deemed fair market value to be $11.33 per share and a review of our key financial and business information and developments,


Table of Contents

particularly the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the achievement of our 2011 financial plan and the continued expansion of our customer base and revenue, and significant progress we made in our preparations for an initial public offering, our board of directors established, based on its own independent determination, the fair market value to be $16.67 per share effective for the grants made in December 2011 and, consistent with the desire of the board of directors at the time to grant options with a per share exercise price at a premium to fair market value on the date of grant, approved grants with an exercise price of $17.00 per share. No precise weighting was assigned to the probability of completing an initial public offering, as preparations were at a preliminary stage. Our board of directors did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        March-April 2012.    Based on the valuation effective as of December 15, 2011 that deemed fair market value to be $16.67 per share and a review of our key financial and business information and developments, including the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the continued growth in our revenue and customer base, an analysis of market value of competitors, and the expansion of our board of directors with the addition of four independent members, and progress we made in our preparations for an initial public offering, our board of directors determined that no event had occurred subsequent to the date of the December 15, 2011 valuation report that would materially affect the value of the Company as set forth in such valuation. Notwithstanding such determination, our board of directors also determined that it would be appropriate to have an exercise price that exceeded fair market value as an equitable adjustment with respect to prior grants based on the same valuation and, therefore, approved grants with an exercise price of $17.50 per share. Our board of directors did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        May 8-28, 2012.    In connection with the grants made between May 8 and May 28, 2012, we received a draft valuation report, to be effective as of April 15, 2012, with a fair market value determination of $18.67 per share, which we expected to be finalized shortly thereafter. On each grant date between May 8 and May 28, 2012, our board of directors or our compensation committee, as applicable, based on that valuation report, determined the fair market value to be $18.67 per share. Our board of directors or our compensation committee, as applicable determined not to grant VARs with an exercise price that exceeded fair market value, and, therefore, approved grants with an exercise price of $18.67 per share. Our board of directors or our compensation committee, as applicable did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        May 30, 2012.    Based on the valuation effective as of April 15, 2012 that determined fair market value to be $18.67 per share and a review of our key financial and business information and developments, including the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the continued growth in our revenue and customer base, and the filing of our registration statement for our initial public offering, our compensation committee determined that no event had occurred subsequent to the date of the April 15, 2012 valuation report that would materially affect the value of the Company as set forth in such valuation. Our compensation committee determined not to grant VARs with an exercise price that


Table of Contents

exceeded fair market value, and, therefore, approved grants with an exercise price of $18.67 per share. Our compensation committee did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        June 4-11, 2012.    Based on the valuation effective as of April 15, 2012 that determined fair market value to be $18.67 per share and a review of our key financial and business information and developments, including the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the continued


Table of Contents

growth in our revenue and customer base, our compensation committee determined that no event had occurred subsequent to the date of the April 15, 2012 valuation report that would materially affect the value of the Company as set forth in such valuation. Our compensation committee determined not to grant VARs with an exercise price that exceeded fair market value, and, therefore, approved grants with an exercise price of $18.67 per share. Our compensation committee did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

        June 18-25, 2012.    On May 30, 2012, our compensation committee authorized grants with an exercise price of $18.67 to two individuals who had not yet commenced employment, with such grants to be effective upon their respective employment start dates. Based on the valuation effective as of June 15, 2012 that determined fair market value to be $20.00 per share and a review of our key financial and business information and developments, including the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the continued growth in our revenue and customer base, our board of directors has determined that on the respective employment start dates of June 18, 2012 and June 25, 2012 for the two employees, the fair market value per share of our common stock was $20.00. Our board of directors did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term. Our board of directors has taken action to increase the per share exercise price for each of these grants to $20.00.

        September 2012.    Based on the valuation effective as of September 17, 2012 that determined fair market value to be $20.34 per share and a review of our key financial and business information and developments, including the introduction of new functionality and certain key operating metrics, as well as the continued growth in our revenue and customer base, our compensation committee determined that no event had occurred subsequent to the date of the September 17, 2012 valuation report that would materially affect the value of the Company as set forth in such valuation. Our compensation committee determined not to grant VARs with an exercise price that exceeded fair market value, and, therefore, approved grants with an exercise price of $20.34 per share. Our compensation committee did not consider the probability of completing a sale or merger or completing a dissolution or liquidation when determining the fair value and exercise price, as those scenarios were not considered likely in the near term.

Anticipated Offering Price Range

        In late September 2012, in consultation with the underwriters, we determined our anticipated offering price range to be $13.00 to $15.00 per share as set forth on the cover page of this preliminary prospectus. As of our most recent VAR grant date, the compensation committee of our board of directors determined the fair value of our common stock to be $20.34 per share. This determination was based on the contemporaneous valuation effective as of September 17, 2012 and other factors described above. The anticipated offering price was determined by the Company in consultation with our underwriters based on several factors, including the Company's historical and current financial performance, its expected performance following the consummation of this offering, the performance of other recent technology IPOs as well as a review of market discounts utilized in those offerings. We believe the difference between the fair value of our common stock on the most recent VAR grant dates, as determined by our board of directors or our compensation committee, and the anticipated offering price range determined in consultation with the underwriters, reflects a discount typically taken when pricing an initial public offering and further note that the assumptions utilized in determining the enterprise valuation of the Company were not materially different from those used in determining our estimated IPO price range. The final initial public offering price will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters and, as further described in "Pricing of the Offering" under "Underwriting," may not be within the anticipated range noted above.


Table of Contents

Accounting for Income Taxes

        Historically, weWe filed our income tax returns as a limited liability company, and were taxed as a "pass-through" partnership for federal and state income tax purposes. We plan to reorganize from a limited liability company to a Delaware corporationpurposes for all periods prior to the effectiveness ofReorganization on October 5, 2012. For all periods prior to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We currently recognizeReorganization, we recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not ourthe company itself, arewere subject to income tax on their allocated share of our earnings. We areHowever, we were subject to taxation on allocable portions of independentour net income and other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing authorities in certain localities. We generally makemade monthly distributions to our members under the terms of the LLC's operating agreement, subject to our operating cash needs.

        Effective upon the Reorganization, we became a Delaware corporation and, therefore, became subject to federal, state and additional city income taxes after October 6, 2012. As a result of this tax status


Table of Contents

change, we recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of $28.8 million in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2012. See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

        We filed tax returns as a partnership for the period from January 1, 2012 through October 5, 2012 and as a corporation for the period from October 6, 2012 through December 31, 2012.

        We account for unrecognized tax benefits using a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. We record an income tax liability, if any, for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on our tax returns. To the extent that the assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The reserves, if any, are adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit. Theaudit or lapses in statutes of limitations. Any reserve for the uncertain tax provision is included in the income tax provision. Penalties and interest, if any, on uncertain tax positions are also included in income tax expense.

        We assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and determined that based on the available evidence, including a history of taxable income and estimates of future taxable income, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. We will continue to evaluate our ability to realize deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes includesand deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reservesevent that are considered appropriate. During each of the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, and the six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, liabilities for unrecognized income tax benefits was $0. During the year ended December 31, 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2012,actual results differ from these estimates, we recorded an unrecognized income tax liabilitywill adjust these estimates in future periods, which may result in a change in the amount of $0.1 million.

        We recognize interest accrued related to unrecognizedeffective tax benefitsrate in interest expense and tax penalties in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. We did not accrue or pay any interest or penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

        As a result of the Reorganization, our earnings will be subject to federal, state and additional city income taxes at a combined statutory rate of approximately 39.4%. The actual combined rate will depend on many factors and may be much higher or lower than this assumed rate. However, we will no longer be subject to the New York City unincorporated business tax. See Note 7 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.future year.

        We are subject to certain compliance requirements for non-income taxes, including, but not limited to, payroll, value added and sales-based taxes. Where appropriate, we have made accruals for these matters, which are reflected in our consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but are instead tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 of each fiscal year or more frequently if events occur or circumstances exist that indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. Goodwill has been allocated to our reporting units, for the purposes of preparing our impairment analyses, based on a specific identification basis. In September 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which gives entities the optionAs a result of performing a qualitative assessment of goodwill prior to calculating the fair value of a reporting unit in "step 1" of the goodwill impairment test. If entities determine, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than the carrying amount, the two-step impairment test is required to be performed. We adopted this newly issued authoritative guidance effective October 1, 2011. Among the factors included in our qualitative assessment as of October 1, 2011 were general economic conditions and the competitive environment, actual and expected financial performance, including


Table of Contents

consideration of our revenue growth and improved operating results year-over-year, forward-looking business measurements, external market conditions, and other relevant entity-specific events. Based on the results of the qualitative assessment as of October 1, 2011, we concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is more than its carrying amount, and therefore performance of the two-step quantitative impairment test was not necessary.

        Based on a combination of factors that occurred in the second quarter of 2012, within our Bigstockphoto, Inc., or Bigstock, reporting unit, primarily a change in financial projections and business strategy including the re-allocation of certain technology-related personnel to a different reporting unit and a shift in marketing strategy, managementwe concluded that a triggering event had occurred in the Bigstockphoto, Inc., ("Bigstock") reporting unit indicating a potential impairment in the Bigstock reporting unit, and accordingly performed a step 1 impairment test was performed as of June 30, 2012 based on ASC 350,Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. We estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow projection (also referred to as the income approach). The income approach uses a reporting unit's projection of estimated future operating results and cash flows discounted to a net present value. Significant assumptions we utilized in the income approach included estimated weighted-average cost of capital from a market participant point of view, projected revenues and operating expenditures which take into account expected operating margin efficiencies gained through cost reduction strategies, projected capital expenditures, and projected working capital changes. The projections are based on management's best estimates of economic and market conditions over the projected period. We base our fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Future changes to the projected financial information or other significant assumptions including the weighted-average cost of capital could have a negative result on the Bigstock reporting unit's fair value.2012. As a result of performing the step 1 test for goodwill impairment managementin the second quarter of 2012, we concluded that the fair value of the Bigstock reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no requirement to perform step 2 of the analysis and it waswe concluded that there wasis no impairment of goodwill for the Bigstock reporting unit. If the currentJune 30, 2012 fair value estimate declined by as much as 20%, the estimated fair value of the Bigstock reporting unit would still exceed the carrying value. Based on the results of the goodwill impairment annual assessment as of October 1, 2012, we concluded that the fair value of its reporting unit is more than its carrying amount, and therefore no adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill was necessary. There were no impairments of goodwill in any of the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. Long-lived assets heldSee Note 2, Goodwill and Intangibles, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in the Bigstock reporting unit were also tested for recoverability and no impairment was identified.this prospectus.

Advertising Costs

        We expense the cost of advertising and promoting our products as incurred. The majority of our advertising costs are related to search engine marketing and other online advertising and, to a lesser


Table of Contents

extent, tradeshow participation, print, advertising, affiliate marketing and general branding and market awareness efforts.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2011, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting with respect to our tax compliance process. Specifically, it was determined that we did not have adequate procedures and controls to appropriately comply with, and account for, certain non-income tax regulations. These non-income tax issues related to underpayment of international consumption tax, sales and use tax and royalty withholdings compliance. A material weakness is defined as a significant deficiency, or a combination of significant deficiencies, that results in a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our financial statements will not be prevented by our internal control over financial reporting. A significant deficiency means a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, that adversely affects our ability to initiate, record, process or report financial data reliably in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles such that there is more than a remote likelihood


Table of Contents

that a misstatement of our financial statements that is more than inconsequential will not be prevented or detected by our internal control over financial reporting.

        We arebegan working to remediate the material weakness. We have begun taking numerous steps and plan to take additional steps to remediate the underlying causes of thethis material weakness primarily through a search for aduring fiscal years 2012 and 2013 by increasing the level of tax specialistexpertise within our finance department, by hiring an external accounting firm with the appropriate knowledge and ability to supplement internal resources in the review process and to fulfill our obligations to comply with the accounting and reporting requirements applicable to public companies and by updating our systems in order to collect the necessary data and taxes to comply with our required tax compliance processes. We intend to hire a tax specialist with the appropriate knowledge and ability to fulfill our obligation to comply with the accounting and reporting requirements applicable to public companies. The actions that we are taking are subject to ongoing senior management review, as well as audit committee oversight. We were unable to fully remediate this material weakness during fiscal year 2012 and, therefore, the material weakness was not remediated as of December 31, 2012. Although we plan to complete this remediation process as quickly as possible, we cannot at this time estimate how long it will take, and our initiatives may not prove to be successful in remediating this material weakness. If we are unable to successfully remediate this material weakness, it could harm our operating results, cause us to fail to meet our SEC reporting obligations or applicable stock exchange listing requirements on a timely basis, cause our stock price to be adversely affected or result in inaccurate financial reporting or material misstatements in our annual or interim financial statements.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

        We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including risks related to interest rate fluctuation, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation and inflation.

Interest Rate Fluctuation Risk

        Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and money market accounts. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while maximizing income without significantly increasing risk. Because our cash and cash equivalents have a relatively short maturity, our portfolio's fair value is not particularly sensitive to interest rate changes. We determined that the nominal difference in basis points for investing our cash and cash equivalents in longer-term investments did not warrant a change in our investment strategy. In future periods, we will continue to evaluate our investment policy in order to ensure that we continue to meet our overall objectives.

        In addition, onBetween September 21, 2012 and March 25, 2013, we entered intowere party to a loan and security agreement that providesprovided for a $12.0 million term loan facility. The term loan bearsbore interest, at our option, at either the prime rate minus 0.75% or at LIBOR plus 2.00%. As of SeptemberMarch 25, 2012,2013, we paid off the remaining


Table of Contents

outstanding balance on this loan and security agreement. As of March 25, 2013, and since that date, we have had $12.0 million inno outstanding borrowings under the term loan facility. We do not believe an increase in interest rates of 1 percentage point would have a material effect on interest expense, and therefore we do not expect our operating results or cash flows to be materially affected to any degree by a sudden change in market interest rates.debt.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

        RevenuesRevenue derived from customers residing outside North America as a percentage of total revenue was approximately 65% in each of 2009, 2010, and 2011 and 2012, and 65% and 64% in the six months ended June 30, 20112012 and 2012.2013, respectively. Our sales to international customers are denominated in multiple currencies, including but not limited to the U.S. Dollar, the Euro, the British Pound and the Japanese Yen. Revenue denominated in foreign currencies as a percentage of total revenue was approximately 35% in each of 2009, 2010, and 2011 and 2012, and 32% and 33% in the six months ended June 30, 20112012 and 2012.2013, respectively. We have foreign currency risks related to foreign-currency denominated revenues.revenue. All amounts owed and paid to our foreign contributors are denominated and paid in U.S. Dollars. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S. Dollars,Dollar, will negatively affect our revenue and other operating results as expressed in U.S. Dollars. Based on our 20112012 and six months ended June 30, 20122013 foreign currency denominated revenue, a 10% change in the exchange rate of the U.S. Dollar against all foreign currency denominated revenuesrevenue would result in an approximately 4%3% and 3% impact on our revenue, respectively.


Table of Contents

        Because we have determinedthe majority of our functional currency to berevenue and expenses are denominated in the U.S. Dollar, we have not experienced material fluctuations in our net income as a result of translation gains or losses. As we continue to expand internationally, our currency rate fluctuation risk associated with the exchange rate movement of the U.S. Dollar against other foreign currencies is expected to increase. We do not currently hedge our foreign currency risk exposure. We actively monitor the movement of the U.S. Dollar against various foreign currencies and have considered the use of financial instruments, including but not limited to derivative financial instruments, which could mitigate such risk. If we determine that our risk of exposure materially exceeds the potential cost of derivative financial instruments, we may in the future enter in to these types of investments. During 2009, 2010, 2011 and 20112012 and in the six months ended June 30, 20112012 and 2012,2013, our foreign currency transaction gains and losses were immaterial. At this time we do not, but we may in the future, enter into derivatives or other financial instruments in order to hedge our foreign currency exchange risk. It is difficult to predict the impact hedging activities would have on our results of operations.

Inflation Risk

        We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

        On May 12, 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued amended authoritative guidance covering fair value measurements and disclosures. The amended guidance includes provisions for (1) the application of concepts of "highest and best use" and "valuation premises", (2) an option to measure groups of offsetting assets and liabilities on a net basis, (3) incorporation of certain premiums and discounts in fair value measurements, and (4) measurementNone of the fair value of certain instruments classified in shareholders' equity. The amended guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted this authoritative guidance effective January 1, 2012. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

        In December 2011, the FASB amended its guidance for disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. This guidance is intended to provide enhanced disclosures that will enable users of its financial statements to evaluate the effect or potential effect of netting arrangements on an entity's financial position. This includes the effect or potential effect of rights of setoff associated with an entity's recognized assets and recognized liabilities within the scope of this update. The amendments require enhanced disclosures by requiring improved information about financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either (1) offset in accordance with either Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45 or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset in accordance with either Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45. An entity is required to apply this amendment for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the disclosures required by those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. This guidance relates specifically to disclosures and its adoption is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

        In September 2011, the FASB amended its guidance for performance of goodwill impairment testing in order to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. The amendment allows entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If a greater than 50 percent likelihood exists that the fair value is less than the carrying amount then the two-step goodwill impairment test must be performed. The guidance provided by this update becomes effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, but early adoption is permitted. Early adoption is permitted, including for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed as of a date before September 15, 2011, if an entity's financial statements for the most recent annual or interim period have not yet been issued. We adopted the authoritative guidance effective October 1, 2011 and applied the guidance to the annual goodwill impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.


Table of Contents

        In June 2011, the FASB amended its guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income, which is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. In December 2011, the FASB deferred the requirement to present components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement that had previously been included in the June 2011 amended standard. This guidance eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders' equity. This guidance is intended to increase the prominence of other comprehensive income in financial statements by requiring that such amounts be presented either in a single continuous statement of income and comprehensive income or separately in consecutive statements of income and comprehensive income. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as we currently do not have components of comprehensive income and, as a result, the Company's net income is equal to its comprehensive income.

        In May 2011, the FASB amended its guidance to converge fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS. This amendment addresses fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for the purpose of providing consistency and common meaning between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. This amendment is not intended to change the application of the requirements but primarily changes the wording to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

        In February 2010, the FASBrecently issued amended guidance on certain recognition and disclosure requirements for subsequent events. The amended guidance requires an entity that is a filer with the SEC to evaluate subsequent events through the date that the financial statements are issued and removes the requirement for an SEC filer to disclose a date, in both issued and revised financial statements, through which the filer had evaluated subsequent events. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

        In January 2010, the FASB issued amended guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures. The new guidance requires additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements, amends disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets, and provides clarification regarding the level of disaggregation of fair value disclosures by investment class. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for certain Level 3 activity disclosure requirements that will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010. Accordingly, we adopted this in 2010, except for the additional Level 3 requirements, which were adopted in 2011. Level 3 assets and liabilities are those whose fair market value inputs are unobservable and reflect management's best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

        Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB, andthe SEC and/or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are notis expected to have a material impact on theour consolidated financial statements upon adoption.statements.


Table of Contents


BUSINESS

Overview

        Shutterstock operates an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and videosvideo clips that companies use in their visual communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. Demand for commercial digital imagery comes primarily from businesses, marketing agencies and media organizations. We estimate that the market for pre-shot commercial digital imagery will grow from approximately $4 billion in 2011 to approximately $6 billion in 2016, based on a study conducted on our behalf by L.E.K. There has been a significant increase in the demand for commercial digital imagery as rapid technological advances have reduced the cost and effort required to create, license and use images. Our global online marketplace brings together users of commercial digital imagery with image creators from around the world. More than 550,000750,000 active, paying users contributed to revenue in 2011,2012, representing an increase of 71%36% compared to the prior year. More than 35,00040,000 approved contributors make their images and video clips available in our library,collection, which has grown to more than 2028 million images.images and more than 1 million video clips. This makes our librarycollection one of the largest of its kind, and, in the twelve months ended December 31, 2011,2012, we delivered more than 5876 million paid downloads (including both commercial and editorial images) to our customers. We believe that we delivered the highest volume of commercial image downloads in this period2012 of any single brand in our industry.

        Our online marketplace provides a freely searchable librarycollection of commercial digital imagesimagery (i.e., stock photography, illustrations, vectors and video clips) that our users can pay to license, download and incorporate into their work. We compensate image contributors for each of their images or video clips that is downloaded. This marketplace model allows us to offer users a disruptive, low-cost and easy-to-use alternative to the time-consuming and expensive traditional methods of obtaining commercial imagery. It enables millions of small and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs, to affordably access commercial digital images,imagery, and allows larger enterprises and media agencies to more easily and efficiently satisfy their increasing image needs.

        We are the beneficiaries of significant network effects. As we have grown, our broadening audience of paying users has attracted more imagesimagery from contributors. This increased selection of imagesimagery has in turn helped to attract more paying users. The success of this network effect is facilitated by the trust that users place in Shutterstock to maintain the integrity of our branded marketplace. Every contributor in our marketplace and every image we make available must pass our proprietary screening process and meet our standards of quality. In addition, and unlike the significant majority of free images available online, our rigorous vetting process enables us to provide confidence and indemnification to our users that the imagescontent in our library havecollection has been appropriately licensed for commercial or editorial use.

        We make imagethe licensing of images and video clips affordable, simple and easy in order to encourage a high volume of purchases and downloads. Our customers' average cost per image is approximately $2.00.download was $2.23 in 2012. We are a pioneer of the subscription-based usage model in our industry, whereby subscribers can download and use a large number of images in their creative process without concern for the incremental cost of each download. A significant majority of our downloads come from subscription-based users, who contribute approximately half of our revenue. We also offer simple and easy-to-use On Demand purchase options for users with less consistent needs.who purchase imagery when and as needed. As a result of our simple and affordable licensing models, we believe that we achieved the highest volume of commercial image downloads of any single brand in our industry in 2011.2012. In addition to drivinggenerating revenue, this high volume of download activity allows us to continually improve the quality and accuracy of our search algorithms, as well as to encourage the creation of new content to meet our users' needs.

        Our revenue is diversified and predictable. More than 550,000750,000 customers from more than 150 countries contributed to our revenue in 2011,2012, with our top 25 customers in the aggregate accounting for


Table of Contents

less than 2%3% of our revenue. We have historically benefitted from a high degree of revenue retention from both subscription-based and On Demand customers. For example, in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, we experienced year-to-year revenue retention of 82%, 96%, 102% and 102%100%, respectively. This means that customers that


Table of Contents

contributed to our revenue in 20102011 contributed, in the aggregate, 102%100% as much revenue in 20112012 as they did in 2010.2011. Customers typically pay us upfront and then use their downloads in a predictable pattern over time, which results in favorable cash flow characteristics and has historically added predictability and stability to our financial performance.

        We have achieved significant growth since our marketplace was launched in 2003. In 20102011 and 2011,2012, we generated revenue of $83.0$120.3 million and $120.3$169.6 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth of 35.8%45.0% and 45.0%41.0%, respectively. In 20102011 and 2011,2012, we generated Adjusted EBITDA of $21.8$26.5 million and $26.5$34.9 million, respectively, Non-GAAP Net income of $23.9 million and $28.0 million, respectively, and Free Cash Flow of $27.6$36.1 million and $36.1$41.8 million, respectively. See "Summary Consolidated Historical and Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Data—Non-GAAP Financial Measures." In 20102011 and 2011,2012, our net income was $18.9$21.9 million and $21.9$47.5 million, respectively. In 2012, our net income included a one-time tax benefit of $28.8 million related to the Reorganization. We are a global business; in 2011, 34%2012, 35% of our revenue came from North America, 37% came from Europe and 66%28% came from the rest of the world.

Industry Overview: Commercial Digital Imagery

        Images help businesses to communicate.communicate and engage with customers, market their products, and differentiate their brand. Companies invest in imagery for the same reasons they invest in marketing, advertising and media production: to increase the impact, engagement and differentiation of their communications. From the smallest start-ups to the largest multinationals, companies pay to license photographs, videosvideo clips and illustrations for use in print and digital marketing materials, corporate communications, external and internal websites, social networking sites, mobile applications, games and video.videos. Imagery is also widely used in publishing books, eBooks, magazines and news articles. The demand for paid imagery in a commercial context comes primarily from:

        These professional users of imagery are extremelyvery selective about where they source their images; images must be of high quality and must fulfill the licensing obligations necessary for use in a commercial context. In order to meet these requirements, commercial digital imagery is typically either specially commissioned or licensed from pre-shot image libraries. Pre-shot images are not created for a single, specific purpose at a user's expense; rather they are catalogued for review and selection by a range of potential users. Pre-shot images are generally considered a more affordable, less time-intensive substitute for commissioned imagery.

        We estimate that the total market for commercial imagery was approximately $11 billion in 2011 and that it will grow to approximately $13 billion in 2016, based on a study conducted on our behalf in August 2012 by L.E.K. The commercial imagery market is comprised of custom imagery and stock imagery. Within the stock imagery market, L.E.K. defined three segments: the "traditional stock photography" segment, the "stock photography marketplace" segment and all other forms of stock imagery. The traditional segment is characterized by higher-touch customer relationships, negotiated image prices, and groups of professional photographers who create images exclusively for one agency, often on a salaried basis. The stock photography marketplace segment is characterized by self-serve ecommerce with simple, inexpensive


Table of Contents

licensing options and a large number of contributors from around the world. The remaining segment is comprised of all other forms of stock imagery, including stock illustrations, vectors and video templates and fonts.clips. Shutterstock has traditionally participated in the stock photography marketplace segment along with the market for other forms of stock imagery, including stock illustrations, vectors and video.video clips.

        According to L.E.K., the market for stock imagery, or "pre-shot commercial digital imagery," will grow from approximately $4 billion in 2011 to approximately $6 billion by 2016. L.E.K. estimates that the


Table of Contents

stock photography marketplace segment along with the market for all other forms of stock imagery will grow 15-20% annually to a total of more than $3.5 billion in 2016. In the same period, L.E.K. estimates that the traditional segment will remain stable at approximately $2.3 billion.

        As the quality, quantity and awareness of pre-shot image licensing options continue to increase over time, we believe that pre-shot images will satisfy an increasing portion of the demand for custom commercial photography, which L.E.K. estimates to be a $7 billion market in 2016.

        Since imagery is often a component of an advertising campaign or media production, the demand for commercial digital imagery is largely driven by the global marketing and publishing industries. In 2011, more than $631 billion was spent in the global advertising industry, according to IDC. In that same period, IBISWorld estimates that more than $379 billion was spent in the global publishing industry (including books, newspapers and magazines). We believe that disruptive technological trends are expanding the role of commercial digital imagery within these industries and driving growth in the demand and supply of images.

Disruptive Growth in Demand for Commercial Digital Imagery

        Today, businessesBusinesses are increasing their use of visual communications because the tools of communication and creativity are becoming easier and less expensive to use. For example, in the last five years, the number of public websites has grown 43% annually to more than 670 million, according to Netcraft. We expect this growth to continue. According to BIA/Kelsey, more than 32% of small and medium-sized U.S. businesses, or SMBs, surveyed do not yet have a website. As technology continues to democratize visual communication, we believe that more and moreadditional customers will come into the market for commercial digital imagery.

        In addition to growth in the number of customers that can make use of licensed imagery, trends in the type and frequency of visual communications that customers produce are driving increased image demand per customer. For example, in addition to operating commercial websites, more businesses are using image-rich digital marketing and communication channels, including email marketing, blogging, digital video and display advertisements; BIA/Kelsey estimates that SMB advertising spend on online digital media will increase from $5.4 billion in 2010 to $16.6 billion in 2015, representing a compound annual growth rate of 25%. Since commercial digital imagery is one of several important components of online digital media, we anticipate that SMBs will increase their spend on commercial digital imagery as well; the visual and engaging forms of communication that they will seek to create will require more images per communication and more frequent communications per customer. Given the growing volume of images necessary to effectively communicate online, we believe that SMBs will be particularly likely to prefer efficient and affordable sources of commercial imagery.

        The historical expense and complexity of procuring high-quality imagery once meant that it was affordable only for the largest of businesses. A commissioned shoot often cost thousands of dollars, while traditional pre-shot photos still typically cost hundreds of dollars. Today, the rapidly increasing availability of low-cost, commercial-quality digital imagery through online marketplaces is allowing businesses of all sizes to quickly search for, find, and download affordable visual content under simple licensing models. This has made it economically viable for millions of SMBs to use commercial digital images for the first time, and allows larger enterprises and media agencies to more easily and affordably satisfy their increasing demand for images.


Table of Contents

        The growth in image demand for use in print and web communications is being compounded by trends in mobile and tablet internet browsing. Just as traditional broadband penetration enabled bandwidth-intensive media like images to become increasingly popular on the internet, so istoo will the spread of mobile broadband drivingdrive images and video clips to become increasingly common elements of the mobile web. Mobile devices are becoming increasingly visual, with high-resolution screens and touch interfaces that are driving an expectation of higher quality and more visually compelling mobile content. As trends in mobile


Table of Contents

and tablet internet usage continue to drive demand for rich visual user experiences, we believe that there will be a resulting increase in demand for commercial digital imagery.

Disruptive Low-Cost Supply of Commercial Digital Imagery

        Over the last several years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of people equipped to create high-quality digital imagery. Only a few years ago, the industry for commercial images relied on a small group of professionals who owned expensive equipment and could afford to pay high image development costs. Now, there are millions of professionals, semi-professionals and hobbyists who are able to capture, store and display high-quality digital images. With the proliferation of camera phones, social media and mobile broadband, people around the world are becoming increasingly accustomed to creating and consuming compelling imagery.

        This change is being driven by rapid technological advances that are making the tools of creative production affordable to a much larger group of people. Most notably, affordable, high-quality digital cameras and video cameras are rapidly achieving mainstream adoption. For example, in 2010 more than 11.2 million digital SLR cameras were sold globally. Many were sold for less than $500, whereas the first digital SLR camera was not available until 1991 and cost more than $24,000. These digital cameras eliminate the marginal cost of image capture, which increases the number of images created per photographer. The editing and enhancing of digital images is seeing similar democratization; high-performance photo and video editing software is increasingly becoming easy and affordable enough to be used by non-professional photographers and videographers. In addition, the growing availability of broadband internet access around the world has made it easier for professionals and non-professionals to upload and deliver commercial-quality digital imagery to those who wouldwilling to pay to license it.

        While substantially all commercial digital photographs that are consumed today have been created using a digital SLR camera, the image quality produced by smartphone cameras continues to improve. As advances in mobile photography continue to be introduced by smartphone manufacturers, we expect that the number of individuals equipped to create commercial digital imagery will continue to grow.

Increased Importance of Online Marketplaces

        With the emergence of millions of new users and millions of new potential contributors, the global market for commercial digital imagery has become increasingly fragmented in both supply and demand. Online marketplaces for imagery use the disruptive power of the internet to enable these highly fragmented groups to interact with each other commercially; they encourage image submissions from hundreds of thousands of contributors around the world and then match the growing demand for commercial images with this increasingly available supply. The digital economics of online marketplaces enable affordable pricing that allows small and medium-sized businesses to participate in the market, and provide existing image buyers an alternative to the expensive and time-consuming processes of working with traditional image agencies or of commissioning custom images. By providing easy access to a wide range of low-cost, high-quality licensed images, and at the same time providing marketing, distribution and payment services for digital image creators, online marketplaces are becoming the centerpiece of a new dynamic in the market for commercial imagery.


Table of Contents

Challenges in the Market for Commercial Digital Imagery

Challenges for Users

        Even with the advent of websites capable of sourcing and providing commercial digital imagery, a large number of challenges remain for users:


Table of Contents

Challenges for Contributors

        Creators of commercial digital imagery face significant obstacles to distributing their images to a large audience, discovering the kinds of content that customers demand, and monetizing their work efficiently, including:




Table of Contents


Table of Contents

The Shutterstock Solution

Key Benefits for Our Users

Millions of high-quality images and video clips available for commercial use

 

We currently provide a licensable digital content librarycollection of more than 2028 million images and more than 1 million video clips, one of the largest librariescollections of its kind. In the twelve months ended December 31, 2011,2012, we added an average of 11.4 million images and video clips per quarter. We source our content from over 35,00040,000 approved image contributors in more than 125100 countries and provide a broad, non-exclusive commercial or editorial license allowing customers to use an image or video clip in perpetuity in any geography or medium.




Superior search results


 

We consider our proprietary search interface and algorithms to be intuitive and efficient, allowing users with widely ranging search queries to quickly find the most suitable image for their needs. Our search algorithms automatically evolve based on customer usage data such as searches and downloads to produce more effective search results over time. We believe that, with one of the highest volumes of downloads of commercial images,content in 2012, we have the data to power the best search experience in our industry.


Table of Contents




Low cost of imagescontent


 

Our affordable pricing models enable users to download imagescontent for as little as $0.28 per image.download. Across our pricing plans, customers paypaid an average of approximately $2.00$2.23 per image.download in 2012. We believe that our disruptive pricing models increase the number of businesses that can participate in the market for commercial imagery and that they expandincrease the volumenumber of downloads that we deliver.




Creative freedom through simple pricing


 

Our subscription-based pricing model makes the creative process easier. Subscription users can download any image in our librarycollection at any resolution we offer for use in their creative process without worrying about incremental cost. This provides greater creative freedom and helps improve their work product. For users who need fewer images,less content, we offer simple, affordable, On Demand pricing, which is presented as a flat rate across all imagescontent and sizes that we offer.


Table of Contents

100% vetted, commercial-quality imagescontent

 

We are extraordinarilyhighly focused on maintaining the quality of the imagery in our library. Each of our imagescollection. Our content has been vetted by a member of our review team for standards of quality and relevance. We also leverage proprietary review technology to pre-filter images and video clips and enhance the productivity of our reviewers. Less than 20% of contributor applicants who applied in 20112012 were approved as contributors to shutterstock.com, and less than 60%70% of imagesour content uploaded by approved contributors in 20112012 satisfied our rigorous acceptance requirements.




Appropriately licensed imagescontent


 

We provide images and video clips that are appropriately licensed for commercial and editorial use. Our review process is designed to ensure that every image and video clip is appropriately licensed for its intended use. For example, a model release is required for all images and video clips that include a person with recognizable features and a property release is required for images of certain types of property and public places with photography policies. The strength of our review process enables us to offer $10,000 of indemnification protection to every customer to cover legal costs or damages that may arise from their use of a Shutterstock image.content. In certain cases, we offer even greater indemnification levels through custom contracts.


Table of Contents


Key Benefits for Our Contributors



Distribution to the largest, global audience


 

Our global marketplace provides image creators with access to millions of image users searching for imagery to license. Our flagship website operates globally in ten20 languages, allowing users around the world to easily search and access our entire collection of photosimages and videosvideo clips online. In 2011,2012, shutterstock.com received an average of more than 7approximately 10 million monthly unique visitors and more than 4365 million monthly page views according to comScore Media Metrix, and we delivered more than 5876 million paid downloads. According to industry surveys, contributors who have images available on our site typically generate more income through Shutterstock than through any other sites with which they are registered.




Global ecommerce capabilities


 

Our global ecommerce platform allows us to process payments from users across the world in eight10 currencies, and pay our contributors monthly. Our users can currently transact on our flagship website in ten20 languages, and we provide fraud protection, refunds and other types of customer support via phone and email on behalf of our contributors.




Efficient uploading, tagging and review process


 

Based on user feedback and competitive benchmarking, we believe that we have the most efficient upload, tagging and review process of all of the major competitors in our industry. We are committed to continuously finding new and innovative ways to improve our contributor interface and to providing fastshort upload and review times—we typically process imagescontent within 36approximately 72 hours of upload.


Table of Contents

Robust feedback, tools and information

 

We provide valuable tools and insights to our contributors. ContributorsOur contributors can monitor download activity by image and geography, as well as by self-defined image themes. We also provide data on search trends, allowing content creators to see which images and subjects are popular on our site, and to plan new content themes accordingly.




Specialized community


 

We operate a forum for the photographers, videographers and illustrators that make up our contributor community, allowing them to share tips with one another and to showcase their work. Our strict acceptance tests for new submissions provide contributors with a sense of challenge, accomplishment and exclusivity that makes our forums more useful and valuable.


Table of Contents

Shutterstock's Competitive Strengths

        In addition to the compelling value propositions and solutions that we offer to users and contributors, we believe that the following competitive advantages separate us from our competitors:

        A Leading Global Marketplace with Strong Network Effects.    Our content librarycollection is currently one of the largest in the commercial digital imagery industry, with over 2028 million photographs and illustrationsimages and more than 550,0001 million video clips, from more than 35,00040,000 contributors. In 2011,2012, our contributors added more than 4five million new images to shutterstock.com. In the same twelve month period, shutterstock.com received an average of more than 7approximately 10 million monthly unique visitors and more than 4365 million monthly page views according to comScore Media Metrix. We believe that the growth of our content librarycollection and the growth in our site traffic support one another through a strong network effect—a broader selection of images and video clips from our contributors attracts more image users; this larger audience of paying users increases the amount spent in our marketplace and attracts more content submissions from a greater number of contributors.

        Extensive Data and Superior Search.    Since 2003, our users have executed hundreds of millions of searches and made more than 250300 million paid image downloads from our content library.collection. In 2011,2012, we delivered more than 5876 million paid downloads (including both commercial and editorial images) to our customers. We believe that we delivered the highest volume of commercial image downloads in this period2012 of any single brand in our industry. This high volume of data, including data about the searches and downloads that our users execute, enables us to continuously improve our search algorithms. Furthermore, unlike the significant majority of images available for free online, each image in our librarycollection is tagged by its contributor with an average of 30approximately 35 relevant keywords. Currently, the Shutterstock librarycollection contains more than 650995 million contributor-generated image tags. This behavioral and keyword data, along with our investments in technology and our many years of experience in developing search algorithms designed specifically for the commercial digital imagery industry, increase the chances that our users find the image they require. We believe that a successful search experience is a critical determinant of customer satisfaction, and that our success in this area attracts more users to our websites.

        Simple, Flexible and Low-Cost Pricing.    Since inception, we have aimed to deliver exceptional value to our users through simple and flexible pricing options. Our customers' average cost per image is approximately $2.00.download was $2.23 in 2012. We were a pioneer of the subscription-based payment model in our industry. SubscriptionOur subscription plans generate an important sense of creative freedom for our professional users, enabling them to try out multiple images or video clips without concern for the incremental cost of each download. Additionally, we offer simple and cost-effective On Demand purchase options for less frequent users. The simplicity and affordability of these plans have allowed us to broaden our existing and potential user base. These pricing models also benefit our contributors due to the high volume of paid downloads we are able to generate on their behalf. According to industry surveys, our contributors typically generate more income from their work through Shutterstock than through any other image provider.


Table of Contents

        Trusted, Actively Managed Marketplace.    We are committed to providing a trusted online marketplace for appropriately licensed, high-quality commercial imagery.imagery and video clips. Our rigorous review process for new images ensures the integrity and quality of content in our library.collection. Each image and video clip is individually examined by our team of trained reviewers to meet our high standards of quality and commercial viability. This review process is designed to minimize the legal risk to our users from inappropriately licensed imagery. As a result of the significant investment we make in our review processes, we are able to provide indemnification protection that covers up to $10,000 should any legal costs or direct damages for claims arise from the use of an image or footage clip licensed through Shutterstock. In some cases, we offer even highergreater or unlimited levels of indemnification through custom contracts. We offer indemnification as a signal to our customers that they can trust the quality and licensability of content available through our marketplace; this sets us apart from many competitors and free sources of imagery.


Table of Contents

Shutterstock's Growth Strategies

        Acquire More Users and Contributors.    We believe that there is a significant opportunity to grow our marketplace by increasing awareness of our brand and value proposition. For example, as of our last comprehensive customer survey, more than 70% of our customers work at companies with 20 employees or less;fewer; however, our active user base of U.S. SMBs currently represents less than 1%2% of the approximately 24 million SMBs that BIA/Kelsey estimates exist in the United States alone. We view this as a marketing opportunity. MuchA significant portion of our growth to date has been driven by word of mouth recommendations. We plan to continue to foster word of mouth by continuing to grow our librarycollection and deliver exceptional service. Additionally, we expect to increase our investments in online and offline marketing to help raise awareness in our core customer community as well as in additional market segments and geographies. In parallel, we intend to grow the depth and breadth of our content librarycollection by increasing awareness among potential contributors of the opportunity to share their creative work with a broader audience and generate income through Shutterstock.

        Lead Innovation in User and Contributor Experience.    We intend to build on our market-leading position by providing the best online experience for digital image users and contributors. With one of the largest collections of images in the industry, and one of the highest volumes of commercial image downloads, we believe that we have more information on the marketplace and user needs than any of our competitors. We intend to use this advantagedata to continue to improve the quality of our search algorithms and user experience. We also plan to enhance the tools we offer contributors to help them establish their portfolio on our site, track their performance and explore opportunities to create content that customers need. We plan to continue to improve the speed and usefulness of feedback that we provide contributors on the images that they submit, and facilitate new ways for them to participate in an engaged community of their peers. Lastly, we intend to roll out new product offerings and product extensions that we believe will create deeper relationships with our core communities and attract new users to our sites.

        Increase Localization.    We are a global company, with contributors and users in more than 150 countries, contributors in more than 100 countries and a website that is available in ten20 languages. We plan to deepen our global penetration among users and contributors by improving the quality of the Shutterstock experience, regardless of language or location. For example, we intend to increase the number of languages, currencies and payment methods that we support in order to serve an even larger global user base. Furthermore, we plan to improve the quality of non-English searches by increasing the sophistication with which we handle non-English image tagging and search ranking. Finally, there is significant unmet demand for localized content, such as images with locally relevant themes, customs, objects and ethnicities. We plan to increase the geographical diversity of our contributor community so that we can provide the images demanded by our increasingly global user base.

        Increase Our Penetration of Media Agencies and Large Enterprises.    To date, the majority of our revenue has been generated from SMBs purchasing online, many of whom did not previously have access to low-cost commercial digital imagery. As of our last comprehensive customer survey, conducted in June 2011, less than 10% of our customers worked at companies with more than 500 employees. Furthermore,


Table of Contents

in 2011,2012, less than 10% of our revenue was generated through our direct sales organization, which focuses on sales to media agencies and large enterprises. We believe that we have a strong value proposition for media agencies and large enterprises, which account for a significant portion of the existing market for commercial digital imagery. These companies have historically purchased commercial imagery via sales-driven relationships and are used to complex licensing, limited image libraries and high prices. While our sales and support organization has historically been focused primarily on inbound customer communications, we are working to increase our revenue from media agencies and large enterprises through a direct sales approach and by offering tailored purchase options. We recently began building a direct sales team and distinctive product offerings to target media agencies and large enterprises. We plan to expand our efforts in this area. This team represented less than 5%


Table of our staff as of December 31, 2011.Contents

        Pursue Emerging Content Types.    Alternative content types such as video footage represent significant opportunities for growth. According to MagnaGlobal, global online video advertising spending is expected to increase 27% annually from $3.1 billion in 2010 to $10.2 billion in 2015. Video has become a mainstream online activity globally, and is forecasted to expand to 62% of all consumer internet traffic by 2015, according to Cisco's Visual Networking Index. As user demand is increasing, the cost for contributors to create and produce professional video content is becoming increasingly affordable, most notably due to digital SLR cameras that include HD video capabilities. Given the convergence of photography and video tools, we believe that our network effects in still image licensing will help propel our efforts in the video market. In addition to video, we see opportunities in other emerging digital content areas that may be relevant to our customers.

Products

        We provide licensed content that our users purchase to enhance their visual communications. Our content librarycollection is currently one of the largest in the commercial digital imagery industry, with over 2028 million images.images and more than 1 million video clips. We offer a variety of content types, including photography, illustrations, vector art and video footage. Users can search our librarycollection and preview watermarked versions of our content at no cost. They can then pay to license and download the images they need, either on a subscription basis or on a per-download basis. Shutterstock images are provided under a royalty-free non-exclusive license and, as an assurance of the integrity of our content, users are generally protectedcovered by up to $10,000 in indemnification protection against any legal costs or damages that may arise from the licensed use of our images. Each image is available for high-resolution digital download and has been vetted by our team of reviewers to ensure that it meets our standards of quality and can be appropriately licensed for commercial or editorial use.

        Photographs.    We offer high qualityhigh-quality photographs that cover a wide variety of subjects, including animals/wildlife, the arts, backgrounds/textures, beauty/fashion, buildings/landmarks, business/finance, celebrities, education, food and drink, healthcare/medical, holidays, nature, objects, people, religion, science, sports/recreation, technology and transportation. The significant majority of our photography collection is made up of creative images that can be used in both commercial and editorial contexts. Images that are marked as editorial-only, such as photographs of celebrities and newsworthy events, which constitute fewer than 10% of our total images, cannot be used to promote a product or service; instead these images are licensed for use in editorial settings such as newspapers, blogs and magazines. Photographs are available in a variety of sizes including small files that are appropriate for mobile browsing and large files appropriate for large format prints and high-resolution displays. Currently, photographs make up approximately 70%69% of our library.collection.

        Illustrations and Vector Art.    In addition to photographic images, we also offer images that have been created using illustration tools and software. These images are made up of two types: illustrations (raster graphics) and vector art (vector graphics). Raster graphics are stored as a fixed set of pixels, whereas vector graphics are stored using geometric modeling. Since vectors are described using geometric data instead of fixed pixels, vectors can be scaled to any size without loss of resolution or quality. Currently, illustrations and vector art make up approximately 27% of our library.


Table of Contentscollection.

        Video Footage.    For users engaged in producing video advertisements, commercial motion pictures, television programming, video games, interactive applications and other video-based media, we also provide video footage. Footage clips are available in a variety of formats and sizes, including High Definition (HD). Currently, our video footage librarycollection contains more than 550,000one million video clips and makes up approximately 3%4% of our library.collection.

        Curated, High-End Content.    For users looking for imagery from top photographers and illustrators around the world, our Offset brand provides authentic imagery and a straightforward licensing process. Artists featured on the site include assignment photographers Maura McEvoy and David Prince, and


Table of Contents

illustrators Jacob Thomas and Rian Hughes. Offset also features work from established and respected collections including National Geographic and Huber Images. Every image has been hand-curated for inclusion in a specific category, such as commercial lifestyle, food, travel and fashion.

        Online Learning Platform.    For digital professionals looking to improve their skills, our Skillfeed platform provides an online marketplace of curated video courses accessed through a subscription plan. Skillfeed features approximately 10,000 videos from over 100 instructors, and includes tutorials on subjects ranging from graphic design, video and photo editing, to professional skills such as Microsoft Excel and web development. Skillfeed offers comprehensive courses, with videos of 20 minutes or more, designed to develop in-depth professional skills, as well as shorter courses designed to provide new tips and techniques on a range of topics.

Purchase Options

        Shutterstock strives to offer simple, straightforward purchase options that remove complexity from a customer's workflow. We currently offer the following options:

        Subscription:    Shutterstock'sOur signature and highest grossing purchase option is itsour 25-a-day subscription. This purchase option allows a user to download up to a total of 25 photos, vectors or illustrations per day under Shutterstock'sour Standard License, regardless of image size. Subscription customers can download and experiment with multiple images at no extra cost, which removes friction from their creative process. Subscriptions can be purchased in 30 day, 90 day, 180 day and 365 day increments and are paid in advance. ThisAdditionally, the subscription package for our new online learning marketplace, Skillfeed, allows users to access unlimited videos for a single monthly price. Subscription purchase optionoptions currently representsrepresent approximately 50% of our revenue.

