As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 1, 2001
May 22, 2009
Registration No.

333-158472


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
______________________

AMENDMENT NO. 1
FORM S-3

S-3/A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933


____________________

PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

     DELAWARE58-1954497


(State or other jurisdiction of                                                                                                   (I.R.S.
DELAWARE
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
58-1954497
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

incorporation or organization)

1940 Northwest 67th

8302 Dunwoody Place,
Gainesville, Florida 32653
(352) 373-4200
#250
Atlanta, Georgia  30350
(770) 587-9898
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive office)

DR. LOUIS F. CENTOFANTI
Chairman of the Board
Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.
1940 Northwest 67th
8302 Dunwoody Place,
Gainesville, Florida 32653
(352) 373-4200
#250
Atlanta, Georgia  30350
(770) 587-9898
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copy to:
Irwin H. Steinhorn, Esquire
Conner & Winters, A Professional Corporation
LLP
One Leadership Square, Suite 1700
211 North Robinson
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma  73102
(405) 272-5711


Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicableFrom time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to a dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: [  ]¨

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: [X]x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: [  ]¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: [  ]¨


If delivery ofthis Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the prospectus is expected to be madeCommission pursuant to Rule 434,462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box:  [  ]box.

¨


If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ¨
Accelerated filer  x
Non-accelerated filer  ¨    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company  ¨
The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.


CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE


             
Title of Each Class
of Securities to be
Registered
 
Number of
Shares to be
Registered
  
Proposed
Maximum
Offering Price
Per Share(1)
  
Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price(2)
  
Amount of
Registration
Fee
 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value  5,000,000  $1.94  $9,700,000  $381.22(3)
Rights attached to above shares of Common Stock under Rights Agreement(3)
  5,000,000  $0.00  $0.00  $0.00 


Title(1)
The proposed maximum aggregate offering price, estimated solely for the purpose of Each Class
calculating the registration fee, has been computed pursuant to Rule 457(c) of the Securities to be
Registered

NumberAct of
Shares to be
Registered
Proposed
Maximum
Offering Price
Per Share
Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price

Amount 1933 and is based on the average of
Registration
Fee

Common Stock

21,619,722(1)

$ 2.69(2)

$58,157,052(3)

$14,539.26
the high and low prices of Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.’s common stock, $0.001 par value, on April 1, 2009, as reported by The Nasdaq Capital Markets.

(1)    Includes (a) 250,000 shares which have been or
(2)
Each share of common stock has a Right attached to it pursuant to the Registrant’s Rights Agreement, dated May 2, 2008 (as more fully described beginning on page 13 of the prospectus). These Rights are also being registered in this registration statement.

(3)Previously paid



The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be issued by the Company in payment of dividends accrued 
        on the Series 17 Class Q Preferred Stock ("Series 17 Preferred"); (b) 1,666,667 shares issuable upon conversion 
        of the Series 17 Preferred; (c) 1,944,242 shares which have been issued by the Company in connection with a 
        stock purchase agreement; (d) 4,397,566 shares which have been issued by the Company pursuant to private
        placement; (e) 1,999,437 shares which have been issued pursuant to an exchange agreement; and (f) 13,306,052 
        shares issuable by the Company upon the exercise of various warrants having exercise prices ranging from 
        $1.20 to $1.9688.

(2)Estimated solely for the purposes of calculatingchanged.  We may not sell these securities until the registration feestatement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and is not soliciting an offer to buy securities in accordance with Rule 457(c) and (g) on 
any state where the basis of the average of the high and low price as quoted on the NASDAQ Small Cap Market on 
       September 24, 2001.

(3)  Estimated in accordance with Rule 457(g) for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.

offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion:  Dated October 1, 2001May 22, 2009


PROSPECTUS

PermaFix



environmental services
5,000,000 Shares
and the Rights attached to the shares

21,619,722 Shares

PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.


Common Stock



           This prospectus relates to the offer or sale of up to 21,619,722 shares of Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. may offer shares of its common stock or the Shares, from time to time by the Selling Stockholders listed in this prospectus.time.  Each share of common stock includes an attached Right under our Rights Agreement, dated May 2, 2008.  We will not receivespecify in an accompanying prospectus supplement the terms of any proceeds from the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholders.

offering.  Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq SmallCap MarketNASDAQ Capital Markets under the symbol "PESI" and on the Boston Stock Exchange under the symbol "PES."“PESI”.  On September 24, 2001,May 20, 2009, the closing price of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq SmallCap MarketNASDAQ Capital Markets was $2.63.$2.36.



           The Company has agreedYou should read this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.  This prospectus may not be used to pay all the costsoffer and fees relating to the registration of the Shares coveredsell securities unless accompanied by this prospectus. However, the Company will not pay any discounts, concessions, or commissions payable to underwriters, dealers, or agents incident to the offering of the Shares or the fees and expenses incurred by counsel for the Selling Stockholders.a prospectus supplement.



___________________________________

InvestmentInvesting in these securitiesour common stock involves a high degree of risk.
See "RISK FACTORS"  You should carefully consider the Risk Factors beginning on page 23 of this prospectus.prospectus before you make an investment decision.


_
__________________________________

The common stock offered by this prospectus may be offered in amounts, at prices and at terms determined at the time of the offering and may be sold directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers.  We will set forth the names of any underwriters or agents in the accompanying prospectus supplement.  For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.”  The net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy ofdetermined if this prospectus.prospectus is truthful or complete.  Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
___________________________________

offense.


The date of this prospectus is ____________________, 2001.

___________, 2009.



TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUMMARY1
THE COMMON STOCK WE MAY OFFER2
RISK FACTORS2
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS11
USE OF PROCEEDS12
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION12
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK13
RIGHTS ATTACHING TO OUR COMMON STOCK13
LEGAL OPINION16
EXPERTS16
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION16
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE17


The informationUnless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus is not completeto “Perma-Fix,” “the company,” “we,” “our,” and may be changed.  These securities may“us” refer to Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

No person has been authorized to give any information or make any representations in connection with this offering other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement in connection with the offering described herein and therein, and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be sold until the related registration statement filed with the SEC is effective.  Thisrelied upon as having been authorized by us.  Neither this prospectus is notnor any prospectus supplement shall constitute an offer to sell these securities and it is not solicitingor a solicitation of an offer to buy theseoffered securities in any state wherejurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offering or solicitation.  Neither the offerdelivery of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement nor any sale made hereunder shall under any circumstances imply that the information contained or incorporated by reference herein or in any prospectus supplement is not permitted.correct as of any date subsequent to the date hereof or of such prospectus supplement.

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SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information included in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.  You should carefully consider the information set forth in this entire prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” section, the applicable prospectus supplement for such securities and the other documents we refer to or that we incorporate by reference.
This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a shelf registration process.  Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, sell up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock in one or more offerings.  This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer.  Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering.  The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.  You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, including the risk factors, together with additional information described below under the heading s Where You Can Find More Information” and “Incorporation by Reference.”

Perma-Fix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABOUT OUR BUSINESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1

RISK FACTORS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

USE OF PROCEEDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

SUMMARY OF SECURITIES BEING OFFERED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

LEGAL OPINION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

EXPERTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

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ABOUT OUR BUSINESS

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. is an environmental and technology know-how company.  We are engaged through our subsidiaries, in the following lines of business:in:

Industrial

Nuclear Waste Management Services

            Our Industrial Waste Management Services (“Nuclear Segment”), which include:

            *  treatment, storage, processing, and disposal of hazardous and nonhazardous waste;


            *  industrial waste and wastewater management services, including the collection, treatment,
·Treatment, storage, processing and disposal of mixed waste (which is waste that contains both low-level radioactive and hazardous waste) including on and off-site waste remediation and processing;

                and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and the design and construction of on-site 
·Nuclear, low-level radioactive, and mixed waste treatment, processing and disposal; and

                wastewater treatment systems;
·Research and development of innovative ways to process low-level radioactive and mixed waste.

*  various waste management services to certain governmental agencies.

These services are primarily conducted through sixfour of our subsidiaries:


·Perma-Fix Northwest Richland, Inc. located in Richland, Washington, adjacent to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford, Washington, facility;

·Perma-Fix of Florida, Inc., located in Gainesville, Florida;

·Diversified Scientific Services, Inc., located in Kingston, Tennessee; and

·East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation, located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

            *  Perma-Fix Treatment Services, Inc. located in Tulsa, Oklahoma;
            *  Perma-Fix of Dayton, Inc. located in Dayton, Ohio;
            *  Perma-Fix of Ft. Lauderdale, Inc. located in Davie, Florida;
            *  Perma-Fix of Orlando, Inc. located in Orlando, Florida;
            *  Perma-Fix of South Georgia, Inc. located in Valdosta, Georgia; and
            *  Perma-Fix of Michigan, Inc. located in Detroit, Michigan.

NuclearIndustrial Waste Management Services

(“Industrial Segment”), which include:


·treatment storage, processing and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and

·wastewater management services, including the collection, treatment, processing and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastewater.

          Our Nuclear Waste ManagementThese services are conducted through our subsidiaries:

·Perma-Fix of Fort Lauderdale, Inc., located in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida;

·Perma-Fix of South Georgia, Inc., located in Valdosta, Georgia; and

·Perma-Fix of Orlando, Inc., located in Orlando, Florida.

1


Consulting Engineering Services include:

           *  treatment, storage, processing(“Engineering Segment”), which provide solutions to industrial and disposal of mixed waste (which is both low-level radioactivegovernment customers for broad-scope environmental issues including:


·Air, water, and hazardous waste permitting;

·air, soil, and water sampling;

·compliance reporting;

·emission reduction strategies; and

·compliance auditing.

The Engineering Segment also provides various compliance and
               hazardous waste);training activities, as well as engineering and

*  nuclear and low-level radioactive waste treatment, processing and disposal, which includes research, 
               development, and on and off-site waste remediation and processing.

compliance support needed by our other segments.  These services are primarily conducted through three of our subsidiaries:

          *   Perma-Fix of Florida, Inc. located in Gainesville, Florida;
          *   Diversified Scientific Services, Inc. located in Kingston, Tennessee; and
          *   East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Consulting Engineering Services

          Our Consulting Engineering Services include broad-scope environmental issues, including environmental management programs, regulatory permitting, compliance and auditing, landfill design, field testing and characterization. These services are primarily conducted throughsubsidiary, Schreiber, Yonley & Associates, Inc., located in St. Louis,Ellisville, Missouri.

          We have grown through both acquisitions and internal development.


Our present objectivegoal is to continue focus on the operations, maximizeefficient operation of our existing facilities within our Nuclear, Industrial, and Engineering Segments, evaluate strategic acquisitions primarily within the profitability,Nuclear Segments, and to continue the research and development of innovative technologies for the treatment ofto treat nuclear waste, mixed waste, and industrial waste.

   We continue to place greater attention and resources on our nuclear business.


We service research institutions, commercial companies, public utilities, and governmental agencies nationwide. The distribution channels for services are through direct sales to customers or via intermediaries.


We were incorporated in the State of Delaware in December 1990. Our executive offices are located at 1940 N.W. 67th8302 Dunwoody Place, Gainesville, Florida 32653,#250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350, and our telephone number is (352) 373-4200.(770) 587-9898.  Our home page on the Internetwebsite is www.perma-fix.com.located at www.perma-fix.com.  The information contained in our web sitewebsite is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

RISK FACTORS

           Prospective purchasers

THE COMMON STOCK WE MAY OFFER
We may offer up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of common stock in one or more offerings.  A prospectus supplement, which we will provide to you each time we offer securities, will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of these securities.  Each share of common stock includes an attached Right, as described beginning on page 13 of this prospectus.
We may sell the common stock to or through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers.  We and our agents reserve the sole right to accept and to reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of securities.  Each prospectus supplement will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of the Shares pursuantcommon stock described in that prospectus supplement and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them.
Common stock holders are entitled to thisreceive dividends declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends, subject to rights, if any, of preferred stock holders.  However, we have never paid a dividend, and we do not anticipate paying a dividend in the foreseeable future.  Our current secured credit facility prohibits us from paying cash dividends on our common stock.  Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share.  The holders of common stock have no preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights.  A prospectus supplement will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of any common stock to be issued.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk.  You should carefully consider carefully the factors set forthrisks described below before making an investment decision, as well as the risks and other information containedincluded and incorporated by reference in the applicable prospectus supplement when determining whether or not to purchase the securities offered under this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement.   You should also refer to the other information in this prospectus incorporated by reference into this prospectus and incorporated herein by reference.

We have a history of losses from operations and may continue to incurthe additional lossesinformation in the future which could adversely affect our ability to operateother reports we file with the Securities and your investment in our common stock.Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

           We have reported consolidated net losses in all annual periods, except 1999, when we reported net income of $1,570,000, before provision for preferred stock dividends, net of $120,000. For the year ended December 31, 2000, we had an audited net loss of $556,000, before provision for preferred stock dividends of $206,000. There is no assurance that we will be able to return to profitability or to become profitable on an annualized basis. Our audited consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2000, reflected an accumulated deficit of approximately $21,469,000.

           For the three months ended June 30, 2001, we had an unaudited consolidated net loss applicable to common stock of approximately $746,000 (after taking into account a preferred stock dividend of $32,000) on unaudited consolidated net revenues of approximately $17,840,000, as compared to an unaudited consolidated net income applicable to common stock of approximately $262,000 (after taking into account a preferred stock dividend of $50,000) on unaudited consolidated net revenues of approximately $14,492,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2000. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2001, we had an unaudited consolidated net loss applicable to common stock of approximately $1,318,000 (after taking into account a preferred stock dividend of $82,000) on unaudited consolidated net revenues of approximately $36,552,000, as compared to an unaudited consolidated net loss applicable to common stock of approximately $229,000 (after taking into account a preferred stock dividend of $104,000) on unaudited consolidated net revenues of approximately $28,081,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2000.


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If we are unable to obtain and sustain profitability on an annualized basis each year in the foreseeable future, such inability would have a material adverse effect on us and our ability to operate.

Our substantial amount of debt could adversely affect our operations.

           We have a substantial amount of debt. At September 14, 2001, our aggregate consolidated debt was approximately $31 million. Our leverage could have material adverse consequences on our ability to operate our business, including the following:

          *   our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for refinancing indebtedness, acquisitions, working 
               capital, capital expenditures or other purposes may be impaired;

*   funds available to us for our operations and general corporate purposes or for capital expenditures will be
                 reduced because a substantial portion of our consolidated cash flow from operations will be dedicated to 
                 the paymentany of the principal and interest on our indebtedness;

*   we may be more highly leveraged than certain of our competitors, which may place us at a competitive
disadvantage;

*   the agreements governing our long-term indebtedness and credit facility contain certain restrictive financial 
                 and operating covenants;

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*    of an event of default occurs, which is not cured or waived, under financial and operating covenants 
                   contained in either our or our subsidiaries' debt instruments, this could result in and have a material 
                   adverse effect on us;

*    we may be more vulnerable to a downturn in general economic conditions; and

*    certain of the borrowings under our debt agreements have floating rates of interest, which cause us to be
                    vulnerable to increases in interest rates.

           Our ability to make principal and interest payments, or to refinance indebtedness, will depend on both our and our subsidiaries' future operating performance and cash flow. Prevailing economic conditions, interest rate levels, and financial, competitive, business, and other factors affect us and our subsidiaries. Many of these factors are beyond our control.

Our industrial waste management services and nuclear waste management services subject us to potential environmental liability.

          Our business of rendering services in connection with management of waste, including certain types of hazardous waste and low-level radioactive waste, subjects us to significantfollowing risks of liability for damages. Such liability could involve, without limitation:

           *    claims for clean-up costs, personal injury or damage to the environment in cases in which we are held 
                  responsible for the release of hazardous or radioactive materials;

*    claims of employees, customers, or third parties for personal injury or property damage occurring in the 
                 course of our operations; and

           *   claims alleging negligence or professional errors or omissions in the planning or performance of our
                services or in the provision of our products.

In addition, we could be deemed a responsible party for the cost of cleaning any property which may be contaminated by hazardous substances generated by us and disposed at such property or transported by us to a site selected by us, including properties we own or lease.

The price of our common stock may be driven down by conversion of our convertible preferred stock and exercise of our outstanding warrants and options.

           The conversion of our outstanding Series 17 Class Q Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share (the "Series 17 Preferred"), could result in an issuance of up to 1,666,667 shares of common stock. The conversion price of the Series 17 Preferred is $1.50 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions. We also have outstanding warrants to purchase up to approximately 15,513,802 shares of common stock and outstanding options to purchase up to approximately 2,079,949 shares of common stock (assuming that all options are currently exercisable). The exercise prices of the outstanding warrants and options (assuming that all options are currently exercisable) for purchase of shares of our common stock range from $1.00 per share to $5.25 per share, subject to adjustment pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions.

           The conversion of the Series 17 Preferred into, and the exercise of outstanding warrants and options for, common stock would reduce the percentage ownership of existing common stockholders and could, among other things, depress the price of the common stock. This result could detrimentally affect our ability to raise additional equity capital. The issuance of such additional shares of common stock may also result in a change in control.

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There are a substantial number of shares of common stock eligible for future sale in the public market. The sale of those shares could cause the market price of our common stock to fall. Any future equity issuances by us may have dilution and other effects on our existing stockholders.

          The conversion of our outstanding convertible preferred stock and the exercise of our outstanding options and warrants will result in the issuance of a substantial number of shares of common stock, thereby causing dilution of the common stock. The holders of all of our convertible preferred stock and the holders of many of our warrants and options may immediately sell the full amount of common stock received upon conversion of the convertible preferred stock or exercise of the warrants and options, as applicable. As these shares are sold, the price of the common stock may decrease. Dilution of our common stock may potentially have a substantial and material adverse impact on our earnings per share, as well as on our ability to raise additional equity capital. The issuance of such additional shares of common stock may also result in a change in control.

Our outstanding preferred stock and warrants subject us to a potential change in control, which could have an adverse effect on our management and our stockholders' ability to direct management.

