As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 3, 2009

March 22, 2019

Registration No. 333-

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington,
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549


FORM S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Hythiam, Inc.

CATASYS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

809088-0464853

(State or other jurisdiction

of
incorporation or

organization)

11601 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1100, Los

Angeles, California 90025
(310) 444-4300

(Address, including zip code, and telephone

number, including area code, of registrant’s

principal executive offices)

(Primary Standard
Industrial Classification
Code Number)

88-0464853

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification
Number)

Hythiam,

Terren S. Peizer

Chief Executive Officer

c/o Catasys, Inc.
11150 Santa Monica

11601 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1500
1100,

Los Angeles, California 90025

(310) 444-4300

(Address,Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of
registrant’s principal executive offices)


John C. Kirkland, Esq.
Luce Forward Hamilton & Scripps LLP
601 S. Figueroa Street, 39
th Floor
Los Angeles, California 90017
(213) 892-4907
Fax: (213) 452-0835

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)


Copies to:

Mitchell S. Nussbaum, Esq.
Norwood P. Beveridge, Jr. Esq.
Lili Taheri, Esq.

Loeb & Loeb LLP
345 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10154
(212) 407-4000 (telephone number)
(212) 407-4990 (facsimile number)


Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

Statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Formform are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box:   o

box.  ☐

If any of the securities being registered on this Formform are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.  þ

If this Formform is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statementRegistration Statement number of the earlier effective registration statementRegistration Statement for the same offering.  o

If this Formform is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statementRegistration Statement number of the earlier effective registration statementRegistration Statement for the same offering.  o

If this Form is a registration statementRegistration Statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  o

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrantRegistrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of ‘‘accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☐

Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☒

    
Large accelerated filer:oAccelerated filer:þNon-accelerated filer:oSmaller reporting company:o
   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

            
 
 Title of Each Class of  Amount  Proposed Maximum  Amount of 
 Securities to be Registered  to be Registered(1)  Aggregate Offering Price (2)  Registration Fee 
 Common Stock, $0.0001 par value          
 Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value          
 Debt securities          
 Warrants          
 Units          
 Total  $20,000,000  $20,000,000  $1,116 
            
 
(1)There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, preferred stock, warrants to purchase common stock, principal amount of debt securities, and number of units as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $20,000,000. Any securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with other securities registered hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants, or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities.
(2)Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “HYTM.” On April 2, 2009, the last reported sale price of our common stock as reported on NASDAQ was $0.30 per share. Prospective purchasers of common stock are urged to obtain current information as to the market prices of our common stock. As of April 2, 2009, we had 55,074,047 shares of common stock outstanding, of which 39,891,047 shares were held by non-affiliates. Consequently, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates as of April 2, 2009 was $11,967,314. We have not sold any of our securities pursuant to General Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3 during the twelve calendar month period ending on the date of this prospectus.
(3)Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the rules and regulations under the Securities Act of 1933.

Title of each class of

securities to be registered

Amount to be Registered

(1)

Proposed

maximum

offering price per

share

Proposed

maximum

aggregate

offering

price

Amount of

registration fee

Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share

(2)(3)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value per share

(2)(3)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Debt Securities 

(2)(3)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Rights (4)

(2)(3)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Total (1)

 

$50,000,000 

(1)

$6,060(5)

(1) This Registration Statement includes $50,000,000 of securities which may be issued by the Registrant from time to time in indeterminate amounts and at indeterminate times. Securities registered hereunder may be sold separately, together or as units with other securities registered hereunder. Also, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

(2) Not required to be included in accordance with General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

(3) Subject to footnote (1), there is also being registered hereunder such indeterminate amount of securities (including shares or other classes of the Registrant’s stock that may be issued upon reclassification of unissued, authorized stock of the Registrant) as may be issued in exchange for or upon conversion of, as the case may be, the other securities registered hereunder. No separate consideration will be received for any securities registered hereunder that are issued in exchange for, or upon conversion of, as the case may be, such other securities.

(4) Each right will represent rights to purchase shares of common stock or other securities covered by this registration statement.

(5) Calculated in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act. A filing fee of $1,973.94 was previously paid as part of a registration statement on Form S-8 (Registration Number: 333-229117) filed with the Commission on January 2, 2019, which was subsequently withdrawn pursuant to Rule 477 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on February 15, 2019. Pursuant to Rule 457(p), $1,973.94 is being offset against the registration fee due in connection with this registration statement and the balance of $4,086.07 is being paid herewith.

The registrantRegistrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this RegistrantRegistration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission acting pursuant to said Section section 8(a), may determine.



 

 

 



The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed without notice.changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securitiessecurities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting offersan offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale of these securities is not permitted.

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MARCH 22, 2019

PROSPECTUS

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUSSUBJECT TO COMPLETIONAPRIL 3, 2009

$20,000,000

     (HYTHIAM LOGO)
50,000,000

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Warrants
Units

Rights

__________________

We may offer any combination of the securities described in this prospectusand sell, from time to time in the amounts, at prices and on termsone or more offerings, any combination of common stock, preferred stock, or debt securities having a maximum aggregate offering price of $50,000,000. When we decide to be determined atsell a particular class or prior to the timeseries of the offering. Wesecurities, we will provide you with specific terms of the applicable offered securities in onea prospectus supplement.

The prospectus supplement may also add, update or more supplements tochange information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus.

However, no prospectus supplement shall offer a security that is not registered and described in this prospectus at the time of its effectiveness.  You should read this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, as well as the documents incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference ininto this prospectus, carefully before you invest.
We This prospectus may not be used to offer or sell our securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement relating to the offered securities.

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CATS.” Each prospectus supplement will sellcontain information, where applicable, as to our listing on the NASDAQ Capital Market or on any other securities exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement.

These securities may be sold directly by us, through agents, dealers or underwriters asagents designated from time to time, to or through underwriters or through a combination of these methods. See “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. We may also describe the plan of distribution for any particular offering of our securities in a prospectus supplement. If any agents, dealersunderwriters or underwritersdealers are involved in the sale of any securities in respect of which this prospectus is being delivered, we will disclose their names and the securities, the relevantnature of our arrangements with them in a prospectus supplement will set forth any applicable commissions or discounts. Oursupplement. The net proceeds we expect to receive from theany such sale of securities will also be set forthincluded in the relevanta prospectus supplement.

Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “HYTM.” On April 2, 2009, the last reported sale price of our common stock as reported on NASDAQ was $0.30 per share.
Investing

An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before buyingSee the sections entitled “Risk Factors” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any securities, youQuarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as in any prospectus supplement related to these specific offerings.

We may amend or supplement this prospectus from time to time by filing amendments or supplements as required. You should read the discussion of material risks of investing in our securities in “Risk factors” beginning on page 2 of this prospectus.

entire prospectus and any amendments or supplements carefully before you make your investment decision.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacydetermined if this prospectus is truthful or accuracy of this prospectus.complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of securities unless accompanied by the applicable prospectus supplement.

The date of this prospectus is, 2009

_________, 2019

 



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of contents
PAGE

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

1

  

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

Page

2

1 

RISK FACTORS

2

3

 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

14

4

 

USE OF PROCEEDS

15

5

 

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

15

6

 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

15

17

 

LEGAL MATTERS

17

19

 

EXPERTS

20

19

 

LIMITATION ON LIABILITY AND DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

21

19

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

21

20

 

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

21
EX-4.2
EX-5.1
EX-23.2

20

i

Hythiam®, the Hythiam logo, PROMETA® and the PROMETA logo are trademarks of Hythiam, Inc. Catasys™ is a trademark of Catasys, Inc. This prospectus also contains trademarks of other companies.

 

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS


Prospectus summary
This summary highlights selected information appearing elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. This prospectus includes information about the securities we are offering as well as information regarding our business and detailed financial data. You should read this prospectus in its entirety, including the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus, before making an investment decision.
Our business
     We are a healthcare services management company, providing through our Catasys™ subsidiary behavioral health management services for substance abuse to health plans.  Catasys is focused on offering integrated substance dependence solutions, including our patented PROMETA® Treatment Program, for alcoholism and stimulant dependence. The PROMETA Treatment Program, which integrates behavioral, nutritional, and medical components, is also available on a private-pay basis through licensed treatment providers and company managed treatment centers that offer the PROMETA Treatment Program, as well as other treatments for substance dependencies. We also research, develop, license and commercialize innovative and proprietary physiological, nutritional, and behavioral treatment programs. 
Our corporate information
We are incorporated in Delaware. Our principal executive offices are located at 11150 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 1500, Los Angeles, California 90025, and our telephone number is (310) 444-4300. We maintain an Internet website athttp://www.hythiam.com.We have not incorporated by reference into this prospectus the information in, or that can be accessed through, our website, and you should not consider it to be a part of this prospectus.
About this prospectus
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3Registration Statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) utilizing(“SEC”) using a shelf“shelf” registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may offer from time to time in one or more offerings, sell such indeterminate sharessecurities having a maximum aggregate offering price of our common stock, preferred stock, debt$50,000,000. Each time we offer securities, warrants to purchase common stock, or units consisting of any combination ofwe will prepare and file with the foregoing, resulting in gross proceeds up to $20,000,000. ThisSEC a prospectus provides you with a general descriptionsupplement that describes the specific amounts, prices and terms of the securities we may offer.
Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may also include a discussion of any risk factors or other special considerations that apply to that offering. The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. If there is any inconsistency betweenprospectus or the information in this prospectus and a prospectus supplement, youdocuments incorporated herein by reference. You should rely on the information in that prospectus supplement. Before making an investment decision, you should read carefully both this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement together with additional information described below under the headingcaption “Where You Can Find AdditionalMore Information.” We may

This prospectus does not contain all the information provided in the Registration Statement we filed with the SEC. For further information about us or our securities offered hereby, you should refer to that Registration Statement, which you can obtain from the SEC as described below under “Where You Can Find More Information.”

You should rely only useon the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus to sell securities if it is accompanied by aor any prospectus supplement. We are only offering these securities in states where such offer is permitted.

We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We areThis prospectus is not making an offer to sell thesesecurities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy securities, in any statejurisdiction where such anthe offer or sale is prohibited.not permitted. You should not assume that the information containedappearing in this prospectus or any related prospectus supplement, is accurate as of any date other thanwell as information we have previously filed with the date on the front cover of this prospectus or the related prospectus supplement, or that the information contained in any documentSEC and incorporated by reference, is accurate as of any date other than the date of those documents only. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

We may sell securities through underwriters or dealers, through agents, directly to purchasers or through any combination of these methods. We and our agents reserve the documentsole right to accept or reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of securities. The prospectus supplement, which we will prepare and file with the SEC each time we offer securities, will set forth the names of any underwriters, agents or others involved in the sale of securities, and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them. See “Plan of Distribution.”

In this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated, “our company,” “Catasys,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Catasys, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.


PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This prospectus summary highlights certain information about our company and other information contained elsewhere in this prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise such information, whether as a result of new information, future events or any other reason.

1


Risk factors
You should carefully consider and evaluateThis summary does not contain all of the information in this report,that you should consider before making an investment decision. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, any prospectus supplement, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus, before making an investment decision.

The Offering

This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement that we filed with the SEC utilizing a shelf registration process. Under this shelf registration process, we may sell any combination of:

common stock;

preferred stock; 

debt securities, in one or more series; and/or

rights to purchase common stock or other securities.

in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $50,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that specific offering and include a discussion of any risk factors listed below. Risks and uncertainties in additionor other special considerations that apply to those we describe below, that may not be presently known to us, or that we currently believe are immaterial,securities. The prospectus supplement may also harm our business and operations. If any of these risks occur, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed, the price of our common stock could decline, and future events and circumstances could differ significantly from those anticipated in the forward-looking statementsadd, update or change information contained in this report.

Risks relatedprospectus. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Our Company

We harness proprietary big data predictive analytics, artificial intelligence and telehealth, combined with human intervention, to deliver improved member health and cost savings to health plans through integrated technology enabled treatment solutions. It is our business

mission to provide access to affordable and effective care, thereby improving health and reducing cost of care for people who suffer from the medical consequences of behavioral health conditions; helping these people and their families achieve and maintain better lives.