        On Demand:    Customers can also buy images in fixed packages. For example, Shutterstock offerswe offer On Demand packages that include 1one image, 5five images, 25 or 2560 images with various resolution under Shutterstock'sour Standard License. Shutterstock chargesWe charge the same price for illustrations and vectors as it doeswe do for photographs and it doeswe do not charge more for a full resolution image than a small image. This offers customers the simplicity of being able to license any size of any still image in our librarycollection for the same price. Once a customer purchases images On Demand from Shutterstock,us, he or she has up to one year to download those images before they expire. While the vastsignificant majority of On Demand revenue comes from Shutterstock'sour Standard License packages, other forms of On Demand purchases include Enhanced Licenses (for customers who need broader licensing rights than are offered under Shutterstock'sour Standard License) and images licensed through BigStock.Bigstock and Offset. Together, all of our On Demand purchase options currently represent approximately 40%35% of revenue.

        Other Purchase Options:    Shutterstock providesWe provide a number of other purchase options which together represent approximately 10%15% of our revenue. These purchase options include custom accounts (for customers that need multi-seat access, invoicing, unlimited indemnification or a higher volume of images) and video footage (which are sold individually and in fixed packages).

Users

        We serve a wide variety of companies across numerous industries, organizational sizes and geographies. As of December 31, 2011,2012, our customer database contained more than 3three million user accounts. Of these, more than 550,000750,000 users contributed to revenue in 2011.2012. Due to our large number of customers and the way that our products are sold, we do not have any material customer concentration; our largest single customer made up less than 1%2% of revenue in 2011.2012. Our users tend to fit into three categories: businesses, marketing agencies and media organizations.

        Businesses.    Business customers require high-quality, commercially-licensedcommercially licensed digital imagery for a wide range of communication materials. Such communication materials may be intended for internal or external use and include websites, print and digital advertisements, annual reports, brochures, employee


Table of Contents

communications, newsletters, email marketing campaigns and presentations. Shutterstock's business users range from sole proprietors toFortune 500 companies.

        Marketing Agencies.    Marketing agencies require high-quality, commercially-licensedcommercially licensed digital imagery to incorporate in the work they produce for their clients' business communications. Whether providing


Table of Contents

graphic design, web design, interactive design, advertising, public relations, communications or marketing services, Shutterstock's marketing users range from independent freelancers to the largest global agencies.

        Media Organizations.    Media professionals require high-quality, commercially-licensedcommercially licensed digital imagery to incorporate in the content they produce, including newspapers, books, magazines, digital publications, television and film. They also require high qualityhigh-quality images to market their products effectively. Shutterstock's media users range from independent bloggers to multi-national publishing and broadcast organizations.

Content Contributors and Content Review Process

        The content we provide to our users is created by a community of contributors from around the world and is vetted by our specialized team of image and video clip reviewers. Whether photographers, videographers, illustrators or designers, our community of more than 35,00040,000 approved contributors range from part-time enthusiasts to full-time professionals, and all of them must meet high standards in order to work with Shutterstock.

        In order to become a contributor, an individual must submit an application that includes a portfolio of images or videos.video clips. Of more than 375,000495,000 contributor accounts that havehad been created as of December 31, 2012, less than 40,000 contributors have been10% were approved. Once accepted by Shutterstock's review team, contributors can upload as many images as they would like; however, every submitted image is reviewed and either accepted or rejected by our team to ensure that images in our librarycollection meet certain standards of aesthetic and technical quality. Approximately 38As of December 31, 2012, approximately 43 million images havehad been submitted to our review team by approved contributors and, of those, only 2023 million, or approximately 50%, were approved and made available in our marketplace. Each image that is rejected by our review team is tagged with at least one rejection reason that is communicated to the submitting contributor to help him or her to improve and to give insight into our review standards. Such rejection reasons include focus, composition, poor lighting, trademark infringement and limited commercial value. We combine proprietary technology and highly trained content review staff to deliver sophisticated yet efficient image review—we typically process images within 36approximately 72 hours of upload.

        Contributors are required to associate keywords with each image they submit in order to make their images more easily found using our search algorithms. Keywords usually contain both descriptive terms that literally identify the content of an image (e.g., "padlock") and conceptual terms that describe what an image might convey (e.g., "security"). We currently have over 650995 million contributor generated keywords in our database, an average ofwith approximately 3035 keywords per image.

        All imagescontent accepted into our collection are added to our website where they are available for search, selection, license and download. Contributors are paid monthly based on how many times their images or video clips have been licensed in the previous month. Contributors may choose to remove their images or video clips from our librarycollection at any time. Due to our large number of contributors, we do not have any material content supply concentration; the content contributed by our five highest-earning contributors was together responsible for less than 4% of downloads in 2011.2012.

        Shutterstock provides different earnings structures for photographs, illustrations and vector art, and for video footage:

        Photographs, Illustrations and Vector Art.    Contributors of photographs, illustrations and vector art are paid based on the number of times that their images have been licensed and downloaded. The vastsignificant majority of image downloads are licensed under our Standard License. The amount that a contributor of a


Table of Contents

photograph or vector receives per Standard License typically ranges from $0.25 per image downloaded to $2.85$5.70 per image downloaded. The exact amount is determined by our published earnings schedule and depends on the lifetime earnings of the contributor on our website and the purchase option under which an image was licensed. When images are licensed under our Enhanced License, the contributor of that image earns $28.00 per image downloaded. When images are licensed under other purchase options or


Table of Contents

license types, contributors earn between 20% and 30% of the sale price of each image based on his or her lifetime earnings as a contributor.

        Video Footage.    Contributors of video footage are also paid based on the number of times that their video clips have been licensed and downloaded. When a video clip is downloaded the contributor is typically paid 30% of the sale price with certain minimum amounts per download.

Technology and Infrastructure

        Our business is built on a foundation of technology and all of our products and services are made possible by the proprietary technology and robust infrastructure that we have developed. We believe that delivering intuitive, fast and effective user experiences, supported by robust and scalable technology platforms, is critical to our success.

        We employ technology to support both our public facing websites and our back-office systems. We use a combination of proprietary technologies and commercially available licensed technologies, including open source software. We focus our internal development efforts on creating and enhancing the specialized proprietary software that is unique to our business and we leverage commercially available and open source technologies for our more generalized needs.

        Our customer-facing software enables users to search millions of digital images and then select, organize, pay for, license and download the images that they would like to use. Our proprietary search algorithms evolve automatically based on behavioral data, which means that each search and download that a user performs on our website gives our search engine more information with which to improve. Having delivered over 250300 million paid downloads since 2003, the data that we have collected and the search technology that it powers are an important and proprietary asset. We have also invested in making our ecommerce platform a global one, allowing customers to search and make purchases in ten20 languages and eight10 currencies.

        Our contributor-facing software enables users to apply to become a contributor, upload and tag images and videos,video clips, receive feedback on their submissions from our review team, see reports on earnings and payouts, and participate in online discussion forums with other contributors. We have also developed proprietary tools to help our contributors improve their craft, including our Keyword Trends Tool that allows contributors to see what terms customers are searching for and how those search terms are trending over time. This tool allows contributors to anticipate demand and generate images that customers will want to license, and is another example of how we combine software and large-scale proprietary datasets to deliver value to our users.

        Our internal software enables the technological and business processes necessary to deliver a superior experience for customers and contributors. This includes a content review system that allows our review team to efficiently and accurately review every single image that is made available on our websites. It also includes applications that enable customer and contributor support, intellectual property rights and license tracking, centralized invoicing and sales order processing, customer database management, language translation, global contributor payouts, compliance, finance and accounting functions.

        Our systems infrastructure is hosted by industry-leading third-party hosting providers that offer 24-hour monitoring, high-speed network access, auxiliary power generators and back-up systems. We maintain multiple production datacenters to provide rapid content delivery to our customers and also to support business continuity in the event of an emergency. We also use content delivery network solutions to ensure fast access to our content around the world. Network, website, service and hardware-level


Table of Contents

monitoring, coupled with remote-content monitoring, allow our systems to maintain a high level of uptime and availability with high-performance delivery.

        Our development teams employ Agile Development methodologies to increase the speed and effectiveness of our technology efforts; we focus on iterative and incremental development processes through which cross-functional teams release software code nearly every day and manage their own progress in


Table of Contents

two-week cycles known as "sprints." We view our investments in technology as being core to our long-term success and we intend to continue to investigate, develop and make capital investments in technology and operational systems that support our current business and new areas of potential business expansion.

Brands

        Shutterstock is our flagship brand and the significant majority of our revenues arerevenue is generated via shutterstock.com. We also operate a business called Bigstock which Shutterstock acquired in 2009. Additionally, we launched Offset and Skillfeed in 2013. Offset is a new brand featuring a collection of curated imagery from top photographers and illustrators featuring the works from established and respected collection including, but not limited to, National Geographic and Huber Images. Skillfeed is a new online marketplace that offers a collection of curated video learning courses for digital professionals through a simple, affordable subscription plan. We have maintained these as separate brands in order to allow us to target two different customer segments. While Shutterstock generates the majority of its revenue from higher-volume image users and subscription-based pricing models, Bigstock targetsfocuses on the needs of lower-volume, more cost-conscious image users and emphasizes simple per-image pricing.Offset focuses on high-end advertising agencies and commercial buyers. Shutterstock's image librarycollection currently contains more than 2028 million images.images and more than 1 million video clips. This figure does not include Bigstock's image librarycollection which contains more than 1113 million images, many of which are also available through Shutterstock.

Marketing

        We reach new customers through a diverse set of marketing channels including paid search, online display advertising, print advertising, tradeshows, email marketing, direct mail, affiliate marketing, public relations, social media and partnerships. Marketing activities aim to raise awareness of our brands and attract paying users to our websites by promoting the key value propositions of our offerings: diverse and high qualityhigh-quality content, intuitive and efficient interfaces and market-leading value.

        In addition to generating more revenue, the resources we devote to marketing help us generate more earnings for our contributors. This helps attract more content, which in turn helps us convert and retain even more paying users. Furthermore, the high degree of satisfaction that users have with our product drives word of mouth recommendations, which helps our marketing efforts attract an even broader audience than we reach directly. In these ways, we believe our marketing efforts have a self-reinforcing effect which powers the growth and success of our marketplace.

Sales and Customer Support

        The significant majority of our revenue is generated via self-serve ecommerce. We encourage our users to take advantage of the comprehensive search capabilities of our websites, our credit-card-basedcredit card-based payment options and the immediate digital delivery of licensed images. We believe the ability to search for, select, license and download content over the internet offers our users convenience and speed, and enables us to achieve greater economies of scale.

        Direct communication with our customers, however, remains a significant component of our customer support and sales strategy. Our customer support and sales team, which is headquartered in New York City, is available to assist users via email and by phone in ten10 languages. In addition to handling inbound customer support and sales inquiries, we also reach out proactively to potential high volume customers and


Table of Contents

offer them custom accounts to meet their needs. Outbound sales activities currently contribute a small but growing percentage of Shutterstock's overall revenue.

Product Rights and Intellectual Property

        Product Rights and Indemnification.    All of the images that Shutterstock makes available to users are offered under a royalty-free license. This means that once a customer has purchased an image license, that customer can use the associated image in accordance with the license terms in perpetuity without having to pay any ongoing royalties. ThisTypically, the image license is non-exclusive, meaning that multiple customers can license the same image. Furthermore, we do not require that contributors of content to our sites provide their content to us on an exclusive basis.


Table of Contents

        Shutterstock represents to itsour users that unaltered images downloaded and used in compliance with our websites' terms of service and applicable law will not infringe any copyright, trademark or other intellectual property right, nor will such unaltered images violate any third parties' rights of privacy or publicity, violate any U.S. law, be defamatory or libelous, or be pornographic or obscene. Furthermore, provided that a user has not breached Shutterstock's license agreement, Shutterstock agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold users harmless from liability for damages up to $10,000 per user. We also offer some of our customers custom contracts with either largergreater indemnification amounts or unlimited indemnification. Such indemnification applies only to claims for damages directly attributable to Shutterstock's breach of the foregoing representations, and includes expenses arising out of any actual or threatened lawsuit, claim, or legal proceeding alleging that the possession, distribution, or use of images downloaded and used by users pursuant to our terms of service violate Shutterstock's representations. To date, Shutterstock has not incurred any material financial costs as a result of this indemnification. Since 2009, we have received approximately 3035 customer claims for indemnification, and following investigation of such claims, lessfewer than one-third resulted in our making a cash payment to settle such intellectual property disputes. Aggregate amounts paid to date to settle customer indemnification claims have not been material. No claims for indemnification have been asserted by any customer with unlimited indemnification protection. We maintain commercially reasonable insurance to protect against the costs of intellectual property litigation.

        Intellectual Property.    We protect our intellectual property through a combination of patents, trademarks and domain name registrations, copyrights and trade secrets.

        We own numerous trademarks that are important to our business. OurShutterstock, Offset, Skillfeed, Bigstock and Big Stock Photo are trademarks registeredor logos appearing in this prospectus and are the United States and several other jurisdictions include: "Shutterstock," "Bigstock," and theproperty of Shutterstock, logo.Inc. or one of our subsidiaries. We will pursue additional trademark registrations to the extent that we create any additional registrable trademarks or logos. We are the registered holder of a variety of domestic and international domain names that include "Shutterstock," "Bigstock""Bigstock," "Offset," "Skillfeed," and multiple variations thereof. We have successfully recovered infringing domain names in the past and will continue to enforce our rights in the future.

        In addition to the protection provided by our intellectual property rights, we enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements with our employees, consultants, contractors, and vendors. Our employees and certain contractors are also subject to nondisclosure agreements containing an intellectual property assignment provision. In this way, we have historically chosen to protect our software and other technological intellectual property as trade secrets. We further control the use of our proprietary technology and intellectual property through provisions in our websites' terms of use.

Competition

        The market for commercial digital imagery is highly competitive. We believe that the principal competitive factors are:


Table of Contents


Table of Contents

        Some of our current and potential significant competitors include:

        Lastly, we compete with the individuals who create theiralternative of creating one's own imagery or dochoosing not to consume licensed images because it is too expensive or because they areone is not aware of how to do so.

Government Regulation

        The legal environment of the internet is evolving rapidly in the United States and elsewhere. The development of new laws and regulations, the manner in which existing laws and regulations will be applied to the internet in general, and how theythe foregoing will relate to our business in particular, is unclear in many cases. For example, we often cannot be certainthere is uncertainty regarding how existing laws and regulations will apply in the online context and to different business models, including with respect to such topics as privacy, data management and protection, defamation, ecommerce, pricing, credit card fraud, advertising, taxation, sweepstakes, promotions, subscription-based billing, content regulation, quality of products and services, outsourcing, and intellectual property ownership and infringement.infringement, among others.

        Numerous laws have been adopted at the national and state level in the United States that could have an impact on online commerce generally and on our business. These laws include, for example, the following:


Table of online services to collect user information from minors. In addition, Contents

        To resolve someGiven the broad spectrum of the remaining legal uncertainty,and regulatory uncertainties, we expect new laws and regulations to be adopted over time that willare likely to be directly applicable to the internet and to our activities. Any existing or new legislation applicable to Shutterstock could expose us to substantial liability, including significant expenses necessary to comply with such laws and regulations, to respond to regulatory inquiries or investigations, and to defend individual or class litigation. These events could dampen growth in the use of the internet in general.general, and cause Shutterstock to divert significant resources and funds to addressing these issues, and possibly require us to change our business practices.

        We post our privacy policies and practices concerning the use and disclosure of user data on our websites. Any failure by uswebsites concerning our data collection and use practices. Allegations that our policy disclosures are inadequate or that we have failed to comply with our posted privacy policies, or otherwise violated Federal Trade Commission


Table of Contents

requirements or other privacy-related laws and regulations, could result in proceedings by governmental or regulatory bodies or private parties that could potentially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, there is a risk that privacy and data protection laws may be interpreted and applied differently in certain jurisdictions, in ways that are not consistent with our current practices, which could also potentially harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In this regard, there are a large number of legislative and regulatory proposals before the United States Congress, and various state legislative bodies, and government agencies regarding privacy and other consumer issues related tothat may affect our business. It is not possible to predict whether or when such legislationrules and regulations may be adopted, and certain proposals, if adopted, could harm our business through a decrease inby, among other things, decreasing user registrations and revenues.revenue, increasing the cost of compliance, impeding the development of new products or services, and limiting potential sources of revenue such as online advertising. These decreases could be caused by, among other possible provisions, the required display of specific disclaimers, requirements to obtain consent from users for certain activities, or other requirements before users can utilize our services. In addition, we may be subject to claims of liability or responsibility for the actions of third parties with whom we interact or upon whom we rely in relation to various services, including but not limited to vendors and business partners. These third parties may be vulnerable to threats such as computer hacking, cyber-terrorism or other unauthorized attempts to access, modify or delete our or our customers' information or business assets that they service or maintain on our behalf.

        In addition, various non-U.S. jurisdictions impose laws and regulations regarding a broad spectrum of privacy, data management and other matters related to online businesses and ecommerce. Non-U.S. laws and regulations are often more restrictive than those in the United States. Due to the global nature of the internet, it is possible that the governments of other states and foreign countries might attempt to regulate our online activities such as digital transmissions, or to prosecute us for alleged violations of their laws. We might unintentionally violate such laws,laws; such laws or their interpretation or application may be modifiedmodified; and new laws may be enacted in the future. Any such developments could harm our business, operating results and financial condition. We may be subject to legal liability for our online services. The law relating to the liability of providers of online services for activities of their users is currently unsettled both within the United States and abroad. Claims may also be threatened against us for aiding and abetting, defamation, negligence, copyright or trademark infringement, or other reasons based on the nature and


Table of Contents

content of information that we collect or use, or to or from which we provide links or that may be posted online.

Legal Proceedings

        Although we are not currently a party to any material litigation, from time to time, third parties assert claims against us regarding intellectual property rights, invasion of privacy and matters arising out of the ordinary course of business. Although we cannot be certain of the outcome of any litigation or the disposition of any claims, nor the amount of damages and exposure that we could incur, we currently believe that the final disposition of such matters will not have a material effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. In addition, in the ordinary course of our business, we are also subject to periodic threats of lawsuits, investigations and claims. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Employees

        As of June 30, 2012,2013, we employed 224295 full-time employees, including 8487 engaged in research andproduct development, 92104 engaged in sales, marketing and support, 1663 engaged in content operations, and 3242 engaged in general and administrative functions. Of these employees, 219275 were located in the United States, primarily in New York, New York. In addition to our full-time employees, we also employ the services of a number of contractors, including 3561 contractors focused on content review as of June 30, 2012.2013. Of these contractors, 2029 contractors were located in the United States, and 1532 were located outside of the United States, primarily in Canada and Europe. None of our employees is represented by a labor union, and we consider our company culture and employee relations to be strong.

Facilities

        In November 2008, we entered into a lease effective through November 2013 for approximately 12,000 square feet of office space in New York City to house our principal offices. In November 2010, we entered into a sublease effective through June 2015 for an additional 12,000 square feet of office space in the same building. In March 2012, we amended our lease to add 7,800 square feet of space in the same building, effective through November 2013.

        On March 21, 2013, we entered into an agreement to lease new office facilities in New York City for approximately 78,000 square feet. The lease commenced in August 2013, has a lease term of eleven years and contains aggregate future minimum lease payments of approximately $42.2 million. The Company also entered into a letter of credit of $1.8 million as a security deposit for the leased facilities. The letter of credit was collateralized by $1.8 million of cash as of June 30, 2013, and, as such, is reported as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet.

We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional or alternative space will be available on commercially reasonable terms to meet our future needs.


Table of Contents


MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers and Directors

        The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date hereof:

Name
 Age Position(s)

Jonathan Oringer

  3839 Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board

Thilo Semmelbauer

  4647 President and Chief Operating Officer

Timothy E. Bixby

  4748 Chief Financial Officer

James Chou

  5152 Chief Technology Officer

Steven Berns(1)(2)

  48 Director

Jeff Epstein(1)(3)

  5657 Director

Thomas R. Evans(1)(2)(3)

  5859 Director

Jeffrey Lieberman

  3839 Director

Jonathan Miller(2)(3)

  5556 Director

(1)
Member of Audit Committee

(2)
Member of Compensation Committee

(3)
Member of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

Executive Officers

        Jonathan Oringer has served as our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Boardour board of directions since founding the company in 2003. Prior to founding Shutterstock, Mr. Oringer served as a director of several private companies. Mr. Oringer holds a B.S. in computer science and mathematics from State University of New York at Stony Brook and an M.S. in computer science from Columbia University. The board of directors believes that Mr. Oringer's experience in the commercial digital imagery industry, his experience with entrepreneurial and technology companies and his extensive knowledge of our company as its founder qualify him to serve as chairman of our board of directors.

        Thilo Semmelbauer has served as our President and Chief Operating Officer since April 2010. Prior to joining Shutterstock, Mr. Semmelbauer served as Executive Vice President of TheLadders.com, Inc., a career management company, from June 2009 to March 2010. Prior to TheLadders, Mr. Semmelbauer was with Weight Watchers International for 8eight years, serving as Global Chief Operating Officer from December 2006 to July 2008, Chief Operating Officer, North America, from March 2004 to December 2006, and Co-Founder and President of WeightWatchers.com from February 2000 to March 2004. Prior to Weight Watchers, Mr. Semmelbauer served as a Principal at The Boston Consulting Group. Mr. Semmelbauer holds an A.B. in engineering and computer science from Dartmouth College and a Master of Science in management and electrical engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

        Timothy E. Bixby has served as our Chief Financial Officer since June 2011. Prior to joining Shutterstock, Mr. Bixby served as the Chief Financial Officer and a director of LivePerson, Inc., a provider of hosted software products that facilitate real-time sales and customer service, from June 1999 to May 2011, and as President of LivePerson from March 2001 to May 2011. Prior to LivePerson, Mr. Bixby served as Vice President of Finance for Universal Music & Video Distribution Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of recorded music and video products. Mr. Bixby holds an A.B. in mathematics from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. from Harvard University.

        James Chou has served as our Chief Technology Officer since February 2011. Prior to joining Shutterstock, Mr. Chou served as Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of American


Table of Contents

Greetings Interactive, the interactive media division of American Greetings Corporation, from November


Table of Contents

2008 to September 2010. Prior to American Greetings, Mr. Chou was Executive Vice President, Technology, at Apani Networks, a provider of internet security software, from June 2004 to October 2008. Mr. Chou has also held positions at Apple, Inc., JP Morgan Chase & Co., and Accenture Plc. Mr. Chou holds a B.S. in electrical engineering from State University of New York at Buffalo and an M.B.A. from Duke University.

Directors

        Steven Berns has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2012. Since May 2009,June 2013, Mr. Berns has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Tribune Company. From February 2010 to June 2013, Mr. Berns served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Revlon, Inc., and he served as its Treasurer from May 2009 to February 2010. Mr. Berns previously served as Chief Financial Officer of Tradeweb, LLC from November 2007 to May 2009. From November 2005 until July 2007, Mr. Berns served as President, Chief Financial Officer and Director of MDC Partners Inc, and from September 2004 to November 2005, Mr. Berns served as its Vice Chairman and Executive Vice President. Prior to that, Mr. Berns was the Senior Vice President and Treasurer of The Interpublic Group of Companies, Inc. from August 1999 until September 2004. Before that, Mr. Berns held a variety of positions in finance with Revlon, Inc. from April 1992 until August 1999. Prior to joining Revlon, Inc., Mr. Berns worked at Paramount Communications Inc. and at a predecessor public accounting firm of Deloitte & Touche. Mr. Berns formerly served as a director of LivePerson, Inc. Mr. Berns holds a B.S. from Lehigh University and an M.B.A. from New York University and is a Certified Public Accountant. The board of directorsBoard believes that Mr. Berns' financial and business expertise, including his background as a senior executive at one of the world's largest advertising holding companies, chief financial officer of several corporations, and his service on the boards of directors and audit committees of public companies, qualifies him to serve as a member of our board of directors.

        Jeff Epstein has served as a member of our board of directors since MarchApril 2012. Mr. Epstein is an Operating Partner at Bessemer Venture Partners, which he joined in November 2011, and is a Senior Advisor at Oak Hill Capital Partners, which he joined in August 2011. Mr. Epstein has served as a director of priceline.com since April 2003.2003 and of Global Eagle Entertainment since January 2013. Mr. Epstein was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Oracle Corporation an enterprise software company, from September 2008 to April 2011. From June 2007 to October 2008, Mr. Epstein served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officerwas a director of Oberon Media,MDC Partners Inc., from April 2007 to June 2008. From June 2005 until its sale in March 2007, Mr. Epstein was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of ADVO, Inc.Oberon Media from April 2007 to June 2008. Mr. Epstein is currently a memberdirector of the AuditKaiser Foundation Hospitals and Compliance Committee of the Stanford University Hospital and a member of the Management Board of the Stanford University Graduate School of Business. Mr. Epstein is a Senior Advisor at Oak Hill Capital Partners and an Executive in Residence at Bessemer Venture Partners.Health Plan. Mr. Epstein holds a B.A. from Yale University and an M.B.A. from Stanford University. The board of directors believes that Mr. Epstein's financial and business expertise, including his background as chief financial officer of the world's largest enterprise software company, and his service as a senior executive at companies in the internet and advertising industries, qualifies him to serve as a member of our board of directors.

        Thomas R. Evans has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2012. Mr. Evans has served as President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of Bankrate, Inc. since 2004. From August 1999 to August 2003, Mr. Evans served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Official Payments Corp., specializing in processing consumer credit card payments for government taxes, fees and fines. From 1998 to 1999, Mr. Evans was President and Chief Executive Officer of GeoCities Inc., a community of personal websites. From 1991 to 1998, Mr. Evans was President and Publisher ofU.S. News & World Report. In addition to his duties atU.S. News & World Report, Mr. Evans served as President ofThe Atlantic Monthly (1996-1998) and as President and Publisher ofFast Company (1995-1998), a magazine launched in 1995. Mr. Evans also serves as a director of Future Fuel Corp. and previously served as a director of Navisite, Inc. Mr. Evans holds a B.S. in business administration from Arizona State University. The board of directors believes that Mr. Evans' business experience, particularly as a senior executive in the internet


Table of Contents

and media industries, and his service on the board of directors of public companies, qualifies him to serve as a member of our board of directors.


Table of Contents

        Jeffrey Lieberman has served as a member of our board of directors since June 2007. Mr. Lieberman is a Managing Director of the venture capital firm Insight Venture Partners, or Insight, where he has been employed since June 1998. Prior to joining Insight, Mr. Lieberman was a management consultant at the New York office of McKinsey & Company, where he focused on strategic and operating issues in the financial services, technology and consumer products industries. Mr. Lieberman also serves as a director of several private companies. Mr. Lieberman holds a BAS in systems engineering and in BA in economics from the Engineering School and Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania respectively. The board of directors believes that Mr. Lieberman's experience with digital media, entertainment and online technology companies, his extensive knowledge of our company as one of our original investors, and his service on the board of directors of other companies qualifies him to serve as a member of our board of directors.

        Jonathan Miller has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2012. Mr. Miller served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Digital Media Group at News Corp. and was its Chief Digital Officer from April 2009 to September 2012. Mr. Miller was the Founder and Partner at Velocity Interactive Group, an investment firm focusing on internet and digital media, from its inception in February 2007 to April 2009. Prior to founding Velocity, Mr. Miller served as the Chief Executive Officer of America Online, Inc., or AOL. Prior to joining AOL, Mr. Miller served as Chief Executive Officer and President of USA Information and Services. Mr. Miller previously served as a director of LiveNation Entertainment, Inc. and Ticketmaster prior to its merger with LiveNation. Mr. Miller is a trustee of the American Film Institute and The Paley Center for Media. Mr. Miller holds a B.A. from Harvard College. The board of directors believes that Mr. Miller's business expertise, particularly as a senior executive at some of the largest digital media companies in the world, and his service on the boards of directors of various public companies, qualifies him to serve as a member of our board of directors.

Board of Directors

        Our board of directors currently consists of six members. Our bylaws permit our board of directors to establish by resolution the authorized number of directors, and six directors are currently authorized.

        In accordance with our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, to be filed in connection with this offering, immediately after this offering, our board of directors will beis divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. At each annual meeting of stockholders, the successors to directors whose terms have expired will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following election. Our directors will beare divided among the three classes as follows:

        The division of our board of directors into three classes with staggered three-year terms may delay or prevent a change of our management or a change in control.

Director Independence

        Upon completion of this offering, ourOur common stock will beis listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE. Under the rules of the NYSE, independent directors must comprise a majority of a listed company's board of directors within a specified perioddirectors. In


Table of the completion of this offering. In Contents

addition, the rules of the NYSE require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company's audit, compensation and nominating and governance committees be independent. Audit committee members


Table of Contents

must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Under the rules of the NYSE, a director will only qualify as an "independent director" if, in the opinion of that company's board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

        In order to be considered to be independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors or any other board committee: (1) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries; or (2) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

        Our board of directors has undertaken a review of its composition, the composition of its committees and the independence of each director. Based upon information requested from and provided by each director concerning his background, employment and affiliations, including family relationships, our board of directors has determined that each of Messrs. Berns, Epstein, Evans, Lieberman and Miller, representing five of our six directors, do not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director and that each of these directors is "independent" as that term is defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing requirements and rules of the NYSE.

        Our board of directors also determined that Messrs. Berns, Evans and Epstein who comprise our audit committee, Messrs. Berns, Evans and Miller who comprise our compensation committee and Messrs. Epstein, Evans and Miller who comprise our nominating and corporate governance committee, satisfy the independence standards for those committees established by applicable SEC rules and the rules of the NYSE. In making this determination, our board of directors considered the relationships that each non-employee director has with our company and all other facts and circumstances our board of directors deemed relevant in determining their independence, including the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by each non-employee director.

Committees of the Board of Directors

        Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee, each of which has the composition and responsibilities described below.

Audit Committee

        Our audit committee is comprised of Messrs. Berns, Evans and Epstein, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Mr. Berns is our audit committee chairman and is our audit committee financial expert, as currently defined under the SEC rules. Our board of directors has adopted a charter for our audit committee, which will beis available on our website upon consummation of this offering.website. Our audit committee assists our board in its oversight of our corporate accounting and financial reporting process and internal controls over financial reporting. Our audit committee evaluates the independent registered public accounting firm's qualifications, independence and performance; appoints and provides for the compensation of the independent registered public accounting firm; approves the retention of the independent registered public accounting firm to perform any proposed permissible professional services; meets with management and the independent auditor to discuss our annual financial statements; instructs the independent auditor to report to the audit committee on all of our critical accounting policies; reviews and discusses with management and the independent auditor management's report on internal control over financial reporting, and the independent auditor's audit of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial


Table of Contents

reporting; and discusses with management and the independent auditor the results of our annual audits and the reviews of our quarterly financial statements.


Table of Contents

Compensation Committee

        Our compensation committee is comprised of Messrs. Berns, Evans and Miller each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Mr. Evans is our compensation committee chairman. Our board of directors has adopted a charter for our compensation committee, which will beis available on our website upon consummation of this offering.website. Our compensation committee establishes and reviews policies and practices relating to the compensation and benefits of our officers, including establishing goals and objectives relevant to compensation of our chief executive officer and other senior officers, evaluating the performance of these officers in light of those goals and objectives and determining compensation of these officers based on such evaluations. The compensation committee also administers the issuance of stock options and other awards under our stock plans.

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

        Our nominating and corporate governance committee is comprised of Messrs. Evans, Epstein and Miller, each of whom is a non-employee member of our board of directors. Mr. Miller is the chairman of our nominating and corporate governance committee. Our board of directors has adopted a charter for our nominating and governance committee, which will beis available on our website upon consummation of this offering.website. Our nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for making recommendations regarding candidates for directorships and the composition of our board. Our nominating and governance committee is also responsible for reviewing with the board, on an annual basis, the qualifications, attributes and skills of board members, and the skills and characteristics of the board as a whole, in determining whether to recommend incumbent directors in the class subject to election for reelection. In addition, the nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for developing and recommending our corporate governance guidelines.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

        None of the members of our compensation committee is, or has at any time during the past year been, one of our officers or employees. None of our executive officers currently serves or in the past year has served as a member of the board of directors or compensation committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving on our board of directors or compensation committee.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

        We plan to adopthave adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that will applyapplies to all of our employees, including our executive officers and directors, and those employees responsible for financial reporting. The code of business conduct and ethics will beis available on our website at www.shutterstock.com. We expect that, to the extent required by law, any amendments to the code, or any waivers of its requirements, will be disclosed on our website.

Director Compensation

        Prior to January 1, 2012, we did not provide any compensation to non-employee members of our board of directors for service on our board of directors and none of our non-employee directors received any cash or equity compensation during the year ended December 31, 2011. We did, however, reimburse our directors for their expenses incurred in connection with attending board and committee meetings and fulfilling their duties as members of our board of directors.


Table of Contents

        Effective January 1, 2012, our non-employee directors are entitled to the following compensation:

Annual retainer

 $15,000

Annual retainer for board committee chairperson

  

Audit committee

 $10,000

Compensation committee

 $5,000

Attendance fee per board or committee meeting

 $1,000

Equity award for new directors(1)

 20,000 units/shares

(1)
Initial equity awards for new directors are granted with an exercise price equal to or greater than the fair market value on the date of grant and are subject to vesting over a period of four years, with one fourth of these awards vesting one year after grant date, and the remaining three fourths vesting in equal annual installments.quarterly installments over the subsequent three year period. Prior to ourthe Reorganization, these equity awards were made in the form of VARs and, subsequent to ourthe Reorganization, they have been made, and will continue to be made, in the form of stock options.

        None of our directors received equity awards in the year ended December 31, 2011. However, VAR awards of 20,000 notional VAR units were granted to each of Messrs. Berns, Evans and Miller on March 15, 2012 and to Mr. Epstein on April 4, 2012, in each case with an exercise price of $17.50.

        Upon completion of this offering, directors will be entitled to equity awards pursuant to our 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. See "Executive Compensation—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans—2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan."

In addition, we will continue to reimburse our non-employee directors for reasonable travel expenses and other out-of-pocket costs incurred in connection with attending board and committee meetings and fulfilling their duties as members of our board of directors.

        The following table sets forth the compensation received by each director (other than Jonathan Oringer, whose compensation is set forth under "Executive Compensation—Summary Compensation Table" below) during fiscal year 2012:

Name
 Fees Earned
or Paid in
Cash ($)(1)
 Stock
Awards
($)
 Option
Awards
($)(2)
 Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
 Change in
Pension Value
and Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
($)
 All Other
Compensation
($)
 Total
($)
 

Steven Berns

 $36,317   $152,160       $188,477 

Jeff Epstein

 $26,489   $151,572       $178,061 

Thomas R. Evans

 $31,167   $152,160       $183,327 

Jeffrey Lieberman(3)

               

Jonathan Miller

 $21,125   $152,160       $173,285 

(1)
Represents cash portion of annualized independent director retainer and meeting attendance fees and fees paid to committee chairpersons.

(2)
On March 15, 2012, Messrs. Berns, Evans, and Miller were granted 20,000 notional VAR units at an exercise price of $17.50 which subsequent to the Reorganization converted to stock options. We determined the grant date fair value of each award to be $152,160. On April 4, 2012, Mr. Epstein was granted 20,000 notional VAR units at an exercise price of $17.50 which subsequent to the Reorganization converted to stock options. We determined the grant date fair value of his award to be $151,572.

(3)
Given Mr. Lieberman's affiliation with the Company's affiliate Insight Venture Partners, he receives no compensation as a director.

Table of Contents


EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

2011 Summary Compensation Table

        The following table sets forth information regarding the compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to each of our executive officers during the yearfiscal years ended December 31, 2011.2011 and December 31, 2012. As an emerging growth company, we have opted to comply with the executive compensation disclosure rules applicable to "smaller reporting companies" as such term is defined in the rules promulgated under the Securities Act, which require compensation disclosure for our principal executive officer and the two most highly compensated executive officers other than our principal executive officer. We have voluntarily decided to also include compensation disclosure for our President and Chief FinancialOperating Officer. Throughout this prospectus, these four officers are referred to as our named executive officers.

Name and Principal Position
 Year Salary
($)
 Bonus
($)
 Stock
Awards
($)
 Option
Awards
($)
 Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
(1)
 Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation
Earnings
($)
 All Other
Compensation
($)(2)
 Total
($)
 

Jonathan Oringer,
Chief Executive Officer

  2012 $250,000             $250,000 

  2011 $250,000             $250,000 

Thilo Semmelbauer,
President and Chief Operating Officer

  2012 $331,250       $249,375   $9,938 $590,563 

  2011 $312,115       $200,000   $9,363 $521,478 

Timothy E. Bixby,
Chief Financial Officer(3)

  2012 $330,770     $565,185 $248,187   $9,923 $1,154,065 

  2011 $172,500      (3)$105,000   $4,312 $281,812 

James Chou,
Chief Technology Officer(4)

  2012 $267,215     $408,724 $96,000   $8,016 $779,955 

  2011 $226,000      (4)$85,000   $6,780 $317,780 

Name and Principal Position
 Salary
($)
 Bonus
($)
 Stock
Awards
($)
 Option
Awards
($)
 Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
(1)
 Nonqualified
Deferred
Compensation Earnings
($)
 All Other Compensation ($)(2) Total
($)
 

Jonathan Oringer,
Chief Executive Officer

 $250,000             $250,000 

Thilo Semmelbauer,
President and Chief Operating Officer

 $312,115       $200,000   $9,363 $521,478 

James Chou,
Chief Technology Officer(3)

 $226,000      (3) $85,000   $6,780 $317,780 

Timothy E. Bixby,
Chief Financial Officer(4)

 $172,500      (4) $105,000   $4,312 $281,812 

(1)
Represents amounts earned pursuant to the Company's Non-Equity Incentive Plan for services in 2011 and 2012, which amounts were paid in 2012.2012 and 2013, respectively. All of our executive officers, other than our Chief Executive Officer, are eligible to receive cash bonuses under our annual cash bonus plan, which individual bonus amounts are based on a formula determined by taking each person's actual earned compensation, multiplied by a target bonus percentage, multiplied by an individual score, multiplied by the company-wide score, with discretion for rounding. TheFor 2011, the amounts for Mr. Semmelbauer, Mr. Chou and Mr. Bixby in the table above reflect target payouts at 67.0%, 40.0% and 61.5%, respectively, with such amounts for Mr. Chou and Mr. Bixby prorated for 2011 based on their respective employment start dates. For 2012, the amounts for Mr. Semmelbauer, Mr. Bixby and Mr. Chou in the table are calculated based on target bonus percentages of 71%, 68% and 40%, respectively. See "Non-Equity Incentive Plan" for a further description of this plan.

(2)
Comprised of company match of 401(k) plan contributions for 2011 and 2012, which amounts were paid in 2012 and 2013, respectively.

(3)
Mr. Bixby's employment with Shutterstock began on June 13, 2011. Mr. Bixby received two VAR Awards during fiscal year 2011, for which the grant date fair value is $1,556,800; however, because the right to exercise the award is subject to the occurrence of a change of control, no compensation charge was recorded prior to the Reorganization. Effective as of the Reorganization, the VAR Awards were converted to options under the 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. As a result, the Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense in the amount of $309,020 on the date of the Reorganization and an additional non-cash stock-based compensation expense in the amount of $256,165 for the period from the Reorganization through December 31, 2012.

(3)(4)
Mr. Chou's employment with Shutterstock began on February 11, 2011. As noted in the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End table below, Mr. Chou received two VAR Awards during fiscal year 2011, for which the grant date fair value is $847,500; however, because the right to exercise the award is subject to the occurrence of a change of control, no compensation charge has beenwas recorded prior to date.

(4)
Mr. Bixby's employment with Shutterstock began on June 13, 2011.the Reorganization. Effective as of the Reorganization, the VAR Awards were converted to options under the 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan. As noteda result, the Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense in the Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End table below, Mr. Bixby received two VAR Awards during fiscal year 2011,amount of $229,977 on the date of the Reorganization and an additional non-cash stock-based compensation expense in the amount of $178,747 for which the grant date fair value is $1,556,800; however, becauseperiod from the right to exercise the award is subject to the occurrence of a change of control, no compensation charge has been recorded to date.Reorganization through December 31, 2012.

Table of Contents

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

        The following table shows all outstanding equity awards held by each of our named executive officers at December 31, 2011.2012.

 
 Option Awards Stock Awards 
Name
 Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)
Exercisable
 Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)(1)
Unexercisable
 Equity
Incentive Plan
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
(#)
 Option
Exercise
Price
($)
 Option
Expiration
Date
 Number
of
Shares
or Units
of Stock
That
Have
Not
Vested
(#)
 Market
Value of
Shares
or Units
of Stock
That
Have
Not
Vested
($)
 Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Number
of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights
That
Have Not
Vested
(#)
 Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Market or
Payout
Value of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights That
Have Not
Vested
($)
 

Jonathan Oringer

                   

Thilo Semmelbauer(1)

            124,731 $3,243,028     

Timothy E. Bixby(2)

  95,625  159,375  159,375 $15.00  3/31/2021         

  12,500  37,500  37,500 $17.00  3/31/2021             

James Chou(3)

  37,500  62,500  62,500 $14.17  3/31/2021         

  12,500  37,500  37,500 $17.00  3/31/2021             

 
 Option Awards Stock Awards 
Name
 Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#)
Exercisable
 Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Options
(#) (1)
Unexercisable
 Equity
Incentive Plan
Awards:
Number of
Securities
Underlying
Unexercised
Unearned
Options
(#)
 Option
Exercise
Price
($)
 Option
Expiration
Date
 Number
of
Shares
or Units
of Stock
That
Have
Not
Vested
(#)
 Market
Value of
Shares
or Units
of Stock
That
Have
Not
Vested
($)
 Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Number
of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights
That
Have Not
Vested
(#)
 Equity
Incentive
Plan
Awards:
Market or
Payout
Value of
Unearned
Shares,
Units or
Other
Rights That
Have Not
Vested
($)
 

Jonathan Oringer

                   

Thilo Semmelbauer(2)

                   

James Chou(3)

    100,000  100,000 $14.17  3/31/2021         

     50,000  50,000 $17.00  3/31/2021             

Timothy E. Bixby(4)

    255,000  255,000 $15.00  3/31/2021         

     50,000  50,000 $17.00  3/31/2021             

(1)
All of the awards of Value Appreciation Rights (VARs) have a time-based vesting schedule, but are generally only exercisable upon the occurrence of a change of control. For purposes of the VARs, "change of control" generally means the consummation of any transaction or series of related transactions, pursuant to which any person or group acquires: (a) directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the membership interests of the LLC or (b) directly or indirectly, all or substantially all of the assets of the LLC and its subsidiaries; provided that, a change of control shall not be deemed to occur if the acquiror of the membership interests or assets referred to in (a) and (b) is an affiliate of the LLC. In the event an individual is terminated other than for cause and executes a release of claims, the vested VARs as of such date remain outstanding until the occurrence of a change of control; provided that the LLC has the right, in its sole discretion, to repurchase the vested VARs at any time prior to the change of control. In connection with the Reorganization, the VARs will be converted to options issued under the 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan with similar rights and terms as the original VARs except that the exercisability of the options will not be limited to the occurrence of a change of control. See "Reorganization."

(2)
Mr. Semmelbauer received a 4% profits interest in the Company on August 17, 2010. The profits interest entitles him to an aggregate amount of 4% of any liquidation of the Company in excess of $300 million, subject to subsequent equity grants that may reduce this amount. The profits interest vests as to one-sixth of these units on April 5, 2011,In connection with the remaining five-sixths vesting in equal quarterly installments over the subsequent five year period. As a result of the Reorganization, the vested portion of Mr. Semmelbauer's profits interest will bewas exchanged for shares of our common stock and the unvested portion of Mr. Semmelbauer's profits interest will bewas exchanged for 228,079 shares of restricted stock. Subject to Mr. Semmelbauer's continued employment through each vesting date, pursuant to his Restricted Stock Agreement, the shares of restricted stock having the same vesting terms. Upon the consummation of this offering, 50%vest as to1/14 of the unvested portionrestricted shares on January 5, 2013 and1/14 of Mr. Semmelbauer's profits interestthe restricted shares each calendar quarter thereafter, such that all the restricted shares are vested and released from the Company's right to acquire such restricted shares as of April 5, 2016. Vesting accelerated as to 103,348 shares upon the effectiveness on October 10, 2012 of the registration statement filed in connection with our initial public offering (the "Acceleration Date"), and the remaining restricted shares will vest.vest ratably over the remaining quarterly vesting dates between the Acceleration Date and April 5, 2016.

(3)(2)
Mr. ChouBixby received a grant of 100,000255,000 unvested Value Appreciation RightVAR units on April 1, 2011 with one-fourth of these units vesting one year after grant date, and the remaining three-fourths vesting in equal quarterly installments over the subsequent 3 year period. Mr. Chou also received a grant of 50,000 unvested Value Appreciation Right units on December 20,June 13, 2011, with one-sixth of these units vesting one year after the grant date and the remaining five-sixths vesting in equal quarterly installments over the subsequent five year period.

(4)
Mr. Bixby received a grant of 255,000 unvested Value Appreciation Right units on June 13, 2011 with one-sixth of these units vesting one year after grant date, and the remaining five-sixths vesting in equal quarterly installments over the subsequent 5 year period. Mr. Bixby also received a grant of 50,000 unvested Value Appreciation RightVAR units on December 20, 2011 with one-sixth of the units vesting one year after grant date, and the remaining five-sixths vesting in equal quarterly installments over the subsequent five year period. As a result of the Reorganization, the VARs held by Mr. Bixby were exchanged for options to purchase our common stock issued under the 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan having similar rights and terms as the original VARs, except that the exercisability of the options will not be limited to the occurrence of a change of control.

(3)
Mr. Chou received a grant of 100,000 VAR units on April 1, 2011 with one-fourth of these units vesting one year after the grant date, and the remaining three-fourths vesting in equal quarterly installments over the subsequent three year period. Mr. Chou also received a grant of 50,000 unvested VAR units on December 20, 2011 with one-sixth of these units vesting one year after the grant date, and the remaining five-sixths vesting in equal quarterly installments over the subsequent five year period. As a result of the Reorganization, the VARs held by Mr. Chou were exchanged for options to purchase our common stock issued under the 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan having similar rights and terms as the original VARs, except that the exercisability of the options will not be limited to the occurrence of a change of control.

        We have not made any grants of Value Appreciation Rights to our named executive officers subsequent to December 31, 2011.


Table of Contents

Option Exercises

        There were no option exercises by any of our named executive officers during the year ended December 31, 2011.2012.

Pension Benefits

        None of our named executive officers participate in or have account balances in qualified or non-qualified defined benefit plans sponsored by us.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

        We did not maintain any nonqualified defined contribution or deferred compensation plans or arrangements for our named executive officers.

Agreements with Executive Officers

        Each of our named executive officers and all of our employees are subject to certain obligations relating to non-competition, non-solicitation, proprietary information and assignment of inventions.


Table of Contents

Pursuant to these obligations, each named executive officer has agreed (i) not to solicit our employees or customers during his employment and for a period of 12 months (24 months with respect to employees and 36 months with respect to customers for Mr. Semmelbauer) after the termination of his employment or such other period as set forth below under "—Employment Agreements," or "—Severance and Change in Control Agreements," as applicable, (ii) not to compete with us or assist any other person to compete with us during his employment and a period of 12 months (36 months for Mr. Semmelbauer) after the termination of his employment or such other period as set forth below under "—Employment Agreements," or "—Severance and Change in Control Agreements," as applicable, and (iii) to protect our confidential and proprietary information and to assign to us intellectual property developed during the course of his employment. As a condition of employment with the company, all employees are required to enter an agreement providing for the foregoing obligations.