           As of September 21, 2001, Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG ("Capital Bank"), f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft, owned of record, as agent for certain of its investors, 9,972,914 shares of our common stock, or approximately 29.5% of the outstanding shares of common stock. Capital Bank is also the owner of record of:

         *    all of the outstanding shares of the Series 17 Preferred which are convertible into 1,666,667 shares of common
               stock; and

*    various warrants for the purchase of up to 5,308,650 shares of common stock.

These estimates do not include the shares of common stock which may be issued to Capital Bank in payment of dividends accrued on the Series 17 Preferred.

          If Capital Bank acquires an aggregate of 1,666,667 shares of common stock on conversion of the Series 17 Preferred and 5,308,650 shares of common stock upon the exercise of various warrants, Capital Bank will own approximately 16,948,231 shares of common stock (which includes the 9,972,914 shares of common stock held by Capital Bank as of September 21, 2001), representing approximately 41.6% of our then outstanding common stock. These estimates do not include the shares of common stock which may be issued to Capital Bank in payment of dividends accrued on the Series 17 Preferred. The estimates further assume no other options or warrants are exercised, and we do not issue any other shares of common stock. We may not have sufficient remedies to avoid an actual change in control if Capital Bank seeks such a change in control.

          If Capital Bank converts all of the shares of Series 17 Preferred and exercises all of the currently outstanding warrants that are held in its name and all of the other currently outstanding warrants and options are exercised, then Capital Bank would own approximately 32.0% of our issued and outstanding common stock. This estimate assumes we do not issue any other shares of our common stock. In this event, Capital Bank would still be our largest stockholder.

         If Capital Bank acquires control of us by converting the Series 17 Preferred and exercising the outstanding warrants held by it, our operations and management could be greatly impacted. For instance, Capital Bank could have the ability to exercise significant or absolute influence over matters involving stockholder voting, including election of directors or the approval of a merger proposal. As a result, the ability of our stockholders (other than Capital Bank) to influence our management and policies could be reduced, and their ability to realize opportunities to sell some or all of their common stock at prices that represent a premium over market prices could be lost.

          The rules of the Nasdaq SmallCap Market (the "Nasdaq") could deem such a change in control to be a change in financial structure or a merger or consolidation with Capital Bank. If so, Nasdaq could require us to requalify under the initial listing standards of Nasdaq to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq. If we are required to 

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requalify for listing on the Nasdaq, among other things, our common stock must have a minimum bid price of $4.00 per share. The market price of the common stock as of the effective date of this prospectus is below $4.00 and would not meet Nasdaq initial listing requirements.

Our directors and officers own a significant percentage of our common stock. Their ownership could enable them to exercise significant control over corporate decisions.

            Prior to the conversion of the outstanding shares of our Series 17 Preferred or the exercise of any outstanding warrants and options, approximately 7.8% of the outstanding shares of common stock is held by our executive officers and directors as of September 21, 2001. Such persons have options or similar other rights to acquire approximately 452,645 shares, representing an additional 2.0% of our common stock. Assuming the options and warrants held by our executive officers and directors which are exercisable within 60 days of September 21, 2001, are exercised, the outstanding shares of Series 17 Preferred are not converted, and no other outstanding options or warrants are exercised, our executive officers and directors would beneficially own, as a group, approximately 9.8% of the outstanding shares of common stock.

The growth of our business is primarily dependent upon our ability to successfully operate M&EC.

            In June 2001, we acquired East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation ("M&EC"), a mixed waste processing facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Prior to the acquisition, we had loaned and advanced approximately $12.1 million to M&EC for use in the operation and construction of M&EC's facility.  At the closing of the M&EC acquisition, we advanced funds to M&EC to pay certain liabilities to the Internal Revenue Service, certain 401(k) plans, and several M&EC debt holders, in an aggregate amount of approximately $2.0 million.  In order to acquire M&EC and to finance the construction of M&EC's facility, we borrowed a substantial amount of funds. Because M&EC's facility is newly constructed, M&EC had no operating history prior to our acquisition of M&EC. There are no assurances that M&EC's operations will generate revenue sufficient for us to recoup the amounts loaned to M&EC and expended in the acquisition of M&EC. There are also no assurances that we will be able to effectively operate M&EC to achieve profitability. Consequently, the potential growth of our business will be limited andactually occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition would suffer a material adverse effect ifcould suffer. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.  The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements.


Risks Relating to our Operations

Our insurer that provides our financial assurance that we are unablerequired have in order to successfully operate M&EC.

            Currently, M&EC's revenuesour permitted treatment, storage and disposal facility has experienced financial difficulties.


It has been publicly reported that American International Group, Inc. (“AIG”), has experienced significant financial difficulties and is continuing to experience significant financial difficulties.  A subsidiary of AIG provides our finite risk insurance policies which provide financial assurance to the applicable states for our permitted facilities in the event of unforeseen closure.  We are generated primarily pursuantrequired to three subcontracts under contractsprovide and to maintain financial assurance that guarantees to the state that in the event of closure of our permitted facilities will be closed in accordance with the U. S. Departmentregulations.  The policies provide a maximum of Energy (the "DOE"). Each$35,000,000 of these subcontracts provides that the DOE may terminate the contracts underfinancial assurance coverage of which the subcontractscoverage amount totals $32,515,000 at December 31, 2008.  In March 2009, the policies were increased to provide a maximum of $39,000,000 of financial assurance coverage of which the coverage amounts totals $37,936,000.  This additional increase was the result of additional financial assurance coverage requirement for our DSSI subsidiary to commercially store and dispose of PCB wastes under a permit issued by the EPA on 30 days' notice. If we fail to maintain, renew, or replace these contracts, M&EC's revenues will beNovember 26, 2008.  The AIG subsidiary also provides other operating insurance policies for the Company and our subsidiaries.  In the event of a failure of AIG, this could materially reduced, and your investment will be materially and adversely affected.

If we cannot maintain our government permits or cannot obtain any required permits, we may not be able to continue or expand our operations.

            Our business is subject to extensive, evolving, and increasingly stringent federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. Such federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations govern our activities regarding the treatment, storage, recycling, disposal, and transportation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and low-level radioactive waste. We must obtain and maintain permits, licenses and/or approvals to conduct such activities in compliance with such laws and regulations. Failure to obtain and maintain such permits, licenses and/or approvals would have a material adverse effect onimpact our operations and financial condition. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our currently held permits, licenses, and/or approvals or obtain any additional permits, licenses and/or approvals which may be required as we expand our operations.

Our liquidity and profitability affects our ability to comply with governmental regulations.

           Because the environmental industry continues to develop rapidly, we cannot predict the extent to which our operations may be affected by future enforcement policies as applied to existing laws, by changes to current environmental laws and regulations, or by the enactment of new environmental laws and regulations. Any predictions regarding possible

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 liability under such laws are complicated further by current environmental laws which provide that we could be liable, jointly and severally, for certain activities of third parties over whom we have limited or no control. The standards imposed by federal, state, and local permitting laws require us to incur certain levels of capital expenditures to maintain compliance with such standards.

           Our inability to become profitable on a long-term basis could have a negative impact on our ability to remain in compliance with various federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Violation of such federal, state, and local regulations could result in the loss of one or more of our permits or subject uswhich we are required to substantial fines, penalties, or other liabilities that could have a material adverse impact onin order to operate our business.

As our operations expand, we may be subject to increased litigation.

          Our operations are regulated by numerous laws regarding procedures for waste treatment, storage, recycling, transportation, and disposal activities, all of which may provide the basis for litigation against us. In recent years, the waste treatment industry has experienced a significant increase in so-called "toxic-tort" litigation as those injured by contamination seek to recover for personal injuries or property damage. We believe that as our operations and activities expand, there will be a similar increase in the potential for litigation alleging that we are responsible for contamination or pollution caused by our normal operations, negligence or other misconduct, or for accidents which occur in the course of our business activities. Such litigation, if significant and not adequately insured against, could have a material adverse effect upon our operations and financial condition. Protracted litigation would likely cause us to spend significant amounts of our time, effort, and money. This could prevent our management from focusing on our operation and expansion, thereby resulting in a material adverse effect upon us.

facilities.


If we cannot maintain adequate insurance coverage, we will violatebe unable to continue certain of our operating permits.

operations.


Our business exposes us to various risks, including claims for causing damage to property and injuries to persons whichthat may involve allegations of negligence or professional errors or omissions in the performance of our services. Such claims could be substantial. We believe that our insurance coverage is presently adequate and similar to, or greater than, the coverage maintained by other companies in the industry of our size. There can be no assurance thatIf we will be ableare unable to obtain adequate or required insurance coverage in the future, or if obtainable, that suchour insurance will beis not available at affordable rates. If we cannot obtain or maintain such coverage,rates, we would violate our permit conditions and other requirements of the environmental laws, rules, and regulations under which we operate, and weoperate. Such violations would berender us unable to continue certain of our operations. These events would have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

Our operations will suffer if we are unable to manage our rapid growth.

          We are currently experiencing a period of rapid growth through internal expansion and strategic acquisitions. This growth has placed, and could continue to place, a significant strain on our management, personnel, and other resources. Our ability to grow effectively will require us to effectively manage our collaborative arrangements and to continue to improve our operational, management, and financial systems and controls, and to successfully train, motivate, and manage our employees. Management's


The inability to effectively control growthmaintain existing government contracts or win new government contracts over an extended period could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

adversely affect our future revenues.


A material amount of our Nuclear Segment's revenues are generated through various U.S. government contracts or subcontracts involving the U.S. government.  Our revenues from governmental contracts and subcontracts relating to governmental facilities within our Nuclear Segment were approximately $43,464,000 and $30,000,000, representing 57.6% and 46.5%, respectively, of our consolidated operating revenues from continuing operations for 2008 and 2007.  Most of our government contracts or our subcontracts granted under government contracts are awarded through a regulated competitive bidding process. Some government contracts are awarded to multiple competitors, which increase overall competition and pricing pressure and may require us to make sustained post-award efforts to realize revenues under these government contracts. All contracts with, or subcontracts involving, the federal government are terminable, or subject to renegotiation, by the applicable governmental agency on 30 days notice, at the option of the governmental agency.  If we are unablefail to developmaintain or replace these relationships, or if a material contract is terminated or renegotiated in a manner that is materially adverse to us, our revenues and protect our proprietary technology, our growthfuture operations could be limited.

materially adversely affected.


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Failure of our Nuclear Segment to be profitable could have a material adverse effect.

Our success is heavily dependent uponNuclear Segment has historically been profitable. With the divestitures of certain facilities within our abilityIndustrial Segment and the acquisition of our Perma-Fix Northwest Richland, Inc. (“PFNWR”) within our Nuclear Segment in June 2007, the Nuclear Segment represents the Company’s largest revenue segment. The Company’s main objectives are to developincrease focus on the efficient operation of our existing facilities within our Nuclear Segment and marketto further evaluate strategic acquisitions within the Nuclear Segment. If our proprietary technologies. There canNuclear Segment fails to continue to be no assurance thatprofitable in the steps taken by us to protect our proprietary technologies will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of these technologies by third parties. Any such misappropriationfuture, this could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, liquidity and our potential growth.

Our existing and future customers may reduce or halt their spending on nuclear services with outside vendors, including us.

A variety of factors may cause our existing or future customers (including the federal government) to reduce or halt their spending on nuclear services from outside vendors, including us. These factors include, but are not limited to:

·accidents, terrorism, natural disasters or other incidents occurring at nuclear facilities or involving shipments of nuclear materials;
·failure of the federal government to approve necessary budgets, or to reduce the amount of the budget necessary, to fund remediation of U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) and U.S. Department of Defense (“DOD”) sites;
·civic opposition to or changes in government policies regarding nuclear operations; or
·a reduction in demand for nuclear generating capacity.

These events could result in or cause the federal government to terminate or cancel its existing contracts involving us to treat, store or dispose of contaminated waste at one or more of the federal sites since all contracts with, or subcontracts involving, the federal government are terminable upon or subject to renegotiation at the option of the government on 30 days notice.  These events also could adversely affect us to the extent that they result in the reduction or elimination of contractual requirements, lower demand for nuclear services, burdensome regulation, disruptions of shipments or production, increased operational costs or difficulties or increased liability for actual or threatened property damage or personal injury.

Economic downturns (i.e. the current economic recession) and/or reductions in government funding could have a material negative impact on our businesses.

Demand for our services has been, and we expect that demand will continue to be, subject to significant fluctuations due to a variety of factors beyond our control, including the current economic recession and conditions, inability of the federal government to adopt its budget or reductions in the budget for spending to remediate federal sites due to numerous reasons, including, without limitation, the substantial deficits that the federal government has and is continuing to incur.  During economic downturns, such as the current economic recession, and large budget deficits that the federal government and many states are experiencing, the ability of private and government entities to spend on nuclear services may decline significantly.  Although the recently adopted economic stimulus package provides for substantial funds to remediate federal nuclear sites, we cannot be certain that economic or political conditions will be generally favorable or that there will not be significant fluctuations adversely affecting our industry as a whole.  In addition, our operations depend, in large part, upon governmental funding, particularly funding levels at the DOE.  Significant reductions in the level of governmental funding (for example, the annual budget of the DOE) or specifically mandated levels for different programs that are important to our business could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of operations and financial condition. Changes to current environmental laws and regulations also could limit the use of our proprietary technology.

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cash flows.


The loss of one or a few customers could have an adverse effect on us.

One or a few governmental customers or governmental related customers have in the past, and may in the future, account for a significant portion of our revenue in any one year or over a period of several consecutive years.  Because customers generally contract with us for specific projects, we may lose these significant customers from year to year as their projects with us are completed. Our inability to replace the business with other projects could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

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As a government contractor, we are subject to extensive government regulation, and our failure to comply with applicable regulations could subject us to penalties that may restrict our ability to conduct our business.

Our governmental contracts, which are primarily with the DOE or subcontracts relating to DOE sites, are a significant part of our business.  Allowable costs under U.S. government contracts are subject to audit by the U.S. government.  If these audits result in determinations that costs claimed as reimbursable are not allowed costs or were not allocated in accordance with applicable regulations, we could be required to reimburse the U.S. government for amounts previously received.

Governmental contracts or subcontracts involving governmental facilities are often subject to specific procurement regulations, contract provisions and a variety of other requirements relating to the formation, administration, performance and accounting of these contracts.  Many of these contracts include express or implied certifications of compliance with applicable regulations and contractual provisions.  If we fail to comply with any regulations, requirements or statutes, our existing governmental contracts or subcontracts involving governmental facilities could be terminated or we could be suspended from government contracting or subcontracting.  If one or more of our governmental contracts or subcontracts are terminated for any reason, or if we are suspended or debarred from government work, we could suffer a significant reduction in expected revenues and profits. Furthermore, as a result of our governmental contracts or subcontracts involving governmental facilities, claims for civil or criminal fraud may be brought by the government or violations of these regulations, requirements or statutes.

Loss of certain key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

us.


Our success depends on the contributions of our key management, environmental and engineering personnel, especially Dr. Louis F. Centofanti, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of Dr. Centofanti could have a material adverse effect on our operations, revenues, prospects, and prospects.our ability to raise additional funds. Our future success depends on our ability to retain and expand our staff of qualified personnel, including environmental specialists and technicians, sales personnel, and engineers. There canWithout qualified personnel, we may incur delays in rendering our services or be no assuranceunable to render certain services. We cannot be certain that we will be successful in our efforts to attract and retain suchqualified personnel as their availability is limited due to the rapid increase in the demand for hazardous waste management services and the highly competitive nature of the hazardous waste management industry. We do not maintain key person insurance on any of our employees, officers, or directors.

          Our credit facility provides


Changes in environmental regulations and enforcement policies could subject us to additional liability and adversely affect our ability to continue certain operations.

We cannot predict the extent to which our operations may be affected by future governmental enforcement policies as applied to existing laws, by changes to current environmental laws and regulations, or by the enactment of new environmental laws and regulations. Any predictions regarding possible liability under such laws are complicated further by current environmental laws which provide that we could be liable, jointly and severally, for certain activities of third parties over whom we have limited or no control.

The refusal to accept our waste for disposal by, or a change of control will occur if Dr. Centofanti or Richard T. Kelecy cease to serve as senior executive officers in substantially the same capacity as served on the dateclosure of, the credit facility. end disposal site that our Nuclear Segment utilizes to dispose of its waste could subject us to significant risk and limit our operations.

Our credit facility also provides that a changeNuclear Segment has limited options available for disposal of control results whenits waste. If this disposal site ceases to accept waste or closes for any reason or refuses to accept the persons who are memberswaste of our Board on the closing of the credit facility ceaseNuclear Segment, for any reason, we could have nowhere to constitute 50%dispose of our Board. Eachnuclear waste or have significantly increased costs from disposal alternatives. With nowhere to dispose of these events couldour nuclear waste, we would be an eventsubject to significant risk from the implications of default understoring the terms of the credit facility. The terms of the Purchase Agreement coveringwaste on our Subordinated Notes providesite, and we would have to limit our operations to accept only waste that if Dr. Centofanti ceases to be our President and Chief Executive Officer, the holders of the Subordinated Notes have the option to requirewe can dispose of.

Our businesses subject us to prepay all amounts owing undersubstantial potential environmental liability.

Our business of rendering services in connection with management of waste, including certain types of hazardous waste, low-level radioactive waste, and mixed waste (waste containing both hazardous and low-level radioactive waste), subjects us to risks of liability for damages. Such liability could involve, without limitation:
·claims for clean-up costs, personal injury or damage to the environment in cases in which we are held responsible for the release of hazardous or radioactive materials; and

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·claims of employees, customers, or third parties for personal injury or property damage occurring in the course of our operations; and
·claims alleging negligence or professional errors or omissions in the planning or performance of our services.

Our operations are subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations. We have in the Subordinated Notes.  The Purchase Agreement coveringpast, and could in the Subordinated Notes also provides that iffuture, be subject to substantial fines, penalties, and sanctions for violations of environmental laws and substantial expenditures as a responsible party for the cost of remediating any personproperty which may be contaminated by hazardous substances generated by us and disposed at such property, or group,transported by us to a site selected by us, including Capital Bank, is successful in electing its nomineesproperties we own or lease.

