As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 27, 2002
April 7, 2009
Registration No. 333-70676

333-____________


SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

________________________


FORM S-3/A
AMENDMENT NO.
4

S-3

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933


________________________

PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)


          DELAWARE
DELAWARE
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
58-1954497
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

(State or other jurisdiction of                                                                                       (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

1940 Northwest 67th

8302 Dunwoody Place,
Gainesville, Florida 32653
(352) 373-4200
#250
Atlanta, Georgia  30350
(770) 587-9898
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant's principal executive office)
________________________

DR. LOUIS F. CENTOFANTI
Chairman of the Board
Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.
1940 Northwest 67th
8302 Dunwoody Place,
Gainesville, Florida 32653
(352) 373-4200
#250
Atlanta, Georgia  30350
(770) 587-9898
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copy to:
Irwin H. Steinhorn, Esquire
Conner & Winters, A Professional Corporation
LLP
One Leadership Square, Suite 1700
211 North Robinson
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma  73102
(405) 272-5711

________________________

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicableFrom time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to a dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: [     ]¨

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box: [X]x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: [     ]¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering: [     ]¨



If delivery ofthis Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the prospectus is expected to be madeCommission pursuant to Rule 434,462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box:     [     ]box.

¨


If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ¨
Accelerated filer  x
Non-accelerated filer  ¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company  ¨
The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE


Title of Each Class
of Securities to be
Registered
 
Number of
Shares to be
Registered(1)
  
Proposed
Maximum
Offering Price
Per Share(2)
  
Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price(2)
  
Amount of
Registration
Fee
 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value  5,000,000  $1.94  $9,700,000  $381.22 


Title(1)
Pursuant to Rule 416(a) of Each Class
the Securities Act of Securities1933, the number of shares being registered shall be adjusted to include any additional shares that may be
Registered

Number issuable as a result of
Shares to be
Registered
Proposed
Maximum
Offering Price
Per Share
Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price

Amount of
Registration
Fee
Common Stock17,931,966(1)$ 2.45(2)$43,933,316(3)$4,041.87(4) a distribution, split, combination or similar transaction.

(1)     Includes (a) 4,010,638 shares which have been issued by the Company pursuant to a private placement; 


(b) 1,793,178 shares which have been issued pursuant to an exchange agreement;
(2)The proposed maximum aggregate offering price, estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee, has been computed pursuant to Rule 457(c) of the Securities Act of 1933 and is based on the average of the high and low prices of Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.’s common stock, $0.001 par value, on April 1, 2009, as reported by The Nasdaq Capital Markets.



The information in this prospectus is not complete and (c) 12,128,150 
          shares issuable by the Company upon the exercise of various warrants having exercise prices 
          ranging from $1.20 to $1.9688.

(2)Estimated solely for the purposes of calculatingmay be changed.  We may not sell these securities until the registration feestatement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell securities, and is not soliciting an offer to buy securities in accordance with Rule 457(c) and 
          (g) onany state where the basis of the average of the high and low price as quoted on the NASDAQ Small Cap Market 
          on September 26, 2002.

(3)     Estimated in accordance with Rule 457(g) for the purpose of calculating the registration fee.

(4)     Previously paid.
















offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion:  Dated November 27, 2002

April 7, 2009

PROSPECTUS

PermaFix



environmental services
5,000,000 Shares



17,931,966 Shares

PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.


Common Stock



          This prospectus relates to the offer or sale of up to 17,931,966 shares of Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. may offer shares of its common stock or the Shares, from time to time by the Selling Stockholders listed in this prospectus.time.  We will not receivespecify in an accompanying prospectus supplement the terms of any proceeds from the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholders.

offering.  Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq SmallCap MarketNASDAQ Capital Markets under the symbol "PESI" and on the Boston Stock Exchange under the symbol "PES."“PESI”.  OnNovember 26, 2002, April 1, 2009, the closing price of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq SmallCap MarketNASDAQ Capital Markets was $2.50.$1.94.




          The Company has agreedYou should read this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.  This prospectus may not be used to pay all the costsoffer and fees relating to the registration of the Shares coveredsell securities unless accompanied by this prospectus. However, the Company will not pay any discounts, concessions, or commissions payable to underwriters, dealers, or agents incident to the offering of the Shares or the fees and expenses incurred by counsel for the Selling Stockholders.a prospectus supplement.



___________________________________

InvestmentInvesting in these securitiesour common stock involves a high degree of risk.
See "RISK FACTORS"  You should carefully consider the Risk Factors beginning on page 2 of this prospectus.
prospectus before you make an investment decision.

