As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 16, 2018

March 23, 2020

Registration No. 333-


[                  ]

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION


Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT


UNDER

UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Cadiz Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware77-0313235
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

550 South Hope Street


Suite 2850


Los Angeles, California 90071


(213) 271-1600


(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,

including area code, of registrant'sregistrant’s principal executive offices)

Timothy J. Shaheen


Chief Financial Officer


550 South Hope Street


Suite 2850


Los Angeles, California 90071


(213) 271-1600


(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,

including area code, of agent for service)

With a copy

Copies of communications to:

Kevin Friedmann, Esq.


Greenberg Traurig, LLP


1840 Century Park East

Suite 1900


Los Angeles, California 90067


(310) 586-7747

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement, as determined by market conditions and other factors.

Statement.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. 

£

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. Sþ

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  £

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  £

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  £

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  £

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrantregistrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of "large“large accelerated filer," "accelerated” “accelerated filer," "smaller” “smaller reporting company," and "emerging“emerging growth company"company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):

Large accelerated filer £
Accelerated filerSþ
Non-accelerated filer £
Smaller reporting companySþ
Emerging growth company£

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐


CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of each class of
securities to be registered (1)
Proposed
maximum
aggregate
offering price (2)(3)
Amount of
registration fee (3)
Debt Securities (4)  
Common Stock  
Preferred Stock  
Warrants (5)  
Units (6)  
Subscription Rights to purchase Preferred or Common Stock or Units  
Total$100,000,000$12,120

(1)Information with respect to each class is omitted pursuant to General Instruction II.D of Form S-3.  An indeterminate amount of the securities are being registered as may from time to time be issued at indeterminate prices as may be determined by the Registrant.
(2)Includes such indeterminate amounts of securities as may be issued upon exercise, conversion or exchange of, or pursuant to anti-dilution adjustments with respect to, securities that provide for such issuance, exercise, conversion, exchange or adjustment.  Also includes such indeterminate amount as may be issued in Units.  Separate consideration may or may not be received for any of these securities.
(3)

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered Amount to be
Registered(1)
 Proposed
Maximum
Offering Price
per Share
  Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate Offering Price
  Amount of
Registration Fee
 
Series 1 Preferred Stock, Par Value $0.01 per Share (“Preferred Shares”) 10,000 Shares(2)$

3,826.71

(3) $38,267,098.75  $

4,967.07

  
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share, underlying Preferred Shares 4,050,500 Shares(2) -(4)  -(4)  -(4)
Common Stock acquired upon conversion of 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020 (the “Notes”) 2,589,674 Shares(5) -(6)  -(6)  -(6)
Other shares of Common Stock 1,022,464 Shares  

9.45

(7)  9,659,728.64  $

1,253.83

  
Total            

6,220.90

  

(1)This registration statement registers the offer and sale of (i) 10,000 shares of our Preferred Shares, (ii) 4,050,500 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, that may be acquired by selling securityholders upon conversion of the Preferred Shares (“Preferred Conversion Shares”), (iii) 2,589,674 shares of our common stock acquired by selling securityholders upon conversion of principal and accretion under a portion of original principal amount of our Notes issued by us in December 2015 and April 2016 pursuant to an indenture, dated December 10, 2015, between us and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (“Note Conversion Shares”) and (iv) 1,022,464 shares of common stock held by the selling securityholders (“Additional Common Shares”). Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act.
(2)Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, this registration statement shall also cover an indeterminate number of additional shares of common stock that may become issuable by virtue of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction.
(3)Each Preferred Share is convertible by the holder into 405.05 shares of common stock. Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act of 1933, the Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share is based upon the average high and low sales price of our common stock on March 16, 2020 on the Nasdaq Global Market multiplied by 405.05.
(4)No additional consideration will be received upon conversion of the Preferred Shares, and therefore no registration fee is required with respect to the Preferred Conversion Shares pursuant to Rule 457(i) under the Securities Act.

(5)

Pursuant to Rule 429 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), the prospectus included herein is a combined prospectus that also relates to securities that were registered by the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-211383) (the “Prior Registration Statement”) and this registration statement constitutes a post-effective amendment to the Prior Registration Statement.  A filing fee of $9,386.17 was previously paid in connection with registering offers and sales, pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement, of 13,808,765 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of $56,941,000 in original principal amount of our Notes, including accretion if held to maturity.  Such post-effective amendment shall become effective concurrently with the effectiveness of this registration statement in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act.

The 2,589,674 Note Conversion Shares registered pursuant to this registration statement were included in the 13,808,765 shares registered under the Prior Registration Statement. A filing fee of $9,386.17 was previously paid in connection with registering offers and sales pursuant to the Prior Registration Statement, and as a result, no additional fee is required.  

(6)

The filing fee with respect to the Note Conversion Shares was previously paid on May 16, 2016, upon filing of the Prior Registration Statement.

(7)Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(g) under the Securities Act of 1933, the Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share is based upon the average high and low sales price of our common stock on March 16, 2020 on the Nasdaq Global Market.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price for unallocated securities has been estimated solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the "Securities Act," and reflects the maximum aggregate offering price of unallocated Securities that may be issued.

(4)Debt Securities may be issued at an original issue discount or at a premium.
(5)The Warrants covered by this registration statement may be Warrants to purchase Preferred Stock, Common Stock or Debt Securities.
(6)Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as Units with other securities registered hereunder.
The Registrantregistrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until thisthe Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Registration Statement contains two prospectuses:
a base prospectus which covers the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to $100,000,000 in the aggregate of the securities identified above from time to time in one or more offerings, including the at-the-market offering as described below; and
an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement prospectus, or the "sales agreement prospectus," covering the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to a maximum aggregate offering price of $25,000,000 of our common stock in an at-the-market offering that may be issued and sold under a sales agreement with B. Riley FBR, Inc.
The base prospectus immediately follows this explanatory note. The specific terms of any securities to be offered pursuant to the base prospectus will be specified in a prospectus supplement to the base prospectus. The sales agreement prospectus immediately follows the base prospectus. The $25,000,000 of common stock that may be offered, issued and sold under the sales agreement prospectus is included in the $100,000,000 of securities that may be offered, issued and sold by us under the base prospectus. Upon termination of the sales agreement with B. Riley FBR, Inc., any portion of the $25,000,000 included in the sales agreement prospectus will be available for sale in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus.  If no shares of common stock are sold under the sales agreement prospectus, the full $100,000,000 of securities may be sold in other offerings pursuant to the base prospectus and an accompanying prospectus supplement to be filed in connection with such offering.

 

The information

Information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed.  These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

DATED MARCH 23, 2020, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION DATED NOVEMBER 16, 2018

PROSPECTUS

$100,000,000


CADIZ INC.


10,000 Shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock,
Cadiz Inc.



7,662,638 Shares of Common Stock
DEBT SECURITIES


_____________________


COMMON STOCK


PREFERRED STOCK


WARRANTS


SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS


UNITS

By

The selling securityholders identified in this prospectus and an accompanying prospectus supplement, we may offer from time to time offer and sell, in one or more offerings, up to $100,000,00010,000 shares of Series 1 Preferred Stock, or the “Preferred Shares,” up to 4,050,500 shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Shares, or the “Preferred Conversion Shares,” 2,589,674 shares of our common stock, or the “Note Conversion Shares,” issued upon conversion of a portion of our 7.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2020, or the “2020 Notes” and 1,022,464 additional shares of our common stock held by the selling securityholders, or the “Additional Common Shares.” We are contractually obligated to register the Preferred Shares, the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares and the Additional Common Shares, which the selling securityholders may resell.

Each Preferred Share is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into 405.05 shares of our common stock, subject to adjustment and subject to beneficial ownership limitations. On March 5, 2025, each outstanding Preferred Share will automatically convert into shares of our common stock, subject to beneficial ownership limitations. Prior to March 5, 2025, each Preferred Share will be entitled to 301.98 votes (subject to adjustment) on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote (subject to such holder’s beneficial ownership limitation). After March 5, 2025, the Preferred Shares will have no voting rights, except as required by applicable law.

Prior to March 5, 2025, subject to exceptions, if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, each Preferred Share will be entitled (1) to receive $2,734.09 per share (subject to adjustment) before any payment may be made to holders of our common stock or any outstanding series of our preferred stock junior in liquidation preference to the Preferred Shares and (2) to participate pro rata on an as-converted into common stock basis with all of our common stock in the distribution of any remaining proceeds from the liquidation, dissolution or winding up. After March 5, 2025, Preferred Shares will not receive any preference and will only be entitled to participate pro rata on an as-converted into common stock basis with all of our common stock in the distribution of any remaining proceeds. Prior to March 5, 2025, the holders of Preferred Shares will not be entitled to participate in any combination of debt securities,dividends or distributions. After March 5, 2025, Preferred Shares will rank pari passu on an as-converted to common stock preferredbasis with all of our common stock warrants, subscription rightsas to dividends and units.

distributions.

We will provide you with more specific termsnot receive any of these securities in onethe proceeds from the resale of the Preferred Shares, the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares or more supplementsthe Additional Common Shares. We have agreed to pay for the expenses of this prospectus.  You should readoffering.

The selling securityholders may sell the shares covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.

We may offer these securities from time to time through any of the means described in amounts,the section of this prospectus entitled “Plan of Distribution.”  The prices at priceswhich the selling securityholders may sell the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares and on other terms tothe Additional Common shares will be determined by the prevailing market price for the shares or in negotiated transactions. The prices at which the time ofselling securityholders may sell the offering.  We may offer and sell thesePreferred Shares will be determined in negotiated transactions.

The Preferred Shares are not listed on any securities to or through underwriters, dealers or agents, or directly to investors, on a continuous or delayed basis.  The supplements to this prospectus will provide the specific terms of the plan of distribution.  The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

exchange.  Our common stock is listedtraded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "CDZI"“CDZI”.  On November 15, 2018,March 20, 2020, the closinglast reported sale price of our common stock as reported byon the Nasdaq Global Market was $10.92 per share.
$9.70.

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time to update the disclosures set forth herein.

_____________________

Investing in theseour securities involves certain risks.  See "Risk Factors"a high degree of risk.  You should carefully read and consider the “Risk Factors” beginning on page 2.

4.

_____________________

NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.  ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.

_____________________

Prospectus dated                       , 20182020

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

iiiii
iiiii
iv1
iv1
12
About CadizSummary of Offering12
Corporate InformationRisk Factors24
24
36
38
GeneralSelling Securityholders38
SubordinationPlan of Distribution511
Conversion and ExchangeTransfer Agent512
Global SecuritiesCertain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations613
Restrictive CovenantsU.S. Holders613
DefeasanceNon-U.S. Holders615
Satisfaction and DischargeForeign Account Tax Compliance Withholding716
Modification of the IndenturesLegal Matters717
Events of Default, Notice and WaiverExperts717
Consolidation, Merger or Sale of AssetsWhere You Can Find More Information817
Governing LawInformation Incorporated by Reference9
9
General9
Common Stock9
Cooperation Agreement9
Certain Other Provisions of the Certificate10
Limitations on Directors' Liability10
Indemnification of Directors and Officers10
Exchange Listing10
Anit-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law11
11
12
Exercise of Warrants13
13
14
14
General15
Underwriters and Agents15
Dealers16
Direct Sales16
Institutional Purchasers16
Indemnification; Other Relationships16
Market-Making, Stabilization and Other Transactions16
17
1718

i

ii

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This document is called a prospectus and is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the "Commission"Commission, using a “shelf” registration or the "SEC," using the "shelf" registrationcontinuous offering process. Under this shelf process, the shelf registration process, using this prospectus, together with a prospectus supplement, we may sellselling securityholders from time to time any combination ofmay offer and sell, in one or more offerings, the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings.  This prospectus provides you with a general descriptionprospectus. We will not receive any proceeds from the resale by any selling securityholder of the offered securities thatdescribed in this prospectus.

We may be offered.  Each time we sell securities pursuant to this prospectus, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will containcontaining specific information about the terms of the securities being offered.  A prospectus supplement may include a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations applicable to those securities or to us.particular offering by a selling securityholder. The prospectus supplement may also add, to, update or change information contained in this prospectus and, accordingly, to the extent inconsistent,prospectus. If there is any inconsistency between the information in this prospectus will be superseded byand a prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in thethat prospectus supplement. You should read both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement andtogether with the additional information described under the sections entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference.”

You may rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus described below under "Available Information" and "Information Incorporated by Reference" before making an investmentprospectus.  We have not authorized anyone to provide information or to make representations not contained in our securities.

this prospectus.  This prospectus contains summariesis neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is madean offer to the actual documents for complete information.  All of the summaries are qualified in their entiretybuy any securities other than those registered by the actual documents.  Copies of the documents referred to herein have been filed, or will be filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus, nor is it an offer to sell or a part, and you may obtain copiessolicitation of those documents as described below under "Available Information."
an offer to buy securities where an offer or solicitation would be unlawful.  Neither the delivery of this prospectus, nor any sale made under it implies that there has been no change in our affairs orthis prospectus, means that the information contained incorporated by reference in this prospectus is correct as of any datetime after the date of this prospectus.  You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, including any information incorporated in this prospectus by reference, the accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus prepared by us, is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of those documents.  Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
We have not authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, a prospectus supplement or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you.  We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you.  We are not making an offer to sell securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of such securities is not permitted.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "we," "us," "our," "Cadiz,"“we,” “us,” “our,” “Cadiz,” and "the Company"“the Company” refer to Cadiz Inc., a Delaware corporation.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING

NOTICE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

All statements

Information presented in this prospectus, and thein other documents which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus under the sections of this prospectus entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference,” that are not historical facts should be considered "Forward Looking Statements" within the meaningdiscusses financial projections, information or expectations about our business plans, results of the "Safe Harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  Suchoperations, products or markets, or otherwise makes statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from anyabout future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by theevents, are forward-looking statements.  Some of the forward-lookingForward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "believe," "expect," "may," "will," "should," "seek," "approximately," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "project," "continue" or "anticipates" or similar expressions or words, or the negatives of those expressions or words.“intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “expects,” “plans,” and “proposes.”  Although we believe that our plans, intentions andthe expectations reflected in or suggested by, suchthese forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements.  These include, among others, the cautionary statements in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus beginning on page 4.  These cautionary statements identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.  When considering forward-looking statements in this prospectus, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements in the “Risk Factors” section and other sections of this prospectus, and other cautionary statements in documents which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus and listed in “Where You Can Find More Information” and “Information Incorporated by Reference” beginning on pages 17 and 18, respectively.

ii

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

About Cadiz

We are a natural resources development company dedicated to creating sustainable water and agricultural opportunities in California. We own approximately 45,000 acres of land with high-quality, naturally recharging groundwater resources in three areas of Southern California’s Mojave Desert.  These properties are located in eastern San Bernardino County situated in close proximity to major highway, rail, energy and water infrastructure, including the Colorado River Aqueduct, or the “CRA”, which is the primary transportation route for water imported into Southern California from the Colorado River.

Our properties offer opportunities for a wide array of sustainable activities including water supply projects, groundwater storage, large-scale agricultural development and land conservation and stewardship programs.  In addition to our land and water assets, we also own pipeline and well infrastructure able to irrigate existing agriculture and to convey water to and from other communities and agricultural ventures that may be short of supply and/or storage.

Our main objective is to realize the highest and best use of our land, water and infrastructure assets in an environmentally responsible way. We believe that the highest and best use of our assets will be realized through the development of a combination of water supply, water storage and agricultural projects in accordance with a holistic land management strategy. Our present activities are focused on developing our assets in ways that meet growing long-term demand for access to sustainable water supplies and agricultural products.

Upon our founding in 1983 as Cadiz Land Company, we began an agricultural development on a portion of our primary property in Cadiz, California, which is a 34,500-acre property at the base of the Fenner and Orange Blossom Wash watersheds in eastern San Bernardino County, or the “Cadiz/Fenner Property.” These watersheds span an area of more than 1,300 square miles and have 17 to 34 million acre-feet of fresh, high-quality groundwater in storage – an amount comparable to Lake Mead, America’s largest surface reservoir.