As our operations expand, we may be subject to 50% or more of the positionsincreased litigation, which could have a negative impact on our Board,future financial results.

Our operations are highly regulated and we are subject to numerous laws and regulations regarding procedures for waste treatment, storage, recycling, transportation, and disposal activities, all of which may provide the holdersbasis for litigation against us. In recent years, the waste treatment industry has experienced a significant increase in so-called “toxic-tort” litigation as those injured by contamination seek to recover for personal injuries or property damage. We believe that, as our operations and activities expand, there will be a similar increase in the potential for litigation alleging that we have violated environmental laws or regulations or are responsible for contamination or pollution caused by our normal operations, negligence or other misconduct, or for accidents, which occur in the course of the Subordinated Notes have the optionour business activities. Such litigation, if significant and not adequately insured against, could adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to requirefund our operations. Protracted litigation would likely cause us to prepay allspend significant amounts owing underof our time, effort, and money. This could prevent our management from focusing on our operations and expansion.

Our operations are subject to seasonal factors, which cause our revenues to fluctuate.

We have historically experienced reduced revenues and losses during the Subordinated Notes plusfirst and fourth quarters of our fiscal years due to a prepayment premium.

seasonal slowdown in operations from poor weather conditions, overall reduced activities during these periods resulting from holiday periods, and finalization of government budgets during the fourth quarter of each year. During our second and third fiscal quarters there has historically been an increase in revenues and operating profits. If we do not continue to have increased revenues and profitability during the second and third fiscal quarters, this will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity.


If environmental regulation or enforcement is relaxed, the demand for our services will decrease.


The demand for our services is substantially dependent upon the public's concern with, and the continuation and proliferation of, the laws and regulations governing the treatment, storage, recycling, and disposal of hazardous, non-hazardous, and low-level radioactive waste. A decrease in the level of public concern, the repeal or modification of suchthese laws, or any significant relaxation of regulations relating to the treatment, storage, recycling, and disposal of hazardous waste and low-level radioactive waste would significantly reduce the demand for our services and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. We are not aware of any current federal or state government or agency efforts in which a moratorium or limitation has been, or will be, placed upon the creation of new hazardous or radioactive waste regulations that would have a material adverse effect on us; however, no assurance can be made that such a moratorium or limitation will not be implemented in the future.


We and our customers operate in a politically sensitive environment, and the public perception of nuclear power and radioactive materials can affect our customers and us.

We and our customers operate in a politically sensitive environment. Opposition by third parties to particular projects can limit the handling and disposal of radioactive materials. Adverse public reaction to developments in the disposal of radioactive materials, including any high profile incident involving the discharge of radioactive materials, could directly affect our customers and indirectly affect our business. Adverse public reaction also could lead to increased regulation or outright prohibition, limitations on the activities of our customers, more onerous operating requirements or other conditions that could have a material adverse impact on our customers’ and our business.

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We may not be successful in winning new business mandates from our government and commercial customers.

We must be successful in winning mandates from our government and commercial customers to replace revenues from projects that are nearing completion and to increase our revenues. Our business and operating results can be adversely affected by the size and timing of a single material contract.

The elimination or any modification of the Price-Anderson Acts indemnification authority could have adverse consequences for our business.

The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, or the AEA, comprehensively regulates the manufacture, use, and storage of radioactive materials. The Price-Anderson Act supports the nuclear services industry by offering broad indemnification to DOE contractors for liabilities arising out of nuclear incidents at DOE nuclear facilities. That indemnification protects DOE prime contractor, but also similar companies that work under contract or subcontract for a DOE prime contract or transporting radioactive material to or from a site. The indemnification authority of the DOE under the Price-Anderson Act was extended through 2025 by the Energy Policy Act of 2005.

The Price-Anderson Act’s indemnification provisions generally do not apply to our processing of radioactive waste at governmental facilities, and do not apply to liabilities that we might incur while performing services as a contractor for the DOE and the nuclear energy industry. If an incident or evacuation is not covered under Price-Anderson Act indemnification, we could be held liable for damages, regardless of fault, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. If such indemnification authority is not applicable in the future, our business could be adversely affected if the owners and operators of new facilities fail to retain our services in the absence of commercial adequate insurance and indemnification.

We are engaged in highly competitive businesses and typically must bid against other competitors to obtain major contracts.

We are engaged in highly competitive business in which most of our government contracts and some of our commercial contracts are awarded through competitive bidding processes. We compete with national and regional firms with nuclear services practices, as well as small or local contractors. Some of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than we do, which can give them a competitive advantage. In addition, even if we are qualified to work on a new government contract, we might not be awarded the contract because of existing government policies designed to protect certain types of businesses and underrepresented minority contractors. Competition also places downward pressure on our contract prices and profit margins. Intense competition is expected to continue for nuclear service contracts. If we are unable to meet these competitive challenges, we could lose market share and experience on overall reduction in our profits.

Our failure to maintain our safety record could have an adverse effect on our business.

Our safety record is critical to our reputation. In addition, many of our government and commercial customers require that we maintain certain specified safety record guidelines to be eligible to bid for contracts with these customers. Furthermore, contract terms may provide for automatic termination in the event that our safety record fails to adhere to agreed-upon guidelines during performance of the contract. As a result, our failure to maintain our safety record could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We continue to have material weaknesses in our Internal Control over Financial Reporting (“ICFR”).

During our evaluation of our ICFR, we noted that the monitoring of invoicing process controls and the corresponding transportation and disposal process controls at our Industrial Segment subsidiaries were ineffective and were not being applied consistently.  In addition, we noted that the monitoring of quote to invoicing control was ineffective at certain of our Nuclear Segment subsidiaries.  These deficiencies resulted in material weaknesses to our ICFR, and could result in sales being priced and invoiced at amounts which were not approved by the customer, or the appropriate level of management, and recognition of revenue in incorrect financial reporting period.  These deficiencies have resulted in our disclosure that our ICFR was ineffective as of the end of 2008 and 2007.  Although these material weaknesses did not result in a material adjustment to our quarterly or annual financial statements, if we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses, there is a reasonable possibility that a misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

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We may be unable to utilize loss carryforwards in the future.

We have approximately $26,589,000 in net operating loss carryforwards which will expire from 2009 to 2028 if not used against future federal income tax liabilities.  Our net loss carryforwards are subject to various limitations.  Our ability to use the net loss carryforwards depends on whether we are able to generate sufficient income in the future years.  Further, our net loss carryforwards have not been audited or approved by the Internal Revenue Service.

Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property

If we cannot maintain our governmental permits or cannot obtain required permits, we may not be able to continue or expand our operations.

We are a waste management company. Our business is subject to extensive, evolving, and increasingly stringent federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. Such federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations govern our activities regarding the treatment, storage, recycling, disposal, and transportation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and low-level radioactive waste. We must obtain and maintain permits or licenses to conduct these activities in compliance with such laws and regulations. Failure to obtain and maintain the required permits or licenses would have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. If any of our facilities are unable to maintain currently held permits or licenses or obtain any additional permits or licenses which may be required to conduct its operations, we may not be able to continue those operations at these facilities, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

We believe our proprietary technology is important to us.

We believe that it is important that we maintain our proprietary technologies. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect our proprietary technologies will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of these technologies by third parties. Misappropriation of our proprietary technology could have an adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. Changes to current environmental laws and regulations also could limit the use of our proprietary technology.

Risks Relating to our Financial Position and Need for Financing

Breach of financial covenants in existing credit facility could result in a default, triggering repayment of outstanding debt under the credit facility.

Our credit facility with our bank contains financial covenants. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our credit facility triggering our lender to immediately require the repayment of all outstanding debt under our credit facility and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. In the past, none of our covenants have been restrictive to our operations.  If we fail to meet our loan covenants in the future and our lender does not waive the non-compliance or revise our covenant so that we are in compliance, our lender could accelerate the repayment of borrowings under our credit facility.  In the event that our lender accelerates the payment of our borrowing, we may not have sufficient liquidity to repay our debt under our credit facility and other indebtedness.

Our amount of debt and floating rates of interest could adversely affect our operations.

At December 31, 2008, our aggregate consolidated debt was approximately $16,203,000. If our floating rates of interest experienced an upward increase of 1%, our debt service would increase by approximately $162,000 annually.  Our secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) provides for an aggregate commitment of $25,000,000, consisting of an $18,000,000 revolving line of credit and a term loan of $7,000,000.  The maximum we can borrow under the revolving part of the Credit Facility is based on a percentage of the amount of our eligible receivables outstanding at any one time.  As of December 31, 2008, we had borrowings under the revolving part of our Credit Facility of $6,500,000 and borrowing availability of up to an additional $5,400,000 based on our outstanding eligible receivables.   A lack of operating results could have material adverse consequences on our ability to operate our business.  Our ability to make principal and interest payments, or to refinance indebtedness, will depend on both our and our subsidiaries' future operating performance and cash flow. Prevailing economic conditions, interest rate levels, and financial, competitive, business, and other factors affect us.  Many of these factors are beyond our control.

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Risks Relating to an Investment in our Common Stock

Issuance of substantial amounts of our common stock could depress our stock price.

Any sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public market could cause an adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.  The issuance of our Common Stock will result in the dilution in the percentage membership interest of our stockholders and the dilution in ownership value.  As of March 31, 2009, we had 53,985,119 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

In addition, as of  March 31, 2009, we had outstanding options to purchase 3,558,347 shares of common stock at exercise prices from $1.22 to $2.98 per share.  Further, we have adopted a preferred share rights plan, and if such is triggered, could result in the issuance of a substantial amount of our common stock.  The existence of this quantity of rights to purchase our common stock could result in a significant dilution in the percentage ownership interest of our stockholders and the dilution in ownership value. Future sales of the shares issuable could also depress the market price of our common stock.

We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.


Since our inception, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for the operation and/or expansion of our business.

          The terms of the Series 17 Preferred allow us to pay dividends on the outstanding Series 17 Preferred in cash or common stock. We currently intend to pay the dividends accruing on the Series 17 Preferred in common stock if, and when, declared and paid by our Board of Directors. This prospectus includes up to 250,000 shares of common stock which may be issued as dividends on the Series 17 Preferred. The actual number of shares of common stock issuable in payment of such accrued dividends may be more or less depending upon, among other things, the length of time the Series 17 Preferred is outstanding and the price of the common stock at the time of payment of dividends. Our credit facilityCredit Facility prohibits us from paying cash dividends on our common stock.


The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, which may make it difficult for you to resell our common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.

The price of our common stock on the Series 17 Preferred withoutNasdaq Capital Markets constantly changes. We expect that the lender's prior written consent.

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Wemarket price of our common stock will continue to fluctuate. This may be unablemake it difficult for you to utilize loss carryforwardsresell the common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.


Future issuance or potential issuance of our common stock could adversely affect the price of our common stock, our ability to raise funds in new stock offerings and dilute your percentage interest in our common stock.

Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the future.

           Wepublic market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect prevailing trading prices of our common stock, and impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity.  No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future issuances or sales of shares of common stock or the availability of shares of common stock for future issuance, will have approximately $13.8 million in net operating loss carryforwards which will expire from 2004 to 2020 if not used againston the trading price of our common stock.  Such future federal income tax liabilities. Our net loss carryforwards are subject to various limitations and have not been approved by the Internal Revenue Service. We anticipate the net loss carryforwards will be used toissuances could also significantly reduce the federal income tax payments which we would otherwise be required to make with respect to income, if any, generated in future years.

percentage ownership and dilute the ownership value of our existing common stockholders.


Delaware law, certain of our charter provisions, and our stock option plans and outstanding warrants and our preferred stock may inhibit a change of control under circumstances that could give you an opportunity to realize a premium over prevailing market prices.


We are a Delaware corporation governed, in part, by the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a Delaware public corporation from engaging in a "business combination"“business combination” with an "interested stockholder"“interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business contributioncombination is approved in a prescribed manner. As a result of Section 203, potential acquirers may be discouraged from attempting to effect acquisition transactions with us, thereby possibly depriving our security holders of certain opportunities to sell, or otherwise dispose of, such securities at above-market prices pursuant to such transactions. Further, certain of our 1991 Performance Equity Plan, 1992 Outside Directors Stock Option Plan, and 1993 Nonqualified Stock Option Planoption plans provide for the immediate acceleration of, and removal of restrictions from, options and other awards under such plans upon a "change“change of control"control” (as defined in the respective plans). Such provisions may also have the result of discouraging acquisition of us.

          The issued


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We have authorized and outstanding shares of Series 17 Preferred held by Capital Bank and the warrants held by Capital Bank could discourage other persons from attempting to acquire us. If Capital Bank acquires an aggregate of 1,666,667 additional shares of common stock upon conversion of the outstanding Series 17 Preferred and the 5,308,650 additional shares issuable upon the exercise of the warrants held by Capital Bank, Capital Bank will own approximately 16,948,231 or 41.6% of our outstanding common stock, which includes the 9,972,914 shares of common stock directly held by Capital Bank as of September 21, 2001, but does notunissued 17,456,534 (which include the shares of common stock which may be issuable in payment of dividends on the Series 17 Preferred. This percentage assumes that no shares of common stock are issued after September 21, 2001, other than to Capital Bank in connection with the conversion of the Series 17 Preferred and exercise of the warrants. In such event, Capital Bank will be our largest single stockholder and will have a significant number of shares of common stock within its control, and we may have insufficient remedies to avoid an actual change in control in favor of Capital Bank. The issued and outstanding shares of the Series 17 Preferred and the common stock held by Capital Bank could discourage other persons from attempting to acquire us even if Capital Bank does not obtain control.

We currently do not have a sufficient number of shares of common stock available for issuance if all of our outstanding options and warrants are exercised and our outstanding preferred stock is converted. Consequently, if our stockholders do not approve an increase in the number ofto purchase 3,558,347 shares of our authorized common stock, we could be in default under our various obligations to issue common stock.

          Our Restated CertificateCommon Stock) shares of Incorporation,Common Stock and 2,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock as amended (the "Certificate"), presently authorizes 52 millionof  March 31, 2009 (which includes 600,000 shares of our capital stock, consisting of 50 million shares of common stock and 2 million shares of preferred stock. As of September 21, 2001, 33,763,177 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, leaving 16,236,823 authorized shares (including 988,000 treasury shares) availablePreferred Stock reserved for future issuance. However, if all of our currently exercisable warrants and options are exercised andissuance under our preferred stock is converted, we would be obligated to issue 19,260,418share rights plan).  These unissued shares of common stock, which is 3,023,595 shares more than would be available for issuance. To provide us with additional shares of authorized common stock, our Board will recommend that our stockholders approve an amendment to the Certificate to increase our authorized shares of common stock from 50 million to 75 million. Our Board expects that this proposal will be presented to our stockholders at a special meeting to be held before year's end. See "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - Private Placement: Unit Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants."

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          If the stockholders do not approve the amendment increasing the number of authorized shares of common stock, we may be unable to fulfill all of our potential obligations to issue shares of common stock. If we are unable to fulfill these obligations, it is possible that certain actions could be taken against us for losses and damages, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

If our stockholders approve an increase in the number of shares of our common stock, such increase could be used by management to discourage corporate takeovers and could prevent stockholders from realizing a premium on their investment.

          The Board will recommend that our stockholders approve at a special meeting to be held prior to year's end an increase in its number of authorized shares of common stock from 50 million to 75 million. In addition to the need for additional shares to fulfill our current potential obligations to issue common stock, as discussed above, increasing the number of authorized shares of common stock is also necessary to provide us with the ability to issue common stock from time to time as needed for proper corporate purposes, such as:

*    raising capital funds through private or public offerings;

          *    acquiring other companies;

*    declaring stock splits or stock dividends; and

*    issuing common stock under warrants, preferred stock, or other rights which may be granted by us from 
               time to time in the future.

           Such additional authorization of shares of common stock could be used by incumbent management to make it more difficult, and thereby discourage an attempt to acquire control of us, even thoughus.


Our Preferred Share Rights Plan may adversely affect our stockholders.

In May 2008, we adopted a preferred share rights plan (the “Rights Plan”), designed to ensure that all of our stockholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event of a proposed takeover or abusive tender offer.  However, the Rights Plan may deem such an acquisition desirable.also have the effect of deterring, delaying, or preventing a change in control that might otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.

In general, under the terms of the Rights Plan, subject to certain limited exceptions, if a person or group acquires 20% or more of our common stock or a tender offer or exchange offer for 20% or more of our common stock is announced or commenced, our other stockholders may receive upon exercise of the rights (the “Rights”) issued under the Rights Plan the number of shares our common stock or of one-one hundredths of a share of our Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share, having a value equal to two times the purchase price of the Right.  In addition, if we are acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction in which we are not the survivor or more than 50% of our assets or earning power is sold or transferred, then each holder of a Right (other than the acquirer) will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, common stock of the acquiring company having a value equal to two times the purchase price of the Right.  The issuancepurchase price of neweach Right is $13, subject to adjustment.

The Rights will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by our board of directors. The Rights may be redeemed by us at $0.001 per Right at any time before any person or group acquires 20% or more of our outstanding common stock.  The rights should not interfere with any merger or other business combination approved by our board of directors. The Rights expire on May 2, 2018. 

Resale of shares offered by this prospectus could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to raise additional equity capital.