Employment Agreements

        The following is a summary of the employment agreements with our named executive officers as currently in effect. As described below under "—Severance and Change in Control Agreements," our board of directors has approved severance and change in control agreements for each of our named executive officers which, where applicable, supersede and replace the terms of officers' prior employment agreements with respect to severance and change in control payments.

        Jonathan Oringer.    We entered into an employment agreement with Jonathan Oringer, our Chief Executive Officer, on September 24, 2012. The employment agreement has no specific term and constitutes at-will employment. Mr. Oringer's current annual base salary is $250,000. Mr. Oringer is also eligible to receive benefits that are substantially similar to those of the other executive officers of the Company. Mr. Oringer is not currently eligible for an annual cash bonus, but we may provide him with an annual cash bonus in the future. Mr. Oringer is subject to certain restrictive covenants as set forth in his CIC Agreement, as discussed below under "—Severance and Change in Control Agreements."

        Thilo Semmelbauer.    We entered into an employment agreement with Thilo Semmelbauer, our President and Chief Operating Officer, on March 21, 2010. The employment agreement has no specific term and constitutes at-will employment. Mr. Semmelbauer's current annual base salary is $350,000 and he is eligible for an annual cash bonus based upon achievement of performance-based objectives established by the board of directors. Mr. Semmelbauer is also eligible to receive benefits that are substantially similar to those of the other executive officers of the Company. Mr. Semmelbauer is subject to certain restrictive covenants, including non-solicitation of employees for a period 2two years following termination of his employment and non-solicitation of customers and non-competition for a period of 3three years following termination of his employment.


Table        Tim Bixby.    We entered into an employment agreement with Tim Bixby, our Chief Financial Officer, on May 16, 2011. The employment agreement has no specific term and constitutes at-will employment. Mr. Bixby's current annual base salary is $350,000 and he is eligible for an annual cash bonus based upon achievement of Contentsperformance-based objectives established by the board of directors. Mr. Bixby is also eligible to receive benefits that are substantially similar to those of the other executive officers of the Company. Mr. Bixby is subject to certain restrictive covenants, including non-solicitation and non-competition for a period of one year following termination of his employment.

        James Chou.    We entered into an employment agreement with James Chou, our Chief Technology Officer, on September 24, 2012. The employment agreement has no specific term and constitutes at-will employment. Mr. Chou's current annual base salary is $275,000 and he is eligible for an annual cash bonus based upon achievement of performance-based objectives established by the board of directors. Mr. Chou is also eligible to receive benefits that are substantially similar to those of the other executive officers of the Company. Mr. Chou is subject to certain restrictive covenants as set forth in his CIC Agreement, as discussed below under "—Severance and Change in Control Agreements."


        Tim Bixby.    We entered into an employment agreement with Tim Bixby, our Chief Financial Officer, on May 16, 2011. The employment agreement has no specific term and constitutes at-will employment. Mr. Bixby's current annual base salary is $350,000 and he is eligible for an annual cash bonus based upon achievementTable of performance-based objectives established by the board of directors. Mr. Bixby is also eligible to receive benefits that are substantially similar to those of the other executive officers of the Company. Mr. Bixby is subject to certain restrictive covenants, including non-solicitation and non-competition for a period of 1 year following termination of his employment.Contents

Thilo Semmelbauer Profits Interest Grant and Repurchase Agreement

        On August 17, 2010, we entered into a Profits Interest Grant and Repurchase Agreement with Mr. Semmelbauer whereby we issued a profits interest to Mr. Semmelbauer in consideration of future services to be rendered. The agreement entitlesentitled Mr. Semmelbauer to an aggregate amount of 4% of any liquidation of Shutterstock Images LLC, or the LLC, in excess of $300 million, subject to subsequent equity grants that may reducehad reduced this amount. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Mr. Semmelbauer iswas not entitled to any allocations or distributions relating to ourthe LLC's operating profits outside of a liquidation scenario. The profits interest vestsvested as to one-sixth of the interest on April 5, 2011, with the remaining five-sixths vesting in equal quarterly installments over the subsequent five year period, provided that the interest ceaseswould cease to vest on the date that Mr. Semmelbauer ceasesceased to be employed by us. Upon a change of control or qualified public offering, 50% of any unvested portion of Mr. Semmelbauer's profits interest willin the LLC would immediately vest, with the remaining unvested portion converting to restricted stock and continuing to vest in accordance with the vesting schedule outlined above. Accordingly, 50% of the unvested portion of Mr. Semmelbauer's profits interest will vest upon the consummation of this offering. Pursuant toIn connection with the Reorganization, the vested portion of Mr. Semmelbauer's profits interest will bein the LLC was exchanged for shares of our common stock and the unvested portion of Mr. Semmelbauer's profits interest will bein the LLC was exchanged for shares of restricted stock having the same vesting terms. For information regardingEffective as of the numberReorganization, we entered into a Restricted Stock Agreement with Mr. Semmelbauer governing the terms of his restricted stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Restricted Stock Agreement, 103,348 of the then-outstanding shares of commonrestricted stock to be issued to Mr. Semmelbauer in connection with the Reorganization and the number of shares of common stock to be held by Mr. Semmelbauer following this offering, see "Principal Stockholders."vested and were released from our right to acquire such shares on October 10, 2012, upon the effectiveness of the registration statement filed in connection with our initial public offering.

Severance and Change in Control Agreements

        As discussed above, in September 2012, the board of directors approved new severance and change in control agreements, or CIC Agreements, for each of our executive officers, the specific terms of which are discussed below.

        Pursuant to the CIC Agreements, if we terminate an executive's employment with the Company for a reason other than cause (as defined in the CIC Agreements) or executive's death or disability (as defined in the CIC Agreements) at any time other than during the twenty-four month period immediately following a change of control (as defined in the CIC Agreements), then executive will receive the following severance benefits from the company: (i) severance in an amount equal to twelve months of executive's base salary, which will be paid in three equal installments on each of the following dates: (x) executive's termination of employment, (y) the six month anniversary of executive's termination and (z) the one year anniversary of executive's termination of employment (except with respect to Mr. Semmelbauer, in which case the payments will be 50% on termination of employment and 25% on each of the six month and one year anniversaries of his termination of employment); (ii) a lump sum payment of a pro rata bonus at 100% of target for the year in which the termination of employment occurs based on the number of days


Table of Contents

worked relative to 365 days; (iii) reimbursement for premiums paid for coverage pursuant to the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended, or COBRA, for executive and executive's eligible dependents for up to twelve months; (iv) accelerated vesting of the then-unvested portion of all of executive's outstanding equity awards as if executive had remained employed for twelve months following executive's termination of employment; (v) the post-termination exercise period for the outstanding vested options will be extended to 18 months following an executive's termination of employment; (vi) outplacement benefits for six months following termination of employment, up to a maximum of $5,000; (vii) all accrued but unpaid vacation, expense reimbursements, wages, and other benefits due to executive under any Company-providedCompany- provided plans, policies and arrangements and (viii) such other compensation or benefits as may be required by law.

        If during the twenty-four month period immediately following a change of control (as defined in the CIC Agreements), (x) we terminate an executive's employment with the Company for a reason other than


Table of Contents

cause (as defined in the CIC Agreements) or the executive's death or disability (as defined in the CIC Agreements), or (y) an executive resigns from such employment for good reason (as defined in the CIC Agreements), then executive will receive the severance benefits discussed above except (i) the severance in clause (i) above shall be paid in a single lump sum following executive's termination of employment; (ii) in lieu of the pro rata bonus described above in clause (ii) above, executive will receive a lump sum severance payment equal to 100% of executive's full target bonus for the fiscal year in effect at the date of termination of employment; and (iii) that vesting shall accelerate as to 100% of all of executive's outstanding equity awards.

        An executive's receipt of severance payments or benefits pursuant to a severance and change in control agreement is subject to the executive signing a separation agreement and release of claims and complying with restrictive covenants. For Messrs. Oringer and Chou, the restrictive covenants are contained in the CIC Agreements and restrict the executives during the employment period and the 12-month period following termination of employment from (i) soliciting employees or customers; (ii) competing against the Company; and (iii) dispargingdisparaging the Company. Messrs. Oringer and Chou are also restricted from disclosing confidential information at any time. Messrs. Bixby and Semmelbauer must comply with the restrictive covenants set forth in their respective employment agreements (as set forth above under "—Employment Agreements") as a condition to the receipt of severance.

Employee Benefit and Stock Plans

Value Appreciation Rights Plan

        Our board of directors adopted our Value Appreciation Plan, or the VAR Plan, in March 2011. As we were a limited liability company at the time of the adoption of the VAR Plan, it provides for the grant of value appreciation rights (each award, a VAR award) in the form of notional units to eligible persons designated by the board of directors. Each VAR award generally represents the right to an amount in cash, units or other securities based on the amount by which the fair market value of a notional unit of the LLC on the date of exercise of the award exceeds the value of a notional unit on the date of grant of the award. Payment can occur in the form of cash, units or other securities at the discretion of the Board of Managers and will be equal to the appreciation in the value over the participant's grant date price. The determination of the type of payment is subject to the discretion of the Company and not the holder. As a result, the VAR awards are accounted for as equity awards. The VAR awards made under the VAR Plan are subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control (as defined in the VAR Plan) occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR awards. In connection with our Reorganization, the VAR awards will be exchanged for options to purchase shares of our common stock under our 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan with substantially similar exercise prices and vesting terms of the VAR awards. No new awards will be granted under our VAR Plan following this offering.

        The maximum aggregate number of notional units reserved for issuance under the VAR Plan is 3,000,000. As of June 30, 2012, 1,621,000 notional units were outstanding and 1,379,000 notional units were available for future grants.


Table of Contents

        Our board of directors, or a committee that it appoints, administers the VAR Plan. The administrator has the power and authority to determine the terms of the awards, including eligibility, the exercise price, the number of notional units, the vesting schedule and exercisability of awards and the form of consideration payable upon exercise and to construe and interpret the VAR Plan and VAR grants.

        Unless otherwise determined by the administrator, the VAR Plan generally does not allow for the sale or transfer of awards under the VAR Plan other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution.

        In the event of certain changes made in our membership interests, appropriate adjustments will be made with respect to the VAR awards to prevent any inappropriate dilution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the VAR Plan.

        In the event of a change of control, the VAR awards will be paid out, to the extent vested, and the unvested VAR awards will terminate on such date unless otherwise determined by the committee.

        Generally, the VAR awards may only be exercised upon a change of control, but if a participant's employment terminates other than for cause (as defined in the VAR Plan) and we obtain a release of claims from the participant, we can either repurchase the participant's vested VAR awards based upon the fair market value of a notional unit on the date of termination or wait until a change in control event and cash the participant out at the lesser of the fair market value on the date of termination of employment or the date of the change of control.

        Our board of directors may at any time amend, suspend or terminate the VAR Plan, provided such action does not impair the existing rights of any participant. Our VAR Plan will terminate in connection with, and contingent upon, the effectiveness of this offering.

2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan

        In May 2012, ourOur board of directors has adopted, and our stockholders have approved, our 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2012 Plan. The 2012 Plan will becomebecame effective immediately prior tofollowing the effectiveness of this prospectus, subject to the approval of our stockholders.Reorganization. Our 2012 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, to our employees and any of our subsidiary corporations' employees, and for the grant of nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares to our employees, directors and consultants and our subsidiary corporations' employees and consultants.

        After the effectiveness of this prospectus, no further grants will be made under our VAR Plan. In connection with the Reorganization, the outstanding VAR grants under our VAR Plan will bewere converted into options to purchase common stock granted under, and governed by the terms of, the 2012 Plan, and with similar rights and terms as the original VAR grant. See "Reorganization."

        The following is a summary of terms of the 2012 Plan is based on the terms of the 2012 Plan as approved by the board of directors, but the terms are not final until approved by our stockholders.Plan.

        Authorized Shares.    The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2012 Plan is 6,750,000 shares of our common stock (of(1,661,719 of which approximately 1,750,000 will bewere granted as options in replacement of existing VARs). In addition, the number of shares available for issuance under the 2012 Plan will be annually increased on the first day of each of our fiscal years beginning with the 2013 fiscal year, by an amount equal to the least of:

        Shares issued pursuant to awards under the 2012 Plan that we repurchase or that are otherwise forfeited, will become available for future grant under the 2012 Plan on the same basis as the award initially counted against the share reserve. In addition, to the extent that an award is paid out in cash rather


Table of Contents

than shares, such cash payment will not reduce the number of shares available for issuance under the 2012 Plan.


Table of Contents

        Award Limitations.    The following limits apply to any awards granted under the 2012 Plan:

        Plan Administration.    The 2012 Plan will be administered by our board of directors, which, at its discretion or as legally required, may delegate such administration to our compensation committee and/or one or more additional committees. In the case of awards intended to qualify as "performance-based compensation" within the meaning of Code Section 162(m), the compensation committee will consist of two or more "outside directors" within the meaning of Code Section 162(m).

        Subject to the provisions of our 2012 Plan, the administrator has the power to determine the terms of awards, including the recipients, the exercise price, if any, the number of shares subject to each award, the fair market value of a share of our common stock, the vesting schedule applicable to the awards, together with any vesting acceleration, and the form of consideration, if any, payable upon exercise of the award and the terms of the award agreement for use under the 2012 Plan. The administrator also has the authority, subject to the terms of the 2012 Plan, to amend existing awards, to prescribe rules and to construe and interpret the 2012 Plan and awards granted thereunder.

        Stock Options.    The administrator may grant incentive and/or nonstatutory stock options under our 2012 Plan; provided that incentive stock options are only granted to employees. The exercise price of such options must equal at least the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The term of an option may not exceed ten10 years; provided, however, that an incentive stock option held by a participant who owns more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock, or of certain of our subsidiary corporations, may not have a term in excess of five years and must have an exercise price of at least 110% of the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date. The administrator will determine the methods of payment of the exercise price of an option, which may include cash, shares or other property acceptable to the administrator. Subject to the provisions of our 2012 Plan, the administrator determines the remaining terms of the options (e.g., vesting). After the termination of service of an employee, director or consultant, the participant may exercise his or her option, to the extent vested as of such date of termination, for the period of time stated in his or her option agreement. Generally, if termination is due to death or disability, the option will remain exercisable for twelve months. In all other cases, the option will generally remain exercisable for three months following the termination of service. However, in no event may an option be exercised later than the expiration of its term.

        Stock Appreciation Rights.    Stock appreciation rights may be granted under our 2012 Plan. Stock appreciation rights allow the recipient to receive the appreciation in the fair market value of our common


Table of Contents

stock between the exercise date and the date of grant. Subject to the provisions of our 2012 Plan, the administrator determines the terms of stock appreciation rights, including when such rights vest and


Table of Contents

become exercisable and whether to settle such awards in cash or with shares of our common stock, or a combination thereof, except that the per share exercise price for the shares to be issued pursuant to the exercise of a stock appreciation right will be no less than 100% of the fair market value per share on the date of grant. The specific terms will be set forth in an award agreement.

        Restricted Stock.    Restricted stock may be granted under our 2012 Plan. Restricted stock awards are grants of shares of our common stock that are subject to various restrictions, including restrictions on transferability and forfeiture provisions. Shares of restricted stock will vest and the restrictions on such shares will lapse, in accordance with terms and conditions established by the administrator. Such terms may include, among other things, vesting upon the achievement of specific performance goals determined by the administrator and/or continued service. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed. Recipients of restricted stock awards generally will have voting and cash dividend rights with respect to such shares upon grant without regard to vesting, unless the administrator provides otherwise. Shares of restricted stock that do not vest for any reason will be forfeited by the recipient and will revert to us. The specific terms will be set forth in an award agreement.

        Restricted Stock Units.    Restricted stock units may be granted under our 2012 Plan, which may include the right to dividend equivalents, as determined in the discretion of the administrator. Each restricted stock unit granted is a bookkeeping entry representing an amount equal to the fair market value of one share of our common stock. The administrator determines the terms and conditions of restricted stock units including the vesting criteria, which may include achievement of specified performance criteria or continued service, and the form and timing of payment. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may accelerate the time at which any restrictions will lapse or be removed. The administrator determines in its sole discretion whether an award will be settled in stock, cash or a combination of both. The specific terms will be set forth in an award agreement.

        Performance Units /and Performance Shares.    Performance units and performance shares may be granted under our 2012 Plan. Performance units and performance shares are awards that will result in a payment to a participant only if performance goals established by the administrator are achieved and any other applicable vesting provisions are satisfied. The administrator will establish organizational or individual performance goals in its discretion, which, depending on the extent to which they are met, will determine the number and/or the value of performance units and performance shares to be paid out to participants. For purposes of such awards, the performance goals may be one or more of the following, as determined by the administrator: (i) sales or non-sales revenue; (ii) return on revenues;revenue; (iii) operating income; (iv) income or earnings including operating income; (v) income or earnings before or after taxes, interest, depreciation and/or amortization; (vi) income or earnings from continuing operations; (vii) net income; (vii) pre-tax income or after-tax income; (viii) net income excluding amortization of intangible assets, depreciation and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and/or excluding charges attributable to the adoption of new accounting pronouncements; (ix) raising of financing or fundraising; (x) project financing; (xi) revenue backlog; (xii) power purchase agreement backlog; (xiii) gross margin; (xiv) operating margin or profit margin; (xv) capital expenditures, cost targets, reductions and savings and expense management; (xvi) return on assets (gross or net), return on investment, return on capital, or return on shareholderstockholder equity; (xvii) cash flow, free cash flow, cash flow return on investment (discounted or otherwise), net cash provided by operations, or cash flow in excess of cost of capital; (xviii) performance warranty and/or guarantee claims; (xix) stock price or total stockholder return; (xx) earnings or book value per share (basic or diluted); (xxi) economic value created; (xxii) pre-tax profit or after-tax profit; (xxiii) strategic business criteria, consisting of one or more objectives based on meeting specified market penetration or market share, geographic business expansion, objective customer satisfaction or information technology goals; (xxiv) objective goals relating to divestitures, joint ventures, mergers, acquisitions and similar transactions; (xxv) construction projects consisting of one or more objectives based upon meeting project completion


Table of Contents

timing milestones, project budget, site acquisition, site development, or site equipment


Table of Contents

functionality; (xxvi) objective goals relating to staff management, results from staff attitude and/or opinion surveys, staff satisfaction scores, staff safety, staff accident and/or injury rates, headcount, performance management, completion of critical staff training initiatives; (xxvii) objective goals relating to projects, including project completion timing milestones, project budget; (xxviii) key regulatory objectives; and (xxix) enterprise resource planning. After the grant of a performance unit or performance share, the administrator, in its sole discretion, may reduce or waive any performance objectives or other vesting provisions for such performance units or performance shares. Performance units shall have an initial dollar value established by the administrator prior to the grant date. Performance shares shall have an initial value equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date. The administrator, in its sole discretion, may pay earned performance units or performance shares in the form of cash, in shares or in some combination thereof. The specific terms will be set forth in an award agreement.

        TransferabilityNon-Transferability of Awards.    Unless the administrator provides otherwise, our 2012 Plan generally does not allow for the transfer of awards and only the recipient of an option or stock appreciation right may exercise such an award during his or her lifetime.

        Certain Adjustments.    In the event of certain corporate events or changes in our capitalization, to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits available under the 2012 Plan, the administrator will make adjustments to one or more of the number and class of shares that may be delivered under the 2012 Plan and/or the number, class and price of shares covered by each outstanding award and the numerical share limits contained in the 2012 Plan. In the event of our proposed winding up, liquidation or dissolution, the administrator will notify participants as soon as practicable and all awards will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed transaction.

        Merger or Change in Control.    Our 2012 Plan provides that in the event of a merger or change in control (other than a winding up, dissolution or liquidation), as defined under the 2012 Plan, each outstanding award will be treated as the administrator determines (including assumed, substituted or cancelled), except that if a successor corporation or its parent or subsidiary does not assume or substitute an equivalent award for any outstanding award, then such award will fully vest, all restrictions on such award will lapse, all performance goals or other vesting criteria applicable to such award will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels and such award will become fully exercisable, if applicable, for a specified period prior to the transaction. The award will then terminate upon the expiration of the specified period of time.

        Plan Amendment, Termination.    Our board of directors has the authority to amend, suspend or terminate the 2012 Plan provided such action does not impair the existing rights of any participant. Our 2012 Plan will automatically terminate in 2022, unless we terminate it sooner.

        Lock-Up Provision.    For a period of 18090 days following the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, the participants may not offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, make any short sale of, loan, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise dispose of any of our securities however and whenever acquired (other than those included in the registration) without the prior written consent of the Company and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. In addition, the participants agree to be bound by similar restrictions, and to sign a similar agreement, in connection with no more than one additional registration statement filed within 12 months after the effective date of the registration statement, provided that the duration of the lock-up period with respect to such additional registration shall not exceed 90 days from the effective date of such additional registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if during the last 17 days of the restricted period, the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs, or prior to the expiration of the restricted period the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the restricted period, then, upon the request of the managing underwriter, to the extent required by any FINRA rules, the restrictions shall continue to apply until the end of the third trading day following the expiration of the 15-day period beginning on the issuance of the


Table of Contents

earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event. In no event will the restricted period extend beyond 216 days after the effective date of the registration statement. In order to enforce the restriction set forth above, the Company may impose stop-transfer instructions with respect to the shares acquired under the 2012 Plan until the end of the applicable stand-off period.

2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

        In May 2012, ourOur board of directors has adopted, and our stockholders have approved, our 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or the ESPP. The ESPP will becomebecame effective immediately prior tofollowing the effectiveness of this prospectus, subject to the approval of our stockholders.Reorganization. Our executive officers and all of our other employees will beare allowed to participate in our ESPP. In general, we intend to make offerings under the ESPP that qualify under Section 423 of the Code, but may make offerings that are not intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Code to the extent deemed advisable for designated subsidiaries outside the United States. Additionally, we may make separate offerings under the ESPP, each of which may have different terms, but each separate offering will be intended to comply with the requirements of Section 423 of the Code. The following summary of terms of the ESPP is based on the


Table of Contents

terms of the ESPP as approved by the board of directors, but the terms are not final until approved by the stockholders.

        A total of 2,000,000 shares of our common stock will bewere originally made available for sale under our ESPP. In addition, our ESPP provides for annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2013 fiscal year, equal to the least of:

        Our board of directors or its committee has full and exclusive authority to interpret the terms of the ESPP and determine eligibility.

        All of our employees are eligible to participate if they are customarily employed by us or any participating subsidiary for more than 20 hours per week and more than five months in any calendar year. However, an employee may not be granted rights to purchase stock under our ESPP if such employee:

        Our ESPP is intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Code, and provides for consecutive, non-overlapping six-month offering periods. The offering periods generally start on the first trading day on or after June 1 and December 1 of each year, except for the first such offering period which will commence on the first trading day on or after the effective date of the registration statement ofOctober 11, 2012 and which this prospectus is a part and will endended on June 3, 2013. The administrator may, in its discretion, modify the terms of future offering periods.

        Our ESPP permits participants to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation, which includes a participant's regular and recurring straight time gross earnings, payments for overtime and shift premium, exclusive of payments for incentive compensation, bonuses and other similar compensation. A participant may purchase a maximum of 1,000 shares of common stock during each six-month offering period.

        Amounts deducted and accumulated by the participant are used to purchase shares of our common stock at the end of each six-month offering period. The purchase price of the shares will be 85% of the lower of the fair market value of our common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or on the last day of the offering period. Participants may end their participation at any time during an offering period, and will be paid their accrued payroll deductions that have not yet been used to purchase shares of common stock. Participation ends automatically upon termination of employment with us.


Table of Contents

        A participant may not transfer rights granted under the ESPP other than by will, the laws of descent and distribution or as otherwise provided under the ESPP.

        In the event of our merger or change of control, as defined under the ESPP, a successor corporation may assume or substitute each outstanding purchase right. If the successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute for the outstanding purchase rights, the offering period then in progress will be shortened, and a new exercise date will be set. The plan administrator will notify each participant in writing that the exercise date has been changed and that the participant's option will be exercised automatically on the new exercise date unless the participant has already withdrawn from the offering period.

        Our ESPP will automatically terminate in 2022, unless we terminate it sooner. In addition, our board of directors has the authority to amend, suspend or terminate our ESPP, except that, subject to certain exceptions described in the ESPP, no such action may adversely affect any outstanding rights to purchase stock under our ESPP.


Table of Contents

Non-Equity Incentive Plan

        Our executive officers, with the exception of our Chief Executive Officer, are eligible for annual incentive compensation under a cash bonus plan. The plan is designed to provide awards to such individuals as an incentive to contribute to both revenue growth and profitability on a consolidated company basis and as an incentive to meet individual objectives that relate to our overall goals.

        Bonuses are based on our overall financial performance and are contingent upon our attainment of revenue and EBITDA targets established by our board on an annual basis. Our board retains discretion to increase or decrease the bonus amount paid to any employee or executive, regardless of that person's target bonus or specific corporate performance metrics. There are no maximum payouts, and generally no minimum thresholds for individuals. Bonuses are paid in cash after the end of the performance period in which they were earned.

        Individual bonus payments are based on a formula determined by taking each person's actual earned compensation, multiplied by a target bonus percentage, multiplied by an individual score, multiplied by the company-wide score, with discretion for rounding. Individual bonus payments are pro-rated for the portion of the fiscal year during which the executive was employed by us for those executives who were not employed by us for the entire fiscal year.

        In May 2012, our board of directors approved the Shutterstock, Inc. Short-Term Incentive Plan, or the Short-Term Incentive Plan. The Short-Term Incentive Plan will becomebecame effective immediately prior tofollowing the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.Reorganization. The purpose of the Short-Term Incentive Plan is to motivate and reward eligible officers and employees for their contributions toward the achievement of certain performance goals, with the intention that the incentives paid thereunder to certain executive officers of the Company be deductible during the applicable reliance period under Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations and interpretations promulgated thereunder. The Short-Term Incentive Plan will be administered by the compensation committee, which shall have the discretionary authority to interpret the provisions of the Short-Term Incentive Plan, including all decisions on eligibility to participate, the establishment of performance goals, the amount of awards payable under the plan and the payment of awards.

        Commencing with our 2013 fiscal year, we expect the compensation committee to establishhas established cash bonus targets and corporate performance metrics for a specific performance period (not to exceed 36 months) or fiscal year pursuant to the Short-Term Incentive Plan. Corporate performance goals may be based on one or more of the following criteria, as determined by our compensation committee: (i) pre-tax income or after-tax income; (ii) income or earnings including operating income, earnings before or after taxes, interest, stock-based compensation expense, depreciation and/or amortization; (iii) net income excluding amortization of intangible assets, depreciation and impairment of goodwill and intangible assets and/or excluding charges attributable to the adoption of new accounting pronouncements; (iv) earnings or book value per share (basic or diluted); (v) return on assets (gross or net), return on investment, return on


Table of Contents

capital, or return on equity; (vi) return on revenues;revenue; (vii) cash flow, free cash flow, cash flow return on investment (discounted or otherwise), net cash provided by operations, or cash flow in excess of cost of capital; (viii) economic value created; (ix) operating margin or profit margin; (x) stock price or total stockholder return; (xi) income or earnings from continuing operations; (xii) capital expenditures, cost targets, reductions and savings and expense management; and (xiii) strategic business criteria, consisting of one or more objectives based on meeting specified market penetration or market share, geographic business expansion, objective customer satisfaction or information technology goals, and objective goals relating to divestitures, joint ventures, mergers, acquisitions and similar transactions, each with respect to the Company and/or one or more of its affiliates or operating units. Awards issued to participants who are not subject to the limitations of Code Section 162(m) or awards to participants that are not intended to comply with the requirements of Code Section 162(m) may, in either case, take into account other factors (including subjective factors). Performance goals may differ from participant to participant, performance period to performance period and from award to award. Any criteria used may be measured, as applicable, (i) in absolute terms, (ii) in relative terms (including, but not limited to, any increase (or decrease) over the


Table of Contents

passage of time and/or any measurement against other companies or financial or business or stock index metrics particular to the Company), (iii) on a per share and/or share per capita basis, (iv) against the performance of the Company as a whole or against any affiliate(s), or a particular segment(s), a business unit(s) or a product(s) of the Company or individual project company, (v) on a pre-tax or after-tax basis, and/or (vi) using an actual foreign exchange rate or on a foreign exchange neutral basis. It is the intent that, starting in 2013, the compensation committee will establish corporate performance metrics that are both aggressive and obtainable and that the executive officers' performance at expected levels will provide the opportunity to achieve a meaningful number of the corporate goals and objectives. Following the end of the performance period, the compensation committee will approve the achievement of the corporate performance metrics and authorize the funding of the cash bonuses for that period. Under the Short-Term Incentive Plan, the maximum award that can be paid to a participant during any performance period is $2,000,000. The total awards under the Short-Term Incentive Plan may not exceed $10,000,000 during any calendar year or $30,000,000 during the applicable reliance period (within the meaning of Section 162(m)).

Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans

        Our directors andOne of our executive officers has adopted, and other of our executive officers or directors may adopt in the future, written plans, known as Rule 10b5-1 plans, in which they will contract with a broker to buy or sell shares of our common stock on a periodic basis. Under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the director or officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The director or officer may amend or terminate the plan in some circumstances. Our directors and executive officers may also buy or sell additional shares outside of a Rule 10b5-1 plan when they are not in possession of material, nonpublic information.


Table of Contents


CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

        In addition to the director and executive officer compensation arrangements discussed above under "Executive Compensation," below we describe transactions since January 1, 2009,2010, to which we have been a party or will be a party, in which:

        Other than as described below, there has not been, nor is there currently proposed, any such transaction or series of similar transactions to which we have been or will be a party other than compensation arrangements, which are described where required under "Management."

Reorganization and Distributions to LLC Members

        As described more fully under "Reorganization," prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part,On October 5, 2012, we will completecompleted the Reorganization from a New York limited liability company to a Delaware corporation. Members of the LLC affiliated with Jonathan Oringer, our chief executive officer, director and holder of more than 5% of our capital stock, Insight Venture Partners, which holds more than 5% of our capital stock, and Adam Riggs, a holder of more than 5% of our capital stock, will each receivereceived final cash distributions from the LLC immediately prior to the Reorganizationon October 4, 2012 with respect to their membership interests. Historically we have

        Pursuant to the operating agreement, the LLC historically made monthly cash distributions to theseits members, including those affiliated with our directors, executive officers or beneficial holders of more than 5% of our capital stock. The members of the LLC affiliated with respect to their membership interestsJonathan Oringer, Insight Venture Partners and Adam Riggs received aggregate distributions of $49.9 million, $18.7 million and $6.4 million, respectively, for the three years ended December 31, 2011. From January 1, 2012 through September 30, 2012, such members of the LLC intendsreceived aggregate distributions of $16.1 million, $6.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively.

        On October 4, 2012, the LLC made a final distribution to continue making monthlyeach of its members. The members of the LLC affiliated with Jonathan Oringer, Insight Venture Partners and Adam Riggs received on October 4, 2012 a final cash distribution of $7.8 million, $3.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. Since the Reorganization, no further distributions to these members up until the time of the Reorganization. See "Reorganization" for further details regarding the distributions.have been made.

Registration Rights Agreement

        In connection with the Reorganization and termination of the LLC's operating agreement, we will enterentered into a registration rights agreement with Pixel Holdings Inc. (the entity through which Jonathan Oringer, our chief executive officer, holds his shares)shares as of the date of this prospectus), Insight Venture Partners, Adam Riggs, Thilo Semmelbauer (our president and chief operating officer) and one of our employees who is not an executive officer, pursuant to which we will provide for certain registration rights. The registration rights will terminate five years following effectiveness of the agreement, or for any particular holder with registration rights, at such time when all securities held by that stockholder that are subject to registration rights may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act during any three-month period. The holders of 28,338,28124,963,370 shares of our common stock, after giving effect to the Reorganization, or their transferees, are entitled to certain rights with respect to the registration of such shares under the Securities Act. See "—The Pixel Holdings Merger" and "Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights" below for additional information.

Customer Payments

        As of December 31, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2011,2012, and as of June 30, 2012,2013, Pixel Holdings Inc., which is wholly-ownedwholly owned by Jonathan Oringer, owed the company $97,000, $144,000, $168,000, $0 and $0, respectively. These


Table of Contents

amounts comprised customer payments that were sent to Pixel Holdings Inc. and other miscellaneous amounts. In April 2012, all amounts owed by Pixel Holdings Inc. to the company were repaid in full.

        The sole business of Pixel Holdings Inc. (which was formerly known as Shutterstock, Inc.) is as a holding company through which Mr. Oringer holds, as of the date of this prospectus, a majority interest in the LLC.Company. Prior to June 7, 2007, our business was operated through Pixel Holdings Inc. On June 7, 2007, Pixel Holdings Inc. contributed the business to the LLC in exchange for a one hundred percent membership interest in the LLC. The LLC had no business operations prior to June 7, 2007. Following the contribution of the business to the LLC, certain of our customers continued making payments to Pixel Holdings Inc. in error. See "—The Pixel Holdings Merger" below.


TableThe Insight Entities Mergers

        As part of Contentsthe Reorganization, in October 2012, two entities affiliated with Insight Venture Partners that owned membership interests in the LLC, or the Insight Entities, merged with and into Shutterstock, Inc. In this merger, the shareholders of the Insight Entities received shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. In the merger agreement, the companies that were merged into us represented and warranted that they did not have any liabilities that were assumed by us in the mergers. The merger agreement pursuant to which the Insight Entities merged with and into Shutterstock, Inc. also provided for certain customary representations and warranties.

The Pixel Holdings Merger

        Pixel Holdings Inc. ("Pixel Holdings"), an entity of which Jonathan Oringer (our Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board) is the sole stockholder, will, prior to the consummation of this offering, merge with and into the Company. In this merger, Mr. Oringer will receive an equivalent number of shares of common stock of the Company as the number that was previously owned by Pixel Holdings such that, following the merger, Mr. Oringer will own his interest in the Company directly rather than through Pixel Holdings. In the merger agreement, Pixel Holdings will represent and warrant that it does not have any liabilities that will be assumed by us in the merger. The merger agreement pursuant to which Pixel Holdings will merge with and into the Company will also provide for certain customary representations and warranties.

Indemnification Arrangements

        Please see "Description of Capital Stock—Limitation on Director and Officer Liability and Indemnification" for information on our indemnification arrangements with our executive officers and directors.

Executive Compensation and Employment Arrangements

Named Executive Officers

        Please see "Executive Compensation" for information on compensation and employment arrangements with our named executive officers.

Adam Riggs

        On June 7, 2007, we entered into an Employment Agreement with Mr. Riggs, our former President, whereby we issued a membership interest to Mr. Riggs in consideration of future services to be rendered. Pursuant to the terms of the Employment Agreement, Mr. Riggs received an 8.5% membership interest in the LLC. The membership interest vested monthly, on the first day of each month, over a thirty-six month period beginning July 1, 2007, provided that Mr. Riggs remained an employee of the LLC. Upon a change of control, a qualified public offering, termination by the LLC without cause or termination by Mr. Riggs


Table of Contents

for good reason, the entire unvested portion of Mr. Riggs' membership interest would have vested immediately. Mr. Riggs ceased his employment with the LLC in September of 2010, at which time his 8.5% membership interest was fully vested. Pursuant to the Reorganization, the LLC membership interest held by Mr. Riggs will be exchanged for shares of our common stock. For information regarding the number of shares of common stock to bethat were issued to Mr. Riggs in connection with the Reorganization and the number of shares of common stock to be held by Mr. Riggs following this offering, see "Principal Stockholders."

Policies and Procedures for Related Party Transactions

        We intend to adopthave adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics, which will be effective andis publicly available on our website at www.shutterstock.com upon the consummation of this offering.investor.shutterstock.com. Under our code of business conduct and ethics, our employees, officers and directors will beare discouraged from entering into any transaction that may cause a conflict of interest for us. In addition, they must report any potential conflict of interest, including related-party transactions, to a supervisor or the compliance officer of the Company, as defined in our code of business conduct and ethics, who will then review and summarize the proposed transaction for our audit committee. As provided by our audit committee charter, to be effective upon completion of this offering, our audit committee is responsible for reviewing and approving in advance any related party transaction. Prior to the creation of our audit committee, our full board of directors reviewed related party transactions.


Table of Contents


PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

        The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our outstanding capital stock as of September 25, 2012, after giving effect to our Reorganization from a New York limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, as described more fully under "Reorganization," and10, 2013, as adjusted to reflect the sale of the common stock offered by us and by the selling stockholders under this prospectus by:

        Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. These rules generally attribute beneficial ownership of securities to persons who possess sole or shared voting or investment power with respect to those securities, and include shares subject to options that are exercisable within 60 days. Such shares are also deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person holding the option, but not the percentage ownership of any other person.

        The table includes all shares of common stock issuable within 60 days of September 25, 201210, 2013 upon the exercise of options and other rights beneficially owned by the indicated stockholders on that date. Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on the information furnished to us, that the persons named in the table below have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially own, subject to community property laws, where applicable.

        Our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership prior to this offering is based on 28,338,28133,740,074 shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 25, 2012 after giving effect to our Reorganization,10, 2013, together with applicable options to the extent held by certain of our stockholders. We have based our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership after this offering on 32,838,28134,740,074 shares of our common stock outstanding immediately after completion of this offering (assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option)option to purchase additional shares), together with applicable options to the extent held by certain of our stockholders.

        The actual number of shares of common stock to be issued to each stockholder in connection with the Reorganization, which will occur prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, depends in part upon our valuation at the time of our initial public offering. For illustrative purposes only, the number of shares reflected in the table below is based on an assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus).


Table of Contents

        Except as otherwise noted, the address of each person listed in the table is c/o Shutterstock, Inc., 60 Broad Street, 30th Floor, New York, New York 10004.

 
 Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to Offering  
 Shares Beneficially Owned After Offering 
 
 Number of Shares Offered Hereby 
Name of Beneficial Owner
 Number Percentage Number Percentage 

Principal Stockholders:

                

Jonathan Oringer(1)

  18,486,327  54.8% 1,500,000  16,986,327  48.9%

Entities affiliated with Insight Venture Partners(2)

  5,949,748  17.6  500,000  5,449,748  15.7 

Adam Riggs(3)

  2,362,914  7.0    2,362,914  6.8 

Executive Officers and Directors:

                

Jonathan Oringer(1)

  18,486,327  54.8  1,500,000  16,986,327  48.9 

Thilo Semmelbauer(4)

  412,649  1.2    412,649  1.2 

Timothy E. Bixby(5)

  122,917  *    122,917  * 

James Chou(6)

  79,167  *    79,167  * 

Steven Berns(7)

  8,750  *    8,750  * 

Jeff Epstein(8)

  13,380  *    13,380  * 

Thomas R. Evans(9)

  8,750  *    8,750  * 

Jeffrey Lieberman(10)

  5,959,651  17.7  500,000  5,459,651  15.7 

Jonathan Miller(11)

  8,750  *    8,750  * 

All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons)

  25,100,341  73.9% 2,000,000  23,100,341  66.0%

 
 Shares Beneficially
Owned Prior to
Offering
 Shares Beneficially
Owned After
Offering
 
Name of Beneficial Owner
 Shares Percentage Shares Percentage 

Principal Stockholders:

             

Jonathan Oringer(1)

  18,586,514  65.6% 18,586,514  56.6%

Entities affiliated with Insight Venture Partners(2)

  6,987,411  24.7  6,987,411  21.3 

Adam Riggs(3)

  2,375,720  8.4  2,375,720  7.2 

Named Executive Officers and Directors:

             

Jonathan Oringer(1)

  18,586,514  65.6  18,586,514  56.6 

Thilo Semmelbauer(4)

  276,388  1.0  276,388  * 

Timothy E. Bixby(5)

  63,750  *  63,750  * 

James Chou(6)

  37,500  *  37,500  * 

Steven Berns

         

Jeff Epstein

         

Thomas R. Evans

         

Jeffrey Lieberman(7)

  6,987,411  24.7  6,987,411  21.3 

Jonathan Miller

         

All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons)

  25,951,563  91.3% 25,951,563  78.8%

*
Represents beneficial ownership of less than 1%.

(1)
SharesAs of the date of this prospectus, these shares are held by Pixel Holdings Inc. Mr. Oringer is the sole stockholder of Pixel Holdings Inc. and has sole voting and dispositive control over the shares. As more fully described in "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—The Pixel Holdings Merger," prior to the consummation of this offering, Pixel Holdings will merge with and into Shutterstock, Inc. such that, following the merger, Mr. Oringer will own his interest in Shutterstock, Inc. directly rather than through Pixel Holdings.

(2)
Includes 167,638142,742 shares held of record by Shutterstock Investors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company controlled by Insight Venture Partners V (Employee Co-Investors), L.P., 2,851,0632,427,668 shares held of record by Shutterstock Investors I, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company controlled by Insight Venture Partners V, L.P., 863,215735,025 shares held of record by Insight Venture Partners (Cayman) V, L.P. and 3,105,4952,644,313 shares held of record by Insight Venture Partners V Coinvestment Fund, L.P. (Insight Venture Partners V (Employee Co-Investors), L.P., Insight Venture Partners V, L.P., Insight Venture Partners (Cayman) V, L.P. and Insight Venture Partners V Coinvestment Fund, L.P., collectively, the "Insight V Funds"). Insight Venture Associates V, L.L.C. is the general partner of each of the Insight V Funds. Insight Holdings Group, LLC is the manager of Insight Venture Associates V, L.L.C. Jeff Horing, Deven Parekh and Peter Sobiloff are the members of the board of managers of Insight Holdings Group, LLC and share voting and dispositive control of the shares held by the Insight V Funds. The foregoing is not an admission by Insight Ventures Associates V, L.L.C. or Insight Holdings Group, LLC that it is the beneficial owner of the shares held by the Insight V Funds. Each of Messrs. Horing, Parekh and Sobiloff disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest in these entities. The address of the Insight V Funds is c/o Insight Venture Partners, 680 Fifth Avenue, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10019.

(3)
The address of AdamMr. Riggs is c/o The Nelson Law Firm, LLC, White Plains Plaza, One North Broadway, White Plains, New York 10601. Number of shares beneficially owned prior to offering is based on a Schedule 13G filed by Mr. Riggs with the SEC on February 12, 2013.

(4)
Consists of 115,162323,555 shares of common stock and 161,22689,094 shares of restricted stock that are subject to vesting and may, to the extent not vested, be repurchased by the Company if Mr. Semmelbauer ceases to be employed by us prior to April 5, 2016. See "Executive Compensation—Agreements with Executive Officers—Thilo Semmelbauer Profits Interest Grant and Repurchase Agreement."

(5)
Consists of 63,750122,917 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of September 25, 2012.10, 2013.

(6)
Consists of 37,50079,167 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of September 25, 2012.10, 2013.

(7)
Consists of 8,750 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of September 10, 2013.

(8)
Includes 7,500 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of September 10, 2013.

(9)
Consists of 8,750 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of September 10, 2013.

(10)
Mr. Lieberman is a Managing Director of Insight Venture Management, LLC, an entity affiliated with the Insight V Funds, but holds no voting or investment power over the shares reflected as beneficially owned by the Insight V Funds. See note (2) above for more information regarding the Insight V Funds.

(11)
Consists of 8,750 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding options exercisable within 60 days of September 10, 2013.

Table of Contents


DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

General

        The following descriptions of our capital stock and certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws are summaries and are qualified by reference to theour amended and restated certificate of incorporation and theour amended and restated bylaws that will be in effect upon completion of this offering. Copies of these documents will be filed with the SEC as exhibits to our registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part. The descriptions of the common stock and preferred stock reflect changes to our capital structure that will occur upon the completion of this offering. Prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, we will be reorganized from a New York limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, as described more fully under "Reorganization."bylaws.

        Upon the completionOur authorized capital stock consists of this offering, we will be authorized to issue 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share.

Common Stock

        As of September 25, 2012,June 30, 2013, there were 28,338,28133,692,311 shares of common stock outstanding, as adjusted to give effect to our Reorganization from a New York limited liability company to a Delaware corporation, as described more fully under "Reorganization," held by 8 stockholders.13 holders of record. Options to purchase 1,661,719560,372 shares of common stock were also outstanding as of September 25, 2012, as adjusted to give effect to the Reorganization.June 30, 2013. There will be 32,838,28134,692,311 shares of common stock outstanding (assuming no exercise of the underwriter's over-allotment option to purchase additional shares or exercise of outstanding options after September 25, 2012)June 30, 2013), after giving effect to the sale of the shares offered hereby.

        The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. See "Dividend Policy." In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Shutterstock, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to the prior distribution rights of any outstanding preferred stock. The common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. The outstanding shares of common stock are, and the shares of common stock to be issued upon completion of this offering will be, fully paid and non-assessable.

Preferred Stock

        There will not be anyare no shares of preferred stock outstanding upon the closing of this offering.outstanding. Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which will be effective upon closing of this offering, our board of directors will havehas the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value, in one or more series. Our board of directors will also havehas the authority to designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of each such series, including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series.

        The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Shutterstock without further action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may also adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock. In certain circumstances, an issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock. We currently have no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.


Table of Contents

Registration Rights

        In connection with the Reorganization and the termination of the LLC's operating agreement, we will enterentered into a registration rights agreement with Pixel Holdings Inc. (the entity through which Jonathan Oringer, our chief executive officer, holds his shares as of the date of this prospectus), Insight Venture Partners, Adam Riggs, Thilo Semmelbauer (our president and chief operating officer) and one of our employees who is not an executive officer, pursuant to which we will provide for certain registration rights. The registration rights will terminate five years following effectiveness of the agreement, or for any particular holder with registration rights, at such time when all securities held by that stockholder that are subject to registration rights may be sold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act during any three-month period. Subject to limitations in the agreement, upon completion of this offering, the holders of approximately 25,573,92522,436,075 shares of these securitiescommon stock then outstanding may require, on three occasions, beginning six months after the date of this prospectus, that we use our best efforts to register these securities for public resale if Form S-3 is not available. If we register any of our common stock either for our own account or for the account of other security holders,


Table of Contents

the holders of these securities are entitled to include their shares of common stock in that registration, subject to the ability of the underwriters to limit the number of shares included in this offering. The holders of approximately 25,573,92522,436,075 shares of these securitiescommon stock then outstanding may also require us, not more than twice in any twelve-month period, to register all or a portion of these securities on Form S-3 when the use of that form becomes available to us, provided, among other limitations, that the proposed aggregate price to the public (net of any underwriters' discounts or commissions) is at least $5 million. We will be responsible for paying all registration expenses, and the holders selling their shares will be responsible for paying all selling expenses.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

        Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws that will be in effect upon the closing of this offering will contain certain provisions that could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing another party from acquiring control of us. These provisions and certain provisions of Delaware law, which are summarized below, are expected to discourage coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate more favorable terms with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us.

Undesignated Preferred Stock

        As discussed above, our board of directors will havehas the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any attempt to change control of us. These and other provisions may have the effect of deterring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of our company.

Limits on Ability of Stockholders to Act by Written Consent or Call a Special Meeting

        Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provideprovides that our stockholders may not act by written consent, which may lengthen the amount of time required to take stockholder actions. As a result, a holder controlling a majority of our capital stock would not be able to amend our amended and restated bylaws or remove directors without holding a meeting of our stockholders called in accordance with our amended and restated bylaws.

        In addition, our amended and restated bylaws will provideprovides that special meetings of the stockholders may be called only by the chairperson of the board, our chief executive officer, our president (in the absence of a chief executive officer) or a majority of our board of directors. Stockholders may not call a


Table of Contents

special meeting, which may delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for holders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take any action, including the removal of directors.

