Securities Offered

The numberAn investment in our common stock involves risks. Prior to making a decision about investing in our common stock, you should consider carefully the risks together with all of shares outstanding after this offering is based on shares outstanding as of July 16, 2014, which reflects a one-for-ten reverse stock split effected July 16, 2014 at 5pm EDT. This number does not include:

Our Board of Directors and our stockholders have approved the Energy Focus, Inc. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (“2014 Plan”) under which 600,000 shares were authorized and 580,000 shares remain available for equity award grants. No further awards will be made under the prior plans and the unissued remaining shares under such plans are not available for future awards under the 2014 Planother information contained or any other plan.

In light ofits date only. Because the foregoing, we cautionrisks referred to above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not to place undue reliance on theseany forward-looking statements. AnyFurther, any forward-looking statement that we make in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein speaks only as of the date of such statement,on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to publicly announcereflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which factors may arise. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We qualify all of the information presented in this prospectus, any revision to any of those statements to reflect future events or developments. Comparisons of results for currentprospectus supplement we may file and any prior periods are not intended to express any future trendsdocument incorporated herein or indications of future performance, unless specifically expressed as such,therein by reference, and should only be viewed as historical data.

$2,560,412.10. We currently intend to use the netany cash proceeds of this offering to finance certain capital expenditures andfrom a Warrant exercise for working capital and other general corporate purposes. We expect these expenditures to include:

The foregoing describes our present estimates of our useTo the extent the resale of the net proceedsshares of this offering based on our current planscommon stock underlying the Warrants is registered under the Securities Act and estimatesthere is a prospectus available for such registered resale, holders of anticipated expenses. Our actual expenditureswarrants are required to pay the exercise price for the Warrants in cash. If no such registration statement and prospectus are available, the Warrants may vary from these estimates. Accordingly, our management will have broad discretion inbe exercised through cashless exercise, where the amount and timingholder of the applicationWarrant receives fewer shares upon exercise of their Warrant, but does not pay the net proceedsCompany any cash to our working capitalexercise the Warrant.

MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND OTHER STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Our common stock is quoted on the OTCQB Marketplace under the symbol “EFOI.” Our common stock has been approved for listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the same symbol concurrently with the closing of this offering.

The following table sets forth the high and low market sales prices per share for our common stock as reported by OTC Markets, after giving effect to the one-for-ten reverse stock split3,441,803 shares of our common stock effected on July 16, 2014:

Effective January 15, 2013, ourat a purchase price of $0.674 per share (the “Common Stock Offering”). The 3,441,803 shares of common stock was deletedsold in the Common Stock Offering were offered and sold pursuant to a prospectus, dated December 12, 2018, and a prospectus supplement dated January 9, 2020, in connection with a takedown from our shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-228255).

Stockholders

There were approximately 129 holdersshares of record of our common stock assold in the Common Stock Offering, for a purchase price of July 16, 2014.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We$0.125 per underlying Warrant Share and with an exercise price of $0.674 per Warrant Share (the “Private Placement”). Subject to certain ownership limitations, the Private Placement Warrants are exercisable upon issuance. Subject to limited exceptions, a holder of Warrants will not have never declaredthe right to exercise any portion of its Warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99%, or paid dividends on our common stock, nor do we anticipate paying any dividends for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the operations and expansion of our business.In addition, the Financing Agreement, dated December 22, 2011, that we entered into with Rosenthal & Rosenthal, Inc., bars us from declaring a dividend to our stockholders until we fulfill our payment obligations in full.Any future determination to pay dividends will be9.99% at the discretioninvestor’s election, of our Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the earnings, financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors as deemed necessary by our Board of Directors.

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our consolidated capitalization as of March 31, 2014:

This table should be read in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial and Other Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Description of Capital Stock” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. The following tables set forth information about our common stock after giving effect to the one-for-ten reverse stock split effected on July 16, 2014.

The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise, provided that the holder may increase or decrease the beneficial ownership limitation up to 9.99%, provided, further, that any increase in the beneficial ownership limitation shall not be effective until the 61st day following notice of such change to the Company. The Private Placement Warrants will expire on the fifth year anniversary of the date of issuance. The closing of the Common Stock Offering and Private Placement occurred on January 13, 2020.

The commercial and industrial market is defined as non-residential properties and applications and includes office buildings, warehouses and parking garages. In a typical U.S. commercial office building, lighting consumes an averagesuccessors-in-interest, may, from time to time, sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of 25% of the energy within the building, second only to energy used to heat buildings.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Advanced Energy Retrofit Guide, Office Buildings, 2006

Our focus consists of replacing fluorescent lamps in troffer (i.e., standard office building recessed linear lighting) fixtures, high-bay fixtures, and parking garage luminaries with our TLED lamps. According to the “2010 U.S. Market Lighting Characterization” report published by the U.S. Department of Energy in January 2012, there were approximately 1.8 billion linear fluorescent lamps in the United States in the non-residential market in 2010. Based on these statistics and our calculations, we believe this total addressable market for our TLEDs in the U.S. alone is in excess of $25 billion.