Our OnTrak solution is contracted with a growing number of national and regional health plans and is designed to treat members with behavioral conditions that cause or exacerbate co-existing medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, COPD, and congestive heart failure, which result in high medical costs.

We have a limited operating history, expect to continue to incur substantial operating losses and may be unable to obtain additional financing, causing our independent auditors to express substantial doubt about ourunique ability to continue as a going concern.

We have been unprofitable since our inception in 2003 and expect to continue to incur substantial additional operating losses and negative cash flow from operations for at least the next twelve months.  As of December 31, 2008,engage these conditions raised substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern. At December 31, 2008, cash, cash equivalents and current marketable securities amounted to $11.0 million, of which $1.1 million related to CompCare, of which we sold our entire interest in January 2009. At that date, we had a working capital deficit of approximately $11.5 million, of which $5.7 million is related to CompCare. During the year ended December 31, 2008, our cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities amounted to $29.4 million, of which $5.5 million related to CompCare. Although we have recently taken actions to decrease expenses, increase revenues and obtain additional financing, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts. We may not be successful in raising necessary funds on acceptable terms or at all, and we may not be able to offset this by sufficient reductions in expenses and increases in revenue. If this occurs, we may be unable to meet our cash obligations as they become due and we may be required to further delay or reduce operating expenses and curtail our operations, which would have a material adverse effect on us.
We may fail to successfully manage and maintain the growth of our business, which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and business
Continued expansion could put significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources. The need to comply with the rules and regulations of the SEC and The NASDAQ Global Market will continue to place significant demands on our financial and accounting staff, financial, accounting and information systems, and our internal controls and procedures, any of which may not be adequate to support our anticipated growth. We may not be able to effectively hire, train, retain, motivate and manage required personnel. Our failure to manage growth effectively could limit our ability to satisfy our reporting obligations, or achieve our marketing, commercialization and financial goals.  Recent actions to reduce costs and streamline our operations, as well as planned future cost reductions, could place further demands on our personnel, which could hinder our ability to effectively execute on our business strategies.
We will need additional funding, and we cannot guarantee that we will find adequate sources of capital in the future.
We have incurred negative cash flows from operations since inception and have expended, and expect to continue to expend, substantial funds to grow our business. We currently estimate that our existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will not be sufficient to fund our operating expenses and capital requirements for at least the next twelve months.  We will require additional funds before we achieve positive cash flows and we may never become cash flow positive.
If we raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, such financing will result in further dilution to our stockholders. Any equity securities issued also may provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise additional funds by issuing additional debt securities, these debt securities

2


would have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock, and the terms of the debt securities issued could impose significant restrictions on our operations. If we raise additional funds through collaborations and licensing arrangements, we might be required to relinquish significant rights to our technology or products, or to grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us.
Wemembers, who do not know whether additional financing will be availableotherwise seek behavioral healthcare, leveraging proprietary enrollment capabilities built on commercially acceptable terms, or at all, when needed. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on commercially acceptable terms, we may need to downsize or halt our operations and may be unable to continue developing our products.
Our investments in auction-rate securities are subject to risks which may cause losses and affectdeep insights into the liquiditydrivers of these investments.
As of December 31, 2008, our total investment in auction-rate securities (ARS) was $11.5 million. Since February 13, 2008, auctions for these securities have failed, meaning the parties desiring to sell securities could not becare avoidance matched with an adequate number of buyers, resulting in our having to continue to hold these securities. Although the securities are Aaa/AAA rated and collateralized by portfolios of student loans guaranteed by the U.S. government, based on current market conditions it is likely that auctions will continue to be unsuccessful in the short-term, limiting the liquidity of these investments until the auction succeeds, the issuer calls the securities, or they mature. The remaining maturity periods range from nineteen to thirty-eight years. As a result, our ability to liquidate our investment and fully recover the carrying value of our investment in the near term may be limited or not exist.  In December 2008, we utilized a third-party valuation firm to assist us with determining the fair market value of our ARS which was estimated to be $10.1 million, representing an estimated decline in value of $1.4 million.
In making our determination whether losses are considered to be “other-than-temporary” declines in value, we consider the following factors at each quarter-end reporting period:
How long and by how much the fair value of the ARS securities have been below cost
The financial condition of the issuers
Any downgrades of the securities by rating agencies
Default on interest or other terms
Our intent & ability to hold the ARS long enough for them to recover their value
We determined that the loss in the fair value of our ARS investments was “other-than-temporary,” in connection with our year end assessment.  Accordingly, we recognized an other-than-temporary loss in non-operating expenses of approximately $1.4 million in December 2008.  These securities will be analyzed each reporting period for additional other-than-temporary impairment factors.  Due to the current uncertainty in the credit markets and the terms of a rights offering with UBS, that we accepted in November 2008, we have classified the fair value of our ARS as long-term assets as of December 31, 2008.
In May 2008, our investment portfolio manager, UBS AG (UBS), provided us with a demand margin loan facility, allowing us to borrow up to 50% of the market value of the ARS, as determined by UBS. The margin loan facility is collateralized by the ARS.  In October 2008, UBS made a “rights” offering to its clients, pursuant to which we are entitled to sell to UBS all auction-rate securities held by us in our UBS account. The rights permit us to require UBS to purchase our ARS for a price equal to original par value plus any accrued but unpaid interest beginning on June 30, 2010 and ending on July 2, 2012 if the securities are not earlier redeemed or sold. As part of the offering, UBS would provide us a line of credit equal to 75% of the market value of the ARS until they are purchased by UBS. The line of credit has certain restrictions described in the prospectus.  We accepted this offer on November 6, 2008.  As of December 31, 2008, the outstanding balance on our line of credit was $5.7 million.  The potential lack of liquidity on these investments may affect our ability to execute our current business plan, based on our expected

3

data driven engagement technologies.


operating cash flows and our other sources of cash, and may require us to sell them before we are able to sell them to UBS pursuant to the rights offering or before they recover in value.
Our treatment programs may not be as effective as we believe them to be, which could limit our revenues and adversely affect our business
Our belief in the efficacy of our Catasys solution and PROMETA Treatment Program is based on a limited number of studies and commercial pilots that have been conducted to date and our initial experience with a relatively small number of patients. Such results may not be statistically significant, have not been subjected to close scientific scrutiny, and may not be indicative of the long-term future performance and safety of treatment with our programs. Controlled scientific studies, including those that have been announced and planned for the future, may yield results that are unfavorable or demonstrate that treatment with our programs is not clinically effective or safe. If the initially indicated results cannot be successfully replicated or maintained over time, utilization of our programs could decline substantially.
Our Catasys Program or PROMETA Treatment Program may not become widely accepted, which could limit our growth
Further marketplace acceptance of our treatment programs may largely depend upon healthcare providers’ and third-party payors’ interpretation of our limited data, the results of pending studies, or upon reviews and reports that may be given by independent researchers. In the event such research does not establish our treatment programs to be safe and effective, it is unlikely we will be able to achieve widespread market acceptance.
Disappointing results for our PROMETA Treatment Program, or failure to attain our publicly disclosed milestones, could adversely affect market acceptance and have a material adverse effect on our stock price
There are a number of studies, evaluations and pilot programs currently in progress that are evaluating our PROMETA Treatment Program, and we expect results of many to become available throughout the remainder of 2009.  Disappointing results, later-than-expected press release announcements or termination of evaluations or pilot programs could have a material adverse effect on the commercial acceptance of the PROMETA Treatment Program, our stock price and on our results of operations.  In addition, announcements regarding results, or anticipation of results, may increase volatility in our stock price. On October 24, 2007, the Pierce County Council in the State of Washington voted to end funding for PROMETA. This announcement had an immediate negative effect on our stock price, and we are unable to assess the long-term impact on our business as a result of these and similar types of events.  In addition to numerous upcoming milestones, from time to time we provide financial guidance and other forecasts to the market.  While we believe that the assumptions underlying projections and forecasts we make publicly available are reasonable, projections and forecasts are inherently subject to numerous risks and uncertainties.  Any failure to achieve milestones, or to do so in a timely manner, or to achieve publicly announced guidance and forecasts, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the price of our common stock.
Our industry is highly competitive, and we may not be able to compete successfully
The healthcare business, in general, and the substance dependence treatment business in particular, are highly competitive. We compete with many types of substance dependence treatment methods, treatment facilities and other service providers, many of whom are more established and better funded than we are. Many of these other treatment methods and facilities are well established in the same markets we target, have substantial sales volume, and are provided and marketed by companies with much greater financial resources, facilities, organization, reputation and experience than we have. The historical focus on the use of psychological or behavioral therapies, as opposed to medical or physiological treatments for substance dependence, may create further resistance to penetrating the substance dependence treatment market.

4


There are a number of companies developing or marketing medications for reducing craving in the treatment of alcoholism, including:
the addiction medication naltrexone, an opiate receptor antagonist, is marketed by a number of generic pharmaceutical companies as well as under the trade name ReVia®, for treatment of alcohol dependence;
VIVITROL®, an extended release formulation of naltrexone manufactured by Alkermes, is intended to be administered by a physician via monthly injections for the treatment of alcohol dependence in patients who are able to abstain from drinking in an outpatient setting and are not actively drinking prior to treatment initiation. Alkermes reported that in clinical trials, when used in combination with psychosocial support, VIVITROL was shown to reduce the number of drinking days and heavy drinking days and to prolong abstinence in patients who abstained from alcohol the week prior to starting treatment;
Campral® Delayed-Release Tablets (acamprosate calcium), an NMDA receptor antagonist taken two to three times per day on a chronic or long-term basis and marketed by Forest Laboratories.  Clinical studies supported the effectiveness in the maintenance of abstinence for alcohol-dependent patients who had undergone inpatient detoxification and were already abstinent from alcohol;
Topiramate (Topamax), a drug manufactured by Ortho-McNeill Jannssen, which is approved for the treatment of seizures. A multi-site clinical trial reported in October 2007 found that tropiramate significantly reduced heavy drinking days in alcohol-dependent individuals.
Our competitors may develop and introduce new processes and products that are equal or superior to our programs in treating alcohol and substance dependencies. Accordingly, we may be adversely affected by any new processes and technology developed by our competitors.
There are approximately 13,000 facilities reporting to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration that provide substance abuse treatment on an inpatient or outpatient basis. Well known examples of residential treatment programs include the Betty Ford Center®, Caron Foundation®, Hazelden® and Sierra Tucson®. In addition, individual physicians may provide substance dependence treatment in the course of their practices. While we believe our products and services are unique, we operate in highly competitive markets. We compete with other healthcare management service organizations and disease management companies, including MBHOs, HMOs, PPOs, third-party administrators and other specialty healthcare and managed care companies. Most of our competitors are significantly larger and have greater financial, marketing and other resources than us.  We believe that our ability to offer customers a comprehensive and integrated substance dependence solution, including the utilization of innovativeTrak integrates evidence-based medical and psychosocial treatments,interventions along with care coaching in a 52-week outpatient solution. The program is currently improving member health and, our unique technology platform will enable us to compete effectively.  However, there can be no assurance that we will not encounter more effective competition in the future, which would limit our ability to maintain or increase our business.
We depend on key personnel, the loss of which could impact the ability to manage our business
Our future success depends on the performance of our senior management, in particular our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Terren S. Peizer, President, Richard A. Anderson, Christopher S. Hassan, Chief Strategy Officer and Maurice S. Hebert, Chief Financial Officer. Messrs. Peizer, Anderson, Hassan and Hebert are each a party to employment agreements which, subject to termination for cause or good reason, have various remaining terms with renewable options. The loss of the services of any key member of management could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
We may be subject to future litigation, which could result in substantial liabilities that may exceed our insurance coverage
All significant medical treatments and procedures, including treatment utilizing our programs, involve the risk of serious injury or death. Even under proper medical supervision, withdrawal from alcohol may cause severe physical reactions. While we have not been the subject of any such claims, our business entails an inherent risk of claims for personal injuries and substantial damage awards. We cannot control whether individual physicians will apply the