___________________________________



The common stock offered by this prospectus may be offered in amounts, at prices and at terms determined at the time of the offering and may be sold directly by us to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through underwriters or dealers.  We will set forth the names of any underwriters or agents in the accompanying prospectus supplement.  For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section entitled “Plan of Distribution.”  The net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.



Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy ofdetermined if this prospectus.prospectus is truthful or complete.  Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

___________________________________

offense.




The date of this prospectus is ____________________, 2002.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed.  These securities may not be sold until the related registration statement filed with the SEC is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

_____, 2009


TABLE OF CONTENTS



ABOUT OUR BUSINESS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SUMMARY1
THE COMMON STOCK WE MAY OFFER2
RISK FACTORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FACTORS2
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .STATEMENTS  911
USE OF PROCEEDS12
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION1012
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK13
POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LEGAL OPINION13
EXPERTS13
USE OF PROCEEDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
SUMMARY OF SECURITIES BEING OFFERED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
LEGAL OPINION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
EXPERTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .INFORMATION

30

14



Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “Perma-Fix,” “the company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.


No person has been authorized to give any information or make any representations in connection with this offering other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement in connection with the offering described herein and therein, and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by us.  Neither this prospectus nor any prospectus supplement shall constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy offered securities in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offering or solicitation.  Neither the delivery of this prospectus or any prospectus supplement nor any sale made hereunder shall under any circumstances imply that the information contained or incorporated by reference herein or in any prospectus supplement is correct as of any date subsequent to the date hereof or of such prospectus supplement.
i

ABOUT OUR BUSINESS


SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information included in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.  You should carefully consider the information set forth in this entire prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” section, the applicable prospectus supplement for such securities and the other documents we refer to or that we incorporate by reference.
This prospectus is part of a Registration Statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, utilizing a shelf registration process.  Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, sell up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of our common stock in one or more offerings.  This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer.  Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering.  The prospectus supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.  You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, including the risk factors, together with additional information described below under the heading Where You Can Find More Information.”

Perma-Fix

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. is an environmental and technology know-how company.  We are engaged through our subsidiaries, in the following lines of business:in:

Industrial

Nuclear Waste Management Services

          Our Industrial Waste Management Services (“Nuclear Segment”), which include:


·Treatment, storage, processing and disposal of mixed waste (which is waste that contains both low-level radioactive and hazardous waste) including on and off-site waste remediation and processing;

·Nuclear, low-level radioactive, and mixed waste treatment, processing and disposal; and

·Research and development of innovative ways to process low-level radioactive and mixed waste.

          *     treatment, storage, processing, and disposal of hazardous and nonhazardous waste;

          *      industrial waste and wastewater management services, including the collection, treatment, 
            ��     processing and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste; and

          *     various waste management services to certain governmental agencies.

These services are primarily conducted through sixfour of our subsidiaries and through various locations within our government services group:subsidiaries:


·Perma-Fix Northwest Richland, Inc. located in Richland, Washington, adjacent to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford, Washington, facility;

·Perma-Fix of Florida, Inc., located in Gainesville, Florida;

·Diversified Scientific Services, Inc., located in Kingston, Tennessee; and

·East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation, located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

          *     Perma-Fix Treatment Services, Inc. located in Tulsa, Oklahoma;
          *     Perma-Fix of Dayton, Inc. located in Dayton, Ohio;
          *     
Perma-Fix of Ft. Lauderdale, Inc. located in Davie, Florida;
          *     Perma-Fix of Orlando, Inc. located in Orlando, Florida;
          *     Perma-Fix of South Georgia, Inc. located in Valdosta, Georgia;
          *     
Perma-Fix of Michigan, Inc. located in Detroit, Michigan; and
          *     Perma-Fix Government Services headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

Nuclear Waste Management Services

          Our NuclearIndustrial Waste Management Services (“Industrial Segment”), which include:


·treatment storage, processing and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and

·wastewater management services, including the collection, treatment, processing and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastewater.

          *     treatment, storage, processing and disposal of mixed waste (waste containing both low-level 
                 radioactive and hazardous waste); and

          *     nuclear and low-level radioactive waste treatment, processing and disposal, which includes 
                 research, development, and on and off-site waste remediation and processing.

These services are primarily conducted through three of our subsidiaries:


·Perma-Fix of Fort Lauderdale, Inc., located in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida;

          *     
·Perma-Fix of South Georgia, Inc., located in Valdosta, Georgia; and

·Perma-Fix of Orlando, Inc., located in Orlando, Florida.
1

Perma-Fix of Florida, Inc. located in Gainesville, Florida;
          *     Diversified Scientific Services, Inc. located in Kingston, Tennessee; and
          *     East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Consulting Engineering Services

          Our Consulting Engineering Services include(“Engineering Segment”), which provide solutions to industrial and government customers for broad-scope environmental issues including:


·Air, water, and hazardous waste permitting;

·air, soil, and water sampling;

·compliance reporting;

·emission reduction strategies; and

·compliance auditing.