We have sustainably farmed portions of the Cadiz/Fenner Property since the late 1980s in accordance with permits from the County of San Bernardino, the public agency responsible for groundwater use at the Cadiz/Fenner Property. The permits authorize the development of up to 9,600 acres of the Cadiz/Fenner Property for farming and the associated use of underlying groundwater for irrigation.

The Cadiz/Fenner Property is well-suited for various permanent and seasonal crops, and we have successfully grown citrus, organic table grapes and raisins, and seasonal vegetables, such as melons, squash and asparagus. Today, we are engaged in agricultural joint ventures at the Cadiz/Fenner Property and are the largest private agricultural operation in San Bernardino County. Presently, the property has 2,100 acres leased to third parties for cultivation of citrus and 242 acres leased to our joint venture, SoCal Hemp JV LLC, for the cultivation of industrial hemp.

In addition to our agricultural ventures, we are presently developing the Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery and Storage Project, or the “Water Project,” which is approved to capture and conserve millions of acre-feet of native groundwater currently being lost to evaporation from the aquifer system beneath our Cadiz/Fenner Property, and provide 50,000 acre-feet of water per year, enough water for 400,000 people, to water providers throughout Southern California.A second phase of the Water Project would offer storage in the aquifer system for up to one million acre-feet of imported water. Following a multi-year California Environmental Quality Act review and permitting process, the Water Project received permits that allow the capture and conservation of 2.5 million acre-feet of groundwater over 50 years in accordance with the terms of a groundwater management plan approved by San Bernardino County.  We believe that the ultimate implementation of the Water Project would provide a significant return on our investment and future cash flow.

By making new water supply and storage available in Southern California, we believe we can give no assurancebe part of the solution to the State’s persistent water challenge. Available water supply in Southern California is constrained every year by regulatory restrictions on each of the State’s three main water sources: (1) the CRA; (2) the State Water Project, which provides water supplies from Northern California to the central and southern parts of the state; and (3) the Los Angeles Aqueduct, which delivers water from the eastern Sierra Nevada mountains to Los Angeles. Southern California’s water providers and farmers rely on imports from these systems to meet demand, but deliveries from all three into the region are consistently below capacity, even in wet years.


Further, the availability of supplies in California differs greatly from year to year due to natural hydrological variability. Over the last decade, California experienced an historic drought featuring record-low winter precipitation, followed by record wet years. The 2018-2019 winter was a wet year, with snowpack and rainfall well above average through the summer of 2019, however 2020 is on track to be another dry year, with snowpack at 45% of normal through February. The rapid swings between wet and dry years challenges California’s traditional supply system and supports the need for reliable storage and local supply.

Given the variety of challenges and limitations presented by the State’s existing infrastructure, Southern California water providers and farmers are presently pursuing investments in storage, supply and infrastructure to meet long-term demand and pursuing sustainable water and agriculture sources. We have a record of sustainable agricultural development and groundwater management to support our continued integration into California’s water and agriculture portfolio.

Our current working capital requirements relate largely to the final development activities associated with the Water Project and those activities consistent with the Water Project related to further development of our land and agricultural assets. While we continue to believe that such plans, intentions, or expectationsthe ultimate implementation of the Water Project will be achieved.

Certain risks, uncertainties,provide a significant source of future cash flow, we also believe there is substantial value in our underlying agricultural assets and our current agricultural ventures and lease arrangements.

We also continue to explore additional sustainable beneficial uses of our land and water resource assets, including the marketing of our approved desert tortoise land conservation bank, which is located on our properties outside the Water Project area, and other factorslong-term legacy uses of our properties, such as land stewardship and conservation programs.

Corporate Information

We are a Delaware corporation with our principal executive offices located at 550 South Hope Street, Suite 2850, Los Angeles, California 90071.  Our telephone number is (213) 271-1600.  We maintain a corporate website at www.cadizinc.com. Our website address provided in this prospectus is not intended to function as a hyperlink and the information on our website is not, nor should it be considered, part of this prospectus or incorporated herein by reference into this prospectus.

Summary of Offering

The following is a brief summary of the offering and certain terms of our Certificate of Designation of Series 1 Preferred Stock that we filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on March 5, 2020 (the “Certificate of Designation”).  For a more complete description of the terms of the Preferred Shares, see “Description of the Preferred Shares” in this prospectus.

Common Stock OfferedUp to 7,662,638 shares of our common stock consisting of:  4,050,500 Preferred Conversion Shares issuable to the selling securityholders upon conversion of the Preferred Shares, 2,589,674 Note Conversion Shares issued upon conversion of a portion of the outstanding amount payable under our 2020 Notes, and 1,022,464 Additional Common Shares held by two of the selling securityholders.

Preferred Shares Offered10,000 Preferred Shares, which we issued to two of the selling securityholders pursuant to Conversion and Exchange Agreements dated March 5, 2020, in exchange for the satisfaction of an outstanding aggregate amount payable of $27,381,000 under our 2020 Notes.


Ranking and LiquidationPrior to March 5, 2025, or the “Mandatory Conversion Date”, in the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each Preferred Share will be entitled to receive an amount in cash equal to $2,734.09 per share (subject to adjustment) before any payment may be made to holders of our common stock or any outstanding series of our preferred stock junior in liquidation preference to the Preferred Shares.  In addition, prior to the Mandatory Conversion Date, the Preferred Shares will be entitled to participate pro rata on an as-converted into common stock basis with all of our common stock in the distribution of any remaining proceeds from the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up. After the Mandatory Conversion Date, Preferred Shares will not receive any preference and will only be entitled to participate pro rata on an as-converted into common stock basis with all of our common stock in the distribution of any remaining proceeds from the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up.  See “Description of the Preferred Shares––Ranking and Liquidation”.

ConversionEach Preferred Share is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into 405.05 shares of our common stock, provided that the holder will be prohibited from converting Preferred Shares into shares of our common stock if, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.9% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding after giving effect to such conversion. On the Mandatory Conversion Date, each Preferred Share will automatically convert into shares of our common stock at the conversion rate then in effect; provided, that the Preferred Shares will not automatically convert shares of our common stock to the extent that, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.9% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding after giving effect to such conversion. Any Preferred Shares that remain outstanding after the Mandatory Conversion Date as a result of such limitations will be convertible at any time thereafter, at the option of the holder, subject to the beneficial ownership limitations in our Certificate of Designation.  See “Description of the Preferred Shares—Conversion Rights.”

Voting RightsPrior to the Mandatory Conversion Date, each Preferred Share will be entitled to 301.98 votes on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote (provided that no holder of Preferred Shares will be entitled to such number of votes in excess of such holder’s beneficial ownership limitation).  After the Mandatory Conversion Date, the Preferred Shares will have no voting rights, except as required by applicable law.  See “Description of the Preferred Shares—Voting Rights.”

DividendsPrior to the Mandatory Conversion Date, the holders of Preferred Shares will not be entitled to participate in any dividends or distributions. After the Mandatory Conversion Date, Preferred Shares will rank pari passu on an as-converted to common stock basis with all of our common stock as to dividends and distributions.  See “Description of the Preferred Shares—Dividends.”

Anti-DilutionThe number of shares issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Shares and the number of votes to which each Preferred Share is entitled are subject to proportionate adjustment upon the issuance by us of certain stock dividends, stock splits, and similar proportionately applied changes affecting our outstanding shares of common stock.  See “Description of the Preferred Shares—Anti-Dilution.”

RedemptionAt any time after March 5, 2021, we may redeem Preferred Shares by payment of an amount per Preferred Share equal to $13.50 multiplied by the Conversion Rate then in effect; provided, that as to each holder of Preferred Shares, the number of Preferred Shares redeemed must be at least 25% of the Preferred Shares originally issued to such holder.  See “Description of the Preferred Shares—Redemption.”

Use of Proceeds

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the Preferred Shares, the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares or the Additional Common Shares by any of the selling securityholders.

ListingThe Preferred Shares are not listed on any securities exchange.  Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CDZI.”

Risk FactorsSee “Risk Factors” beginning on page 4 and other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully before investing in the Preferred Shares or shares of our common stock.


RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following factors as well as the other information contained and incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including the Risk factors disclosure in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, alongbefore deciding to invest.

Risks Related to the Preferred Shares

Fluctuations in the price of our common stock may affect the value of the Preferred Shares and make them more difficult to resell.

Because the Preferred Shares are convertible into shares of our common stock, volatility or depressed prices for our common stock could have a similar effect on the value of the Preferred Shares and could limit the value of shares of our common stock receivable upon conversion of the Preferred Shares.  Holders who receive common stock upon conversion of the Preferred Shares will also be subject to the risk of volatility and depressed prices of our common stock.

You may have to pay taxes with respect to distributions on our common stock that you do not receive.

The conversion rate of the Preferred Shares is subject to adjustment for certain events arising from stock splits and combinations, stock dividends, cash dividends and certain other information contained in this prospectus, as updatedactions by us that modify our subsequent filings undercapital structure.  If, for example, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the "Exchange Act."  Except as otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whetherconversion rate is adjusted as a result of new information,a distribution that is taxable to holders of our common stock, such as a cash dividend, you may be required to include an amount in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, notwithstanding the fact that you do not receive an actual distribution.  In addition, holders of the Preferred Shares may, in certain circumstances, be deemed to have received a distribution subject to U.S. federal withholding taxes.  If we pay withholding taxes on behalf of a holder, we may, at our option, set off such amounts against any cash and/or common stock otherwise deliverable to such holder.  See “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for more details.

An active trading market for the Preferred Shares may not develop.

The Preferred Shares are an issue of securities for which there is currently no active trading market and no active trading market might ever develop.  The Preferred Shares may trade at a discount from their initial offering price, depending on the market for similar securities, the price, and volatility in the price, of our shares of common stock, our performance and other factors.  In addition, we do not know whether an active trading market will develop for the Preferred Shares.  We have no plans to list the Preferred Shares on a securities exchange or to include the Preferred Shares in any automated quotation system.  The liquidity of any market for the Preferred Shares will depend upon the number of holders of the Preferred Shares, our results of operations and financial condition, the market for similar securities, the interest of securities dealers in making a market in the Preferred Shares and other factors.  An active or liquid trading market for the Preferred Shares may not develop.  To the extent that an active trading market does not develop, the liquidity and trading prices for the Preferred Shares may be harmed.

Conversion of the Preferred Shares will dilute the ownership interest of existing shareholders, including holders who had previously converted their Preferred Shares.

The conversion of some or all of the Preferred Shares into Preferred Conversion Shares may dilute the ownership interests of existing shareholders.  Any sales in the public market of the common stock issued upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.  In addition, the existence of the Preferred Shares may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Preferred Shares into Preferred Conversion Shares could depress the price of our common stock.

4

The sale of a substantial amount of our common stock in the market and the issuance of shares upon conversion of convertible instruments, including the Preferred Conversion Shares, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock.

As of March 20, 2020, we had 34,772,030 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and the closing sale price of our common stock on March 20, 2020 was $9.70.

We may engage in transactions to issue convertible debt and warrants to purchase common stock, as we have in the past, which transactions may include registration rights. The registration of such additional securities and the potential for high volume trades of our common stock in connection with these financings may have a downward effect on our market price. Future issuance of our common stock upon exercise of these warrants may have a further negative impact on our stock price.

Further, as of March 20, 2020, we have reserved for issuance, but not yet issued, a substantial amount of additional shares, including the Preferred Conversion Shares. The issuance of shares we are obligated to issue, which may increase dilution of existing investors and further depress the market price of our common stock, which may negatively affect our stockholders’ equity and our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us in the future.

The volatility of our stock price could adversely affect current and future events, changed circumstances,stockholders.

  The market price of our common stock is volatile and fluctuates in response to various factors which are beyond our control.  Such fluctuations are particularly common in companies such as ours, which have not generated significant revenues.  The following factors, in addition to other risk factors described in this section, could cause the market price of our common stock to fluctuate substantially:

Developments involving the execution of our business plan;

Disclosure of any adverse results in litigation;

Regulatory developments affecting our ability to develop our properties;

Disruptions to the market and industry as a result of the global outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus;

The dilutive effect or perceived dilutive effect of additional debt or equity financings;

Perceptions in the marketplace of our company and the industry in which we operate; and

General economic, political and market conditions.

In addition, the stock markets, from time to time, experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies. These broad fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Price volatility could be worse if the trading volume of our common stock is low.

The COVID-19 coronavirus could adversely impact our business

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, the COVID-19 coronavirus has spread to multiple countries, including the United States. If the COVID-19 coronavirus continues to spread, we may experience disruptions that could severely impact our business, including; availability of necessary items or availability of workforce in a non-essential business either due to voluntary or mandated quarantine.

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus continues to rapidly evolve. The extent to which the COVID-19 coronavirus may impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, such as the ultimate geographic spread of the disease, the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions and social distancing in the United States and other countries, business closures or business disruptions and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease. 


DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED SHARES

On March 5, 2020, we filed the Certificate of Designation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to designate 10,000 shares of our preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, as the Preferred Shares.

We issued the Preferred Shares pursuant to Conversion and Exchange Agreements, dated March 5, 2020, between Cadiz Inc. and two of the selling securityholders, in exchange for the satisfaction of an outstanding aggregate amount payable of $27,381,000 under our 2020 Notes.

The following is a brief description of the Preferred Shares:

Ranking and Liquidation. Prior to the Mandatory Conversion Date, subject to applicable law and the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of our preferred stock, in the event of our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each Preferred Share will be entitled to receive an amount in cash equal to $2,734.09 per share (as may be adjusted for any dividends of Preferred Shares, subdivision of the outstanding Preferred Shares or combination of the outstanding Preferred Shares), before any payment may be made to holders of our common stock or any other reason,outstanding series of our preferred stock junior in liquidation preference to the Preferred Shares. In addition, prior to the Mandatory Conversion Date, subject to applicable law and the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of our preferred stock, Preferred Shares will be entitled to participate pro rata on an as-converted into common stock basis with all of our common stock in the distribution of any remaining proceeds from the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up. After the Mandatory Conversion Date, subject to applicable law and the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of our preferred stock, Preferred Shares will not receive any preference and will only be entitled to participate pro rata on an as-converted into common stock basis with all of our common stock in the distribution of any remaining proceeds from the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up.

Conversion. Each Preferred Share is convertible at any time at the option of the holder into 405.05 shares of our common stock (the “Conversion Rate”), provided that the holder will be prohibited from converting Preferred Shares into shares of our common stock if, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.9% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding after giving effect to such conversion. On the Mandatory Conversion Date, each Preferred Share will automatically convert into shares of our common stock at the Conversion Rate then in effect; provided, that the Preferred Shares will not automatically convert shares of our common stock to the extent that, as a result of such conversion, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.9% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding after giving effect to such conversion. Any Preferred Shares that remain outstanding after the dateMandatory Conversion Date as a result of such limitations will be convertible at any time thereafter, at the option of the holder, subject to the beneficial ownership limitations in the Certificate of Designation.

Voting Rights. Prior to the Mandatory Conversion Date, except as provided by applicable law, each Preferred Share will be entitled to 301.98 votes (the “Voting Rate”) on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote (provided that no holder of Preferred Shares will be entitled to such number of votes in excess of such holder’s beneficial ownership limitation). Additionally, prior to the Mandatory Conversion Date, the vote or written consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Shares, voting separately as a single class, will be required for certain amendments to our certificate of incorporation, to liquidate us, to incur certain indebtedness other than permitted indebtedness, to enter into certain affiliate transactions, to issue additional Preferred Shares and to issue any capital stock senior or having parity in preference to the Preferred Shares, other than preferred shares that may be issued in one or more financing transactions as an alternative to our incurring, and which the gross proceeds of shall be offset against, permitted indebtedness. Permitted indebtedness over which the Preferred Shares will have no voting rights consists of (i) our existing debt as of March 5, 2020 and the refinancing of such debt, (ii) up to $600 million of debt that we may incur related to our southern pipeline project or our northern pipeline project (collectively, the “Pipeline Water Projects”), (iii)the establishment of related infrastructure and farming costs for developing agriculture on land owned by us and our subsidiaries (the “Farming Project”), (iv) working capital for the Pipeline Water Projects, the Farming Project or general corporate purposes, and (v) a refinancing of any of the debt described in this prospectus.sentencerelated to the Pipeline Water Projects. After the Mandatory Conversion Date, the Preferred Shares will have no voting rights, except as required by applicable law.