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appropriate standard of care, or conform to our treatment programs in determining how to treat their patients. While our agreements typically require physicians to indemnify us for their negligence, there can be no assurance they will be willing and financially able to do so if claims are made. In addition, our license agreements require us to indemnify physicians, hospitals or their affiliates for losses resulting from our negligence.
We currently have insurance coverage for up to $5 million per year, in the aggregate, for personal injury claims. We maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage, subject to a self insured retention of between $0 to $250,000 per claim.  We may not be able to maintain adequate liability insurance at acceptable costs or on favorable terms. We expect that liability insurance will be more difficult to obtain and that premiums will increase over time and as the volume of patients treated with our programs increases. In the event of litigation, we may sustain significant damages or settlement expense (regardless of a claim’s merit), litigation expense and significant harm to our reputation.
If government and third-party payors fail to provide coverage and adequate payment rates for treatment using our treatment programs, our revenue and prospects for profitability will be harmed
Our future revenue growth will depend in part upon the availability of reimbursement for treatment or other forms of payment for using our programs from third-party payors such as government health programs including Medicare and Medicaid, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. To date, we have received an insignificant amount of revenue from our Catasys substance dependence programs from governmental payors, managed care organizations and other third-party payors, and acceptance of our Catasys substance dependence programs is important to the future prospects of our business. In addition, third-party payors are increasingly attempting to contain healthcare costs, and may not cover or provide adequate payment for treatment using our programs. Adequate third-party reimbursement might not be available to enable us to realize an appropriate return on investment in research and product development, and the lack of such reimbursement could have a material adverse effect on our operations and could adversely affect our revenues and earnings.
We may not be able to achieve promised savings for our Catasys contracts, which could result in pricing levels insuffiicient to cover our costs or ensure profitability
We anticipate that many or all of our Catasys contracts will be based upon anticipated or guaranteed levels of savings for our customers or meeting other operational metrics.  If we are unable to achieve the promised savings or operational metrics, we may be required to refund from the amount of fees paid to us any difference between savings that were guaranteed and the savings, if any, that were actually achieved.  Accordingly, during or at the end of the contract terms, we may be required to refund some or all of the fees paid for our services.  This exposes us to significant risk that contracts negotiatedsame time, is demonstrating reduced inpatient and entered into may ultimately be unprofitable. In addition, managed care operations are at risk for costs incurred to provide agreed upon services under our program. Failure to anticipate or control costs therefore could have material, adverse effects on our business.
Our international operations may be subject to foreign regulation, and the success of our foreign operations will depend on many factors
The criteria of foreign laws, regulations and requirements are often vague and subject to change and interpretation. Our international operations may become the subject of foreign regulatory, civil, criminal or other investigations or proceedings, and our interpretations of applicable laws and regulations may be challenged. The defense of any such challenge could result in substantial cost andemergency room utilization, driving a diversion of management’s time and attention, regardless of whether it ultimately is successful. If we fail to comply with any applicable international laws, or a determination is made that we have failed to comply with these laws, our financial condition and results of operations, including our domestic operations, could be adversely affected.
In addition, the private pay healthcare system in Europe is not as developed as in the U.S and as a result it may be more difficult to convince patients in these countries to pay substantial amounts for treatment. We will be reliant on relationships that we establish with local companies, thought leaders and governments. There can be no assurance

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we will be able to establish these relationships, maintain them or that the partners will retain their influence in the market. It may take longer than we expect to commence operations or to operate our business at profitable levels as we do not have the established relationships and or knowledge of the regulations and business practices in the markets we are in or entering.
In 2008, we significantly reduced our operations and presence in Europe in order to reduce costs and better focus our efforts on pursuing U.S.-based business strategies.
Our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards may be limited
As of December 31, 2008, we had net operating loss carryforwards (NOLs) of approximately $126.4 million for federal income tax purposes that will begin to expire in 2023. These NOLs may be used to offset future taxable income, to the extent we generate any taxable income, and thereby reduce or eliminate our future federal income taxes otherwise payable. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes limitations on a corporation’s ability to utilize NOLs if it experiences an ownership change as defined in Section 382.  In general terms, an ownership change may result from transactions increasing the ownership of certain stockholders in the stock of a corporation by more than 50 percent overreduction in total health insurers' costs for enrolled members. OnTrak is available to members of several leading health plans in California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

Our principal executive offices are located at 11601 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1100, Los Angeles, California 90025. Our website is located at www.Catasys.com, and our telephone number is (310) 444-4300. Information found on, or accessible through, our website is not a three-year period. Inpart of, and is not incorporated into, this prospectus, and you should not consider it part of this prospectus or part of any prospectus supplement. Our website address is included in this document as an inactive textual reference only.


RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves risk. The prospectus supplement applicable to a particular offering of securities will contain a discussion of the event that an ownership change has occurred, or were to occur, utilization of our NOLs would be subjectrisks applicable to an annual limitationinvestment in Catasys and to the particular types of securities that we are offering under Section 382 determinedthat prospectus supplement. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described under “Risk Factors” in the applicable prospectus supplement and the risks described in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by multiplying the value ofreference, or any updates in our stock at the timeQuarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, together with all of the ownership changeother information appearing in or incorporated by the applicable long-term tax-exempt rate as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. Any unused annual limitation may be carried over to later years.  We may be found to have experienced an ownership change under Section 382 as a result of events in the past or the issuance of shares of common stock upon a conversion of notes, or a combination thereof.  If so, the use of our NOLs, or a portion thereof, against our future taxable income may be subject to an annual limitation under Section 382, which may result in expiration of a portion of our NOLs before utilization.

Risks related to our intellectual property
We may not be able to adequately protect the proprietary PROMETA Treatment Program which is important to our business
We consider the protection of our proprietary PROMETA Treatment Program to be critical to our business prospects. We obtained the rights to some of our most significant PROMETA technologies through an agreement that is subject to a number of conditions and restrictions, and a breach or termination of that agreement or the bankruptcy of any party to that agreement could significantly impact our ability to use and develop our technologies.  While we have two issued U.S. patents, one relating to the treatment of cocaine dependency with our PROMETA Treatment Program and one relating to our PROMETA Treatment Program for the treatment of certain symptoms associated with alcohol dependency, we currently have no issued U.S. patents covering our PROMETA Treatment Program for the treatment of methamphetamine dependency. The patent applications we have licensed or filed may not issue as patents,reference into this prospectus and any issued patents may be too narrowapplicable prospectus supplement, in scope to provide us with a competitive advantage.light of your particular investment objectives and financial circumstances. Our patent position is uncertain and includes complex factual and legal issues, including the existence of prior art that may preclude or limit the scope of patent protection. Issued patents will generally expire twenty years after their priority date.  Our two issued U.S. patents will expire in 2021. Further, our patents and pending applications for patents and other intellectual property have been pledged as collateral to secure our obligations to pay certain debts, and our default with respect to those obligations could result in the transfer of our patents to our creditor.  In the event of such a transfer, we may be unable to continue to operate our business.
Patent examiners may reject our patent applications and thereby prevent us from receiving more patents. Competitors, licensees and others may challenge our patents and, if successful, our patents may be denied, subjected to reexamination, rendered unenforceable, or invalidated. The cost of litigation to uphold the validity of patents, and to protect and prevent infringement can be substantial. We may not be able to adequately protect the aspects of our treatment programs that are not patented or have only limited patent protection. Furthermore, competitors and others may independently develop similar or more advanced treatment programs and technologies, may design around aspects of our technology, or may discover or duplicate our trade secrets and proprietary methods.

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To the extent we utilize processes and technology that constitute trade secrets under applicable laws, we must implement appropriate levels of security to ensure protection of such laws, which we may not do effectively. Policing compliance with our confidentiality agreements and unauthorized use of our technology is difficult. In addition, the laws of many foreign countries do not protect proprietary rights as fully as the laws of the United States. The loss of any of our trade secrets or proprietary rights which may be protected under the foregoing intellectual property safeguards may result in the loss of our competitive advantage over present and potential competitors. Our intellectual property may not prove to be an effective barrier to competition, in which case our business could be materially adversely affected.
Our pending patent applications disclose and claim various approaches to the use of the PROMETA Treatment Program.  There is no assurance that we will receive one or more patents from these pending applications, or that, even if we receive one or more patents, the patent claims will be sufficiently broad to create patent infringement liability for competitors using treatment programs similar to the PROMETA Treatment Program.
Confidentiality agreements with employees, licensees and others may not adequately prevent disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information
In order to protect our proprietary technology and processes, we rely in part on confidentiality provisions in our agreements with employees, licensees, treating physicians and others. These agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure of confidential information. In addition, others may independently discover trade secrets and proprietary information. Costly and time-consuming litigation could be necessary to enforce and determine the scope of our proprietary rights, and failure to obtain or maintain trade secret protection could adversely affect our competitive business position. We have had three instances in which it was necessary to send a formal demand to cease and desist using our programs to treat patients due to breach of confidentiality provisions in our agreements, and in one instance have had to file suit to enforce these provisions.
We may be subject to claims that we infringe the intellectual property rights of others, and unfavorable outcomes could harm our business
Our future operations may be subject to claims, and potential litigation, arising from our alleged infringement of patents, trade secrets or copyrights owned by other third parties. Within the healthcare, drug and bio-technology industry, many companies actively pursue infringement claims and litigation, which makes the entry of competitive products more difficult. We may experience claims or litigation initiated by existing, better-funded competitors and by other third parties. Court-ordered injunctions may prevent us from continuing to market existing products or from bringing new products to market and the outcome of litigation and any resulting loss of revenues and expenses of litigation may substantially affect our ability to meet our expenses and continue operations.
Risks related to our industry
Our policies and procedures may not fully comply with complex and increasing regulation by state and federal authorities, which could negatively impact our business operations
Our PROMETA Treatment Program has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and while the drugs incorporated in the PROMETA Treatment Program have been approved for other indications, they are not FDA approved for the treatment of alcohol or substance dependency. We have not sought, and do not currently intend to seek, FDA approval for the PROMETA Treatment Program.  It is possible that in the future the FDA could require us to seek FDA approval for the PROMETA Treatment Program.
The healthcare industry is highly regulated and continues to undergo significant changes as third-party payors, such as Medicare and Medicaid, traditional indemnity insurers, managed care organizations and other private payors increase efforts to control cost, utilization and delivery of healthcare services. Healthcare companies are subject to

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extensive and complex federal, state and local laws, regulations and judicial decisions. The U.S. Congress and state legislatures are considering legislation that could limit funding to our licensees.  In addition, the FDA regulates development, testing, labeling, manufacturing, marketing, promotion, distribution, record-keeping and reporting requirements for prescription drugs, medical devices and biologics. Other regulatory requirements apply to dietary supplements, including vitamins. Compliance with laws and regulations enforced by regulatory agencies that have broad discretion in applying them may be required for our programs or other medical programs or services developed or used by us. Many healthcare laws and regulations applicable to our business are complex, applied broadly and subject to interpretation by courts and government agencies. Regulatory, political and legal action and pricing pressures could prevent us from marketing some or all of our products and services for a period of time or permanently. Our failure, or the failure of our licensees, to comply with applicable regulations may result in the imposition of civil or criminal sanctions that we cannot afford, or require redesign or withdrawal of our programs from the market.
We may be subject to regulatory, enforcement and investigative proceedings, which could adversely affect our financial condition or operations
We could become the subject of regulatory, enforcement, or other investigations or proceedings, and our relationships, business structure, and interpretations of applicable laws and regulations may be challenged. The defense of any such challenge could result in substantial cost and a diversion of management’s time and attention. In addition, any such challenges could require significant changes to how we conduct our business. Any such challenge could have a material adverse effect on our business, regardless of whether it ultimately is successful. If determination is made that we have failed to comply with any applicable laws, our business, financial condition andor results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
The promotion of our treatment programs may be found to violate federal law concerning off-label uses of prescription drugs, which could prevent us from marketing our programs
Generally, the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic (FDC) Act, requires that a prescription drug be approvedaffected by the FDA for a specific indication before the product can be distributed in interstate commerce.  Although the FDC Act does not prohibit a doctor’s use of a drug for another indication (this is referred to as off-label use), it does prohibit the promotion of a drug product for an unapproved use. The FDA also permits the non-promotional discussion of information related to off-label use in the context of scientific or medical communications. Our treatment programs include the use of prescription drugs that have been approved by the FDA, but not for the treatment of chemical dependence and drug addiction, which is how the drugs are used in our programs. Although we carefully structure our communications in a way that is intended to comply with the the FDC Act and FDA regulations, it is possible that our actions could be found to violate the prohibition on off-label promotion of drugs. In addition, the FDC Act imposes limits on the types of claims that may be made for a dietary supplement, and the promotion of a dietary supplement beyond such claims may also be seen as the unlawful promotion of a drug product for an unapproved use. Because our treatment programs also include the use of nutritional supplements, it is possible that claims made for those products could also put us at risk of FDA enforcement for making unlawful claims.
Violations of the FDC Act or FDA regulations can result in a range of sanctions, including administrative actions by the FDA (such as issuance of a Warning Letter), seizure of product, issuance of an injunction prohibiting future violations, and imposition of criminal or civil penalties. A successful enforcement action could prevent promotion of our treatment programs and we may be unable to continue operating under our current business model. Even if we defeat an enforcement action, the expenses associated with doing so, as well as the negative publicity concerning the “off-label” use of drugs in our treatment programs, could adversely affect our business and results of operation.
The FDA has recently increased enforcement efforts in the area of promotion of “off-label” use of drugs, and we cannot assure you that our business practices or third party clinical trials will not come under scrutiny.