          *     environmental management programs;
          *     regulatory permitting;
          *The Engineering Segment also provides various compliance and auditing;
          *     landfill design;training activities, as well as engineering and
          *     
field testing and characterization.

compliance support needed by our other segments.  These services are primarily conducted through our subsidiary, Schreiber, Yonley & Associates, Inc., located in St. Louis,Ellisville, Missouri.

          We have grown through both acquisitions and internal development.


Our present objectivegoal is to continue focus on the operations, maximize profitability,efficient operation of our existing facilities within our Nuclear, Industrial, and Engineering Segments, evaluate strategic acquisitions primarily within the Nuclear Segments, and to continue the research and development of innovative technologies for the treatment ofto treat nuclear waste, mixed waste, and industrial waste.

   We continue to place greater attention and resources on our nuclear business.


We service research institutions, commercial companies, public utilities, and governmental agencies nationwide. The distribution channels for services are through direct sales to customers or via intermediaries.


We were incorporated in the State of Delaware in December 1990. Our executive offices are located at 1940 N.W. 67th8302 Dunwoody Place, Gainesville, Florida 32653,#250, Atlanta, Georgia 30350, and our telephone number is (352) 373-4200.(770) 587-9898.  Our home page on the Internetwebsite is located at www.perma-fix.com.  The information contained in our web sitewebsite is not incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

RISK FACTORS

          Prospective purchasers

THE COMMON STOCK WE MAY OFFER
We may offer up to an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of common stock in one or more offerings.  A prospectus supplement, which we will provide to you each time we offer securities, will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of these securities.
We may sell the common stock to or through underwriters, dealers or agents or directly to purchasers.  We and our agents reserve the sole right to accept and to reject in whole or in part any proposed purchase of securities.  Each prospectus supplement will set forth the names of any underwriters, dealers or agents involved in the sale of the Shares pursuantcommon stock described in that prospectus supplement and any applicable fee, commission or discount arrangements with them.
Common stock holders are entitled to thisreceive dividends declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends, subject to rights, if any, of preferred stock holders.  However, we have never paid a dividend, and we do not anticipate paying a dividend in the foreseeable future.  Our current secured credit facility prohibits us from paying cash dividends on our common stock.  Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote per share.  The holders of common stock have no preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights.  A prospectus supplement will describe the specific amounts, prices and terms of any common stock to be issued.

RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk.  You should carefully consider carefully the factors set forthrisks described below before making an investment decision, as well as the risks and other information containedincluded and incorporated by reference in the applicable prospectus supplement when determining whether or not to purchase the securities offered under this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement.   You should also refer to the other information in this prospectus incorporated by reference into this prospectus and incorporated herein by reference.

We have a history of losses from operations and may continue to incurthe additional lossesinformation in the future which could adversely affect our abilityother reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

2

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only risks and uncertainties we face.  Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to operate and your investment in our common stock.

          We have reported consolidated net losses in all annual periods, except 1999, whenus or that we reported net income of $1,570,000, before provision for preferred stock dividends, net of $120,000. For the year ended December 31, 2001, we had an audited net loss of $602,000, before provision for preferred stock dividends of $145,000. Our audited consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2001, reflected an accumulated deficit of approximately $22,216,000.For the nine months ended September 30, 2002, we had unaudited net income of $2,354,000, before preferred stock dividends of $111,000. If we fail to become profitable or sustain profitability on an annualized basis in the foreseeable future, wecurrently deem immaterial also may be unable to fund our continuing operations.

Our substantial amount of debt could adversely affect our operations.

 We have a substantial amount of debt. At October 31, 2002, our aggregate consolidated debt was approximately $31.4 million. If our floating rates of interest experienced an upward increase of 1%, our debt service would increase by approximately $164,000 annually. Our leverage could have material adverse consequences on our ability to operateimpair our business including the following:

          *     our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for refinancing indebtedness, acquisitions, 
                  working capital, capital expenditures or other purposes may be impaired;

          *     funds available to us for our operations and general corporate purposes or for capital expenditures 
                 will be reduced because a substantial portion of our consolidated cash flow from operations will be 
                 dedicated to the paymentoperations.  If any of the principal and interest on our indebtedness;

          *     we may be more highly leveraged than certain of our competitors, which may place us at a competitive
                  disadvantage;

          *     the agreements governing our long-term indebtedness and credit facility contain certain restrictive 
                  financial and operating covenants;

          *     if an event of default occurs, which is not cured or waived, under financial and operating covenants 
                 contained in either our or our subsidiaries' debt instruments, this could result in and have a material 
                 adverse effect on us;

          *     we may be more vulnerable to a downturn in general economic conditions; and

-2-

          *     certain of the borrowings under our debt agreements have floating rates of interest, which cause us 
                  to be vulnerable to increases in interest rates.