Military and Maritime Market

Within the military and maritime market, we are focused on four main end markets: the United States Navy (“USN”), the Military Sea Lift Command (“MSC”), the United States Coast Guard (“USCG”) and foreign navies. Based upon our estimates, the total addressable market for Energy Focus is in excess of $1 billion, the majority of which is the fighting fleet of the USN to whom we provide our patented M1 2-foot LED T12 replacement lamp. The rigorous Navy Spec (16377 USN SSL) is a barrier to entry, and we provide the only approved LED fluorescent replacement lamps for the USN. Our product offering into this market also includes LED berth lights and hazloc globes. Based on published information from the USN and MSC, the total ship count of the USN fighting fleet is 298 and the MSC ship count is 125. The number of fluorescent lamps on the ships in our target market could range from several hundred for a submarine to tens of thousands for an aircraft carrier.

We are expanding our reach beyond military vessels and into commercial freighter ships, which we believe to number several times that of the USN and MSC ship totals combined. This addressable market is much larger than the U.S. military and we believe that it offers Energy Focus the opportunity to service a multi-billion dollar maritime lighting market in excess of $3 billion, based upon our estimates.

Energy Services Companies

Energy services companies,any or ESCOs, are principally a group of 16 companies founded primarily in the 1990s, which have become known as the “Super 16.” These super ESCOs provide energy savings programs to both federal and public sector facilities through energy conservation measures. According to a 2008 Department of Energy Report, the “Super 16” firms were awarded Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity (“IDIQ”) contracts for up to $5 billion each, for total potential energy-savings projects worth $80 billion. Based on reports that lighting consumes 25% of power in commercial buildings, we estimate that the IDIQ contracts for lighting projects could total approximately $20 billion.

Our primary focus in this market is providing turnkey, high-quality, energy-efficient LED lighting application alternatives, primarily to the existing public-sector building market.These public-sector buildings include Federal and MUSH (municipalities, universities, school and hospitals) commercial grade properties. The success in this market channel is predicated on state executive orders and legislation that require or encourage energy use reduction and performance contracting for state and local government facilities enacted to allow for third party financing based on energy savings to pay for the loans needed to upgrade federal and public controlled facilities.

Energy Focus concentrates on providing TLEDs to lighting retrofit contractors (“LRCs”) who physically replace the fluorescent lamps with TLEDs under subcontract to the super ESCOs. We have established relationships with many of these ESCOs and LRCs through our Energy Focus LED Solutions, LLC subsidiary and offer services ranging from training and education to full turn-key solutions.

Our Products

We produce, source, and/or market a wide variety of lighting technologies to serve our primary end markets, including the following:

The key features of our products are as follows:

Through our solutions segment, we partner with ESCOs where we specialize in developing and designing lighting retrofit solutions that generate guaranteed financial returns by using highly innovative lighting technologies. Our services include comprehensive lighting and energy audits, lighting design and solution development, turnkey lighting implementation, LEED ready lighting upgrades, and pre and post upgrade monitoring and measurement.

We are aggressively expanding our efforts to sell our LED linear replacement lamps into the general commercial and industrial sectors. We plan to open regional sales offices in strategic areas of the U.S. to extend our presence in certain key cities.

We continue to seek to aggressively penetrate the government and military lighting markets. In this regard, we have many products being actively marketed to United States federal government agencies through our distribution partners as well as our direct sales force and online web presence.

Strengths and Strategy

Our long-term strategy is to continue to penetrate the existing commercial and industrial building, and military and maritime lighting markets by providing turnkey, comprehensive and cost competitive energy-efficient lighting solutions that utilize our energy-efficient LED lighting products. We will continue to focus on markets where the economic benefits of our lighting solutions offerings are most compelling. These markets include the U.S. Navy, municipalities, universities, schools, hospitals, office buildings, parking garages, supermarkets, retail chains, warehouse facilities and manufacturing environments. The passage of the Energy Savings Performance Contracts legislation in nearly all the U.S. states and EISA 2007 by Congress created a natural market for our energy-efficient products due to certain mandated efficiency standards that our products meet.

Since many of our products today are more efficient than traditional lighting products such as incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps, our focus is to increase awareness and knowledge of our technology and offerings within our target markets and to establish comprehensive distribution channels so that we can reach as many potential customers as possible and as soon as possible.