6

Dividends. Prior to the Mandatory Conversion Date, the holders of Preferred Shares will not be entitled to participate in any dividends or distributions. After the Mandatory Conversion Date, subject to the applicable law and the rights of the holders of any outstanding series of our preferred stock, Preferred Shares will rank pari passu on an as-converted to common stock basis with all of our common stock as to dividends and distributions. However, holders of Preferred Shares will not be entitled to participate in dividends consisting of shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of our common stock to the extent that, as a result of such dividend, the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.9% of the total number of shares of our common stock then issued and outstanding after giving effect to such dividend.

Anti-Dilution. The Conversion Rate and the Voting Rate are subject to proportionate adjustment upon the issuance by us of stock dividends, stock splits, and similar proportionately applied changes affecting our outstanding shares of common stock.

Redemption. At any time after March 5, 2021, we may redeem Preferred Shares by payment of an amount per Preferred Share equal to $13.50 (as may be adjusted for any dividends of Preferred Shares, subdivision of the outstanding Preferred Shares or combination of the outstanding Preferred Shares) multiplied by the Conversion Rate then in effect; provided, that as to each holder of Preferred Shares, the number of shares redeemed must be at least 25% of the Preferred Shares originally issued to such holder. There will be no restriction on the redemption of the Preferred Shares while there is any arrearage in the payment of dividends.

Rights as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Designation, or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of shares of our common stock, the holders of Preferred Shares do not have the rights or privileges of holders of shares of our common stock, until they convert their Preferred Shares.

Amendments. Certain terms of the Preferred Shares may be amended or modified with the vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding Preferred Shares.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and Our Charter Documents

The following is a summary of our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our Certificate of Incorporation and our Bylaws. Our Certificate of Incorporation states that we expressly elect not to be governed by Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

Our charter documents include provisions that may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control or an unsolicited acquisition proposal that a stockholder might consider favorable, including a proposal that might result in the payment of a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. These provisions are summarized in the following paragraphs.

Special Meeting of Stockholders. Neither our Certificate of Incorporation nor our Bylaws permit stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting of stockholders. Further, special meetings of stockholders may be called only by our Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer or President. In addition, our Bylaws provide advance notice procedures for stockholders seeking to bring business before the annual meeting of stockholders or to nominate candidates for election as directors at the annual meeting of stockholders, and specify certain requirements regarding the form and content of a stockholder’s notice. The foregoing could have the effect of delaying or preventing unsolicited takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.

Effects of authorized but unissued common stock and blank check preferred stock. One of the effects of the existence of authorized but unissued common stock and undesignated preferred stock may be to enable our Board of Directors to make more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of our company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise, and thereby to protect the continuity of management. If, in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, our Board of Directors were to determine that a takeover proposal was not in our best interest, such shares could be issued by our Board of Directors without stockholder approval in one or more transactions that might prevent or render more difficult or costly the completion of the takeover transaction by diluting the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder group, by putting a substantial voting block in institutional or other hands that might undertake to support the position of the incumbent Board of Directors, by effecting an acquisition that might complicate or preclude the takeover, or otherwise.


In addition, our certificate of incorporation grants our Board of Directors broad power to establish the rights and preferences of authorized and unissued shares of preferred stock. The issuance of shares of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of shares of common stock. The issuance also may adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of those holders and may have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of our company.

iiiCumulative Voting. Our Certificate of Incorporation does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors which would allow holders of less than a majority of the stock to elect some directors.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

Vacancies. Section 223 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and our Bylaws provide that all vacancies, including newly created directorships, may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum.

Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law.We are subject to the informational requirements“business combination” provisions of Section 203 of Delaware law. In general, such provisions prohibit a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in various “business combination” transactions with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless:

prior to the date the interested stockholder obtained such status, the Board of Directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or

on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by the Board of Directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

A “business combination” is defined to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to an interested stockholder. In general, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years, did own) 15% or more of a corporation’s voting stock. The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts with respect to us and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire us even though such a transaction may offer our stockholders the opportunity to sell their stock at a price above the prevailing market price. 

USE OF PROCEEDS

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of any or all of the Preferred Shares, the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares or the Additional Common Shares being offered by the selling securityholders under this prospectus.  

SELLING SECURITYHOLDERS

This prospectus covers the resale or other disposition of the Preferred Shares, the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares and the Additional Common Shares, which we have agreed to register. Accordingly, we have filed with the Commission a registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, for the resale of those shares.

We issued the Preferred Shares pursuant to Conversion and Exchange Agreements, dated March 5, 2020, between Cadiz Inc. and each of the selling securityholders, in exchange for the satisfaction of an outstanding aggregate amount payable of $27,381,000 under our 2020 Notes.

The Note Conversion Shares were issued to the selling securityholders in March 2020 upon conversion of a portion of the aggregate amount payable under our 2020 Notes, pursuant to the terms of the indenture, dated December 10, 2015, between us and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee.


The Additional Common Shares are beneficially owned by LC Capital Master Fund Ltd. or Mr. Lampe and were acquired in certain of our prior private placements from 2004 through 2009, or in open market transactions or other transactions.

None of the selling securityholders, except as noted in the table below, has held any position or office or had a material relationship with us other than under our previously existing corporate term debt, under the terms of the agreements pursuant to which the Preferred Shares were issued, or as a result of the ownership of our common stock.

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time to update the disclosures set forth herein.

The following table is based on information supplied to us by the selling securityholders identified in the table.  The table sets forth, as to the selling securityholders identified, the number of Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares and the Additional Common Shares that each selling securityholder beneficially owns (including any shares the selling securityholder has the right to acquire within 60 days), the number of shares of Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares and Additional Common Shares beneficially owned by each selling securityholder that may be offered for sale from time to time by this prospectus and the number and percentage of Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares and Additional Common Shares to be held by each such selling securityholder assuming the sale of all Preferred Shares, Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares and Additional Common Shares offered hereby.

  Series 1 Preferred Stock  Common Stock 
Name of Selling Securityholders Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Before
Offering(1)
  Shares
Which
May Be
Offered
Pursuant
to this
Prospectus
  Shares
Beneficially
Owned
after
Offering(2)
  Percentage
Ownership
after
Offering
  Shares
Beneficially
Owned
Before
Offering
  Shares
Which May
Be Offered
Pursuant
to this
Prospectus(3)
  Shares
Beneficially
Owned after
Offering(4)
  Percentage
Ownership
after
Offering(5)
 
LC Capital Master Fund Ltd.
c/o Lampe Conway & C LLC
680 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10019
  9,671   9,671       0          0%  7,298,045(6)  7,298,045(7)     0      0%
Steven G. Lampe
c/o Lampe Conway & C LLC
680 Fifth Avenue, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10019
  -   -   -   0%  146,092(8)  146,092(8)  0   0%
Elkhorn Partners, Limited Partnership
8405 Indian Hills Drive, Unit 2A8 Omaha, NE 68114
  329   329   0   0%  482,101(9)  218,501(10)  263,600   * 

(1)Except as otherwise noted herein, the number and percentage of shares beneficially owned is determined in accordance with Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose.  Under such rule, beneficial ownership includes any shares as to which the individual has sole or shared voting power or investment power and also any shares which the individual has the right to acquire within 60 days of the date of this prospectus through the exercise of any option or other right.  Except as otherwise noted herein, the number of shares beneficially owned by each selling securityholder identified in this table is as of March 20, 2020.  Unless otherwise indicated in the footnotes, each person has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares shown as beneficially owned.  


(2)Assumes the sale of all Preferred Shares offered hereby.
(3)Includes Preferred Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of Preferred Shares.  The number of Preferred Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of each Preferred Share, when aggregated with the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such holder, is subject to a 9.9% limitation based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding after giving effect to such conversion.
(4)Assumes the sale of all shares of common stock offered hereby, including the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares and the Additional Common Shares.
(5)Based on 34,772,030 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of March 20, 2020.
(6)Includes 3,380,806 shares of common stock beneficially owned as of March 20, 2020.  Includes 3,917,239 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 9,671 Preferred Shares. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of each Preferred Share, when aggregated with the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such holder, is subject to a 9.9% limitation based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding after giving effect to such conversion.
These securities held by LC Capital Master Fund Ltd. (“LC Capital”) may be deemed to be beneficially owned by LC Capital Partners, LP (“Partners”), LC Capital Advisors LLC (“Advisors”), LC Capital Offshore Fund, Ltd. (“Offshore”), Lampe, Conway& Co., LLC (“Lampe Conway”), Steven G. Lampe (“Lampe”) and Richard F. Conway (“Conway”) by virtue of the following relationships: (i) Partners and Offshore beneficially own 100% of the outstanding shares of LC Capital; (ii) Advisors is the sole general partner of Partners; (iii) Lampe Conway acts as investment manager to Partners, Offshore and LC Capital pursuant to certain investment management agreements, and as a result of such agreements, Lampe Conway shares voting and dispositive power over the securities; and (iv) Lampe and Conway act as the sole managing members of each of Advisors and Lampe Conway and are the natural persons with voting and dispositive power over these securities.
(7)Includes 3,917,239 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 9,671 Preferred Shares.  The number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of each Preferred Share, when aggregated with the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such holder, is subject to a 9.9% limitation based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding after giving effect to such conversion.
(7)In addition to shares beneficially owned by LC Capital, Steven G. Lampe beneficially owns (i) 144,300 shares of our common stock over which he has sole voting and dispositive power, (ii) 1,208 shares of our common stock in a retirement account, and (iii) 584 shares of our common stock through an immediate family member sharing the same household.
(9)Includes 348,840 shares of common stock beneficially owned as of March 20, 2020. Also includes 133,261 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 329 Preferred Shares.  
The number of Preferred Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of each Preferred Share, when aggregated with the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such holder, is subject to a 9.9% limitation based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding after giving effect to such conversion. The securities may be deemed to be beneficially owned by Mr. Alan Parsow, the sole managing partner of the selling securityholder.  Mr. Parsow disclaims beneficial ownership over these securities.  The selling securityholder has confirmed that it is not a registered broker-dealer or an affiliate of a broker dealer.
(10)Includes 133,261 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of 329 Preferred Shares.
The number of Preferred Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of each Preferred Share, when aggregated with the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such holder, is subject to a 9.9% limitation based on the number of shares of our common stock outstanding after giving effect to such conversion.
*Less than 1%.


PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

The Preferred Shares, the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares and the Additional Common Shares will be offered and sold by the selling securityholders named in this prospectus, by their donees, or by their other successors in interest.  We have agreed to bear the expenses of the registration of such shares, including legal and accounting fees, other than fees of counsel, if any, retained individually by the selling securityholders, and any discounts or commissions payable with respect to sales of such shares.

The selling securityholders will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, manner and size of each sale.  Such sales may be made on one or more exchanges or in the over-the-counter market or otherwise, at prices and under terms then prevailing or at prices related to the then current market price or in negotiated transactions.  The selling securityholders may sell their shares by one or more of, or a combination of, the following methods:

purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by such broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to this prospectus;

ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers;

block trades in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

block trades in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the shares may be listed or quoted at the time of sale;

on any national securities exchange or quotation service on which the shares may be listed or quoted at the time of sale;

in the over-the-counter market;

in privately negotiated transactions;

in options transactions; and

by any other legally available means.


In addition, any shares that qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 may be sold under Rule 144 rather than pursuant to this prospectus.

From time to time, a selling securityholder may pledge or grant a security interest in some or all of the shares which the selling securityholder owns.  If a selling securityholder defaults in the performance of the selling securityholder’s secured obligations, the pledgees or secured parties may offer and sell the shares from time to time by this prospectus (except, in some cases, if the pledgees or secured parties are broker-dealers or are affiliated with broker-dealers).  The selling securityholders also may transfer and donate shares in other circumstances.  Donees may also offer and sell the shares from time to time by this prospectus (except, in some cases, if the donees are broker-dealers or are affiliated with broker-dealers).  The number of shares beneficially owned by a selling securityholder will decrease as and when a selling securityholder donates such securityholder’s shares or defaults in performing obligations secured by such securityholder’s shares.  The plan of distribution for the shares offered and sold under this prospectus will otherwise remain unchanged, except that the donees, pledgees, other secured parties or other successors in interest will be selling securityholders for purposes of this prospectus.

To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution.

In effecting sales, broker-dealers or agents engaged by the selling securityholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate.  Broker-dealers or agents may receive commissions, discounts or concessions from the selling securityholders in amounts to be negotiated immediately prior to the sale.

The selling securityholders and any broker-dealers acting in connection with the sale of the shares covered by this prospectus may be deemed to be “underwriters” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act of 1933, and any commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on the resale of the shares as principals may be deemed to be underwriting compensation under the Securities Act of 1933.

In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states, if applicable, the shares must be sold in such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers.  In addition, in certain states, the shares may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and is complied with.

We have agreed to indemnify the selling securityholders, their agents, representatives and advisers, and in connection with an underwritten offering, the underwriters against liabilities they may incur as a result of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, any omission or alleged omission in this prospectus or the registration statement to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made not misleading or any violation or alleged violation of any United States federal, state or common law rule or regulation applicable to us and relating to action required of or inaction by us in connection with any such registration..  This indemnification includes liabilities that the selling securityholders may incur under the Securities Act.  We do not have to give such indemnification if the untrue statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to us by the selling securityholders for use in this prospectus or the registration statement.

We have advised the selling securityholders that the anti-manipulation rules of Regulation M under the Exchange Act may apply to sales of shares in the market and to the activities of the selling securityholders and their respective affiliates.  The selling securityholders may indemnify any broker-dealer that participates in transactions involving the sale of the shares against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.

Transfer Agent

The transfer agent for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, New York, New York.


CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the Preferred Shares, the Preferred Conversion Shares, the Note Conversion Shares and the Additional Common Shares, as of the date of this prospectus.  This summary applies only to a beneficial owner who holds such shares as a capital asset (generally for investment purposes).  This summary does not discuss any state, local or foreign tax consequences, nor does it deal with beneficial owners of such shares that may be subject to special treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  For example, this summary does not address:

tax consequences to beneficial owners who are dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities that elect to use the mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities, financial institutions, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, tax-exempt entities or insurance companies;

tax consequences to beneficial owners holding shares as part of a hedging, integrated, constructive sale or conversion transaction, or a straddle;

tax consequences to U.S. holders (as defined below) whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar; or

U.S. federal estate, gift or alternative minimum tax consequences, if any (except to the extent specifically discussed below in “—Non-U.S. Holders—U.S. Federal Estate Tax”).

The discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and U.S. Treasury regulations, rulings and judicial decisions as of the date of this prospectus.  Those authorities may be changed, perhaps retroactively, so as to result in U.S. federal income tax considerations different from those discussed below.

If a beneficial owner of the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares is an entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership.  If you are such an entity, or a partner in such an entity, you should consult your own tax advisor.

No rulings have been sought or are expected to be sought from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to any of the U.S. federal income tax considerations discussed below.  As a result, we cannot assure you that the IRS will agree with the tax consequences described below.

Each prospective investor should consult its own tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences to the investor of the ownership and disposition of the applicable shares in light of the investor’s particular situation and any consequences arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.

U.S. Holders

The following discussion is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations that will apply to you if you are a U.S. holder of Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares.

For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is a beneficial owner of shares that is for U.S. federal tax purposes:

an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

a trust that (i) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons have authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

Conversion of the Preferred Shares into Shares of Our Common Stock

A U.S. holder of Preferred Shares generally will not recognize gain or loss on the conversion of Preferred Shares into shares of our common stock.  The U.S. holder’s holding period for the shares of our common stock received upon conversion will include the period during which the Preferred Shares were held, and the U.S. holder’s aggregate tax basis in the shares received upon conversion will be equal to the holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Preferred Shares at the time of conversion.  