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Treatment using our programs may be found to require FDA or other review or approval, which could delay or prevent the study or use of our treatment programs
Under authority of the FDC Act, the FDA extensively regulates entities and individuals engaged in the conduct of clinical trials, which broadly includes experiments in which a drug is administered to humans.  FDA regulations require, among other things, submission of a clinical trial treatment program for FDA review, obtaining from the agency an investigational new drug (IND) exemption before initiating a clinical trial, obtaining appropriate informed consent from study subjects, having the study approved and subject to continuing review by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), and reporting to the FDA safety information regarding the conduct of the trial.  Certain third parties have engaged or are engaging in the use of our treatment program and the collection of outcomes data in ways that may be considered to constitute a clinical trial, and that may be subject to FDA regulations and require IRB approval and oversight.  In addition, it is possible that use of our treatment program by individual physicians in treating their patients may be found to constitute a clinical trial or investigation that requires IRB review or submission of an IND or is otherwise subject to regulation by FDA.  FDA has authority to inspect clinical investigation sites and IRBs, and to take action with regard to any violations.  Violations of FDA regulations regarding clinical trials can result in a range of actions, including suspension of the trial, prohibiting the clinical investigator from ever participating in clinical trials, and criminal prosecution.  Individual hospitals and physicians may also submit their use of our treatment programs to their IRBs, which may prohibit or place restrictions on it.  FDA enforcement actions or IRB restrictions could adversely affect our business and the ability of our customers to use our treatment programs.
The FDA has recently increased enforcement efforts regarding clinical trials, and we cannot assure you that the activities of our customers or others using our treatment programs will not come under scrutiny.
Failure to comply with FTC or similar state laws could result in sanctions or limit the claims we can make
Our promotional activities and materials, including advertising to consumers and professionals, and materials provided to licensees for their use in promoting our treatment programs, are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) under the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair and deceptive acts and practices, including claims which are false, misleading or inadequately substantiated. The FTC typically requires competent and reliable scientific tests or studies to substantiate express or implied claims that a product or service is safe or effective. If the FTC were to interpret our promotional materials as making express or implied claims that our treatment programs are safe or effective for the treatment of alcohol, cocaine or methamphetamine addiction, or any other claims, it may find that we do not have adequate substantiation for such claims. Allegations of a failure to comply with the FTC Act or similar laws enforced by state attorneys general and other state and local officials could result in administrative or judicial orders limiting or eliminating the claims we can make about our treatment programs, and other sanctions including substantial financial penalties.
Our business practices may be found to constitute illegal fee-splitting or corporate practice of medicine, which may lead to penalties and adversely affect our business
Many states, including California in which our principal executive offices and one of our managed treatment centers is located, have laws that prohibit business corporations, such as us, from practicing medicine, exercising control over medical judgments or decisions of physicians, or engaging in arrangements with physicians such as employment, payment for referrals or fee-splitting. Courts, regulatory authorities or other parties, including physicians, may assert that we are engaged in the unlawful corporate practice of medicine by providing administrative and other services in connection with our treatment programs or by consolidating the revenues of the physician practices we manage, or that licensing our technology for a license fee that could be characterized as a portion of the patient fees, or subleasing space and providing turn-key business management to affiliated medical groups in exchange for management and licensing fees, constitute improper fee-splitting or payment for referrals, in which case we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties, our contracts could be found invalid and unenforceable, in whole or in part, or we could be required to restructure our contractual arrangements. If so, we may be unable to restructure our contractual arrangements on favorable terms, which would adversely affect our business and operations.

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Our business practices may be found to violate anti-kickback, physician self-referral or false claims laws, which may lead to penalties and adversely affect our business
The healthcare industry is subject to extensive federal and state regulation with respect to financial relationships and kickbacks involving healthcare providers, physician self-referral arrangements, filing of false claims and other fraud and abuse issues. Federal anti-kickback laws and regulations prohibit offers, payments, solicitations, or receipts of remuneration in return for (i) referring patients for items or services covered by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal healthcare programs, or (ii) purchasing, leasing, ordering or arranging for or recommending any service, good, item or facility for which payment may be made by a federal health care program. In addition, subject to numerous exceptions, federal physician self-referral legislation, commonly known as the Stark law, generally prohibits a physician from referring patients for  certain designated health services reimbursable by Medicare or Medicaid  from any entity with which the physician has a financial relationship, and many states have analogous laws. Other federal and state laws govern the submission of claims for reimbursement, or false claims laws. One of the most prominent of these laws is the federal Civil False Claims Act, and violations of other laws, such as the federal anti-kickback law or the FDA prohibitions against promotion of off-label uses of drugs, may also be prosecuted as violations of the Civil False Claims Act.
Federal or state authorities may claim that our fee arrangements, agreements and relationships with contractors, hospitals and physicians violate these laws and regulations. Violations of these laws may be punishable by monetary fines, civil and criminal penalties, exclusion from participation in government-sponsored healthcare programs and forfeiture of amounts collected in violation of such laws. If our business practices are found to violate any of these provisions, we may be unable to continue with our relationships or implement our business plans, which would have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We may be subject to healthcare anti-fraud initiatives, which may lead to penalties and adversely affect our business
State and federal governments are devoting increased attention and resources to anti-fraud initiatives against healthcare providers, and may take an expansive definition of fraud that includes receiving fees in connection with a healthcare business that is found to violate any of the complex regulations described above. While to our knowledge we have not been the subject of any anti-fraud investigations, if such a claim were made defending our business practices could be time consuming and expensive, and an adverse finding could result in substantial penalties or require us to restructure our operations, which we may not be able to do successfully.
Our use and disclosure of patient information is subject to privacy and security regulations, which may result in increased costs
In conducting research or providing administrative services to healthcare providers in connection with the use of our treatment programs, we may collect, use, disclose, maintain and transmit patient information in ways that will be subject to many of the numerous state, federal and international laws and regulations governing the collection, use, disclosure, storage, transmission and/or confidentiality of patient-identifiable health information, including the administrative simplification requirements of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and its implementing regulations (HIPAA).risks. The HIPAA Privacy Rule restricts the use and disclosure of patient information, and requires safeguarding that information. The HIPAA Security Rule establishes elaborate requirements for safeguarding patient information transmitted or stored electronically.  HIPAA applies to covered entities, which may include healthcare facilities and does include health plans that will contract for the use of our programs and our services. The HIPAA rules require covered entities to bind contractors like us to compliance with certain burdensome HIPAA rule requirements known as business associate requirements. If we are providing management services that include electronic billing on behalf of a physician practice or facility that is a covered entity, we may be required to conduct those electronic transactions in accordance with the HIPAA regulations governing the form and format of those transactions (HIPAA Transactions Rule). Other federal and state laws restricting the use and protecting the privacy and security of patient information also apply to our licensees directly and in some cases to us, either directly or indirectly. We may be required to make costly system purchases and modifications to comply with the HIPAA rule requirements that are imposed on us and our failure to comply may result in liability and adversely affect our business.

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Federal and state consumer protection laws are being applied increasingly by the FTC and state attorneys general to regulate the collection, use, storage, and disclosure of personal or patient information, through web sites or otherwise, and to regulate the presentation of web site content. Courts may also adopt the standards for fair information practices promulgated by the FTC, which concern consumer notice, choice, security and access. Numerous other federal and state laws protect the confidentiality and security of personal and patient information. Other countries also have, or are developing laws governing the collection, use, disclosure and transmission of personal or patient information and these laws could create liability for us or increase our cost of doing business.
Our business arrangements with health care providers may be deemed to be franchises, which could negatively impact our business operations
Franchise arrangements in the United States are subject to rules and regulations of the FTC and various state laws relating to the offer and sale of franchises.  A number of the states in which we operate regulate the sale of franchises and require registration of the franchise offering circular with state authorities and the delivery of a franchise offering circular to prospective franchisees.  State franchise laws often limit, among other things, the duration and scope of non-competitive provisions, the ability of a franchisor to terminate or refuse to renew a franchise and the ability of a franchisor to designate sources of supply.  Franchise laws and regulations are complex, apply broadly and are subject to interpretation by courts and government agencies.  Federal or state authorities or healthcare providers with whom we contract may claim that the agreements under which we license rights to our technology and trademarks and provide services violate these laws and regulations. Violations of these laws are punishable by monetary fines, civil and criminal penalties, and forfeiture of amounts collected in violation of such laws. If our business practices are found to constitute franchises, we could be subject to civil and criminal penalties, our contracts could be found invalid and unenforceable, in whole or in part, or we could be required to restructure our contractual arrangements.  We may be unable to continue with our relationships or restructure them on favorable terms, which would have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.  We may also be required to furnish prospective franchisees with a franchise offering circular containing prescribed information, and restrict how we market to or deal with healthcare providers, potentially limiting and substantially increasing our cost of doing business.
Risks related to our common stock
Approximately 25% of our stock is controlled by our chairman and chief executive officer, who has the ability to substantially influence the election of directors and other matters submitted to stockholders
Reserva Capital, LLC and Bonmore, LLC, whose sole managing member is our chairman and chief executive officer, beneficially own 13,600,000 shares of our common stock, which represent 24.7% of our 55,074,000 shares outstanding as of March 27, 2009. As a result, he has and is expected to continue to have the ability to significantly influence the election of our Board of Directors and the outcome of all other issues submitted to our stockholders. The interests of these principal stockholders may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other stockholders, and they may act in a manner that advances his best interests and not necessarily those of other stockholders. One consequence to this substantial influence or control is that it may be difficult for investors to remove management of the company. It could also deter unsolicited takeovers, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices.
Our stock price may be subject to substantial volatility, and the value of your investment may decline
Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Global Market, and trading volume may be limited or sporadic.  The market price of our common stock has experienced, and may continue to experience, substantial volatility. Over 2008, our common stock has traded between $0.39 and $3.14 per share, on volume ranging from approximately 6,100 to 3.9 million shares per day.  As a result, the current price for our common stock on NASDAQ is not necessarily a reliable indicator of our fair market value. The price at which our common stock will trade may fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including the number of shares available for sale in the market, quarterly variations in our operating results and actual or anticipated announcements of pilots and scientific studies of the

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effectiveness of our PROMETA Treatment Program, our Catasys Program, new products or services by us or competitors, regulatory investigations or determinations, acquisitions or strategic alliances by us or our competitors, recruitment or departures of key personnel, the gain or loss of significant customers, changes in the estimates of our operating performance, actual or threatened litigation, market conditions in our industry and the economy as a whole.
Volatility in the price of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Market may depress the trading price of our common stock.  The risk of volatility and depressed prices of our common stock also applies to warrant holders who receive shares of common stock upon conversion.
Numerous factors, including many over which we have no control, may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock, including:
announcements of new products or services by us or our competitors; current events affecting the political, economic and social situation in the United States and other countries where we operate;
trends in our industry and the markets in which we operate;
changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts;
acquisitions and financings by us or our competitors;
the gain or loss of a significant customer;
quarterly variations in operating results;
volatility in exchanges rate between the US dollar and the currencies of the foreign countries in which we operate;
further challenges or declines in the credit or financial market;
the operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors may consider to be comparable; and
purchases or sales of blocks of our securities.
Furthermore, stockholders may initiate securities class action lawsuits if the market price of our stock drops significantly, which may cause us to incur substantial costs and could divert the time and attention of our management.
Future sales of common stock by existing stockholders, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress our stock price
The market price of our common stock could decline as a resultdue to any of sales by,these risks, and you may lose all or the perceived possibilitypart of sales by, our existing stockholders.  We have completed a number of private placements of our common stock and other securities over the last several years, and we have effective resale registration statements pursuant to which the purchasers can freely resell their shares into the market.  In addition, most of our outstanding shares are eligible for public resale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.  Approximately 15 million shares of our common stock are currently held by our affiliates and may be sold pursuant to an effective registration statement or in accordance with the volume and other limitations of Rule 144 or pursuant to other exempt transactions.  Future sales of common stock by significant stockholders, including those who acquired their shares in private placements or who are affiliates, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress the price of our common stock.your investment.