Our strengths, which we believe provide a strategic competitive advantage, include the following:

Our tactical approach to implement our long-term strategy includes:

Through our strengths and these actions, we seek to achieve the following objectives:

Over the last 12 months, we made progress in our plan to reposition the Company for growth and profitability including:

Sales, Marketing, and Distribution of our Offerings Portfolio

Products

Our products are sold through a combination of direct sales employees, independent sales representatives, and distributors in different geographic markets throughout the world. We continue to seek to aggressively penetrate the government, and military and maritime lighting markets through our direct sales force, as well as our distribution partners, and online presence. Within the commercial and industrial lighting business unit, we continue to focus on direct corporate accounts, general contractors, and LRCs especially in the property management, retail, hospitality and health care markets, and especially in geographic areas with strong energy rebate programs offered by utilities companies. We also distribute our products through our EFLS subsidiary.

Solutions

Our solutions-based sales are designed to enhance total value by providing turnkey, high-quality, energy-efficient lighting application alternatives that positively impact customers’ profitability, the environment, and the communities served. These solutions are sold through our EFLS subsidiary, formerly known as Stones River Companies, LLC, and include comprehensive lighting and energy audits, lighting design and solution development, turnkey lighting implementation, LEED ready lighting upgrades, and pre and post upgrade monitoring and measurement. Whenever and wherever economic values are compelling, EFLS aims to provide 100% LED lighting retrofit solutions to target customers.

Through EFLS, we target the existing public building market, particularly municipalities, universities, schools and hospitals, as well as industrial and manufacturing facilities. EFLS’s current direct customers are large national ESCOs that provide energy-efficient upgrades around the country.

Concentration of Sales

In 2013, sales to our ten largest customers from continuing operations accounted for approximately 60% of net sales. Customers accounting for greater than 10% of our net sales from continuing operations include Johnson Controls, Inc., which accounted for approximately 14%, the U.S. Navy, which accounted for approximately 13%, and Seiberlich Trane, which accounted for approximately 12%.

Competition

Our commercial lighting products compete against a variety of lighting products, including conventional light sources such as incandescent light bulbs, metal halide lamps, compact fluorescent lamps, as well as LEDs and other decorative lighting technologies. Our ability to compete depends substantially upon the superior performance and lower lifecycle cost of our products and services. Principal competitors in our markets include large lamp manufacturers, lighting fixture companies, distributors, lighting retrofit companies, and ESCOs whose financial resources may substantially exceed ours. These competitors may introduce new or improved products that may reduce or eliminate some of the competitive advantage of our products. We anticipate that the primary competition for our products will come from new technologies that offer increased energy efficiency, lower maintenance costs, and/or lower heat radiation.

In our Navy product line, we compete with a small number of qualified military lighting lamp and fixture suppliers, who in the future might also provide LED lighting products. In certain commercial applications, we compete with LED systems produced by large lighting companies such as Royal Philips, CREE, Inc., Osram Sylvania and GE, Inc. In traditional commercial lighting applications, we compete primarily with local and regional lighting manufacturers that, in many cases, are more established in their local markets than us. Some of these competitors offer products with performance characteristics similar to those of our products.

Our EFLS solutions business competes against other lighting retrofit companies, as well as some traditional ESCOs that self-perform the lighting component of their projects. We compete primarily on the basis of financial impact, technology, light quality and design, client relationships, lighting application knowledge, energy efficiency, customer service and marketing support.

Manufacturing and Suppliers

Prior to the fourth quarter of 2013, many of our products were manufactured under a Production Share Agreement with a contract manufacturer and assembler in Mexico, North American Production Sharing, Inc. and Industrias Unidas de BC, SA de CV (“NAPS”). Under this agreement, NAPS provided administrative and manufacturing services, including labor services and the use of manufacturing facilities in Mexico, for the manufacturing and assembly of certain fiber optic and LED lighting systems, equipment and related components. During the third quarter of 2013, we relocated our manufacturing operation from Mexico to our then existing facilities in Pleasanton, California and Solon, Ohio. Due to the sale of the Company’s pool products business in November 2013 and the closing of our facilities in Pleasanton, California, all in-house production was moved to our Solon, Ohio facility.

We continue to produce our lighting systems through a combination of internal manufacturing and assembly, and sourced finished goods. Our internal lighting system manufacturing consists primarily of final assembly, testing, and quality control. We have worked with a number of our vendors to design custom components to meet our specific needs. Our quality assurance program provides for testing of all sub-assemblies at key stages in the assembly process, as well as testing of finished products produced both internally and sourced through third parties.   In some cases, we rely upon a single supplier to source certain components, sub-assemblies or finished goods.

Research and Development

Research and development has remained a key focus of our Company; accordingly, we have committed substantial resources to this endeavor. Our research and development team is dedicated to continuous improvement and innovation of our LED lighting technologies.

Research and development expense, net of credits from government agencies, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $597 thousand and $368 thousand, respectively. Research and development income, net of expenses, for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $515 thousand.