Requirements for Advance Notification of Stockholder Nominations and Proposals

        Our bylaws will establish advance notice procedures with respect to stockholder proposals and the nomination of candidates for election as directors, other than nominations made by or at the direction of our board of directors or a committee of our board of directors. These provisions may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed. These provisions may also discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer's own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.

Board Classification

        Upon the closing of this offering, ourOur board of directors will beis divided into three classes, one class of which is elected each year by our stockholders. The directors in each class will serve for a three-year term. For more information on the classified board, see "Management—Board of Directors." A third party may be discouraged from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to take control of us as it is more difficult and time-consuming for stockholders to replace a majority of the directors on a classified board.


Table of Contents

No Cumulative Voting

        Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws willdoes not permit cumulative voting in the election of directors. Cumulative voting allows a stockholder to vote a portion or all of its shares for one or more candidates for seats on the board of directors. Without cumulative voting, a minority stockholder may not be able to gain as many seats on our board of directors as the stockholder would be able to gain if cumulative voting were permitted. The absence of cumulative voting makes it more difficult for a minority stockholder to gain a seat on our board of directors to influence our board's decision regarding a takeover.

Amendment of Charter Provisions

        The amendment of the above provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will requirerequires approval by holders of at least a majority of our outstanding capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.

Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute

        We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:


Table of Contents

        Generally, a business combination includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An interested stockholder is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation's outstanding voting stock. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance. We anticipate that Section 203 may also discourage takeover attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by stockholders.

        The provisions of Delaware law and the provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as amended upon the closing of this offering, could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they might also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions might also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

Choice of Forum

        Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will provideprovides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty; any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of


Table of Contents

incorporation or bylaws; or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine.

Limitation on Director and Officer Liability and Indemnification

        Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation which will be in effect upon the completion of this offering, contains provisions that limit the liability of our directors for monetary damages to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Consequently, our directors will not be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:

        Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws to be in effect upon the completion of this offering provide that we are required to indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Our amended and restated bylaws also provide that we are obligated to advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding, and permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in that capacity regardless of whether we would otherwise be permitted to indemnify him or her under the provisions of


Table of Contents

Delaware law. We have entered and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify our directors, executive officers and other employees as determined by our board of directors. With specified exceptions, these agreements provide for indemnification for related expenses including, among other things, attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these individuals in any action or proceeding. We believe that these bylaw provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers. We also maintain directors' and officers' liability insurance.

        The limitation of liability and indemnification provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage stockholders from bringing a lawsuit against our directors and officers for breach of their fiduciary duty. They may also reduce the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and officers, even though an action, if successful, might benefit us and other stockholders. Further, a stockholder's investment may be adversely affected to the extent that we pay the costs of settlement and damage awards against directors and officers as required by these indemnification provisions. At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers or employees for which indemnification is sought, and we are not aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims for indemnification.

Market Listing

        Our common stock has been approved for listingis listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SSTK".

Transfer Agent and Registrar

        The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC. The transfer agent's address is 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York, 11219, and its telephone number is (718) 921-8200.


Table of Contents


SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

        Prior to this offering, there has been no market for our capital stock.        Future sales of our common stock, or the availability of such shares for sale in the public market, could adversely affect prevailing market prices. Furthermore, since only a limited number of shares will be available for sale shortly after this offering because of certain contractual and legal restrictions on resale, sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market after the restrictions lapse could adversely affect the prevailing market price and our ability to raise equity capital in the future.

        Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding 32,838,28134,692,311 shares of common stock. Of these outstanding shares, all of the 5,175,000 shares of common stock sold in our intitial public offering and all of the 3,000,000 shares of common stock sold in this offering (plus any shares issued upon exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option)option to purchase additional shares) are or will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act, unless purchased by "affiliates" of Shutterstock as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which generally includes officers, directors or 10% stockholders.

        The remainingUpon completion of this offering, approximately 22,958,370 shares of common stock outstanding after this offering will be "restricted securities" within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act. These shares may be sold in the public market only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rules 144 or 701 promulgated under the Securities Act, which are summarized below. Sales of these shares in the public market, or the availability of such shares for sale, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

        Prior to the completion of this offering, all of our directors, officers and the holders of all of our securitiesselling stockholders in this offering will have entered into lock-up agreements generally providing that they will not offer, sell, contract to sell or grant any option to purchase or otherwise dispose of any shares of our common stock or any securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of our common stock owned by them for a period of 18090 days after the effective date of the registration statement filed pursuant to this offering without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. As a result of these contractual restrictions, notwithstanding possible earlier eligibility for sale under the provisions of Rules 144 and 701, shares subject to lock-up agreements will not be salable until such agreements expire or are waived by the designated underwriters' representative.

        Taking into account the lock-up agreements, and assuming Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. do not release stockholders from these agreements, the following shares will be eligible for sale in the public market at the following times:

        In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, a person who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates for purposes of the Securities Act at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale and beginning afterwho has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, is entitled to sell those shares without complying with the manner of sale, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144, subject to compliance with the public information requirements of Rule 144. If such a person has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, then


Table of Contents

that person would be entitled to sell those shares without complying with any of the requirements of Rule 144.

        In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are entitled to sell upon expiration of the lock-up agreements (180 days after the date of this prospectus), a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who has beneficially owned restricted shares for at least one year would be entitled to selldescribed above, within any three-month period, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of: (i) one percent

        Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about Shutterstock. Under Rule 144, a person who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of Shutterstock at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be


Table of Contents

sold for at least one year, is entitled to sell such shares without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144.us.

        The holders of approximately 28,338,28122,958,370 shares of our common stock or their transferees are also entitled to certain rights with respect to registration of those shares for offer or sale to the public. If the holders, by exercising their registration rights, cause a large number of shares to be registered and sold in the public market, the sales could have a material adverse effect on the market price for our common stock.

        As a result of the lock-up agreements and the terms of our 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and our 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, our employees holding common stock or stock options may not sell shares acquired upon exercise until 180 days after the effective date. Beginning 180 days after the effective date, anyAny employee, officer or director of or consultant who purchased shares pursuant to a written compensatory plan or contract may be entitled to rely on the resale provisions of Rule 701. Rule 701 permits affiliates to sell their Rule 701 shares under Rule 144 without complying with the holding period requirements of Rule 144. Rule 701 further provides that non-affiliates may sell such shares in reliance on Rule 144 without having to comply with the holding period, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144.

        In addition, we intend to filehave filed registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act shortly after the effective dateto register all of the registration statementshares of which this prospectus is a part to register sharescommon stock issued or reserved to be issued pursuant to our employee benefit plans. As a result, any options exercised under the 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, or any othershares purchased under our 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, and any securities issued pursuant to these benefit plan after the effectiveness of such registration statementplans will also be freely tradable in the public market following the expiration of the lock-up agreements and arrangements described above, except that shares held by affiliates will still be subject to the volume limitation, manner of sale, notice and public information requirements of Rule 144 unless otherwise resalable under Rule 701.

        As of September 25, 2012,10, 2013, there were outstanding options for the purchase of 1,661,7191,932,141 shares of our common stock, of which options to purchase 328,249568,979 shares were exercisable, as adjusted to give effect to the Reorganization. No shares have been issued to date under our 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan or 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.exercisable. See "Risk Factors—Shares Eligible for Future Sale,sales of our common stock in the public market could cause our share price to decline," "Management—Employee Benefit and Stock Plans" and "Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights."


Table of Contents


MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX AND ESTATE TAX CONSEQUENCES
TO NON-U.S. HOLDERS

        The following is a summary of material U.S. federal income tax and estate tax consequences to non-U.S. holders relating to the ownership and disposition of our common stock issued pursuant to this offering, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all the potential tax considerations relating thereto. This summary is based upon the provisions of the Code, Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, administrative rulings and judicial decisions, all as in effect on the date hereof. These authorities may be changed, possibly retroactively, so as to result in U.S. federal income or estate tax consequences different from those set forth below. We have not sought any ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, with respect to the statements made and the conclusions reached in the following summary, and there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with such statements and conclusions.

        This summary also does not address the tax considerations arising under the laws of any non-U.S., state or local jurisdiction, or under U.S. federal gift and estate tax laws, except to the limited extent below. In addition, this discussion does not address tax considerations applicable to a non-U.S. holder's particular circumstances or to non-U.S. holders that may be subject to special tax rules, including, without limitation:

        If a partnership or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner generally will depend on the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. Accordingly, partnerships that hold our common stock, and partners in such partnerships, should consult their tax advisors.

        You are urged to consult your tax advisor with respect to the application of the U.S. federal income tax laws to your particular situation, as well as any tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock arising under the U.S. federal estate or gift tax rules or under the laws of any state, local, non-U.S. or other taxing jurisdiction or under any applicable tax treaty.


Table of Contents

Non-U.S. Holder Defined

        For purposes of this discussion, a non-U.S. holder is a beneficial owner of shares of our common stock that is not, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

Distributions

        If we make a distribution of cash or other property (other than certain pro rata distributions of our common stock) in respect of our common stock, the distribution will be treated as a dividend to the extent it is paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). If the amount of a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess first will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the non-U.S. holder's adjusted tax basis in our common stock, and thereafter will be treated as capital gain. Distributions treated as dividends on our common stock held by a non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30%, or at a lower rate if provided by an applicable income tax treaty and the non-U.S. holder has provided the documentation required to claim benefits under such treaty. Generally, to claim the benefits of an income tax treaty, a non-U.S. holder will be required to provide a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN.

        If, however, a dividend is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by the non-U.S. holder (and, if an applicable tax treaty so provides, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States), the dividend will not be subject to the 30% U.S. federal withholding tax (provided the non-U.S. holder has provided the appropriate documentation, generally an IRS Form W-8ECI, to the withholding agent), but the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in respect of the dividend on a net income basis, and at graduated rates, in substantially the same manner as U.S. persons. Dividends received by a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and which are effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business may also be subject to a branch profits tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower rate if provided by an applicable tax treaty).

        A non-U.S. holder that is eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. federal withholding tax under an income tax treaty may obtain a refund or credit of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for a refund together with the required information with the IRS.

Gain on Disposition of Common Stock

        Subject to the discussion below of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act, or FATCA, and backup withholding, a non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of our common stock unless:


Table of Contents

        A non-U.S. holder that is an individual and who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of such sale or disposition, if certain other conditions are met, will be subject to tax at a gross rate of 30% on the amount by which such non-U.S. holder's taxable capital gains allocable to U.S. sources, including gain from the sale or other disposition of our common stock, exceed capital losses allocable to U.S. sources, except as otherwise provided in an applicable income tax treaty.

        Gain realized by a non-U.S. holder that is effectively connected with such non-U.S. holder's conduct of a trade or business in the U.S. generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis, and at graduated rates, in substantially the same manner as a U.S. person (except as provided by an applicable tax treaty). In addition, if such non-U.S. holder is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it may also be subject to a branch profits tax at the rate of 30% (or a lower rate if provided by an applicable tax treaty).

        Generally, a corporation is a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of its worldwide real property interests and its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business (all as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). We do not expect to be treated as a USRPHC as of the date hereof; however, there can be no assurances that we are not now or will not become in the future a USRPHC. If, however, we were a USRPHC during the applicable testing period, as long as our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, our common stock will be treated as a U.S. real property interest only for a non-U.S. holder who actually or constructively holds (at any time within the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition or the non-U.S. holder's holding period) more than 5% of such regularly traded stock. Please note, though, that we can provide no assurance that our common stock will remain regularly traded.

Federal Estate Tax

        Our common stock beneficially owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident of the United States (as defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) at the time of death will generally be includable in the decedent's gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.

Recently Enacted Legislation Affecting Taxation of Our Common Stock Held By or Through
Foreign Entities

        Recently enacted legislation as partSections 1471 through 1474 of the Internal Revenue Code, the FATCA provisions, impose U.S. withholding taxes on certain types of payments made to certain foreign entities. Failure to comply with the additional certification, information reporting and other specified requirements imposed under FATCA could result in U.S. withholding tax being imposed on payments of dividend distributions and sales proceeds of common stock held by or through a foreign entity. Treasury Regulations provide that FATCA withholding generally will impose a U.S. federal withholding taxapply to (i) payments of 30% on dividends paiddividend distributions made after December 31, 2013 and theJune 30, 2014, (ii) gross proceeds from the sale, exchange or retirement of a disposition of our common stock paid after December 31, 2014,2016 and (iii) certain "foreign pass-thru payments" received with respect to acommon stock held through foreign financial institution unless such institution enters into an agreement withinstitutions after the U.S. Secretarylater of Treasury to withhold on certain payments and to collect and provide to the U.S. tax authorities substantial information regarding U.S. account holders of such institution (which includes certain equity and debt holders of such institution, as well as certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners). The legislation also will generally impose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on dividends paid after December 31, 20132016 and the gross proceeds of a disposition of our common stock paid after December 31, 2014, to a non-financial foreign entity unless such entity providesdate that final Treasury Regulations defining the withholding agent with a certification (i) that such entity does not have any "substantial United Statesterm "foreign pass-thru payments" are issued. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding FATCA and its effect on them.


Table of Contents

owners" or (ii) provides certain information regarding the entity's "substantial United States owners," which we will in turn provide to the U.S. Secretary of Treasury. Under certain circumstances, a non-U.S. holder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. Prospective investors are encouraged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible implications of this legislation on their investment in our common stock.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

        Generally, we must report annually to the IRS the amount of dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder, the non-U.S. holder's name and address, and the amount of tax withheld, if any. A similar report is sent to the non-U.S. holder. Pursuant to applicable income tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS may make these reports available to tax authorities in the non-U.S. holder country of residence.

        Payments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a non-U.S. holder may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the non-U.S. holder establishes an exemption, for example by properly certifying the non-U.S. holder's status on a Form W-8BEN or another appropriate version of IRS Form W-8. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding and information reporting may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the non-U.S. holder is a U.S. person.

        Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS in a timely manner.

        The preceding discussion of U.S. federal tax considerations is for general information only. It is not tax advice. Each prospective investor should consult its own tax advisor regarding the particular U.S. federal, state and local and non-U.S. tax consequences of purchasing, holding and disposing of our common stock, including the consequences of any proposed change in applicable laws.


Table of Contents


UNDERWRITING

        Under the terms and subject to the conditions in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and Jefferies & Company, Inc.LLC are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to them, the number of shares indicated below:

Name
 Number of Shares 

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

    

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. 

    

Jefferies LLC

Allen & Company Inc. LLC

    

RBC Capital Markets, LLC

    

Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated

    

William Blair & Company, L.L.C. 

    
    

Total

  4,500,0003,000,000 
    

        The underwriters and the representatives are collectively referred to as the "underwriters" and the "representatives," respectively. The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriters' over-allotment option to purchase additional shares described below. If an underwriter defaults, the underwriting agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the non-defaulting underwriters may be increased, or, in the case of a default with respect to the shares covered by the underwriters' over-allotmentoption to purchase additional shares described below, the underwriting agreement may be terminated.

        The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares of common stock directly to the public at the offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $            per share under the public offering price. Any underwriter may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a concession not in excess of $            per share to other underwriters or to certain dealers. After the initial offering of the shares of common stock, the offering price and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representatives.

        We and the selling stockholders have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to 675,000450,000 additional shares of common stock at the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase the same percentage of the additional shares of common stock as the number listed next to the underwriter's name in the preceding table bears to the total number of shares of common stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the preceding table.

        The following table shows the per share and total public offering price, underwriting discounts and commissions, and proceeds before expenses to us.us and to the selling stockholders. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise


Table of Contents

shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase up to an additional 675,000525,000 shares of common stock.


 
 Total 
 
 Per
Share
 No
Exercise
 Full
Exercise
 

Public offering price

 $  $  $  

Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by usby:

Us

$$$

The selling stockholders

 $  $  $  

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

 $  $  $  

Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling stockholders

$$$

        The estimated offering expenses payable by us, exclusive of the underwriting discounts and commissions, are approximately $4.4 million.$900,000.

        The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to discretionary accounts to exceed 5% of the total number of shares of common stock offered by them.

        Our common stock has been approved for listingis listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the trading symbol "SSTK".

        In connection with this offering, we and our directors and officers, and the holders of our outstanding stock and stock optionsselling stockholders have agreed or are otherwise subject to substantially the same contractual restrictions with us, that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. on behalf of the underwriters and subject to certain exceptions, we and they will not, during the period ending 18090 days after the date of this prospectus (or such earlier date or dates as agreed between us and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.):

        In addition, we and allour directors and officers, and the holders of our outstanding stock and stock optionsselling stockholders have agreed or are otherwise subject to substantially the same contractual restrictions with us, that, without the prior written consent of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. on behalf of the underwriters, and subject to certain exceptions, we and they will not, during the period ending 18090 days after the date of this prospectus (or such earlier date or dates as agreed between us and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.), file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares of common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock. The restrictions described in the preceding paragraph do not apply to:


Table of Contents

        The 180-day restricted period describedstock pursuant to which 66.67% of our then outstanding capital stock is sold or otherwise transferred, provided that in the preceding paragraphs will be extended if:

in which case the restrictions described in the preceding paragraph will continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

        In addition, each such person has agreed that it will not engage in any transaction that may be restricted during the 34-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day restricted period unless it requests and receives prior written confirmation from us or Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. that the restrictions described above have expired.

        In order to facilitate the offeringshares of our common stock pursuant to a trading plan established under Rule 10b5-1 under the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of our common stock. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot in connection with this offering, creating a short position in the common stock for their own accounts. In addition, to cover over-allotments or to stabilize the price of the common stock, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of common stock in the open market to stabilize the price of the common stock. Finally, the underwriting syndicate may reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing the common stock in this offering, if the syndicate repurchases previously distributed common stock in transactions to cover syndicate short positions, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the common stock above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the common stock. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.


Table of Contents

        The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repaysExchange Act prior to the underwritersdate hereof, provided that to the extent a portion ofpublic announcement or filing under the underwriting discount received by it becauseExchange Act, if any, is required regarding such transfer, such announcement or filing shall include a statement that such transfers were made pursuant to such a trading plan established prior to the representatives have repurchased shares sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.

date hereof.

        We and the underwritersselling stockholders have agreed to indemnify each otherthe underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make because of any of these liabilities.

        A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares of common stock to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters that may make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

        The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates have, from time to time, performed,


Table of Contents

and may in the future perform, various financial advisory and investment banking services for the issuer, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses.

        In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of the issuer. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

Pricing of the Offering

        Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiations between us and the representatives. Among the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price will be the future prospects and those of our industry in general, our revenue, earnings and certain other financial and operating information in recent periods, and the price-earnings ratios, price-sales ratios, market prices of securities, and certain financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours. The estimated initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this preliminary prospectus is subject to change as a result of market conditions and other factors. We cannot assure you that the prices at which the shares will sell in the public market after this offering will not be lower than the initial public offering price or that an active trading market in our common stock will develop and continue after this offering.

Reserved Shares

        At our request, the underwriters have reserved shares of common stock representing less than 0.5% of the offering for sale at the initial public offering price to one member of our board of directors. The number of shares of common stock available for sale to the general public will be reduced by the number of shares that we have allocated to this director. Any shares not purchased by this director will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as all other shares of common stock offered. We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities and expenses, including liabilities under the Securities Act, in connection with our instruction that the underwriters reserve these shares for


Table of Contents

sale to the director. The director who purchases these shares will remain subject to the 180-day lock-up period from the date of this prospectus, as described above.

Selling Restrictions

        In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive, each, a Relevant Member State, an offer to the public of any shares of our common stock may not be made in that Relevant Member State, except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any shares of our common stock may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:

        (a)   to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive;

        (b)   to fewer than 100 or, if the Relevant Member State has implemented the relevant provision of the 2010 PD Amending Directive, 150, natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted under the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or

        (c)   in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of shares of our common stock shall result in a requirement for the publication by us or any underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

        For the purposes of this provision, the expression an "offer to the public" in relation to any shares of our common stock in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares of our common stock to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any shares of our common stock, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, the expression "Prospectus Directive" means Directive 2003/71/EC (and amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member State), and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State, and the expression "2010 PD Amending Directive" means Directive 2010/73/EU.

        Each underwriter has represented and agreed that:

        (a)   it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the FSMA) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the shares of our common stock in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us; and

        (b)   it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the shares of our common stock in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.


Table of Contents


LEGAL MATTERS

        The validity of the common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, New York, New York.


EXPERTS

        The financial statements as of December 31, 2011 and 20102012 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20112012 included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.


WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

        We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to this offering of our common stock. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, some items of which are contained in exhibits to the registration statement as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information with respect to us and our common stock, we refer you to the registration statement, including the exhibits and the financial statements and notes filed as a part of the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus concerning the contents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, please see the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. The exhibits to the registration statement should be referenced for the complete contents of these contracts and documents. A copy of the registration statement, the exhibits and schedules thereto and any other document we file may be inspected without charge at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC in 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549 and copies of all or any part of the registration statement may be obtained from this office, at prescribed rates. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference rooms by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like us, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is www.sec.gov.

        As a result of this offering, we will becomeWe are subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act and, in accordance with this law, willare required to file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports, proxy statements and other information will beare available for inspection and copying at the SEC's public reference facilities and the website of the SEC referred to above. Shutterstock maintains a website at www.shutterstock.com. You may also access our periodic reports, proxy statements and other information free of charge at this website as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information on suchcontained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not incorporated by reference and is not part of this prospectus.


Table of Contents


INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


PageAudited Consolidated Financial Statements:

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 F-2

Consolidated Balance SheetsSheets—as of December 31, 2011 and 2012

 
F-3

Consolidated Statements of OperationsOperations—for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

 
F-4

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity / Members' DeficitDeficit—for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

 
F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash FlowsFlows—for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012

 
F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
F-7

Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements:

Consolidated Balance Sheets—as of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013 (unaudited)

F-34

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations—for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013

F-35

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013

F-36

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

F-37

Table of Contents


REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of ManagersDirectors and MembersStockholders of
of Shutterstock, Images LLC:Inc.:

        In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, of stockholders' equity/members' deficit and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Shutterstock, Inc. (formerly Shutterstock Images LLCLLC) and its subsidiaries at December 31, 20112012 and December 31, 2010,2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 20112012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

New York, New York
May 14, 2012March 1, 2013


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLC

INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



(In Thousands)thousands, except par value amount)


 December 31,  
  
 

 June 30,
2012
 Pro Forma
June 30,
2012
 

 2010 2011  December 31, 

  
  
 (unaudited)
  2011 2012 

ASSETS

  

Current assets:

  

Cash and cash equivalents

 $6,544 $14,097 $15,042 $15,042  $14,097 $102,096 

Credit card receivables

 703 964 1,488 1,488  964 1,373 

Accounts receivable, net

 350 647 823 823  647 1,738 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 365 1,554 3,592 3,592  1,554 2,008 

Deferred tax assets

 942 644 756 15,487  644 18,760 

Due from related party

 144 168    168  
              

Total current assets

 9,048 18,074 21,701 36,432  18,074 125,975 

Property and equipment, net

 1,703 3,844 5,479 5,479  3,844 5,255 

Intangible assets, net

 1,248 1,029 1,098 1,098  1,029 1,040 

Goodwill

 1,423 1,423 1,423 1,423  1,423 1,423 

Deferred tax assets

 13 58 101   58 13,239 

Other assets

 428 427 427 427 

Restricted cash

 427 182 
              

Total assets

 $13,863 $24,855 $30,229 $44,859  $24,855 $147,114 
              

LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE PREFERRED MEMBERS' INTEREST, MEMBERS' DEFICIT AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

  

Current liabilities:

  

Accounts payable

 $468 $1,838 $2,624 $2,624  $1,838 $2,606 

Accrued expenses

 6,532 10,875 12,472 12,472  10,875 15,606 

Contributor royalties payable

 3,959 5,261 6,321 6,321  5,261 6,984 

Income taxes payable

 316    

Deferred revenue

 19,631 28,451 33,626 33,626  28,451 37,934 

Distribution payable

    17,450 

Term loan facility

  6,000 

Other liabilities

 51 85 90 90  85 161 
              

Total current liabilities

 30,957 46,510 55,133 72,583  46,510 69,291 

Deferred tax liabilities, net

    600 

Other non-current liabilities

 398 2,548 4,668 191  2,548 889 
              

Total liabilities

 31,355 49,058 59,801 73,374  49,058 70,180 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)

 

Redeemable preferred members' interest

 36,811 33,725 29,937   33,725  

Members' deficit:

 

Stockholders' equity/members' deficit:

 

Common members' interest

 5,699 5,699 5,699   5,699  

Accumulated deficit

 (60,002) (63,627) (65,208)  

Common stock, $0.01 par value; no shares were authorized and outstanding as of December 31, 2011 200,000 shares authorized and 33,513 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2012;

  335 

Additional paid-in capital

  48,282 

Retained earnings/accumulated deficit

 (63,627) 28,317 
              

Total members' deficit

 (54,303) (57,928) (59,509)  

Total stockholders' equity/members' deficit

 (57,928) 76,934 
              

Stockholders' equity:

 

Common stock

    284 

Additional paid-in capital

    (25,727)

Retained earnings (deficit)

    (3,072)

Total stockholders' equity

    (28,515)

Total liabilities, redeemable preferred members' interest, members' deficit and stockholders' equity

 $13,863 $24,855 $30,229 $44,859 

Total liabilities, redeemable preferred members' interest, and stockholders' equity/members' deficit

 $24,855 $147,114 
              

   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLC

INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS



(In Thousands, Except For Share and Per Share Amount)Data)

 
 Year Ended December 31, Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
 
 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012 
 
  
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Revenue

 $61,099 $82,973 $120,271 $54,387 $78,199 

Operating expenses:

                

Cost of revenue

  21,826  32,353  45,504  21,156  30,103 

Sales and marketing

  10,949  17,820  31,929  13,836  23,127 

Research and development

  2,361  4,591  9,777  4,255  7,070 

General and administrative

  6,217  8,414  10,171  4,297  7,895 
            

Total operating expenses

  41,353  63,178  97,381  43,544  68,195 
            

Income from operations

  19,746  19,795  22,890  10,843  10,004 

Interest income

  5  19  10  7  5 
            

Income before income taxes

  19,751  19,814  22,900  10,850  10,009 

Provision for income taxes

  909  876  1,036  462  227 
            

Net income

 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $10,388 $9,782 
            

Pro forma income before provision for income taxes

       $23,365    $10,681 

Pro forma provision for income taxes

       $10,005    $4,662 

Pro forma net income

       $13,360    $6,019 

Pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock:

                

Basic (unaudited)

       $0.44    $0.20 

Diluted (unaudited)

       $0.44    $0.20 

Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock:

                

Basic (unaudited)

        30,480,415     30,497,718 

Diluted (unaudited)

        30,480,415     30,516,888 
 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Revenue

 $82,973 $120,271 $169,616 

Operating expenses:

          

Cost of revenue

  32,353  45,504  64,676 

Sales and marketing

  17,820  31,929  45,107 

Product development

  4,591  9,777  16,330 

General and administrative

  8,414  10,171  21,651 
        

Total operating expenses

  63,178  97,381  147,764 
        

Income from operations

  19,795  22,890  21,852 

Other income (expense), net

  19  10  (47)
        

Income before income taxes

  19,814  22,900  21,805 

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

  876  1,036  (25,738)
        

Net income

 $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 

Less:

          

Preferred interest distributed

  6,475  7,144  9,000 

Preferred interest accretion

  7,068  4,058   

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholder/members

  (3,659) (2,692) (4,086)
        

Net income available to common stockholders/members

 $9,054 $13,354 $42,629 
        

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders/members:

          

Distributed

 $0.94 $1.03 $1.14 

Undistributed

  (0.50) (0.39) 0.65 
        

Basic

 $0.44 $0.64 $1.79 
        

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders/members:

          

Distributed

 $0.94 $1.03 $1.13 

Undistributed

  (0.50) (0.39) 0.66 
        

Diluted

 $0.44 $0.64 $1.79 
        

Weighted average shares outstanding:

          

Basic

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,785,299 

Diluted

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,833,223 

   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLC

INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY/MEMBERS' DEFICIT



(In Thousands)Thousands, Except Share Data)


 Common
Members'
Interest
 Accumulated
Deficit
 Total Members'
Deficit
   
 Common Stock  
  
  
 

Balance at January 1, 2009

 $2,949 $(49,110)$(46,161)

Common members' distributions

  (15,375) (15,375)

Equity-based compensation

 1,833  1,833 

Preferred members' interest accretion

  (6,804) (6,804)

Net income

  18,842 18,842 
        Common
Membership
Capital
 Common Stock Additional
Paid-in Capital
 Accumulated Deficit/
Retained Earnings
  
 

Balance at December 31, 2009

 $4,782 $(52,447)$(47,665)

Common members' distributions

  (19,425) (19,425)

 Common
Membership
Capital
 Shares Amount Additional
Paid-in Capital
 Accumulated Deficit/
Retained Earnings
 Total 

Balance at January 1, 2010

  $)$(47,665)

Common members' distribution

     (19,425) (19,425)

Equity-based compensation

 917  917  917     917 

Preferred members' interest accretion

  (7,068) (7,068)     (7,068) (7,068)

Net income

  18,938 18,938      18,938 18,938 
                    

Balance at December 31, 2010

 $5,699 $(60,002)$(54,303) 5,699    (60,002) (54,303)

Common members' distributions

  (21,431) (21,431)

Common members' distribution

     (21,431) (21,431)

Preferred members' interest accretion

  (4,058) (4,058)      (4,058) (4,058)

Net income

  21,864 21,864       21,864 21,864 
                    

Balance at December 31, 2011

 $5,699 $(63,627)$(57,928) 5,699    (63,627) (57,928)

Common members' distributions (unaudited)

  (11,363) (11,363)

Net income (unaudited)

  9,782 9,782 

Common members' distribution

     (27,000) (27,000)

Conversion to corporation

 (5,699) 28,338,281 283 (36,114) 71,401 29,871 

Equity-based compensation

    7,558  7,558 

Issuance of common stock in connection with the initial public offering, net of issuance costs of $11,085

  5,175,000 52 76,838  76,890 

Net income

     47,543 47,543 
                    

Balance at June 30, 2012 (unaudited)

 $5,699 $(65,208)$(59,509)

Balance at December 31, 2012

 $ 33,513,281 $335 $48,282 $28,317 $76,934 
                    

   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLC

INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS



(In Thousands)


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
 

 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  Year Ended December 31, 

  
  
  
 (unaudited)
  2010 2011 2012 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

  

Net income

 $18,842 $18,938 $21,864 $10,388 $9,782  $18,938 $21,864 $47,543 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

  

Depreciation and amortization

 404 874 1,520 624 1,160  874 1,520 2,640 

Deferred taxes

 (234) (293) 253 162 (155) (293) 253 (31,300)

Non-cash equity-based compensation

 1,833 1,114 2,122 791 2,157 

Non-cash equity based compensation

 1,114 2,122 10,385 

Bad debt reserve

   256  50   256 326 

Chargeback reserve (recovery)

 (77)  40   

Chargeback reserve

  40  

Amortization of deferred financing fees

   41 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

  

Credit card receivable

 (78) (1) (261) (328) (524)

Credit card receivables

 (1) (261) (409)

Accounts receivable

  (350) (553) (198) (226) (350) (553) (1,417)

Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets

 (50) (170) (1,211) (540) (2,076) (170) (1,211) 113 

Due from member

  (47) (24) 22 168 

Due from related party

 (47) (24) 168 

Accounts payable and other liabilities

 2,393 2,200 5,735 2,298 2,351  2,200 5,735 6,238 

Contributors payable

 524 1,100 1,302 787 1,060 

Contributors royalties payable

 1,100 1,302 1,723 

Income taxes payable

 (342) (11) (316) (316)   (11) (316)  

Deferred revenue

 3,936 5,372 8,820 6,248 5,175  5,372 8,820 9,483 
                  

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $27,151 $28,726 $39,547 $19,938 $18,922  $28,726 $39,547 $45,534 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

  

Capital expenditures

 (747) (1,116) (3,442) (1,529) (2,671) (1,116) (3,442) (3,808)

Acquisition of patents

    (25) (193)

Security deposit receipt (payment)

  (103) 23 8 38 

Acquisition, net of cash

 (1,942)     

Acquisition of intangibles

   (254)

Security deposit (payment) receipt

 (103) 23 (197)
                  

Net cash used in investing activities

 $(2,689)$(1,219)$(3,419)$(1,546)$(2,826) $(1,219)$(3,419)$(4,259)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

  

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock in initial public offering

   81,811 

Proceeds from term loan facility

   12,000 

Payment of term loan facility

   (6,000)

Payment of term loan fee

   (166)

Payment of offering fees

   (4,921)

Members' distributions

 (20,500) (25,900) (28,575) (19,500) (15,151) (25,900) (28,575) (36,000)
                  

Net cash used in financing activities

 $(20,500)$(25,900)$(28,575)$(19,500)$(15,151)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

 3,962 1,607 7,553 (1,108) 945 

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

 $(25,900)$(28,575)$46,724 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

 1,607 7,553 87,999 

Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning

 975 4,937 6,544 6,544 14,097  4,937 6,544 14,097 
                  

Cash and cash equivalents—Ending

 $4,937 $6,544 $14,097 $5,436 $15,042  $6,544 $14,097 $102,096 
                  

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Information:

  

Cash paid for:

  

Income taxes

 $1,485 $1,180 $1,225 $926 $300  $1,180 $1,225 $4,845 

Interest

   $67 

Non-cash financing activities:

  

Preferred members' interest accretion

 $6,804 $7,068 $4,058 $3,493 $  $7,068 $4,058 $ 

   

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLC

INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Operations

        Shutterstock, Images LLCInc. (the "Company" or "Shutterstock") was organized as a New York limited liability company on January 16, 2007. The Company operates an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and videosvideo clips that companies use in their visual communication,communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. The Company licenses commercial digital contentimagery to its customers. Contributors upload their digital contentimagery to the Company's website in exchange for a royalty payment based on customer download activity. The Company maintains aits primary office location in New York City.

Principles of Consolidation

        The consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reorganization

        In May 2012, in connection with the filing of a registration statement for the Company's initial public offering (the "IPO"), Shutterstock Images LLC, a New York limited liability company (the "LLC") formed Shutterstock, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the LLC. On October 5, 2012, the LLC reorganized, by way of a merger of the LLC with and into Shutterstock. Inc. with Shutterstock, Inc. surviving in the merger (the "Reorganization"). In connection with this Reorganization, the preferred and common membership interests in the LLC, including any interests that vested upon the Reorganization, were exchanged for an aggregate of 28,338,281 shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock.

Initial Public Offering

        On October 16, 2012, the Company completed its IPO of 5,175,000 shares of common stock, including 675,000 shares sold as a result of the underwriters' exercise of their overallotment option, at a price of $17.00 per share. The IPO resulted in net proceeds to the Company of approximately $81,811 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, and before deducting total expenses incurred in connection with the offering of $4,927.

Use of Estimates

        The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the Company's management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. The Company evaluates its significant estimates on an ongoing basis, including, but not limited to allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, intangibles, non-cash equity based compensation, income tax provisions and for certain non-income tax accruals. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Sales and Use Taxes

        Amounts charged to customers or paid on behalf of customers related to sales taxes, value-added taxes and other usage taxes are classified net of revenue.

Concentration of Credit and Contributor Risk

        At certain times, the Company's cash balances with any one financial institution may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. The Company believes it mitigates its risk by depositing its cash balances with financial institutions of high quality.

        The Company's customers and contributors are located worldwide. The majority of the Company's customers purchase products by making electronic payments at the time of a transaction. The Company performs ongoing financial condition evaluations for its existing customers and performs credit evaluations for its new customers. Concentration of credit risk is limited due to the Company's large number of diversified customers. No single customer accounted for or exceeded 10% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 or 2012, respectively. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, no single customer accounted for or exceeded 10% of credit card receivables. As of December 31, 2011, four customers accounted for 56% of accounts receivable, and as of December 31, 2012, two customers accounted for 33% of accounts receivable. The customers that accounted for more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 accounted for less than 2% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

        No single contributor accounted for or exceeded 10% of contributor royalties for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

Fair Value Measurements

        The fair value framework under the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") guidance requires the categorization of assets and liabilities into three levels: Level 1—quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3—unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

        The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount for which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, deferred revenue, and term loan facility carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The Company currently has no other financial assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value.

        The Company's non-financial assets, which include property and equipment, intangibles and goodwill, are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, if certain triggering events occur, or if an annual impairment test is required and the Company is required to evaluate the non-financial asset for impairment, a resulting asset impairment would require that the non-financial asset be recorded at the fair value.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        The Company considers all highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. Cash primarily consists of balances in checking, savings and money market accounts, which are recorded at cost and approximate fair value and are considered a Level 1 measurement based on bank reporting.

Restricted Cash

        The Company's restricted cash relates to security deposits for leased office locations. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had $243 of restricted cash recorded in prepaid expenses and other current other assets that related to a leased office location that expires in 2013 and had $182 of restricted cash recorded in restricted cash that related to a leased office location that expires in 2015, respectively. The carrying value of restricted cash approximates fair value.

Credit Card Receivables

        The Company's credit card receivables represent amounts due from third party credit card processors. Such amounts generally convert to cash within three to five days with little or no default risk.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

        The Company's accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms, carried at their face value less an allowance for doubtful accounts if required. The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts based on the evaluation of the aging of its accounts receivable and on a customer-by-customer analysis of its high-risk customers. The Company's reserve contemplates its historical loss rate on receivables, specific customer situations and the economic environments in which the Company operates. As of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $256 and $249, respectively.

Offering Costs

        Offering costs consist of legal, accounting, consulting and filing fees related to the IPO. The deferred offering costs were offset against proceeds from the IPO upon the effectiveness of the IPO. As of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012, the Company deferred $511 and $0, respectively, of offering costs which are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

Deferred Financing Fees

        The Company defers and amortizes certain financing costs related to its term loan facility. These costs are deferred and amortized over the term of the debt period. As of December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2012, the deferred financing fees balance was $0 and $125, respectively, which is included in prepaid and other current assets. There was no amortization expense of deferred financing costs for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. Amortization of deferred financing costs amounted to $41 for the year ended December 31, 2012.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The useful lives are as follows:

Equipment3 years
Furniture and fixtures7 years
Purchased software3 years
Leasehold improvementsShorter of expected useful life or lease term

Capitalized Internal Use Software

        The Company accounts for the cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use of its application service by capitalizing qualifying costs, which are incurred during the application development stage, and amortizing them over the software's estimated useful life. Costs incurred in the preliminary and post-implementation stages of the Company's products are expensed as incurred. The amounts capitalized include external direct costs of services used in developing internal-use software and payroll and payroll-related costs of employees directly associated with the development activities. The Company amortizes capitalized software over the expected period of benefit, which is three years, beginning when the software is ready for its intended use. The Company had no amortized capital software expense for the year ended December 31, 2010. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company had gross capitalized costs of $459 and $605, respectively, which is included in property and equipment and amortization expense of $41 and $154, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expense. The Company's policy is to amortize such capitalized costs using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

        Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangibles subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet. There were no impairment charges in 2010, 2011 or 2012.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 of each fiscal year or more frequently if events occur or circumstances exist that indicate that the fair value of



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. Goodwill has been allocated to the Company's reporting units, for the purposes of preparing our impairment analyses, based on a specific identification basis. Based on the results of the goodwill impairment assessment as of October 1, 2012, the Company concluded that the fair value of its reporting unit is more than its carrying amount, and therefore no adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill was necessary. As a result of a combination of factors in the second quarter of 2012, the Company concluded that a triggering event had occurred in the Bigstockphoto, Inc. ("Bigstock") reporting unit indicating a potential impairment and a step 1 impairment test was performed as of June 30, 2012. As a result of performing the step 1 test for goodwill impairment in the second quarter of 2012, management concluded that the fair value of the Bigstock reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no requirement to perform step 2 of the analysis and it was concluded that there is no impairment of goodwill for the Bigstock reporting unit. There were no impairments of goodwill in any of the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 2, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for further discussion.

Revenue Recognition

        All revenue, net of refunds, is generated from the license of digital content through subscription or usage based plans. The Company's four plans are: subscription plans, On Demand plans, Pay As You Go, which was introduced in July 2011, and credit pack plans. The Company recognizes revenue when the following basic criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, performance or delivery of services has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company considers persuasive evidence of an arrangement to be an electronic order form, or a signed contract, which contains the fixed pricing terms. Performance or delivery is considered to have occurred upon either the ratable passage of time over the contract period, a usage basis or upon the expiration of a contract period for which there are unused downloads or credits. Collectability is reasonably assured since most of the Company's customers purchase products by making electronic payments at the time of a transaction with a credit card. The Company establishes a chargeback allowance based on factors surrounding historical credit card chargeback trends and other information. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company has recorded a chargeback allowance of $70 and $70, respectively, which is included in other liabilities. Collectability is assessed for customers who pay on credit based on a credit evaluation for new customers and transaction history with existing customers. Any cash received in advance of revenue recognition is recorded as deferred revenue.

        Subscription plans range in length from thirty days to one year. Subscription plan revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis using a daily convention method over the plan term. On Demand plans are for a one-year term and permit the customer to download up to a fixed number of digital content. On-demand revenues are recognized at the time the customer downloads the digital content on a per unit basis. Revenue related to unused digital content, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term. Pay As You Go plans provide for individual image download. The Company recognizes revenue as the customer downloads images. Credit-pack plans are generally for a one-year term and enable the customer to purchase a fixed number of credits which can then be utilized to pay for downloaded digital content. The number of credits utilized for each download depends on the digital content size and format. Credit-pack revenues are recognized based on customer usage on a per credit basis as digital content is downloaded. Revenue related to unused credits, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term. Most plans automatically renew at the end of the plan term unless the customer elects not to renew. The Company



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

recognizes revenue from its four types of plans on a gross basis in accordance with the authoritative guidance on principal-agent considerations as the Company is the primary obligor in the arrangement, has latitude in establishing the product's price, performs a detailed review of the digital content before accepting it to its collection to ensure it is of high quality before it may be purchased by our customers, can reject contributor's images in its sole discretion, and has credit risk.

        Customers typically pay in advance (or upon commencement of the term) via credit card, wire or check. Fees paid or invoiced in advance are deferred and recognized as described above. Customers that do not pay in advance are invoiced and are required to make payment under standard credit terms. The Company does not generally offer refunds or the right of return to customers. There are situations in which a customer may receive a refund which is determined on a case-by-case basis.

        The Company also licenses digital content to customers through third party resellers. The Company contracts with third party resellers around the world to access markets where the Company does not have a significant presence. Third party resellers sell the Company's products directly to end-user customers and remit a fixed amount to the Company based on the type of plan sold. The terms of the reseller program indicate that the third party reseller is the primary obligor to the end-user customer and bears the risks and rewards as principal in the transaction. In assessing whether the Company's revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis with respect to our reseller program, the Company followed the authoritative guidance in ASC 605-45Principal Agent Considerations. The Company recognizes revenue on a net basis in accordance with the type of plan sold, consistent with the plan descriptions above. The Company generally does not offer refunds or the right of return to resellers.

Cost of Revenue

        The Company's cost of revenue includes contributor royalties, credit card processing fees, image and video clip reviewer expenses, hosting and bandwidth expenses, amortization of content intangible assets, and depreciation of network equipment, which are the direct costs related to providing content to customers. Additionally, the Company includes an allocation of overhead costs primarily related to payroll, non-cash equity-based compensation, insurance, and facilities expenses based on headcount.

Contributor Royalties and Internal Sales Commissions

        Contributor royalties earned by a contributor are generally paid weekly or monthly once a customer has downloaded the contributor's digital content and the contributor's royalty account has reached a minimum dollar level. The Company expenses contributor royalties in the period during which a customer download occurs and includes the contributor royalties in cost of revenue.

        Internal sales commissions are generally paid in the month following collection or invoicing of the commissioned receivable. Internal sales commission expense is included in sales and marketing expense. Internal sales commissions are deferred and recognized over the expected future revenue stream which is generally up to twelve months. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the Company deferred $352, $651, and $2,023, respectively, in internal sales commissions which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and amortized $256, $597 and $1,649, respectively, in internal sales commission expense which is included in sales and marketing expense.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Research and Development

        The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred, except for costs that are capitalized for certain software development projects that have demonstrated technological feasibility. Research and development costs are primarily comprised of development personnel salaries, equipment costs as well as allocated occupancy costs and related overhead. For the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company did not capitalize any software costs and all research and development costs were expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company capitalized $25 and $146, respectively, which is included in total capitalized software costs included in property and equipment.

Advertising Costs

        The Company expenses the cost of advertising and promoting its products as incurred. Such costs totaled $13,547, $25,176, and $32,648 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, which are included in sales and marketing expense.

Deferred Rent

        The Company records rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. The difference between the rent expense recognized and the actual payments made in accordance with the lease agreement is recognized as a deferred rent liability on the Company's balance sheet. As of December 31, 2011, the Company has recorded a deferred rent balance of $198 which is included in other non-current liabilities. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has recorded a deferred rent balance of $122, of which $68 is included in other liabilities as it relates to a 2013 office lease expiration and $54 is included in other non-current liabilities.

Equity-Based Compensation

        Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under our Value Appreciation Rights Plan ("VAR Plan") in the form of value appreciation rights (the "VAR Plan awards"). Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur in order to trigger a payment with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the "2012 Plan").

        The Company measures and recognizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense for all equity-based payment awards made to employees based on estimated fair values. The value portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. For awards with a change of control condition, an evaluation is made at the grant date and future periods as to the likelihood of the condition being met. Compensation expense is adjusted in future periods for subsequent changes in the expected outcome of the change of control conditions until the vesting date. Forfeitures are



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

        The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and other equity-based awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, stock purchased pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("2012 ESPP") and the VAR Plan awards, which are discussed further in Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation.

        The determination of the grant date fair value using an option-pricing model requires judgment and as well as assumptions regarding a number of other complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Company's fair value of the common ownership interest pre-IPO, the Company's closing market price at the grant date post-IPO, the expected unit price volatility over the expected term of the awards, awards' exercise and cancellation behaviors, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividends, which are estimated as follows:



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model changes significantly, the fair value for future awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously. The awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, the 2012 ESPP and VAR Plan are subject to a time-based vesting requirement. The majority of stock option awards granted under the 2012 Plan vest over four years. The 2012 ESPP provides for purchase periods approximately every six months and a participant must be employed on the purchase date to participate in the 2012 ESPP. The VAR Plan awards had a condition that a change of control (as defined in the VAR Plan) must occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Company's Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. As of December 31, 2011, no equity-based compensation expense had been recognized with respect to the VAR Plan awards because the qualifying event had not occurred. As of December 31, 2010, there were no VAR Plan awards outstanding. As a result of the completion of the IPO, the Company began recording share-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of forfeitures, based on the grant date fair value of the VAR Plan awards that were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. as part of the Company's Reorganization.

        For any equity-based awards that qualified for liability classification pre-IPO, the Company has elected to use the intrinsic value method to value the common membership interest in accordance with authoritative guidance on stock compensation. See Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation, for further information.

Income Taxes

        The Company filed its income tax returns as a limited liability company and was taxed as a "pass through" partnership for federal and state income tax purposes for all periods prior to its Reorganization on October 5, 2012. For all periods prior to the Reorganization, the Company recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company's earnings. However, the Company was subject to taxation on allocable portions of its net income or other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

authorities in certain localities. The Company generally made monthly dividend distributions to its members under the terms of the LLC's operating agreement, subject to the Company's operating cash needs.