Future issuances of common stock and hedging activities may depress the trading price of our common stock
Any future issuance of equity securities, including the issuance of shares upon exercise of outstanding warrants, could dilute the interests of our existing stockholders, and could substantially decrease the trading price of our common stock.  We currently have outstanding approximately 11 million warrants and options to acquire our common stock at prices between $0.59 and $9.20 per share.   We may issue equity securities in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business strategy, in connection with acquisitions, to adjust our ratio of debt to equity, to satisfy our obligations upon the exercise of outstanding warrants or options or for other reasons.

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 SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Additionally, we have outstanding warrants to acquire up to 1,300,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $2.15 per share which contain anti-dilution adjustments that will be triggered if we sell shares of common stock for less than $2.15.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation, bylaws, charter documents and Delaware law could discourage a change in control, or an acquisition of us by a third party, even if the acquisition would be favorable to you, thereby and adversely affect existing stockholders
Our certificate of incorporation and the Delaware General Corporation Law contain provisions that may have the effect of making more difficult or delaying attempts by others to obtain control of our company, even when these attempts may be in the best interests of stockholders. For example, our certificate of incorporation authorizes our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, to issue one or more series of preferred stock, which could have voting and conversion rights that adversely affect or dilute the voting power of the holders of common stock. Delaware law also imposes conditions on certain business combination transactions with “interested stockholders.”
These provisions and others that could be adopted in the future could deter unsolicited takeovers or delay or prevent changes in our control or management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over then current market prices. These provisions may also limit the ability of stockholders to approve transactions that they may deem to be in their best interests.
We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, and accordingly you must rely on stock appreciation for any return on your investment
We have paid no cash dividends on our common stock to date, and we currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to fund the continued development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.  Further, any payment of cash dividends will also depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other factors, including contractual restrictions to which we may be subject, and will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors.
Special note regarding forward-looking statements
This prospectus including the documents that we incorporate by reference, contain forward-looking statementscontains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, and within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that are subject to the “safe harbor” created by those sections.or Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements include statementsreflect the current view about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, intentions, assumptions and other statements that are not historical facts. Words or phrases such asfuture events. When used in this prospectus, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,“future,“may,“intend,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project” or similar words or phrases, or the negativesnegative of those wordsthese terms and similar expressions, as they relate to us or phrases, mayour management, identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Examples of forward-lookingstatements. Such statements, include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the following:
the anticipated results of clinical studies on the efficacy of our treatment programs, and the publication of those results in medical journals
plans to have our treatment programs approved for reimbursement by third-party payers
plans to license our treatment programs to more hospitals and healthcare providers
marketing plans to raise awareness of our PROMETA treatment programs
anticipated trends and conditions in the industry in which we operate, including regulatory changes
our future operating results, capital needs, and ability to obtain financing.
contained in this prospectus relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to known and unknowninherent uncertainties, risks and uncertainties andchanges in circumstances that are baseddifficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We caution you therefore against relying on potentially inaccurate assumptionsany of these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expectedin the forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the results of clinical trials and the regulatory approval process; our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; market acceptance of any products that may be approved for commercialization; our ability to protect our intellectual property rights; the impact of any infringement actions or implied byother litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop and commercialize new and improved products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the

14


forward-looking statements. Our risks contained in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of the applicable prospectus supplement) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results couldmay differ materiallysignificantly from those anticipated, in forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the factors described in the section titled “Risk factors” in this prospectus. Accordingly, you should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statement to reflect circumstancesbelieved, estimated, expected, intended or planned.

Factors or events after the date of this prospectus orthat could cause our actual results to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we filediffer may emerge from time to time, withand it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the SEC. See “Where you can find more information.”

Usesecurities laws of proceeds
Unlessthe United States, we statedo not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of cash dividends, if any, in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on applicable law and then-existing conditions, including our financial condition, operating results, contractual restrictions, capital requirements, business prospects and other factors our board of directors may deem relevant. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business.


USE OF PROCEEDS

Except as otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we expectintend to use the net proceeds from the sale of ourthe securities covered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include, but is not limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, working capital needsresearch and development expenditures and acquisitions of new technologies or businesses. The precise amount, use and timing of the application of such proceeds will depend upon our funding requirements and the availability and cost of other general corporate purposes.

Pending any ultimatecapital. Additional information on the use of any portionnet proceeds from an offering of securities covered by this prospectus may be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the specific offering.


DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SECURITIES WE MAY OFFER

The descriptions of the proceedssecurities contained in this prospectus, together with any applicable prospectus supplement, summarize all the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering the specific terms of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement. We will indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement if the terms of the securities differ from this offering,the terms we intend to investhave summarized below. We will also include in the proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, including short-term, interest-bearing instruments such asprospectus supplement information, where applicable, material United States government securities and municipal bonds.

Ratio of earningsfederal income tax considerations relating to fixed charges
For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004, earnings were insufficient to cover fixed charges by $______, $______, $______, $______, and $______respectively.
Plan of distribution
securities.

We may offer and sell the securities describedfrom time to time, in this prospectus:

one or more offerings:

 

shares of our common stock; 

shares of our preferred stock; 

debt securities, in one or more series; and/or

 through agents;
 
 

rights to purchase common stock or other securities.

This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.

Capital Stock

General

The following description of common stock and preferred stock, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the common stock and preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus but is not complete. For the complete terms of our common stock and preferred stock, please refer to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, as may be amended from time to time, any certificates of designation for our preferred stock, that may be authorized from time to time, and our bylaws, as amended from time to time. The Delaware General Corporation Law may also affect the terms of these securities. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future common stock or preferred stock that we may offer, we will describe the specific terms of any series of these securities in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we so indicate in a prospectus supplement, the terms of any common stock or preferred stock we offer under that prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below.

As of March 19, 2019, our authorized capital stock consists of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 16,205,146 shares were issued and outstanding, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, none of which were issued and outstanding. The authorized and unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange on which our securities may be listed. Unless approval of our stockholders is so required, our board of directors will not seek stockholder approval for the issuance and sale of our common stock.

Common Stock

Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders, including the election of directors. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws do not provide for cumulative voting rights. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then outstanding preferred stock, the holders of our outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of common stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities, subject to the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any outstanding shares of preferred stock. Holders of our common stock have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred stock that are outstanding or that we may designate and issue in the future. All of our outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable.


Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CATS.” The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, New York, New York.

Options/Warrants

As of March 19, 2019, we had outstanding options to purchase 4,341,116 shares of our common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $9.62 and outstanding warrants to purchase 1,584,829 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $4.67.

Preferred Stock

Under our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of directors has authority to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, none of which were issued and outstanding. Our board of directors may also determine or alter for each class of preferred stock the voting powers, designations, preferences, and special rights, qualifications, limitations, or restrictions as permitted by law. Our board of directors may authorize the issuance of preferred stock with voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the common stock. Issuing preferred stock provides flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, but could also, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company and may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the voting and other rights of the holders of common stock.

Our board of directors will fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series that we issue in the certificate of designation relating to that series.  We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part the form of any certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock to be offered under this prospectus.  This description of the preferred stock in the certificate of designation and any applicable prospectus supplement will include:

 through

the title and stated value;

the number of shares being offered;

the liquidation preference per share;

the purchase price per share;

the currency for which the shares may be purchased;

the dividend rate per share, dividend period and payment dates and method of calculation for dividends;

whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends will accumulate;

our right, if any, to defer payment of dividends and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;


the provisions for a sinking fund, if any;

the provisions for redemption or repurchase, if applicable, and any restrictions on our ability to exercise those redemption and repurchase rights;

any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or market;

whether the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock or other securities of ours, and, if applicable, the conversion period, the conversion price, or how it will be calculated, and under what circumstances it may be adjusted;

voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;

preemption rights, if any;

restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;

a discussion of any material or special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;

the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs;

any limitations on issuances of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock being issued as to dividend rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; and

any other specific terms, rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications or restrictions of the preferred stock.

When we issue shares of preferred stock, the shares will be fully paid and non-assessable.

Certain Anti-Takeover Effects of Delaware Law and Provisions of Our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws include a number of provisions that may have the effect of encouraging persons considering unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover proposals to negotiate with our board of directors rather than pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts. These provisions include:

Removal of directors and filling board vacancies. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that, subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock then outstanding, directors may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the voting power of all the outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors voting together as a single class. Furthermore, any vacancy on our board of directors, however occurring, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the size of our board, may only be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of our directors then in office even if less than a quorum, or by the sole remaining director.

No written consent of stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation provides that all stockholder actions are required to be taken by a vote of the stockholders at an annual or special meeting, and that stockholders may not take any action by written consent in lieu of a meeting.

Meetings of stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws provide that only a majority of the members of our board of directors then in office in which a quorum is present, the Chairman of the board of directors, or the President, may call special meetings of stockholders and only those matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered or acted upon at a special meeting of stockholders. A majority of the total number of authorized directors shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the board of directors. Our bylaws limit the business that may be conducted at an annual meeting of stockholders to those matters properly brought before the meeting.


Advance notice requirements. Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the nomination of candidates for election as directors or new business to be brought before meetings of our stockholders. These procedures provide that notice of stockholder proposals must be timely given in writing to our corporate secretary prior to the meeting at which the action is to be taken. Generally, to be timely, notice must be received at our principal executive offices not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day, nor later than the close of business on the 90th day, prior to the first anniversary date of the annual meeting for the preceding year. The notice must contain certain information specified in the bylaws.

Amendment to bylaws and certificate of incorporation. As required by the Delaware General Corporation Law, any amendment of our certificate of incorporation must first be approved by a majority of our board of directors and, if required by law or our certificate of incorporation, thereafter be approved by a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote on the amendment, and a majority of the outstanding shares of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class, except that the amendment of the provisions relating to stockholder action, directors, limitation of director liability and the amendment of our bylaws and certificate of incorporation must be approved by no less than 66 2/3 percent of the voting power of all of the shares of capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote generally in any election of directors, voting together as a single class. Our bylaws may be amended by the affirmative vote of a majority vote of the directors then in office, subject to any limitations set forth in the bylaws; and may also be amended by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3 percent of the voting power of all of the shares of capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote generally in any election of directors, voting together as a single class.

Blank check preferred stock. Our certificate of incorporation authorizes 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The existence of authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock may enable our board of directors to render more difficult or to discourage an attempt to obtain control of us by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest, or otherwise. For example, if in the due exercise of its fiduciary obligations, our board of directors were to determine that a takeover proposal is not in the best interests of us or our stockholders, our board of directors could cause shares of preferred stock to be issued without stockholder approval in one or more underwritersprivate offerings or dealers;other transactions that might dilute the voting or other rights of the proposed acquirer or insurgent stockholder or stockholder group. In this regard, our certificate of incorporation grants our board of directors broad power to establish the rights and preferences of authorized and unissued shares of preferred stock. The issuance of shares of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of shares. The issuance may also adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of these holders and may have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing a change in control of us.

In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that this stockholder becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock.

Because of these provisions, persons considering unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover proposals may be more likely to negotiate with our board of directors rather than pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts. As a result, these provisions may make it more difficult for our stockholders to benefit from transactions that are opposed by an incumbent board of directors.