Our recent achievements include:

2013:We were awarded a total of $0.76 million in research contracts and grants. In April 2013, we were awarded approximately $0.16 million in a subcontract under the Department of Defense (“DoD”) for the development of a portable energy efficient shelter lighting fixture. In August 2013, we were awarded approximately $0.45 million of the anticipated $1.2 million we learned of in December 2012, by the Executive Control Board of the National Shipbuilding Research Program (“NSRP”) for the first Phase in the development of a “New Best” LED lighting solution for the U.S. Navy’s 2-bulb fluorescent fixture. NSRP is a collaboration of U.S. Shipyards that focus on common issues with a goal of reducing the cost of acquiring, operating and maintaining Navy Ships. This new best solution utilizes our existing Intellitube® product. In September, we were awarded approximately $0.15 million by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (“NASA”) for the development of technology applicable to a 4-ft LED fluorescent replacement tube.

2012:We were awarded a total of $1.2 million in research contracts and grants. We were awarded approximately $0.9 million to develop next generation lighting for future U.S. Navy vessels. Like our smaller berth light that has been sailing in the Virginia Class Nuclear submarines for almost two years, this next generation lighting will utilize a larger version of our optical wave guide technology. In January 2012, we were awarded $0.1 million in a subcontract under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (“DARPA”) on the Manufacturable Gradient Index Optics Phase 2 BAA, where in part, we explored further optical advancements to Intellitube® technology. In November 2012, we were awarded a $0.2 million Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (“SBIR”) contract from the Department of Energy (“DoE”) for “Lighting Controls Software for Self-Commissioning and Optimized Energy Savings,” where we further develop the ultra low cost sensor network to compliment Intellitube®, the Company’s LED based fluorescent replacement technology. Additionally, in December, we learned that we were selected to receive funding for at least a $1.2 million award by the Executive Control Board of the NSRP for the development of a “New Best” LED lighting solution for the U.S. Navy’s 2-bulb fluorescent fixture. NSRP is a collaboration of U.S. Shipyards that focus on common issues with a goal of reducing the cost of acquiring, operating and maintaining Navy Ships. This new solution utilizes our existing Intellitube® product.

2011:We were awarded $26.1 million in government supply contracts and in research contracts and grants in 2011. In March 2011, we received a $1.0 million grant from the State of Ohio Third Frontier to develop a photovoltaic “wall-pack” unit for outdoor LED lighting. In April 2011, we received a Phase 2 Small Business Technology Transfer (“STTR”) grant for $0.6 million from NASA for “Innovative Solid State Lighting Replacements for Industrial and Test Facility Locations.” In May 2011, we received a $0.4 million increase in funding for the “Very High Efficiency Solar Cell (“VHESC”) program. In July 2011, we received a $1.0 million grant from the State of Ohio Third Frontier to develop an ultra-low cost light sensor to compliment Intellitube®. In August 2011 we received a $23.1 million supply contract to provide LED fixtures and our proprietary Intellitube® LED lamps for use on the U.S. Navy Fleet. The government has the right to change quantities throughout the life of this supply contract.

Intellectual Property

We have a policy of seeking to protect our intellectual property through patents, license agreements, trademark registrations, confidential disclosure agreements and trade secrets, as management deems appropriate. Our intellectual property portfolio consists of 79 issued United States and foreign patents, of which 43 are currently in force, various pending United States patent applications, and various pending Patent Cooperation Treaty patent applications filed with the World Intellectual Property Organization that serve as the basis for national patent filings in countries of interest. Our issued patents expire at various times between September 2014 and May 2031.

Generally, the term of patent protection is twenty years from the earliest effective filing date of the patent application. There can be no assurance; however, that our issued patents are valid or that any patents applied for will be issued, and that our competitors or customers will not copy aspects of our lighting systems or obtain information that we regard as proprietary. There can also be no assurance that others will not independently develop products similar to ours. The laws of some foreign countries in which we sell or may sell our products do not protect proprietary rights to products to the same extent as the laws of the United States.

Insurance and Bonding

All of our properties and equipment are covered by insurance and we believe that such insurance is adequate. In addition, we maintain general liability and workers compensation insurance in amounts that we believe are consistent with our risk of loss and industry practice. In regard to our solutions segment, we are often required to provide various types of surety bonds as an additional level of security of our performance. We have a surety arrangement with one surety carrier to which we provide cash collateral relating to our surety bonding program. We believe that this cash collateral is sufficient to support our current bonding requirements.

Employees

As of December 31, 2013, we had 59 employees, 13 of whom are located in the United Kingdom and 46 in the United States. None of our employees are subject to any collective bargaining agreement.