Sale, Exchange, Repurchase or Retirement of the Preferred Shares

Each U.S. holder generally will recognize gain or loss upon the sale, exchange, repurchase, retirement or other disposition of Preferred Shares (other than a conversion of the Preferred Shares into shares of our common stock, which is addressed above) measured by the difference (if any) between (i) the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received and (ii) such holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Preferred Shares.  The U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Preferred Shares generally will equal the amount paid for the Preferred Shares.  Any such gain or loss should be capital gain or loss and generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the Preferred Shares have been held for more than one year at the time of the sale or exchange.  Generally, net long-term capital gain for non-corporate taxpayers (including individuals) is eligible for a reduced rate of taxation.  The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Distributions on the Shares

Distributions (including constructive distributions), if any, made with respect to the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares generally will constitute taxable dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits.  Any distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital, which will reduce the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares (but not below zero).  To the extent such a distribution exceeds the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares, the distribution will be taxable as capital gain.  Under certain circumstances, dividends paid to a non-corporate U.S. holder are eligible for a reduced rate of taxation.  Dividends received by a corporate U.S. holder may be eligible for a dividends received deduction.

Sale or Exchange of the Shares

Gain or loss realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares will equal the difference between the amount realized on such sale, exchange or other disposition and the U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in such shares.  Such gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holder has held or is deemed to have held the shares for more than one year on the date of disposition.  Generally, net long-term capital gain of non-corporate stockholders (including individuals) is eligible for a reduced rate of taxation.  The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Medicare Tax

A U.S. holder that is an individual or estate, or a trust that does not fall into a special class of trusts that is exempt from such tax, is subject to a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (i) the U.S. holder’s “net investment income” for the relevant taxable year and (ii) the excess of the U.S. holder’s modified adjusted gross income for the taxable year over a certain threshold (which in the case of individuals is between $125,000 and $250,000, depending on the individual’s circumstances).  A holder’s net investment income generally includes its interest and dividend income, and its net gains from the disposition of stock and debt securities, unless such interest or dividend income, or net gains, are derived in the ordinary course of the conduct of a trade or business (other than a trade or business that consists of certain passive or trading activities).  An individual, estate or trust should consult its own tax advisor regarding the applicability of this tax to any income and gains in respect of an investment in the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares.


Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

When required, we will report to the holders of the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares and Additional Common Shares and the IRS dividends paid on or with respect to such shares during each calendar year and the amount of tax, if any, withheld from such payments.  A U.S. holder will be subject to backup withholding on dividends paid on the shares and proceeds from the sale of the shares at the applicable rate if the U.S. holder (i) fails to provide us with a correct taxpayer identification number or certification of exempt status (such as certification of corporate status), (ii) has been notified by the IRS that it is subject to backup withholding as a result of the failure to properly report payments of interest or dividends or (iii) in certain circumstances, has failed to certify under penalty of perjury that such holder is not subject to backup withholding.  A U.S. holder may be eligible for an exemption from backup withholding by providing a properly completed IRS Form W-9 to us or our paying agent.  Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules generally will be allowed as a refund or a credit against a U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is properly furnished to the IRS on a timely basis.

Non-U.S. Holders

The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal tax consequences that will apply to you if you are a non-U.S. holder of Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares.  The term “non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of such shares that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is an individual, corporation, estate or trust that is not a U.S. holder (as defined above under “—U.S. Holders”).

Conversion of the Preferred Shares

A non-U.S. holder who converts Preferred Shares into shares of our common stock generally will not recognize any income, gain or loss. The non-U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Preferred Conversion Shares will equal such holder’s adjusted basis in the Preferred Shares, and the non-U.S. holder’s holding period for the Preferred Conversion Shares will include the period during which such holder held the Preferred Shares.

Dividends

Subject to the discussion below regarding the potential application of withholding tax rules, dividends paid on the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares to a non-U.S. holder (including any deemed dividends) generally will be subject to a 30% U.S. federal withholding tax, unless either: (i) an applicable income tax treaty reduces or eliminates such tax, and the non-U.S. holder claims the benefit of that treaty by providing a properly completed IRS Form W-8BEN (or suitable successor or substitute form) establishing qualification for benefits under the treaty, or (ii) the dividend is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States and the non-U.S. holder provides an appropriate statement to that effect on a properly completed IRS Form W-8ECI (or suitable successor or substitute form).  If dividends paid on the shares to a non-U.S. holder are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s trade or business in the United States, the non-U.S. holder will be required to pay U.S. federal income tax on that dividend on a net income basis (although exempt from the 30% withholding tax provided the appropriate statement is provided to us) generally in the same manner as a U.S. holder.  If a non-U.S. holder is eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty between the United States and its country of residence, any dividend income that is effectively connected with a United States trade or business will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the manner specified by the treaty and generally will only be subject to such tax if such income is attributable to a permanent establishment (or a fixed base in the case of an individual) maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States, and the non-U.S. holder claims the benefit of the treaty by properly submitting an IRS Form W-8BEN (or suitable successor or substitute form).  In addition, a non-U.S. holder that is treated as a foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be subject to a branch profits tax equal to 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) of its earnings and profits for the taxable year, subject to adjustments, that are effectively connected with such holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States.


Dispositions of Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares and Additional Common Shares

Generally, a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon the sale, exchange, repurchase, retirement or other disposition of Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares (other than a conversion of the Preferred Shares into Preferred Conversion Shares, which is addressed above) or the sale or exchange of such shares, unless (i) such holder is an individual present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale, exchange, repurchase, retirement or other disposition and certain other conditions are met, (ii) the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States by the non-U.S. holder and, in the case of a treaty resident, attributable to a permanent establishment (or, in the case of an individual, to a fixed base) in the United States, or (iii) we are or have been a U.S. real property holding corporation (“USRPHC”), as defined in the Code, at any time within the 5-year period preceding the disposition or the non-U.S. holder’s holding period, whichever period is shorter.  If the first exception applies, the non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to tax at a 30% rate on the amount by which the United States-source capital gains exceed capital losses allocable to United States sources.  If the second exception applies, generally the non-U.S. holder will be required to pay U.S. federal income tax on the net gain derived from the sale in the same manner as U.S. holders, as described above.  If a non-U.S. holder is eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty between the United States and its country of residence, any such gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the manner specified by the treaty and generally will only be subject to such tax if such gain is attributable to a permanent establishment (or a fixed base in the case of an individual) maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the United States, and the non-U.S. holder claims the benefit of the treaty by properly submitting an IRS Form W-8BEN (or suitable successor or substitute form).  Generally, a corporation is a USRPHC if the fair market value of its United States real property interests equals or exceeds 50% of the aggregate fair market value of the corporation’s worldwide real property interests and its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business.  We have not made, and do not intend to make, a determination regarding our potential status as a USRPHC.  A non-U.S. holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding our potential status as a USRPHC and the consequences of such status to such holder upon a disposition of the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares.

Additionally, non-U.S. holders that are treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as corporations and that are engaged in a trade or business or have a permanent establishment in the United States could be subject to a branch profits tax on such income at a 30% rate or a lower rate if so specified by an applicable income tax treaty.

U.S. Federal Estate Tax

If you are a non-U.S. holder and also are not a resident of the United States (as specially defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) at the time of your death, the U.S. federal estate tax will not apply to shares owned by you at the time of your death, provided that at the time of your death, you do not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of our stock entitled to vote.  However, shares held by you at the time of your death will be included in your gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

When required, we will report to the IRS and to each non-U.S. holder the amount of any dividends paid on our Preferred Shares or shares of common stock in each calendar year, and the amount of tax withheld, if any, with respect to these dividends.  Non-U.S. holders who have provided the forms and certification referenced above or who have otherwise established an exemption generally will not be subject to backup withholding tax if we have actual knowledge or reason to know that any information in those forms and certification is unreliable or that the conditions of the exemption are in fact not satisfied.  Backup withholding is not an additional tax.  The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a non-U.S. holder will be allowed as a credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the holder to a refund, provided that the required information is properly furnished to the IRS on a timely basis.

Foreign Account Tax Compliance Withholding

Under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), gross proceeds from the sale, exchange or other disposition of any Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares realized by, and dividends paid (including any deemed dividends) on the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares to certain non-U.S. persons, including certain foreign financial institutions and investment funds, could be subject to a 30% withholding tax unless such non-U.S. person complies with certain requirements, including reporting requirements regarding its direct and indirect U.S. owners and/or U.S. account holders.  Such withholding could apply to payments made to a non-U.S. person regardless of whether the non-U.S. person is the beneficial owner of any Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares or holds Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares for the account of others.  The Treasury Secretary has issued proposed regulations providing that the withholding provisions of FATCA do not apply with respect to payments of gross proceeds from a sale, redemption or other disposition of the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares, which may be relied upon by taxpayers until final regulations are issued.  In addition, non-U.S. persons located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States regarding FATCA may be subject to different rules.  Potential investors are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors regarding the possible implications of FATCA on an investment in the Preferred Shares, Preferred Conversion Shares, Note Conversion Shares or Additional Common Shares.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters in connection with the issuance of the securities offered under this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Los Angeles, California.

EXPERTS

The financial statements and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which is included in Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement on Form S-3, including exhibits, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the common stock offered by this prospectus.  This prospectus, which is part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information in the registration statement.  For further information about us and our common stock, you should refer to the registration statement, including exhibits, and the financial statements and notes filed as a part thereof.

We file quarterly and annual reports, proxy statements and other information with the Commission.  We have also filed a registration statement on Form S-3Our filings with the Commission.  This prospectus, which forms part ofCommission, including the registration statement, does not have all of the information contained in the registration statement.  The Commission also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information includingare available to you on the registration statement.  TheCommission’s website at http://www.sec.gov.  In addition, documents that we file with the Commission are available on our website at www.cadizinc.com. Our website address is:  http://www.sec.gov.
provided in this prospectus is not intended to function as a hyperlink and the information on our website is not, nor should it be considered, part of this prospectus or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

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INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The Commission allows us to "incorporate“incorporate by reference"reference” into this prospectus the information we file with them.  The information we incorporate by reference into this prospectus is an important part of this prospectus.  Any statement in a document we have filed with the Commission prior to the date of this prospectus and which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be considered to be modified or superseded to the extent a statement contained in the prospectus or any other subsequently filed document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes that statement.  The modified or superseded statement will not be considered to be a part of this prospectus, except as modified or superseded.

We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the information contained in the following documents, which is considered to be a part of this prospectus:

our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on March 14, 2018 and Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed on April 27, 2018;
our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on March 27, 2018, May 3, 2018, May 24, 2018, and May 31, 2018;
our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018, and September 30, 2018, filed on May 9, 2018, August 6, 2018 and November 8, 2018, respectively;
the description of our common stock as set forth in our registration statement filed on Form 8-A under the Exchange Act on May 8, 1984, as amended by reports on:
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 1988; and
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 2, 1992.

our Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 13, 2020;

the Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Commission onFebruary 3, 2020,February 20, 2020, andMarch 9, 2020; and

the description of our common stock as set forth in Exhibit 4.3 to the Annual Report onForm 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 13, 2020.

We also incorporate by reference all additional documents that we file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are filed after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement or that are filed after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the termination of the offering of securities offered pursuant to this prospectus.  We are not, however, incorporating in each case, any documents or information that we are deemed to "furnish"“furnish” and not file in accordance with the Commission rules.

You may obtain a copy of these filings, without charge, by writing or calling us at:

Cadiz Inc.

550 South Hope Street

Suite 2850

Los Angeles, California 90071

Attention:  Investor Relations

(213) 271-1600

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No dealer, salesperson, or other person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representation not contained in this prospectus, and, if given or made, such information and representation should not be relied upon as having been authorized by us.us or any selling shareholder.  This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.  Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made hereunder shall under any circumstances create an implication that there has been no change in the facts set forth in this prospectus or in our affairs since the date hereof.

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THE COMPANY
About Cadiz
We are a land and water resource development company with over 45,000 acres of land in three areas of eastern San Bernardino County, California.  Virtually all of this land is underlain by high-quality, naturally recharging groundwater resources, and is situated in proximity to the Colorado River and the Colorado River Aqueduct, or the "CRA," California's primary mode of water transportation for imports from the Colorado River into the State.  Our properties are suitable for various uses, including large-scale agricultural development, groundwater storage and water supply projects.  Our main objective is to realize the highest and best use of these land and water resources in an environmentally responsible way.
We believe that the long-term highest and best use of our land and water assets will be realized through the development of a combination of water supply and storage projects at our properties.  Therefore, we have primarily focused on the development of the Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery and Storage Project, or the "Water Project" or "Project," which will capture and conserve millions of acre-feet1 of native groundwater currently being lost to evaporation from the aquifer system beneath our 35,000-acre property in the Cadiz and Fenner valleys of eastern San Bernardino County, or the "Cadiz/Fenner Property," and deliver it to water providers throughout Southern California. A second phase of the Water Project would offer storage of up to one million acre-feet of imported water in the aquifer system.  We believe that the ultimate implementation of this Water Project will provide a significant source of future cash flow.
The primary factor driving the value of such projects is ongoing pressure on California's traditional water supplies and the resulting demand for new, reliable supply solutions that can meet both immediate and long-term water needs.  Available water supply in Southern California is constrained by regulatory restrictions on each of the State's three main water sources:  the CRA, the State Water Project, which provides water supplies from Northern California to the central and southern parts of the state, and the Los Angeles Aqueduct, which delivers water from the eastern Sierra Nevada mountains to Los Angeles.  Southern California's water providers rely on imports from these systems for a majority of their water supplies, but deliveries from all three into the region are often below capacity, even in wet years.
Further, the availability of supplies in California differs greatly from year to year due to natural hydrological variability.  Over the last decade, California struggled through a historic drought featuring record-low winter precipitation. Then, following a series of strong storms that delivered record amounts of rain and snow during the 2016-2017 winter, the State recovered. Yet, the following winter delivered few precipitation events and, through October 2018, 85% of the State is again abnormally dry with all of Southern California experiencing drought conditions, according to the US Drought Monitor.  Drought, dry conditions and rapid swings between wet and dry years challenges California's traditional supply system and supports the need for reliable storage and local supply.
Given the variety of challenges and limitations faced by the State's traditional infrastructure, Southern California water providers are presently pursuing investments in storage, supply and infrastructure to meet long-term demand.  The Water Project is a local supply option in Southern California that would help address the region's water supply challenges by providing new reliable supply and local groundwater storage opportunities in both dry and wet years. Following a multi-year California Environmental Quality Act, or "CEQA," review and permitting process, the Water Project received permits that allow the capture and conservation of 2.5 million acre-feet of groundwater over 50 years in accordance with the terms of a groundwater management plan approved by San Bernardino County, the public agency responsible for groundwater use at the project area. 

1 One acre-foot is equal to approximately 326,000 gallons or the volume of water that will cover an area of one acre to a depth of one-foot.  An acre-foot is generally considered to be enough water to meet the annual water needs of two average California households.
1
We currently own a 96-mile existing idle natural gas 30-inch pipeline that extends from the Cadiz/Fenner Property to Barstow, California and we intend to convert this pipeline to allow for the transportation of water. The Barstow area serves as a hub for water delivered from northern and central California to communities in Southern California's High Desert.  In addition, we hold an option to purchase a further 124-mile segment of this pipeline from Barstow to Wheeler Ridge, California for $20 million.  This option expires in December 2018. We do not currently have the cash resources on hand to exercise this option and may use all, or a portion, of the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus and each prospectus supplement to exercise this option.  If we are unable to exercise this option, then our northern pipeline opportunities will be limited to the 96-mile segment we currently own.
Our current working capital requirements relate largely to the final development activities associated with the Water Project and those activities consistent with the Water Project related to further development of our land and agricultural assets.  While we continue to believe that the ultimate implementation of the Water Project will provide the primary source of our future cash flow, we also believe there is significant additional value in our underlying agricultural assets.


 In addition to our Water Project proposal, we are engaged in agricultural joint ventures at the Cadiz/Fenner Property that put some of the groundwater currently being lost to evaporation from the underlying aquifer system to immediate beneficial use.  We have farmed portions of the Cadiz/Fenner Property since the late 1980s relying on groundwater from the aquifer system for irrigation and the site is well suited for various permanent and seasonal crops. Presently, the property has 2,100 acres leased for cultivation of a variety of crops, including citrus, dried-on-the-vine raisins and seasonal vegetables.