The sale, or availability for sale, of common stock and/in the public market pursuant to this prospectus may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock and may impair our ability to raise additional capital by selling equity or preferredequity-related securities. This prospectus includes 5,000,000 shares that will be available for resale (assuming the issuance from time to time of all of the common stock could also be used to dilute the stock ownership and voting powerincluded in this offering).  The resale of a third party seeking to remove the directors, replace incumbent directors, accomplish certain business combinations alter, amend, or repeal portionssubstantial number of shares of our Certificate or discourage or prohibit a takeover of us. See "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - Private Placement: Unit Warrantscommon stock in the public market pursuant to this offering, and Placement Agent Warrants."afterwards, could adversely affect the market price for our common stock and make it more difficult for you to sell our shares at times and prices that you feel are appropriate.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


          ThisCertain statements contained within this prospectus contains forward-looking statements.and the documents incorporated into this prospectus by reference may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (collectively, the “Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995”).  All statements in this prospectus and the documents incorporated into this prospectus by reference other than statementsa statement of historical fact in this prospectus are forward-looking statements including statements regarding, amongthat are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other things:

          *  our current objective to develop innovative technologies;
          *  our ability or inability to improve operations and become profitable on an annualized basis and continue our
              operations;
          *  our ability to develop and protect proprietary technologies in the conduct of our operations;
          *  our anticipated financial performance;
          *  our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards against future federal income tax liabilities;
          *  our ability to comply with our general working capital requirements;
          *  our ability to retain or receive certain permits or patents; and
          *  the adoption of moratoriums or limitations by federal or state governments regarding the creation of new 
              hazardous waste regulations.

Although we believe our expectations reflected in those forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, we cannot assure you that these expectations will prove to be correct.

           Important factors, which could cause actual results and performance of the Company to differ materially from such statements.  The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “will,” “may,” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the statements listed under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in our 2008 Form 10-K, all of which are incorporated by reference herein, as well as those forward-looking statements identified in our other SEC filings incorporated by reference in this prospectus.


While we believe the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance such expectations will prove to be correct.  There are a variety of factors which could cause future outcomes to differ materially from those described in this prospectus include,report, including, but are not limited to:

·general economic conditions;
·material reduction in revenues;
·inability to collect in a timely manner a material amount of receivables;
·increased competitive pressures;
·the ability to maintain and obtain required permits and approvals to conduct operations;
·the ability to develop new and existing technologies in the conduct of operations;
·ability to retain or renew certain required permits;
·discovery of additional contamination or expanded contamination at any of the sites or facilities leased or owned by us or our subsidiaries which would result in a material increase in remediation expenditures;
·changes in federal, state and local laws and regulations, especially environmental laws and regulations, or in interpretation of such;
·potential increases in equipment, maintenance, operating or labor costs;
·management retention and development;
·financial valuation of intangible assets is substantially more/less than expected;
·the requirement to use internally generated funds for purposes not presently anticipated;
·the inability to maintain the listing of our Common Stock on the NASDAQ;
·terminations of contracts with federal agencies or subcontracts involving federal agencies, or reduction in amount of waste delivered to us under these contracts or subcontracts;
·disposal expense accrual could prove to be inadequate in the event the waste requires retreatment; and
·other factors described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and in the other documents we have filed with the SEC and that are incorporated herein by reference, including the factors described under “Business,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and that may be discussed from time to time in other reports filed with the SEC subsequent to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

Any forward-looking statement speaks only as to the following:

           *   general economic conditions;
           *   material reduction in revenues;
           *   inability to collect in a timely manner a material amount of receivables;
           *   increased competitive pressures;
           *   inability to maintain and obtain required permits and approvals to conduct operations;
           *   reduction in revenues and profitability of services provided by us due to increased competition;
           *   lack of resources to develop new technologies relating to the waste management business;
           *   future federal tax audit or auditsdate on which could reduce our loss carryforwards;
           *   limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code or our inability to utilize our loss carryforwards;
           *   inability to develop new and existing technologies in the conduct of operations or to develop such 
                technologies for commercial use;
           *  changes in federal, state, and local laws and regulations, especially environmental regulations, or in the 
               interpretation of such laws and regulations;
           *  management retention and development;
           *  inability to become profitable, and, if unable to become profitable, our inability to secure additional 
               liquidity in the form of additional equity or debt;
           *  inability to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq;
           *  cancellation of one or more subcontracts issued to M&EC in connection with government contracts;
           *  M&EC's lack of operating history; and
           *  the factors set forth under "Risk Factors" beginning on page 2 of this prospectus.

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "would," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "continue," or the derivative of these terms or other similar expressions. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified by the cautionary statements included in this prospectus.that statement is made.  We undertake no obligation to update or revise ourpublicly any forward-looking statements,statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this prospectus might not occur.

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Acquisition of East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation

          On June 25, 2001, we completed the acquisition of M&EC, pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated January 18, 2001, (the "Stock Purchase Agreement") with M&EC, all of the shareholders of M&EC, and Bill Hillis. Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, M&EC acquired 20% of the outstanding shares of voting stock of M&EC, and we acquired all of the remaining outstanding shares of M&EC voting stock (collectively, the "M&EC Acquisition"). As a result, we now own all of the issued and outstanding voting capital stock of M&EC.

           We paid approximately $2.4 million for the M&EC voting stock by issuing approximately 1.6 million shares of our common stock to the shareholders of M&EC, with each share of common stock having an agreed value of $1.50, the closing price of the common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq on the date of the initial letter of intent relating to the M&EC Acquisition. As partial consideration of the M&EC Acquisition, M&EC issued shares of its newly created Series B Preferred Stock to shareholders of M&EC having a stated value of approximately $1.3 million.The Series B Preferred Stock is non-voting and non-convertible and may be redeemed at the option of M&EC at any time after one year from the date of issuance for the price of $1.00 per share. Following the first 12 months after the original issuance of the Series B Preferred Stock, the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive, when, as, and if declared by the Board of Directors of M&EC out of legally available funds, dividends at the rate of 5% per year per share applied to the amount of $1.00 per share, which shall be fully cumulative. As a condition to the closing of the M&EC Acquisition, we also issued approximately 347,000 shares of our common stock to certain creditors of M&EC in satisfaction of approximately $520,000 of M&EC's liabilities.

           Prior to the completion of the M&EC Acquisition, we operated under a subcontract agreement for the design and construction of M&EC's facility. As of the date of the M&EC Acquisition, we had loaned to M&EC approximately $2.3 million for working capital purposes and had advanced approximately $9.8 million related to the construction of the new facility. At the closing of the M&EC Acquisition, we advanced funds to M&EC to pay certain liabilities to the Internal Revenue Service, certain 401(k) plans, and several M&EC debt holders,


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USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise indicated in the aggregate amount of approximately $2.0 million. The net cash used forprospectus supplement, we intend to use the M&EC Acquisition and the cash advanced for construction and working capital to, and on behalf of, M&EC totaled approximately $14.1 million.

          M&EC recently completed the construction of its mixed waste treatment facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The 125,000 square-foot facility, located on the grounds of the Oak Ridge K-25 Weapons Facility of the DOE, will treat waste coming from governmental, institutional, and commercial generators nationwide. M&EC operates under both a hazardous waste treatment and storage permit and a license to store and treat low-level radioactive waste. M&EC also has three subcontracts (the "Oak Ridge Contracts") with Bechtel-Jacobs Company, LLC, DOE's site manager, which were awarded in 1998. The facility began accepting waste in June 2001, and became fully operational in the third quarter of 2001.

          The Oak Ridge Contracts are similar in nature to a blanket purchase order whereby the DOE specifies the approved waste treatment process and team to be used for certain disposal, but the DOE does not specify a schedule as to dates for disposal or quantities of disposal material to be processed. The initial term of the contract will represent a demonstration period for the team's successful treatment of the waste and the resulting ability of such processed waste to meet acceptance criteria for its ultimate disposal location.

         As with most such blanket processing agreements, the Oak Ridge Contracts contain no minimum or maximum processing guarantees, and may be terminated by either party pursuant to standard DOE procurement regulation terms which provide, among other things, that they are terminable upon 30 days' notice. Each specific waste stream processed under the Oak Ridge Contracts will require a separate work order from DOE and will be priced separately with an intent of recognizing an acceptable profit margin.

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Note Warrants

          On July 31, 2001, we issued approximately $5.6 million of our 13.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due July 31, 2006 (the "Subordinated Notes"). The Subordinated Notes were issued pursuant to the terms of a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2001 (the "Purchase Agreement"), between Associated Mezzanine Investors - PESI (I), L.P. ("AMI"), Bridge East Capital, L.P. ("BEC"), and us. The Subordinated Notes are unsecured and are unconditionally guaranteed by our subsidiaries. Our payment obligations under the Notes are subordinate to our payment obligations to our primary lender and to certain other of our debts up to an aggregate amount of $25 million. The net proceeds from the sale of the Subordinated Notes were used to repay certain short-term loans.

securities offered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements, which may include the repayment of indebtedness.  Under the terms of our existing Credit Facility, we may also use a portion of the Purchase Agreement,net proceeds to fund possible investments in and acquisitions of complimentary businesses, partnerships, minority investments, products or technologies with the consent of our Credit Facility lender.  Currently, there are no commitments or agreements regarding such acquisitions or investments that are material.  Pending their ultimate use, we issuedintend to AMIinvest the net proceeds in money market funds, commercial paper and BEC warrantsgovernmental and non-governmental debt securities with maturities of up to three years.  The terms of our existing Credit Facility require us to maintain such investments with our Credit Facility lender or its affiliates, which investments serve as additional collateral under the Credit Facility.


PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities:
·through one or more underwriters or dealers,
·directly to purchasers,
·through agents, or
·through a combination of any of these methods of sale.

We may distribute the securities:

·from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed from time to time,
·at market prices prevailing at the times of sale,
·at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or
·at negotiated prices.
We will describe the method of distribution of the securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may determine the price or other terms of the securities offered under this prospectus by use of an electronic auction.  We will describe how any auction will determine the price or any other terms, how potential investors may participate in the auction and the nature of the obligations of the underwriter, dealer or agent in the applicable prospectus supplement.
If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the common stock for their own account and may resell the stock from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price.  The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the common stock will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement.  We may offer the common stock to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate.  Underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us or our purchasers (as their agents in connection with the sale of securities).  These underwriters, dealers or agents may be considered to be underwriters under the Securities Act.  As a result, discounts, commissions, or profits on resale received by the underwriters, dealers or agents may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions.  Each prospectus supplement will identify any such underwriter, dealer or agent, and describe any compensation received by them from us.  Any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments made by the underwriters, dealers or agents, under agreements between us and the underwriters, dealers and agents.
We may grant underwriters who participate in the distribution of securities an option to purchase additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, in connection with the distribution.

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Underwriters or agents and their associates may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
In connection with the offering of our common stock, certain persons participating in such offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price, including over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act.  Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position.  Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.  Short covering transactions involve purchases of the common stock in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions.  Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the common stock originally sold by the dealer is purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions.  Those activities may cause the price of the common stock to be higher than it would otherwise be.  If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.
Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on the NASDAQ Capital Markets may engage in passive market making transactions in the common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Global Markets in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the common stock.  Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers.  In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.
To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended and supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 1,281,73175,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value.  As of April 3, 2009, there were 54,019,324 shares of our common stock atissued and outstanding.
The holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted on by stockholders.  Common stock holders are entitled to receive dividends declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends, subject to the rights, if any, of preferred stock holders.  However, we have never paid a dividend and we do not anticipate paying a dividend in the foreseeable future.  Our current secured credit facility prohibits us from paying cash dividends on our common stock.  Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our business, the holders of common stock are entitled to share equally in all assets available for distribution after payment of all liabilities and provision for liquidation preference of shares of preferred stock then outstanding.  The holders of common stock have no preemptive rights and no rights to convert their common stock into any other securities.  There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common stock.  All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable.
Each share of our common stock includes an initial exercise priceattached Right arising under and subject to the terms described in, the Rights Agreement, dated May 2, 2008 between us and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as rights agent.  The terms of $1.50such Rights are summarized in “Rights Attaching to Our Common Stock” below.

The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock is Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company 17 Battery Place, Floor 8, New York, New York 10004-1123.

RIGHTS ATTACHING TO OUR COMMON STOCK

On May 2, 2008, our Board of Directors declared a dividend distribution of one Right for each outstanding share of our common stock to our stockholders of record on May 12, 2008 (the “Record Date”). The Rights Agreement (as defined below) also contemplates the issuance of one Right for each share of common stock which is issued by the Company between the Record Date and the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or termination of the Rights).   The Rights are subject to the terms and conditions of the Rights Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 4.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 8, 2008.  A copy of the Rights Agreement is also available upon written request to us.  Because the following is a summary, the description below of the Rights and the Rights Agreement necessarily omits certain terms, exceptions, or qualifications to the statements made therein.  You are advised to review the entire Rights Agreement prior to making any investment decision.

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Each Right entitles the registered holder to purchase from us one one-hundredth of a share of our Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share (the "Note Warrants"“Preferred Shares”). The Note Warrants may be exercised at any time during a seven-year term and provide for cashless exercise. The numberpurchase price of shares issuable upon exercise$13.00 per one-one hundredth of the Warrants isa Preferred Share (the “Purchase Price”), subject to adjustment pursuantadjustment.

Until the earlier to certain anti-dilution provisions.

           The Note Warrants are exercisable at any time, from time to time, beginning July 31, 2001, until July 31, 2008 at an exercise priceoccur of $1.50 per share(a) 10 days following a public announcement that a person or group of affiliated or associated persons (an “Acquiring Person”) have acquired beneficial ownership of 20% or more of our outstanding common stock. The Note Warrants may also be exercised at the option of the holderstock (except pursuant to a cashlessPermitted Offer, as defined below, or persons excluded from being an Acquiring Person under the Rights Agreement) or (b) 10 business days (or such later date as may be determined by action of the Board of Directors prior to such time as any person becomes an Acquiring Person) following the commencement of, or announcement of an intention (which intention to commence remains in effect for 5 business days after such announcement) to make a tender offer or exchange offer, the consummation of which would result in a person or group becoming an Acquiring Person of 20% or more of our common stock (the earlier of such dates being called the “Distribution Date”), the Rights will be evidenced with respect to any of the common stock certificates outstanding and no separate Rights Certificates will be distributed.


 Excluded from being an Acquiring Person under the Rights Agreement are the following (collectively, the “Excluded Persons”):

·the Company;
·any of our subsidiaries;
·any employee benefit plan of us or our subsidiaries;
·any entity holding common stock for or pursuant to the employee benefit plan o us or our subsidiaries;
·any Person who becomes the beneficial owner of 20% or more of the common stock solely as a result of the acquisition of common stock by us, unless such Person shall, after such share purchases by us, become the beneficial owner of additional shares of common stock constituting 1% or more of the then outstanding shares of common stock; and
·any person whom our Board of Directors determines in good-faith has acquired 20% or more of the common stock inadvertently and such person divests, within 10 business days after such determination, a sufficient number of shares of common stock to no longer beneficially own 20% of the common stock.

The Rights Agreement provides that, until the Distribution Date (or earlier redemption or expiration of the Rights):

·the Rights will be transferred with and only with our common stock;
·new common stock certificates issued after the Record Date, upon transfer or new issuance of common stock by us will contain a notation incorporating the Rights Agreement by reference; and
·the surrender for transfer of any certificates for common stock, even without such notation (or a copy of a summary of rights) being attached thereto, will also constitute the transfer of Rights associated with the common stock represented by such certificate.

As soon as practicable following the Distribution Date, separate certificates evidencing the Rights (“Right Certificates”) will be mailed to the holders of record of the common stock as of the close of business on the Distribution Date and such separate Right Certificates alone will evidence the Rights.

The Rights are not exercisable until the Distribution Date. The Rights will expire on May 2, 2018 (the “Final Expiration Date”), unless the Final Expiration Date is extended or unless the Rights are earlier redeemed by us, in each case, as described below.

In the event that any person becomes an Acquiring Person (except pursuant to a tender or exchange offer which is for all outstanding shares of common stock at a price and on terms which a majority of certain members of the Board of Directors determines to be adequate and in our best interests, our stockholders and other relevant constituencies, other than the Acquiring Person, its affiliates and associates (a “Permitted Offer”)), each holder of a Right (except Rights which have been voided as set forth below) will thereafter have the right (the “Flip-In Rights”) to receive upon exercise provision, which permits the holder to surrender the Note Warrants in exchange for the number of shares of common stock or of one-one hundredths of a share of Preferred Shares (or, in certain circumstances, other of our securities) having a value (on the date such person became an Acquiring Person) equal to two times the productPurchase Price of the number of shares of common stock designated to be exercised multiplied by a fraction,Right.

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In the numerator of which is the current market price of the common stock less $1.50, the denominator of which is the current market price. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Note Warrants and the exercise price of the Note Warrants are subject to adjustment under certain circumstances summarized below.

           If,event that at any time after July 31, 2001,(a) we issue or sell additional shares of common stock (including certain option and convertible securities under which common stock may be issued) without consideration or forare acquired in a consideration per share less than the market price of the common stock on the date of, and immediately prior to, such issue or sale, the exercise price of the Note Warrants will be reduced to a price determined by multiplying the exercise price by a fraction:

           *    the numerator of which will be:

                 (a)     the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately prior to such issue or sale, plus

(b)     the number of shares of common stock which the aggregate consideration received by us for the 
                           total number of such additional shares of common stock issued or sold would purchase at the 
                           then market price; and

*    the denominator of which will be the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after 
                such issue or sale.

          Upon an adjustment in the exercise price of the Note Warrants, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Note Warrants will be adjusted by multiplying the number of shares of common stock which would otherwise be issuable upon such exercise by a fraction:

           *    the numerator of which is $1.50; and

           *    the denominator of which is the exercise price, as may be adjusted under the terms of the Note Warrants.

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          If after July 31, 2001, we declare a dividendmerger or other distribution on our common stockbusiness combination transaction in which we are not the survivor, (b) a merger or other than a dividend payable in common stock or options for common stock or a regular periodic dividend payable in cash and declared out of earned surplus of the Company, the exercise price in effect prior to the record date for such dividend will be reduced to a price determined by multiplying the exercise price by a fraction (a) the numerator of which will be the current market price on such record date less the value of the dividend or distribution applicable to one share of common stock; and (b) the denominator of which shall be the current market price.