Business Segments

We have two reportable segments: products and solutions. The products segment includes the marketing and sale of commercial, industrial, government, and military and maritime lighting products, and research and development services. Our products are sold primarily in North America, Europe, and the Far East through a combination of direct sales employees, independent sales representatives and distributors. Our solutions segment provides turnkey, high-quality, energy-efficient lighting application alternatives, which are designed to enhance total value by positively impacting customers’ profitability, the environment and the communities served. These solutions are sold through our EFLS subsidiary, and include not only our proprietary energy-efficient lighting LED solutions, but also sourced lighting systems, energy audits and service agreements.

Available Information

Our website is located athttp://www.energyfocusinc.com. We make available free of charge, on or through our website, our annual, quarterly, and current reports, as well as any amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing such reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Information contained on our website is not part of this prospectus.

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB Marketplace operated by the OTC Markets Group, Inc., or OTCQB, under the symbol “EFOI.” Our common stock has been approved for listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the same symbol concurrently with the closing of this offering.

Our common stock is generally considered to be “thinly-traded.” We cannot assure you that a liquid trading market for our common stock will be developed or sustained after this offering. The sale of a substantial amount of our common stock in the public market after this offering could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock.

Upon completion of this offering, we expect to have approximately 10,524,961 outstanding shares of common stock, excluding any shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option or the Underwriter Compensation Warrants. All of the shares of common stock sold inoffered by this offering will be freely tradable without restrictionprospectus from time to time on any stock exchange, market or further registration under the Securities Act, unlesstrading facility on which the shares are purchasedtraded or in private transactions. These dispositions may be at fixed prices, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market price, at varying prices determined at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling shares:

agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser in amounts to be negotiated. The Company registeredselling stockholders do not expect these commissions and discounts relating to its sales of shares to exceed what is customary in the types of transactions involved.

Lock-Up Agreements

We have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, for a period of 90 days after the date of the underwriting agreement, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock either owned as of the date of the underwriting agreement or thereafter acquired, without the prior written consent of the representative of the underwriters. These restrictions on future issuances are subject to exceptions for (i) the issuance of our common stock sold in this offering, (ii) the issuance of our common stock upon the exercise of existing options or outstanding warrants and the vesting of restricted stock awards, (iii) the issuance of employee stock options and the grant of restricted stock awards or restricted stock units pursuant to our equity incentive plans and (iv) the issuance of our common stock pursuant to any employee stock purchase plan of ours. This 90-day period may be extended if (1) during the last 17 days of the 90-day period, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event regarding us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 90-day period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 90-day period, then the period of such extension will be 18 days, beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event. If after any announcement described in clause (2) of the preceding sentence, we announce that we will not release earnings results during the 16-day period, the lock-up period shall expire the later of the expiration of the 90-day period and the end of any extension of such period made pursuant to clause (1) of the preceding sentence. The representative of the underwriters may, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the lock-up period, without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements.

In addition, each of our directors, executive officers and certain stockholders are entering into a lock-up agreement with the representative of the underwriters. Under the lock-up agreements, the directors, executive officers and certain stockholders may not, directly or indirectly, sell, offer to sell, contract to sell, or grant any option for the sale (including any short sale), grant any security interest in, pledge, hypothecate, hedge, establish an open “put equivalent position” (within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(h) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), or otherwise dispose of, or enter into any transaction which is designed to or could be expected to result in the disposition of, any of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, or publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing, without the prior written consent of the representative of the underwriters, for a period of 90 days, subject to an 18 day extension under certain circumstances, from the closing date of this offering. This consent may be given at any time without public notice. These restrictions on future dispositions by our directors, executive officers and certain stockholders are subject to exceptions for (i) bona fide gifts and (ii) transfers to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of immediate family members, or to certain affiliates, in each case so long as the transferee agrees to be bound by these restrictions.

Generally, an individual may be treated as a resident of the U.S. in any calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes by, among other ways, being present in the U.S. for at least 31 days in that calendar year and for an aggregate of at least 183 days during a three-year period ending in the current calendar year. For purposes of this calculation, such individual would count all of the days in which the individual was present in the current year, one-third of the days present in the immediately preceding year, and one-sixth of the days present in the second preceding year. Residents are taxed for U.S. federal income tax purposes as if they were citizens of the U.S.

This summary does not consider the tax consequences for partnerships, entities classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or persons who hold their interests through a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If a partnership, including any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes,following is a beneficial owner of common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships that are beneficial ownersbrief description of our common stock and, partners in such partnerships, should consult their tax advisors regardingto the tax consequences to themextent the rights of the ownership and dispositionSeries A Preferred Stock may materially limit or qualify the rights evidenced by our common stock, we describe our Series A Preferred Stock. This description of the terms of our common stock.