 We also continue to explore additional uses of our land and water resource assets, including renewable energy development, the marketing of our approved desert tortoise land conservation bank, which is located on our properties outside the Water Project area, and other long-term legacy uses of our properties, such as habitat conservation and cultural development.

Corporate Information
We are a Delaware corporation with our principal executive offices located at 550 South Hope Street, Suite 2850, Los Angeles, California 90071.  Our telephone number is (213) 271-1600.  We maintain a corporate website at www.cadizinc.com.  The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus.
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk.  Certain risks relating to us and our business are described under the headings "Business" and "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed with the Commission on March 14, 2018, and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, filed with the Commission on August 6, 2018, which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus and which you should carefully review and consider, along with the other information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference herein, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, before making an investment in any of our securities.  Additional risks, as well as updates or changes to the risks described in the documents incorporated by reference herein, may be included in any applicable prospectus supplement.  Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks.  The market or trading price of our securities could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.  In addition, please read the section of this prospectus captioned "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," in which we describe additional uncertainties associated with our business and the forward-looking statements included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.  Please note that additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business and operations.
Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus involves risks and uncertainties.  If one or more of the events discussed in the risk factors were to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, as well as the value of an investment in our securities, could be materially adversely affected.
You should carefully consider the risk factors as well as the other information contained and incorporated by reference in this prospectus before deciding to invest.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus and each prospectus supplement, the "offered securities," will be used for general corporate purposes, which may include the development of the Water Project, including funding all, or a portion, of the $20 million payment required if we elect to exercise our option to acquire an additional 124-mile extension of our northern pipeline, business development activities, capital expenditures, working capital, the refinancing or repayment of existing indebtedness and the expansion of the business and acquisitions.  If any of the net proceeds from the offered securities will be used for acquisitions, we will identify the acquisition in the applicable prospectus supplement. 
Pending such uses, we may temporarily invest the net proceeds in short-term investments.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
This prospectus describes certain general terms and provisions of the debt securities.  The debt securities may constitute either senior or subordinated debt securities, and in either case will be unsecured, and may also include convertible debt securities.  We will issue any debt securities that will be senior debt under an Indenture between us and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, or the "Senior Indenture."  We will issue any debt securities that will be subordinated debt under an Indenture between us and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, or the "Subordinated Indenture."  This prospectus refers to the Senior Indenture and the Subordinated Indenture individually as the "Indenture" and collectively as the "Indentures."  The form of Senior Indenture and the form of Subordinated Indenture are included as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.  The term "trustee" refers to the trustee under each Indenture, as appropriate.
The Indentures are subject to and governed by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.  The Indentures are substantially identical, except for the provisions relating to subordination, which are included only in the Subordinated Indenture.  The following summary of the material provisions of the Indentures and the debt securities is not complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the Indentures, each of which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.  We urge you to read the Indenture that is applicable to you because it, and not the summary below, defines your rights as a holder of debt securities.  You can obtain copies of the Indentures by following the directions described under the heading "Available Information."
General
The senior debt securities will rank equally with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated debt.  The subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to our "Senior Indebtedness," as defined below in the section titled "Subordination".  As of September 30, 2018, all of our $138,694,526 aggregate principal amount of existing debt would have ranked senior to the subordinated debt securities and $72,504,645 aggregate principal amount of our debt would have ranked equally with the senior debt securities.  The Indentures do not limit the amount of debt, either secured or unsecured, which may be issued by us under the Indentures or otherwise.  We may limit the maximum total principal amount for the debt securities of any series.  However, any limit under the Indentures may be increased by resolution of our Board of Directors.  We will establish the terms of each series of debt securities under the Indentures in a supplemental Indenture, board resolution or company order.  The debt securities under the Indentures may be issued in one or more series with the same or various maturities and may be sold at par, a premium or an original issue discount.  Debt securities sold at an original issue discount may bear no interest or interest at a rate which is below market rates.
The Indentures do not prohibit us or our subsidiaries from incurring debt or agreeing to limitations on our subsidiaries' ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us, although the terms of specific debt securities may include such limitations.  The agreements governing our indebtedness contain limitations on our ability to incur debt or liens, conduct asset sales and pay dividends.
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Unless we inform you otherwise in a prospectus supplement, we may issue additional debt securities of a particular series under the Indentures without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of such series outstanding at the time of issuance.  Any such additional debt securities, together with all other outstanding debt securities of that series, will constitute a single series of securities under the applicable Indenture.
Unless we inform you otherwise in a prospectus supplement, each series of our senior debt securities will rank equally in right of payment with all of our other unsubordinated debt.  The subordinated debt securities will rank junior in right of payment and be subordinate to all of our unsubordinated debt.
We may issue debt securities from time to time in one or more series under the Indentures.  We will describe the particular terms of each series of debt securities we offer in a supplement to this prospectus or other offering material.  The prospectus supplement and other offering material relating to a series of debt securities will describe the terms of such debt securities being offered, including (to the extent such terms are applicable to such debt securities):

the title of the debt securities;
designation, aggregate principal amount, denomination and currency or currency unit;
date of maturity;
the price or prices at which we sell the debt securities and the percentage of the principal amount at which the debt securities will be issued;
whether the debt securities are senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities and applicable subordination provisions, if any;
any limit on the total principal amount of the debt securities and the ability to issue additional debt securities of the same series;
currency or currency units for which such debt securities may be purchased and in which principal of, premium, if any, and any interest will or may be payable;
interest rate or rates (or the manner of calculation thereof), if any;
the times at which any such interest will be payable;
the date or dates from which interest will accrue on the debt securities, or the method used for determining those dates;
the place or places where the principal and interest, if any, will be payable;
any redemption, sinking fund, satisfaction and discharge, or defeasance provisions;
whether such debt securities will be issuable in registered form or bearer form or both and, if issuable in bearer form, restrictions applicable to the exchange of one form for another and to the offer, sale and delivery of certificates in bearer form;
whether and under what circumstances we may from time to time, without the consent of holders of debt securities, issue additional debt securities, having the same ranking and the same interest rate, maturity and other terms as the debt securities being offered, except for the issue price and issue date and, in some cases, the first interest payment date, whereby such additional securities will, together with the then outstanding debt securities, constitute a single class of debt securities under the Indentures, and will vote together on matters under the Senior Indenture;
if material, United States federal income tax consequences;
whether and under what circumstances we will issue the debt securities in whole or in part as Global Securities as described below under "Global Securities";
applicable conversion or exchange privileges;
any defaults and events of defaults applicable to the debt securities to be issued;
securities exchange(s) on which the securities will be listed, if any;
whether any underwriter(s) will act as market maker(s) for the securities;
extent to which a secondary market for the securities is expected to develop;
provisions relating to covenant defeasance and legal defeasance;
provisions relating to satisfaction and discharge of the Indenture;
any covenants or restrictions on us or our subsidiaries; and
any other specific terms of the offered debt securities, including any terms in lieu of those described in this prospectus and any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations such as those made a part of the applicable Indenture by the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.
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Material United States federal income tax consequences and special considerations, if any, applicable to any such securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Debt securities may be presented for exchange, and registered debt securities may be presented for transfer, in the manner, at the places and subject to the restrictions set forth in the debt securities and as summarized in the applicable prospectus supplement.  Such services will be provided without charge, other than any tax or other governmental charge payable in connection with such exchange or transfer, but subject to the limitations provided in the applicable Indenture.  Debt securities in bearer form and the coupons, if any, appertaining to such debt securities will be transferable by delivery.
Subordination
The indebtedness represented by the subordinated debt securities will be subordinated in right of payment to existing and future "Senior Indebtedness," as described in the Subordinated Indenture and any accompanying prospectus supplement.  The term "Senior Indebtedness" means:
all indebtedness for money borrowed incurred by us, unless the terms of the instrument or instruments by which such indebtedness is incurred or created expressly provide that such indebtedness is subordinate to the subordinated debt securities or that such indebtedness is not superior in right of payment to the subordinated debt securities,
any other indebtedness, obligation or liability incurred by us (including any guaranty, endorsement or other contingent obligation of ours in respect of, or to purchase, or otherwise acquire, any obligation of another), direct or indirect, absolute or contingent, or matured or unmatured, which is specifically designated by us as Senior Indebtedness in the instruments evidencing such indebtedness, obligation or liability at the time of its issuance or incurrence, or
any deferral, renewal or extension of any of the foregoing.
"Senior Indebtedness" does not include:
our debt to any of our subsidiaries;
any series of subordinated debt securities issued under the Subordinated Indenture, unless otherwise specified by the terms of any such series;
any of our other debt which by the terms of the instrument creating or evidencing it is specifically designated as being subordinated to or pari passu with the subordinated debt securities; and
any trade payables.
The Subordinated Indenture does not limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, including indebtedness that ranks senior in priority of payment to the subordinated debt securities.  A prospectus supplement relating to each series of subordinated debt securities will describe any subordination provisions applicable to such series in addition to or different from those described above.
By reason of such subordination, in the event of dissolution, insolvency, bankruptcy or other similar proceedings, upon any distribution of assets, (i) the holders of subordinated debt securities will be required to pay over their share of such distribution in respect of the subordinated debt securities to the holders of Senior Indebtedness until such Senior Indebtedness is paid in full and (ii) creditors of ours who are not holders of Senior Indebtedness may recover less, ratably, than holders of Senior Indebtedness and may recover more, ratably, than holders of subordinated debt securities.
Conversion and Exchange
The terms, if any, on which debt securities of any series will be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock, our preferred stock, another series of our debt securities, other securities, property or cash, or a combination of any of the foregoing, will be summarized in the prospectus supplement relating to such series of debt securities.  Such terms may include provisions for conversion or exchange, either on a mandatory basis, at the option of the holder, or at our option, in which the number of shares or amount of our common stock, our preferred stock, another series of our debt securities, other securities, property or cash to be received by the holders of the debt securities would be calculated according to the factors and at such time as summarized in the related prospectus supplement.
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Global Securities
The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement.  Global securities will be issued in registered form and in either temporary or definitive form.  Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for the individual debt securities, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such depositary or a nominee of such successor.  The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series and the rights of and limitations upon owners of beneficial interests in a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Restrictive Covenants
We will describe any restrictive covenants, including restrictions on any subsidiary, for any series of debt securities in a prospectus supplement.
Defeasance
At our option, either (a) we will be Discharged (as defined below) from any and all obligations in respect of any series of debt securities under the Indenture or (b) we will cease to be under any obligation to comply with the restriction on our ability to merge, consolidate or sell assets set forth in the applicable Indenture, the requirement that we maintain our existence or certain other restrictions, in either case if we deposit irrevocably with the trustee, in trust, specifically for the benefit of the holders of such series, money or U.S. Government Obligations (as defined below) which through the payment of interest thereon and principal thereof in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient (in the written opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants in the case of U.S. Government Obligations or a combination of money and U.S. Government Obligations) to pay all the principal of (including any sinking fund payments or analogous obligations), and interest on, the debt securities of such series on the dates such payments are due in accordance with the terms of such series of debt securities.  To exercise such option, we are required to deliver to the trustee an opinion of tax counsel to the effect that holders of the debt securities of such series will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and discharge and will be subject to federal income tax in the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and discharge had not occurred.
The term "Discharged" is defined to mean that we are deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by, and obligations under, the debt securities of such series and to have satisfied all the obligations under the Indenture relating to the debt securities of such series, except for
the rights of holders of the debt securities of such series to receive, from the trust fund described above, payment of the principal of and the interest on the debt securities of such series when such payments are due;
our obligations with respect to the debt securities of such series with respect to temporary debt securities, registration, transfer, exchange, replacement of mutilated, destroyed, lost and stolen certificates, maintenance of a paying office and holding money in trust; and
the rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the trustee under the applicable Indenture.
The term "U.S. Government Obligations" is defined to mean securities that are (i) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (ii) obligations of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America, which,
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in either case under clauses (i) or (ii) are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and also includes a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company, as custodian with respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depository receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depository receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of the U.S. Government Obligations evidenced by such depository receipt.
Satisfaction and Discharge
In addition, an Indenture will cease to be of further effect with respect to the debt securities of a series issued under that Indenture, subject to certain exceptions generally relating to compensation and indemnity of the trustee, when either:
all outstanding debt securities of that series have been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and we have paid all sums payable by us under the Indenture with respect to such series, or
all outstanding debt securities of that series not delivered to the trustee for cancellation either:  (i) have become due and payable, (ii) will become due and payable at their stated maturity within one year, or (iii) are to be called for redemption within one year; and we have deposited irrevocably with the trustee, in trust, specifically for the benefit of the holders of such series, money or U.S. Government Obligations which through the payment of interest thereon and principal thereof in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient (in the written opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants in the case of U.S. Government Obligations or a combination of money and U.S. Government Obligations) to pay all the principal of (including any sinking fund payments or analogous obligations), and interest on, the debt securities of such series on the dates such payments are due in accordance with the terms of such series of debt securities.
Modification of the Indentures
Modifications and amendments of each Indenture may be made by us and the trustee without the consent of the holders of the debt securities or with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of all outstanding debt securities affected by such modification or amendment; provided, however, that no such modification or amendment may, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security affected thereby:
change the stated maturity of the principal of, or any installment of principal of or interest on, any debt security;
reduce the principal amount of or interest on, or any premium payable upon redemption of, any debt security;
change certain other terms related to waiver of past defaults or covenants (such as covenants and provisions of the Indenture that may not be amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security of the series affected); or
reduce the percentage of the principal amount of the outstanding debt security of any series, the consent of whose holders is required to modify or amend the applicable Indenture or waive compliance with, or consent to certain defaults under, the provisions of such Indenture.
Our Board of Directors does not have the power to waive any of the covenants of each Indenture, including those relating to consolidation, merger or sale of assets.
Events of Default, Notice and Waiver
The following will be "Events of Default" with respect to any particular series of the debt securities under the Indentures:
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default in any payment of interest on such series when due, continued for 30 days;
default in any payment of principal and premium, if any, of, or sinking fund installment on, such series when due;
default in the performance, or breach, of any covenant or warranty of ours applicable to such series continued for 60 days after written notice to us by the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of such series;
certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization; and
any other event of default we may provide for that series.
No Event of Default with respect to a particular series of debt securities necessarily constitutes an Event of Default with respect to any other series of debt securities.
The trustee will, within 90 days after the occurrence of any default with respect to any series of the debt securities, give to the holders thereof notice of such default known to the trustee, unless such default has been cured or waived (the term default for this purpose means any event which is, or after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become, an Event of Default); provided that, except in the case of a default in the payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any of such series of debt securities or in the payment of any sinking fund installments, the trustee will be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as it in good faith determines that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the holders of the debt securities of that series.
We will be required to furnish to the trustee each year a statement as to the fulfillment by us of our obligations under the applicable Indenture.
The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series may, in respect of such series, waive certain defaults and may direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, provided that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with the applicable Indenture.  The trustee has the right to decline to follow any such direction if the trustee in good faith determines that the proceeding so directed would be unjustly prejudicial to the holders of debt securities of such series not joining in any such direction or would involve the trustee in personal liability.  Each Indenture provides that in case an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to any series of the debt securities, the trustee will be required to exercise any of its rights and powers under such Indenture with the degree of care and skill such as a prudent person would exercise in the conduct of such person's own affairs.  Subject to such provisions, the trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the applicable Indenture at the direction of any of the holders of such debt securities unless such holders have offered to the trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by the trustee in complying with such direction.
If an Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the debt securities of any series, the trustee or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series may declare such series due and payable.
Each Indenture provides that no holder of debt securities of any series may institute any action against us under such Indenture (except actions for payment of overdue principal or interest or premium, if any) unless the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series have requested the trustee to institute such action and have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity, and the trustee has not instituted such action within 60 days of such request.
Consolidation, Merger or Sale of Assets
We may not consolidate with or merge into any other corporation or sell our assets substantially as an entirety, unless:
the corporation formed by such consolidation or into which we are merged or the corporation which acquires our assets is organized in the United States and expressly assumes the due and punctual payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on all the debt securities, if any, issued under the applicable Indenture and the performance of every covenant of such Indenture to be performed by us; and
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immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event of Default, and no event which after notice or lapse of time or both would become an Event of Default, has happened and is continuing.
Upon any such consolidation, merger or sale, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation, or into which we are merged or to which such sale is made, will succeed to, and be substituted for, us under such Indenture.
Other than the covenants described above, or as set forth in any accompanying prospectus supplement, the Indentures and the debt securities do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to afford holders of the debt securities protection in the event of a takeover, recapitalization or a highly leveraged transaction involving us.
Governing Law
New York Law will govern the Indentures and the debt securities, without regard to its conflicts of law principles.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following statements relating to our capital stock do not purport to be complete, and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, or the "Certificate," and By-Laws, as amended, or the "By-Laws," which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
General
The Certificate authorizes a total of 70,100,000 shares of capital stock, of which 70,000,000 may be shares of common stock and 100,000 may be shares of preferred stock.
As of September 30, 2018, 24,453,358 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding and options and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 870,000 shares of common stock issued to directors, employees, consultants and lenders remained outstanding.  As of September 30, 2018, the number of stockholders of record of our common stock was 81.
Common Stock
Subject to the rights of the holders of any shares of preferred stock that may at the time be outstanding, record holders of common stock are entitled to such dividends as the Board of Directors may declare.  Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held in their name on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders and do not have preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights.  Holders of common stock are not subject to further calls or assessments as a result of their holding shares of common stock.
If Cadiz is liquidated, the holders of shares of common stock are entitled to share ratably in the distribution remaining after payment of debts and expenses and of the amounts to be paid on liquidation to the holders of shares of preferred stock.
The transfer agent for our common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, New York, New York.
Cooperation Agreement
On May 1, 2018, Cadiz and Water Asset Management, LLC, or WAM, our largest equity stockholder, entered into a Cooperation Agreement, pursuant to which we agreed to expand our Board of Directors from nine to eleven members and to add to the Board of Directors two new members designated by WAM.  The two WAM designees, John A. Bohn and Jeffrey J. Brown, were appointed on May 30, 2018. 
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                Subject to WAM meeting certain applicable ownership thresholds described below, at each annual meeting of our stockholders, we have agreed to include the WAM designees in our slate of recommended director candidates for election to the Board of Directors. Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, WAM has agreed to cause all shares of common stock beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, by it, or by any of its affiliates, to be present at each annual or special meeting of our stockholders held during the duration of the Cooperation Agreement and vote in favor of the election of the slate of directors nominated by the Board of Directors. Pursuant to the Cooperation Agreement, so long as WAM and its affiliates continue to collectively beneficially own twelve percent or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock (excluding any convertible notes in the calculation of beneficial ownership), WAM will have the right to nominate two designees for election to the Board of Directors. If the collective beneficial ownership of WAM and its affiliates falls below twelve percent but remains five percent or greater, WAM will immediately lose its rights with respect to one of the designees and such designee must immediately resign from the Board of Directors. If the collective beneficial ownership of WAM and its affiliates falls below five percent, the Cooperation Agreement will automatically terminate and WAM will no longer have any right to designate any directors to the Board of Directors and such director(s) designated by WAM must immediately resign from the Board of Directors.