          The Note Warrants' anti-dilution terms further provide that, if after July 31, 2001, we:

          *    consolidatebusiness combination with or merge into another person without being the continuing or surviving corporation; or

          *    consolidate or merge with another personus in which we are the continuing or surviving corporation but 
                our common stock or other securities are exchanged for other securities of another person; or

          *    we transfersurvivor and, in connection with such transaction, all or substantially all of our properties; or

          *    we effect a capital reorganization or reclassification of our common stock or other securities which are 
                not subject to the anti-dilution provisions discussed above,

then the holders of the Note Warrants will be entitled to receive the amount of cash, securities or other property, which the holder would have been entitled to receive if holder had exercised the Note Warrants immediately prior to the transaction. An exception to the above sentence is if a purchase, tender, or exchange offer has been accepted by our stockholders and

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following such purchase, tender, or exchange offer, the maker thereof, together with its affiliates own more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, then holders of the Note Warrants have the option to receive the amount of cash, securities, or other property to which the holder would have been entitled, if the holder of the Note Warrants had exercised the Note Warrants prior to the expiration of such purchase, tender or exchange offer and accepted such offer, and all of the common stock held by such holder had purchased pursuant to such purchase, tender or exchange offer.

          The Subordinated Notes and Note Warrants were sold pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Act, and, therefore, were not registered under the Act. The holders of the Note Warrants have the right to demand registrationpart of the shares of common stock issuable undershall be changed for stock or other securities of any other person (or us) or (c) more than 50% of our assets or earning power is sold or transferred, then each holder of a Right (except Rights which have been voided as set forth below) shall thereafter have the Note Warrants on two occasions and also have certain piggyback registration rights.

           In connection with the saleright (the “Flip-Over Right”) to receive, upon exercise, common stock of the Subordinated Notes, we entered into an Option Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, with AMI and BEC (the "Option Agreement"). Pursuantacquiring company having a value equal to two times the Option Agreement, we granted each purchaserPurchase Price of the Subordinated Notes an irrevocable option requiring usRight. The Flip-Over Right is not applicable to purchase any or alltransactions described in (a) and (b) of the Note Warrants or the shares ofthis paragraph if (i) such transaction is consummated with a person who acquired common stock issuable underpursuant to a Permitted Offer; (ii) the Note Warrants then held by the purchaser (the "Put Option"). The Put Option may be exercised at any time commencing July 31, 2004, and ending July 31, 2008. In addition, each purchaser granted us an irrevocable option to purchase all of the Note Warrants or the shares issued under the Note Warrants which are then held by the purchaser (the "Call Option"). The Call Option may be exercised at any time commencing July 31, 2005, and ending July 31, 2008. The purchase price under the Put Option and the Call Option is based on the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the sum of six times our consolidated EBITDA for the period of the 12 most recent consecutive months minus Net Debt plus the Warrant Proceeds by (b) our Diluted Shares (as the terms EBITDA, Net Debt, Warrant Proceeds, and Diluted Shares are defined in the Option Agreement).

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Private Placement: Unit Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants

           On July 30, 2001, we completed a private placement offering of units (the "Private Placement") to accredited investors. Each unit is comprised of one share of our common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock (a "Unit Warrant"). The purchase price for each unit was $1.75, and the exercise price of each Unit Warrant is $1.75, subject to adjustment under certain conditions. We accepted subscriptions for 4,397,566 of the maximum 4,400,000 units offered, for an aggregate purchase price of $7,695,740.

           Under the terms of the Private Placement, we had the right to appoint one or more placement agents (each, a "Placement Agent") to place the units as our agent and to assist in completing the Private Placement. We paid each Placement Agent a private placement fee equal to 7.5% of the aggregate purchase price for units placed by that particular Placement Agent. We also issued to each Placement Agent warrants to purchase up to the number of shares of common stock equal to 7% of the aggregate purchase price for units placed by that particular Placement Agent, divided by $1.75 (the "Placement Agent Warrants"). The Placement Agent Warrants are for a term of five years and have an exercise price of $1.75 per share. As a result, we paid the Placement Agents $232,031 in total fees and issued to them Placement Agent Warrants for the purchase of up to an aggregate of 123,750 shares of common stock.

          The Private Placement was sold only to accredited investors as that term is defined under Regulation D of the Act. One of the investors in the Private Placement was Capital Bank, which subscribed for 842,995 units under the Private Placement. Capital Bank may be considered a beneficial owner of more than 10% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Capital Bank directly owns, as agent for its investors, 9,972,914 shares of common stock, or 29.5% of our outstanding common stock as of September 21, 2001, and holds warrants and convertible preferred stock entitling it to purchase or receive up to an additional 6,975,317 shares of common stock. See "POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL" for a discussion of Capital Bank's ownership of our securities as agent for its various investors.

           Under the original terms of the Private Placement, we offered to sell a maximum of 5,000,000 units. After the Private Placement commenced, however, the maximum number of units offered was reduced to 4,400,000 in order to comply with Rule 4350(i)(1)(D) of the rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq and the Boston Stock Exchange ("BSE"). Although the BSE approved the listing of the shares of common stock to be issued in connection with the Private Placement and upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants, the Nasdaq advised the Company that the Private Placement could violate Rule 4350(i)(1)(D) governing the listing of additional securities on the Nasdaq as originally structured.

           Rule 4350(i)(1)(D) provides that a corporation may not, through a private offering such as the Private Placement, issue a number of shares of common stock equal to or greater than 20% of the corporation's outstanding common stock at a price less than the greater of book or market value of the common stock without first obtaining shareholder approval. At the time of the discussion with Nasdaq, we had approximately 22.5 million shares of common stock outstanding, and the Private Placement of up to 5 million units would result in up to 10 million shares being issued if the Unit Warrants were exercised, representing more than 30% of our then issued and outstanding common stock. For purposes of determining whether the Private Placement complies with Rule 4350 (i)(1)(D), the Nasdaq asserted that we must determine market value as of the date that each subscription agreement for units is executed by the investor and becomes binding and not April 6, 2001, the date the Private Placement commenced. Because the price of the common stock as reported on the Nasdaq rose from $1.6875 per share on the date the Private Placement commenced to $2.27 on the date the Private Placement terminated, numerous subscription agreements were executed at a time when the market value per share of common stock was greater than the $1.75 purchase price per unit. The Nasdaq claimed that the subscription agreements executed on a date when the market price was greater than the $1.75 unit purchase price represented sales atoffered in such transaction is not less than the greater of book or market value of the common stock, thereby violating Rule 4350(i)(1)(D).

           In order to comply with Rule 4350(i)(1)(D), we agreed with Nasdaq to restructure the Private Placement so that (a) the maximum number of units offered was reduced from 5 million to 4.4 million, and (b) the Unit Warrants and the Placement

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Agent Warrants could not be exercisable until our stockholders approved the issuance of the shares of common stock upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants. Prior to the closing of the Private Placement, the Placement Agents and the initial investors who subscribed for units agreed to amend the terms of the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants pursuant to our agreement with the Nasdaq. As a result of these modifications, only 4,397,566 shares of common stock, representing approximately 19.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the commencement of the Private Placement, have been issued under the Private Placement without stockholder approval.

           We anticipate mailing to our stockholders during the fourth quarter of 2001 our proxy statement soliciting proxies for the special meeting of stockholders to be held prior to year end (the "Special Meeting"). At the Special Meeting, the stockholders entitled to vote will be asked to approve the issuance of the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants and increase the authorized number of shares of our common stock from 50 million to 75 million. Capital Bank has advised us that it will recommend to its investors that they allow Capital Bank to vote the shares of common stock held of record by Capital Bank for the approval of these proposals. The Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants do not provide a penalty if we are unable to obtain such stockholder approval. If we do not obtain such stockholder approval, we will not be obligated to issue shares pursuant to the exercise of the Unit Warrants or the Placement Agent Warrants. If the proposal is approved by the stockholders and if all Unit Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants are exercised, we would receive approximately $7,912,000 in proceeds from such exercises. If the proposal is not approved, we will withdraw the shares of common stock issuable under the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants from the registration statement containing this prospectus.

           Each Unit Warrant and Placement Agent Warrant entitles the holder to purchase oneprice per share of common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share, subjectpaid to the adjustments in certain cases described below. Each Unit Warrant and Placement Agent Warrant may be exercised at any time after stockholder approval of the issuanceall holders of common stock upon such exercise and priorpurchased pursuant to the expirationPermitted Offer, and (iii) the form of consideration offered in such transaction is the fifth anniversarysame as the form of consideration paid pursuant to the date of issuance of the Unit Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants.

Permitted Offer.


 The exercise pricePurchase Price payable, and the number of shares ofPreferred Shares, common stock or other securities or property issuable, upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and Placement Agent WarrantsRights are subject to adjustment from time to time if we:

          *     (a) payto prevent dilution:

·in the event of a stock dividend on, or a subdivision, combination or reclassification of, the Preferred Shares;
·upon the grant to holders of the Preferred Shares of certain rights or warrants to subscribed for or purchase Preferred Shares at a price, or securities convertible into Preferred Shares with a conversion price, less than the then current market price of the Preferred Shares; or
·upon the distribution to holders of the Preferred Shares of evidences of indebtedness or assets (excluding regular periodic cash dividends paid out of earnings or retained earnings or dividends payable in Preferred Shares) or of subscription rights or warrants (other than those referred to above).

The number of outstanding Rights and the number of one one-hundredths of a dividendPreferred Share issuable upon exercise of each Right are also subject to adjustment in or makethe event of a distributionstock split of shares of capital stock on our outstanding common 
                 stock; (b) subdivide our outstanding shares ofthe common stock intoor a greater number of shares; or 
                 (c) combine our outstanding shares ofstock dividend on the common stock into a smaller numberpayable in common stock or subdivisions, consolidations or combinations of shares; and

         *     consolidate with, or merge into, another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger which does not 
                 resultthe common stock occurring, in any reclassificationsuch case, prior to the Distribution Date.


 Any Rights that are beneficially owned by (a) any Acquiring Person (or any affiliate or changeassociate of such Acquiring Person), (b) a transferee of an Acquiring Person (or any affiliate or associate thereof) who becomes a transferee after the Acquiring Person becomes such, or (c) under certain conditions, a transferee of any Acquiring Person (or any affiliate or associate thereof) who becomes a transferee prior to or concurrently with the Acquiring Person becoming such, shall be null and void and no holder of such Rights shall thereafter have rights to exercise such Rights.

At any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person and prior to the acquisition by such Person (or affiliate or associate of an Acquiring Person) of 50% or more of the outstanding common stock).

         Pursuant tostock, our Board of Directors may exchange the terms of the Private Placement, we are required to file a registration statement under the Act for the resale of the common stock issued in the Private Placement Offering and the common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants.

Series 17 Preferred

           We entered into a Conversion and Exchange Agreement with Capital Bank, dated May 25, 2001, but effective as of April 6, 2001, whereby Capital Bank converted a portion of our then-outstanding preferred stockRights (other than Rights owned of record by Capital Bank, as agent for certain of its accredited investors, for shares of our common stock and exchanged the remaining preferred stock held by Capital Bank for shares of our newly designated Series 17 Preferred. The issuance of the Series 17 Preferred under the terms of the Conversion and Exchange Agreement was made in a private placement under Section 4(2) and/or Regulation D of the Act.

           Prior to the consummation of the Conversion and Exchange Agreement, Capital Bank owned of record, as its agent for certain of its accredited investors, 1,769 shares of our Series 14 Class N Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series 14

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Preferred")such Acquiring Person which have become void), 616 shares of our Series 15 Class O Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series 15 Preferred"), and 1,797 shares of our Series 16 Class P Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series 16 Preferred"). Capital Bank converted 1,314 shares of Series 14 Preferred and 416 shares of Series 15 Preferred into an aggregate of 1,153,333 shares of our common stock. Capital Bank then exchanged the remaining shares of Series 14 Preferred, Series 15 Preferred, and Series 16 Preferred for a total of 2,500 shares of the Series 17 Preferred. As a result of the consummation of the Conversion and Exchange Agreement, no shares of Series 14 Preferred, Series 15 Preferred, or Series 16 Preferred remain outstanding.

           The terms of the Series 17 Preferred include the following:

           *    The Series 17 Preferred may be converted into shares of common stock at any time at a conversion price 
                  of $1.50 per share, subject to adjustment as set forth in the Certificate of Designations relating to the 
                  Series 17 Preferred.

           *     The Series 17 Preferred has a "stated value" of $1,000 per share. We may, at our sole option, redeem, 
in whole or in part, at any time, and from time to time, the then-outstanding Series 17 Preferred at the 
                   following cash redemption prices if redeemed during the following periods: (a)within 12 months from 
                   June 1, 2001 - $1,100 per share, and (b) after June 1, 2002 - $1,200 per share. Upon any noticean exchange ratio of
                   redemption, Capital Bank will have five business days to exercise its conversion rights regarding the 
                   redeemed shares.

           *     Capital Bank is entitled to receive if, when, and as declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally
                  available, cumulative dividends at an annual dividend rate of 5% of the Liquidation Value for each share 
                  of the Series 17 Preferred then issued and outstanding as of the acceptable declaration of such dividend, 
                   payable semiannually within ten business days after each subsequent June 30th and December 31st
                   Dividends shall be payable in cash or shares of our common stock, at the Company's option. The 
                   Liquidation Value is $1,000 per share, subject to adjustment.

           If we merge or consolidate with another entity and we are not the survivor, or if we sell or convey all or substantially all of our property, then the holder of each share of Series 17 Preferred will have the right to convert its shares into the kind and amount of shares or other property receivable upon such consolidation or merger as if the Series 17 Preferred had been converted immediately prior to the consolidation, merger, sale or transfer.

           If we declare or pay any dividend or effect a subdivision of our common stock into a greater number of shares, or if the outstanding shares of common stock are combined or consolidated into a lesser number of shares, then the conversion price in effect immediately prior to the happening of such event will be proportionately increased or decreased.

          If we effect a capital reorganization or reclassification of our common stock or other securities which are not subject to the anti-dilution provisions discussed above, then the conversion price will be proportionately adjusted so that the Series 17 Preferred will be convertible into a number of shares of common stock of such other class or classes of stock equivalent to the number of shares of common stock that would have been subject to receipt by the holder upon conversion of preferred stock immediately before that change.

         If we sell any shares of common stock for a price less than the conversion price immediately in effect prior to such sale or any rights, warrants, or other securities entitling the holders thereof to convert such securities into common stock at a price per share less than the conversion price in effect on the date of such sale, then the conversion price will be adjusted as of the date of such sale to the amount per share received and to be received by us in connection with the sale, conversion and exercise. The holders of the Series 17 Preferred may waive their rights to any such adjustment. In addition, no adjustment is required in the case of stock options issued to employees.

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Exchange Agreement and Exchange Warrants

         On July 9, 2001, we entered into an agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") with Capital Bank to issue to Capital Bank, as agent for certain of its accredited investors, 1,893,505 shares of common stock and a warrant to purchase up to 1,839,405 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share (the "Exchange Warrant") in satisfaction of all amounts due or to become due under the Loan Agreement, dated August 29, 2000, between us and Capital Bank (the "$3 Million Loan") and a related Unsecured Promissory Note issued by us in favor of Capital Bank in the original principal amount of $3,000,000 (the "$3 Million Note"), including our obligations to issue to Capital Bank shares of common stock if the $3 Million Note was not paid by certain due dates. The $3 Million Note was due on July 1, 2001.

         Upon the closing of the Exchange Agreement effective July 9, 2001, we paid to Capital Bank a closing fee of $325,000, payable in $75,000 cash and by issuing to Capital Bank 105,932 shares of common stock, such number of shares being equal to the quotient of $250,000 divided by the last closing bid price of the common stock as quoted on the Nasdaq on June 26, 2001. In addition, for consulting services in connection with the Exchange Agreement, we issued to Herbert Strauss a five-year warrant for the purchase of up to 625,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.75 per share (the "Capital Exchange Warrant"). The terms of the Exchange Warrant and the Capital Exchange Warrant are substantively similar.

         The Exchange Warrant is exercisable at any time, from time to time, on or after July 9, 2001, and prior to July 9, 2006. If we propose to sell substantially all of our assets or merge or consolidate, or effect a merger or consolidation in which we are not the survivor, and the consideration to be received by us or our shareholders consists solely of cash, then the Exchange Warrant will terminate unless exercised by the effective date of the sale or merger transaction. If the consideration to be received by us or our shareholders consists, in whole or in part, of consideration other than cash, the holder of the Exchange Warrant will have the right thereafter to purchase the kind and amount of the shares and other securities and property which would have been owned or entitled to be received after such sale or merger transaction had the Exchange Warrant been exercised immediately prior to such transaction.

          The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Exchange Warrant are subject to adjustment, from time to time, if we:

           *     declare and pay a dividend in shares of common stock or make a distribution, without receipt of 
                  consideration, in shares of common stock to holders of our outstanding common stock,

*     subdivide our outstanding shares of common stock,

           *     combine our outstanding shares of common stock into a smaller number of shares of common stock, or

           *     issue any shares of our capital stock in reclassification of our common stock for the number of shares of 
                  common stock issuable upon exercise of the Exchange Warrant.

Upon any such transaction, the Exchange Warrant will be adjusted so that the holder of the Exchange Warrant will be entitled to receive the kind and number of shares of common stock or of our other securities which the holder would have owned or been entitled to receive had the Exchange Warrant been exercised in advance of such transaction.

          The holder of the Exchange Warrant will be entitled to purchase the number of shares of common stock or other securities, resulting from such adjustment at an exercise price perone share of common stock, or other security determined by:

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           *    multiplying the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment by the numberone-one hundredth of sharesa Preferred Share (or of
                 common stock purchasable pursuant to the Exchange Warrant immediately prior to such adjustment, 
                 divided by,

           *    the numbera share of shares of common stocka class or other securities resulting from such adjustment.

          The issuanceseries of the commonour preferred stock having equivalent rights, preferences and privileges), per Right (subject to adjustment). Upon our  Board of Directors ordering the Exchange Warrant andexchange, the Capital Exchange Warrant under the terms of the Exchange Agreement was made pursuant to Section 4(2) and/or Rule 506 under Regulation D promulgated under the Act. Capital Bank has advised us that it is precluded by Austrian law from disclosing the identities of its investors, but that all of its investors are accredited investors under Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Act. In addition, Capital Bank has advised the Company that none of its investors beneficially own more than 4.9% of common stock. See "POTENTIAL CHANGE OF CONTROL" for a discussion of Capital Bank's holdings of our securities.