This summary applies only to non-U.S. holders who acquire our common stock pursuant to this offering and who hold our common stock as a capital asset (generally property held for investment). This summary generally does not address tax considerations that may be relevant to particular investors because of their specific circumstances, or because they are subject to special rules. Certain former U.S. citizens or long-term residents, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies, corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax, life insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, dealers in securities or currencies, brokers, banks or other financial institutions, certain trusts, hybrid entities, pension funds and investors that hold our common stock as part of a hedge, straddle or conversion transaction are among those categories of potential investors that are subject to special rules not covered in this discussion. This summary does not address any U.S. federal gift tax consequences, or state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences. This summary does not provide a complete analysis of all potential tax considerations. The information provided below is based on existing authorities. These authorities may change, or the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), might interpret the existing authorities differently. In either case, the tax considerations of owning or disposing of common stock could differ from those described below.

INVESTORS CONSIDERING THE PURCHASE OF COMMON STOCK SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME AND ESTATE TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF OTHER U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, OR LOCAL OR NON-U.S. LAWS AND ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.

Dividends

As discussed under “Dividend Policy” above, we do not currently expect to pay regular dividends on our common stock. Any payments of cash and other property that we make to our stockholders with respect to our common stock will constitute dividends to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. To the extent those dividends exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the dividends will constitute a return of capital and will first reduce a holder’s basis, but not below zero, and then will be treated as gain from the sale of stock.

The gross amount of any dividend (out of earnings and profits) paid to a non-U.S. holder of common stock generally will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 30% unless the holder is entitled to an exemption from or reduced rate of withholding under an applicable income tax treaty. In order to receive an exemption or a reduced treaty rate, prior to the payment of a dividend, a non-U.S. holder must provide us with an IRS Form W-8BEN (or successor form) certifying qualification for the exemption or reduced rate.

Dividends received by a non-U.S. holder that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by the non-U.S. holder (and dividends attributable to a non-U.S. holder’s permanent establishment in the U.S. if an income tax treaty applies) are exempt from this withholding tax. To obtain this exemption, prior to the payment of a dividend, a non-U.S. holder must provide us with an IRS Form W-8ECI (or successor form) properly certifying this exemption. Effectively connected dividends (or dividends attributable to a permanent establishment in the U.S. if an income tax treaty applies), although not subject to withholding tax, are taxed at the same graduated rates applicable to U.S. persons, net of certain deductions and credits. In addition, dividends received by a corporate non-U.S. holder that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the corporate non-U.S. holder (or dividends attributable to a corporate non-U.S. holder’s permanent establishment in the U.S. if an income tax treaty applies) may also be subject to a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty).

A non-U.S. holder who provides us with an IRS Form W-8BEN or an IRS Form W-8ECI will be required to periodically update such form.

A non-U.S. holder of common stock that is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty may obtain a refund of any excess amounts currently withheld if an appropriate claim for refund is timely filed with the IRS.

Gain on Disposition of Common Stock

A non-U.S. holder will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gains realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of common stock unless:

If we become a U.S. real property holding corporation after this offering, so long as our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market and continues to be so traded, a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain recognized from the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of our common stock as a result of such status unless (i) such holder actually or constructively owned more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the shorter of (A) the five-year period preceding the disposition, or (B) the holder’s holding period for our common stock, and (ii) we were a U.S. real property holding corporation at any time during such period when the more than 5% ownership test was met. If any gain on your disposition is taxable because we are a U.S. real property holding corporation and your ownership of our common stock exceeds 5%, you will be taxed on such disposition generally in the manner applicable to U.S. persons. Any such non-U.S. holder that owns or has owned, actually or constructively, more than 5% of our common stock is urged to consult that holder’s own tax advisor with respect to the particular tax consequences to such holder for the gain from the sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of our common stock if we were to be or to become a U.S. real property holding corporation.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Generally, we must report annually to the IRS the amount of dividends paid, the name and address of the recipient, and the amount, if any, of tax withheld. A similar report is sent to the recipient. Pursuant to tax treaties or other agreements, the IRS may make its reports available to tax authorities in the non-U.S. holder’s country of residence.

Payments of dividends or of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a non-U.S. holder may be subject to additional information reporting and backup withholding. Backup withholding will not apply if the non-U.S. holder establishes an exemption, for example, by properly certifying its non-U.S. person status on an IRS Form W-8BEN (or successor form). Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the holder is a U.S. person.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the U.S. federal income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a credit or refund may be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS in a timely manner.