        Effective with the Reorganization, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense beginning October 6, 2012. As a result of this tax status change, the Company recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of approximately $28,811.

        The Company will file tax returns as a partnership for the period from January 1, 2012 through October 5, 2012 and will file tax returns as a corporation for the period from October 6, 2012 through December 31, 2012. Significant management judgment is required in projecting ordinary income/(loss) in order to determine the Company's estimated effective tax rate.

        The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits using a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company establishes reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. The Company records an income tax liability, if any, for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company's tax returns. To the extent that the assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The reserves are adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit or lapses in statutes of limitations. Any reserve for uncertain tax provisions is included in the income tax provision. Penalties and interest, if any, on uncertain tax positions are included in income tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company did not record any unrecognized tax benefits. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company recorded an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $60 and $745, respectively, for uncertain tax positions related to tax positions taken in prior years, a portion of which relates to tax refund claims. To the extent these unrecognized tax benefits are ultimately recognized, the Company's effective tax rate may be impacted in future periods.

        The Company recognizes interest expense and tax penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not accrue or pay any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012.

        The Company assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and determined that based on the available evidence, including a history of taxable income and estimates of future taxable income, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company will continue to evaluate its ability to realize deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates in future periods which may result in a change in the effective tax rate in a future year.

        The Company is subject to certain compliance requirements for non-income taxes, including payroll, value-added and sales-based taxes. Where appropriate, the Company has made accruals for these matters, which are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Net Income Per Share

        Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders/members by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company applies the two-class method for calculating and presenting income per share. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between shares of common stock and other participating securities based on their contractual participating rights to share in the earnings as if all of the earnings for the period have been distributed. Participating securities are defined as securities that participate in dividends with common stock according to a pre-determined formula or a contractual obligation to share in the income of the entity. Any potential issuance of common shares, including those that are contingent and do not participate in dividends, are excluded from weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Undistributed net income (loss) for a given period is apportioned to participating members based on the weighted-average number of each class of securities outstanding during the applicable period as a percentage of the combined weighted-average number of these securities outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders/members is computed by deducting dividends paid to preferred members, accretion to redemption value on preferred members shares, less income allocated to participating securities including unvested shares for the restricted award holder since these unvested shares have participating rights. See Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation, for further discussion.

        Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders/members adjusted for any changes in income that would result from the assumed conversion of the potential common shares by the weighted average common shares outstanding and all potential common shares, if they are dilutive. The Company had no assumed shares available to purchase for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. Diluted net income available to common stockholders/members for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes the effect of 1,789,318 shares to purchase, while 106,500 shares to purchase were excluded since they were anti-dilutive.

        A reconciliation of assumed exercised shares used in calculating basic and diluted income (loss) share available to common stockholders/members follows:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Basic

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,785,299 

Stock options and employee stock purchase plan shares

      47,924 

Unvested restricted stock awards

       
        

Diluted

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,833,223 
        

Segment Reporting

        The Company has identified four operating segments. These four operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment based on the aggregation criteria within the authoritative guidance on segment reporting. The Company considered the similarity of the product sold, the distribution processes involved, targeted customers, and economic characteristics among the four operating segments in its aggregation criteria evaluation. The operating segments share operational support functions such as



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

sales, marketing, public relations, various research and development and engineering support, in addition to the general and administrative functions of human resources, legal, finance and information technology.

        The following represents our geographic revenue based on customer location:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

North America

 $28,631 $40,536 $59,963 

Europe

  33,796  47,967  62,943 

Rest of the world

  20,546  31,768  46,710 
        

Total revenue

 $82,973 $120,271 $169,616 
        

        Included in North America is the United States which comprises 31%, 30%, and 32% of total revenue for years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. No other country accounts for more than 10% of the Company's revenue in any period. All long-lived assets are located in North America.

Foreign Currency Transactions

        The Company has determined that the U.S. Dollar is its functional currency worldwide and therefore does not have any foreign currency translation adjustment. The Company does provide for customers in select countries to pay for licenses in local currency. These local currency payments are converted into U.S. Dollars at the rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Any refund for these transactions could result in a foreign currency transaction gain or loss depending on the movement of the foreign currency between the purchase date and the refund date. During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the Company's foreign currency transaction activity was immaterial to the financial statements.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

        Comprehensive income (loss) includes certain changes in stockholders' equity that are excluded from net income (loss) such as cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities. The Company's net income equals comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012.

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Updates

        None of the recently issued accounting standard updates are expected to have a material impact.

(2) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        The Company's goodwill balance is attributable to its Bigstock reporting unit and is tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 or upon a triggering event. There have been no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill through December 31, 2012.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Continued)

        Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 
 As of December 31, 2011 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

             

Customer relationship

 $600 $(338)$262  4 

Trade name

  400  (64) 336  14 

Contributor content

  450  (68) 382  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (75) 25  3 

Domain name

  25  (1) 24  15 
           

Total

 $1,575 $(546)$1,029    
           


 
 As of December 31, 2012 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

             

Customer relationship

 $600 $(486)$114  4 

Trade name

  400  (91) 309  14 

Contributor content

  450  (98) 352  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (100)   3 

Domain name

  86  (3) 83  15 

Patents

  193  (11) 182  17 
           

Total

 $1,829 $(789)$1,040    
           

        During 2011, the Company acquired a domain name for $25 which is being amortized over fifteen years. During the first quarter of 2012, the Company acquired patents for $193, which will be amortized over sixteen to nineteen years. The patents were put into service in April 2012. During the third and fourth quarters of 2012, the Company acquired domain names for $10 and $50, respectively. These domain names were put into service in the same periods of purchase and will be amortized over fifteen years. Amortization expense related to the intangible assets was $242, $244 and $243 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. The Company also determined that there was no indication of impairment for the intangible assets for all periods presented. Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is: $191 in 2013, $78 in each fiscal year 2014 through 2017 and $537 thereafter.

        Based on a combination of factors that occurred in the second quarter of 2012 within the Company's Bigstock reporting unit, primarily a change in financial projections and business strategy including the re-allocation of certain technology-related personnel to a different reporting unit and a shift in marketing strategy, management concluded that a triggering event had occurred indicating potential impairment in the Bigstock reporting unit, and accordingly performed a step 1 impairment test based on ASC 350,Intangibles—Goodwill and Other.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Continued)

        The Company performed its annual assessment on October 1, 2012. The Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow projection (also referred to as the income approach). The income approach uses a reporting unit's projection of estimated future operating results and cash flows discounted to a net present value. The Company's significant assumptions utilized in the income approach included estimated weighted-average cost of capital from a market participant point of view, projected revenues and operating expenditures which take into account expected operating margin efficiencies gained through cost reduction strategies, projected capital expenditures, and projected working capital changes. The projections were based on management's best estimates of economic and market conditions over the projected period. The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions it believes to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Future changes to the projected financial information or other significant assumptions including the weighted-average cost of capital could have a negative result on the Bigstock reporting unit's fair value.

        As a result of performing the step 1 tests for goodwill impairment, management concluded that the fair value of the Bigstock reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no requirement to perform step 2 of the analysis and it was concluded that there is no impairment of goodwill for the Bigstock reporting unit. Long-lived assets held in the Bigstock reporting unit were also tested for recoverability in the second quarter of 2012, as a result of the triggering event, and no impairment was identified.

(3) Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment is summarized as follows:

 
 December 31, 
 
 2011 2012 

Computer equipment and software

 $5,537 $8,971 

Furniture and fixtures

  522  806 

Leasehold improvements

  395  484 
      

Property and equipment

  6,454  10,261 

Less accumulated depreciation

  (2,610) (5,006)
      

Property and equipment, net

 $3,844 $5,255 
      

        Depreciation expense amounted to $632, $1,276, and $2,397, for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Depreciation expense is included in cost of revenue and general and administrative expense based on the nature of the asset.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(4) Accrued Expenses

        Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

 
 December 31, 
 
 2011 2012 

Royalty tax withholdings

 $4,126 $4,644 

Professional fees

  1,332  469 

Non-income taxes

  1,742  3,567 

Accrued compensation

  2,391  4,246 

Accrued marketing

  183  588 

Other accrued expenses

  1,101  2,092 
      

Total accrued expenses

 $10,875 $15,606 
      

(5) Income Taxes

        The following table summarizes the consolidated provision for income taxes:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Current:

          

Federal provision

 $ $ $4,329 

State & local provision

  1,169  723  1,233 

Deferred:

          

Federal (benefit)

      (29,772)

State & local (benefit) provision

  (293) 253  (1,528)
        

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 $876 $976 $(25,738)
        

        The provision for income taxes differs from statutory income tax rate as follows:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

U.S. income tax at federal statutory rate

  % % 35.00%

State and local taxes, net of federal benefit

  4.00% 4.00% 2.84%

Benefit from change in tax status

  % % (31.36)%

LLC income not subject to federal and state tax

  % % (131.83)%

Non-deductible—restricted stock

  % % 7.25%

Non-deductible—other

  0.40% 0.50% 0.34%
        

Total provision (benefit) for income taxes

  4.40% 4.50% (117.76)%
        

        Effective with the Reorganization, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense beginning October 6, 2012. As a result of this tax status change, the Company recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of approximately $28,811.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(5) Income Taxes (Continued)

        The Company's tax effects of temporary differences and tax carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets are presented below:

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
 2011 2012 

Deferred tax assets:

       

Deferred revenue

 $547 $14,237 

Intangible amortization

    14,861 

Non-income tax reserve

  91  2,576 

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  60  1,136 

Other liabilities

  10  384 
      

Net deferred tax assets

  708  33,194 

Deferred tax liabilities:

       

Depreciation and amortization

  (6) (1,195)
      

Net deferred tax assets

 $702 $31,999 
      

        The following table summarizes changes to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits as follows:

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
 2011 2012 

Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at January 1

 $ $60 

Gross additions for tax positions for prior years

    18 

Gross additions for tax positions for current year

  60  727 

Gross expirations

     

Gross settlements

     
      

Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31

 $60 $805 
      

        There was no unrecognized tax benefit recorded during the year ended December 31, 2010. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits is included in other non-current liabilities. The Company has no on-going tax examinations. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal or state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2008. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its uncertain tax positions through the next fiscal year.

(6) Term Loan Facility

        On September 21, 2012, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank providing for a $12,000 term loan facility, which the Company refers to as the term loan facility. The Company will use the net proceeds from the term loan facility for working capital and general business purposes. The term loan facility provides for a term loan of $12,000 and matures on the earlier of (i) September 21, 2013 and (ii) the date on which such facility is accelerated following the occurrence of an event of default. The term loan facility provides for interest on the term loan, at the Company's option, at the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal minus 0.75%, or a LIBOR-based rate plus a margin of 2.00%. The Company generally selects the one-month LIBOR-based rate. On February 21, 2013, the



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(6) Term Loan Facility (Continued)

Company selected the one-month LIBOR-based rate in connection with the reset of its term loan facility. The newly selected rate expires on March 21, 2013 at which time the Company can select a new interest rate option. On December 24, 2012, the Company paid down $6,000 of the term loan facility.

        The term loan facility includes financial covenants of a minimum EBITDA determined quarterly, measured on a trailing 12 month basis and a minimum liquidity requirement. The term loan also includes customary negative and affirmative covenants including, among others, limitations on the Company's ability to: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) create liens; (iii) make certain investments, loans and advances; (iv) sell assets; (v) pay dividends or make distributions or other restricted payments; (vi) engage in mergers or consolidations (other than the Reorganization); or (vii) change its business.

        Amounts under the term loan facility may become due upon certain events of default including, among others, failure to comply with the term loan facility's covenants, bankruptcy, default on certain other indebtedness or a change in control. The default rate under the term loan facility is an additional 2.00% per annum over the otherwise applicable rate. All obligations under the term loan facility are secured by substantially all of the Company's assets, other than its intellectual property.

        At December 31, 2012, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants and other covenants applicable to it under the term loan facility and the outstanding term loan facility balance was $6,000. At December 31, 2012, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $3, which is included in accrued expenses at December 31, 2012.

        The Company capitalizes costs directly associated with acquiring third party financing. Deferred financing costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis as interest expense over the term of the related indebtedness. In cases where amounts borrowed are paid in advance, financing costs related to the amount borrowed are accelerated. As of December 31, 2012, deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization were $125.

(7) Commitments and Contingencies

        The Company leases facilities under agreements accounted for as operating leases. Rental expense for operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012 was approximately $872, $1,113 and $1,799, respectively. Some leases have defined escalating rent provisions, which are expensed over the term of the related lease on a straight-line basis commencing with the date of possession. Any rent allowance or abatement is netted in this calculation. All leases require payment of real estate tax and operating expense increases.

        Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2012 are as follows:

Year Ending December 31
 Operating Leases 

2013

 $1,669 

2014

  418 

2015

  209 

2016

   

Thereafter

   
    

Total minimum lease payments

 $2,296 
    


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(7) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Capital Expenditures

        For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company spent approximately $1,900 and $2,575, respectively, for servers and related hardware to accommodate increased business volume. The additions are included in "Assets—Property and equipment, net" on the balance sheet. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had no significant committed purchases related to data server equipment.

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

        As of December 31, 2012, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations in the amount of $3,409, which consisted primarily of contracts related to infrastructure services and contractual commitments for software licenses and marketing services. As of December 31, 2012, the Company's unconditional purchase obligations for the years ending December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are $2,274, $943 and $192, respectively.

Legal Matters

        From time to time, the Company may become party to litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes with respect to these matters and determines loss contingency assessments on a gross basis after assessing the probability of incurrence of a loss and whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, the Company considers other relevant factors that could impact its ability to reasonably estimate a loss. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analyzing each matter. The Company's reserves may change in the future due to new developments or changes in strategy in handling these matters. Although the results of litigation and threats of litigation, investigations and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. The Company currently has no reserves related to such litigation, and no active litigation matters. In addition, the Company receives, from time to time, inquiries related to potential intellectual property infringement matters. To date, the outcome of these inquiries has not had a material impact on the Company's operations or financial results.

Indemnifications

        In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which it agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of Company's intellectual property warranties for damages to the customer directly attributable to the Company's breach. The Company is not responsible for any damages, costs, or losses to the extent such damages, costs or losses arise as a result of the modifications made by the customer, or the context in which an image is used. The standard maximum aggregate obligation and liability to any one customer for all claims is limited to $10. The Company offers certain of its customers greater levels of indemnification, including unlimited indemnification. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company has recorded no liabilities related to indemnification obligations in accordance with the authoritative guidance for loss contingencies. Additionally, the Company believes that it has the appropriate insurance coverage in place to adequately cover such indemnification obligations, if necessary.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(7) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements

        The Company has entered into employment arrangements and indemnification agreements with certain executive officers and with certain employees. The agreements specify various employment-related matters, including annual compensation, performance incentive bonuses, and severance benefits in the event of termination with or without cause. The Company's employment agreement between the former Bigstock owner and the Company expired in 2010.

(8) Employee Benefit Plans

        The Company previously maintained a Simple IRA plan ("IRA Plan") that covered all eligible employees. The plan was implemented on June 7, 2007. The Company provided for annual discretionary employer matching contributions not to exceed 3% of employees' compensation for the year. Matching contributions were fully vested and non-forfeitable.

        The Company terminated the IRA Plan on December 31, 2010 and replaced it with a 401(k) defined contribution plan ("401(k) Plan"). Similar to the IRA Plan, the Company provides for annual discretionary employer matching contributions not to exceed 3% of employees' compensation for the year. Matching contributions also are fully vested and non-forfeitable.

        The Company recorded $77, $221 and $412 of employer matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively.

(9) Equity-Based Compensation

2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan

        On October 10, 2012, the Company's 2012 Plan became effective. The 2012 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to Company employees, and for the grant of non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares to employees, directors and consultants. The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2012 Plan is 6,750,000 shares of common stock. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2012 Plan will be increased annually commencing January 1, 2013 by an amount equal to the lesser of 1,500,000 shares of common stock, 3% of the outstanding shares of common stock as of the last day immediately preceding fiscal year, or such other amount as determined by the Company's board of directors. Any awards issued under the 2012 Plan that are forfeited by the participant, will become available for future grant under the 2012 Plan. In connection with the Company's reorganization to a corporation, the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Plan.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

        On October 10, 2012, the Company's 2012 ESPP became effective. The 2012 ESPP provides participating employees with the option to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of eligible compensation and a maximum purchase of 1,000 shares during each offering period. The common stock is purchased at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of common stock on (1) the first trading day of the offering period, or (2) the last day of the offering period. The offering periods generally start on the first trading day on or after June 1 and December 1 of each year; however, the first such offering period commenced on October 10, 2012, the date the Company's Registration Statement was declared effective. An employee will not be granted rights to purchase common stock if an employee



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

immediately after the grant would own stock possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of the Company's capital stock or holds rights to purchase stock under all of the Company's employee stock purchase plans that would accrue at a rate that exceeds $25 worth of stock for each calendar year. The Company has reserved 2,000,000 shares for issuance under the 2012 ESPP. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2012 ESPP provides for an annual increase commencing January 1, 2013 by an amount equal to the lesser of 1,000,000 shares of common stock, 3% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of the last day immediately preceding fiscal year, or such other amount as determined by the Company's board of directors. As of December 31, 2012, no shares had been issued under the 2012 ESPP.

        The Company estimates the fair value of purchase rights under the 2012 ESPP using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of each purchase right under the 2012 ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the straight-line attribution approach with the following weighted-average assumptions:


Period from
October 10, 2012
to
December 31, 2012

Expected term (in years)

0.64

Volatility

49%

Risk-free interest rate

0.15%

Dividend yield

        There was no non-cash stock-based compensation in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. The Company has recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $134, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Value Appreciation Rights Plan

        Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under its VAR Plan in the form of value appreciation rights. Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. For the convenience of communicating the issuance of VAR Plan awards to employees, the BOM designated a total of 3,000,000 notional units for the VAR Plan to represent 10% of the Company's overall interest. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. Payment could occur in the form of cash, units or other securities at the discretion of the BOM and are equal to the appreciation in value over the participant's grant date price. The determination of the type of payment was subject to the discretion of the Company and not the holder. Additionally, the Company has never settled any VAR units with cash. As a result, the VAR units were accounted for as equity awards. Given the change-of-control condition, there was no equity-based compensation charge recorded for the year ended December 31, 2011. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Plan.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The Company's VAR Plan awards were made in the form of notional units and were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. upon the Reorganization. The following is a summary of these awards and weighted average exercise price per option/notional unit:

 
 Plan
Options/Units
 Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 

Units outstanding at December 31, 2010

   $ 

Units granted

  1,370,500  15.08 

Units exercised

     

Units cancelled or forfeited

  (26,000) 14.21 
      

Units outstanding at December 31, 2011

  1,344,500 $15.10 

Options/Units granted

  418,000  19.38 

Options/Units exercised

     

Options/Units cancelled or forfeited

  (70,218) 21.15 
      

Options outstanding at December 31, 2012

  1,692,282 $16.11 
      

        As of December 31, 2011, no VAR Plan notional units were exercised or exercisable as no qualifying event had occurred. As of December 31, 2012, no options were exercised. The intrinsic value of the VAR Plan notional units outstanding at December 31, 2011 and the total stock options at December 31, 2012 was approximately $2,100 and $16,700, respectively. No stock options or VAR Plan notional units expired during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012. The following is a summary of the Company's non-vested stock options/VAR Plan notional units:

 
 Plan
Options/Units
 Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 

Unvested units at December 31, 2010

   $ 

Units granted

  1,370,500  5.11 

Units vested

     

Units cancelled or forfeited

  (26,000) 4.83 
      

Units outstanding at December 31, 2011

  1,344,500 $5.48 

Options/Units granted

  418,000  8.73 

Options/Units vested

  (435,939) 5.29 

Options/Units cancelled or forfeited

  (70,218) 8.08 
      

Unvested options at December 31, 2012

  1,256,343 $6.58 
      


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The following weighted average assumptions were used in the fair value calculation for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 
 Year Ended
December 31, 2011
 Year Ended
December 31, 2012

Expected term (in years)

     5.5–6.6     5.2–6.3

Volatility

  44%–47%            49%

Risk-free interest rate

 1.4%–2.9% 1.0%–1.6%

Dividend yield

              0%              0%

        Following the Reorganization, the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of the Company's common stock having the same time-based vesting schedules, which range from one to six years. The VAR Plan awards that were granted and outstanding as of the Reorganization date were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. As a result of the Reorganization, the Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $2,412, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with a one-time acceleration charge as a result of the removal of the change of control condition. Since the Reorganization through December 31, 2012, the Company has also recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $618, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with the normal service vesting of stock options.

        As of December 31, 2012, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to 2012 Plan non-vested options is approximately $7,300, which is expected to be recognized through fiscal year 2017.

Profits Interest Awards

        On June 7, 2007, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with an executive of the Company whereby the executive received an 8.5% membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered over a thirty-six month period starting on July 1, 2007. The Company recorded a compensation charge of $917, which is included in general and administrative, during the year ended December 31, 2010, related to this membership interest award based upon the award's fair market value on the date of grant. There was no compensation charge recorded during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 as the executive was fully vested as of December 31, 2010.

        On November 1, 2007, the Company entered into a Profits Interest Grant and Repurchase Agreement (a "Profits Interest Agreement") with an employee of the Company whereby the employee received a 0.4% membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered over a forty-eight month period starting on January 1, 2008. The Profits Interest Agreement terms stipulated that the executive would have no rights to allocations or distributions relating to the Company's operating profits. Only upon a Liquidation of the Company, as defined in the Company's operating agreement, would the executive be entitled to operating profits of the Company. In connection with the Reorganization, this membership interest in the LLC was exchanged for shares of the Company's stock, which do not contain a liquidation condition. The award was determined to meet the characteristics of an equity-based award and was measured at fair value on the grant date. Based on the evaluation of the change of control condition in effect on the grant date and through each subsequent reporting period as to the probability that the change of control condition will be achieved, the Company did not record a compensation charge for this award



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. Upon consummation of the Reorganization and in connection with the removal of the change of control condition from the Profits Interest Agreement entered with the Company employee, the award was considered vested and the Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $509, which is included in general and administrative expense, during the year ended December 31, 2012. There is no unrecognized compensation charge at December 31, 2012 related to this award.

Restricted Stock Award

        On August 17, 2010, the Company entered into a Profits Interest Agreement with an executive whereby the Company issued a membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered. The Profits Interest Agreement terms stipulated that the executive would have no rights to allocations or distributions relating to the Company's operating profits. Only upon a Liquidation of the Company, as defined in the Company's operating agreement, would the executive be entitled to operating profits of the Company. In connection with the Reorganization, this membership interest in the LLC was exchanged for restricted and unrestricted shares of the Company's stock, which did not contain a liquidation condition. The Profits Interest Agreement was effective as of April 5, 2010 and entitled the executive to an aggregate amount of 4% of any liquidation of the Company's in excess of $300,000. The Profits Interest Grant was to vest over a six year period. The Profits Interest Agreement also contained a put feature whereby the executive had the option to put back to the Company up to 10% annually of any vested portion of the membership interest at the fair value on the date the executive would sell the vested interest back to the Company. Since the put feature did not subject the executive to the typical risks of stock ownership, the membership interest was classified as a liability and recorded utilizing the intrinsic method. The Company's process for determining the fair value of the awards included consideration of third party valuation reports and the fair value determined served as the basis for calculating the compensation charge. The Company recorded a compensation charge of $197, $2,122, and $2,827, which is included in general and administrative expense, during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. This liability was re-measured each reporting period until a Liquidation occurred. As of December 31, 2011, the liability charge was included in other non-current liabilities. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the vested portion of the profits interest was exchanged for shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. and the liability in the amount of $5,147 was re-classed to equity. The unvested portion was exchanged for shares of restricted stock having the same vesting terms as the profits interest. The Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Agreement entered into by the Company with the executive governs the terms of the restricted stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Agreement, 50% of the then-outstanding shares of restricted stock held by the executive vested and were released from the Company's right to acquire such shares upon the effectiveness of the Company's Registration Statement on October 10, 2012. The Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $3,627, which is included in general and administrative expense, in connection with a one-time acceleration charge for the vesting of 50% of the unvested portion of the restricted stock award based on the exchange date fair value. Additionally, the Company recorded a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $258, which is included in general and administrative expense, since the Reorganization date through December 31, 2012 as a result of the restricted stock's normal service vesting.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        As of December 31, 2012, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to the restricted stock is $3,368, which is expected to be recognized through fiscal 2016.

        The following table summarizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense included in the Company's statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Cost of revenue

 $ $ $219 

Sales and marketing

      783 

Product development

      1,696 

General and administrative

  1,114  2,122  7,687 
        

Total

 $1,114 $2,122 $10,385 
        

(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity

Common Members' Equity

        Prior to the Reorganization, common members' equity consisted of common membership interests. Only certain members had voting rights as designated in the LLC's Operating Agreement with respect to any action presented for a vote of the Company's members and only certain members were entitled to profits interest distributions from the Company's earnings. Common membership was not transferable without prior consent from the Company's BOM.

Redeemable Preferred Members' Equity

        On June 6, 2007, prior to the Reorganization, the Company's then sole stockholder sold 25% of the common members' equity to outside investors for an aggregate purchase price of $60,000. On February 28, 2008, the outside investors paid a purchase price adjustment in the amount of $1,800 to the selling member as a result of the Company achieving an EBITDA Target as defined in the purchase agreement. The outside investors had the same rights and terms as common members' equity holders except for a liquidation preference and a put preference. The put preference provided the outside investors with the option to redeem their investment for cash with proper notice to the Company on June 6, 2011 or thereafter. The Company treated this transaction as an equity modification. As a result, the Company recorded the change in the fair value of the 25% interest immediately prior to and after the modification of the equity interest as a deemed dividend and charged it against common members' deficit on the modification date. The Company accreted the difference between the carrying value of the preferred membership interest and the redemption value by applying the effective interest method. The Company concluded that the preferred interest possessed characteristics and risks more similar to equity and classified such instrument outside of common members' equity. Since the preferred members had the option to redeem their investment for cash with proper notice to the Company on June 6, 2011 or thereafter, the Company recorded the transaction outside of common members' equity. The purchase



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity (Continued)

agreement also provided for the reduction of preferred interests for any distributions paid to the preferred holders. A summary of the Company's preferred members' interest account activity is as follows:

 
 Balance 

Balance as of December 31, 2009

 $36,218 

Preferred interest accretion

  7,068 

Distributions

  (6,475)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2010

  36,811 

Preferred interest accretion

  4,058 

Distributions

  (7,144)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2011

  33,725 

Distributions

  (9,000)

Exchanged(1)

  (24,725)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2012

 $ 
    

(1)
Balance exchanged from redeemable preferred members' interest to stockholders' equity upon consummation of the Reorganization

        As of the Reorganization date, the outside investors did not exercise this put preference, therefore, the entire redeemable preferred membership interests in the LLC were exchanged for shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock.

Common Stock

        In connection with the Reorganization, the common and redeemable preferred membership interests in the LLC, including any interests that vested upon the Reorganization, were exchanged for shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to the prior distribution rights of any outstanding preferred stock. The common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. The outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. Under the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which became effective upon completion of the IPO, the Company's certificate of incorporation authorized 200,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value common stock.

Preferred Stock

        Under the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which became effective upon completion of the IPO, the Company's board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value, in one or more series. The



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity (Continued)

board of directors also has the authority to designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of each such series, including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series.

        The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Shutterstock without further action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may also adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock. In certain circumstances, an issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has not issued and has no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.

Distributions to Members

        In accordance with the LLC's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, prior to the Reorganization, cash distributions to the members were based on their respective percentage interests to the extent cash was available as determined by the board. Distributions were also limited to the extent that liabilities, excluding any owed to the members, exceeded fair market value of the LLC 's assets. Upon a dissolution event of the LLC, any assets were to be distributed 1) to creditors, including members who are creditors, by payment or provision for payment of the debt and liabilities of the LLC and the expenses of the liquidation; 2) to the setup of any reserves that are reasonably necessary for any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of the LLC; 3) to the preferred members until they have received distributions which, when aggregated with all prior distributions made to them equal their liquidation preference; 4) to Pixel Holdings Inc., which was the LLC's majority member, until such time that it has received distributions equal to the liquidation preference paid to the preferred members; 5) 75% to the common member with 8.5% membership interest, and 25% to the preferred members, until the aggregate amount of the distributions made to the 8.5% membership interest holder equals the product of $120,000 multiplied by their vested percentage; and 6) to the members in proportion to their percentage interests. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the LLC distributed $25,900, $28,575, and $36,000, respectively, to its common and preferred members. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the LLC's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement terminated.

(11) Related Parties

        Historically, customers have inadvertently sent payment for purchased subscriptions to Pixel Holdings Inc., which is wholly owned by the Company's majority stockholder. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with its revenue recognition policy and collects the receivable from Pixel Holdings Inc. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, uncollected payments were $168 and $0, respectively, and are included in due from related party.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(12) Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data

        The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the Company's financial information for the eight most recent quarters ended December 31, 2012. In the Company's opinion, this unaudited information has been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited information for the periods presented.

 
 Three Months Ended 
 
 Mar. 31,
2011
 June. 31,
2011
 Sept. 30,
2011
 Dec. 31,
2011
 Mar. 31,
2012(1)
 June 30,
2012(1)
 Sept. 30,
2012(1)
 Dec. 31,
2012(2)
 
 
 (unaudited)
 

Revenue

 $25,475 $28,912 $31,156 $34,728 $37,574 $40,625 $42,260 $49,157 

Operating expenses:

                         

Cost of revenue

  10,179  10,977  11,373  12,975  14,389  15,436  16,057  18,794 

Sales & marketing

  6,961  6,875  8,493  9,600  12,240  11,093  9,752  12,022 

Product development

  1,887  2,368  2,811  2,711  3,419  3,441  3,795  5,675 

General and administrative

  2,012  2,285  2,539  3,335  3,732  4,445  3,765  9,709 
                  

Total operating expenses

  21,039  22,505  25,216  28,621  33,780  34,415  33,369  46,200 
                  

Income from operations

  4,436  6,407  5,940  6,107  3,794  6,210  8,891  2,957 

Other income (expense), net

  6  1  1  2  3  2  (3) (49)
                  

Income before income taxes

  4,442  6,408  5,941  6,109  3,797  6,212  8,888  2,908 

Provision (benefit) for income tax

  189  273  253  321  86  141  146  (26,111)
                  

Net income

  4,253  6,135  5,688  5,788  3,711  6,071  8,742  29,019 

Less:

                         

Preferred interest distributed

  1,875  3,000  1,312  956  2,100  1,688  2,263  2,950 

Preferred interest accretion

  1,763  1,730  565           

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholders/members

  (1,253) (1,899) (31) 491  (1,172) (170) (77) (2,668)
                  

Net income available to common stockholders/members

 $1,868 $3,304 $3,842 $4,341 $2,783 $4,553 $6,556 $28,737 
                  

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders/members:

                         

Distributed

 $0.27 $0.43 $0.19 $0.14 $0.30 $0.24 $0.33 $0.27 

Undistributed

  (0.18) (0.27) (0.01) 0.07  (0.17) (0.02) (0.02) 0.61 
                  

Basic

 $0.09 $0.16 $0.18 $0.21 $0.13 $0.22 $0.31 $0.88 
                  

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders/members:

                         

Distributed

 $0.27 $0.43 $0.19 $0.14 $0.30 $0.24 $0.33 $0.27 

Undistributed

  (0.18) (0.27) (0.01) 0.07  (0.17) (0.02) (0.02) 0.61 
                  

Diluted

 $0.09 $0.16 $0.18 $0.21 $0.13 $0.22 $0.31 $0.88 
                  

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                         

Basic

  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  32,497,727 

Diluted

  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  32,681,570 

(1)
Certain interim period balances have been reclassified within total operating expenses to conform to current period presentation.

(2)
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2012, the Company identified an under-accrual in each of the prior quarters of 2012 related to non-income tax expense. As a result, the Company recorded an incremental charge of approximately $900 to general and administrative expense during the fourth quarter of 2012. The Company does not believe the adjustment is material to the fourth quarter or any previously reported periods.


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

 
 December 31,
2012
 June 30,
2013
 
 
  
 (unaudited)
 

ASSETS

       

Current assets:

       

Cash and cash equivalents

 $102,096 $112,803 

Credit card receivables

  1,373  2,442 

Accounts receivable, net

  1,738  4,435 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  2,008  6,598 

Deferred tax assets, net

  18,760  22,340 
      

Total current assets

  125,975  148,618 

Property and equipment, net

  5,255  6,778 

Intangible assets, net

  1,040  928 

Goodwill

  1,423  1,423 

Deferred tax assets, net

  13,239  12,786 

Restricted cash

  182  2,015 
      

Total assets

 $147,114 $172,548 
      

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

       

Current liabilities:

       

Accounts payable

 $2,606 $3,213 

Accrued expenses

  15,606  16,857 

Contributor royalties payable

  6,984  8,142 

Deferred revenue

  37,934  46,736 

Term loan facility

  6,000   

Other liabilities

  161  158 
      

Total current liabilities

  69,291  75,106 

Other non-current liabilities

  889  1,840 
      

Total liabilities

  70,180  76,946 
      

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

       

Stockholders' equity:

       

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; 33,513 and 33,692 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, respectively

  335  337 

Additional paid-in capital

  48,282  54,520 

Retained earnings

  28,317  40,745 
      

Total stockholders' equity

  76,934  95,602 
      

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

 $147,114 $172,548 
      

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

(unaudited)

 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

Revenue

 $78,199 $107,926 

Operating expenses:

       

Cost of revenue

  29,825  41,589 

Sales and marketing

  23,333  25,292 

Product development

  6,860  9,615 

General and administrative

  8,177  10,514 
      

Total operating expenses

  68,195  87,010 
      

Income from operations

  10,004  20,916 

Other income, net

  5  8 
      

Income before income taxes

  10,009  20,924 

Provision for income taxes

  227  8,496 
      

Net income

 $9,782 $12,428 

Less:

       

Preferred interest distributed

  3,788   

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholder/members

  (1,342) 41 
      

Net income available to common stockholders/members

 $7,336 $12,387 
      

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders/members:

       

Distributed

 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.19) 0.37 
      

Basic

 $0.35 $0.37 
      

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders/members:

       

Distributed

 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.19) 0.37 
      

Diluted

 $0.35 $0.37 
      

Weighted average shares outstanding:

       

Basic

  20,849,242  33,435,439 
      

Diluted

  20,849,242  33,903,898 
      

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

       

Net income

 $9,782 $12,428 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

       

Depreciation and amortization

  1,160  1,725 

Deferred taxes

  (155) (3,127)

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  2,157  2,570 

Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

    (1,009)

Bad debt reserve

  50  244 

Chargeback reserve

    20 

Amortization of deferred financing fees

    125 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

       

Credit card receivable

  (524) (1,069)

Accounts receivable

  (226) (2,941)

Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets

  (2,076) (3,748)

Due from member

  168   

Accounts payable and other liabilities

  2,351  2,636 

Contributors royalties payable

  1,060  1,158 

Deferred revenue

  5,175  8,802 
      

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $18,922 $17,814 
      

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

       

Capital expenditures

  (2,671) (2,986)

Acquisition of patents

  (193)  

Security deposit receipt (payment)

  38  (1,791)
      

Net cash used in investing activities

 $(2,826)$(4,777)
      

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

       

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

    2,681 

Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

    1,009 

Payment of term loan

    (6,000)

Payment of offering fees

    (20)

Members' distributions

  (15,151)  
      

Net cash used in financing activities

 $(15,151)$(2,330)
      

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

  945  10,707 

Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning

  14,097  102,096 
      

Cash and cash equivalents—Ending

 $15,042 $112,803 
      

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Information:

       

Cash paid for:

       

Income taxes

 $300 $14,194 

Interest

 $ $34 

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Operations

        Shutterstock, Inc. (the "Company" or "Shutterstock") operates an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and video clips that companies use in their visual communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. The Company licenses commercial digital imagery to its customers. Contributors upload their digital imagery to the Company's website in exchange for a royalty payment based on customer download activity. The Company maintains its primary office location in New York City.

Principles of Consolidation

        The consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Interim Financial StatementsProperty and Equipment

        The unaudited interim consolidated balance sheet asProperty and equipment are stated at cost, net of June 30, 2012,accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows forstraight-line method over the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, and the consolidated statement of members' deficit for the six months ended June 30, 2012 are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Company's financial position as of June 30, 2012 and its results of consolidated operations and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012. The financial data and the other financial information disclosed in these notes to the financial statements related to the six month periods are also unaudited. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2012 are not necessarily indicativeestimated useful lives of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2012 or for any other future annual or interim period.related assets. The useful lives are as follows:

Equipment3 years
Furniture and fixtures7 years
Purchased software3 years
Leasehold improvementsShorter of expected useful life or lease term

ReorganizationCapitalized Internal Use Software

        The Company is currently establishedaccounts for the cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use of its application service by capitalizing qualifying costs, which are incurred during the application development stage, and amortizing them over the software's estimated useful life. Costs incurred in the preliminary and post-implementation stages of the Company's products are expensed as a New York limited liability company (the "LLC"). In May 2012,incurred. The amounts capitalized include external direct costs of services used in connectiondeveloping internal-use software and payroll and payroll-related costs of employees directly associated with the filingdevelopment activities. The Company amortizes capitalized software over the expected period of a registration statementbenefit, which is three years, beginning when the software is ready for its intended use. The Company had no amortized capital software expense for the Company's proposed initial public offering (the "IPO"),year ended December 31, 2010. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company formed Shutterstock, Inc., a Delaware corporation,had gross capitalized costs of $459 and will reorganize, by way$605, respectively, which is included in property and equipment and amortization expense of a merger of$41 and $154, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expense. The Company's policy is to amortize such capitalized costs using the LLC with and into Shutterstock, Inc., with Shutterstock, Inc. surviving instraight-line method over the merger (the "Reorganization"). In connection with the Reorganization, the membership interests in the LLC will be exchanged for shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. prior to the IPO.estimated useful life.

UseImpairment of EstimatesLong-Lived Assets

        The preparationLong-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangibles subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally acceptedcarrying value of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the United Statesamount by which the carrying value of America requires the Company's managementasset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to make a numberbe disposed of estimateswould be separately presented in the balance sheet and assumptions relatingreported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less costs to the reported amounts ofsell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the disclosure of contingent assetsappropriate asset and liabilities at the dateliability sections of the consolidated financial statements,balance sheet. There were no impairment charges in 2010, 2011 or 2012.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 of each fiscal year or more frequently if events occur or circumstances exist that indicate that the reported amountsfair value of revenue and expenses during the period. The Company evaluates its significant


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

estimatesa reporting unit may be below its carrying value. Goodwill has been allocated to the Company's reporting units, for the purposes of preparing our impairment analyses, based on an ongoing basis, including, but not limited to goodwill, intangibles, equity-based compensation, income tax provisions and for certain non-income tax accruals. The Company bases its estimatesa specific identification basis. Based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basisgoodwill impairment assessment as of October 1, 2012, the Company concluded that the fair value of its reporting unit is more than its carrying amount, and therefore no adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill was necessary. As a result of a combination of factors in the second quarter of 2012, the Company concluded that a triggering event had occurred in the Bigstockphoto, Inc. ("Bigstock") reporting unit indicating a potential impairment and a step 1 impairment test was performed as of June 30, 2012. As a result of performing the step 1 test for making judgments aboutgoodwill impairment in the second quarter of 2012, management concluded that the fair value of the Bigstock reporting unit exceeded the carrying valuesvalue. Therefore, there was no requirement to perform step 2 of assetsthe analysis and liabilitiesit was concluded that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.there is no impairment of goodwill for the Bigstock reporting unit. There were no impairments of goodwill in any of the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 2, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for further discussion.

Sales and Use TaxesRevenue Recognition

        Amounts charged to customers or paid on behalf of customers related to sales taxes, value-added taxes and other usage taxes are classifiedAll revenue, net of revenue.

Concentrationrefunds, is generated from the license of Creditdigital content through subscription or usage based plans. The Company's four plans are: subscription plans, On Demand plans, Pay As You Go, which was introduced in July 2011, and Contributor Risk

        At certain times, the Company's cash balances with any one financial institution may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits.credit pack plans. The Company believes it mitigates its risk by depositing its cash balances with financial institutionsrecognizes revenue when the following basic criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of high quality.

an arrangement, performance or delivery of services has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company's customers and contributorsCompany considers persuasive evidence of an arrangement to be an electronic order form, or a signed contract, which contains the fixed pricing terms. Performance or delivery is considered to have occurred upon either the ratable passage of time over the contract period, a usage basis or upon the expiration of a contract period for which there are located worldwide. The majorityunused downloads or credits. Collectability is reasonably assured since most of the Company's customers purchase products by making electronic payments at the time of a transaction.transaction with a credit card. The Company performs ongoing financial condition evaluations for its existing customersestablishes a chargeback allowance based on factors surrounding historical credit card chargeback trends and performs credit evaluations for its new customers. Concentration of credit risk is limited due to the Company's large number of diversified customers. No single customer accounted for or exceeded 10% of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 or 2011, and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively.other information. As of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and as of June 30, 2012, no single customer accounted for or exceeded 10% of credit card receivables. As of December 31, 2010, two customers accounted for 51% of accounts receivable, and as of December 31, 2011, four customers accounted for 56% of accounts receivable. Three customers accounted for 65% of accounts receivable as of June 30, 2012. The customers that accounted for more than 10% of the Company's accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, and June 30, 2012, accounted for less than 1% of total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively.

        No single contributor accounted for or exceeded 10% of contributor royalties for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

Fair Value Measurementsthe Company has recorded a chargeback allowance of $70 and $70, respectively, which is included in other liabilities. Collectability is assessed for customers who pay on credit based on a credit evaluation for new customers and transaction history with existing customers. Any cash received in advance of revenue recognition is recorded as deferred revenue.

        The fair value framework underSubscription plans range in length from thirty days to one year. Subscription plan revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis using a daily convention method over the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") guidance requiresplan term. On Demand plans are for a one-year term and permit the categorizationcustomer to download up to a fixed number of assets and liabilities into three levels: Level 1—quoted prices (unadjusted)digital content. On-demand revenues are recognized at the time the customer downloads the digital content on a per unit basis. Revenue related to unused digital content, if any, is recognized in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2—inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3—unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions aboutfull at the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

        The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount for which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable and deferred revenue carrying amounts approximate fair value becauseend of the shortplan term. Pay As You Go plans provide for individual image download. The Company recognizes revenue as the customer downloads images. Credit-pack plans are generally for a one-year term and enable the customer to purchase a fixed number of credits which can then be utilized to pay for downloaded digital content. The number of credits utilized for each download depends on the digital content size and format. Credit-pack revenues are recognized based on customer usage on a per credit basis as digital content is downloaded. Revenue related to unused credits, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term. Most plans automatically renew at the end of the plan term unless the customer elects not to renew. The Company


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

maturityrecognizes revenue from its four types of these instruments. The Company currently has no other financial assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value.

        The Company's non-financial assets, which include property and equipment, intangibles and goodwill, are not required to be measured at fair valueplans on a recurring basis. However, if certain triggering events occur, or if an annual impairment test is required andgross basis in accordance with the authoritative guidance on principal-agent considerations as the Company is the primary obligor in the arrangement, has latitude in establishing the product's price, performs a detailed review of the digital content before accepting it to its collection to ensure it is of high quality before it may be purchased by our customers, can reject contributor's images in its sole discretion, and has credit risk.

        Customers typically pay in advance (or upon commencement of the term) via credit card, wire or check. Fees paid or invoiced in advance are deferred and recognized as described above. Customers that do not pay in advance are invoiced and are required to evaluatemake payment under standard credit terms. The Company does not generally offer refunds or the non-financial asset for impairment,right of return to customers. There are situations in which a resulting asset impairment would requirecustomer may receive a refund which is determined on a case-by-case basis.

        The Company also licenses digital content to customers through third party resellers. The Company contracts with third party resellers around the world to access markets where the Company does not have a significant presence. Third party resellers sell the Company's products directly to end-user customers and remit a fixed amount to the Company based on the type of plan sold. The terms of the reseller program indicate that the non-financial assetthird party reseller is the primary obligor to the end-user customer and bears the risks and rewards as principal in the transaction. In assessing whether the Company's revenue should be recorded atreported on a gross or net basis with respect to our reseller program, the fair value.Company followed the authoritative guidance in ASC 605-45Principal Agent Considerations. The Company recognizes revenue on a net basis in accordance with the type of plan sold, consistent with the plan descriptions above. The Company generally does not offer refunds or the right of return to resellers.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

        The Company considers all highly liquid securities with original maturitiesCost of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. Cash primarily consists of balances in checking and savings accounts, which are recorded at cost and approximate fair value and is considered a Level 1 measurement based on bank reporting.

Restricted Cash

        The Company had $472, $425 and $425 of restricted cash recorded in other assets as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, and June 30, 2012, respectively. The restricted cash relates to security deposits for leased office locations. The carrying value of restricted cash approximates fair value.

Credit Card ReceivablesRevenue

        The Company's cost of revenue includes contributor royalties, credit card receivables represent amounts due from third party credit card processors. Such amounts generally convertprocessing fees, image and video clip reviewer expenses, hosting and bandwidth expenses, amortization of content intangible assets, and depreciation of network equipment, which are the direct costs related to cash within threeproviding content to five days with little or no default risk.customers. Additionally, the Company includes an allocation of overhead costs primarily related to payroll, non-cash equity-based compensation, insurance, and facilities expenses based on headcount.

Accounts ReceivableContributor Royalties and Allowance for Doubtful AccountsInternal Sales Commissions

        The Company's accounts receivableContributor royalties earned by a contributor are generally paid weekly or monthly once a customer obligations due under normal trade terms, carried at their face value less an allowance for doubtful accounts if required.has downloaded the contributor's digital content and the contributor's royalty account has reached a minimum dollar level. The Company determines its allowance for doubtful accounts based onexpenses contributor royalties in the evaluationperiod during which a customer download occurs and includes the contributor royalties in cost of revenue.

        Internal sales commissions are generally paid in the month following collection or invoicing of the aging of its accounts receivablecommissioned receivable. Internal sales commission expense is included in sales and on a customer-by-customer analysis of its high-risk customers. The Company's reserve contemplates its historical loss rate on receivables, specific customer situationsmarketing expense. Internal sales commissions are deferred and recognized over the economic environments inexpected future revenue stream which is generally up to twelve months. For the Company operates. As ofyears ended December 31, 2010, the Company determined there was no allowance needed. As of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $256 and $306, respectively.

Deferred Offering Costs

        Deferred offering costs consist of legal, accounting, consulting and filing fees related to the IPO. The deferred offering costs will be offset against proceeds from the IPO upon the effectiveness of the IPO. In the event the IPO is terminated, all deferred offering costs will be expensed. No amounts were deferred as of December 31, 2010. As of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Company deferred $511$352, $651, and $2,567,$2,023, respectively, of offering costsin internal sales commissions which areis included in prepaid expenses and other current assets.assets and amortized $256, $597 and $1,649, respectively, in internal sales commission expense which is included in sales and marketing expense.


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Research and Development

        The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred, except for costs that are capitalized for certain software development projects that have demonstrated technological feasibility. Research and development costs are primarily comprised of development personnel salaries, equipment costs as well as allocated occupancy costs and related overhead. For the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company did not capitalize any software costs and all research and development costs were expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company capitalized $25 and $146, respectively, which is included in total capitalized software costs included in property and equipment.

Advertising Costs

        The Company expenses the cost of advertising and promoting its products as incurred. Such costs totaled $13,547, $25,176, and $32,648 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively, which are included in sales and marketing expense.