Debt Securities

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus.  While the terms we have summarized below will generally apply to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.  The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below.   As of the date of this prospectus, we have no outstanding registered debt securities.

We will issue senior notes under a senior indenture, which we will enter into with the trustee to be named in the senior indenture.  We will issue subordinated notes under a subordinated indenture, which we will enter into with the trustee to be named in the subordinated indenture.  We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.  We use the term “indentures” to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture.

The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.  We use the term “debenture trustee” to refer to either the senior trustee or the subordinated trustee, as applicable.

The following summaries of material provisions of the senior notes, the subordinated notes and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities.  We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the debt securities that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities.  Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior and the subordinated indentures are identical.

General

The terms of each series of debt securities will be established by or pursuant to a resolution of our board of directors and set forth or determined in the manner provided in an officers’ certificate or by a supplemental indenture. Debt securities may be issued in separate series without limitation as to aggregate principal amount. We may specify a maximum aggregate principal amount for the debt securities of any series. The particular terms of each series of debt securities will be described in a prospectus supplement relating to such series, including any pricing supplement. The prospectus supplement will set forth:

 

the title;

the principal amount being offered, and, if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;

any limit on the amount that may be issued;

whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form and, if so, the terms and who the depositary will be;

the maturity date;

whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a U.S. person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;

the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate, the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;

whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt;

the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt;

the place where payments will be payable;

restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;


our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;

the date, if any, after which, the conditions upon which, and the price at which we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions, and any other applicable terms of those redemption provisions;

the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable;

whether the indenture will restrict our ability and/or the ability of our subsidiaries to, among other things,:

incur additional indebtedness;

issue additional securities;

create liens;

pay dividends and make distributions in respect of our capital stock and the capital stock of our subsidiaries;

redeem capital stock;

place restrictions on our subsidiaries’ ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets;

make investments or other restricted payments;

sell or otherwise dispose of assets;

enter into sale-leaseback transactions;

engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates;

issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or

effect a consolidation or merger;

whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios;

a discussion of any material or special U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;

information describing any book-entry features;

provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any;

whether the debt securities are to be offered at a price such that they will be deemed to be offered at an “original issue discount” as defined in paragraph (a) of Section 1273 of the Internal Revenue Code;

the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;

the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;

if other than dollars, the currency in which the series of debt securities will be denominated; and

any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any events of default that are in addition to those described in this prospectus or any covenants provided with respect to the debt securities that are in addition to those described above, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the debt securities.

Conversion or Exchange Rights

We will set forth in the prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or other securities of ours or a third party, including the conversion or exchange rate, as applicable, or how it will be calculated, and the applicable conversion or exchange period.  We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option.  We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of our securities or the securities of a third party that the holders of the series of debt securities receive upon conversion or exchange would, under the circumstances described in those provisions, be subject to adjustment, or pursuant to which those holders would, under those circumstances, receive other property upon conversion or exchange, for example in the event of our merger or consolidation with another entity.


Consolidation, Merger or Sale

The indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part do not contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets.  However, there must be no event of default under the relevant indenture immediately after giving effect to such merger and any successor of ours or the acquirer of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures and the debt securities.

If the debt securities are convertible for our other securities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.

Events of Default Under the Indenture

The following are events of default under the indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:

if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 30 days and the time for payment has not been extended or deferred;

if we fail to pay the principal, sinking fund payment or premium, if any, when due and payable and the time for payment has not been extended or delayed;

if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the debenture trustee or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and

if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.

If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the debenture trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the debenture trustee if notice is given by such holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately.  If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the debenture trustee or any holder.

The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture.  Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default.

Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the debenture trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the debenture trustee reasonable indemnity.  The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the debenture trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the debenture trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:

the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and


subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, the debenture trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding.

A holder of the debt securities of any series will only have the right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:

the holder has given written notice to the debenture trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;

the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity, to the debenture trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee; and

the debenture trustee does not institute the proceeding and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.

These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.

We will periodically file statements with the debenture trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the indentures.

Modification of Indenture; Waiver

We and the debenture trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters, including:

to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;

to comply with the provisions described above under “Consolidation, Merger or Sale”;

to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939;

to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee;

to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;

to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issuance, authorization and delivery of debt securities or any series, as set forth in the indenture;

to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided under “General” to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of the indenture or any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities;

to add to our covenants such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection of the holders, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default, or to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture; or

to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series.

In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the debenture trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected.  However, we and the debenture trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:

extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities;

make any debt security payable in money other than as stated therein;


reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities;

adversely change the right to convert or exchange any debt security; or

reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver.

Discharge

Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except that the following obligations survive until the maturity date or the redemption date:

register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;

replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;

maintain paying agencies;

hold monies for payment in trust; and

appoint any successor trustee;

and the following obligations survive the maturity date or the redemption date:

recover excess money held by the debenture trustee; and

compensate and indemnify the debenture trustee.

In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the debenture trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.

Form, Exchange and Transfer

We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof.  The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, known as DTC, or another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series.

At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.

Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose.  Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.

We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities.  We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.


If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:

issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of any series being redeemed in part during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or

register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.

Information Concerning the Debenture Trustee

The debenture trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture.  Upon an event of default under an indenture, the debenture trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs.  Subject to this provision, the debenture trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.

Payment and Paying Agents

Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.

We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that, unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders.  Unless we otherwise indicate in a prospectus supplement, we will designate the corporate office of the debenture trustee in the City of New York as our sole paying agent for payments with respect to debt securities of each series.  We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any other paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series.  We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.

All money we pay to a paying agent or the debenture trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.

Governing Law

The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is applicable.

Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities

The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement.  The indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part do not limit the amount of indebtedness that we may incur, including senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness, and do not limit us from issuing any other debt, including secured debt or unsecured debt.

Rights

The complete terms of the rights will be contained in the rights agreements we enter into with rights agents. These documents will be included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You should read the rights agreements and any related documents. You also should read the prospectus supplement, which will contain additional information and which may update or change some of the information below.


This section describes the general terms of the rights to purchase common stock or other securities that we may offer to stockholders using this prospectus. Further terms of the rights will be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement (or applicable free writing prospectus). The following description and any description of the rights in a prospectus supplement (or applicable free writing prospectus) may not be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms of any agreement relating to the rights.

Rights may be issued independently or together with any other security and may or may not be transferable. As part of any rights offering, we may enter into a standby underwriting or other arrangement under which the underwriters or any other person would purchase any securities that are not purchased in such rights offering. If we issue rights, each series of rights will be issued under a separate rights agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as rights agent, that will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. Further terms of the rights will be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The rights agent will act solely as our agent and will not assume any obligation to any holders of rights certificates or beneficial owners of rights. The rights agreements and rights certificates will be filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part or as an exhibit to a filing incorporated by reference in the registration statement. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information” for information on how to obtain copies of the rights agreements and rights certificates.

The prospectus supplement relating to any rights we offer will describe the specific terms of the offering and the rights, including the record date for stockholders entitled to the rights distribution, the number of rights issued and the number of shares of common stock that may be purchased upon exercise of the rights, the exercise price of the rights, the date on which the rights will become effective and the date on which the rights will expire, and any applicable U.S. federal income tax considerations.

In general, a right entitles the holder to purchase for cash a specific number of shares of common stock or other securities at a specified exercise price. The rights are normally issued to stockholders as of a specific record date, may be exercised only for a limited period of time and become void following the expiration of such period. If we determine to issue rights, we will accompany this prospectus with a prospectus supplement that will describe, among other things:

the record date for stockholders entitled to receive the rights;

 

 through a block trade

the number of shares of common stock or other securities that may be purchased upon exercise of each right;

the exercise price of the rights;

the terms for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price, if any;

whether the rights are transferable;

the period during which the broker or dealer engagedrights may be exercised and when they will expire;

the steps required to handleexercise the block trade will attemptrights;

whether the rights include “oversubscription rights” so that the holder may purchase more securities if other holders do not purchase their full allotments;

whether we intend to sell the shares of common stock or other securities as agent; but may position and resellthat are not purchased in the rights offering to an underwriter or other purchaser under a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

contractual “standby” commitment or other arrangement;

 

directly to one or more purchasers (through a specific bidding or auction process or otherwise); or

 

our ability to withdraw or terminate the rights offering;

 through a combination

any material United States federal income tax consequences; and

other material terms, including terms relating to transferability, exchange, exercise or amendment of any of these methods of sale.the rights.

If fewer than all of the rights issued in any rights offering are exercised, we may offer any unsubscribed securities directly to persons other than stockholders, to or through agents, underwriters or dealers or through a combination of such methods, including pursuant to standby arrangements, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, all unexercised rights will become void.


PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus to or through underwriters, through dealers, through agents, or directly to one or more purchasers or through a combination of these methods. The distributionapplicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of the offering of the securities, described in this prospectusincluding:

the name or names of any underwriters, if, and if required, any dealers or agents;

the purchase price of the securities and the proceeds we will receive from the sale;

any underwriting discounts and other items constituting underwriters’ compensation;

any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers; and

any securities exchange or market on which the securities may be listed or traded.

 We may be effecteddistribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions either:

at:

 

at

a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;

 

at

market prices prevailing at the time of sale;

 

at

prices relatingrelated to thesuch prevailing market prices; or

 

at

negotiated prices.

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Offers to purchase the securities may be solicited by agents designated by us from time to time. Any agent involvedOnly underwriters named in the offer or saleprospectus supplement are underwriters of the securities will be named, and any commissions payableoffered by us to the agent will be described, in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless otherwise indicated

If underwriters are used in the applicable prospectus supplement, any such agent will be acting on a best efforts basis for the period of its appointment. Any agent may be deemed to be an underwriter, as such term is defined in the Securities Act of 1933, of the securities so offered and sold.

If we offer and sell the securities through an underwriter or underwriters,offering, we will execute an underwriting agreement with such underwriters and will specify the underwriter or underwriters. The namesname of the specific managingeach underwriter or underwriters, as well as any other underwriters, and the terms of the transactions, includingtransaction (including any underwriting discounts and other terms constituting compensation of the underwriters and dealers, which may beany dealers) in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions, if any, will be described in the applicablea prospectus supplement, which will be used by the underwriters to make resales of the securities. That prospectus supplement and this prospectus will be used by the underwriters to make resales of the securities. If underwriters are used in the sale of any of the securities in connection with this prospectus, those securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at fixed public offering prices or at varying prices determined by the underwriters and us at the time of sale.supplement. The securities may be offered to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or directly by one or more underwriters.investment banking firms or others, as designated. If any underwriter oran underwriting syndicate is used, the managing underwriter(s) will be specified on the cover of the prospectus supplement. If underwriters are used in the sale, the offered securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own accounts and may be resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of the securities, unlesssale. Any public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. Unless otherwise indicatedset forth in a relatedthe prospectus supplement, the underwriting agreement will provide that the obligations of the underwriters areto purchase the offered securities will be subject to some conditions precedent, and that with respect to a sale of these securities the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all suchof the offered securities, if any are purchased.

We may grant to the underwriters options to purchase additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price, with additional underwriting commissions or discounts, as may be set forth in a related prospectus supplement. The terms of any over-allotment option will be set forth in the prospectus supplement for those securities.

If any underwriters are involvedwe use a dealer in the offer and sale they will be permitted to engage in transactions that maintain or otherwise affect the price of our securities. These transactions may include over-allotment transactions, purchases to cover short positions created by the underwriter in connection with the offering and the imposition of penalty bids. If an underwriter creates a short position in the securities in connection with the offering, i.e., if it sells more securities than set forth on the cover page of the applicablebeing offered pursuant to this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, the underwriter may reduce that short position by purchasing the securities in the open market. In general, purchases of a security to reduce a short position could cause the price of the security to be higher than it might be in the absence of such purchases. As noted above, underwriters may also choose to impose penalty bids on other underwriters or selling group members.