Legislation Relating to Foreign Accounts

Under legislation enacted in 2010, a 30% U.S. federal withholding tax will be imposed on dividends on stock of U.S. corporations, and on the gross proceeds from the disposition of such stock, paid to a “foreign financial institution” (as specially defined for this purpose), unless such institution enters into an agreement with the U.S. Treasury to collect and provide to the U.S. Treasury substantial information regarding its U.S. account holders and certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners. A 30% U.S. federal withholding tax will also apply to dividends paid on stock of U.S. corporations and on the gross proceeds from the disposition of such stock paid to a non-financial foreign entity unless such entity provides the withholding agent with a certification that it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or a certification identifying the direct and indirect substantial U.S. owners of the entity. The withholding taxes described above generally will apply to dividend payments made after June 30, 2014 and payments of gross proceeds made after December 31, 2016. Under certain circumstances, a non-U.S. holder may be eligible for refunds or credits of such withholding taxes. Investors are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of these rules to their investment in our common stock.

U.S. Federal Estate Tax

The estates of nonresident alien individuals are generally subject to U.S. federal estate tax on property with a U.S. situs. Because we are a U.S. corporation, our common stock will be U.S. situs property and therefore will be included in the taxable estate of a nonresident alien decedent. The U.S. federal estate tax liability of the estate of a nonresident alien may be affected by a tax treaty between the U.S. and the decedent’s country of residence.

UNDERWRITING

We have entered into an underwriting agreement with Roth Capital Partners, LLC, as representative of the underwriters named below (which may collectively be referred to as the "underwriter"), with respect to the shares of common stock subject to this offering. Subject to certain conditions, we have agreed to sell to each underwriter and each underwriter has agreed to purchase, the number of shares of common stock provided below opposite its name.

(1) Northland Capital Markets is the trade name for certain capital markets and investment banking services of Northland Securities, Inc., member FINRA/SIPC.

The underwriter is offering the shares of common stock, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, such as the receipt by the underwriter of officer’s certificates and legal opinions.The underwriter is obligated to take and pay for all of the shares if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriter is not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriter’s overallotment option described below.

Overallotment Option

We have granted the underwriter an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of 375,000 additional shares of common stock, if any, at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriter may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering overallotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares offered by this prospectus.

Commissions, Discounts and Expenses

The underwriter has advised us that it proposes to offer the shares of common stock to the public initially at the public offering prices set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $                       per share. After this offering, the initial public offering price and concession may be changed by the underwriter. No such change shall change the amount of proceeds to be received by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The per share price of common stock is offered by the underwriter as stated herein, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and subject to their right to reject any order in whole or in part. The underwriter has informed us that it does not intend to confirm sales to any accounts over which it exercises discretionary authority.

The following table shows the underwriting discounts and commissions payable to the underwriter by us in connection with this offering. Such amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriter’s overallotment option to purchase additional shares.

We estimate that expenses payable by us in connection with this offering, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions referred to above, will be approximately $358,092. We have agreed to reimburse the underwriter up to an aggregate of $125,000 for certain reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, including certain legal fees of underwriter’s counsel. The underwriter has not been granted a right of first refusal in connection with this offering.

Underwriter Compensation Warrants

We have also agreed to issue to the Underwriter Compensation Warrants, which entitle the underwriter to purchase a number of our shares of common stock equal to an aggregate of 4% of the shares of common stock sold in this offering (excluding any shares subject to the overallotment option). The warrants will have an exercise price equal to 120% of the public offering price of the shares of common stock sold in this offering and may be exercised on a cashless basis. The warrants are not redeemable by us. We intend to register the resale of the underwriter’s shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the underwriter’s warrants promptly following completion of this offering. The warrants will provide for adjustment in the number and price of such warrants (and the shares of common stock underlying such warrants) in the event of recapitalization, merger or other fundamental transaction.

The warrants and the underlying shares of common stock have been deemed compensation by FINRA and are therefore subject to FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1). In accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(1), neither the underwriter warrants nor any shares of our common stock issued upon exercise of the underwriter warrants may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities by any person for a period of 180 days immediately following the date of effectiveness of the registration statement for this offering, except for transfers of any security:

In addition, the exercise or conversion of any security is not prohibited if all securities received remain subject to the lock-up restriction set forth above for the remainder of the time period.

The warrants do not contain terms prohibited by FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(H).

Indemnification

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriter against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement, or to contribute to payments that the underwriter may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

Lock-up Agreements

We have agreed, subject to limited exceptions, for a period of 90 days after the date of the underwriting agreement, not to offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, grant any option to purchase, make any short sale or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any common stock or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock either owned as of the date of the underwriting agreement or thereafter acquired, without the prior written consent of the underwriter. These restrictions on future issuances are subject to exceptions for (i) the issuance of our common stock sold in this offering, (ii) the issuance of our common stock upon the exercise of existing options or outstanding warrants and the vesting of restricted stock awards, (iii) the issuance of employee stock options and the grant of restricted stock awards or restricted stock units pursuant to our equity incentive plans and (iv) the issuance of our common stock pursuant to any employee stock purchase plan of ours. This 90-day period may be extended if (1) during the last 17 days of the 90-day period, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event regarding us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 90-day period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 90-day period, then the period of such extension will be 18 days, beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event. If after any announcement described in clause (2) of the preceding sentence, we announce that we will not release earnings results during the 16-day period, the lock-up period shall expire the later of the expiration of the 90-day period and the end of any extension of such period made pursuant to clause (1) of the preceding sentence. The underwriter may, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the lock-up period, without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements.