BHC Warrants

            On January 31, 2001, we entered into a definitive loan agreement with BHC Interim Funding, L.P. ("BHC"), pursuant to which BHC loaned us $6 million (the "BHC Loan"). The BHC Loan was payable on March 31, 2002, with interest payable monthly on the outstanding principal balance of the BHC Loan at the annual rate of $13.75%. We repaid the BHC Loan in full on July 31, 2001. Pursuant to the terms of the BHC Loan, we issued to BHC certain warrants (the "BHC Warrants") for the purchase of up to 817,142 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $1.4578 per share.

            The BHC Warrants allow the holderright to exercise the BHC Warrant without payingRight shall terminate and the exercise price in cash. Upon a cashless exercise, the holder willonly right thereafter shall be to receive the numbershares in accordance with the exchange.


 With certain exceptions, no adjustment in the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments require an adjustment of sharesat least 1% in such Purchase Price. No fractional Preferred Shares will be issued (other than fractions which are integral multiples of common stock equal to:

             *one one-hundredth of a Preferred Share, which may, at the numberelection of shares as to which the BHC Warrants are being exercised, minus

             *Company, be evidenced by depositary receipts) and in lieu thereof, an adjustment in cash will be made based on the numbermarket price of shares having an aggregate fair market value equalthe Preferred Shares on the last trading day prior to the productdate of (a)exercise.


15


At any time prior to the exercise price
                   multiplied by (b) the number of shares as to which the BHC Warrants are being exercised.

            The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exerciseearlier of the BHC Warrants are subject to adjustment, from time to time, uponDistribution Date or Final Expiration Date, our Board of Directors may redeem the occurrence of any of the following events. If we issue shares of common stock forRights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.001 per share less than the exercise priceRight (the “Redemption Price”), adjusted to reflect any stock split, stock dividend or similar transaction, and payable, at our option, either in effect before such issuance, the exercise price will be reduced to a price determined by multiplying the exercise price by a fraction having:

            *    the numerator equal to the total number of common stock shares outstanding plus the number of shares 
                  of common stock which the aggregate consideration received by us would purchase at such exercise 
                  price; and

            *    the denominator equal to the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately after such
                  issuance.

These adjustments will not be made as a result of the grant or exercise of rights or options under our existing stock purchase and stock option plans or under our warrants which were outstanding on January 1, 2001.

            If we issue options or rights to subscribe forcash, shares of common stock, or any securities convertible intoother form of consideration deemed appropriate by our  Board. The redemption of the rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board of Directors in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon any redemption of the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of the holder of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price.


The terms of the Rights Agreement and the Rights may be amended by us without the consent of the holders of the Rights, in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or exchangeable forsupplement any provision contained therein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions contained therein, or to make any other changes or amendments to the provisions contained therein which the Company may deem necessary or desirable, except that from and after such time as any person becomes an Acquiring Person no such amendment may adversely affect the interests of the holders of the Rights (other than the Acquiring Person or any affiliate or associate of the Acquiring Person). No amendment to the Rights Agreement or the Rights shall be made which changes the redemption price or the number of Preferred Shares or shares of common stock for which a price less thanRight is exercisable or exchangeable.

 Until a Right is exercised, the exercise price, the exercise price in effect immediately prior toholder thereof, as such, issuance will be reduced tohave no rights as a price computed by the above-listed method. If we subdivide, combine, or pay a dividend in shares of common stock outstanding, the exercise price and number of shares issuable upon exercisestockholder of the

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BHC Warrants will be proportionately decreased, or increased, as appropriate. If the exercise price is adjusted, the number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrant will be equal to:

           *    the product of: (a) the number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrant
                 immediately prior to such adjustment, and (b) the exercise price immediately prior to such adjustment, 
                 divided by

          *     the exercise price immediately after such adjustment.

           The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the BHC Warrants are subject to adjustment, from time to time, if we:

           *    reorganize or reclassify the outstanding shares of common stock;

           *    merge or consolidate with another corporation; or

           *    sell, lease or convey all, or substantially all, of our property, assets, business and goodwill to another entity.

Upon any such transaction, the BHC Warrant will be adjusted so that the holder of the BHC Warrant will be entitled to receive the kind and number of shares of common stock or of our other securities which the holder would have owned or been entitled to receive had the BHC Warrant been exercised in advance of such transaction.

           If we make a distribution of assets or securities to our stockholders, prior to the expiration of the BHC Warrant and prior to the exercise of the BHC Warrant, the holder of the BHC Warrant will be entitled, upon the exercise, to receive, in addition to the common stock it is entitled to receive, the same kind and amount of assets or securities as would have been distributed to it in a distribution had it been the holder of record of shares of common stock receivable upon exercise of the BHC Warrant on the record date for determination of those entitled to receive the distribution.

           If we dissolve, liquidate, or wind up our affairs at any time prior to the expiration or exercise of the BHC Warrant, the holder of the BHC Warrant will be entitled to receive, in lieu of our common stock, the same kind and amount of assets as would have been issued, distributed or paid to it upon the exercise of the BHC Warrant on the record date for the determination of those entitled to receive any such liquidating distribution.

          The holder of the BHC Warrants may, at any time and from time to time during the term of the BHC Warrants, request the registration of the BHC Warrant and common stock issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrants. In addition, the holder of the BHC Warrants is entitled, subject to certain conditions, to include the BHC Warrant and common stock issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrant in a registration statement covering other securities which the Registrant proposes to register.

Appointment of New Director

           On September 20, 2001, our Board appointed Mr. Jack Lahav as a member of the Board. Mr. Lahav is a private investor specializing in launching and growing businesses. Mr. Lahav is the founder and president of Remarkable Products, Inc. He also co-founded Lamar Signal Processing, Inc., a telecommunications company. Mr. Lahav currently serves as president of Advanced Technologies, Inc., a robotics company, and director of Vocaltech Communications, Inc. Mr. Lahav acquired 571,429 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase up to 571,429 shares of common stock in the Private Placement. These 1,142,858 shares are being offered under the prospectus. See "SELLING STOCKHOLDERS."  Mr. Lahav is 53 years old and resides at 18 Chelsea Drive, Livingston, New  Jersey  07039.

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POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL

           As of September 21, 2001, Capital Bank owned of record, as agent for certain accredited investors, 9,972,914 shares of common stock representing 29.5% of our issued and outstanding common stock. Capital Bank also has Company, including, without limitation, the right to acquire an additional 6,975,317 shares of common stock, comprised of (a) 842,995 shares issuable upon exercisevote or to receive dividends.


This summary description of the Unit Warrants purchased in the Private Placement by Capital Bank as agent for certain investors; (b) 4,465,655 shares of common stock issuable under various other warrants held by Capital Bank; and (c) 1,666,667 shares of common stock issuable to Capital Bank upon the conversion of 2,500 shares of Series 17 Preferred held by Capital Bank. If Capital Bank were to acquire all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the various warrants held by Capital Bank (including the Unit Warrants issued to Capital Bank under the Private Placement) and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series 17 Preferred, then Capital Bank would own of record 16,948,231 shares of common stock, representing 41.6% of the issued and outstanding common stock. The foregoing estimates assume that we do not issue any other shares of common stock; no other warrants or options are exercised; we do not acquire additional shares of common stock as treasury stock; and Capital BankRights does not dispose of any shares of common stock.

          If Capital Bank were to acquire the shares of common stock as described in the previous paragraph, Capital Bank would be our largest single shareholder, and we may not be able to avoid an actual change in control if Capital Bank seeks such a change in control. Moreover, if such conversion and exercise results in Capital Bank acquiring more than 50% of our then-outstanding common stock, we would not be able to avoid a change in control.

          If Capital Bank acquires the shares of common stock described in the previous paragraph, Capital Bank may be able to cause a change in at least 50% of the members of our Board of Directors. Such a change in Board membership could be an event of default under our $22 million credit facility (the "Credit Facility") and our $5.6 million outstanding Subordinated Notes. If Capital Bank were to acquire such shares and cause Dr. Louis Centofantipurport to be removed from our Boardcomplete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Rights Agreement.


LEGAL OPINION

Conner & Winters, LLP, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma will opine as to the validity of Directors or as our president and chief executive officer, the removal could be an event of default under the Credit Facility and the Subordinated Notes.

          Capital Bank may have become a beneficial owner (as that term is defined under Rule 13d-3 as promulgated under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) of more than 10% of our common stock on February 9, 1996, as a result of its acquisition of 1,100 shares of Series 1 Class A Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series 1 Preferred") that were convertible into a maximum of 1,282,798 shares of common stock commencing 45 days after issuance of the Series 1 Preferred. If Capital Bank became a beneficial owner of more than 10% of our common stock on February 9, 1996, and was required to file reports under Section 16(a), Capital Bank has not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Company, among other reports, any Forms 3, 4 or 5 for years 1996 through the date of this registration statement, although it has entered into numerous transactions regarding the Company's equity securities.

           Capital Bank has advised us that it is a banking institution regulated by the banking regulations of Austria which holds shares of our common stock on behalf of numerous investors. Capital Bank asserts that it is precluded by Austrian law from disclosing the identities of its investors, but that all of its investors are accredited investors under Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Act. In addition, Capital Bank has advised us that none of its investors beneficially own more than 4.9% of our common stock. Capital Bank has further informed us that its clients (and not Capital Bank) maintain full voting and dispositive power over such shares. Consequently, Capital Bank has advised us that it believes it is not the beneficial owner, as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3, of the shares of our common stock registered in the name of Capital Bank because it has neither voting nor investment power, as such terms are defined in Rule 13d-3, over such shares. Capital Bank has informed us that it does not believe that it is required to file reports under Section 16(a) or to file either Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G in connection with the shares of our common stock registered in the name of Capital Bank.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

            We will not receive any part of the proceeds of the sale of Shares. We will receive approximately $21,789,000 if the Selling Stockholders exercise, for cash, all of the warrants covering Shares included in this prospectus. Any proceeds received by us from the exercise of such warrants, less our share of the estimated expenses of the cost of this offering, will be used by us for general corporate purposes.

            We have agreed to pay all costs and fees relating to the registration of the common stock coveredsecurities offered by this prospectus, except for any discounts, concessions, or commissions payable to underwriters, dealers, or agents incident to the offering of the Shares covered by this prospectus, or any legal fees incurred by any Selling Stockholders relating to this offering.

SUMMARY OF SECURITIES BEING OFFERED

prospectus.


EXPERTS

The 21,619,722 Shares covered by this prospectus are comprised of the following:

           *     1,666,667 shares issuable upon the conversion of our Series 17 Preferred;

           *      250,000 shares issued or issuable in payment of accrued dividends on the Series 17 Preferred;

           *      1,281,731 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Note Warrants;

           *      1,999,437 shares issued pursuant to the Exchange Agreement;

           *      1,839,405 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Exchange Warrant;

           *      625,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Capital Exchange Warrant;

           *      4,397,566 shares issued pursuant to our Private Placement;

           *      4,397,566 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants;

           *      123,750 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants;

           *      817,142 shares issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrants;

           *      1,020,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Capital Warrants (described below);

           *     610,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the National Warrants (described below); and

           *      2,591,458 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Consultant Warrants (described below).

All of the foregoing shares of common stock and warrants are previously described under "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS," except the Capital Warrants, the National Warrants, and the Consultant Warrants, which are described below.

Capital Warrants

           In connection with the $3 Million Loan and a separate loan from Capital Bank to us for $750,000, dated July 12, 2000 (the "$750,000 Loan"), we issued to Capital Bank three-year warrants for the right to purchase an aggregate 300,000 shares of our common stock. Pursuant to an amendment to both the $3 million Loan and the $750,000 Loan, we issued additional three year warrants for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 720,000 shares of common stock. These warrants include the following (collectively, the "Capital Warrants"):

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           *    a warrant, dated August 29, 2000, for the purchase of up to 150,000 shares at an exercise price of 
                  $1.50;

           *    a warrant, dated October 30, 2000, for the purchase of up to 150,000 shares at an exercise price 
                 of $1.625;

           *    a warrant, dated November 29, 2000, for the purchase of up to 300,000 shares at an exercise price 
                 of $1.875;

           *    a warrant, dated December 29, 2000, for the purchase of up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of 
                 $1.4219;

          *     a warrant, dated January 31, 2001, for the purchase of up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of
                 $1.9688;

          *     a warrant, dated February 28,2001, for the purchase of up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of 
                 $1.9375; and

          *     a warrant, dated March 30, 2001, for the purchase of up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of 
                 $1.8125.

          The terms of the Capital Warrants provide that the holder may exercise a Capital Warrant without paying the exercise price in cash. Upon a cashless exercise, the holder will receive the number of shares equal to the product of (a) the number of warrant shares as to which the warrant is being exercised, multiplied by (b) a fraction, the numerator of which is the market price of our common stock minus the exercise price, and the denominator is the market price.

          If we declare and pay a dividend in common stock or if the outstanding shares of common stock are subdivided, combined or consolidated then the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of the Capital Warrant or the exercise price will be proportionately increased or decreased, as appropriate.  Further, if we merge or consolidate with another entity and were are not the surviving entity, or if we sell or convey all or substantially all of our property, the holder of a Capital Warrant may receive, upon its exercise, the kind and number of shares of common stock or of our other securities which the holder would have owned or been entitled to receive had the Capital Warrant been exercised in advance of such transaction.

Consulting and Advisory Agreement: National Warrants

           On December 5, 2000, we entered into a financial advisory and consulting agreement (the "Advisory and Consulting Agreement") with National Securities Corporation ("National"). Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory and Consulting Agreement, National performed various financial advisory services for the Company, including disseminating information to the investment community at large; advising the Company about its financial structure as it relates to the public market for its securities; and advising us as to the timing and structure of any future public or private offerings of equity securities. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory and Consulting Agreement, we issued to National two warrants (collectively, the "National Warrants"), consisting of (a) a warrant, dated June 1, 2001, for the purchase of up to 250,000 shares of common stock and exercisable for a period of five years at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, and (b) a warrant, dated June 1, 2001, for the purchase of up to 360,000 shares of common stock and exercisable for a period of five years at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.

          The terms of the National Warrants provide that the holder has certain piggyback registration rights and that the holder may exercise a National Warrant without paying the exercise price in cash. Upon a cashless exercise, the holder will receive the number of shares equal to the product of (a) the number of shares of common stock as to which the National

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Warrant is being exercised, multiplied by (b) a fraction, the numerator of which is the market price of our common stock minus the exercise price, and the denominator is the market price.

          If we declare and pay a dividend in common stock into a greater number of shares, or if the outstanding shares of common stock are subdivided, combined or consolidated, then the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of the National Warrant or the exercise price will be proportionately increased or decreased, as appropriate.

          If we merge or consolidate with another entity and we are not the surviving entity, or if we sell or convey all or substantially all of our property, the holder of a National Warrant may receive, upon its exercise, the kind and number of shares of common stock or of our other securities which the holder would have owned or been entitled to receive had the National Warrant been exercised in advance of such transaction.

Consultant Warrants

         We have issued an aggregate of 2,591,458 warrants to purchase common stock (collectively, the "Consultant Warrants") in connection with retaining and compensating Larkspur Capital Corporation ("Larkspur"), Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC ("Ryan, Beck"), and Strategic Growth International, Inc. ("Strategic") for consulting and advisory services rendered to us. These consulting services related to the negotiation and completion of our $22 million credit facility, the BHC Loan, and the Purchase Agreement covering our Subordinated Notes.  A portion of the Consultant Warrants issued to Larkspur and Ryan Beck were assigned by Larkspur and Ryan Beck to certain officers and/or managing partners of Larkspur and Ryan Beck or trusts controlled by such officer or managing partner.  Except as noted below, each of these warrants are for a term of five years with an exercise price of $1.44 per share.

         In connection with retaining the services of Larkspur, Ryan, Beck, and Strategic, we issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 630,000 shares of common stock, consisting of (a) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan, Beck, dated January 25, 2000, for the purchase of up to 75,000 shares and (b) warrants issued to Strategic, dated April 1, 2001, for the purchase of up to 480,000 shares. The warrants granted to Strategic have an exercise price of $1.20 per share as to 240,000 shares and $1.40 per share as to 240,000 shares.

         In connection with the negotiation and completion of our $22 million credit facility, we issued warrants for the purchase of an aggregate of 1,283,332 shares of common stock, consisting of (a) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan, Beck, dated December 22, 2000, for the purchase of up to 534,722 shares, and (b) warrants issued to Strategic, dated December 22, 2000, for the purchase of up to 213,888 shares.

         In connection with the negotiation and completion of the BHC Loan, we issued warrants for the purchase of an aggregate of 349,999 shares of common stock, consisting of (a) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan, Beck, dated January 31, 2001, for the purchase of up to 85,069 shares, (b) warrants issued to Strategic dated February 1, 2001, for the purchase of up to 34,028 shares, (c) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan, Beck, dated March 9, 2001, for the purchase of up to 60,764 shares, and (d) warrants issued to Strategic, dated March 9, 2001, for the purchase of up to 24,305 shares.

         In connection with the negotiation and completion of the Purchase Agreement and our Subordinated Notes, we issued warrants for the purchases of up to an aggregate of 328,127 shares of common stock consisting of (a) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan Beck, dated July 31, 2001, for the purchase of up to 136,720 shares, and (b) warrants issued to Strategic, dated July 31, 2001, for the purchase of up to 54,687 shares.

          The terms of the Consultant Warrants provide that the holder may exercise a Consultant Warrant without paying the exercise price in cash. Upon a cashless exercise, the holder will receive the number of shares equal to the product of (a) the number of warrant shares as to which the warrant is being exercised, multiplied by (b) a fraction, the numerator of which is the market price of our common stock minus the exercise price, and the denominator is the market price.

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         The exercise price or number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Consultant Warrants may be proportionately increased or decreased, as appropriate, if we subdivide or combine our common stock, or pay a dividend in common stock.  When the exercise price is adjusted, the number of shares issuable upon exercise will also be adjusted multiplying a number equal to the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment by the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Consultant Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment and dividing the product by the adjusted exercise price.