Deferred Rent

        The Company records rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. The difference between the rent expense recognized and the actual payments made in accordance with the lease agreement is recognized as a deferred rent liability on the Company's balance sheet. As of December 31, 2011, the Company has recorded a deferred rent balance of $198 which is included in other non-current liabilities. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has recorded a deferred rent balance of $122, of which $68 is included in other liabilities as it relates to a 2013 office lease expiration and $54 is included in other non-current liabilities.

Equity-Based Compensation

        Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under our Value Appreciation Rights Plan ("VAR Plan") in the form of value appreciation rights (the "VAR Plan awards"). Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur in order to trigger a payment with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the "2012 Plan").

        The Company measures and recognizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense for all equity-based payment awards made to employees based on estimated fair values. The value portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. For awards with a change of control condition, an evaluation is made at the grant date and future periods as to the likelihood of the condition being met. Compensation expense is adjusted in future periods for subsequent changes in the expected outcome of the change of control conditions until the vesting date. Forfeitures are



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

        The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and other equity-based awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, stock purchased pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("2012 ESPP") and the VAR Plan awards, which are discussed further in Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation.

        The determination of the grant date fair value using an option-pricing model requires judgment and as well as assumptions regarding a number of other complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Company's fair value of the common ownership interest pre-IPO, the Company's closing market price at the grant date post-IPO, the expected unit price volatility over the expected term of the awards, awards' exercise and cancellation behaviors, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividends, which are estimated as follows:



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model changes significantly, the fair value for future awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously. The awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, the 2012 ESPP and VAR Plan are subject to a time-based vesting requirement. The majority of stock option awards granted under the 2012 Plan vest over four years. The 2012 ESPP provides for purchase periods approximately every six months and a participant must be employed on the purchase date to participate in the 2012 ESPP. The VAR Plan awards had a condition that a change of control (as defined in the VAR Plan) must occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Company's Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. As of December 31, 2011, no equity-based compensation expense had been recognized with respect to the VAR Plan awards because the qualifying event had not occurred. As of December 31, 2010, there were no VAR Plan awards outstanding. As a result of the completion of the IPO, the Company began recording share-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of forfeitures, based on the grant date fair value of the VAR Plan awards that were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. as part of the Company's Reorganization.

        For any equity-based awards that qualified for liability classification pre-IPO, the Company has elected to use the intrinsic value method to value the common membership interest in accordance with authoritative guidance on stock compensation. See Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation, for further information.

Income Taxes

        The Company filed its income tax returns as a limited liability company and was taxed as a "pass through" partnership for federal and state income tax purposes for all periods prior to its Reorganization on October 5, 2012. For all periods prior to the Reorganization, the Company recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company's earnings. However, the Company was subject to taxation on allocable portions of its net income or other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

authorities in certain localities. The Company generally made monthly dividend distributions to its members under the terms of the LLC's operating agreement, subject to the Company's operating cash needs.

        Effective with the Reorganization, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense beginning October 6, 2012. As a result of this tax status change, the Company recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of approximately $28,811.

        The Company will file tax returns as a partnership for the period from January 1, 2012 through October 5, 2012 and will file tax returns as a corporation for the period from October 6, 2012 through December 31, 2012. Significant management judgment is required in projecting ordinary income/(loss) in order to determine the Company's estimated effective tax rate.

        The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits using a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company establishes reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. The Company records an income tax liability, if any, for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company's tax returns. To the extent that the assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The reserves are adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit or lapses in statutes of limitations. Any reserve for uncertain tax provisions is included in the income tax provision. Penalties and interest, if any, on uncertain tax positions are included in income tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company did not record any unrecognized tax benefits. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company recorded an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $60 and $745, respectively, for uncertain tax positions related to tax positions taken in prior years, a portion of which relates to tax refund claims. To the extent these unrecognized tax benefits are ultimately recognized, the Company's effective tax rate may be impacted in future periods.

        The Company recognizes interest expense and tax penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not accrue or pay any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012.

        The Company assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and determined that based on the available evidence, including a history of taxable income and estimates of future taxable income, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company will continue to evaluate its ability to realize deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates in future periods which may result in a change in the effective tax rate in a future year.

        The Company is subject to certain compliance requirements for non-income taxes, including payroll, value-added and sales-based taxes. Where appropriate, the Company has made accruals for these matters, which are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Net Income Per Share

        Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders/members by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company applies the two-class method for calculating and presenting income per share. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between shares of common stock and other participating securities based on their contractual participating rights to share in the earnings as if all of the earnings for the period have been distributed. Participating securities are defined as securities that participate in dividends with common stock according to a pre-determined formula or a contractual obligation to share in the income of the entity. Any potential issuance of common shares, including those that are contingent and do not participate in dividends, are excluded from weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Undistributed net income (loss) for a given period is apportioned to participating members based on the weighted-average number of each class of securities outstanding during the applicable period as a percentage of the combined weighted-average number of these securities outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders/members is computed by deducting dividends paid to preferred members, accretion to redemption value on preferred members shares, less income allocated to participating securities including unvested shares for the restricted award holder since these unvested shares have participating rights. See Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation, for further discussion.

        Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders/members adjusted for any changes in income that would result from the assumed conversion of the potential common shares by the weighted average common shares outstanding and all potential common shares, if they are dilutive. The Company had no assumed shares available to purchase for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. Diluted net income available to common stockholders/members for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes the effect of 1,789,318 shares to purchase, while 106,500 shares to purchase were excluded since they were anti-dilutive.

        A reconciliation of assumed exercised shares used in calculating basic and diluted income (loss) share available to common stockholders/members follows:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Basic

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,785,299 

Stock options and employee stock purchase plan shares

      47,924 

Unvested restricted stock awards

       
        

Diluted

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,833,223 
        

Segment Reporting

        The Company has identified four operating segments. These four operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment based on the aggregation criteria within the authoritative guidance on segment reporting. The Company considered the similarity of the product sold, the distribution processes involved, targeted customers, and economic characteristics among the four operating segments in its aggregation criteria evaluation. The operating segments share operational support functions such as



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

sales, marketing, public relations, various research and development and engineering support, in addition to the general and administrative functions of human resources, legal, finance and information technology.

        The following represents our geographic revenue based on customer location:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

North America

 $28,631 $40,536 $59,963 

Europe

  33,796  47,967  62,943 

Rest of the world

  20,546  31,768  46,710 
        

Total revenue

 $82,973 $120,271 $169,616 
        

        Included in North America is the United States which comprises 31%, 30%, and 32% of total revenue for years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. No other country accounts for more than 10% of the Company's revenue in any period. All long-lived assets are located in North America.

Foreign Currency Transactions

        The Company has determined that the U.S. Dollar is its functional currency worldwide and therefore does not have any foreign currency translation adjustment. The Company does provide for customers in select countries to pay for licenses in local currency. These local currency payments are converted into U.S. Dollars at the rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Any refund for these transactions could result in a foreign currency transaction gain or loss depending on the movement of the foreign currency between the purchase date and the refund date. During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the Company's foreign currency transaction activity was immaterial to the financial statements.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

        Comprehensive income (loss) includes certain changes in stockholders' equity that are excluded from net income (loss) such as cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities. The Company's net income equals comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012.

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Updates

        None of the recently issued accounting standard updates are expected to have a material impact.

(2) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        The Company's goodwill balance is attributable to its Bigstock reporting unit and is tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 or upon a triggering event. There have been no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill through December 31, 2012.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Continued)

        Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 
 As of December 31, 2011 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

             

Customer relationship

 $600 $(338)$262  4 

Trade name

  400  (64) 336  14 

Contributor content

  450  (68) 382  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (75) 25  3 

Domain name

  25  (1) 24  15 
           

Total

 $1,575 $(546)$1,029    
           


 
 As of December 31, 2012 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

             

Customer relationship

 $600 $(486)$114  4 

Trade name

  400  (91) 309  14 

Contributor content

  450  (98) 352  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (100)   3 

Domain name

  86  (3) 83  15 

Patents

  193  (11) 182  17 
           

Total

 $1,829 $(789)$1,040    
           

        During 2011, the Company acquired a domain name for $25 which is being amortized over fifteen years. During the first quarter of 2012, the Company acquired patents for $193, which will be amortized over sixteen to nineteen years. The patents were put into service in April 2012. During the third and fourth quarters of 2012, the Company acquired domain names for $10 and $50, respectively. These domain names were put into service in the same periods of purchase and will be amortized over fifteen years. Amortization expense related to the intangible assets was $242, $244 and $243 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. The Company also determined that there was no indication of impairment for the intangible assets for all periods presented. Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is: $191 in 2013, $78 in each fiscal year 2014 through 2017 and $537 thereafter.

        Based on a combination of factors that occurred in the second quarter of 2012 within the Company's Bigstock reporting unit, primarily a change in financial projections and business strategy including the re-allocation of certain technology-related personnel to a different reporting unit and a shift in marketing strategy, management concluded that a triggering event had occurred indicating potential impairment in the Bigstock reporting unit, and accordingly performed a step 1 impairment test based on ASC 350,Intangibles—Goodwill and Other.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Continued)

        The Company performed its annual assessment on October 1, 2012. The Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow projection (also referred to as the income approach). The income approach uses a reporting unit's projection of estimated future operating results and cash flows discounted to a net present value. The Company's significant assumptions utilized in the income approach included estimated weighted-average cost of capital from a market participant point of view, projected revenues and operating expenditures which take into account expected operating margin efficiencies gained through cost reduction strategies, projected capital expenditures, and projected working capital changes. The projections were based on management's best estimates of economic and market conditions over the projected period. The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions it believes to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Future changes to the projected financial information or other significant assumptions including the weighted-average cost of capital could have a negative result on the Bigstock reporting unit's fair value.

        As a result of performing the step 1 tests for goodwill impairment, management concluded that the fair value of the Bigstock reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no requirement to perform step 2 of the analysis and it was concluded that there is no impairment of goodwill for the Bigstock reporting unit. Long-lived assets held in the Bigstock reporting unit were also tested for recoverability in the second quarter of 2012, as a result of the triggering event, and no impairment was identified.

(3) Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment is summarized as follows:

 
 December 31, 
 
 2011 2012 

Computer equipment and software

 $5,537 $8,971 

Furniture and fixtures

  522  806 

Leasehold improvements

  395  484 
      

Property and equipment

  6,454  10,261 

Less accumulated depreciation

  (2,610) (5,006)
      

Property and equipment, net

 $3,844 $5,255 
      

        Depreciation expense amounted to $632, $1,276, and $2,397, for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Depreciation expense is included in cost of revenue and general and administrative expense based on the nature of the asset.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(4) Accrued Expenses

        Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

 
 December 31, 
 
 2011 2012 

Royalty tax withholdings

 $4,126 $4,644 

Professional fees

  1,332  469 

Non-income taxes

  1,742  3,567 

Accrued compensation

  2,391  4,246 

Accrued marketing

  183  588 

Other accrued expenses

  1,101  2,092 
      

Total accrued expenses

 $10,875 $15,606 
      

(5) Income Taxes

        The following table summarizes the consolidated provision for income taxes:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Current:

          

Federal provision

 $ $ $4,329 

State & local provision

  1,169  723  1,233 

Deferred:

          

Federal (benefit)

      (29,772)

State & local (benefit) provision

  (293) 253  (1,528)
        

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 $876 $976 $(25,738)
        

        The provision for income taxes differs from statutory income tax rate as follows:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

U.S. income tax at federal statutory rate

  % % 35.00%

State and local taxes, net of federal benefit

  4.00% 4.00% 2.84%

Benefit from change in tax status

  % % (31.36)%

LLC income not subject to federal and state tax

  % % (131.83)%

Non-deductible—restricted stock

  % % 7.25%

Non-deductible—other

  0.40% 0.50% 0.34%
        

Total provision (benefit) for income taxes

  4.40% 4.50% (117.76)%
        

        Effective with the Reorganization, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense beginning October 6, 2012. As a result of this tax status change, the Company recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of approximately $28,811.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(5) Income Taxes (Continued)

        The Company's tax effects of temporary differences and tax carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets are presented below:

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
 2011 2012 

Deferred tax assets:

       

Deferred revenue

 $547 $14,237 

Intangible amortization

    14,861 

Non-income tax reserve

  91  2,576 

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  60  1,136 

Other liabilities

  10  384 
      

Net deferred tax assets

  708  33,194 

Deferred tax liabilities:

       

Depreciation and amortization

  (6) (1,195)
      

Net deferred tax assets

 $702 $31,999 
      

        The following table summarizes changes to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits as follows:

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
 2011 2012 

Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at January 1

 $ $60 

Gross additions for tax positions for prior years

    18 

Gross additions for tax positions for current year

  60  727 

Gross expirations

     

Gross settlements

     
      

Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31

 $60 $805 
      

        There was no unrecognized tax benefit recorded during the year ended December 31, 2010. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits is included in other non-current liabilities. The Company has no on-going tax examinations. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal or state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2008. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its uncertain tax positions through the next fiscal year.

(6) Term Loan Facility

        On September 21, 2012, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank providing for a $12,000 term loan facility, which the Company refers to as the term loan facility. The Company will use the net proceeds from the term loan facility for working capital and general business purposes. The term loan facility provides for a term loan of $12,000 and matures on the earlier of (i) September 21, 2013 and (ii) the date on which such facility is accelerated following the occurrence of an event of default. The term loan facility provides for interest on the term loan, at the Company's option, at the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal minus 0.75%, or a LIBOR-based rate plus a margin of 2.00%. The Company generally selects the one-month LIBOR-based rate. On February 21, 2013, the



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(6) Term Loan Facility (Continued)

Company selected the one-month LIBOR-based rate in connection with the reset of its term loan facility. The newly selected rate expires on March 21, 2013 at which time the Company can select a new interest rate option. On December 24, 2012, the Company paid down $6,000 of the term loan facility.

        The term loan facility includes financial covenants of a minimum EBITDA determined quarterly, measured on a trailing 12 month basis and a minimum liquidity requirement. The term loan also includes customary negative and affirmative covenants including, among others, limitations on the Company's ability to: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) create liens; (iii) make certain investments, loans and advances; (iv) sell assets; (v) pay dividends or make distributions or other restricted payments; (vi) engage in mergers or consolidations (other than the Reorganization); or (vii) change its business.

        Amounts under the term loan facility may become due upon certain events of default including, among others, failure to comply with the term loan facility's covenants, bankruptcy, default on certain other indebtedness or a change in control. The default rate under the term loan facility is an additional 2.00% per annum over the otherwise applicable rate. All obligations under the term loan facility are secured by substantially all of the Company's assets, other than its intellectual property.

        At December 31, 2012, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants and other covenants applicable to it under the term loan facility and the outstanding term loan facility balance was $6,000. At December 31, 2012, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $3, which is included in accrued expenses at December 31, 2012.

        The Company capitalizes costs directly associated with acquiring third party financing. Deferred financing costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis as interest expense over the term of the related indebtedness. In cases where amounts borrowed are paid in advance, financing costs related to the amount borrowed are accelerated. As of December 31, 2012, deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization were $125.

(7) Commitments and Contingencies

        The Company leases facilities under agreements accounted for as operating leases. Rental expense for operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012 was approximately $872, $1,113 and $1,799, respectively. Some leases have defined escalating rent provisions, which are expensed over the term of the related lease on a straight-line basis commencing with the date of possession. Any rent allowance or abatement is netted in this calculation. All leases require payment of real estate tax and operating expense increases.

        Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 2012 are as follows:

Year Ending December 31
 Operating Leases 

2013

 $1,669 

2014

  418 

2015

  209 

2016

   

Thereafter

   
    

Total minimum lease payments

 $2,296 
    


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(7) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Capital Expenditures

        For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company spent approximately $1,900 and $2,575, respectively, for servers and related hardware to accommodate increased business volume. The additions are included in "Assets—Property and equipment, net" on the balance sheet. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had no significant committed purchases related to data server equipment.

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

        As of December 31, 2012, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations in the amount of $3,409, which consisted primarily of contracts related to infrastructure services and contractual commitments for software licenses and marketing services. As of December 31, 2012, the Company's unconditional purchase obligations for the years ending December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are $2,274, $943 and $192, respectively.

Legal Matters

        From time to time, the Company may become party to litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes with respect to these matters and determines loss contingency assessments on a gross basis after assessing the probability of incurrence of a loss and whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, the Company considers other relevant factors that could impact its ability to reasonably estimate a loss. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analyzing each matter. The Company's reserves may change in the future due to new developments or changes in strategy in handling these matters. Although the results of litigation and threats of litigation, investigations and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. The Company currently has no reserves related to such litigation, and no active litigation matters. In addition, the Company receives, from time to time, inquiries related to potential intellectual property infringement matters. To date, the outcome of these inquiries has not had a material impact on the Company's operations or financial results.

Indemnifications

        In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which it agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of Company's intellectual property warranties for damages to the customer directly attributable to the Company's breach. The Company is not responsible for any damages, costs, or losses to the extent such damages, costs or losses arise as a result of the modifications made by the customer, or the context in which an image is used. The standard maximum aggregate obligation and liability to any one customer for all claims is limited to $10. The Company offers certain of its customers greater levels of indemnification, including unlimited indemnification. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company has recorded no liabilities related to indemnification obligations in accordance with the authoritative guidance for loss contingencies. Additionally, the Company believes that it has the appropriate insurance coverage in place to adequately cover such indemnification obligations, if necessary.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(7) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements

        The Company has entered into employment arrangements and indemnification agreements with certain executive officers and with certain employees. The agreements specify various employment-related matters, including annual compensation, performance incentive bonuses, and severance benefits in the event of termination with or without cause. The Company's employment agreement between the former Bigstock owner and the Company expired in 2010.

(8) Employee Benefit Plans

        The Company previously maintained a Simple IRA plan ("IRA Plan") that covered all eligible employees. The plan was implemented on June 7, 2007. The Company provided for annual discretionary employer matching contributions not to exceed 3% of employees' compensation for the year. Matching contributions were fully vested and non-forfeitable.

        The Company terminated the IRA Plan on December 31, 2010 and replaced it with a 401(k) defined contribution plan ("401(k) Plan"). Similar to the IRA Plan, the Company provides for annual discretionary employer matching contributions not to exceed 3% of employees' compensation for the year. Matching contributions also are fully vested and non-forfeitable.

        The Company recorded $77, $221 and $412 of employer matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively.

(9) Equity-Based Compensation

2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan

        On October 10, 2012, the Company's 2012 Plan became effective. The 2012 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to Company employees, and for the grant of non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares to employees, directors and consultants. The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2012 Plan is 6,750,000 shares of common stock. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2012 Plan will be increased annually commencing January 1, 2013 by an amount equal to the lesser of 1,500,000 shares of common stock, 3% of the outstanding shares of common stock as of the last day immediately preceding fiscal year, or such other amount as determined by the Company's board of directors. Any awards issued under the 2012 Plan that are forfeited by the participant, will become available for future grant under the 2012 Plan. In connection with the Company's reorganization to a corporation, the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Plan.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

        On October 10, 2012, the Company's 2012 ESPP became effective. The 2012 ESPP provides participating employees with the option to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of eligible compensation and a maximum purchase of 1,000 shares during each offering period. The common stock is purchased at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of common stock on (1) the first trading day of the offering period, or (2) the last day of the offering period. The offering periods generally start on the first trading day on or after June 1 and December 1 of each year; however, the first such offering period commenced on October 10, 2012, the date the Company's Registration Statement was declared effective. An employee will not be granted rights to purchase common stock if an employee



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

immediately after the grant would own stock possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of the Company's capital stock or holds rights to purchase stock under all of the Company's employee stock purchase plans that would accrue at a rate that exceeds $25 worth of stock for each calendar year. The Company has reserved 2,000,000 shares for issuance under the 2012 ESPP. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2012 ESPP provides for an annual increase commencing January 1, 2013 by an amount equal to the lesser of 1,000,000 shares of common stock, 3% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of the last day immediately preceding fiscal year, or such other amount as determined by the Company's board of directors. As of December 31, 2012, no shares had been issued under the 2012 ESPP.

        The Company estimates the fair value of purchase rights under the 2012 ESPP using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of each purchase right under the 2012 ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the straight-line attribution approach with the following weighted-average assumptions:


Period from
October 10, 2012
to
December 31, 2012

Expected term (in years)

0.64

Volatility

49%

Risk-free interest rate

0.15%

Dividend yield

        There was no non-cash stock-based compensation in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. The Company has recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $134, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Value Appreciation Rights Plan

        Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under its VAR Plan in the form of value appreciation rights. Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. For the convenience of communicating the issuance of VAR Plan awards to employees, the BOM designated a total of 3,000,000 notional units for the VAR Plan to represent 10% of the Company's overall interest. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. Payment could occur in the form of cash, units or other securities at the discretion of the BOM and are equal to the appreciation in value over the participant's grant date price. The determination of the type of payment was subject to the discretion of the Company and not the holder. Additionally, the Company has never settled any VAR units with cash. As a result, the VAR units were accounted for as equity awards. Given the change-of-control condition, there was no equity-based compensation charge recorded for the year ended December 31, 2011. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Plan.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The Company's VAR Plan awards were made in the form of notional units and were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. upon the Reorganization. The following is a summary of these awards and weighted average exercise price per option/notional unit:

 
 Plan
Options/Units
 Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 

Units outstanding at December 31, 2010

   $ 

Units granted

  1,370,500  15.08 

Units exercised

     

Units cancelled or forfeited

  (26,000) 14.21 
      

Units outstanding at December 31, 2011

  1,344,500 $15.10 

Options/Units granted

  418,000  19.38 

Options/Units exercised

     

Options/Units cancelled or forfeited

  (70,218) 21.15 
      

Options outstanding at December 31, 2012

  1,692,282 $16.11 
      

        As of December 31, 2011, no VAR Plan notional units were exercised or exercisable as no qualifying event had occurred. As of December 31, 2012, no options were exercised. The intrinsic value of the VAR Plan notional units outstanding at December 31, 2011 and the total stock options at December 31, 2012 was approximately $2,100 and $16,700, respectively. No stock options or VAR Plan notional units expired during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012. The following is a summary of the Company's non-vested stock options/VAR Plan notional units:

 
 Plan
Options/Units
 Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 

Unvested units at December 31, 2010

   $ 

Units granted

  1,370,500  5.11 

Units vested

     

Units cancelled or forfeited

  (26,000) 4.83 
      

Units outstanding at December 31, 2011

  1,344,500 $5.48 

Options/Units granted

  418,000  8.73 

Options/Units vested

  (435,939) 5.29 

Options/Units cancelled or forfeited

  (70,218) 8.08 
      

Unvested options at December 31, 2012

  1,256,343 $6.58 
      


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The following weighted average assumptions were used in the fair value calculation for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 
 Year Ended
December 31, 2011
 Year Ended
December 31, 2012

Expected term (in years)

     5.5–6.6     5.2–6.3

Volatility

  44%–47%            49%

Risk-free interest rate

 1.4%–2.9% 1.0%–1.6%

Dividend yield

              0%              0%

        Following the Reorganization, the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of the Company's common stock having the same time-based vesting schedules, which range from one to six years. The VAR Plan awards that were granted and outstanding as of the Reorganization date were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. As a result of the Reorganization, the Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $2,412, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with a one-time acceleration charge as a result of the removal of the change of control condition. Since the Reorganization through December 31, 2012, the Company has also recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $618, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with the normal service vesting of stock options.

        As of December 31, 2012, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to 2012 Plan non-vested options is approximately $7,300, which is expected to be recognized through fiscal year 2017.

Profits Interest Awards

        On June 7, 2007, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with an executive of the Company whereby the executive received an 8.5% membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered over a thirty-six month period starting on July 1, 2007. The Company recorded a compensation charge of $917, which is included in general and administrative, during the year ended December 31, 2010, related to this membership interest award based upon the award's fair market value on the date of grant. There was no compensation charge recorded during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 as the executive was fully vested as of December 31, 2010.

        On November 1, 2007, the Company entered into a Profits Interest Grant and Repurchase Agreement (a "Profits Interest Agreement") with an employee of the Company whereby the employee received a 0.4% membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered over a forty-eight month period starting on January 1, 2008. The Profits Interest Agreement terms stipulated that the executive would have no rights to allocations or distributions relating to the Company's operating profits. Only upon a Liquidation of the Company, as defined in the Company's operating agreement, would the executive be entitled to operating profits of the Company. In connection with the Reorganization, this membership interest in the LLC was exchanged for shares of the Company's stock, which do not contain a liquidation condition. The award was determined to meet the characteristics of an equity-based award and was measured at fair value on the grant date. Based on the evaluation of the change of control condition in effect on the grant date and through each subsequent reporting period as to the probability that the change of control condition will be achieved, the Company did not record a compensation charge for this award



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. Upon consummation of the Reorganization and in connection with the removal of the change of control condition from the Profits Interest Agreement entered with the Company employee, the award was considered vested and the Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $509, which is included in general and administrative expense, during the year ended December 31, 2012. There is no unrecognized compensation charge at December 31, 2012 related to this award.

Restricted Stock Award

        On August 17, 2010, the Company entered into a Profits Interest Agreement with an executive whereby the Company issued a membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered. The Profits Interest Agreement terms stipulated that the executive would have no rights to allocations or distributions relating to the Company's operating profits. Only upon a Liquidation of the Company, as defined in the Company's operating agreement, would the executive be entitled to operating profits of the Company. In connection with the Reorganization, this membership interest in the LLC was exchanged for restricted and unrestricted shares of the Company's stock, which did not contain a liquidation condition. The Profits Interest Agreement was effective as of April 5, 2010 and entitled the executive to an aggregate amount of 4% of any liquidation of the Company's in excess of $300,000. The Profits Interest Grant was to vest over a six year period. The Profits Interest Agreement also contained a put feature whereby the executive had the option to put back to the Company up to 10% annually of any vested portion of the membership interest at the fair value on the date the executive would sell the vested interest back to the Company. Since the put feature did not subject the executive to the typical risks of stock ownership, the membership interest was classified as a liability and recorded utilizing the intrinsic method. The Company's process for determining the fair value of the awards included consideration of third party valuation reports and the fair value determined served as the basis for calculating the compensation charge. The Company recorded a compensation charge of $197, $2,122, and $2,827, which is included in general and administrative expense, during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. This liability was re-measured each reporting period until a Liquidation occurred. As of December 31, 2011, the liability charge was included in other non-current liabilities. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the vested portion of the profits interest was exchanged for shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. and the liability in the amount of $5,147 was re-classed to equity. The unvested portion was exchanged for shares of restricted stock having the same vesting terms as the profits interest. The Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Agreement entered into by the Company with the executive governs the terms of the restricted stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Agreement, 50% of the then-outstanding shares of restricted stock held by the executive vested and were released from the Company's right to acquire such shares upon the effectiveness of the Company's Registration Statement on October 10, 2012. The Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $3,627, which is included in general and administrative expense, in connection with a one-time acceleration charge for the vesting of 50% of the unvested portion of the restricted stock award based on the exchange date fair value. Additionally, the Company recorded a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $258, which is included in general and administrative expense, since the Reorganization date through December 31, 2012 as a result of the restricted stock's normal service vesting.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        As of December 31, 2012, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to the restricted stock is $3,368, which is expected to be recognized through fiscal 2016.

        The following table summarizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense included in the Company's statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Cost of revenue

 $ $ $219 

Sales and marketing

      783 

Product development

      1,696 

General and administrative

  1,114  2,122  7,687 
        

Total

 $1,114 $2,122 $10,385 
        

(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity

Common Members' Equity

        Prior to the Reorganization, common members' equity consisted of common membership interests. Only certain members had voting rights as designated in the LLC's Operating Agreement with respect to any action presented for a vote of the Company's members and only certain members were entitled to profits interest distributions from the Company's earnings. Common membership was not transferable without prior consent from the Company's BOM.

Redeemable Preferred Members' Equity

        On June 6, 2007, prior to the Reorganization, the Company's then sole stockholder sold 25% of the common members' equity to outside investors for an aggregate purchase price of $60,000. On February 28, 2008, the outside investors paid a purchase price adjustment in the amount of $1,800 to the selling member as a result of the Company achieving an EBITDA Target as defined in the purchase agreement. The outside investors had the same rights and terms as common members' equity holders except for a liquidation preference and a put preference. The put preference provided the outside investors with the option to redeem their investment for cash with proper notice to the Company on June 6, 2011 or thereafter. The Company treated this transaction as an equity modification. As a result, the Company recorded the change in the fair value of the 25% interest immediately prior to and after the modification of the equity interest as a deemed dividend and charged it against common members' deficit on the modification date. The Company accreted the difference between the carrying value of the preferred membership interest and the redemption value by applying the effective interest method. The Company concluded that the preferred interest possessed characteristics and risks more similar to equity and classified such instrument outside of common members' equity. Since the preferred members had the option to redeem their investment for cash with proper notice to the Company on June 6, 2011 or thereafter, the Company recorded the transaction outside of common members' equity. The purchase



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity (Continued)

agreement also provided for the reduction of preferred interests for any distributions paid to the preferred holders. A summary of the Company's preferred members' interest account activity is as follows:

 
 Balance 

Balance as of December 31, 2009

 $36,218 

Preferred interest accretion

  7,068 

Distributions

  (6,475)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2010

  36,811 

Preferred interest accretion

  4,058 

Distributions

  (7,144)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2011

  33,725 

Distributions

  (9,000)

Exchanged(1)

  (24,725)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2012

 $ 
    

(1)
Balance exchanged from redeemable preferred members' interest to stockholders' equity upon consummation of the Reorganization

        As of the Reorganization date, the outside investors did not exercise this put preference, therefore, the entire redeemable preferred membership interests in the LLC were exchanged for shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock.

Common Stock

        In connection with the Reorganization, the common and redeemable preferred membership interests in the LLC, including any interests that vested upon the Reorganization, were exchanged for shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to the prior distribution rights of any outstanding preferred stock. The common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. The outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. Under the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which became effective upon completion of the IPO, the Company's certificate of incorporation authorized 200,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value common stock.

Preferred Stock

        Under the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which became effective upon completion of the IPO, the Company's board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value, in one or more series. The



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity (Continued)

board of directors also has the authority to designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of each such series, including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series.

        The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Shutterstock without further action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may also adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock. In certain circumstances, an issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has not issued and has no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.

Distributions to Members

        In accordance with the LLC's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, prior to the Reorganization, cash distributions to the members were based on their respective percentage interests to the extent cash was available as determined by the board. Distributions were also limited to the extent that liabilities, excluding any owed to the members, exceeded fair market value of the LLC 's assets. Upon a dissolution event of the LLC, any assets were to be distributed 1) to creditors, including members who are creditors, by payment or provision for payment of the debt and liabilities of the LLC and the expenses of the liquidation; 2) to the setup of any reserves that are reasonably necessary for any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of the LLC; 3) to the preferred members until they have received distributions which, when aggregated with all prior distributions made to them equal their liquidation preference; 4) to Pixel Holdings Inc., which was the LLC's majority member, until such time that it has received distributions equal to the liquidation preference paid to the preferred members; 5) 75% to the common member with 8.5% membership interest, and 25% to the preferred members, until the aggregate amount of the distributions made to the 8.5% membership interest holder equals the product of $120,000 multiplied by their vested percentage; and 6) to the members in proportion to their percentage interests. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the LLC distributed $25,900, $28,575, and $36,000, respectively, to its common and preferred members. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the LLC's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement terminated.

(11) Related Parties

        Historically, customers have inadvertently sent payment for purchased subscriptions to Pixel Holdings Inc., which is wholly owned by the Company's majority stockholder. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with its revenue recognition policy and collects the receivable from Pixel Holdings Inc. As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, uncollected payments were $168 and $0, respectively, and are included in due from related party.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(12) Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data

        The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the Company's financial information for the eight most recent quarters ended December 31, 2012. In the Company's opinion, this unaudited information has been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited information for the periods presented.

 
 Three Months Ended 
 
 Mar. 31,
2011
 June. 31,
2011
 Sept. 30,
2011
 Dec. 31,
2011
 Mar. 31,
2012(1)
 June 30,
2012(1)
 Sept. 30,
2012(1)
 Dec. 31,
2012(2)
 
 
 (unaudited)
 

Revenue

 $25,475 $28,912 $31,156 $34,728 $37,574 $40,625 $42,260 $49,157 

Operating expenses:

                         

Cost of revenue

  10,179  10,977  11,373  12,975  14,389  15,436  16,057  18,794 

Sales & marketing

  6,961  6,875  8,493  9,600  12,240  11,093  9,752  12,022 

Product development

  1,887  2,368  2,811  2,711  3,419  3,441  3,795  5,675 

General and administrative

  2,012  2,285  2,539  3,335  3,732  4,445  3,765  9,709 
                  

Total operating expenses

  21,039  22,505  25,216  28,621  33,780  34,415  33,369  46,200 
                  

Income from operations

  4,436  6,407  5,940  6,107  3,794  6,210  8,891  2,957 

Other income (expense), net

  6  1  1  2  3  2  (3) (49)
                  

Income before income taxes

  4,442  6,408  5,941  6,109  3,797  6,212  8,888  2,908 

Provision (benefit) for income tax

  189  273  253  321  86  141  146  (26,111)
                  

Net income

  4,253  6,135  5,688  5,788  3,711  6,071  8,742  29,019 

Less:

                         

Preferred interest distributed

  1,875  3,000  1,312  956  2,100  1,688  2,263  2,950 

Preferred interest accretion

  1,763  1,730  565           

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholders/members

  (1,253) (1,899) (31) 491  (1,172) (170) (77) (2,668)
                  

Net income available to common stockholders/members

 $1,868 $3,304 $3,842 $4,341 $2,783 $4,553 $6,556 $28,737 
                  

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders/members:

                         

Distributed

 $0.27 $0.43 $0.19 $0.14 $0.30 $0.24 $0.33 $0.27 

Undistributed

  (0.18) (0.27) (0.01) 0.07  (0.17) (0.02) (0.02) 0.61 
                  

Basic

 $0.09 $0.16 $0.18 $0.21 $0.13 $0.22 $0.31 $0.88 
                  

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders/members:

                         

Distributed

 $0.27 $0.43 $0.19 $0.14 $0.30 $0.24 $0.33 $0.27 

Undistributed

  (0.18) (0.27) (0.01) 0.07  (0.17) (0.02) (0.02) 0.61 
                  

Diluted

 $0.09 $0.16 $0.18 $0.21 $0.13 $0.22 $0.31 $0.88 
                  

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                         

Basic

  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  32,497,727 

Diluted

  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  32,681,570 

(1)
Certain interim period balances have been reclassified within total operating expenses to conform to current period presentation.

(2)
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2012, the Company identified an under-accrual in each of the prior quarters of 2012 related to non-income tax expense. As a result, the Company recorded an incremental charge of approximately $900 to general and administrative expense during the fourth quarter of 2012. The Company does not believe the adjustment is material to the fourth quarter or any previously reported periods.


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

 
 December 31,
2012
 June 30,
2013
 
 
  
 (unaudited)
 

ASSETS

       

Current assets:

       

Cash and cash equivalents

 $102,096 $112,803 

Credit card receivables

  1,373  2,442 

Accounts receivable, net

  1,738  4,435 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  2,008  6,598 

Deferred tax assets, net

  18,760  22,340 
      

Total current assets

  125,975  148,618 

Property and equipment, net

  5,255  6,778 

Intangible assets, net

  1,040  928 

Goodwill

  1,423  1,423 

Deferred tax assets, net

  13,239  12,786 

Restricted cash

  182  2,015 
      

Total assets

 $147,114 $172,548 
      

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

       

Current liabilities:

       

Accounts payable

 $2,606 $3,213 

Accrued expenses

  15,606  16,857 

Contributor royalties payable

  6,984  8,142 

Deferred revenue

  37,934  46,736 

Term loan facility

  6,000   

Other liabilities

  161  158 
      

Total current liabilities

  69,291  75,106 

Other non-current liabilities

  889  1,840 
      

Total liabilities

  70,180  76,946 
      

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

       

Stockholders' equity:

       

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; 33,513 and 33,692 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, respectively

  335  337 

Additional paid-in capital

  48,282  54,520 

Retained earnings

  28,317  40,745 
      

Total stockholders' equity

  76,934  95,602 
      

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

 $147,114 $172,548 
      

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

(unaudited)

 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

Revenue

 $78,199 $107,926 

Operating expenses:

       

Cost of revenue

  29,825  41,589 

Sales and marketing

  23,333  25,292 

Product development

  6,860  9,615 

General and administrative

  8,177  10,514 
      

Total operating expenses

  68,195  87,010 
      

Income from operations

  10,004  20,916 

Other income, net

  5  8 
      

Income before income taxes

  10,009  20,924 

Provision for income taxes

  227  8,496 
      

Net income

 $9,782 $12,428 

Less:

       

Preferred interest distributed

  3,788   

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholder/members

  (1,342) 41 
      

Net income available to common stockholders/members

 $7,336 $12,387 
      

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders/members:

       

Distributed

 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.19) 0.37 
      

Basic

 $0.35 $0.37 
      

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders/members:

       

Distributed

 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.19) 0.37 
      

Diluted

 $0.35 $0.37 
      

Weighted average shares outstanding:

       

Basic

  20,849,242  33,435,439 
      

Diluted

  20,849,242  33,903,898 
      

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

       

Net income

 $9,782 $12,428 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

       

Depreciation and amortization

  1,160  1,725 

Deferred taxes

  (155) (3,127)

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  2,157  2,570 

Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

    (1,009)

Bad debt reserve

  50  244 

Chargeback reserve

    20 

Amortization of deferred financing fees

    125 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

       

Credit card receivable

  (524) (1,069)

Accounts receivable

  (226) (2,941)

Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets

  (2,076) (3,748)

Due from member

  168   

Accounts payable and other liabilities

  2,351  2,636 

Contributors royalties payable

  1,060  1,158 

Deferred revenue

  5,175  8,802 
      

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $18,922 $17,814 
      

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

       

Capital expenditures

  (2,671) (2,986)

Acquisition of patents

  (193)  

Security deposit receipt (payment)

  38  (1,791)
      

Net cash used in investing activities

 $(2,826)$(4,777)
      

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

       

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

    2,681 

Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

    1,009 

Payment of term loan

    (6,000)

Payment of offering fees

    (20)

Members' distributions

  (15,151)  
      

Net cash used in financing activities

 $(15,151)$(2,330)
      

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

  945  10,707 

Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning

  14,097  102,096 
      

Cash and cash equivalents—Ending

 $15,042 $112,803 
      

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Information:

       

Cash paid for:

       

Income taxes

 $300 $14,194 

Interest

 $ $34 

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Operations

        Shutterstock, Inc. (the "Company" or "Shutterstock") operates an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and video clips that companies use in their visual communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. The Company licenses commercial digital imagery to its customers. Contributors upload their digital imagery to the Company's website in exchange for a royalty payment based on customer download activity. The Company maintains its primary office location in New York City.

Principles of Consolidation

        The consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The useful lives are as follows:

Equipment 3-53 years
Furniture and fixtures 7 years
Purchased software 3 years
Leasehold improvements Shorter of expected useful life or lease term

Capitalized Internal Use Software

        The Company accounts for the cost of computer software developed or obtained for internal use of its application service by capitalizing qualifying costs, which are incurred during the application development stage, and amortizing them over the software's estimated useful life. Costs incurred in the preliminary and post-implementation stages of the Company's products are expensed as incurred. The amounts capitalized include external direct costs of services used in developing internal-use software and payroll and payroll-related costs of employees directly associated with the development activities. The Company amortizes capitalized software over the expected period of benefit, which is three years, beginning when the software is ready for its intended use. The Company had no capitalizedamortized capital software costs as ofexpense for the year ended December 31, 2010. For the yearyears ended December 31, 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company had gross capitalized costs of $297$459 and $605, respectively, which is included in property and equipment and amortized $17amortization expense of $41 and $49,$154, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expense. There was no amortization expense for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The Company's policy is to amortize such capitalized costs using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

        Long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangibles subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying value of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet. There were no impairment charges in 2009, 2010, or 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 andor 2012.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 of each fiscal year or more frequently if events occur or circumstances exist that indicate that the fair value of


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

a reporting unit may be below its carrying value. Goodwill has been allocated to the Company's reporting units, for the purposes of preparing our impairment analyses, based on a specific identification basis. In September 2011, the FASB issued authoritative guidance which gives entities the option of performing a qualitative assessment of goodwill prior to calculating the fair value of a reporting unit in "step 1" of the goodwill impairment test. If entities determine, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than the carrying amount, the two-step impairment test is required to be performed. The Company adopted this newly issued authoritative guidance effective October 1, 2011. Among the factors included in the Company's qualitative assessment as of October 1, 2011 were general economic conditions and the competitive environment, actual and expected financial performance, including consideration of the Company's revenue growth and improved operating results year-over-year, forward-looking business measurements, external market conditions, and other relevant entity-specific events. Based on the results of the qualitativegoodwill impairment assessment as of October 1, 2011,2012, the Company concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit is more than its carrying amount, and therefore performanceno adjustment to the carrying value of the two-step quantitative impairment testgoodwill was not necessary. As a result of a combination of factors in the second quarter of 2012, the Company concluded that a triggering event had occurred in the Bigstockphoto, Inc. ("Bigstock") reporting unit indicating a potential impairment and a step 1 impairment test was performed as of June 30, 2012. As a result of performing the step 1 test for goodwill impairment in the second quarter of 2012, management concluded that the fair value of the Bigstock reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no requirement to perform step 2 of the analysis and it was concluded that there is no impairment of goodwill for the Bigstock reporting unit. There were no impairments of goodwill in any of the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. See Note 2, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for further discussion.

Revenue Recognition

        All revenue, net of refunds, is generated from the license of digital content through subscription or usage based plans. The Company's four plans are: subscription plans, On Demand plans, pay-as-you-go,Pay As You Go, which was introduced in July 2011, and credit pack plans. The Company recognizes revenue when the following four basic criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, performance or delivery of services has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company considers persuasive evidence of an arrangement to be an electronic order form, or a signed contract, which contains the fixed pricing terms. Performance or delivery is considered to have occurred upon either the ratable passage of time over the contract period, a usage basis or upon the expiration of a contract period for which there are unused downloads or credits. Collectability is reasonably assured since most of the Company's customers purchase products by making electronic payments at the time of a transaction with a credit card. The Company establishes a chargeback allowance based on factors surrounding historical credit card chargeback trends and other information. As of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Company has recorded a chargeback allowance of $30, $70 and $70, respectively, which is included in other liabilities. Collectability is assessed for customers who pay on credit based on a credit evaluation for new customers and transaction history with existing customers. Any cash received in advance of revenue recognition is recorded as deferred revenue.

        Subscription plans range in length from thirty days to one year. Subscription plan revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis using a daily convention method over the plan term. On Demand plans are for a one-year term and permit the customer to download up to a fixed number of digital content. On-demand revenues are recognized at the time the customer downloads the digital downloadscontent on a per unit basis. Revenue related to unused digital content, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term. Pay-as-you-goPay As You Go plans provide for individual image download. The Company recognizes revenue as the customer downloads images. Credit-pack plans are generally for a one-year term and enable the customer


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

to purchase a fixed number of credits which can then be utilized to pay for downloaded digital content. The number of credits utilized for each download depends on the digital content size and format. Credit-pack revenues are recognized based on customer usage on a per credit basis as digital content is downloaded. Revenue related to unused credits, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term. Most plans automatically renew at the end of the plan term unless the customer elects not to renew. The Company



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

recognizes revenuesrevenue from its four types of plans on a gross basis in accordance with the authoritative guidance on principal-agent considerations as the Company is the primary obligor in the arrangement, has latitude in establishing the product's price, performs a detailed review of the digital content before accepting it to its librarycollection to ensure it is of high quality before it may be purchased by our customers, can reject contributor's images in its sole discretion, and has credit risk.

        Customers typically pay in advance (or upon commencement of the term) via credit card, wire or check. Fees paid or invoiced in advance are deferred and recognized as described above. Customers that do not pay in advance are invoiced and are required to make payment under standard credit terms. The Company does not generally offer refunds or the right of return to customers. There are situations in which a customer may receive a refund which is determined on a case-by-case basis.

        The Company also licenses digital content to customers through third party resellers. The Company contracts with third party resellers around the world to access markets where the Company does not have a significant presence. Third party resellers sell the Company's products directly to end-user customers and remit a fixed amount to the Company based on the type of plan sold. The terms of the reseller program indicate that the third party reseller is the primary obligor to the end-user customer and bears the risks and rewards as principal in the transaction. In assessing whether the Company's revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis with respect to our reseller program, the Company followed the authoritative guidance in ASC 605-45Principal Agent Considerations. The Company recognizes revenue on a net basis in accordance with the type of plan sold, consistent with the plan descriptions above. The Company generally does not offer refunds or the right of return to resellers.

Cost of Revenue

        The Company's cost of revenue includes contributor royalties, credit card processing fees, image and video clip reviewer expenses, hosting and bandwidth expenses, amortization of content intangible assets, and depreciation of network equipment, which are the direct costs related to providing content to customers. Additionally, the Company includes an allocation of overhead costs primarily related to payroll, non-cash equity-based compensation, insurance, and facilities expenses based on headcount.

Contributor Royalties and Internal Sales Commissions

        Contributor royalties earned by a contributor are generally paid bi-weeklyweekly or monthly once a customer has downloaded the contributor's digital content and the contributor's royalty account has reached a certainminimum dollar level. The Company expenses contributor royalties in the period during which a customer download occurs and includes the contributor royalties in cost of revenue.

        Internal sales commissions are generally paid in the month following collection or invoicing of the commissioned receivable. Internal sales commission expense is included in sales and marketing expense. Internal sales commissions are deferred and recognized over the expected future revenue stream which is generally up to twelve months. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the Company deferred $352, $651, and $2,023, respectively, in internal sales commissions which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and amortized $256, $597 and $1,649, respectively, in internal sales commission expense which is included in sales and marketing expense.


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

generally up to twelve months. There were no internal sales commissions deferred or amortized for the year ended December 31, 2009. For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, the Company deferred $352, $651, $304, and $762, respectively, in internal sales commissions which is included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and amortized $256, $597, $246 and $579, respectively, in internal sales commission expense which is included in sales and marketing expense.

Research and Development

        The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred, except for costs that are capitalized for certain software development projects that have demonstrated technological feasibility. Research and development costs are primarily comprised of development personnel salaries, equipment costs as well as allocated occupancy costs and related overhead. For the yearsyear ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, the Company did not capitalize any software costs and all research and development costs were expensed as incurred. For the yearyears ended December 31, 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company capitalized $25 and $0,$146, respectively, in costs which areis included in total capitalized software costs included in property and equipment.

Advertising Costs

        The Company expenses the cost of advertising and promoting its products as incurred. Such costs totaled $8,265, $13,547, $25,176, $11,111 and $18,285$32,648 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively, which are included in sales and marketing expense.

Deferred Rent

        The Company records rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. The difference between the rent expense recognized and the actual payments made in accordance with the lease agreement is recognized as a deferred rent liability on the Company's balance sheet. As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, and June 30,the Company has recorded a deferred rent balance of $198 which is included in other non-current liabilities. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has recorded a deferred rent balance of $162, $198$122, of which $68 is included in other liabilities as it relates to a 2013 office lease expiration and $161, respectively, which$54 is included in other non-current liabilities.

Equity-Based Compensation

        Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under our Value Appreciation Rights Plan ("VAR Plan") in the form of value appreciation rights (the "VAR Plan awards"). Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur in order to trigger a payment with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the "2012 Plan").