          Our ability to make principal and interest payments, or to refinance indebtedness, will depend on both our and our subsidiaries' future operating performance and cash flow. Prevailing economic conditions, interest rate levels, and financial, competitive, business, and other factors affect us and our subsidiaries. Many of these factors are beyond our control.

Our industrial waste management services and nuclear waste management services subject us to potential environmental liability.

           Our business of rendering services in connection with management of waste, including certain types of hazardous waste and low-level radioactive waste, subjects us tofollowing risks of liability for damages. Such liability could involve, without limitation:

          *     
claims for clean-up costs, personal injury or damage to the environment in cases in which we are 
                  held responsible for the release of hazardous or radioactive materials;

          *     claims of employees, customers, or third parties for personal injury or property damage occurring 
                  in the course of our operations; and

          *     claims alleging negligence or professional errors or omissions in the planning or performance of our services.

We could also be deemed a responsible party for the cost of cleaning any property which may be contaminated by hazardous substances generated by us and disposed at such property or transported by us to a site selected by us, including properties we own or lease.

The conversion of our convertible preferred stock and exercise of our outstanding warrants and optionscould cause the market price of our common stock to fall, and may have dilution and other effects on our existing stockholders.

          The conversion of our outstanding Series 17 Class Q Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share (the "Series 17 Preferred"), and the exercise of our outstanding warrants and options could result in the issuance of up to 18,760,619 shares of common stock, assuming all outstanding warrants and options are currently exercisable and subject to adjustment pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions. Such issuances would significantly reduce the percentage ownership of our existing common stockholders and could, among other things, depress the price of the common stock. This result could detrimentally affect our ability to raise additional equity capital. The issuance of such additional shares of common stock may also result in a change in control.

          The conversion of our outstanding Series 17 Preferred could result in the issuance of up to 1,666,667 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $1.50 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions. The exercise of our outstanding warrants and options into common stock could result in the issuance of up to approximately 14,411,552 shares, and 2,682,400 shares, respectfully (assuming that all options and warrants are currently exercisable). The exercise prices of the outstanding warrants and options range from $1.00 per share to $5.25 per share, subject to adjustment pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions. Consequently, upon such issuances, our stockholders could experience a significant dilution of their investment. Dilution of our common stock may potentially have a substantial and material adverse impact on our earnings per share.

          The holders of all of our convertible preferred stock and the holders of many of our warrants and options may immediately sell the full amount of common stock received upon conversion of the convertible preferred stock or exercise of the warrants and options, as applicable. As these shares are sold, the price of the common stock may decrease.

-3-

Our outstanding preferred stock and warrants subject us to a potential change in control, which could have an adverse effect on our management, the listing of our common stock, and our existing stockholders' ability to influence our management and policies.

          As of September 12, 2002, Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG ("Capital Bank"), f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft, owned of record, as agent for certain of its investors, 9,258,672 shares of our common stock, or approximately 27.0% of the outstanding shares of common stock, and had the right to acquire an additional 6,025,317 shares of common stock pursuant to the convertible preferred stock and warrants held in Capital Bank's name, as agent for certain investors. The Selling Stockholders table beginning on page 22 of this prospectus includes 109 persons and entities which, in the aggregate, beneficially own 3,143,115 shares of the common stock that are owned of record by Capital Bank and 2,725,548 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants held in Capital Bank's name. If Capital Bank acquires all of the shares issuable to Capital Bank pursuant to such preferred stock and warrants, Capital Bank would own of record 15,283,989 shares of common stock, representing 37.9% of the then issued and outstanding common stock, assuming we issue no other shares of common stock and Capital Bank does not dispose of any shares. Consequently, if Capital Bank seeks to control us, we may be unable to avoid a change in control. See "POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL" beginning on page 13 of this prospectus.

          If Capital Bank converts all of the preferred stock and exercises all the warrants that are held in its name, and all of the other holders of our currently outstanding warrants and options to purchase common stock exercise such warrants and options, then Capital Bank would own approximately 28.8% of our then issued and outstanding common stock, assuming we do not issue any other shares of our common stock and Capital Bank does not dispose of any shares. 