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

           The following table sets forth as to each Selling Stockholder: (a) the name of each Selling Stockholder, (b) the amount of shares beneficially owned as of the date of this prospectus, (c) the number of shares of common stock owned by each Selling Stockholder which are included under this prospectus, (d) the number of shares beneficially owned after the offering, assuming that all shares of common stock being offered hereby are sold and that such are outstanding, and (e) the percentage of common stock beneficially owned after completion of the offering. Unless otherwise noted, each Selling Stockholder has sole voting and investment power over the shares of common stock listed as beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder.

           The common stock being offered includes shares of common stock which may be acquired upon: (a) the exercise of outstanding warrants, whether such are currently exercisable, and/or (b) conversion of outstanding shares of preferred stock, whether or not such are currently convertible.

           The percentage of common stock beneficially owned after completion of this offering assumes: (a) all shares of common stock covered by this prospectus are sold, (b) the Selling Stockholder does not acquire beneficial ownership of additional shares of common stock after the date of this prospectus, and (c) we do not issue any additional shares of common stock after the date of this prospectus, except the shares of common stock which a person has the right to acquire upon the exercise of warrants and conversion of preferred stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, but such shares are not determined to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The amounts indicated are based on outstanding common stock of 33,763,177 shares as of September 21, 2001.






Selling Stockholder



Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
Prior to Offering




Common Stock
 Being Offered


Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
After Offering
Number
       % of Class
Associated Mezzanine-PESI(I), L.P.712,073(1)712,0730*
David Avital286,000(2)+286,000+0*
BHC Interim Funding, L.P.817,142(3)817,1420*
Bridge East Capital, L.P.569,658(4)569,6580*
Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG17,185,730(5)+

8,461,499+

8,724,23141.9%
CICI 1999 Qualified Annuity171,430(6)+171,430+0*
Gerald B. Cramer171,430(7)+171,430+0*
CRM 1999 Enterprise Fund 3400,000(8)+400,000+0*
Paul Cronson282,146(9)282,1460*
Craig S. Eckenthal114,286(10)+114,286+0*
 

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Selling Stockholder



Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
Prior to Offering




Common Stock
 Being Offered


Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
After Offering
Number
       % of Class
Danny Ellis Living Trust700,000(11)+500,000+200,000*
Europa International, Inc.1,142,856(12)+1,142,856+0*
Harvey Gelfenbein57,142(13)+57,142+0*
Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust3,000(14)3,0000*
Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust3,000(15)3,0000*
Robert L. Goodwin276,146(16)276,1460*
A.C. Israel Enterprises571,430(17)+571,430+0*
Kennerman Associates15,750(18)+15,750+0*
Michael J. Kollender245,375(19)245,3750*
Kuekenhof Partners, L.P.80,000(20)+80,000+0*
Kuekenhof Equity Fund, L.P.120,000(21)+120,000+0*
Jack Lahav(22)1,142,858(22)+1,142,858+0*
Joseph LaMotta57,142(23)+57,142+0*
Jay B. Langner57,142(24)+57,142+0*
Larkspur Capital Corporation34,000(25)+34,000+0*
The F. M. Grandchildren Trust85,714(26)+85,714+0*
Mathers Associates457,142(27)+457,142+0*
Robert C. Mayer, Jr.282,146(28)282,1460*
Peter Melhado230,000(29)+230,000+0*
Meera Murdeshwar45,837(30)45,8370*
National Securities Corporation650,000(31)+650,000+0*
Pamela Equities Corp.85,714(32)+85,714+0*
Josef Paradis286,000(33)+286,000+0*
Readington Associates114,286(34)+114,286+0*
Dr. Ralph Richart450,000(35)+450,000+0*
Randy F. Rock245,375(36)245,3750*
Edward J. Rosenthal Profit  Sharing Plan57,142(37)+57,142+0*
Ryan Beck & Co., LLC435,525(38)+435,525+0*
Yariv Sapir IRA171,428(39)+171,428+0*

 

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Selling Stockholder



Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
Prior to Offering




Common Stock
 Being Offered


Common Stock
Beneficially Owned
After Offering
Number
       % of Class
Strategic Growth International, Inc.806,908(40)806,9080*
Herbert Strauss625,000(41)625,0000*
Bruce Wrobel300,000(42)+300,000+0*

___________________

*    Less than 1%.

+     Assumes that our stockholders approve the issuance of shares of common stock upon the exercise of the Unit
       Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants. See "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - Private Placement: Unit 
       Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants."

(1)   Includes 712,073 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(2)   Includes 143,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(3)   Includes 817,142 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(4)   Includes 569,658 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(5)   Includes (a) 9,972,914 shares that Capital Bank owns of record; (b) 1,666,667 shares issuable upon conversion 
       of  2,500 shares of Series 17 Preferred; (c) 842,995 shares issuable upon exercise of the Unit Warrants; 
       (d) 4,465,655 shares issuable upon exercise of other warrants held by Capital Bank; and (e) 250,000 shares 
       that Capital Bank may receive in payment of accrued dividends on the Series 17 Preferred (of which 12,501 
       shares have been previously issued). Our Registration Statement on Form S-3, No. 333-14513, effective 
       October 21, 1996, and our Registration Statement on Form S-3, No. 333-87437, effective September 20, 
       1999, currently cover the reoffer and resale of up to 8,724,231of the 17,185,730 shares noted as beneficially 
       owned by Capital Bank. Capital Bank has informed us that it is a banking institution regulated by the 
       banking regulations of Austria which holds our securities on behalf of numerous clients, and that the 
       clients (and not Capital Bank) maintain full voting and dispositive power over such shares. Consequently, 
       Capital Bank advised us that it believes it is not the beneficial owner, as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 
       under the Exchange Act, of our securities registered in the name of Capital Bank because it has neither 
       voting nor investment power, as such terms are defined in Rule 13d-3, over such securities. As a result, 
       Capital Bank may share voting and investment power with its investors. Capital Bank has informed us 
       that it does not believe that it is required to file reports under Section 16(a),  Schedule 13D, or Schedule 
       13G in connection with the shares of our common stock registered in the name of Capital Bank.  See 
       "POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL" for a discussion of Capital Bank's holdings of our securities.

(6)    Includes 85,715 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(7)    Includes 85,715 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(8)    Includes 200,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(9)    Includes 282,146 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(10)  Includes 57,143 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

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(11)  Includes 250,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants and 100,000 owned of record by 
         D.W. Investments, Inc. of which Mr. Ellis is the sole stockholder.

(12)  Includes 571,428 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(13)  Includes 28,571 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(14)  Includes 3,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(15)  Includes 3,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(16)  Includes 276,146 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(17)  Includes 285,715 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(18)  Includes 15,750 shares issuable upon the exercise of Placement Agent Warrants.

(19)  Includes 245,375 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(20)  Includes 40,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(21)  Includes 60,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(22)  Includes 571,429 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants. Mr. Lahav was appointed as a member 
        of the Board on September 20, 2001. See "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - Appointment of New Director."

(23)  Includes 28,571 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(24)  Includes 28,571 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(25)  Includes 34,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Placement Agent Warrants.

(26)  Includes 42,857 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(27) Includes 228,571 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(28)  Includes 282,146 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(29)  Includes 115,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(30)  Includes 45,837 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(31)  Includes 650,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(32)  Includes 42,857 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(33)  Includes 143,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(34)  Includes 57,143 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(35)  Includes 225,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(36)  Includes 245,375 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(37)  Includes 28,571 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants.

(38)  Includes 401,525 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants and 34,000 shares issuable upon the exercise 
         of Placement Agent Warrants.

(39)  Includes 85,714 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(40)  Includes 806,908 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(41)  Includes 625,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(42)  Includes 150,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

-27-

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

           The Shares may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholders, or by pledges, donees, transferees or other successors in interest. The Selling Stockholders will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, market, or otherwise at prices related to the then current market price or in negotiated transactions. The Shares may be sold by the Selling Stockholders in one or more transactions on the Nasdaq and the BSE or otherwise at market prices then prevailing or in privately negotiated transactions. The Shares may be sold by one or more of the following:

          *    ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers;

          *    purchases and resale by a broker-dealer for its account pursuant to this prospectus; and

          *    a block trade in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position 
                and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction.

           We have not been advised by the Selling Stockholders that they have, as of the date hereof, made any arrangements relating to the distribution of the Shares covered by this prospectus, except that certain of the Selling Stockholders are broker-dealers. See "SELLING STOCKHOLDERS." In effecting sales, broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Stockholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate, and, in such case, broker-dealers will receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Stockholders in amounts to be negotiated immediately prior to sale.

           In offering the Shares, the Selling Stockholders and any broker-dealers and any other participating broker-dealers who execute sales for the Selling Stockholders may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the Act in connection with such sales. Accordingly, any profits realized by the Selling Stockholders and the compensation of such broker-dealer may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. Any Shares covered by this prospectus which qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 may be sold under Rule 144 rather than pursuant to this prospectus.

LEGAL OPINION

           Certain legal matters in connection with the Common Stock offered hereby will be passed upon for the Company by Conner & Winters, A Professional Corporation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma ("Conner & Winters"). Irwin H. Steinhorn, a stockholder of Conner & Winters, has an individual retirement account which owns 385 shares of common stock.


EXPERTS

           The financial statements and schedulefinancial statement schedules as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, incorporated by reference in this prospectusRegistration Statement have been audited byso incorporated in reliance on the reports of BDO Seidman, LLP, an independent certifiedregistered public accountants toaccounting firm (the report on the extent and foreffectiveness of internal control over financial reporting expresses an adverse opinion on the periods set forth in their reporteffectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008), incorporated herein by reference, and are included herein in reliance upon such report given uponon the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION


We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.Securities and Exchange Commission, in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or Exchange Act.  You may read and copy any documentmaterials that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission at the SEC's public reference room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20549. following address:
Public Reference Room
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
1-800-SEC-0330
Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information onabout the public reference room.rooms.  Our reports, proxy statements and other information filed with the SEC filings are also available to the public onover the SEC's webInternet at the SEC’s World Wide Web site at http://www.sec.gov.  Our SEC file number for filings made under the Exchange Act is 001-11596.


16


INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to "incorporate“incorporate by reference"reference” the information contained in documents that we file with it.  This allows us tothe SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents instead of having to repeat the information in this prospectus.other documents.  The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and later information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. Therefore, before you decide to invest in a particular offering under this shelf-registration, you should always check for reports we may have filed with the SEC after the data of this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings madebelow:
·Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, filed March 31, 2009;

·Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed May 11, 2009;

·Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, March 11, 2009, March 30, 2009, April 8, 2009, and May 7, 2009 (two reports);

·The description of our Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share, that is contained in the Form 8-A Registration Statement, filed on May 13, 2008, as amended October 2, 2008, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.

·The description of the common stock of the Registrant that is contained in the Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act that became effective on October 30, 1992, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.

 Also incorporated by reference into this prospectus are all documents that we may file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act untilafter the selling stockholders sell alldate of this prospectus and before we stop offering the shares.

           *    Oursecurities described in this prospectus. These documents include periodic reports, such as annual reportreports on Form 10-K, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000;

           *    Our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, filed on May 14, 2001, and for 
                 the quarter ended June 30, 2001, filed on August 20, 2001;

           *    Our current reports on Form 8-K, filed on April 6, 2001, May 14, 2001, July 5, 2001, July 20, 2001, and 
                 August 7, 2001, and the amendmentas well as proxy statements.  Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the current report on Form 8-K/A,extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed September 10, 2001;
                 and

           *    Our definitive proxydocument which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement.  Any such statement filed on April 30, 2001, pursuantso modified or superseded shall not be deemed to Section 14constitute a part of this prospectus, except as so modified or superseded.

We will provide to each person who so requests, including any beneficial owner to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of these filings excluding exhibits except to the Exchange Act in 
                 connection with our 2001 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

extent such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference.  You canmay request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address and telephone number:

address:

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.
Attention: Richard T. KelecyChief Financial Officer
8302 Dunwoody Place, #250
Atlanta, Georgia  30350
(770) 587-9898

1940 Northwest 67th Place
Gainesville, Florida 32653
Telephone (352) 373-4200

You should rely only on the information containedincorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus or any supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference.prospectus supplement.  We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information.  The selling stockholders willWe are not makemaking an offer of these sharessecurities in any state where the offer is not permitted.  You should not assume that the information in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement or in the documents incorporated by reference is accurate onas of any date other than the date on the front of those documents.

           This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC (Registration No. 333-________). That registration statement and the exhibits filed along with the registration statement contain more information about the shares sold by the selling stockholders. Because information about contracts referred to in this prospectus is not always complete, you should read the full contracts which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement. You may read and copy the full registration statement and its exhibits at the SEC's public reference rooms or their web site.

-29-

PermaFix


environmental services
17


21,619,722 Shares

PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.

Common Stock

___________________

Prospectus
___________________

_______________, 2001

No dealer, salesman or other person has been authorized to give any information not contained in this prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by us.  This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of the securities offered hereby in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer in such jurisdiction.  Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale hereunder shall under any circumstances create any implication that there has been no change in our affairs since the date hereof.

PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS


Item 14.Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The aggregate estimated (other than the registration fee) expenses to be paid by the Registrant in connection with this offering are as follows:

Nature of Expense

SEC Registration Fee                     
                       Legal Fees (Including Blue Sky) 
                       Accounting Fees and Expenses  
                       Printing                                            
                       Miscellaneous                                

Total                               


$
$
$
$
$

$


    14,539.26
    35,000.00
      2,000.00
      2,500.00
      2,500.00

    54,539.00


SEC Registration Fee 381 
Legal Fees (Including Blue Sky) $55,000 
Accounting Fees and Expenses $10,000 
Printing $2,500 
Miscellaneous $500 
     
Total: $68,381 

The foregoing expenses, except for the registration fee, are estimated pursuant to Item 511 of Regulation S-K.


Item 15.Indemnification of Officers and Directors


Section 145 of the Delaware Corporation Law provides that a corporation has the power to indemnify a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation and certain other persons serving at the request of the corporation in related capacities against amounts paid and expenses incurred in connection with an action or proceeding to which he is or is threatened to be made a party by reason of such position, if such person shall have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, in any criminal proceeding, if such person had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful; provided that, no indemnification shall be made with respect to any matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstance of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification.


Article EIGHTH of our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides as follows with respect to the indemnification of our officers and directors:


All persons who the Corporation is empowered to indemnify pursuant to the provisions of
Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (or any similar provision
or provisions of applicable law at the time in effect), shall be indemnified by the Corporation
to the full extent permitted thereby.  The foregoing right of indemnification shall not be deemed
to be exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under
any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.  No repeal or
amendment of this Article EIGHTH shall adversely affect any rights of any person pursuant to
this Article EIGHTH which existed at the time of such repeal or amendment with respect to
acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or amendment.


Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides that no director shall be personally liable to us or its stockholders for any monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that this provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (iii) under Section 174 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware; or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.


II-1


II-1The indemnification discussed in this Item 15 is not exclusive of any other rights the party seeking indemnification may possess.  We carry officer and director liability insurance with respect to certain matters, including matters arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.


Item 16. Exhibits

Exhibit No.Description
2.1Stock Purchase Agreement, dated January 18, 2001, among the Registrant; East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation; Performance Development Corporation; Joe W. Anderson; Ronald W. Anderson; M. Joy Anderson; Russell R. and Cindy E. Anderson; Charitable Remainder Unitrust of William Paul Cowell, Kevin Cowell, Trustee; Joe B. and Angela H. Fincher; Ken-Ten Partners; Michael W. Light; Management Technologies, Incorporated; M&EC 401(k) Plan and Trust; PDC 401(k) Plan and Trust; Robert N. Parker; James C. Powers; Richard William Schenk, Trustee of the Richard Schenk Trust dated November 5, 1998; Talahi Partners; Hillis Enterprises, Inc.; Tom Price and Virginia Price; Thomas John Abraham, Jr. and Donna Ferguson Abraham; and Bill J. Hillis, is incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001.
4.1Certificate of Designations of Series 17 Class Q Convertible Preferred Stock, dated May 25, 2001,as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2001, and filed on July 5, 2001.
4.2Specimen copy of Certificate relating to the Series 17 Class Q Convertible Preferred Stock,as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2001, and filed on July 5, 2001.
4.3Form of Subscription Agreement, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2001, and filed on July 5, 2001.
5.1Opinion of Conner & Winters, a Professional Corporation.
10.1Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99446V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998.
10.2Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99447V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998
10.3Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99448V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998.
10.4Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, among the Registrant,Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P.andBridge East Capital L.P., as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.5Form of 13.50% Senior Subordinated Note Due 2006, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.6Option Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, among the Registrant,Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P.andBridge East Capital L.P., as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.8 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.7Financial Advisory and Consulting Agreement, dated December 5, 2000, between the Registrant and National Securities Corporation.

II-2

Exhibit No.

Description

10.8Debt-For-Stock Exchange Agreement, dated effective July 9, 2001, between the Registrant and Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 9, 2001, and filed on July 20, 2001.
10.9Warrant, dated January 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to BHC Interim Funding, L.P. for the right to purchase up to 817,142 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.4578, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001.
10.10Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated August 29, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG (f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft) for the right to purchase up to 150,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2000, and filed on September 5, 2000.
10.11Warrant, dated November 29, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank (f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft) for the right to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.8750, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 22, 2000, and filed on January 17, 2001. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 570,000 shares were issued to Capital Bank as follows: (a) a warrant, dated October 30, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 150,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.625; (b) a warrant, dated December 29, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.4219, (c) a warrant, dated January 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.9688, (d) a warrant, dated February 28, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.9375, and (e) a warrant, dated March 30, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.8125. Copies of these Warrants will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.12Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG for the right to purchase up to 1,839,405 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.
10.13Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Herbert Strauss for the right to purchase up to 625,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.
10.14Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated June 1, 2001, granted by the Registrant to National Securities Corporation for the right to purchase of up to 250,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. A substantially similar warrant, dated June 1, 2001, was granted by the Registrant to National Securities Corporation for the purchase of up to 360,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. A copy of this Warrant will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.15Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated April 1, 1999, granted by the Registrant to Strategic Growth International, Inc. for the right to purchase up to 240,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.20 per share. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 566,908 shares were issued to Strategic Growth International, Inc. as follows: (a) a warrant, dated April 1, 1999 for the right to purchase up to 240,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.40, (b) a warrant, dated December 22, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 213,888 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, (c) a warrant, dated February 1, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 34,028 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, (d) a warrant, dated March 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 24,305 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, and (e) a warrant, dated July 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 54,687 shares at an exercise price of $1.44. Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.