The Company measures and recognizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense for all equity-based payment awards made to employees based on estimated fair values. The value portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. For awards with a change of control condition, an evaluation is made at the grant date and future periods as to the likelihood of the condition being met. Compensation expense is adjusted in future periods for subsequent changes in the expected outcome of the change of control conditions until the vesting date. Forfeitures are



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

        The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and other equity-based awards granted pursuant to the Value Appreciation Rights2012 Plan, stock purchased pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("2012 ESPP") and the VAR Plan")Plan awards, which isare discussed further in Note 10, Valuation


Table of Contents9, Equity-Based Compensation.


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Appreciation Rights Plan.        The determination of the grant date fair value of the VAR Plan awards using an option-pricing model requires judgment and is affected by the Company's estimated fair value of its common ownership interests as well as assumptions regarding a number of other complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Company's fair value of the common ownership interest pre-IPO, the Company's closing market price at the grant date post-IPO, the expected unit price volatility over the expected term of the awards, awards' exercise and cancellation behaviors, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividends, which are estimated as follows:



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model changes significantly, the fair value for future awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously. The awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, the 2012 ESPP and VAR Plan are subject to a time-based vesting requirement. The majority of stock option awards granted under the 2012 Plan vest over four years. The 2012 ESPP provides for purchase periods approximately every six months and a participant must be employed on the purchase date to participate in the 2012 ESPP. The VAR Plan awards had a condition that a change of control (as defined in the VAR Plan) must occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Company's Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. As of December 31, 2011, no equity-based compensation expense had been recognized with respect to the VAR Plan awards because the qualifying event had not occurred. As of December 31, 2010, there were no VAR Plan awards outstanding. As a result of the completion of the IPO, the Company began recording share-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of forfeitures, based on the grant date fair value of the VAR Plan awards that were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. as part of the Company's Reorganization.

        For any equity-based awards that qualified for liability classification pre-IPO, the Company has elected to use the intrinsic value method to value the common membership interest in accordance with authoritative guidance on stock compensation. See Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation, for further information.

Income Taxes

        The Company filed its income tax returns as a limited liability company and was taxed as a "pass through" partnership for federal and state income tax purposes for all periods prior to its Reorganization on October 5, 2012. For all periods prior to the Reorganization, the Company recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company's earnings. However, the Company was subject to taxation on allocable portions of its net income or other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model changes significantly, the VAR Plan fair value for future awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously. The VAR grants made under the VAR Plan are subject to a time-based vesting requirement, the majority of which vest over four years, and a condition that a change of control occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR grants. In connection with the Company's Reorganization, the VAR grants will be exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. As of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012, no equity-based compensation expense had been recognized because the qualifying events had not occurred. In the period in which the IPO is completed, the Company will begin recording share-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of forfeitures, based on the grant date fair value of the VAR Plan awards.

        For any equity-based awards that qualify for liability classification, the Company has elected to use the intrinsic value method to value the common membership interest in accordance with authoritative guidance on stock compensation. See Note 12, Common Member Ownership Subject to Put Feature, for further information.

Income Taxes

        The Company files its income tax returns as a limited liability company and is taxed as a partnership for federal and state income tax purposes. The Company plans to reorganize from a limited liability company to a Delaware corporation prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement filed in connection with the proposed IPO. The Company recognizes no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, are subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company's earnings. However, the Company is subject to taxation on allocable portions of its net income or other taxes based on various methodologies employed by the taxing authorities in certain localities. The Company generally makesmade monthly dividend distributions to its members under the terms of the LLC's operating agreement, subject to the Company's operating cash needs.

        Effective with the Reorganization, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense beginning October 6, 2012. As a result of this tax status change, the Company recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of approximately $28,811.

        The Company will file tax returns as a partnership for the period from January 1, 2012 through October 5, 2012 and will file tax returns as a corporation for the period from October 6, 2012 through December 31, 2012. Significant management judgment is required in projecting ordinary income/(loss) in order to determine the Company's estimated effective tax rate.

        The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits using a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company establishes reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. The Company records an income tax liability, if any, for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company's tax returns. To the extent that the assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The reserves are adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit. The provisionaudit or lapses in statutes of limitations. Any reserve for uncertain tax provisions is included in the income taxes includestax provision. Penalties and interest, if any, on uncertain tax positions are included in income tax expense. During the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that are considered appropriate.year ended December 31, 2010, the Company did not record any unrecognized tax benefits. During the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, and the six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, the Company has not recorded any liabilities for unrecognized income tax benefits. During the year ended December 31, 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2012, the Company recorded an unrecognized income tax liabilitybenefit in the amount of $60 and $18, respectively.$745, respectively, for uncertain tax positions related to tax positions taken in prior years, a portion of which relates to tax refund claims. To the extent these unrecognized tax benefits are ultimately recognized, the Company's effective tax rate may be impacted in future periods.

        The Company recognizes interest accruedexpense and tax penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and tax penalties in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not accrue or pay any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011 and 2012.

        The Company assessed the six months ended June 30, 2011realizability of deferred tax assets and 2012, respectively.determined that based on the available evidence, including a history of taxable income and estimates of future taxable income, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company will continue to evaluate its ability to realize deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates in future periods which may result in a change in the effective tax rate in a future year.

        The Company is subject to certain compliance requirements for non-income taxes, including payroll, value-added and sales-based taxes. Where appropriate, the Company has made accruals for these matters, which are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements.


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

Net Income Per Share

        Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders/members by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company applies the two-class method for calculating and presenting income per share. Under the two-class method, net income is subjectallocated between shares of common stock and other participating securities based on their contractual participating rights to requirements for non-income taxes, including payroll, value-added and sales-based taxes. Where appropriate, the Company has made accruals for these matters, which are reflectedshare in the Company's consolidated financial statements.earnings as if all of the earnings for the period have been distributed. Participating securities are defined as securities that participate in dividends with common stock according to a pre-determined formula or a contractual obligation to share in the income of the entity. Any potential issuance of common shares, including those that are contingent and do not participate in dividends, are excluded from weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Undistributed net income (loss) for a given period is apportioned to participating members based on the weighted-average number of each class of securities outstanding during the applicable period as a percentage of the combined weighted-average number of these securities outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders/members is computed by deducting dividends paid to preferred members, accretion to redemption value on preferred members shares, less income allocated to participating securities including unvested shares for the restricted award holder since these unvested shares have participating rights. See Note 9, Equity-Based Compensation, for further discussion.

        Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders/members adjusted for any changes in income that would result from the assumed conversion of the potential common shares by the weighted average common shares outstanding and all potential common shares, if they are dilutive. The Company had no assumed shares available to purchase for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. Diluted net income available to common stockholders/members for the year ended December 31, 2012 includes the effect of 1,789,318 shares to purchase, while 106,500 shares to purchase were excluded since they were anti-dilutive.

        A reconciliation of assumed exercised shares used in calculating basic and diluted income (loss) share available to common stockholders/members follows:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Basic

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,785,299 

Stock options and employee stock purchase plan shares

      47,924 

Unvested restricted stock awards

       
        

Diluted

  20,770,041  20,849,242  23,833,223 
        

Segment Reporting

        The Company has identified four operating segments. These four operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment based on the aggregation criteria within the authoritative guidance on segment reporting. The Company considered the similarity of the product sold, the distribution processes involved, targeted customers, and economic characteristics among the four operating segments in its aggregation criteria evaluation. The operating segments share operational support functions such as



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

sales, marketing, public relations, various research and development and engineering support, in addition to the general and administrative functions of human resources, legal, finance and information technology.

        The following represents our geographic revenue based on customer location:


 Year Ended December 31, Six Months Ended
June 30,
 

 2009 2010 2011 2011 2012  Year Ended December 31, 

  
  
  
 (unaudited)
  2010 2011 2012 

North America

 $21,752 $28,631 $40,536 $18,197 $27,630  $28,631 $40,536 $59,963 

Europe

 25,883 33,796 47,967 22,264 29,569  33,796 47,967 62,943 

Rest of the world

 13,464 20,546 31,768 13,926 21,000  20,546 31,768 46,710 
                  

Total revenue

 $61,099 $82,973 $120,271 $54,387 $78,199  $82,973 $120,271 $169,616 
                  

        Included in North America is the United States which comprises 32%, 31%, 30%, 30% and 32% of total revenue for years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and the six months ended June 30, 2011, and 2012, respectively. No other country accounts for more than 10% of the Company's revenue in any period. All long-lived assets are located in North America.

Foreign Currency Transactions

        The Company has determined that the U.S. Dollar is its functional currency worldwide and therefore does not have any foreign currency translation adjustment. The Company does provide for customers in select countries to pay for licenses in a local currency. These foreignlocal currency payments are converted into U.S. Dollars at the rate prevailing on the date of the transaction. Any refund for these transactions could result in a foreign currency transaction gain or loss depending on the movement of the foreign currency between the purchase date and the refund date. During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, the Company's foreign currency transaction activity was immaterial to the financial statements.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

        Comprehensive income (loss) includes certain changes in stockholders' equity that are excluded from net income (loss) such as cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities. The Company's net income equals comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, and 2012.

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Updates

        On May 12, 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued amended authoritative guidance covering fair value measurements and disclosures. The amended guidance include provisions for (1) the application of concepts of "highest and best use" and "valuation premises", (2) an option to


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

measure groups of offsetting assets and liabilities on a net basis, (3) incorporation of certain premiums and discounts in fair value measurements, and (4) measurementNone of the fair value of certain instruments classified in shareholders' equity. The amended guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company adopted this authoritative guidance effective January 1, 2012. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

        In December 2011, the FASB amended its guidance for disclosures about offsetting assets and liabilities. This guidance is intended to provide enhanced disclosures that will enable users of its financial statements to evaluate the effect or potential effect of netting arrangements on an entity's financial position. This includes the effect or potential effect of rights of setoff associated with an entity's recognized assets and recognized liabilities within the scope of this update. The amendments require enhanced disclosures by requiring improved information about financial instruments and derivative instruments thatrecently issued accounting standard updates are either (1) offset in accordance with either Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45 or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset in accordance with either Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45. An entity is required to apply this amendment for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013, and interim periods within those annual periods. An entity should provide the disclosures required by those amendments retrospectively for all comparative periods presented. This guidance relates specifically to disclosures and its adoption is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

        In September 2011, the FASB amended its guidance for performance of goodwill impairment testing in order to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. The amendment allows entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If a greater than 50 percent likelihood exists that the fair value is less than the carrying amount then the two-step goodwill impairment test must be performed. The guidance provided by this update becomes effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, but early adoption is permitted. Early adoption is permitted, including for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed as of a date before September 15, 2011, if an entity's financial statements for the most recent annual or interim period have not yet been issued. The Company adopted the authoritative guidance effective October 1, 2011 and applied the guidance to the annual goodwill impairment assessment during the fourth quarter of 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

        In June 2011, the FASB amended its guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income, which is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. In December 2011, the FASB deferred the requirement to present components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement that had previously been included in the June 2011 amended standard. This guidance eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders' equity. This guidance is intended to increase the prominence of other comprehensive income in financial statements by requiring that such amounts be presented either in a single continuous statement of income and comprehensive income or separately in consecutive statements of income and comprehensive income. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements as the Company currently does not have


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

components of comprehensive income and, as a result, the Company's net income is equal to its comprehensive income.

        In May 2011, the FASB amended its guidance to converge fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"). This amendment addresses fair value measurement and disclosure requirements for the purpose of providing consistency and common meaning between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. This amendment is not intended to change the application of the requirements but primarily changes the wording to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

        In February 2010, the FASB issued amended guidance on certain recognition and disclosure requirements for subsequent events. The amended guidance requires an entity that is a filer with the SEC to evaluate subsequent events through the date that the financial statements are issued and removes the requirement for an SEC filer to disclose a date, in both issued and revised financial statements, through which the filer had evaluated subsequent events. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

        In January 2010, the FASB issued amended guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures. The new guidance requires additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements, amends disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets, and provides clarification regarding the level of disaggregation of fair value disclosures by investment class. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for certain Level 3 activity disclosure requirements that will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2010. Accordingly, the Company adopted this in 2010, except for the additional Level 3 requirements, which will be adopted in 2011. Level 3 assets and liabilities are those whose fair market value inputs are unobservable and reflect management's best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.impact.

(2) Unaudited Pro Forma Information

        The pro forma information has been presented to give effect to the following pro forma balance sheet adjustments as further described in the "Unaudited Pro Forma and Pro Forma As Adjusted Consolidated Financial Statements" of this prospectus:


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Unaudited Pro Forma Information (Continued)

        The pro forma information has been presented to give effect to the following pro forma statement of operations adjustment:

        For the purposes of the pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock calculations, the Company has assumed that the Reorganization had occurred as of January 1, 2011. The basic and diluted pro forma as adjusted per share of common stock calculations are presented below (in thousands, except per share amounts). The basic pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the pro forma weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The diluted pro forma as adjusted net income per


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Unaudited Pro Forma Information (Continued)

share of common stock calculation also assumes the conversion, exercise or issuance of all potential shares of common stock, unless the effect of inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
2011
 Six Months
Ended
June 30,
2012
 

Basic and Diluted pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock

       

Numerator:

       

Net income

 $13,360 $6,019 

Denominator:

       

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—basic before addition for incremental shares related to the Reorganization and this offering

  27,913,623  27,913,623 

Add: Incremental shares representing the reclassification of the vested portion of the executive's profits interest award

  34,050  34,050 

Add: Incremental shares representing the accelerated vesting of 50% of the unvested profits interests award

  121,120  121,120 

Add: Incremental shares representing the reclassification of the vested portion of a key employee's profits interest award

  112,240  112,240 

Add: Incremental shares representing the vested portion of the executive's restricted stock award

    23,071 

Add: Incremental shares representing the vesting of the restricted stock on a weighted average basis

  8,668  2,900 

Add: Incremental shares representing the share equivalent of the dollar amount of distributions that exceeded earnings for the previous twelve months

  1,433,571  1,433,571 

Add: Incremental shares representing the share equivalent of the dollar amount of proceeds used to repay the term loan facility

  857,143  857,143 

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—basic

  30,480,415  30,497,718 

Add: Additional shares arising from the assumed exercise of options and issuance of potentially dilutive unvested restricted shares of common stock

    19,170 
      

Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding—diluted

  30,480,415  30,516,888 

Pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock—basic

 
$

0.44
 
$

0.20
 
      

Pro forma as adjusted net income per share of common stock—diluted

 $0.44 $0.20 
      

Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Unaudited Pro Forma Information (Continued)

        As further information, the expected non-cash compensation expense to be recorded following the consummation of the IPO is discussed in the following paragraphs.

        As discussed in Note 10, in connection with the Reorganization, the VAR Plan awards will be exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc., which will not be subject


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Unaudited Pro Forma Information (Continued)

to a change of control condition. Accordingly, as of the consummation of the IPO, the Company expects to recognize a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of approximately $2,500, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with a one-time acceleration charge as a result of the removal of the change of control condition, as discussed in Note 10.

        Additionally, the Company expects to recognize a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of approximately $3,600 in connection with a one-time acceleration charge in connection with the accelerated vesting of 50% of the unvested portion of the profits interest award granted to an executive officer and related issuance of shares of common stock in connection with the IPO based on the exchange date fair value, as discussed in Note 12. The Company also expects to recognize a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of approximately $509 in connection with a one-time acceleration charge in connection with the removal of the change of control condition, as discussed in Note 11.

        The total non-cash stock-based compensation expense the Company expects to recognize is approximately $870, $3,400, $3,200, $2,500, $784 and $197 during the fiscal years ending December 31, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and thereafter, respectively. In future periods, the Company's non-cash stock-based compensation expense is expected to increase as the Company issues additional stock awards to continue to attract and retain employees.

(3) Acquisition

        On September 18, 2009, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of Bigstockphoto, Inc., ("Bigstock"), an internet-based microstock photography agency, for approximately $3,300 in cash. The primary purpose of the acquisition was to expand the Company's product offerings. The acquisition provided a broader range of customers and price points, primarily as a result of Bigstock's credit-based pricing plans. Goodwill arising from the acquisition consists primarily of the synergies and cost reductions through economies of scale expected and realized from combining the operation of the Company and Bigstock. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The Company determined the fair value of the tangible and intangible net assets with the assistance of a third party valuation expert. The following table summarizes the recording of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the transaction:

Cash

 $1,404 

Accounts receivable

  26 

Definite lived intangibles

  1,550 

Goodwill

  1,423 
    

Total assets

 $4,403 

Other current liabilities

  15 

Credit card payables

  26 

Commissions payable

  416 

Deferred revenue

  600 
    

Total liabilities

 $1,057 
    

Total purchase price

 $3,346 
    

        Goodwill acquired in this acquisition is deductible for income tax purposes.


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(3) Acquisition (Continued)

        The following table summarizes the Company's unaudited pro forma revenue and net income for the years ended December 31, 2009 as if the Company acquired Bigstock as of January 1, 2009:

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
2009
 

Pro forma revenue

 $63,344 

Pro forma net income

 $19,363 

        The fair values of the definite lived intangibles and deferred revenue were determined using various valuation techniques. Cash, accounts receivable, other current liabilities, credit card payables and commissions payable were valued using a historical cost basis as this basis approximates fair value.

        The following table summarizes the fair value estimates of the identifiable intangible assets and their weighted average useful life:

 
 Fair Value Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 

Customer relationships

 $600  4 

Trade name

  400  14 

Contributor content

  450  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  3 
       

Total intangible assets other than goodwill

 $1,550    
       

        The customer relationship, trade name, and non-compete agreement have been valued using the income approach method, which the Company determined was the most appropriate approach for those individual assets. The contributor content was valued using a cost approach method. Each of the intangible assets is amortized over their estimated useful life on a straight-line basis.

        In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into an employment arrangement with the owner of Bigstock. The terms of the twelve month arrangement included compensation of $800 in exchange for post-acquisition service. For the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, the Company recorded $200 and $600, respectively, which is included in general and administrative expense. There was no compensation related charge for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012.


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(4) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        The Company's goodwill balance is attributable to its Bigstock reporting unit and is tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 or upon a triggering event. There have been no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill through June 30, 2012.

        Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and June 30, 2012:2012.

 
 As of December 31, 2010 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

          

Customer relationship

 $600 $(187)$413 

Trade name

  400  (35) 365 

Contributor content

  450  (38) 412 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (42) 58 
        

Total

 $1,550 $(302)$1,248 
        


 
 As of December 31, 2011 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

          

Customer relationship

 $600 $(338)$262 

Trade name

  400  (64) 336 

Contributor content

  450  (68) 382 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (75) 25 

Domain name

  25  (1) 24 
        

Total

 $1,575 $(546)$1,029 
        


 
 As of June 30, 2012 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 
 
 (unaudited)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

          

Customer relationship

 $600 $(412)$188 

Trade name

  400  (78) 322 

Contributor content

  450  (84) 366 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (91) 9 

Domain name

  25  (2) 23 

Patents

  193  (3) 190 
        

Total

 $1,768 $(670)$1,098 
        

Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(4)(2) Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Continued)

        Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 
 As of December 31, 2011 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

             

Customer relationship

 $600 $(338)$262  4 

Trade name

  400  (64) 336  14 

Contributor content

  450  (68) 382  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (75) 25  3 

Domain name

  25  (1) 24  15 
           

Total

 $1,575 $(546)$1,029    
           


 
 As of December 31, 2012 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

             

Customer relationship

 $600 $(486)$114  4 

Trade name

  400  (91) 309  14 

Contributor content

  450  (98) 352  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (100)   3 

Domain name

  86  (3) 83  15 

Patents

  193  (11) 182  17 
           

Total

 $1,829 $(789)$1,040    
           

        During 2011, the Company acquired a domain name for $25 which is being amortized over fifteen years. On March 21,During the first quarter of 2012, the Company acquired patents for $193, which will be amortized over sixteen to nineteen years. The patents were put into service in April 2012. During the third and fourth quarters of 2012, the Company acquired domain names for $10 and $50, respectively. These domain names were put into service in the same periods of purchase and will be amortized over fifteen years. Amortization expense related to the intangible assets was $60, $242, $244 $122 and $124$243 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and for the six months ended June 30, 2011, and 2012, respectively. The Company also determined that there was no indication of impairment for the intangible assets for all periods presented. Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is: $120 for the remaining six months of 2012, $186$191 in 2013, $73$78 in each fiscal year 2014 $73 in 2015, $73 in 2016through 2017 and $573$537 thereafter.

        Based on a combination of factors that occurred in the second quarter of 2012 within the Company's Bigstock reporting unit, primarily a change in financial projections and business strategy including the re-allocation of certain technology-related personnel to a different reporting unit and a shift in marketing strategy, management concluded that a triggering event had occurred indicating potential impairment in the Bigstock reporting unit, and accordingly performed a step 1 impairment test based on ASC 350,Intangibles—Goodwill and Other.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Continued)

        The Company performed its annual assessment on October 1, 2012. The Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit using a discounted cash flow projection (also referred to as the income approach). The income approach uses a reporting unit's projection of estimated future operating results and cash flows discounted to a net present value. The Company's significant assumptions utilized in the income approach included estimated weighted-average cost of capital from a market participant point of view, projected revenues and operating expenditures which take into account expected operating margin efficiencies gained through cost reduction strategies, projected capital expenditures, and projected working capital changes. The projections arewere based on management's best estimates of economic and market conditions over the projected period. The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions it believes to be reasonable, but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Future changes to the projected financial information or other significant assumptions including the weighted-average cost of capital could have a negative result on the Bigstock reporting unit's fair value.

        As a result of performing the step 1 testtests for goodwill impairment, management concluded that the fair value of the Bigstock reporting unit exceeded the carrying value. Therefore, there was no requirement to perform step 2 of the analysis and it was concluded that there is no impairment of goodwill for the Bigstock reporting unit. Long-lived assets held in the Bigstock reporting unit were also tested for recoverability in the second quarter of 2012, as a result of the triggering event, and no impairment was identified.


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(5)(3) Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment is summarized as follows:


 December 31, June 30, 

 2010 2011 2012  December 31, 

  
  
 (unaudited)
  2011 2012 

Computer equipment and software

 $2,587 $5,537 $7,950  $5,537 $8,971 

Furniture and fixtures

 411 522 723  522 806 

Leasehold improvements

 39 395 452  395 484 
            

Property and equipment

 3,037 6,454 9,125  6,454 10,261 
       

Less accumulated depreciation

 (1,334) (2,610) (3,646) (2,610) (5,006)
            

Properly and equipment, net

 $1,703 $3,844 $5,479 

Property and equipment, net

 $3,844 $5,255 
            

        Depreciation expense amounted to $344, $632, $1,276, $502 and $1,036$2,397, for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Depreciation expense is included in cost of revenue and general and administrative expense based on the nature of the asset.

(6) Accrued Expenses

        Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

 
 December 31, June 30, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 
 
  
  
 (unaudited)
 

Royalty tax withholdings

 $3,475 $4,126 $4,432 

Professional fees

  1,300  1,332  941 

Non-income taxes

  1,096  1,742  2,028 

Accrued compensation

  201  2,391  1,926 

Accrued marketing

  28  183  1,126 

Other accrued expenses

  432  1,101  2,019 
        

Total accrued expenses

 $6,532 $10,875 $12,472 
        

(7) Income Taxes

        The following table summarizes the consolidated provision for income taxes:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2009 2010 2011 

Current:

          

Local provision (benefit)

 $1,143 $1,169 $723 

Deferred:

          

Local provision (benefit)

  (234) (293) 253 
        

Provision for income taxes

 $909 $876 $976 
        

Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(7)(4) Accrued Expenses

        Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

 
 December 31, 
 
 2011 2012 

Royalty tax withholdings

 $4,126 $4,644 

Professional fees

  1,332  469 

Non-income taxes

  1,742  3,567 

Accrued compensation

  2,391  4,246 

Accrued marketing

  183  588 

Other accrued expenses

  1,101  2,092 
      

Total accrued expenses

 $10,875 $15,606 
      

(5) Income Taxes (Continued)

        The following table summarizes the consolidated provision for income taxes:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Current:

          

Federal provision

 $ $ $4,329 

State & local provision

  1,169  723  1,233 

Deferred:

          

Federal (benefit)

      (29,772)

State & local (benefit) provision

  (293) 253  (1,528)
        

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

 $876 $976 $(25,738)
        

        The provision for income taxes differs from statutory income tax rate as follows:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2009 2010 2011 

Local tax

  4.0% 4.0% 4.0%

Permanent differences

  0.6% 0.4% 0.5%
        

Total provision for income taxes

  4.6% 4.4% 4.5%
        
 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

U.S. income tax at federal statutory rate

  % % 35.00%

State and local taxes, net of federal benefit

  4.00% 4.00% 2.84%

Benefit from change in tax status

  % % (31.36)%

LLC income not subject to federal and state tax

  % % (131.83)%

Non-deductible—restricted stock

  % % 7.25%

Non-deductible—other

  0.40% 0.50% 0.34%
        

Total provision (benefit) for income taxes

  4.40% 4.50% (117.76)%
        

        Effective with the Reorganization, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense beginning October 6, 2012. As a result of this tax status change, the Company recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of approximately $28,811.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(5) Income Taxes (Continued)

        The Company's tax effects of temporary differences and tax carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following:are presented below:

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
 2010 2011 

Current

       

Deferred revenue

 $788 $547 

Accrued liabilities

  154  97 
      

Current deferred tax assets

  942  644 
      

Non-current

       

Depreciation and amortization

  (33) (3)

Other non-current liabilities

  46  61 
      

Non-current deferred tax assets (liabilities)

  13  58 
      

Total deferred tax assets, net

 $955 $702 
      
 
 Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
 2011 2012 

Deferred tax assets:

       

Deferred revenue

 $547 $14,237 

Intangible amortization

    14,861 

Non-income tax reserve

  91  2,576 

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  60  1,136 

Other liabilities

  10  384 
      

Net deferred tax assets

  708  33,194 

Deferred tax liabilities:

       

Depreciation and amortization

  (6) (1,195)
      

Net deferred tax assets

 $702 $31,999 
      

        The following table summarizes changes to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits as follows:

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
 2011 2012 

Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at January 1

 $ $60 

Gross additions for tax positions for prior years

    18 

Gross additions for tax positions for current year

  60  727 

Gross expirations

     

Gross settlements

     
      

Balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31

 $60 $805 
      

        There was no unrecognized tax benefit recorded during the year ended December 31, 2010. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits is included in other non-current liabilities. The Company has no on-going tax examinations. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal or state and local tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2008. The Company does not anticipate significant changes to its uncertain tax positions through the next fiscal year.

(8)(6) Term Loan Facility

        On September 21, 2012, the Company entered into a loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank providing for a $12,000 term loan facility, which the Company refers to as the term loan facility. The Company will use the net proceeds from the term loan facility for working capital and general business purposes. The term loan facility provides for a term loan of $12,000 and matures on the earlier of (i) September 21, 2013 and (ii) the date on which such facility is accelerated following the occurrence of an event of default. The term loan facility provides for interest on the term loan, at the Company's option, at the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal minus 0.75%, or a LIBOR-based rate plus a margin of 2.00%. The Company generally selects the one-month LIBOR-based rate. On February 21, 2013, the



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(6) Term Loan Facility (Continued)

Company selected the one-month LIBOR-based rate in connection with the reset of its term loan facility. The newly selected rate expires on March 21, 2013 at which time the Company can select a new interest rate option. On December 24, 2012, the Company paid down $6,000 of the term loan facility.

        The term loan facility includes financial covenants of a minimum EBITDA determined quarterly, measured on a trailing 12 month basis and a minimum liquidity requirement. The term loan also includes customary negative and affirmative covenants including, among others, limitations on the Company's ability to: (i) incur additional debt; (ii) create liens; (iii) make certain investments, loans and advances; (iv) sell assets; (v) pay dividends or make distributions or other restricted payments; (vi) engage in mergers or consolidations (other than the Reorganization); or (vii) change its business.

        Amounts under the term loan facility may become due upon certain events of default including, among others, failure to comply with the term loan facility's covenants, bankruptcy, default on certain other indebtedness or a change in control. The default rate under the term loan facility is an additional 2.00% per annum over the otherwise applicable rate. All obligations under the term loan facility are secured by substantially all of the Company's assets, other than its intellectual property.

        At December 31, 2012, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants and other covenants applicable to it under the term loan facility and the outstanding term loan facility balance was $6,000. At December 31, 2012, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $3, which is included in accrued expenses at December 31, 2012.

        The Company capitalizes costs directly associated with acquiring third party financing. Deferred financing costs are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis as interest expense over the term of the related indebtedness. In cases where amounts borrowed are paid in advance, financing costs related to the amount borrowed are accelerated. As of December 31, 2012, deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization were $125.

(7) Commitments and Contingencies

        The Company leases facilities under agreements accounted for as operating leases. Rental expense for operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2011, and 2012 was approximately $819, $872, $1,113 $573 and $526,$1,799, respectively. Some leases have defined escalating rent provisions, which are expensed over the term of the related lease on a straight-line basis commencing with the date of possession. Any rent allowance or abatement is netted in this calculation. All leases require payment of real estate tax and operating expense increases.

        Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of December 31, 20112012 are as follows:

Year Ending December 31
 Operating Leases  Operating Leases 

2012

 $1,074 

2013

 1,033  $1,669 

2014

 364  418 

2015

 182  209 

2016

  

Thereafter

    
      

Total minimum lease payments

 $2,653  $2,296 
      

Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(8)(7) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

        Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial or remaining lease terms in excess of one year) as of June 30, 2012 are as follows:

Period Ending December 31
 Operating Leases 
 
 (unaudited)
 

2012

 $703 

2013

  1,336 

2014

  364 

2015

  182 

Thereafter

   
    

Total minimum lease payments

 $2,585 
    

Capital Expenditures

        During 2010,For the Company began expanding server hosting facilities to accommodate increased business. As a result,years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company spent approximately $1,900 and $2,100$2,575, respectively, for servers and related hardware for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively, which isto accommodate increased business volume. The additions are included in "Assets—Property and equipment, net" on the balance sheet. As of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Company had no significant committed purchases related to purchase approximately $900 and $0, respectively, in data server equipment.

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

        As of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations in the amount of $1,224 and $2,514,$3,409, which consisted primarily of contracts related to infrastructure services and contractual commitments for software licenses and marketing services. As of December 31, 2011,2012, the Company's unconditional purchase obligations for the years ending December 31, 20122013, 2014 and 20132015 are $852$2,274, $943 and $372, respectively. As of June 30, 2012, the Company's unconditional purchase obligations for the remainder of 2012 and for year ending December 31, 2013 are $879 and $1,635,$192, respectively.

Legal Matters

        From time to time, the Company may become party to litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes with respect to these matters and determines loss contingency assessments on a gross basis after assessing the probability of incurrence of a loss and whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, the Company considers other relevant factors that could impact its ability to reasonably estimate a loss. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analyzing each matter. The Company's reserves may change in the future due to new developments or changes in strategy in handling these matters. Although the results of litigation and threats of litigation, investigations and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. The Company currently has no reserves related to such litigation, and no active litigation matters. In addition, the


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(8) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Company receives, from time to time, inquiries related to potential intellectual property infringement matters. To date, the outcome of these inquiries has not had a material impact on the Company's operations or financial results.

Indemnifications

        In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which it agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of Company's intellectual property warranties for damages to the customer directly attributable to the Company's breach. The Company is not liableresponsible for any damages, costs, or losses arising solelyto the extent such damages, costs or losses arise as a result of the modifications to Company content made by the customer.customer, or the context in which an image is used. The standard maximum aggregate obligation and liability to any one customer for all claims is limited to $10. The Company offers certain of its customers greater levels of indemnification, including unlimited indemnification. As of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and June 30, 2012, the Company has recorded no liabilities related to indemnification obligations in accordance with the authoritative guidance for loss contingencies. Additionally, the Company believes that it has the appropriate insurance coverage in place to adequately cover such indemnification obligations, if necessary.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(7) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements

        The Company has entered into employment arrangements and change of control arrangementsindemnification agreements with certain executive officers and with certain employees. The agreements specify various employment-related matters, including annual compensation, performance incentive bonuses, and severance benefits in the event of termination with or without cause. The Company's employment agreement between the former Bigstock owner and the Company expired in 2010. See Note 3 for further discussion.

(9)(8) Employee Benefit Plans

        The Company hadpreviously maintained a Simple IRA plan ("IRA Plan") that covered all eligible employees. The plan was implemented on June 7, 2007. The Company provided for annual discretionary employer matching contributions not to exceed 3% of employees' compensation for the year. Matching contributions were fully vested and non-forfeitable.

        The Company terminated the IRA Plan on December 31, 2010 and replaced it with a 401(k) defined contribution plan ("401(k) Plan"). Similar to the IRA Plan, the Company provides for annual discretionary employer matching contributions not to exceed 3% of employees' compensation for the year. Matching contributions also are fully vested and non-forfeitable at all times.non-forfeitable.

        The Company recorded $42, $77, $221 $134, and $269$412 of employer matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010, and 2011, and the six months ended June 30, 2011, and 2012, respectively.

(10) Value Appreciation Rights(9) Equity-Based Compensation

2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan

        Since June 7, 2007,On October 10, 2012, the Company's 2012 Plan became effective. The 2012 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options to Company has been organizedemployees, and for the grant of non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance units and performance shares to employees, directors and consultants. The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the 2012 Plan is 6,750,000 shares of common stock. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2012 Plan will be increased annually commencing January 1, 2013 by an amount equal to the lesser of 1,500,000 shares of common stock, 3% of the outstanding shares of common stock as of the last day immediately preceding fiscal year, or such other amount as determined by the Company's board of directors. Any awards issued under the 2012 Plan that are forfeited by the participant, will become available for future grant under the 2012 Plan. In connection with the Company's reorganization to a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011,corporation, the Company granted equity awards similar to options under its Value Appreciation Rights Plan ("VAR Plan"). Such VAR Plan awards havewere exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Plan.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

        On October 10, 2012, the Company's 2012 ESPP became effective. The 2012 ESPP provides participating employees with the option to purchase common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of eligible compensation and a maximum purchase of 1,000 shares during each offering period. The common stock is purchased at 85% of the lower of the fair market value of common stock on (1) the first trading day of the offering period, or (2) the last day of the offering period. The offering periods generally start on the first trading day on or after June 1 and December 1 of each year; however, the first such offering period commenced on October 10, 2012, the date the Company's Registration Statement was declared effective. An employee will not be granted rights to purchase common stock if an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in additionemployee


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) (9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

immediately after the grant would own stock possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of the Company's capital stock or holds rights to purchase stock under all of the Company's employee stock purchase plans that would accrue at a rate that exceeds $25 worth of stock for each calendar year. The Company has reserved 2,000,000 shares for issuance under the 2012 ESPP. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2012 ESPP provides for an annual increase commencing January 1, 2013 by an amount equal to the lesser of 1,000,000 shares of common stock, 3% of the outstanding shares of our common stock as of the last day immediately preceding fiscal year, or such other amount as determined by the Company's board of directors. As of December 31, 2012, no shares had been issued under the 2012 ESPP.

        The Company estimates the fair value of purchase rights under the 2012 ESPP using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of each purchase right under the 2012 ESPP was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and the straight-line attribution approach with the following weighted-average assumptions:


Period from
October 10, 2012
to
December 31, 2012

Expected term (in years)

0.64

Volatility

49%

Risk-free interest rate

0.15%

Dividend yield

        There was no non-cash stock-based compensation in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. The Company has recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $134, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Value Appreciation Rights Plan (Continued)

        Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under its VAR Plan in the form of value appreciation rights. Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms.terms and conditions. For the convenience of communicating the issuance of VAR Plan awards to employees, the BOM designated a total of 3,000,000 notional units for the VAR Plan to represent 10% of the Company's overall interest. The VAR Plan awards arewere subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. Payment cancould occur in the form of cash, units or other securities at the discretion of the BOM and will beare equal to the appreciation in value over the participant's grant date price. The determination of the type of payment iswas subject to the discretion of the Company and not the holder. Additionally, the Company has never settled any VAR units with cash. As a result, the VAR units arewere accounted for as equity awards. Given the change-of-control condition, there was no equity basedequity-based compensation charge recorded for the year ended December 31, 2011 and for the six months ended June 30, 2012.2011. In connection with the Company's reorganization to a corporation,Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards will bewere exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which will bewere granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan.

        The Company's VAR Plan awards were made in the form of notional units. The following is a summary of the Company's VAR Plan notional units and weighted average exercise price per notional unit:

 
 VAR Plan
Units
 Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 

Units outstanding at December 31, 2010

   $ 

Units granted

  1,370,500  15.08 

Units exercised

     

Units cancelled or forfeited

  (26,000) 14.21 
      

Units outstanding at December 31, 2011

  1,344,500 $15.10 

Units granted (unaudited)

  311,500  18.03 

Units exercised (unaudited)

     

Units cancelled or forfeited (unaudited)

  (35,000) 15.39 
      

Units outstanding at June 30, 2012 (unaudited)

  1,621,000 $15.65 
      

        As of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012, no VAR Plan notional units were exercised or exercisable as no qualifying event had occurred. The intrinsic value of the total VAR Plan notional units outstanding at December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012 was approximately $2,100 and $7,051, respectively. No VAR Plan notional units expired during the year ended December 31, 2011 and six months ended June 30, 2012. The


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) Value Appreciation Rights Plan(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The Company's VAR Plan awards were made in the form of notional units and were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. upon the Reorganization. The following is a statussummary of these awards and weighted average exercise price per option/notional unit:

 
 Plan
Options/Units
 Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 

Units outstanding at December 31, 2010

   $ 

Units granted

  1,370,500  15.08 

Units exercised

     

Units cancelled or forfeited

  (26,000) 14.21 
      

Units outstanding at December 31, 2011

  1,344,500 $15.10 

Options/Units granted

  418,000  19.38 

Options/Units exercised

     

Options/Units cancelled or forfeited

  (70,218) 21.15 
      

Options outstanding at December 31, 2012

  1,692,282 $16.11 
      

        As of December 31, 2011, no VAR Plan notional units were exercised or exercisable as no qualifying event had occurred. As of December 31, 2012, no options were exercised. The intrinsic value of the VAR Plan notional units outstanding at December 31, 2011 and the total stock options at December 31, 2012 was approximately $2,100 and $16,700, respectively. No stock options or VAR Plan notional units expired during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012. The following is a summary of the Company's non-vested stock options/VAR Plan notional unitsunits:

 
 Plan
Options/Units
 Weighted Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 

Unvested units at December 31, 2010

   $ 

Units granted

  1,370,500  5.11 

Units vested

     

Units cancelled or forfeited

  (26,000) 4.83 
      

Units outstanding at December 31, 2011

  1,344,500 $5.48 

Options/Units granted

  418,000  8.73 

Options/Units vested

  (435,939) 5.29 

Options/Units cancelled or forfeited

  (70,218) 8.08 
      

Unvested options at December 31, 2012

  1,256,343 $6.58 
      


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        The following weighted average assumptions were used in the fair value calculation for the yearyears ended December 31, 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2012:

 
 VAR Plan
Units
 Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
 

Unvested units at December 31, 2010

   $ 

Units granted

  1,370,500  5.11 

Units vested

     

Units cancelled or forfeited

  (26,000) 4.83 
      

Unvested units at December 31, 2011

  1,344,500 $5.48 

Units granted (unaudited)

  311,500  7.49 

Units vested (unaudited)

  (220,578) 4.74 

Units cancelled or forfeited (unaudited)

  (35,000) 5.84 
      

Unvested units at June 30, 2012 (unaudited)

  1,400,422 $6.10 
      
 
 Year Ended
December 31, 2011
 Year Ended
December 31, 2012

Expected term (in years)

     5.5–6.6     5.2–6.3

Volatility

  44%–47%            49%

Risk-free interest rate

 1.4%–2.9% 1.0%–1.6%

Dividend yield

              0%              0%

        Following the Reorganization, the VARs will beVAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of the Company's common stock having the same time-based vesting schedules, which range from one to six years.

The following weighted average assumptionsVAR Plan awards that were usedgranted and outstanding as of the Reorganization date were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. As a result of the Reorganization, the Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $2,412, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with a one-time acceleration charge as a result of the fair value calculation forremoval of the year endedchange of control condition. Since the Reorganization through December 31, 2011 and2012, the six months ended June 30, 2012:Company has also recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $618, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with the normal service vesting of stock options.

 
 Year Ended
December 31,
2011
 Six Months Ended
June 30, 2012
 
  
 (unaudited)

Expected term (in years)

     5.5–6.6     5.2–5.8

Volatility

  44%–47%            49%

Risk-free interest rate

 1.4%–2.9% 1.0%–1.6%

Dividend yield

              0%              0%

        TheAs of December 31, 2012, the total unrecognized compensation charge at June 30,related to 2012 Plan non-vested options is $10,152 ofapproximately $7,300, which $2,608 represents the unrecognized charge for vested shares at June 30, 2012. The unrecognized charge for vested shares willis expected to be recognized upon the Company's Reorganization.through fiscal year 2017.

(11) Common Member OwnershipProfits Interest Awards

        On June 7, 2007, the Company entered into an Employment Agreement with an executive of the Company whereby the executive received an 8.5% membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered over a thirty-six month period starting on July 1, 2007. The Company recorded a compensation charge of $1,833,$917, which is included in general and $917administrative, during the yearsyear ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively, related to this membership interest award based upon the award's fair market value on the date of grant. There was no compensation charge recorded during the yearyears ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 as the executive was fully vested as of December 31, 2010.


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK IMAGES LLC

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(11) Common Member Ownership Awards (Continued)

        On November 1, 2007, the Company entered into a Profits Interest Grant and Repurchase Agreement (a "Profits Interest Agreement") with an employee of the Company whereby the employee received a 0.4% membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered over a forty-eight month period starting on January 1, 2008. The Profits Interest Agreement terms stipulatestipulated that the executive shallwould have no rights to allocations or distributions relating to the Company's operating profits. Only upon a Liquidation of the Company, as defined in the Company's operating agreement, shallwould the executive be entitled to operating profits of the Company. In connection with the Reorganization, this membership interest in the LLC will bewas exchanged for shares of the Company's stock, which willdo not contain a liquidation condition. The award was determined to meet the characteristics of an equity basedequity-based award and will bewas measured at fair value on the grant date. Based on the evaluation of the change of control condition the Company has recorded no compensation charge to date for this award and will record a compensation charge basedin effect on fair value at the grant date when it is probableand through each subsequent reporting period as to the probability that the change of control condition will be achieved. Theachieved, the Company did not record a compensation charge for this award



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011. Upon consummation of the Reorganization and in connection with the removal of the change of control condition from the Profits Interest Agreement entered with the Company employee, the award was considered vested and the Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $509, which is included in general and administrative expense, during the year ended December 31, 2012. There is no unrecognized compensation charge at December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012 is $509.related to this award.

(12) Common Member Ownership Subject to Put FeatureRestricted Stock Award

        On August 17, 2010, the Company entered into a Profits Interest Agreement with an executive whereby the Company issued a membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered. The Profits Interest Agreement terms stipulatestipulated that the executive shallwould have no rights to allocations or distributions relating to the Company's operating profits. Only upon a Liquidation of the Company, as defined in the Company's operating agreement, shallwould the executive be entitled to operating profits of the Company. In connection with the Reorganization, this membership interest in the LLC will bewas exchanged for restricted and unrestricted shares of the Company's stock, which willdid not contain a liquidation condition. The Profits Interest Agreement was effective as of April 5, 2010 and entitlesentitled the executive to an aggregate amount of 4% of any liquidation of the Company's in excess of $300,000. The Profits Interest Grant vestswas to vest over a six year period. The Profits Interest Agreement also containscontained a put feature whereby the executive hashad the option to put back to the Company up to 10% annually of any vested portion of the membership interest at the fair value on the date the executive would sell the vested interest back to the Company. Since the put feature doesdid not subject the executive to the typical risks of stock ownership, the membership interest iswas classified as a liability and recorded utilizing the intrinsic method. The Company's process for determining the fair value of the awards includesincluded consideration of third party valuation reports and the fair value determined served as the basis for calculating the compensation charge. The Company recorded a compensation charge of $197, $2,122, and $2,157$2,827, which is included in general and administrative expense, during the years ended December 31, 2010, and 2011 and the six months ended June 30, 2012, which is included in other non-current liabilities as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and June 30, 2012, respectively. This liability will bewas re-measured each future reporting period until a Liquidation occurs. Additionally,occurred. As of December 31, 2011, the liability charge was included in other non-current liabilities. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the vested portion of the profits interest was exchanged for shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. and the liability in the amount of $5,147 was re-classed to equity. The unvested portion was exchanged for shares of restricted stock having the same vesting terms as the profits interest. The Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Agreement entered into by the Company with the executive governs the terms of the restricted stock. Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Agreement, 50% of the then-outstanding shares of restricted stock held by the executive vested and were released from the Company's right to acquire such shares upon the occurrenceeffectiveness of a Change in Control or Qualified Public Offering, as defined in the Company's operating agreement,Registration Statement on October 10, 2012. The Company recognized a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $3,627, which is included in general and administrative expense, in connection with a one-time acceleration charge for the vesting of 50% of any unvested portion at that date will vest immediately, while the remaining portion will convert to restricted stock and continue to vest over the remaining vesting period through April 5, 2016. The unrecognized compensation charge for the unvested portion of this membership interest at June 30,the restricted stock award based on the exchange date fair value. Additionally, the Company recorded a non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $258, which is included in general and administrative expense, since the Reorganization date through December 31, 2012 is $7,523, which reflects the current valuationas a result of the award.restricted stock's normal service vesting.


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(13) Permanent(9) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

        As of December 31, 2012, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to the restricted stock is $3,368, which is expected to be recognized through fiscal 2016.

        The following table summarizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense included in the Company's statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and Non-Permanent2012:

 
 Year Ended December 31, 
 
 2010 2011 2012 

Cost of revenue

 $ $ $219 

Sales and marketing

      783 

Product development

      1,696 

General and administrative

  1,114  2,122  7,687 
        

Total

 $1,114 $2,122 $10,385 
        

(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity

Common Members' Equity

        PermanentPrior to the Reorganization, common members' equity consistsconsisted of common membership interests. Only certain members havehad voting rights as designated in the Company'sLLC's Operating Agreement with respect to any action presented for a vote of the Company's members and only certain members arewere entitled to profitprofits interest distributions from the Company's earnings. Common membership maywas not be transferredtransferable without prior consent from the Company's BOM.