Certain Other Provisions of the Certificate
Delaware law permits a corporation to eliminate the personal liability of its directors to the corporation or to any of its stockholders for monetary damages for a breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except (i) for breach of the director's duty of loyalty, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) for certain unlawful dividends and stock repurchases or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.  The Certificate provides for such limitation of liability.
The Certificate does not permit stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting of stockholders.  In addition, special meetings of stockholders may be called only by the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President.
Limitations on Directors' Liability
Our Certificate of Incorporation eliminates the personal liability of a director to us and our stockholders for monetary damages for certain breaches of his or her fiduciary duty as a director to the fullest extent permitted under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
This provision offers persons who serve on our Board of Directors protection against awards of monetary damages resulting from certain breaches of their fiduciary duty, including grossly negligent business decisions made in connection with takeover proposals for us, and limits our ability or the ability of one of our stockholders to prosecute an action against a director for a breach of fiduciary duty.
Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Our By-Laws and Certificate provide that we will indemnify any of our directors, officers or employees to the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware against all expenses, liability and loss incurred in connection with any action, suit or proceeding in which any such person may be involved by reason of the fact that he or she is or was our director, officer or employee.  We carry insurance policies in standard form indemnifying our directors and officers against liabilities arising from certain acts performed by them in their capacities as our directors and officers.  These policies also indemnify us for any sums we may be required or permitted to pay by law to our directors and officers as indemnification for expenses they may have incurred.
Exchange Listing
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "CDZI."
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Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law
Cadiz is subject to the "business combination" provisions of Section 203 of Delaware law.  In general, such provisions prohibit a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in various "business combination" transactions with any interested stockholder for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless
prior to the date the interested stockholder obtained such status, the Board of Directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;
upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced; or
on or subsequent to such date, the business combination is approved by the Board of Directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.
A "business combination" is defined to include mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to an interested stockholder.  In general, an "interested stockholder" is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years, did own) 15% or more of a corporation's voting stock.  The statute could prohibit or delay mergers or other takeover or change in control attempts with respect to Cadiz and, accordingly, may discourage attempts to acquire Cadiz even though such a transaction may offer Cadiz's stockholders the opportunity to sell their stock at a price above the prevailing market price.
DESCRIPTION OF OFFERED PREFERRED STOCK
This prospectus describes certain general terms and provisions of our preferred stock.  When we offer to sell a particular series of preferred stock, we will describe the specific terms of the securities in a supplement to this prospectus.  The prospectus supplement will also indicate whether the general terms and provisions described in this prospectus apply to the particular series of preferred stock.  The preferred stock will be issued under a certificate of designations relating to each series of preferred stock and is also subject to our Certificate of Incorporation.  The certificate of designations will be filed with the SEC in connection with an offering of preferred stock.
Under the Certificate of Incorporation, our Board of Directors has the authority to
create one or more series of preferred stock,
issue shares of preferred stock in any series up to the maximum number of shares of preferred stock authorized, and
determine the preferences, rights, privileges and restrictions of any series.
Our Board may issue authorized shares of preferred stock, as well as authorized but unissued shares of common stock, without further stockholder action, unless stockholder action is required by applicable law or by the rules of a stock exchange or quotation system on which any series of our stock may be listed or quoted.
The prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any preferred stock being offered, including:
the number of shares and designation or title of the shares;
any liquidation preference per share;
any date of maturity;
any redemption, repayment or sinking fund provisions;
any dividend rate or rates and the dates of payment (or the method for determining the dividend rates or dates of payment);
any voting rights;
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if other than the currency of the United States, the currency or currencies including composite currencies in which the preferred stock is denominated and/or in which payments will or may be payable;
the method by which amounts in respect of the preferred stock may be calculated and any commodities, currencies or indices, or value, rate or price, relevant to such calculation;
whether the preferred stock is convertible or exchangeable and, if so, the securities or rights into which the preferred stock is convertible or exchangeable, and the terms and conditions of conversion or exchange;
the place or places where dividends and other payments on the preferred stock will be payable; and
any additional voting, dividend, liquidation, redemption and other rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions.
All shares of preferred stock offered will be fully paid and non-assessable.  Any shares of preferred stock that are issued will have priority over the common stock with respect to dividend or liquidation rights or both.
Our Board of Directors could create and issue a series of preferred stock with rights, privileges or restrictions which effectively discriminate against an existing or prospective holder of preferred stock as a result of the holder beneficially owning or commencing a tender offer for a substantial amount of common stock.  One of the effects of authorized but unissued and unreserved shares of capital stock may be to make it more difficult or discourage an attempt by a potential acquirer to obtain control of our company by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or otherwise.  This protects the continuity of our management.  The issuance of these shares of capital stock may defer or prevent a change in control of our company without any further stockholder action.
The transfer agent for each series of preferred stock will be described in the prospectus supplement.
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities.  We may issue warrants independently or together with any offered securities.  The warrants may be attached to or separate from those offered securities.  We may issue the warrants under warrant agreements to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company to be named in the applicable prospectus supplement, as warrant agent, all as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.  The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants.  If we offer warrants, we will file the warrant agreement relating to the offered warrants as an exhibit to, or incorporate it by reference in, the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
The prospectus supplement relating to any warrants that we may offer will contain the specific terms of the warrants.  These terms may include the following:
the title of the warrants;
the price or prices at which the warrants will be issued;
the designation, amount and terms of the securities for which the warrants are exercisable;
the designation and terms of the other securities, if any, with which the warrants are to be issued and the number of warrants issued with each other security;
the aggregate number of warrants;
any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the warrants or the exercise price of the warrants;
the price or prices at which the securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants may be purchased;
if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the securities purchasable upon exercise of the warrants will be separately transferable;
a discussion of any material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the exercise of the warrants;
the date on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence, and the date on which the right will expire;
the maximum or minimum number of warrants that may be exercised at any time;
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information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any; and
any other terms of the warrants, including terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the warrants.
Exercise of Warrants
Each warrant will entitle the holder of warrants to purchase for cash the amount of common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, at the exercise price stated or determinable in the prospectus supplement for the warrants.  Warrants may be exercised at any time up to the close of business on the expiration date shown in the applicable prospectus supplement, unless otherwise specified in such prospectus supplement.  After the close of business on the expiration date, if applicable, unexercised warrants will become void.  Warrants may be exercised as described in the applicable prospectus supplement.  When the warrant holder makes the payment and properly completes and signs the warrant certificate at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement, we will, as soon as possible, forward the common stock, preferred stock or debt securities that the warrant holder has purchased.  If the warrant holder exercises the warrant for less than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate, we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining warrants.
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS
We may issue subscription rights to purchase shares of our common stock or preferred stock.  These subscription rights may be issued independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering.  In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of any offering of subscription rights for which this prospectus is being delivered, including the following:
the price, if any, for the subscription rights;
the exercise price payable for each share of common stock or preferred stock upon the exercise of the subscription rights;
the number of subscription rights issued to each stockholder;
the number and terms of the shares of common stock or preferred stock which may be purchased per each subscription right;
the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;
any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;
the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;
the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities; and
if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.
The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any subscription rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable subscription rights certificate, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer subscription rights.
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DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue units consisting of one or more subscription rights, warrants, debt securities, shares of preferred stock, shares of common stock or any combination of such securities issued by us or by third parties.  The applicable prospectus supplement will describe:
the terms of the units and of the subscription rights, warrants, debt securities, preferred stock and common stock comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the units may be traded separately;
a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the units; and
a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange or the units.
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We may sell the securities offered by this prospectus from time to time in one or more transactions;
directly to purchasers;
through agents;
to or through underwriters or dealers; or
through a combination of these methods.
A distribution of the securities offered by this prospectus may also be effected through the issuance of derivative securities, including without limitation, warrants and subscriptions.
In addition, the manner in which we may sell some or all of the securities covered by this prospectus includes, without limitation, through:
a block trade in which a broker-dealer will attempt to sell as agent, but may position or resell a portion of the block, as principal, in order to facilitate the transaction;
purchases by a broker-dealer, as principal, and resale by the broker-dealer for its account; or
ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker solicits purchasers.
In addition, we may enter into derivative or hedging transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions.  In connection with such a transaction, the third parties may sell securities covered by and pursuant to this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be.  If so, the third party may use securities borrowed from us or others to settle such sales and may use securities received from us to close out any related short positions.  We may also loan or pledge securities covered by this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement to third parties, who may sell the loaned securities or, in an event of default in the case of a pledge, sell the pledged securities pursuant to this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be.
A prospectus supplement with respect to each series of securities will state the terms of the offering of the securities, including:
the terms of the offering;
the name or names of any underwriters or agents and the amounts of securities underwritten or purchased by each of them, if any;
the public offering price or purchase price of the securities and the net proceeds to be received by us from the sale;
any delayed delivery arrangements;
any initial public offering price;
any underwriting discounts or agency fees and other items constituting underwriters' or agents' compensation;
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any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and
any securities exchange on which the securities may be listed.
The offer and sale of the securities described in this prospectus by us, the underwriters or the third parties described above may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions, including privately negotiated transactions, either:
at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;
in an "at the market" offering within the meaning of Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act;
at prices related to the prevailing market prices; or
at negotiated prices.
General
Underwriters, dealers, agents and remarketing firms that participate in the distribution of the offered securities may be "underwriters" as defined in the Securities Act of 1933.  Any discounts or commissions they receive from us and any profits they receive on the resale of the offered securities may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.  We will identify any underwriters, agents or dealers and describe their commissions, fees or discounts in the applicable prospectus supplement, as the case may be.
Underwriters and Agents
If underwriters are used in a sale, they will acquire the offered securities for their own account.  The underwriters may resell the offered securities in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions.  These sales will be made at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of the sale.  We may offer the securities to the public through an underwriting syndicate or through a single underwriter.  The underwriters in any particular offering will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be.
Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the offered securities will be subject to certain conditions contained in an underwriting agreement that we will enter into with the underwriters at the time of the sale to them.  The underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of the securities of the series offered if any of the securities are purchased, unless the applicable prospectus supplement says otherwise.  Any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed, reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
We may designate agents to sell the offered securities.  Unless the applicable prospectus supplement states otherwise, the agents will agree to use their best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of their appointment.  We may also sell the offered securities to one or more remarketing firms, acting as principals for their own accounts or as agents for us.  These firms will remarket the offered securities upon purchasing them in accordance with a redemption or repayment pursuant to the terms of the offered securities.  A prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be, will identify any remarketing firm and will describe the terms of its agreement, if any, with us and its compensation.
In connection with offerings made through underwriters or agents, we may enter into agreements with such underwriters or agents pursuant to which we receive our outstanding securities in consideration for the securities being offered to the public for cash.  In connection with these arrangements, the underwriters or agents may also sell securities covered by this prospectus to hedge their positions in these outstanding securities, including in short sale transactions.  If so, the underwriters or agents may use the securities received from us under these arrangements to close out any related open borrowings of securities.
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Dealers
We may sell the offered securities to dealers as principals.  The dealer may then resell such securities to the public either at varying prices to be determined by the dealer or at a fixed offering price agreed to with us at the time of resale.
Direct Sales
We may choose to sell the offered securities directly.  In this case, no underwriters or agents would be involved.
Institutional Purchasers
We may authorize agents, dealers or underwriters to solicit certain institutional investors to purchase offered securities on a delayed delivery basis pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified future date.  The applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be, will provide the details of any such arrangement, including the offering price and commissions payable on the solicitations.
We will enter into such delayed contracts only with institutional purchasers that we approve.  These institutions may include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies and educational and charitable institutions.
Indemnification; Other Relationships
We may have agreements with agents, underwriters, dealers and remarketing firms to indemnify them against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.  Agents, underwriters, dealers and remarketing firms, and their affiliates, may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.  This includes commercial banking and investment banking transactions.
Market-Making, Stabilization and Other Transactions
There is currently no market for any of the offered securities, other than our common stock which is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market.  If the offered securities are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price, depending upon prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities and other factors.  While it is possible that an underwriter could inform us that it intends to make a market in the offered securities, any such underwriter would not be obligated to do so, and any such market-making could be discontinued at any time without notice.  Therefore, no assurance can be given as to whether an active trading market will develop for the offered securities.  We have no current plans for listing of the debt securities, preferred stock, warrants or subscription rights on any securities exchange or quotation system.  Any such listing with respect to any particular debt securities, preferred stock, warrants or subscription rights will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or other offering materials, as the case may be.
Any underwriter may engage in stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Rule 104 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  Stabilizing transactions involve bids to purchase the underlying security in the open market for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the securities.  Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the securities in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions.
Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the securities originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.  Stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would be in the absence of these transactions.  The underwriters may, if they commence these transactions, discontinue them at any time.
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LEGAL MATTERS
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Los Angeles, California.  If legal matters in connection with offerings made by this prospectus are passed on by counsel for the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, that counsel will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement.
EXPERTS
The financial statements and management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which is included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed.  These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 16, 2018
PROSPECTUS
$25,000,000


Cadiz Inc.