Neither we nor any underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the securities. In addition, neither we nor any underwriter make any representation that such underwriter will engage in such transactions or that such transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
If we offer and sell the securities through a dealer, we or an underwriter will sell the securities to the dealer, as principal. The dealer may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices to be determined by the dealer at the time of resale. Any such dealerThe names of the dealers and the terms of the transaction will be specified in a prospectus supplement.


We may sell the securities directly or through agents we designate from time to time. We will name any agent involved in the offering and sale of securities and we will describe any commissions we will pay the agent in the prospectus supplement.

We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in the prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement.

In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation from us or from purchasers of the securities for whom they act as agents, in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents. Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the distribution of the securities, and any institutional investors or others that purchase securities directly for the purpose of resale or distribution, may be deemed to be an underwriter, as such term is defined inunderwriters, and any discounts or commissions received by them from us and any profit on the Securities Act,resale of the securities so offered and sold. The name of the dealer and the terms of the transactions will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may solicit offers to purchase the securities directly, and we may sell the securities directly to institutional or other investors, whocommon stock by them may be deemed an underwriter withinto be underwriting discounts and commissions under the meaningSecurities Act. No FINRA member firm may receive compensation in excess of that allowable under FINRA rules, including Rule 5110, in connection with the offering of the Securities Act with respect to any resales of those securities. The terms of these sales, including the terms of any bidding or auction process, if utilized, will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

We may enter into agreements withprovide agents, underwriters and dealers under which we may agree to indemnify the agents, underwriters and dealersother purchasers with indemnification against certainparticular civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contributecontribution with respect to payments theythat the agents, underwriters or other purchasers may be required to make with respect to thesesuch liabilities. The termsAgents and conditions of this indemnification or contribution will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. Some of the agents, underwriters or dealers, or their affiliates may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us in the ordinary course of business.

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To facilitate the public offering of a series of securities, persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain, or otherwise affect the market price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than have been sold to them by us. In exercising the over-allotment option granted to those persons. In addition, those persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to underwriters or dealers participating in any such offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Such transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time. We make no representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above, if implemented, may have on the price of our securities.

Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, any common stock sold pursuant to a prospectus supplement will be eligible for trading as quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market. Any underwriters to whom securities are sold by us for public offering and sale may make a market in the securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice.

In order to comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable, the securities offered herebypursuant to this prospectus will be sold in those jurisdictionsstates only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states securities may not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale in the applicable state or an exemption from the registration or qualification requirement is available and complied with.


Description of securities to be registered
The descriptions of the securities contained in this prospectus, together with the applicable prospectus supplements, summarize all the material terms and provisions of the various types of securities that we may offer. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any securities the particular terms of the securities offered by that prospectus supplement. If we indicate

LEGAL MATTERS

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the termsvalidity of the securities may differ fromoffered hereby will be passed upon for us by Loeb & Loeb LLP, New York, New York. If the terms we have summarized below. Wevalidity of the securities offered hereby in connection with offerings made pursuant to this prospectus are passed upon by counsel for the underwriters, dealers or agents, if any, such counsel will also includebe named in the prospectus supplement information, where applicable, about material United States federal income tax considerations relating to the securities,such offering.

EXPERTS

The consolidated balance sheet of Catasys, Inc. and the securities exchange, if any, on which the securities will be listed. We may sell from time to time, in one or more offerings:

common stock;
preferred stock;
various series of debt securities;
warrants to purchase common stock; and
units consisting of all or some of the securities listed above, in any combination.
In this prospectus, we refer to our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units collectivelySubsidiaries as “securities.” The total dollar amount of all securities that we may issue pursuant to this prospectus will not exceed $20,000,000.
If we issue debt securities at a discount from their original stated principal amount, then, for purposes of calculating the total dollar amount of all securities issued under this prospectus, we will treat the initial offering price of the debt securities as the total original principal amount of the debt securities.
This prospectus may not be used to consummate a sale of securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement.
Common and preferred stock
The terms of our common stock and preferred stock are set forth in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, and are summarized in the Description of Capital Stock, that we have previously filed with the SEC. See “Incorporation of information by reference” and “Where you can find more information” below. The prospectus supplement will describe the specific terms of the series of the preferred stock offered through that prospectus supplement.
Debt securities
The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future debt securities we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may enter into indenture agreements with respect to any debt securities we may offer. A form of indenture agreement has been filed with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. We would enter into separate indentures, with different trustees, for any senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities. We use the term “indentures” to refer to the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture, and we use the term “trustees” to refer to the several trustees under the indentures. The material terms of the indenture governing a series of debt securities will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement. The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939.

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We conduct most of our operations through subsidiaries. Our rights and the rights of our creditors, including holders of debt securities, to the assets of any subsidiary of ours upon that subsidiary’s liquidation or reorganization or otherwise would be subject to the prior claims of that subsidiary’s creditors, except to the extent that we may be a creditor with recognized claims against the subsidiary. Our subsidiaries’ creditors may include trade creditors, debt holders, secured creditors and taxing authorities.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the following terms relating to a series of debt securities:
the title;
any limit on the amount that may be issued;
the maturity date;
the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;
whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any securities;
the terms of the subordination of any series of debt securities;
the terms on which any series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or other securities of ours, including (a) provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option and (b) provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of common stock or other securities of ours that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment;
the place where payments will be payable;
our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;
the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional redemption provisions;
the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities;
whether the indenture will restrict our ability to pay dividends, or will require us to maintain any asset ratios or reserves;
whether we will be restricted from incurring any additional indebtedness;
a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;
the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; and
any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities.
Warrants
The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectusDecember 31, 2018, and the related warrant agreementsconsolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and warrant certificates. Whilecash flows for the terms summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrantsyear then ended, have been audited by EisnerAmper LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we indicate in the prospectus supplement, the terms of any warrants offered under that prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. Specific warrant agreements will contain additional important terms and provisions and will betheir report which is incorporated by reference, aswhich report includes an exhibit toexplanatory paragraph about the registration statement that includes this prospectus.
We may issue warrants for the purchaseadoption of common stock in one or more series. We may issue warrants independently or togetherAccounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with common stock, and the warrants may be attached to or separate from these securities.

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We will evidence each series of warrants by warrant certificates that we will issue under a separate agreement. We may enter into the warrant agreement with a warrant agent. We will indicate the name and address and other information regarding the warrant agent in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of warrants.
Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will notCustomers.” Such financial statements have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive dividends, if any, or, payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up or to exercise voting rights, if any.
We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the series of warrants, including:
the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered;
if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security;
if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable;
the number of shares of common stock purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant, and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise;
the effect of any merger, consolidation, sale or other disposition of our business on the warrant agreement and the warrants;
the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants;
any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants;
the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire;
the manner in which the warrant agreement and warrants may be modified;
a discussion on any material or special United States federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants;
the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and
any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants.
Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, unexercised warrants will become void.
Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will set forth on the reverse side of the warrant certificate and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent.
Upon receipt of the required payment and the warrant certificate properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants.
Units
We may issue units comprised of one or more of the other securities described in this prospectus in any combination. Each unit may be issued so that the holder of the unit is also the holder of each security included in the unit. Thus, the holder of a unit will have the rights and obligations of a holder of each included security. The unit

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agreement under which a unit is issued may provide that the securities included in the unit may not be held or transferred separately at any time or at any time before a specified date.
The applicable prospectus supplement may describe:
the designation and terms of the units and of the securities comprising the units, including whether and under what circumstances those securities may be held or transferred separately;
any provisions for the issuance, payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the units or of the securities comprising the units; and
any additional terms of the governing unit agreement.
The applicable prospectus supplement will describe the terms of any units. The preceding description and any description of units in the applicable prospectus supplement does not purport to be complete and is subject to and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the unit agreement and, if applicable, collateral arrangements and depositary arrangements relating to such units.
NASDAQ Global Market quotation
Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “HYTM.”
Incorporation of certain information by reference
The following documents are specificallybeen incorporated by reference into this prospectus:
(1)Our annualin reliance on the report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008;
(2)Our Proxy Statement on Form DEF14A for our annual meeting of stockholders held on June 20, 2008;
(3)Our current reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2009 and April 3, 2009;
(4)All other reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the end of the fiscal year covered by the document referred to in (1) above;
(5)The Description of Capital Stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form S-1/ A filed with the SEC on June 23, 2004; and
(6)All documents that we file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the termination of the offering.
We will provide each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or allsuch firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The audited financial statements as of and for the information that hasyear ended December 31, 2017 have been incorporated by reference in this prospectus butin reliance upon the report of Rose, Snyder & Jacobs LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm and their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

LIMITATION ON LIABILITY AND DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON
INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES ACT LIABILITIES

Section 145 of the DGCL provides that we may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal or investigative (other than an action by us or in our right) by reason of the fact that he is or was our director, officer, employee or agent, or is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not deliveredopposed to our best interests, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. Section 145 further provides that we similarly may indemnify any such person serving in any such capacity who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by is or in our right to procure judgment in our favor, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the prospectus. We will provide this information upon writtendefense or oral request atsettlement of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to our best interests and except that no chargeindemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to us unless and only to the requester. The requestextent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for this information mustsuch expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities, other than the payment by us of expenses incurred or paid by such director, officer or controlling person in the successful defense of any action, lawsuit or proceeding, is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

Our certificate of incorporation, as amended, limits the liability of our directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with certain of our directors and officers whereby we have agreed to indemnify those directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law, including indemnification against expenses and liabilities incurred in legal proceedings to which the director or officer was, or is threatened to be made, a party by reason of the fact that such director or officer is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the our company, provided that such director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner that the director or officer reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the following:best interests of our company.


Investor Relations
Hythiam, Inc.
11150 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 1500
Los Angeles, California 90025
(310) 444-4300

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We have director and officer liability insurance to cover liabilities our directors and officers may incur in connection with their services to us, including matters arising under the Securities Act. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws also provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers who, by reason of the fact that he or she is one of our officers or directors of our company, is involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative related to their board role with the company.

Where you can find additional information
We makeInsofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our annual reports on Form 10-K,directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, we will, unless in the opinion of our proxy statement, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K,counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by us is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

This prospectus and any amendments to these reports available freesubsequent prospectus supplements do not contain all of charge through links on our corporate websitethe information in the Registration Statement. We have omitted from this prospectus some parts of the Registration Statement as soonpermitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Statements in this prospectus concerning any document we have filed as reasonably practicable after such reports are filed with, or furnishedan exhibit to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Our corporate website is located on the Internet at http://www.hythiam.com. Only those reports specifically described above are incorporated by reference herein. The public may read and copy any materialsRegistration Statement or that we fileotherwise filed with the SEC atare not intended to be comprehensive and are qualified in their entirety by reference to these filings. In addition, we file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549.SEC. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Additionally, the SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that we file electronically with the SEC, whichincluding us. The SEC’s Internet site can be found at http://www.sec.gov.

Legal matters
Various legal matters with respect In addition, we make available on or through our Internet site copies of these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnished them to the validitySEC. Our Internet site can be found at http:www.catasys.com. Our website is not a part of the securities offeredthis prospectus.

INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

We have elected to incorporate certain information by reference into this prospectusprospectus. By incorporating by reference, we can disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents we have filed or will be passed upon for us by Luce Forward Hamilton & Scripps LLP, Los Angeles, California. Luce Forward and its attorneys hold no shares of our common stock, but an attorneyfile with the firm holds a warrant to purchase up to 25,000 shares of our common stock.

Experts
SEC. The financial statements and management’s report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reportinginformation incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except for information incorporated by reference that is superseded by information contained in this prospectus. This means that you must look at all of the SEC filings that we incorporate by reference to determine if any statements in the prospectus or any document previously incorporated by reference have been auditedmodified or superseded. This prospectus incorporates by BDO Seidman, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm,reference the documents set forth below that we have previously filed with the SEC:

Our Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on February 12, 2019 and our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed March 14, 2019;

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed on March 22, 2019; and

The description of our common stock set forth in the Registration Statement on Form 8-A12B filed on April 21, 2017.

All documents subsequently filed by the Registrant with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement that contains this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering (except in each case the information contained in such document to the extent “furnish” and for the periods set forth in their reportsnot “filed”), shall be deemed to be incorporated herein by reference herein and areto be a part hereof from the date of filing of such documents.

Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein, or in reliance uponany other subsequently filed document which also is incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein, modifies or supersedes such reports given upon the authoritystatement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

21

this Registration Statement.


(HYTHIAM LOGO)

 


PROSPECTUS

CATASYS, INC.

$50,000,000

Common Stock

Preferred Stock

Debt Securities

Rights


PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

Distribution.

The following table sets forth the variousour costs and expenses payable by the Registrant in connection with the saleregistration for resale of the securities being registered. Allour common stock as described in this registration statement. None of such costs and expenses shall bewere borne by the undersigned Registrant. Except for the SEC registration fee, allSelling Stockholder. All of the amounts shown are estimates.

     
SEC registration fee $1,116 
Legal fees and expenses  25,000 
Accounting fees and expenses  5,000 
Printing and related expenses  10,000 
Miscellaneous  8,326 
    
Total $50,000 
    
estimates except the Commission Registration Fee and the FINRA filing fee.

AMOUNT

SEC registration fee

$6,060

Legal fees and expenses

��*

Accounting fees and expenses

*

Transfer agent fees and expenses

*

Miscellaneous expenses

*

Total

*

* Estimated expenses not presently known.

Item 15. Indemnification of OfficersDirectors and Directors

     UnderOfficers.

Section 145(a) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, in general, that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation), because he or she is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with such action, suit, or proceeding, if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

Section 145(b) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, in general, that a corporation may indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor because the person is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he or she acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made with respect to any claim, issue, or matter as to which he or she shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all of the circumstances of the case, he or she is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or other adjudicating court shall deem proper.

Section 145(g) of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides, in general, that a corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee, or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify the person against such liability under Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Registrant has broad powers to indemnify its directors and officers against liabilities they may incur in such capacities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. The Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws of the RegistrantLaw.


Our bylaws provide that the Registrantwe will indemnify, to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, eachany person who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative, by reason of the fact that he, or a person for whom he is the legal representative, is or was one of our directors or officers or, while serving as one of our directors or officers, is or was serving at our request as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation or of another entity, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) reasonably incurred by such person, subject to limited exceptions relating to indemnity in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person. Our bylaws that will be in effect upon completion of this offering will further provide for the Registrant,advancement of expenses to each of our officers and directors.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or who servesmay be amended from time to time, our directors shall not be personally liable to us or served any other enterprise or organization at the request of the Registrant. Pursuant to Delaware law, this includes elimination of liabilityour stockholders for monetary damages for breach of the directors’ fiduciary duty as a director. Under Section 102(b)(7) of carethe Delaware General Corporation Law, the personal liability of a director to the Registrant andcorporation or its stockholders. These provisions do not eliminate the directors’stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty of care and, in appropriate circumstances, equitable remedies such as injunctivecan be limited or other forms of non-monetary relief will remain available under Delaware law. In addition, each director will continue to be subject to liabilityeliminated except (i) for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Registrant,corporation or its stockholders; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or involvingwhich involve intentional misconduct foror a knowing violationsviolation of law,law; (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (relating to unlawful payment of dividend or unlawful stock purchase or redemption); or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit, and for payment of dividends or approval of stock repurchases or redemptions that are unlawful under Delaware law. The provisionbenefit.

We also does not affect a director’s responsibilities under any other laws, such as the federal securities laws or state or federal environmental laws.

     The Registrant has entered into agreements with its directors and executive officers that require the Registrant to indemnify these persons against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred (including expenses of a derivative action) in connection with any proceeding, whether actual or threatened, to which any such person may be made a party by reason of the fact that the person is or was a director or officer of the Registrant or any of its affiliated enterprises, provided the person acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the Registrant’s best interests and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful. The indemnification agreements will also establish procedures that will apply if a claim for indemnification arises under the agreements.
     The Registrant maintains a policy of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance that insures itsmaintain directors and officers insurance policies which cover certain liabilities arising out of claims based on acts or omissions of our directors or officers in their capacities as directors or officers, whether or not we would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the costDelaware General Corporation Law or the provisions of defense, settlementour certificate of incorporation or paymentbylaws.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of a judgment under some circumstances.

II - 1our directors and our executive officers. These agreements will provide that we will indemnify each of our directors and such officers to the fullest extent permitted by law and by our certificate of incorporation and bylaws.


Item 16. Exhibits

Exhibits.

Exhibit No.

Description

Exhibit No.

3.1

Description
3.1

Certificate of Incorporation of Catasys, Inc. filed with the Company, previously filedSecretary of State of the State of Delaware on September 29, 2003, incorporated by reference to exhibit of the same number toof the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SECSecurities and Exchange Commission on September 30, 2003 and

3.2  

Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Catasys, Inc., incorporated by reference herein

3.2Bylawsto exhibit of the Company, previously filed exhibit of same number to Catasys, Inc.’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Current ReportSecurities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2010.

3.3

Certificate of Amendment, as corrected by the Certificate of Correction, to Certificate of Incorporation of Catasys, Inc., incorporated by reference to exhibit of the same number to Catasys, Inc.’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on September 9, 2011.

3.4  

Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of Catasys, Inc., incorporated by reference to exhibit 3.1 of Catasys, Inc.’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SECSecurities and Exchange Commission on September 30, 2003, andAugust 10, 2012.

3.5

Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation of Catasys, Inc., incorporated by reference hereinto exhibit 3.1 of Catasys, Inc.’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2013.

3.6

4.1Specimen

By-Laws of Common Stock Certificate, previously filedCatasys, Inc., incorporated by reference to exhibit of the same number toof the Registrant’s Annual Report ofon Form 10-K filed with the SECSecurities and Exchange Commission on March 22, 2019

4.1

Specimen Common Stock Certificate, incorporated by reference to exhibit of the same number to Catasys Inc.’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for the year ended December 31, 2005, on March 16, 2006, and incorporated by reference herein2016.

4.2

 

Form of specimen certificate for preferred stock of registrant, if any. (1)

4.2

4.3

 Form

Certificate of Indenturedesignation for preferred stock, if any. (1)


4.4

 

Form of indenture with respect to senior debt securities, to be entered into between registrant and a trustee acceptable to the registrant, if any. *

5.1

4.5

 Opinion

Form of Luce Forward Hamilton & Scripps LLPindenture with respect to subordinated debt securities, to be entered into between registrant and a trustee acceptable to the registrant, if any. *

4.6

 

Form of debt securities, if any. (1)

23.1

4.7

 

Form of right agreement, if any. (1)

5.1

Opinion of Loeb & Loeb LLP, counsel to the Registrant, regarding the legality of the securities being registered.*

23.1

Consent of Luce Forward HamiltonRose, Snyder & ScrippsJacobs LLP *

23.2

Consent of EisnerAmper LLP *

23.3

Consent of Loeb & Loeb LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)*

24.1

23.2Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
24.1

Power of Attorney (included inon signature page hereof)pages to the registration statement)*

Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1)       To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made,the extent applicable, to be filed by a post-effective amendment or as an exhibit to this registration statement:

     (i) To include any prospectus requireda document filed under the Exchange Act and incorporated by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
     (ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.
     (iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
reference herein.

* Filed herewith.

Item 17. Undertakings.

a.

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

1.

To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

i.

To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

ii.

To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.

iii.

To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

Provided however that:

The undertakings set forth in subparagraphs , that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) aboveof this section do not apply andif the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the CommissionSEC by the registrantRegistrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) (§230.424(b) of this chapter) that is part of the registration statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:
     (i) If the registrant is relying on Rule 430B:

II - 2


2.

That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 (A) Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

 (B) Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date; or

3.

To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

4.

That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:

i.

Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and

ii.

Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

5.

That, for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

i.

Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

ii.

Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant;

iii.

The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and

iv.

Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.

 (ii) If the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:
The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

 (i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

b.

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

c.

The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set forth the results of the subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any public offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such offering.

d.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 (ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

 (iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
     (iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

II - 3


SIGNATURES

(6) If the securities to be registered are to be offered to existing security holders pursuant to warrants or rights and any securities not taken by security holders are to be reoffered to the public, the undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to supplement the prospectus, after the expiration of the subscription period, to set forth the results of the subscription offer, the transactions by the underwriters during the subscription period, the amount of unsubscribed securities to be purchased by the underwriters, and the terms of any subsequent reoffering thereof. If any public offering by the underwriters is to be made on terms differing from those set forth on the cover page of the prospectus, a post-effective amendment will be filed to set forth the terms of such offering.
(7) If the securities to be registered are to be offered at competitive bidding, the undersigned registrant hereby undertakes (1) to use its best efforts to distribute prior to the opening of bids, to prospective bidders, underwriters, and dealers, a reasonable number of copies of a prospectus which at that time meets the requirements of section 10(a) of the Act, and relating to the securities offered at competitive bidding, as contained in the registration statement, together with any supplements thereto, and (2) to file an amendment to the registration statement reflecting the results of bidding, the terms of the reoffering and related matters to the extent required by the applicable form, not later than the first use, authorized by the issuer after the opening of bids, of a prospectus relating to the securities offered at competitive bidding, unless no further public offering of such securities by the issuer and no reoffering of such securities by the purchasers is proposed to be made.
(8) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest annual report to security holders that is incorporated by reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the requirements of Rule 14a–3 or Rule 14c–3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and, where interim financial information required to be presented by Article 3 of Regulation S-X are not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in the prospectus to provide such interim financial information.
(9) If the registration statement will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462 (e) or (f) under the Securities Act, and:
(1) Any provision or arrangement exists whereby the registrant may indemnify a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant against liabilities arising under the Securities Act, or
(2) The underwriting agreement contains a provision whereby the registrant indemnifies the underwriter or controlling persons of the underwriter against such liabilities and a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant is such an underwriter or controlling person thereof or a member of any firm which is such an underwriter, and
(3) The benefits of such indemnification are not waived by such persons:
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(10) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of

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prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(11) If the registrant intends to rely on section 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 for determining the eligibility of the trustee under indentures for securities to be issued, offered, or sold on a delayed basis by or on behalf of the registrant, the undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)(2) of such Act.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, of 1933, as amended, the registrantRegistrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statementRegistration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Los Angeles, State of California on the 3rd day of April, 2009.
March 22, 2019.

CATASYS, INC.

HYTHIAM, INC.

By:

  /s/ /s/ Terren Peizer

Name:

Terren S. Peizer

Title:

     Terren S. Peizer 
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY

   KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Terren S. Peizer and Richard Anderson, or any oneChristopher Shirley, and each of them acting individually and without the other, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-factattorneys-in-fact and agent,agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution,re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments)amendments, exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith) to this registration statement,Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith,and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or anyeither of them individually, or their or his substitutessubstitute or substitute,substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, of 1933, as amended, this registration statementRegistration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
March 22, 2019.

Signature

Title

Date

Signature

Title(s)

Date

/s/ Terren S. Peizer

Terren S. Peizer

Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer (Principal

March 22, 2019

Terren S. Peizer

(Principal Executive Officer)

April 3, 2009

/s/ Maurice Hebert

Maurice Hebert
Christopher Shirley

Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal

March 22, 2019

Christopher Shirley

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

April 3, 2009

/s/ Richard A. Anderson

Berman

Director

March 22, 2019

Richard A. AndersonBerman

Director, President and Chief Operating Officer

April 3, 2009

/s/ Edward Zechhini

Director

March 22, 2019

Edward Zecchini

/s/ Richard J. Berman

Director

March 22, 2019

Richard J. Berman

/s/ Michael Sherman

Director

March 22, 2019

Michael Sherman

 

/s/ Sharon Gabrielson

Director

March 22, 2019

/s/ Christopher S. Hassan
Christopher S. Hassan

Sharon Gabrielson

Director and Chief Strategy Officer 

April 3, 2009

/s/ Andrea Grubb Barthwell
Andrea Grubb Barthwell
Director April 3, 2009

/s/ Diane Seloff

Director

March 22, 2019

/s/ Marc G. Cummins
Marc G. Cummins

Diane Seloff

Director 

April 3, 2009

/s/ Steven A, Kriegsman
Steven A. Kriegsman
Director April 3, 2009
/s/ Jay Wolf
Jay Wolf
Director April 3, 2009

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EXHIBIT INDEX

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