Redeemable Preferred Members' Equity

        On June 6, 2007, prior to the Reorganization, the Company's then sole shareholderstockholder sold 25% of the common members' equity to outside investors for an aggregate purchase price of $60,000. On February 28, 2008, the outside investors paid a purchase price adjustment in the amount of $1,800 to the selling member as a result of the Company achieving an EBITDA Target as defined in the purchase agreement. The outside investors havehad the same rights and terms as common members' equity holders except for a liquidation preference and a put preference. The put preference providesprovided the outside investors with the option to redeem their investment for cash with proper notice to the Company on June 6, 2011 or thereafter. As of December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2012, the outside investors have not exercised this put preference. The Company treated this transaction as an equity modification. As a result, the Company recorded the change in the fair value of the 25% interest immediately prior to and after the modification of the equity interest as a deemed dividend and charged it against common members' deficit on the modification date. The Company accreted the difference between the carrying value of the preferred membership interest and the redemption value by applying the effective interest method. The Company has concluded that the preferred interest possessespossessed characteristics and risks more similar to equity and has classified such instrument outside of permanentcommon members' equity. Since the preferred members' havemembers had the option to redeem their investment for cash with proper notice to the Company on June 6, 2011 or thereafter, the Company recorded the transaction outside of permanentcommon members' equity. The purchase



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity (Continued)

agreement also providesprovided for the reduction of preferred interests for any distributions paid to the preferred holders. A summary of the Company's preferred members' interest account activity is as follows:

 
 Balance 

Balance as of December 31, 2009

 $36,218 

Preferred interest accretion

  7,068 

Distributions

  (6,475)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2010

  36,811 

Preferred interest accretion

  4,058 

Distributions

  (7,144)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2011

  33,725 

Distributions

  (9,000)

Exchanged(1)

  (24,725)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2012

 $ 
    

 
 Balance 

Balance as of January 1, 2009

 $34,539 

Preferred interest accretion

  6,804 

Distributions

  (5,125)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2009

  36,218 

Preferred interest accretion

  7,068 

Distributions

  (6,475)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2010

  36,811 

Preferred interest accretion

  4,058 

Distributions

  (7,144)
    

Balance as of December 31, 2011

  33,725 

Distributions (unaudited)

  (3,788)
    

Balance as of June 30, 2012 (unaudited)

 $29,937 
    
(1)
Balance exchanged from redeemable preferred members' interest to stockholders' equity upon consummation of the Reorganization

        As of the Reorganization date, the outside investors did not exercise this put preference, therefore, the entire redeemable preferred membership interests in the LLC were exchanged for shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock.

Common Stock

        In connection with the Reorganization, the common and redeemable preferred membership interests in the LLC, including any interests that vested upon the Reorganization, were exchanged for shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock. The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for that purpose. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to the prior distribution rights of any outstanding preferred stock. The common stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. The outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. Under the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which became effective upon completion of the IPO, the Company's certificate of incorporation authorized 200,000,000 shares of $0.01 par value common stock.

Preferred Stock

        Under the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which became effective upon completion of the IPO, the Company's board of directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value, in one or more series. The


Table of Contents


SHUTTERSTOCK, IMAGES LLCINC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(13) Permanent and Non-Permanent(10) Members' Equity and Stockholders' Equity (Continued)

board of directors also has the authority to designate the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of each such series, including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting any series.

        The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Shutterstock without further action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock with voting and conversion rights may also adversely affect the voting power of the holders of common stock. In certain circumstances, an issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of decreasing the market price of the common stock. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has not issued and has no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.

Distributions to Members

        In accordance with the Company'sLLC's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, prior to the Reorganization, cash distributions to the members will bewere based on their respective percentage interests to the extent cash iswas available as determined by the board. Distributions willwere also be limited to the extent that liabilities, excluding any owed to the members, exceedexceeded fair market value of the Company'sLLC 's assets. Upon a dissolution event of the Company,LLC, any assets willwere to be distributed 1) to creditors, including members who are creditors, by payment or provision for payment of the debt and liabilities of the CompanyLLC and the expenses of the liquidation; 2) to the setup of any reserves that are reasonably necessary for any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of the Company;LLC; 3) to the preferred members until they have received distributions which, when aggregated with all prior distributions made to them equal their liquidation preference; 4) to Pixel Holdings Inc., which iswas the Company'sLLC's majority member, until such time that it has received distributions equal to the liquidation preference paid to the preferred members; 5) 75% to the common member with 8.5% membership interest, and 25% to the preferred members, until the aggregate amount of the distributions made to the 8.5% membership interest holder equals the product of $120,000 multiplied by their vested percentage; and 6) and finally to the members in proportion to their percentage interests. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011 and 2012, the LLC distributed $25,900, $28,575, and $36,000, respectively, to its common and preferred members. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the LLC's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement terminated.

(14)(11) Related Parties

        From time to time,Historically, customers will sendhave inadvertently sent payment for purchased subscriptions to Pixel Holdings Inc., which is wholly owned by the Company's majority interest holder.stockholder. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with its revenue recognition policy and collects the receivable from Pixel Holdings Inc. As of December 31, 2010 and 2011 and as of June 30, 2012, uncollected payments were $144, $168 and $0, respectively, and are included in due from member.related party.


(15) Subsequent Events
SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(12) Unaudited Quarterly Financial Data

        ForThe following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the Company's financial information for the eight most recent quarters ended December 31, 2012. In the Company's opinion, this unaudited information has been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the unaudited information for the periods presented.

 
 Three Months Ended 
 
 Mar. 31,
2011
 June. 31,
2011
 Sept. 30,
2011
 Dec. 31,
2011
 Mar. 31,
2012(1)
 June 30,
2012(1)
 Sept. 30,
2012(1)
 Dec. 31,
2012(2)
 
 
 (unaudited)
 

Revenue

 $25,475 $28,912 $31,156 $34,728 $37,574 $40,625 $42,260 $49,157 

Operating expenses:

                         

Cost of revenue

  10,179  10,977  11,373  12,975  14,389  15,436  16,057  18,794 

Sales & marketing

  6,961  6,875  8,493  9,600  12,240  11,093  9,752  12,022 

Product development

  1,887  2,368  2,811  2,711  3,419  3,441  3,795  5,675 

General and administrative

  2,012  2,285  2,539  3,335  3,732  4,445  3,765  9,709 
                  

Total operating expenses

  21,039  22,505  25,216  28,621  33,780  34,415  33,369  46,200 
                  

Income from operations

  4,436  6,407  5,940  6,107  3,794  6,210  8,891  2,957 

Other income (expense), net

  6  1  1  2  3  2  (3) (49)
                  

Income before income taxes

  4,442  6,408  5,941  6,109  3,797  6,212  8,888  2,908 

Provision (benefit) for income tax

  189  273  253  321  86  141  146  (26,111)
                  

Net income

  4,253  6,135  5,688  5,788  3,711  6,071  8,742  29,019 

Less:

                         

Preferred interest distributed

  1,875  3,000  1,312  956  2,100  1,688  2,263  2,950 

Preferred interest accretion

  1,763  1,730  565           

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholders/members

  (1,253) (1,899) (31) 491  (1,172) (170) (77) (2,668)
                  

Net income available to common stockholders/members

 $1,868 $3,304 $3,842 $4,341 $2,783 $4,553 $6,556 $28,737 
                  

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders/members:

                         

Distributed

 $0.27 $0.43 $0.19 $0.14 $0.30 $0.24 $0.33 $0.27 

Undistributed

  (0.18) (0.27) (0.01) 0.07  (0.17) (0.02) (0.02) 0.61 
                  

Basic

 $0.09 $0.16 $0.18 $0.21 $0.13 $0.22 $0.31 $0.88 
                  

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders/members:

                         

Distributed

 $0.27 $0.43 $0.19 $0.14 $0.30 $0.24 $0.33 $0.27 

Undistributed

  (0.18) (0.27) (0.01) 0.07  (0.17) (0.02) (0.02) 0.61 
                  

Diluted

 $0.09 $0.16 $0.18 $0.21 $0.13 $0.22 $0.31 $0.88 
                  

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                         

Basic

  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  32,497,727 

Diluted

  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  20,849,242  32,681,570 

(1)
Certain interim period balances have been reclassified within total operating expenses to conform to current period presentation.

(2)
During the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2012, the Company identified an under-accrual in each of the prior quarters of 2012 related to non-income tax expense. As a result, the Company recorded an incremental charge of approximately $900 to general and administrative expense during the fourth quarter of 2012. The Company does not believe the adjustment is material to the fourth quarter or any previously reported periods.


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

 
 December 31,
2012
 June 30,
2013
 
 
  
 (unaudited)
 

ASSETS

       

Current assets:

       

Cash and cash equivalents

 $102,096 $112,803 

Credit card receivables

  1,373  2,442 

Accounts receivable, net

  1,738  4,435 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

  2,008  6,598 

Deferred tax assets, net

  18,760  22,340 
      

Total current assets

  125,975  148,618 

Property and equipment, net

  5,255  6,778 

Intangible assets, net

  1,040  928 

Goodwill

  1,423  1,423 

Deferred tax assets, net

  13,239  12,786 

Restricted cash

  182  2,015 
      

Total assets

 $147,114 $172,548 
      

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

       

Current liabilities:

       

Accounts payable

 $2,606 $3,213 

Accrued expenses

  15,606  16,857 

Contributor royalties payable

  6,984  8,142 

Deferred revenue

  37,934  46,736 

Term loan facility

  6,000   

Other liabilities

  161  158 
      

Total current liabilities

  69,291  75,106 

Other non-current liabilities

  889  1,840 
      

Total liabilities

  70,180  76,946 
      

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

       

Stockholders' equity:

       

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized; 33,513 and 33,692 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, respectively

  335  337 

Additional paid-in capital

  48,282  54,520 

Retained earnings

  28,317  40,745 
      

Total stockholders' equity

  76,934  95,602 
      

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

 $147,114 $172,548 
      

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

(unaudited)

 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

Revenue

 $78,199 $107,926 

Operating expenses:

       

Cost of revenue

  29,825  41,589 

Sales and marketing

  23,333  25,292 

Product development

  6,860  9,615 

General and administrative

  8,177  10,514 
      

Total operating expenses

  68,195  87,010 
      

Income from operations

  10,004  20,916 

Other income, net

  5  8 
      

Income before income taxes

  10,009  20,924 

Provision for income taxes

  227  8,496 
      

Net income

 $9,782 $12,428 

Less:

       

Preferred interest distributed

  3,788   

Undistributed (loss) earnings to participating stockholder/members

  (1,342) 41 
      

Net income available to common stockholders/members

 $7,336 $12,387 
      

Net income (loss) per basic share available to common stockholders/members:

       

Distributed

 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.19) 0.37 
      

Basic

 $0.35 $0.37 
      

Net income (loss) per diluted share available to common stockholders/members:

       

Distributed

 $0.54 $ 

Undistributed

  (0.19) 0.37 
      

Diluted

 $0.35 $0.37 
      

Weighted average shares outstanding:

       

Basic

  20,849,242  33,435,439 
      

Diluted

  20,849,242  33,903,898 
      

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(unaudited)

 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

       

Net income

 $9,782 $12,428 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

       

Depreciation and amortization

  1,160  1,725 

Deferred taxes

  (155) (3,127)

Non-cash equity-based compensation

  2,157  2,570 

Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

    (1,009)

Bad debt reserve

  50  244 

Chargeback reserve

    20 

Amortization of deferred financing fees

    125 

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

       

Credit card receivable

  (524) (1,069)

Accounts receivable

  (226) (2,941)

Prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets

  (2,076) (3,748)

Due from member

  168   

Accounts payable and other liabilities

  2,351  2,636 

Contributors royalties payable

  1,060  1,158 

Deferred revenue

  5,175  8,802 
      

Net cash provided by operating activities

 $18,922 $17,814 
      

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

       

Capital expenditures

  (2,671) (2,986)

Acquisition of patents

  (193)  

Security deposit receipt (payment)

  38  (1,791)
      

Net cash used in investing activities

 $(2,826)$(4,777)
      

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

       

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

    2,681 

Excess tax benefit from the exercise of stock options

    1,009 

Payment of term loan

    (6,000)

Payment of offering fees

    (20)

Members' distributions

  (15,151)  
      

Net cash used in financing activities

 $(15,151)$(2,330)
      

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

  945  10,707 

Cash and cash equivalents—Beginning

  14,097  102,096 
      

Cash and cash equivalents—Ending

 $15,042 $112,803 
      

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Information:

       

Cash paid for:

       

Income taxes

 $300 $14,194 

Interest

 $ $34 

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Operations

        Shutterstock, Inc. (the "Company" or "Shutterstock") operates an industry-leading global marketplace for commercial digital imagery. Commercial digital imagery consists of licensed photographs, illustrations and video clips that companies use in their visual communications, such as websites, digital and print marketing materials, corporate communications, books, publications and video content. The Company licenses commercial digital imagery to its customers. Contributors upload their digital imagery to the Company's website in exchange for a royalty payment based on customer download activity. The Company maintains its primary office location in New York City.

Principles of Consolidation

        The consolidated financial statements reflect the operations of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Unaudited Interim Financial Statements

        The interim consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2013, the consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013, and the consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013 are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Company's financial position as of June 30, 2013, its results of consolidated operations for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013, and its results of consolidated cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013. The financial data and the other financial information disclosed in these notes to the financial statements related to these periods are also unaudited. The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2013 or for any other future annual or interim period.

        There have been no changes in the significant accounting policies from those that were disclosed in Note 1 to the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. These financial statements should also be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2011,2012. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Company evaluated subsequent events throughfinancial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2012 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.

Reorganization

        In May 14, 2012, which isin connection with the datefiling of a registration statement for the Company's initial public offering (the "IPO"), Shutterstock Images LLC, a New York limited liability company (the "LLC") formed Shutterstock, Inc., a Delaware corporation, as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the LLC. On October 5, 2012, the LLC reorganized, by way of a merger of the LLC with and into Shutterstock, Inc. with Shutterstock, Inc. surviving in the merger (the "Reorganization"). In connection with this Reorganization, the preferred and common membership interests in the LLC, including any interests that vested upon the Reorganization, were exchanged for shares of Shutterstock, Inc. common stock and the outstanding value



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

appreciation rights of the LLC were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc.

Use of Estimates

        The preparation of the consolidated financial statements were issued.in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the Company's management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. The Company evaluates its significant estimates on an ongoing basis, including, but not limited to allowance for doubtful accounts, goodwill, intangibles, non-cash equity-based compensation, income tax provision and for certain non-income tax accruals. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

(16) Subsequent Events (unaudited)Cash and Cash Equivalents

        The Company considers all highly liquid securities with original maturities of three months or less when acquired to be cash equivalents. Cash primarily consists of balances in checking, savings and money market accounts. The account balances are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short-term nature of the accounts, and are considered a Level 1 measurement based on bank reporting.

Revenue Recognition

        All revenue, net of refunds, is generated from the license of digital content through subscription or usage based plans. The Company's four plans are: subscription plans, On Demand plans, Pay As You Go, and credit pack plans. The Company recognizes revenue when the following basic criteria are met: there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, performance or delivery of services has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company considers persuasive evidence of an arrangement to be an electronic order form, or a signed contract, which contains the fixed pricing terms. Performance or delivery is considered to have occurred upon the ratable passage of time for subscription plans, the download of digital content or the expiration of a contract period for which there are unused downloads or credits. Collectability is reasonably assured since most of the Company's customers purchase products by making electronic payments at the time of a transaction with a credit card. The Company establishes a chargeback allowance based on factors surrounding historical credit card chargeback trends and other information. As of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, the Company has recorded a chargeback allowance of $70 and $90, respectively, which is included in other liabilities. Collectability is assessed for customers who pay on credit based on a credit evaluation for new customers and transaction history with existing customers. Any cash received in advance of revenue recognition is recorded as deferred revenue.

        Subscription plans range in length from thirty days to one year. Subscription plan revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis using a daily convention method over the plan term. On Demand plans are typically for a one-year term and permit the customer to download up to a fixed amount of digital content. On Demand revenues are recognized at the time the customer downloads the digital content on a per unit basis. Revenue related to unused digital content, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

term. Pay As You Go plans provide for individual image download. The Company recognizes Pay As You Go revenue as the customer downloads images. Credit pack plans are generally for a one-year term and enable the customer to purchase a fixed number of credits which can then be utilized to pay for downloaded digital content. The number of credits utilized for each download depends on the digital content size and format. Credit pack revenues are recognized based on customer usage on a per credit basis as digital content is downloaded. Revenue related to unused credits, if any, is recognized in full at the end of the plan term. Most plans automatically renew at the end of the plan term unless the customer elects not to renew. The Company recognizes revenue from its four types of plans on a gross basis in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605-45, "Principal Agent Considerations," as the Company is the primary obligor in the arrangement, has latitude in establishing the product's price, performs a detailed review of the digital content before accepting it to its collection to ensure it is of high quality before it may be purchased by its customers, can reject contributor's images in its sole discretion, and has credit risk.

        Customers typically pay in advance (or upon commencement of the term) via credit card, wire or check. Fees paid or invoiced in advance are deferred and recognized as described above. Customers that do not pay in advance are invoiced and are required to make payment under standard credit terms. The Company does not generally offer refunds or the right of return to customers. There are situations in which a customer may receive a refund but the determination is made on a case-by-case basis.

        The Company also licenses digital content to customers through third party resellers. The Company contracts with third party resellers around the world to access markets where the Company does not have a significant presence. Third party resellers sell the Company's products directly to end-user customers and remit a fixed amount to the Company based on the type of plan sold. The terms of the reseller program indicate that the third party reseller is the primary obligor to the end-user customer and bears the risks and rewards as principal in the transaction. In assessing whether the Company's revenue should be reported on a gross or net basis with respect to our reseller program, the Company follows the authoritative guidance in ASC 605-45, "Principle Agent Considerations." The Company recognizes revenue net of reseller commission in accordance with the type of plan sold, consistent with the plan descriptions above. The Company generally does not offer refunds or the right of return to resellers.

Equity-Based Compensation

        Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under its Value Appreciation Rights Plan ("VAR Plan") in the form of value appreciation rights (the "VAR Plan awards"). Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur in order to trigger a payment with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the "2012 Plan").

        The Company measures and recognizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense for all equity-based payment awards based on estimated fair values at the date awards are granted. The value portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. For



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

awards with a change of control condition, an evaluation is made at the grant date and future periods as to the likelihood of the condition being met. Compensation expense is adjusted in future periods for subsequent changes in the expected outcome of the change of control conditions until the vesting date. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

        The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options and other equity-based awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, stock purchased pursuant to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("2012 ESPP") and the VAR Plan awards, which are discussed further in Note 10, Equity-Based Compensation.

        The determination of the grant date fair value using an option-pricing model requires judgment as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Company's fair value of the common ownership interest pre-IPO, the Company's closing market price at the grant date post-IPO, the expected unit price volatility over the expected term of the awards, awards' exercise and cancellation behaviors, risk-free interest rates, and expected dividends, which are estimated as follows:



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

        If any of the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes model changes significantly, the fair value for future awards may differ materially compared with the awards granted previously. The awards granted pursuant to the 2012 Plan, the 2012 ESPP and VAR Plan are subject to a time-based vesting requirement. The majority of stock option awards granted under the 2012 Plan vest over four years. The 2012 ESPP provides for purchase periods approximately every six months and a participant must be employed on the purchase date to participate in the 2012 ESPP. The VAR Plan awards had a condition that a change of control (as defined in the VAR Plan) must occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. In connection with the Company's Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. which do not include a change of control condition. As of June 30, 2012, no equity-based compensation expense related to the VAR Plan awards had been recognized because the qualifying event had not occurred. As a result of the completion of the IPO, the Company began recording share-based compensation expense using the accelerated attribution method, net of forfeitures, based on the grant date fair value of the VAR Plan awards that were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. as part of the Company's Reorganization.

        For any equity-based awards that qualified for liability classification pre-IPO, the Company elected to use the intrinsic value method to value the common membership interest in accordance with authoritative guidance on stock compensation. See Note 10, Equity-Based Compensation, for further information.

Income Taxes

        The Company filed its income tax returns as a limited liability company and was taxed as a "pass through" partnership for federal and state income tax purposes for all periods prior to its Reorganization on October 5, 2012. For all periods prior to the Reorganization, the Company recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company's earnings. However, the Company was subject to taxation on allocable portions of its net income or other taxes based on various methodologies employed by taxing authorities in certain localities. The Company generally made monthly dividend distributions to its



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

members under the terms of the LLC's operating agreement, subject to the Company's operating cash needs.

        Effective with the Reorganization, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense after October 5, 2012. As a result of this tax status change, the Company recorded an incremental net deferred tax asset and a one-time non-cash tax benefit of approximately $28,811 in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.

        The Company filed tax returns as a partnership for the period from January 1, 2012 through October 5, 2012 and will file tax returns as a corporation for the period from October 6, 2012 through December 31, 2012 and all periods thereafter. Significant management judgment is required in projecting ordinary income in order to determine the Company's estimated effective tax rate.

        The Company accounts for unrecognized tax benefits using a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions, taken or expected to be taken, in a tax return. The Company establishes reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes may be due. The Company records an income tax liability, if any, for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company's tax returns. To the extent that the assessment of such tax positions changes, the change in estimate is recorded in the period in which the determination is made. The reserves, if any, are adjusted in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of a tax audit or lapses in statutes of limitations. Any reserve for uncertain tax positions is included in the income tax provision. Penalties and interest, if any, on uncertain tax positions are included in income tax expense.

        The Company assessed the realizability of deferred tax assets and determined that based on the available evidence, including a history of taxable income and estimates of future taxable income, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. The Company will continue to evaluate its ability to realize deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis. Significant management judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets and liabilities. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates, the Company will adjust these estimates in future periods which may result in a change in the effective tax rate in a future period.

        The Company is subject to certain compliance requirements for non-income taxes, including but not limited to payroll, value-added and sales-based taxes. Where appropriate, the Company has made accruals for these matters, which are reflected in the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Net Income Per Share

        Basic net income per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common stockholders/members by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The Company applies the two-class method for calculating and presenting income per share. Under the two-class method, net income is allocated between shares of common stock and other participating securities based on their contractual participating rights to share in the earnings as if all of the earnings for the period have been distributed. Participating securities are defined as securities that participate in dividends with common stock according to a pre-determined formula or a contractual obligation to share in the income of the entity. Any potential issuance of common shares, including those that are contingent and do not participate in dividends, are excluded from weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Undistributed net income (loss) for a given period is apportioned to participating members based on the weighted average number of each class of securities outstanding during the applicable period



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(1) Summary of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)

as a percentage of the combined weighted average number of these securities outstanding during the period. Income available to common stockholders/members is computed by deducting dividends paid to preferred members, accretion to redemption value on preferred members shares, less income allocated to participating securities including unvested shares for the restricted award holder since these unvested shares have participating rights. See Note 10, Equity-Based Compensation, for further discussion.

        Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income available to common stockholders/members adjusted for any changes in income that would result from the assumed conversion of the potential common shares by the weighted average common shares outstanding and all potential common shares, if they are dilutive. For all periods presented, diluted net income available to common stockholders/members includes the effect of 1,716,301 options to purchase common stock while 257,800 options to purchase common stock were excluded since they were anti-dilutive. The Company had no assumed shares available to purchase for the six months ended June 30, 2012.

        A reconciliation of assumed exercised shares used in calculating basic and diluted net income (loss) share available to common stockholders/members follows:

 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

Basic

  28,849,242  33,435,439 

Stock options and employee stock purchase plan shares

    440,345 

Unvested restricted stock awards

    28,114 
      

Diluted

  28,849,242  33,903,898 
      

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

        Comprehensive income (loss) includes certain changes in stockholders' equity that are excluded from net income (loss) such as cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on marketable securities. The Company's net income equals comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013.

Recently Issued Accounting Standard Updates

        None of the recently issued accounting standard updates is expected to have a material impact.

(2) Information About Revenue By Geographic Area

        The following represents our revenue based on customer location:

 
 Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

North America

 $27,610 $39,201 

Europe

  29,578  39,181 

Rest of the world

  21,011  29,544 
      

Total revenue

 $78,199 $107,926 
      


SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(2) Information About Revenue By Geographic Area (Continued)

        Included in North America is the United States which comprises 33% and 32% of total revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013, respectively. No other country accounts for more than 10% of the Company's revenue in any period. All long-lived assets are located in the United States.

(3) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        The Company's goodwill balance is attributable to its Bigstockphoto, Inc. ("Bigstock") reporting unit and is tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 or upon a triggering event. There have been no changes in the carrying amount of goodwill through June 30, 2013.

        Intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013:

 
 As of December 31, 2012 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

             

Customer relationship

 $600 $(486)$114  4 

Trade name

  400  (91) 309  14 

Contributor content

  450  (98) 352  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (100)   3 

Patents

  193  (11) 182  17 

Domain name

  86  (3) 83  15 
           

Total

 $1,829 $(789)$1,040    
           


 
 As of June 30, 2013 
 
 Gross
Carrying
Amount
 Accumulated
Amortization
 Net
Carrying
Amount
 Weighted
Average Life
(Years)
 
 
 (unaudited)
 

Amortizing intangible assets:

             

Customer relationship

 $600 $(561)$39  4 

Trade name

  400  (105) 295  14 

Contributor content

  450  (113) 337  15 

Non-compete agreement

  100  (100)   3 

Patents

  193  (16) 177  17 

Domain name

  86  (6) 80  15 
           

Total

 $1,829 $(901)$928    
           

        Amortization expense was $124 and $112 for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013, respectively. The Company also determined that there was no indication of impairment for the intangible assets for all periods presented. Estimated amortization expense for the next five years is: $77 for the remaining six months of 2013, $78 in 2014, $78 in 2015, $78 in 2016, $78 in 2017 and $539 thereafter.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(4) Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment is summarized as follows:

 
 December 31,
2012
 June 30,
2013
 

Computer equipment and software

 $8,971 $10,050 

Furniture and fixtures

  806  881 

Leasehold improvements

  484  888 
      

Property and equipment

  10,261  11,819 

Less accumulated depreciation

  (5,006) (5,041)
      

Property and equipment, net

 $5,255 $6,778 
      

        Depreciation expense amounted to $1,036 and $1,613 for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013, respectively. Depreciation expense is included in cost of revenue and general and administrative expense based on the nature of the asset.

(5) Accrued Expenses

        Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

 
 December 31,
2012
 June 30,
2013
 

Royalty tax withholdings

 $4,644 $4,976 

Non-income taxes

  3,567  5,394 

Accrued compensation

  4,246  3,752 

Accrued marketing

  588  393 

Professional fees

  469  355 

Other accrued expenses

  2,092  1,987 
      

Total accrued expenses

 $15,606 $16,857 
      

(6) Income Taxes

        The Company's effective tax rates for the six month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2013 are 2.3% and 40.6%, respectively. The Company incurred a discrete tax expense relating to a change in its state apportionment percentage during the six months ended June 30, 2013, which increased the effective tax rate by 1.3%. Excluding this discrete expense, the effective rate would have been 39.3%. The Company has computed the provision for income taxes based on the estimated annual effective tax rates and the application of discrete items, if any, in the period applicable. Effective with the Reorganization on October 5, 2012, the Company became a Delaware corporation, and therefore became subject to federal and state tax expense. For all periods prior to the Reorganization, the Company filed its income tax returns as a limited liability company and was taxed as a "pass through" partnership for federal and state income tax purposes and recognized no federal and state income taxes, as the members of the LLC, and not the Company itself, were subject to income tax on their allocated share of the Company's earnings. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate due primarily to non-deductible expense related to non-cash equity-based compensation, and meals and entertainment.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(6) Income Taxes (Continued)

        During the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013, the Company recorded an unrecognized tax benefit in the amount of $18 and $973, respectively, for uncertain tax positions taken in prior years. To the extent these unrecognized tax benefits are ultimately recognized, the Company's effective tax rate may be impacted in future periods.

        The Company recognizes interest expense and tax penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company did not accrue any interest or penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The Company accrued interest and penalties in the amount of $11 related to unrecognized tax benefits for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

(7) Term Loan Facility

        On September 21, 2012, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank providing for a $12,000 term loan facility, which the Company refers to as the term loan facility. On December 24, 2012, the Company paid down $6,000 of the term loan facility. On March 25, 2013, the Company paid off the remaining $6,000 of the loan facility. At December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, the Company recorded accrued interest in the amount of $3 and $0, respectively, which is included in accrued expenses.

        The Company capitalizes costs directly associated with acquiring third party financing. As of December 31, 2012, deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $125. During the six months ended June 30, 2013, the Company accelerated and recognized $125 as a result of paying off the term loan facility.

        The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants and other covenants applicable to it under the term loan facility prior to paying off the term loan facility on March 25, 2013.

(8) Commitments and Contingencies

        The Company leases facilities under agreements accounted for as operating leases. Rental expense, inclusive of operating leases, for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013 was $720 and $1,029, respectively. Some leases have defined escalating rent provisions, which are expensed over the term of the related lease on a straight-line basis commencing with the date of possession. Any rent allowance or abatement is netted in this calculation. All leases require payment of real estate taxes and operating expense.

        On March 21, 2013, the Company entered into an operating lease agreement to lease new office facilities in New York, New York. The lease commencement date shall be the later of August 1, 2013 and the date the Company takes possession; therefore, no expense was recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2013. The Company also entered into a letter of credit in the amount of $1,829 as a security deposit for the leased facilities. The letter of credit was collateralized by $1,829 of cash as of June 30, 2013, and as such, is reported as restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheet. The lease term is eleven years from the commencement date and aggregate future minimum lease payments are approximately $42,200.



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(8) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

Capital Expenditures

        For the interimsix months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013, the Company spent approximately $2,100 and $2,000, respectively, for servers and related hardware to accommodate increased business volume. The additions are included in "Assets—Property and equipment, net" on the balance sheet. As of June 30, 2013, the Company had no significant committed purchases related to data server equipment.

Unconditional Purchase Obligations

        As of December 31, 2012 and June 30, 2013, the Company had unconditional purchase obligations in the amount of $3,409 and $2,250, which consisted primarily of contracts related to infrastructure services and contractual commitments for marketing services.

        As of December 31, 2012, the Company's unconditional purchase obligations for the years ending December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are $2,274, $943 and $192, respectively. As of June 30, 2013, the Company's unconditional purchase obligations for the remainder of 2013 and for the years ending December 31, 2014 and 2015 are $991, $1,063 and $196, respectively.

Legal Matters

        From time to time, the Company may become party to litigation in the ordinary course of business. The Company assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes with respect to these matters and determines loss contingency assessments on a gross basis after assessing the probability of incurrence of a loss and whether a loss is reasonably estimable. In addition, the Company considers other relevant factors that could impact its ability to reasonably estimate a loss. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after analyzing each matter. The Company's reserves may change in the future due to new developments or changes in strategy in handling these matters. Although the results of litigation and threats of litigation, investigations and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company currently believes that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its business, consolidated financial statementsposition, results of operations, or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. The Company currently has no material active litigation matters and, as such, no material reserves related to litigation. In addition, the Company receives, from time to time, inquiries related to potential intellectual property infringement matters. To date, the outcome of these inquiries has not had a material impact on the Company's operations or financial results.

Indemnifications

        In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into contractual arrangements under which it agrees to provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to customers with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of the Company's intellectual property warranties for damages to the customer directly attributable to the Company's breach. The Company is not responsible for any damages, costs, or losses to the extent such damages, costs or losses arise as a result of the modifications made by the customer or the context in which an image is used. The standard maximum aggregate obligation and liability to any one customer for all claims is limited to $10. The Company offers certain of its customers greater levels of indemnification, including, in some cases, unlimited



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(8) Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)

indemnification. As of December 31, 2012 and as of June 30, 2012,2013, the Company has recorded no liabilities related to indemnification obligations in accordance with the authoritative guidance for loss contingencies. Additionally, the Company believes that it has the appropriate insurance coverage in place to adequately cover such indemnification obligations, if necessary.

Employment Agreements

        The Company has entered into employment and change of control arrangements with certain executive officers and with certain employees. The agreements specify various employment-related matters, including annual compensation, performance incentive bonuses, and severance benefits in the event of termination with or without cause.

(9) Employee Benefit Plans

        The Company has a 401(k) defined contribution plan ("401(k) Plan") and provides for annual discretionary employer matching contributions not to exceed 3% of employees' compensation per year. Matching contributions also are fully vested and non-forfeitable at all times.

        The Company recorded employer matching contributions of $269 and $317 for the six months then ended June 30, 2012 and 2013, respectively.

(10) Equity-Based Compensation

        Between June 7, 2007 and October 5, 2012, the Company was organized as a limited liability company. Beginning in 2011, the Company granted equity rights similar to options under its VAR Plan in the form of value appreciation rights. Each VAR Plan award had an exercise price, a vesting period and an expiration date, in addition to other terms and conditions similar to typical equity option grant terms and conditions. For the convenience of communicating the issuance of VAR Plan awards to employees, the BOM designated a total of 3,000,000 notional units for the VAR Plan to represent 10% of the Company's overall equity. The VAR Plan awards were subject to a time-based vesting requirement and a condition that a change of control occur for a payment to trigger with respect to the VAR Plan awards. Payment could occur in the form of cash, units or other securities at the discretion of the BOM and was equal to the appreciation in value over the participant's grant date price. The determination of the type of payment was subject to the discretion of the Company and not the holder. Additionally, the Company has evaluated subsequent events through August 9,never settled any VAR units with cash. As a result, the VAR units were accounted for as equity awards. Given the change-of-control condition, there was no equity-based compensation charge recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2012. In connection with the Reorganization, all of the VAR Plan awards were exchanged for options to purchase an aggregate of 1,661,719 shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. with only a time-based vesting requirement, which were granted pursuant to the Company's 2012 Plan.

        The Company's VAR Plan awards were made in the form of notional units and were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. at the time of the Reorganization. Since the Reorganization, equity grants have been in the form of options to purchase common stock of



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

Shutterstock, Inc. The following table represents a summary of the Company's stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2013:

 
 Plan
Options
 Weighted Average
Exercise Price
 

Options outstanding at December 31, 2012

  1,692,282 $16.11 

Options granted

  293,100  42.07 

Options exercised

  (105,313) 15.34 

Options cancelled or forfeited

  (34,745) 18.93 
      

Options outstanding at June 30, 2013

  1,845,324 $20.23 
      

Vested and exercisable at June 30, 2013

  560,372 $15.43 
      

        The intrinsic value of the total stock options outstanding at December 31, 2012 and at June 30, 2013 was approximately $16,700 and $65,600, respectively. The intrinsic value of the total stock options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2012 and at June 30, 2013 was approximately $4,300 and $22,600, respectively. No stock options expired during the year ended December 31, 2012 or the six months ended June 30, 2013.

        The following weighted average assumptions were used in the fair value calculation for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013:

 
 Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

Expected term (in years)

  5.2 - 6.3  6.3 

Volatility

  49% 49%

Risk-free interest rate

  1.1 - 1.6% 1.0 - 1.5%

Dividend yield

  0% 0%

        There was no non-cash equity-based compensation in connection with the 2012 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The Company recognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $1,744, net of forfeitures, in connection with the vesting of stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2013. As of June 30, 2013, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to 2012 Plan non-vested options is approximately $11,500, which is expected to be recognized through fiscal year 2017.

        On August 17, 2010, the Company entered into a Profits Interest Agreement with an executive whereby the Company issued a membership interest in the Company in consideration of future services to be rendered. The profits interest grant was to vest over a six year period. Upon consummation of the Reorganization, the vested portion of the profits interest was exchanged for shares of common stock of Shutterstock, Inc. and the liability relating to the vested portion of the profits interest, in the amount of $5,147, was re-classed to equity. The unvested portion of the profits interest was exchanged for shares of restricted stock having the same vesting terms as the profits interest.

        On June 3, 2013, the Company issued 10,000 restricted stock units pursuant to the 2012 Plan. The restricted stock units vest 25% on the first anniversary of the relevant vesting commencement date and the



SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

(10) Equity-Based Compensation (Continued)

remaining 75% vest quarterly over three years thereafter. The restricted stock units are accounted for as equity awards and expensed based on the fair value on the date of grant over the financial statements were issued.four year vesting period.

        From July 1,The Company recognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $2,157 during the six months ended June 30, 2012 related to the profits interest award and recognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $536 during the six months ended June 30, 2013 related to the vesting of restricted stock/restricted stock units.

        As of June 30, 2013, the total unrecognized compensation charge related to the restricted stock/restricted stock units is approximately $3,300, which is expected to be recognized through August 9,fiscal year 2017.

        On October 10, 2012, the Company's 2012 ESPP became effective. There was no non-cash equity-based compensation in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the six months ended June 30, 2012. The Company distributed $1,250 to its members. No additional distributionsrecognized non-cash equity-based compensation expense of $290, net of estimated forfeitures, in connection with the 2012 ESPP for the six months ended June 30, 2013. As of June 30, 2013, 73,717 shares have been declared through August 9,issued under the 2012 ESPP.

        The following table summarizes non-cash equity-based compensation expense included in the Company's statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2013:

 
 Six Months
Ended June 30,
 
 
 2012 2013 

Cost of revenue

 $ $165 

Sales and marketing

    507 

Product development

    584 

General and administrative

  2,157  1,314 
      

Total

 $2,157 $2,570 
      

(11) Distributions to Members

        Prior to the Reorganization and in accordance with the Company's Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, as amended, the LLC made cash distributions to the members based on their respective percentage interest to the extent cash was available as determined by the board. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, the LLC made $15,151 in cash distributions to the preferred and common members. There have been no distributions made since the Reorganization on October 5, 2012.


GRAPHICGRAPHIC


GRAPHIC


Table of Contents


PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13.    Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

        The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the sale of common stock being registered. All expenses will be borne by the registrant. All amounts shown are estimates except the SEC registration fee, the FINRA filing fee and the NYSE listing fee.

Item
 Amount  Amount 

SEC registration fee

 $8,896  $26,892 

FINRA filing fee

 8,263  30,073 

Initial NYSE listing fee

 162,560 

NYSE listing fee

 5,520 

Blue Sky fees and expenses

 15,000 

Printing and engraving expenses

 300,000  170,000 

Legal fees and expenses

 2,000,000  500,000 

Accounting fees and expenses

 1,500,000  85,000 

Transfer Agent and Registrar fees

 5,000 

Transfer agent and registrar fees

 7,000 

Miscellaneous fees and expenses

 415,281  60,515 
      

Total

 $4,400,000  $900,000 
      

Item 14.    Indemnification of Directors and Officers

        Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law authorizes a corporation's board of directors to grant, and authorizes a court to award, indemnity to officers, directors and other corporate agents.

        As permitted by Section 102(b)(7) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the registrant's certificate of incorporation to be in effect upon the closing of this offering includes provisions that eliminate the personal liability of its directors for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duty as directors, except for the following:

        To the extent Section 102(b)(7) is interpreted, or the Delaware General Corporation Law is amended, to allow similar protections for officers of a corporation, such provisions of the registrant's certificate of incorporation shall also extend to those persons.

        In addition, as permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the bylaws of the registrant to be effective upon completion of this offering provide that:

II-1


Table of Contents

II-1


Table of Contents

        The registrant's policy is to enter into separate indemnification agreements with each of its directors and officers that provide the maximum indemnity allowed to directors and executive officers by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and also provides for certain additional procedural protections. The registrant also maintains directors and officers insurance to insure such persons against certain liabilities.

        These indemnification provisions and the indemnification agreements entered into between the registrant and its officers and directors may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the registrant's officers and directors for liabilities (including reimbursement of expenses incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933.

        The underwriting agreement filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this registration statement provides for indemnification in limited circumstances by the underwriters of the registrant and its officers and directors for certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 and otherwise.

Item 15.    Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

        Since January 1, 2009,2010, the registrant'sregistrant and its predecessor, Shutterstock Images LLC, or the LLC, has issued and sold the following unregistered securities:

II-2


Table of Contents

        None of the foregoing transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering, and the registrant believes the transactions were exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 in reliance on Section 4(2) thereof, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or Rule 701 thereunder, as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering or transactions pursuant to compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided under such Rule 701. The recipients of securities in such transactions represented their intention to acquire the securities for investment only and not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates and instruments issued in such transactions. If applicable, the recipient of securities were accredited or sophisticated and either received adequate information about the registrant or had access, through his relationships with the registrant, to such information.

Item 16.    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

        (a)   Exhibits

        The list of exhibits is set forth under "Exhibit Index" at the end of the registration statement and is incorporated by reference herein.

        (b)   Financial Statement Schedules

        Schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in our consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

Item 17.    Undertakings

        The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

        Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

        The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

II-3


Table of Contents


SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this Amendment No. 61 to Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York on October 9, 2012.September 16, 2013.

  SHUTTERSTOCK, INC.

 

 

By:

 

/s/ JONATHAN ORINGERTIMOTHY E. BIXBY

Jonathan OringerTimothy E. Bixby
Chief ExecutiveFinancial Officer

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Amendment No. 61 to Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

Signature
 
Title
 
Date

 


 

 

 

 

 
/s/ JONATHAN ORINGER*

Jonathan Oringer
 Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
 October 9, 2012September 16, 2013



/s/ THILO SEMMELBAUER*

Thilo Semmelbauer

 

President and Chief Operating Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

 

October 9, 2012September 16, 2013



/s/ TIMOTHY E. BIXBY

Timothy E. Bixby

 

Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

 

October 9, 2012September 16, 2013



*

Steven Berns

 

Director

 

October 9, 2012September 16, 2013



*

Jeff Epstein

 

Director

 

October 9, 2012September 16, 2013



*

Thomas R.Tom Evans

 

Director

 

October 9, 2012September 16, 2013



*

Jeffrey Lieberman

 

Director

 

October 9, 2012September 16, 2013



*

JonathanJon Miller

 

Director

 

October 9, 2012September 16, 2013


*By:

 

/s/ JONATHAN ORINGERTIMOTHY E. BIXBY

Jonathan OringerTimothy E. Bixby
Attorney-in-Fact

 

 

 

 

II-4


Table of Contents


EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number
Description
1.1#Form of Underwriting Agreement.


2.1#


Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 5, 2012, between the Registrant and Shutterstock Images LLC.


2.2#


Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 5, 2012, among the Registrant, Shutterstock Investors II, Inc., Insight Venture Partners (Cayman) V, L.P., Shutterstock Investors III, Inc. and Insight Venture Partners V Coinvestment Fund, L.P.


3.1(a)#


Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as in effect prior to October 5, 2012.


3.1(b)#


Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as currently in effect.


3.2#


Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, to be in effect upon the closing of this offering.


3.3#


Bylaws of the Registrant, as currently in effect.


3.4#


Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, to be in effect upon the closing of this offering.


4.1


Intentionally omitted.


4.2#


Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2012, between the Registrant and the investors listed on Schedule 1 thereto.


5.1#


Opinion of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP.


10.1#+


Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its Officers and Directors.


10.2#+


2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and Form of Award Agreements.


10.3#+


2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and Form of Subscription Agreement.


10.4#


Lease Agreement, between Shutterstock Images LLC and Wells 60 Broad Street, LLC, dated November 6, 2008.


10.5#


Amendment to Lease between Wells 60 Broad Street, LLC and Shutterstock Images LLC, dated as of March 21, 2012.


10.6#


Sublease between Shutterstock Images LLC and WJB Capital Group, Inc., dated as of November 18, 2010.


10.7#+


Shutterstock, Inc. Short-Term Incentive Plan.


10.8(a)#+


Employment Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Jonathan Oringer dated September 24, 2012.


10.8(b)#+


Severance and Change in Control Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Jonathan Oringer dated September 24, 2012.


10.9(a)#+


Employment Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Thilo Semmelbauer dated March 21, 2010.


10.9(b)#+


Severance and Change in Control Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Thilo Semmelbauer dated September 24, 2012.


10.9(c)#+


Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between the Registrant and Thilo Semmelbauer.
 
  
 Incorporated By Reference
Exhibit Number Description Form File No. Exhibit(s) Filing Date
 1.1*Form of Underwriting Agreement.          
 2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 5, 2012, between the Registrant and Shutterstock Images LLC. S-1/A  333-181376  2.1 October 5, 2012
 2.2 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 5, 2012, among the Registrant, Shutterstock Investors II, Inc., Insight Venture Partners (Cayman) V, L.P., Shutterstock Investors III, Inc. and Insight Venture Partners V Coinvestment Fund, L.P. S-1/A  333-181376  2.2 October 5, 2012
 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as currently in effect. S-1/A  333-181376  3.2 June 29, 2012
 3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant, as currently in effect. S-1/A  333-181376  3.4 September 27, 2012
 4.1 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 5, 2012, between the Registrant and the investors listed on Schedule 1 thereto. S-1/A  333-181376  4.2 October 5, 2012
 5.1*Opinion of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP.          
 10.1+Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and each of its Officers and Directors. S-1/A  333-181376  10.1 August 30, 2012
 10.2+2012 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and Form of Award Agreements. S-1/A  333-181376  10.2 September 27, 2012
 10.3+2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and Form of Subscription Agreement. S-1/A  333-181376  10.3 June 29, 2012
 10.4 Lease Agreement, between Shutterstock Images LLC and Wells 60 Broad Street, LLC, dated November 6, 2008. S-1  333-181376  10.4 May 14, 2012
 10.5 Amendment to Lease between Wells 60 Broad Street, LLC and Shutterstock Images LLC, dated as of March 21, 2012. S-1  333-181376  10.5 May 14, 2012
 10.6 Sublease between Shutterstock Images LLC and WJB Capital Group, Inc., dated as of November 18, 2010. S-1  333-181376  10.6 May 14, 2012
 10.7+Shutterstock, Inc. Short-Term Incentive Plan. S-1/A  333-181376  10.7 August 30, 2012
 10.8(a)+Employment Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Jonathan Oringer dated September 24, 2012. S-1/A  333-181376  10.8(a)September 27, 2012
 10.8(b)+Severance and Change in Control Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Jonathan Oringer dated September 24, 2012. S-1/A  333-181376  10.8(b)September 27, 2012

Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number
Description
10.10(a)#+Employment Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Timothy E. Bixby dated May 16, 2011.


10.10(b)#+


Severance and Change in Control Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Timothy E. Bixby dated September 24, 2012.


10.11(a)#+


Employment Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and James Chou dated September 24, 2012.


10.11(b)#+


Severance and Change in Control Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and James Chou dated September 24, 2012.


10.12#


Loan and Security Agreement between Silicon Valley Bank and Shutterstock Images LLC dated September 21, 2012.


21.1#


List of Subsidiaries.


23.1


Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.


23.2#


Consent of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).


24.1#


Power of Attorney.


99.1#


Consent of L.E.K. Consulting LLC.
 
  
 Incorporated By Reference
Exhibit Number Description Form File No. Exhibit(s) Filing Date
 10.9(a)+Employment Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Thilo Semmelbauer dated March 21, 2010. S-1/A  333-181376  10.9(a)September 27, 2012
 10.9(b)+Severance and Change in Control Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Thilo Semmelbauer dated September 24, 2012. S-1/A  333-181376  10.9(b)September 27, 2012
 10.9(c)+Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between the Registrant and Thilo Semmelbauer. 10-Q/A  001-35669  10.6(c)December 19, 2012
 10.10(a)+Employment Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Timothy E. Bixby dated May 16, 2011. S-1/A  333-181376  10.10(a)September 27, 2012
 10.10(b)+Severance and Change in Control Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and Timothy E. Bixby dated September 24, 2012. S-1/A  333-181376  10.10(b)September 27, 2012
 10.11(a)+Employment Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and James Chou dated September 24, 2012. S-1/A  333-181376  10.11(a)September 27, 2012
 10.11(b)+Severance and Change in Control Agreement between Shutterstock Images LLC and James Chou dated September 24, 2012. S-1/A  333-181376  10.11(b)September 27, 2012
 10.12 Loan and Security Agreement between Silicon Valley Bank and Shutterstock Images LLC dated September 21, 2012. S-1/A  333-181376  10.12 September 27, 2012
 10.13 Lease Agreement, between Shutterstock, Inc. and Empire State Building Company LLC, dated March 21, 2013. 10-Q  001-35669  10.1 May 10, 2013
 21.1*List of Subsidiaries.          
 23.1*Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.          
 23.2*Consent of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).          
 24.1 Power of Attorney (see page II-4 of the original filing of this Registration Statement).          
 99.1 Consent of L.E.K. Consulting LLC. S-1  333-190805  99.1 August 23, 2013
 101.INS†† XBRL Instance Document          
 101.SCH†† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema          
 101.CAL†† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase          
 101.DEF†† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase          
 101.LAB†† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase          
 101.PRE†† XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase          

#*
Previously filed.Filed herewith.


+
Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

††
XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not otherwise subject to liability under these Sections.