COMMON STOCK
We have entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or the "sales agreement," with B. Riley FBR, Inc., or the "Agent," relating to our common stock offered by this prospectus. In accordance with the terms of the sales agreement, we may offer and sell our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $25,000,000 from time to time through the Agent.
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "CDZI."  On November 15, 2018, the closing price of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market was $10.92 per share.
Sales of our common stock, if any, under this prospectus may be made in sales deemed to be "at the market equity offerings" as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the "Securities Act." The Agent will act as a sales agent on a best efforts basis using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between the Agent and us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in any escrow, trust or similar arrangement.

The compensation to the Agent for sales of common stock sold pursuant to the sales agreement is up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sales. In connection with the sale of the common stock on our behalf, the Agent will be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of the Agent will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have also agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the Agent with respect to certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk.  See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-3 of this prospectus for more information on these risks.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR PASSED UPON THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS.  ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
B. Riley FBR, Inc.
Prospectus dated , 2018
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus forms part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the "Commission," using a "shelf" registration process. Before you invest in shares of our common stock, you should read this prospectus, together with additional information described below under the caption "Where You Can Find More Information."

Any statement made in the prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document that is also incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus modifies or supersedes that statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus.

We are responsible for the information contained in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any related free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with this offering. This prospectus may be used only for the purpose for which it has been prepared. Neither we nor any other person has authorized anyone to provide information different from the information contained in this prospectus and any related free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein.

We are not making an offer to sell our common stock in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should not assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with this offering is accurate as of any date other than the date of the applicable document. This prospectus does not constitute an offer or an invitation to subscribe for and purchase any of our securities, and may not be used for or in connection with an offer or solicitation by any person, in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or solicitation is not authorized or to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation.
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SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information included elsewhere in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, especially "Risk Factors" and the financial statements and related notes and other information incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before deciding whether to participate in the offering described in this prospectus. In this prospectus, unless expressly noted or the content indicates otherwise, the words "we," "us," "our," "Cadiz," "company" and similar references mean Cadiz Inc. and it subsidiaries.
About Cadiz
We are a land and water resource development company with over 45,000 acres of land in three areas of eastern San Bernardino County, California.  Virtually all of this land is underlain by high-quality, naturally recharging groundwater resources, and is situated in proximity to the Colorado River and the Colorado River Aqueduct, or the "CRA," California's primary mode of water transportation for imports from the Colorado River into the State.  Our properties are suitable for various uses, including large-scale agricultural development, groundwater storage and water supply projects.  Our main objective is to realize the highest and best use of these land and water resources in an environmentally responsible way.
We believe that the long-term highest and best use of our land and water assets will be realized through the development of a combination of water supply and storage projects at our properties.  Therefore, we have primarily focused on the development of the Cadiz Valley Water Conservation, Recovery and Storage Project, or the "Water Project" or "Project," which will capture and conserve millions of acre-feet1 of native groundwater currently being lost to evaporation from the aquifer system beneath our 35,000-acre property in the Cadiz and Fenner valleys of eastern San Bernardino County, or the "Cadiz/Fenner Property," and deliver it to water providers throughout Southern California. A second phase of the Water Project would offer storage of up to one million acre-feet of imported water in the aquifer system.  We believe that the ultimate implementation of this Water Project will provide a significant source of future cash flow.
The primary factor driving the value of such projects is ongoing pressure on California's traditional water supplies and the resulting demand for new, reliable supply solutions that can meet both immediate and long-term water needs.  Available water supply in Southern California is constrained by regulatory restrictions on each of the State's three main water sources:  the CRA, the State Water Project, which provides water supplies from Northern California to the central and southern parts of the state, and the Los Angeles Aqueduct, which delivers water from the eastern Sierra Nevada mountains to Los Angeles.  Southern California's water providers rely on imports from these systems for a majority of their water supplies, but deliveries from all three into the region are often below capacity, even in wet years.
Further, the availability of supplies in California differs greatly from year to year due to natural hydrological variability.  Over the last decade, California struggled through a historic drought featuring record-low winter precipitation. Then, following a series of strong storms that delivered record amounts of rain and snow during the 2016-2017 winter, the State recovered. Yet, the following winter delivered few precipitation events and, through October 2018, 85% of the State is again abnormally dry with all of Southern California experiencing drought conditions, according to the US Drought Monitor.  Drought, dry conditions and rapid swings between wet and dry years challenges California's traditional supply system and supports the need for reliable storage and local supply.

1 One acre-foot is equal to approximately 326,000 gallons or the volume of water that will cover an area of one acre to a depth of one-foot.  An acre-foot is generally considered to be enough water to meet the annual water needs of two average California households.
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Given the variety of challenges and limitations faced by the State's traditional infrastructure, Southern California water providers are presently pursuing investments in storage, supply and infrastructure to meet long-term demand.  The Water Project is a local supply option in Southern California that would help address the region's water supply challenges by providing new reliable supply and local groundwater storage opportunities in both dry and wet years. Following a multi-year California Environmental Quality Act, or "CEQA," review and permitting process, the Water Project received permits that allow the capture and conservation of 2.5 million acre-feet of groundwater over 50 years in accordance with the terms of a groundwater management plan approved by San Bernardino County, the public agency responsible for groundwater use at the project area. 
We currently own a 96-mile existing idle natural gas 30-inch pipeline that extends from the Cadiz/Fenner Property to Barstow, California and we intend to convert this pipeline to allow for the transportation of water. The Barstow area serves as a hub for water delivered from northern and central California to communities in Southern California's High Desert.  In addition, we hold an option to purchase a further 124-mile segment of this pipeline from Barstow to Wheeler Ridge, California for $20 million.  This option expires in December 2018. We do not currently have the cash resources on hand to exercise this option and may use all, or a portion, of the proceeds from this offering to exercise this option.  If we are unable to exercise this option, then our northern pipeline opportunities will be limited to the 96-mile segment we currently own.
Our current working capital requirements relate largely to the final development activities associated with the Water Project and those activities consistent with the Water Project related to further development of our land and agricultural assets.  While we continue to believe that the ultimate implementation of the Water Project will provide the primary source of our future cash flow, we also believe there is significant additional value in our underlying agricultural assets.

 In addition to our Water Project proposal, we are engaged in agricultural joint ventures at the Cadiz/Fenner Property that put some of the groundwater currently being lost to evaporation from the underlying aquifer system to immediate beneficial use.  We have farmed portions of the Cadiz/Fenner Property since the late 1980s relying on groundwater from the aquifer system for irrigation and the site is well suited for various permanent and seasonal crops. Presently, the property has 2,100 acres leased for cultivation of a variety of crops, including citrus, dried-on-the-vine raisins and seasonal vegetables.

 We also continue to explore additional uses of our land and water resource assets, including renewable energy development, the marketing of our approved desert tortoise land conservation bank, which is located on our properties outside the Water Project area, and other long-term legacy uses of our properties, such as habitat conservation and cultural development.

Corporate Information
We are a Delaware corporation with our principal executive offices located at 550 South Hope Street, Suite 2850, Los Angeles, California 90071.  Our telephone number is (213) 271-1600.  We maintain a corporate website at www.cadizinc.com.  The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not a part of this prospectus.
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THE OFFERING
IssuerCadiz Inc.
Common stock offered by us in this offeringShares having an aggregate offering price of up to $25,000,000.
Manner of offering"At the market offering" that may be made from time to time through our Agent, B. Riley FBR, Inc. pursuant to an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or "sales agreement".  See "Plan of Distribution" on page S-6.
Use of proceeds
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock under the sales agreement for the development of the Water Project, which may include funding all, or a portion, of the $20 million payment required if we elect to exercise our option to acquire an additional 124-mile extension of our northern pipeline, business development activities, capital expenditures, working capital and general corporate purposes.  See "Use of Proceeds" beginning on page S-5. 
Risk factorsInvesting in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-3 of this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.
Nasdaq Global Market symbolCDZI
RISK FACTORS
Our business is subject to significant risks. Before you invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider, among other matters, the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and the information under the heading "Risk Factors" in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. See "Information Incorporated by Reference." If any of the risks and uncertainties described in this prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference herein actually occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be adversely affected in a material way. This could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline, perhaps significantly, and you may lose part or all of your investment. Please note that additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business, financial condition and operations.
Risks Relating to this Offering

You will experience immediate dilution in the book value per share of the common stock you purchase in this offering.
Because the price per share of our common stock being offered is substantially higher than the book value per share of our common stock, you will suffer substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock you purchase in this offering. Based on the assumed public offering price of $10.98 per share (the closing sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on November 14, 2018) and assuming that we sell all $25,000,000 of shares of common stock under this prospectus, and after deducting commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us, if you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of $13.18 per share in the net tangible book value of the common stock. See the section titled "Dilution" below for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase common stock in this offering.
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Our management will have broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds from this offering.
We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock under the sales agreement for the development of the Water Project, which may include funding all, or a portion, of the $20 million payment required if we elect to exercise our option to acquire an additional 124-mile extension of our northern pipeline, business development activities, capital expenditures, working capital and corporate purposes. We have not reserved or allocated specific amounts for any of these purposes and we cannot specify with certainty how we will use the net proceeds. Accordingly, our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. The net proceeds may also be used for corporate purposes that do not increase our operating results or market value. Until the net proceeds are used, they may be placed in investments that do not produce income or that lose value.
The proceeds from this offering may not be sufficient to exercise the option to acquire the northern pipeline extension and we may not be able to obtain additional financing.

We may use the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock under the sales agreement to fund all, or a portion, of the $20 million payment required if we elect to exercise our option to acquire an additional 124-mile extension of our northern pipeline. The proceeds, if any, from this offering may not be sufficient to make the $20 million payment. We are pursuing alternatives that will provide additional resources to fund the payment, but we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain such financing or such financing is sufficient. If we are unable to exercise this option, then our northern pipeline opportunities will be limited to the 96-mile segment we currently own, which may have an adverse effect on our business operations and stock price.

It is not possible to predict the aggregate proceeds resulting from sales made under the sales agreement.
Subject to certain limitations in the sales agreement and compliance with applicable law, we have the discretion to deliver a placement notice to the Agent at any time throughout the term of the sales agreement. The number of shares that are sold through the Agent after delivering a placement notice will fluctuate based on a number of factors, including the market price of our common stock during the sales period, the limits we set with the Agent in any applicable placement notice, and the demand for our common stock during the sales period. Because the price per share of each share sold will fluctuate during the sales period, it is not currently possible to predict the aggregate proceeds to be raised in connection with those sales.
The common stock offered hereby will be sold in "at the market offerings," and investors who buy shares at different times will likely pay different prices.
Investors who purchase shares in this offering at different times will likely pay different prices, and so may experience different levels of dilution and different outcomes in their investment results. We will have discretion, subject to market demand, to vary the timing, prices, and number of shares sold in this offering. In addition, subject to the final determination by our board of directors, there is no minimum or maximum sales price for shares to be sold in this offering. Investors may experience a decline in the value of the shares they purchase in this offering as a result of sales made at prices lower than the prices they paid.

Future sales of our common stock could lower our stock price and dilute existing stockholders.
We may, in the future, sell additional shares of common stock in subsequent public or private offerings. We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or the effect, if any, that future sales and issuances of shares of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued upon the exercise of stock options and warrants and conversion of convertible promissory notes), or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock. In addition, these sales may be dilutive to existing stockholders.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
All statements in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference that are not historical facts should be considered "Forward Looking Statements" within the meaning of the "Safe Harbor" provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.  Some of the forward-looking statements can be identified by the use words such as "believe," "expect," "may," "will," "should," "seek," "approximately," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "project," "continue" or "anticipates" or similar expressions or words, or the negatives of those expressions or words. These forward-looking statements include, among others, our ability to maximize value from our Cadiz, California land and water resources and our ability to obtain new financings as needed to meet our ongoing working capital needs. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in, or suggested by, such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such plans, intentions, or expectations will be achieved.
Some of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are disclosed under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this prospectus. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us, or persons acting on our behalf, are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Additional risks, uncertainties, and other factors are incorporated herein by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, along with the other information contained in this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the "Exchange Act."  Except as otherwise required by applicable securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances, or any other reason, after the date of this prospectus.

USE OF PROCEEDS
We may issue and sell shares of our common stock having aggregate sales proceeds of up to $25.0 million from time to time. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time. There can be no assurance that we will sell any shares under or fully utilize the sales agreement as a source of financing. We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock that we are offering may be up to approximately $24,250,000 after deducting the Agent's commission and estimated offering expenses payable by us, assuming we sell the maximum amount under the sales agreement.

We currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock under the sales agreement for the development of the Water Project, which may include funding all, or a portion, of the $20 million payment required if we elect to exercise our option to acquire an additional 124-mile extension of our northern pipeline, business development activities, capital expenditures, working capital and general and corporate purposes.

Pending such uses, we may temporarily invest the net proceeds in short-term investments.

The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the factors described under "Risk Factors" in this prospectus and in the documents incorporated by reference herein, as well as the amount of cash used in our operations. We may find it necessary or advisable to use the net proceeds for other purposes, and our management will have significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds of this offering.
DILUTION
If you invest in our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share and our pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering. We calculate net tangible book value per share by dividing our net tangible book value, which is tangible assets less total liabilities, by the number of outstanding shares of our common stock.
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               Our net tangible book value as of September 30, 2018 was approximately $(83.7) million, or $(3.42) per share. After giving effect to the sale by us of 2,276,867 shares of common stock offered hereby at the assumed public offering price of $10.98 per share (the closing sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on November 14, 2018 and after deducting the sales agent commission and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2018 would have been approximately $(59.0) million, or $(2.20) per share. This represents an immediate increase in as adjusted net tangible book value of $1.22 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution of $13.18 per share to new investors purchasing our common stock in this offering. The following table illustrates the per share dilution to investors purchasing shares of common stock in this offering:
Assumed public offering price of common stock     $10.98 
Net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2018 $(3.42)         
Increase per share in net tangible book value after this offering $1.22       
As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2018, after giving effect to this offering     $(2.20) 
Dilution per share to new investors     $13.18 

The table above assumes for illustrative purposes that an aggregate of 2,276,867 shares of our common stock are sold during the term of the sales agreement at a price of $10.98 per share (the closing sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market on November 14, 2018) for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $25.0 million. The shares sold in this offering, if any, will be sold from time to time at various prices.
The information discussed above is illustrative only and will adjust based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at each sale under the sales agreement.
The above table is based on 24,453,358 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and does not include, as of September 30, 2018:
●  507,500 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options, issued pursuant to the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, with a weighted-average exercise price of $11.66;
40,796 shares of common stock available for future grants of stock or options under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan;
362,500 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants having an exercise price of $14.94 per share; or;
10,757,531 shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of outstanding convertible promissory notes at a conversion price of $6.75.
To the extent that the outstanding options or warrants are exercised, or shares are issued upon conversion of the convertible promissory notes, you will experience further dilution. To the extent that the above issued options and warrants are exercised, and all 10,757,531 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon conversion of the promissory notes are issued, the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our common stock after giving effect to this offering would be $(1.53) per share, and the dilution in net tangible book value per share to purchasers in this offering would be $12.51 per share. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of securities, the issuance of those securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We have entered into the sales agreement with B. Riley FBR, Inc., or the "Agent," under which we may issue and sell our common stock having an aggregate gross sales price of up to $25,000,000 from time to time through the Agent. Sales of our common stock, if any, under this prospectus may be made by any method that is deemed an "at the market offering" as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act. We may instruct the Agent not to sell common stock if the sales cannot be effected at or above the price designated by us from time to time. We or the Agent may suspend the offering of common stock upon notice and subject to other conditions.
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                 The Agent will offer our common stock subject to the terms and conditions of the sales agreement as agreed upon by us and the Agent. Each time we wish to issue and sell common stock under the sales agreement, we will notify the Agent of the number or dollar value of shares to be issued, the time period during which such sales are requested to be made, any limitation on the number of shares that may be sold in one day, any minimum price below which sales may not be made and other sales parameters as we deem appropriate. Once we have so instructed the Agent, unless the Agent declines to accept the terms of the notice, the Agent has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices to sell such shares up to the amount specified on such terms. The obligations of the Agent under the sales agreement to sell our common stock are subject to a number of conditions that we must meet.
We will pay the Agent commissions for its services in acting as agent in the sale of common stock at a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross sales price per share sold. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to close this offering, the actual total public offering amount, commissions and proceeds to us, if any, are not determinable at this time.  We have also agreed to reimburse the Agent for certain specified expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its legal counsel in an amount not to exceed $35,000, plus $1,500 per quarter that the sales agreement is effective. We estimate that the total expenses for the offering, excluding commissions and reimbursements payable to the Agent under the terms of the sales agreement, will be approximately $250,000.
Settlement for sales of common stock will generally occur on the second business day following the date on which any sales are made, or on some other date that is agreed upon by us and the Agent in connection with a particular transaction, in return for payment of the net proceeds to us. There is no arrangement for funds to be received in an escrow, trust or similar arrangement.
In connection with the sale of the common stock on our behalf, the Agent will be deemed to be an "underwriter" within the meaning of the Securities Act and the compensation of the Agent will be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. We have agreed to provide indemnification and contribution to the Agent against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
The offering of our common stock pursuant to the sales agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all of our common stock subject to the sales agreement, or (ii) termination of the sales agreement as provided therein.
The Agent and its affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking and other financial services for us and our affiliates, for which services they may in the future receive customary fees.


LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the securities offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Greenberg Traurig, LLP, Los Angeles, California.  B. Riley FBR is being represented in connection with this offering by Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Palo Alto, California.
EXPERTS
The financial statements and management's assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting (which is included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting) incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
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AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act, and file reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the "Commission" or the "SEC."  We have also filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the Commission.  This prospectus, which forms part of the registration statement, does not have all of the information contained in the registration statement.  The Commission also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information, including the registration statement.  The website address is:  http://www.sec.gov.

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The Commission allows us to "incorporate by reference" into this prospectus the information we file with them.  The information we incorporate by reference into this prospectus is an important part of this prospectus.  Any statement in a document we have filed with the Commission prior to the date of this prospectus and which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be considered to be modified or superseded to the extent a statement contained in the prospectus or any other subsequently filed document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes that statement.  The modified or superseded statement will not be considered to be a part of this prospectus, except as modified or superseded.
We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the information contained in the following documents, which is considered to be a part of this prospectus:
our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on March 14, 2018 and Form 10-K/A for the year ended December 31, 2017 filed on April 27, 2018;
our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed on March 27, 2018, May 3, 2018, May 24, 2018, and May 31, 2018;
our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018, and September 30, 2018, filed on May 9, 2018, August 6, 2018 and November 8, 2018, respectively;
the description of our common stock as set forth in our registration statement filed on Form 8-A under the Exchange Act on May 8, 1984, as amended by reports on:
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 26, 1988; and
Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 2, 1992.
We also incorporate by reference all additional documents that we file with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are filed after the date of the initial registration statement and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement or that are filed after the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the termination of the offering of securities offered pursuant to this prospectus.  We are not, however, incorporating in each case, any documents or information that we are deemed to "furnish" and not file in accordance with the Commission rules.
You may obtain a copy of these filings, without charge, by writing or calling us at:
Cadiz Inc.
550 South Hope Street
Suite 2850
Los Angeles, California 90071
Attention:  Investor Relations
(213) 271-1600
No dealer, salesperson, or other person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representation not contained in this prospectus, and, if given or made, such information and representation should not be relied upon as having been authorized by us.  This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction or to any person to
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whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation.  Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made hereunder shall under any circumstances create an implication that there has been no change in the facts set forth in this prospectus or in our affairs since the date hereof.
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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

ITEM 14.  Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following table sets forth the costs andDistribution.

We estimate that expenses payable by the Registrant in connection with the saledistribution described in this registration statement will be as shown below.  All expenses incurred with respect to the distribution, except for fees of counsel, if any, retained individually by a selling securityholder and any discounts or commissions payable with respect to sales of the securities being registered hereby.  All amounts are estimates except the registration fee.

Printing Fees $* 
Fees of Transfer Agent and Registrar $* 
Trustee's Fees and Expenses $* 
Accountant Fees and Expenses $25,000 
SEC Filing Fee $12,120 
FINRA Filing Fee $* 
Legal Fees and Expenses $150,000 
Miscellaneous $2,000 
Total $* 

*Feesshares, will depend upon the typebe paid by us.  See “Plan of securities offered and the number of issuances, which cannot be determined.
Distribution”.

Accountant Fees and Expenses $15,000.00 
SEC Filing Fee $6,220.90 
Legal Fees and Expenses $75,000.00 
Miscellaneous $2,000.00 
     
Total $98,220.90 

ITEM 15.  Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law permits our Board of Directors to indemnify any person against expenses, attorneys'attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such personhim in connection with any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding in which such personhe is made a party because such personhe serves or served as a director, officer, employee or agent of Cadiz or of another entity.  The language of Section 145 is sufficiently broad to permit indemnification in some situations for liabilities, including reimbursement for expenses incurred, arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  The statute provides that indemnification pursuant to its provisions is not exclusive of other rights of indemnification to which a person may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.

Our Bylaws provide for mandatory indemnification of directors and officers of Cadiz, and those serving at the request of Cadiz as directors, officers, employees, or agents of other entities, to the maximum extent permitted by law.  The Bylaws provide that this indemnification shall be a contract right between each of these persons and Cadiz.

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that a director of the company shall not be personally liable to the company or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability:

(1)   for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to Cadiz or its stockholders;
(2)   for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
(3)   under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or
(4)   for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

(1)for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to Cadiz or its stockholders;

(2)for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

(3)under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or

(4)for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that if the Delaware General Corporation Law is subsequently amended to authorize the further elimination or limitation of the liability of a director, then the liability of a director shall be eliminated or limited to the fullest extent permitted by the law as amended.  We have also purchased a liability insurance policy which insures our directors and officers against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.

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ITEM 16.

Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Registration Statement.

1.13.1Form of Underwriting Agreement (16)
1.2
3.1
Cadiz Inc. Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (1)(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Commission on March 13, 2020).
3.2AmendmentCadiz Bylaws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Cadiz Inc. Certificate of Incorporation dated November 8, 1996 (2)Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Commission on March 13, 2020).
3.3Amendment to Cadiz Inc. Certificate of Incorporation dated September 1, 1998 (3)
3.4Amendment to Cadiz Inc. Certificate of Incorporation dated December 15, 2003 (4)
3.5Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Cadiz Inc. effective June 10, 2016 (14)
3.6Certificate of EliminationDesignation of Series D Preferred Stock, Series E-1 Preferred Stock and Series E-21 Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc. dated December 15, 2003 (4)
3.7Certificate of Elimination of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc., dated March 25, 2004 (4)
3.8Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series F Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc. dated November 30, 2004 (5)
3.9Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series F Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc. dated June 30, 2006, as corrected(incorporated by Certificate of Correction dated March 14, 2007 (6)
3.10Cadiz Inc. Bylaws, as amended (7)
3.11Amendmentreference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Bylaws of Cadiz Inc. effective June 10, 2016 (14)Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Commission on March 13, 2020).
3.12Certificate of Elimination of Series F Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc. (as filed August 3, 2007) (8)
4.1Specimen form of stock certificate (3)
4.2
4.3
4.4Indenture among Cadiz Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of March 5, 2013 (9)
4.5First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 30, 2013, between Cadiz Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (10)
4.6Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 23, 2015, between Cadiz Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (11)
4.7Indenture, dated as of December 10, 2015, between Cadiz Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (12)
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4.8First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 28, 2016,(incorporated by and between Cadiz Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (13)
4.9Warrant dated May 25, 2017 issuedreference to Apollo Special Situations Fund, L.P. (15)
4.10Certificate(s) of Designations with respectExhibit 4 to the Preferred Stock (16)Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998 filed with the Commission on November 13, 1998).
4.11Form of Warrant Agreement (including Form of Warrant) (16)
4.12Form of Subscription Rights Agreement (including form of Subscription Rights Certificate) (16)
4.13Form of Unit Agreement (including form of Unit) (16)
5.1
23.1Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPIndependent Registered Public Accounting Firm*
23.2Consent of Greenberg Traurig, LLP (included in its opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1)
24.1Power of Attorney (included on signature page)Signature Page)

*   Filed herewith.


25.1Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of U.S. Bank National Association for the form of Senior Indenture *
25.2Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of U.S. Bank National Association for the form of Subordinated Indenture *
___________________
*To be filed pursuant to Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
(1)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 33-75642) declared effective May 16, 1994 filed on February 23, 1994 and incorporated herein by reference.
(2)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1996 filed on November 14, 1996 and incorporated herein by reference.
(3)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998 filed on November 13, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference.
(4)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 filed on November 2, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference.
(5)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 30, 2004 and filed on December 2, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
(6)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 6, 2006 and filed on July 6, 2006 and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 filed on March 16, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.
(7)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999 filed August 13, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference.
(8)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007 filed on August 6, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
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(9)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 and filed on March 15, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
(10) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 30, 2013 and filed on October 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
(11) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 23, 2015 and filed on November 30, 2015.
(12) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 10, 2015 and filed on December 16, 2015.
(13) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 26, 2016 and filed on April 29, 2016.
(14) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 9, 2016 and filed on June 14, 2016.
(15) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 24, 2017 and filed on May 26, 2017.
(16) To be filed, if necessary, by amendment or as an exhibit to one or more Current Reports on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 17.  Undertakings.

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

(a)The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1)To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i)To include any prospectus required by Sectionsection 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the "Securities Act";1933;

(ii)To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percenta 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the "Calculation“Calculation of Registration Fee"Fee” table in the effective Registration Statement;registration statement;

(iii)To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
provided,

Provided, however,, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3, and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrantregistrant pursuant to Sectionsection 13 or Sectionsection 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended, or the "Exchange Act," that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement,registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of thethis registration statement.

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(2)That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3)To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4)[Intentionally omitted].

(5)That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i)each prospectus filed byIf the Registrant pursuantregistrant is subject to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
(ii)430C, each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of thea registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectusit is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus.  As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.effectiveness.  Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date,first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.date of first use.
(5)That, for the purpose of determining liability of a Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i)Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii)Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant;
(iii)The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and
(iv)Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
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(6)[Intentionally omitted].

(7)[Intentionally omitted].

(b)The undersigned Registrantregistrant hereby undertakes that, for the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the Registrant'sregistrant’s annual report pursuant to Sectionsection 13(a) or Sectionsection 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan'splan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act)Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(7)(h)Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrantregistrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, set forth in response to Item 15, or otherwise, the Registrantregistrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.  In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrantregistrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrantregistrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrantregistrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrantregistrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Los Angeles, State of California, on November 16, 2018.

March 23, 2020.

 
CADIZ INC.
Registrant
By:

/s/ Timothy J. Shaheen

Timothy J. Shaheen 
Chief Financial Officer
        (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)


KNOW ALL YE BY THESE PRESENTS, that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Scott Slater and Timothy J. Shaheen, and each of them, his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement and any subsequent registration statements filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, which relates to this Registration Statement, and to file same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name and PositionDate
/s/
 /s/ Keith BrackpoolMarch 23, 2020
Keith Brackpool, Chairman
 /s/ Scott Slater
March 23, 2020
Scott Slater, Chief Executive Officer, President and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
November 16, 2018
/s/
 /s/ Timothy J. Shaheen
March 23, 2020
Timothy J. Shaheen, Chief Financial Officer and Director
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
November 16, 2018
/s/ Keith Brackpool
Keith Brackpool, Chairman
November 16, 2018
/s/ /s/ Geoffrey T. Grant
Geoffrey Grant, Director
November 16, 2018March 23, 2020
/s/ Stephen E. Courter
Stephen E. Courter,Geoffrey T. Grant, Director
November 16, 2018
/s/ Winston H. Hickox
March 23, 2020
Winston H. Hickox, Director
November 16, 2018
/s/
 /s/ Murray H. Hutchison
March 23, 2020
Murray H. Hutchison, Director
November 16, 2018
/s/ Raymond J. Pacini
Raymond J. Pacini, Director
November 16, 2018
/s/
 /s/ Stephen E. CourterMarch 23, 2020
Stephen E. Courter, Director
 /s/ Richard Nevins
March 23, 2020
Richard Nevins, Director
November 16, 2018
/s/ Jeffrey J. Brown
Jeffrey J. Brown,
 /s/ Carolyn Webb de MaciasMarch 23, 2020
Carolyn Webb de Macias, Director
November 16, 2018

Index to Exhibits

Exhibit
No.:

Title of Document

1.1 
Form of Underwriting Agreement (16)
1.2
3.1
3.1 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Commission on March 13, 2020).
3.2
Amendment
Cadiz Bylaws, as amended (incorporated by reference to Cadiz Inc. Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Commission on March 13, 2020).
3.3Certificate of Incorporation dated November 8, 1996 (2)
3.3
Amendment to Cadiz Inc. Certificate of Incorporation dated September 1, 1998 (3)
3.4
Amendment to Cadiz Inc. Certificate of Incorporation dated December 15, 2003 (4)
3.5
Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation of Cadiz Inc. effective June 10, 2016 (14)
3.6
Certificate of EliminationDesignation of Series D Preferred Stock, Series E-1 Preferred Stock and Series E-21 Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc. dated(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 15, 2003 (4)
31, 2019 filed with the Commission on March 13, 2020).
3.7
4.1
Certificate of Elimination of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc., dated March 25, 2004 (4)
3.8
Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series F Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc. dated November 30, 2004 (5)
3.9
Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations of Series F Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc. dated June 30, 2006, as corrected by Certificate of Correction dated March 14, 2007 (6)
3.10
Cadiz Inc. Bylaws, as amended (7)
3.11
Amendment to the Bylaws of Cadiz Inc. effective June 10, 2016 (14)
3.12
Certificate of Elimination of Series F Preferred Stock of Cadiz Inc. (as filed August 3, 2007) (8)
4.1
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998 filed with the Commission on November 13, 1998).
4.2
5.1
4.3
4.4
Indenture among Cadiz Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, dated as of March 5, 2013 (9)
4.5 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of October 30, 2013, between Cadiz Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (10)
4.6
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 23, 2015, between Cadiz Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (11)
4.7
Indenture, dated as of December 10, 2015, between Cadiz Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (12)
4.8
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 28, 2016, by and between Cadiz Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (13)
4.9
Warrant dated May 25, 2017 issued to Apollo Special Situations Fund, L.P. (15)
4.10
Certificate(s) of Designations with respect to the Preferred Stock (16)
4.11
Form of Warrant Agreement (including Form of Warrant) (16)
4.12
Form of Subscription Rights Agreement (including form of Subscription Rights Certificate) (16)
4.13
Form of Unit Agreement (including form of Unit) (16)
5.1
23.1
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLPIndependent Registered Public Accounting Firm*
23.2
Consent of Greenberg Traurig, LLP (included in its opinion filed as Exhibit 5.1)
24.1 
24.1 
25.1 
Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of U.S. Bank National Association for the form of Senior Indenture *
25.2 
Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of U.S. Bank National Association for the form of Subordinated Indenture *
25.3 
Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 of U.S. Bank National Association under the existing indentures (17)
__________
*To be filed pursuant to Section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
(1)  Previously filed as an exhibit to our registration statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 33-75642) declared effective May 16, 1994 filed on February

*   Filed herewith.

23 1994 and incorporated herein by reference.

(2)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1996 filed on November 14, 1996 and incorporated herein by reference.
(3)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998 filed on November 13, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference.
(4)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 filed on November 2, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference.
(5)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 30, 2004 and filed on December 2, 2004, and incorporated herein by reference.
(6)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 6, 2006 and filed on July 6, 2006 and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 filed on March 16, 2007, and incorporated herein by reference.

 
(7)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999 filed August 13, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference.
(8)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007 filed on August 6, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.
(9)   Previously filed as an exhibit to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 and filed on March 15, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
(10) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 30, 2013 and filed on October 31, 2013 and incorporated herein by reference.
(11) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 23, 2015 and filed on November 30, 2015.
(12) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 10, 2015 and filed on December 16, 2015.
(13) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated April 26, 2016 and filed on April 29, 2016.
(14) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 9, 2016 and filed on June 14, 2016.
(15) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 24, 2017 and filed on May 26, 2017.
(16) To be filed, if necessary, by amendment or as an exhibit to one or more Current Reports on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference herein.
(17) Previously filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-214318) on October 28, 2016 and incorporated by reference herein.