In addition, each of our directors, executive officers and certain stockholders are entering into a lock-up agreement with the underwriter. Under the lock-up agreements, the directors, executive officers and certain stockholders may not, directly or indirectly, sell, offer to sell, contract to sell, or grant any option for the sale (including any short sale), grant any security interest in, pledge, hypothecate, hedge, establish an open “put equivalent position” (within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(h) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act), or otherwise dispose of, or enter into any transaction which is designed to or could be expected to result in the disposition of, any of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, or publicly announce any intention to do any of the foregoing, without the prior written consent of the underwriter, for a period of 90 days, subject to an 18 day extension under certain circumstances, from the closing date of this offering. This consent may be given at any time without public notice. These restrictions on future dispositions by our directors, executive officers and certain stockholders are subject to exceptions for (i) bona fide gifts and (ii) transfers to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of immediate family members, or to certain affiliates, in each case so long as the transferee agrees to be bound by these restrictions.

Electronic Distribution

This prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the underwriter, or by its affiliates. Other than this prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by any underwriter is not part of this prospectus, the related registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or any underwriter in its capacity as underwriter, and should not be relied upon by investors.

Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids

In connection with the offering the underwriter may engage in stabilizing transactions, overallotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act:

These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. Neither we nor the underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the common stock. In addition, neither we nor the underwriter make any representations that the underwriter will engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

Other

The underwriter and/or its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking and other financial services for us for which services they may in the future receive customary fees. Except for services provided in connection with this offering, the underwriter has not provided any investment banking or other financial services during the 180-day period preceding the date of this prospectus and we do not expect to retain the underwriter to perform any investment banking or other financial services for at least 90 days after the date of this prospectus.

Notice to Investors

Notice to Investors in the United Kingdom

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”) an offer to the public of any securities which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus may not be made in that Relevant Member State except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any such securities may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:

(a) to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

(b) to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;

(c) by the underwriter to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive); or

(d) in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, provided that no such offer of these securities shall result in a requirement for the publication by the issuer or the underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any of the securities in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any such securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any such securities, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.

The underwriter has represented, warranted and agreed that:

(a) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the FSMA)) received by it in connection with the issue or sale of any of the securities in circumstances in which section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to the issuer; and

(b) it has complied with and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the securities in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

European Economic Area

In particular, this document does not constitute an approved prospectus in accordance with European Commission’s Regulation on Prospectuses no. 809/2004 and no such prospectus is to be prepared and approved in connection with this offering. Accordingly, in relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (being the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2003/71/EC and including any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State) (each, a Relevant Member State), with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the Relevant Implementation Date) an offer of securities to the public may not be made in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to such securities which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of securities to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer of securities to the public” in relation to any of the securities in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the securities, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State. For these purposes the shares and warrants offered hereby are “securities.”

Switzerland

This document does not constitute a prospectus within the meaning of Art. 652a of the Swiss Code of Obligations. Our common stock may not be sold directly or indirectly in or into Switzerland except in a manner which will not result in a public offering within the meaning of the Swiss Code of Obligations. Neither this document nor any other offering materials relating to our common stock may be distributed, published or otherwise made available in Switzerland except in a manner which will not constitute a public offer of our common stock in Switzerland.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

The following summary of certain provisions of our securities does not purport to be complete. You should refercomplete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable provisions of Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, and the full text of our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, bothbylaws.

General. The Company is authorized to issue 15,000,000following:

Voting. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by stockholders. In accordance with Delaware law, the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented and voting at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the stockholders. The shares of common stock have no pre-emptive rights, no redemption or sinking fund provisions, and are not liable for further call or assessment.

Dividends. The holders

Liquidation.

directors. These provisions include:

Advance Notice Procedures. Our bylaws establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to the Boardboard of Directors.directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting are only able to consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Boardboard of Directorsdirectors or by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has given our Secretary timely written notice, in accordance with our bylaws, of the stockholder’s intention to bring that business before the meeting. Although the bylaws do not give the Boardboard of Directorsdirectors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting, the bylaws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquiroracquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of the Company.

hereby.

accounting.

You may also obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the Public Reference Room.

You maythat we subsequently file with the SEC that is incorporated by reference as described above will automatically update and supersede any previous information that is part of this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein. Nothing in this prospectus shall be deemed to incorporate information furnished but not filed with the SEC pursuant to Items 2.02, 7.01 or 9.01 of Form 8-K.