II-3

Exhibit No.

Description

10.16Warrant Agreement, dated January 25, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., L.L.C. ("Ryan Beck") for the purchase of up to 33,750 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share. Substantially similar Warrant Agreements, dated January 25, 2000, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 116,250 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Randy Rock (20,625 shares), Michael Kollender (20,625 shares), Robert Goodwin (20,000 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (23,000 shares), Paul Cronson (23,000 shares), Meera Murdeshwar (6,000 shares), Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares), and Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.17Warrant, dated December 22, 2000, issued by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the purchase of 213,889 shares of the Registrant's common stock, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001. Substantially similar Warrants, dated December 22, 2000, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 855,555 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (26,737 shares), Michael Kollender (147,048 shares), Randy Rock (147,048 shares), Robert Goodwin (166,907 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (169,908 shares), Paul Cronson (169,907 shares), Meera Murdeshwar (25,000 shares), Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares), and Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.18Warrant Agreement, dated January 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the right to purchase up to 34,028 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated January 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 136,110 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (4,253 shares), Michael Kollender (23,394 shares), Randy Rock (23,394 shares), Robert Goodwin (26,690 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (26,689 shares), Paul Cronson (26,690 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (5,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.19Warrant Agreement, dated March 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the right to purchase up to 24,306 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated March 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 97,222 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (3,038 shares), Michael Kollender (16,710 shares), Randy Rock (16,710 shares), Robert Goodwin (19,255 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (19,255 shares), Paul Cronson (19,254 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (3,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.20Warrant Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Paul Cronson for the right to purchase up to 43,295 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated July 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 218,752 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (6,836 shares), Ryan Beck (54,688), Michael Kollender (37,598 shares), Randy Rock (37,598 shares), Robert Goodwin (43,294 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (43,294 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (6,837 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.

II-4

Exhibit No.

Description

10.21Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated July 30, 2001, granted by the Registrant to David Avital for the purchase of up to 143,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 4,254,566 were issued to Capital Bank (842,995 shares), CICI 1999 Qualified Annuity Trust (85,715 shares), Gerald D. Cramer (85,715 shares), CRM 1999 Enterprise Fund 3 (200,000 shares), Craig S. Eckenthal (57,143 shares), Danny Ellis Living Trust (250,000 shares), Europa International, Inc. (571,428 shares), Harvey Gelfenbein (28,571 shares), A. C. Israel Enterprises (285,715 shares), Kuekenhof Partners, L.P. (40,000), Kuekenhof Equity Fund, L.P. (60,000 shares), Jack Lahav (571,429 shares), Joseph LaMotta (28,571 shares), Jay B. Langner (28,571 shares), The F. M. Grandchildren Trust (42,857 shares), Mathers Associates (228,571 shares), Peter Melhado (115,000 shares), Pamela Equities Corp. (42,857 shares), Josef Paradis (143,000 shares), Readington Associates (57,143 shares), Dr. Ralph Richart (225,000 shares), Edward J. Rosenthal Profit Sharing Plan (28,571 shares), Yariv Sapir IRA (85,714 shares), and Bruce Wrobel (150,000 shares), respectively. Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.22Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 30, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Kennerman Associates for the purchase of 15,750 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. Substantially similar warrants, dated July 30, 2001, for the purchase of an aggregate 108,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share were issued to Ryan, Beck & Co., L.L.C. (34,000 shares), Larkspur Capital Corporation (34,000 shares), and National Securities Corporation (40,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.23Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P. for the purchase of up to 712,073 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. A substantially similar warrant was issued to Bridge East Capital L.P. for the right to purchase of up to 569,658 shares of the Registrant's common stock, and a copy will be provided to the Commission upon request.
23.1Consent of BDO Seidman, LLP.
23.2Consent of Conner & Winters, as contained in Exhibit 5.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
24.1Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Zwecker, Colin, Sullivan, and Lahav, as contained in the Power of Attorney of the signature page included in this Registration Statement.

________________

II-5

Exhibits.


     See the Exhibit Index attached to this registration statement and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 17.Undertakings


            (a) The Companyundersigned registrant hereby undertakes:


(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to
            the Registration Statement:

(i)  To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of this registration statement:

                    Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually 
(i)To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

(ii)To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.

                    Statement;
(iii)To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;


provided, however(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously 
                    disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration
                    Statement;

Provided, however,, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(ii)(iii) do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form F-3, and the information required to be included
in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished
to the Commission by the Companyregistrant pursuant to SectionSections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
               1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.


(2)  That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be 
            deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such
            securities at the time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

             (3)  To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered
             which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

           The Company hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Act, each filing of the Company's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at thethat time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.


(3)  To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i)Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

II-2


(ii)Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(5)  That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i)Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii)Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii)The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv)Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.


(c)  Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Companyregistrant pursuant to the indemnificationforegoing provisions, described herein, or otherwise, the Companyregistrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.  In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Companyregistrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Companyregistrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Companyregistrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-6


II-3


SIGNATURES FOR FORM S-3


Pursuant to the requirements of the Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Gainesville,Atlanta, State of Florida,Georgia, on the 28th21st day of September, 2001.

                                                               PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTALMay 2009.


SERVICES, INC.

PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
By:
/s/ Dr. Louis Centofanti
Dr. Louis F. Centofanti
Chairman of the Board
Chief Executive Officer

                                                                                       By:    /s/ Louis Centofanti                                            
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

            KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Dr. Louis F. Centofanti as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do them in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent or any of them, or their or his substitute or substitutes, shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


SignatureTitleTitleDate

    /s/ Louis Centofanti                     
/s/ Dr. Louis F. Centofanti
Dr. Louis F. Centofanti
Chairman of the Board of
Directors, President, and
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

September 28, 2001
May 21, 2009

    /s/ Richard T. Kelecy                   
Richard T. Kelecy

/s/ Ben Naccarato
Ben Naccarato
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

September 28, 2001
May 21, 2009

    /s/
/s/ *
Jon ColinDirectorMay 21, 2009
/s/ *
Jack LahavDirectorMay 21, 2009
/s/ *
Joe R. ReederDirectorMay 21, 2009
/s/ *
Larry SheltonDirectorMay 21, 2009
/s/ *
Dr. Charles E. YoungDirectorMay 21, 2009
/s/ *
Robert  L. FergusonDirectorMay 21, 2009
/s/ *
Mark A. Zwecker
Mark A. Zwecker

Director
September 28, 2001
May 21, 2009

*By/s/ Dr. Louis Centofanti

    /s/ Jon Colin                                  
Jon Colin

DirectorDr. Louis F. Centofanti, Attorney in Fact

II-4


PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-3

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.

September 28, 2001
Description

   /s/ Thomas P. Sullivan                 

Thomas P. Sullivan

Director

September 28, 2001

    /s/ Jack Lahav                              
Jack Lahav
3(i)

Director

Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1(i) to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
3(ii)Bylaws of Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc., as amended on October 30, 2007, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 28,30, 2007.
4.1Specimen Common Stock Certificate as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement, No. 33-51874.
4.2Loan and Security Agreement by and between the Company, subsidiaries of the Company as signatories thereto, and PNC Bank, National Association, dated December 22, 2000, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Company's Form 8-K dated December 22, 2000.
4.3First Amendment to Loan Agreement and Consent, dated January 30, 2001, between the Company and PNC Bank, National Association as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.7 to the Company’s Form 8-K dated January 31, 2001.
4.4Amendment No. 1 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of June 10, 2002, between the Company and PNC Bank is incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002.
4.5Amendment No. 2 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of May 23, 2003, between the Company and PNC Bank, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003, and filed on August 14, 2003.
4.6Amendment No. 3 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2003, between the Company and PNC Bank, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003, and filed on November 10, 2003.
4.7Amendment No. 4 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2005, between the Registrant and PNC Bank as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.12 to the Registrant's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004.
4.8Letter from PNC Bank regarding intent to waive technical default on the Loan and Security Agreement with PNC Bank due to resignation of Chief Financial Officer.
4.9
Amendment No. 5 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated June 29, 2005, between the Registrant and PNC Bank, which is incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K, filed June 30, 2005.
4.10Amendment No. 6 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of June 12, 2007, between the Registrant and PNC Bank as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007.
4.11Amendment No. 7 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of July 18, 2007, between the Registrant and PNC Bank as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2007.
4.12Amendment No. 8 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of November 2, 2007, between the Registrant and PNC Bank as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007.
4.13Amendment No. 9 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2007, between the Registrant and PNC Bank, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.14 to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Exhibit Index


Exhibit No
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Description
Sequential
Page No.
2.1Stock Purchase Agreement, dated January 18, 2001, among the Registrant; East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation; Performance Development Corporation; Joe W. Anderson; Ronald W. Anderson; M. Joy Anderson; Russell R. and Cindy E. Anderson; Charitable Remainder Unitrust of William Paul Cowell, Kevin Cowell, Trustee; Joe B. and Angela H. Fincher; Ken-Ten Partners; Michael W. Light; Management Technologies, Incorporated; M&EC 401(k) Plan and Trust; PDC 401(k) Plan and Trust; Robert N. Parker; James C. Powers; Richard William Schenk, Trustee of the Richard Schenk Trust dated November 5, 1998; Talahi Partners; Hillis Enterprises, Inc.; Tom Price and Virginia Price; Thomas John Abraham, Jr. and Donna Ferguson Abraham; and Bill J. Hillis, is incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001.
4.1Certificate of Designations of Series 17 Class Q Convertible Preferred Stock, dated May 25, 2001, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2001, and filed on July 5, 2001.
4.2Specimen copy of Certificate relating to the Series 17 Class Q Convertible Preferred Stock,as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2001, and filed on July 5, 2001.
4.3Form of Subscription Agreement, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2001, and filed on July 5, 2001.
5.1Opinion of Conner & Winters, a Professional Corporation.43
10.1Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99446V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998.
10.2Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99447V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998
10.3Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99448V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998.
 

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Exhibit No
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Description

Sequential


Page No.

10.4Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, among the Registrant,Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P.andBridge East Capital L.P., as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
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4.14Amendment No. 10 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2008, between the Registrant and PNC Bank, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.15 to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
4.15Amendment No. 11 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2008, between the Registrant and PNC Bank, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 filed on August 11, 2008.
4.16Amendment No. 12 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of July 25, 2008, between the Registrant and PNC Bank, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 filed on August 11, 2008.
4.17Amendment No. 13 to Revolving Credit, Term Loan, and Security Agreement, dated as of March 5, 2009, between the Registrant and PNC Bank, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on March 11, 2009.
4.18Rights Agreement dated as of May 2, 2008 between the Registrant and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Registrant, as Rights Agent, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on May 8, 2008.
4.19Letter Agreement dated September 29, 2008, between the Registrant and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-A/A filed on October 2, 2008.
4.20Loan and Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 8th, 2009 between William N. Lampson, Diehl Rettig, and the Registrant, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 11, 2009.
4.21Promissory Note dated May 8, 2009 issued by the Registrant. in favor of  William Lampson and Diehl Rettig is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 11, 2009.
4.22Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated May 8, 2009, issued to William N. Lampson is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 11, 2009.
4.23Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated May 8, 2009, issued to Diehl Rettig is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009, filed on May 11, 2009.
5.1Opinion of Conner & Winters, LLP.
23.1Consent of BDO Seidman, LLP
23.2Consent of Conner & Winters (included in Exhibit 5.1 to this registration statement)
24.1Power of Attorney (included on page II-4 to this registration statement).*
*Previously filed.
10.5Form of 13.50% Senior Subordinated Note Due 2006, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.6Option Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, among the Registrant,Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P.andBridge East Capital L.P., as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.8 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.7Financial Advisory and Consulting Agreement, dated December 5, 2000, between the Registrant and National Securities Corporation.
10.8Debt-For-Stock Exchange Agreement, dated effective July 9, 2001, between the Registrant and Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 9, 2001, and filed on July 20, 2001.
10.9Warrant, dated January 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to BHC Interim Funding, L.P. for the right to purchase up to 817,142 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.4578, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001.
10.10Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated August 29, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG (f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft) for the right to purchase up to 150,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2000, and filed on September 5, 2000.
10.11Warrant, dated November 29, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank (f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft) for the right to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.8750, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 22, 2000, and filed on January 17, 2001. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 570,000 shares were issued to Capital Bank as follows: (a) a warrant, dated October 30, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 150,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.625; (b) a warrant, dated December 29, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.4219, (c) a warrant, dated January 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.9688, (d) a warrant, dated February 28, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.9375, and (e) a warrant, dated March 30, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.8125. Copies of these Warrants will be provided to the Commission upon request.

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Exhibit No.


Description

Sequential
Page No.

10.12Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG for the right to purchase up to 1,839,405 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.6410.13Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Herbert Strauss for the right to purchase up to 625,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.7210.14Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated June 1, 2001, granted by the Registrant to National Securities Corporation for the right to purchase of up to 250,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. A substantially similar warrant, dated June 1, 2001, was granted by the Registrant to National Securities Corporation for the purchase of up to 360,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. A copy of this Warrant will be provided to the Commission upon request.8010.15Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated April 1, 1999, granted by the Registrant to Strategic Growth International, Inc. for the right to purchase up to 240,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.20 per share. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 566,908 shares were issued to Strategic Growth International, Inc. as follows: (a) a warrant, dated April 1, 1999 for the right to purchase up to 240,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.40, (b) a warrant, dated December 22, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 213,888 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, (c) a warrant, dated February 1, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 34,028 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, (d) a warrant, dated March 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 24,305 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, and (e) a warrant, dated July 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 54,687 shares at an exercise price of $1.44. Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.9010.16Warrant Agreement, dated January 25, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., L.L.C. ("Ryan Beck") for the purchase of up to 33,750 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share. Substantially similar Warrant Agreements, dated January 25, 2000, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 116,250 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Randy Rock (20,625 shares), Michael Kollender (20,625 shares), Robert Goodwin (20,000 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (23,000 shares), Paul Cronson (23,000 shares), Meera Murdeshwar (6,000 shares), Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares), and Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.9710.17Warrant, dated December 22, 2000, issued by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the purchase of 213,889 shares of the Registrant's common stock, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001. Substantially similar Warrants, dated December 22, 2000, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 855,555 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (26,737 shares), Michael Kollender (147,048 shares), Randy Rock (147,048 shares), Robert Goodwin (166,907 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (169,908 shares), Paul Cronson (169,907 shares), Meera Murdeshwar (25,000 shares), Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares), and Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.

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Exhibit No
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Description

Sequential
Page No.

10.18Warrant Agreement, dated January 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the right to purchase up to 34,028 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated January 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 136,110 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (4,253 shares), Michael Kollender (23,394 shares), Randy Rock (23,394 shares), Robert Goodwin (26,690 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (26,689 shares), Paul Cronson (26,690 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (5,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.11810.19Warrant Agreement, dated March 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the right to purchase up to 24,306 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated March 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 97,222 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (3,038 shares), Michael Kollender (16,710 shares), Randy Rock (16,710 shares), Robert Goodwin (19,255 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (19,255 shares), Paul Cronson (19,254 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (3,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.14310.20Warrant Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Paul Cronson for the right to purchase up to 43,295 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated July 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 218,752 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (6,836 shares), Ryan Beck (54,688), Michael Kollender (37,598 shares), Randy Rock (37,598 shares), Robert Goodwin (43,294 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (43,294 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (6,837 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.168

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Exhibit No
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Description

Sequential
Page No.

10.21Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated July 30, 2001, granted by the Registrant to David Avital for the purchase of up to 143,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 4,254,566 were issued to Capital Bank (842,995 shares), CICI 1999 Qualified Annuity Trust (85,715 shares), Gerald D. Cramer (85,715 shares), CRM 1999 Enterprise Fund 3 (200,000 shares), Craig S. Eckenthal (57,143 shares), Danny Ellis Living Trust (250,000 shares), Europa International, Inc. (571,428 shares), Harvey Gelfenbein (28,571 shares), A. C. Israel Enterprises (285,715 shares), Kuekenhof Partners, L.P. (40,000), Kuekenhof Equity Fund, L.P. (60,000 shares), Jack Lahav (571,429 shares), Joseph LaMotta (28,571 shares), Jay B. Langner (28,571 shares), The F. M. Grandchildren Trust (42,857 shares), Mathers Associates (228,571 shares), Peter Melhado (115,000 shares), Pamela Equities Corp. (42,857 shares), Josef Paradis (143,000 shares), Readington Associates (57,143 shares), Dr. Ralph Richart (225,000 shares), Edward J. Rosenthal Profit Sharing Plan (28,571 shares), Yariv Sapir IRA (85,714 shares), and Bruce Wrobel (150,000 shares), respectively. Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.19310.22Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 30, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Kennerman Associates for the purchase of 15,750 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. Substantially similar warrants, dated July 30, 2001, for the purchase of an aggregate 108,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share were issued to Ryan, Beck & Co., L.L.C. (34,000 shares), Larkspur Capital Corporation (34,000 shares), and National Securities Corporation (40,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.20810.23Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P. for the purchase of up to 712,073 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. A substantially similar warrant was issued to Bridge East Capital L.P. for the right to purchase of up to 569,658 shares of the Registrant's common stock, and a copy will be provided to the Commission upon request.22023.1Consent of BDO Seidman, LLP.23123.2Consent of Conner & Winters, as contained in Exhibit 5.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.24.1Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Zwecker, Colin, Sullivan, and Lahav, as contained in the Power of Attorney of the signature page included in this Registration Statement.

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