          Although we are not aware of any agreement or understanding among Capital Bank's investors to act as a group, if Capital Bank's investors agree to, or reach an understanding to, act as a group or otherwise to act in concert for the purposes of voting on matters subject to stockholder vote, our operations and management could be greatly impacted. For instance, this investor group could instruct Capital Bank to vote for a significant change of  our directors or for the approval of a merger proposal. As a result, the ability of our other stockholders to influence our management and policies could be limited, and their ability to realize opportunities to sell some or all of their stock at prices that represent a premium over market prices could be lost. 

 Our senior credit facility provides that a change of control willactually occur, if (a) Dr. Louis F. Centofanti, our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, or Richard T. Kelecy, our Chief Financial Officer, cease to serve as senior executive officers in substantially the same capacity as served on the date of the credit facility or the persons who were members of our Board on the closing of the credit facility cease to constitute 50% of our Board.  Each of these events could be an event of default under the terms of the credit facility.  The terms of the Purchase Agreement covering our Subordinated Notes provide that if Dr. Centofanti ceases to be our President and Chief Executive Officer, the holders of the Subordinated Notes have the option to require us to prepay all amounts owing under the Subordinated Notes.  The Purchase Agreement covering the Subordinated Notes also provides that if any person or group is successful in electing its nominees to 50% or more of the positions on our Board, then the holders of the Subordinated Notes have the option to require us to prepay all amounts owing under the Subordinated Notes plus a prepayment premium.  If a group of Capital Bank investors were to successfully attempt to cause any of these changes in our management or Board membership, we would be in default under our senior credit facility or our Subordinated Notes, or both of them.  See "If we cannot retain our key personnel, we may lose sufficient revenues, be required to prepay our Subordinated Notes, and default under our senior credit facility" beginning on page 7 of this prospectus.  The Purchase Agreement and Subordinated Notes are discussed under "SUMMARY OF SECURITIES BEING OFFERED -- Note Warrants" beginning on page 15 of this prospectus.

-4-

          The rules of the Nasdaq SmallCap Market (the "Nasdaq") could deem such a change in control to be a change in financial structure or a merger or consolidation with Capital Bank. If so, Nasdaq could require us to requalify under the initial listing standards of Nasdaq to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq. If we are required to requalify for listing on the Nasdaq, among other things, our common stock must have a minimum bid price of $4.00 per share. The market price of the common stock as of the effective date of this prospectus is below $4.00 and would not meet Nasdaq initial listing requirements.

Our ability to successfully operate M&EC could impact our future growth.

          In June 2001, we acquired East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation ("M&EC"), a mixed waste processing facility in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Prior to the acquisition, we had loaned and advanced approximately $12.1 million to M&EC for use in the operation and construction of M&EC's facility. At the closing of the M&EC acquisition, we advanced funds to M&EC to pay certain liabilities to the Internal Revenue Service, certain 401(k) plans, and several M&EC debt holders, in the aggregate amount of approximately $2.1 million. In order to acquire M&EC and to finance the construction of M&EC's facility, we borrowed a substantial amount of funds.

          M&EC's facility is newly constructed, and M&EC had limited operating history prior to our acquisition of M&EC. We may be unable to effectively operate M&EC to achieve long-term profitability. If M&EC's operations fail to generate revenue sufficient for us to recoup the amounts loaned to M&EC and expended in the acquisition of M&EC, the potential growth of our business will be limited and our business, results of operations and financial condition wouldcould suffer.

If M&EC In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.  The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements.


Risks Relating to our Operations

Our insurer that provides our financial assurance that we are required have in order to operate our permitted treatment, storage and disposal facility has experienced financial difficulties.

It has been publicly reported that American International Group, Inc. (“AIG”), has experienced significant financial difficulties and is unablecontinuing to experience significant financial difficulties.  A subsidiary of AIG provides our finite risk insurance policies which provide financial assurance to the applicable states for our permitted facilities in the event of unforeseen closure.  We are required to provide and to maintain its DOE subcontracts, it could lose its primary revenue source.

           Currently, M&EC's revenues are generated primarily pursuantfinancial assurance that guarantees to three subcontracts under contractsthe state that in the event of closure of our permitted facilities will be closed in accordance with the U. S. Departmentregulations.  The policies provide a maximum of Energy (the "DOE"). Each$35,000,000 of these subcontracts provides that the contractor, on its or the DOE's behalf, may terminate the contracts underfinancial assurance coverage of which the subcontractscoverage amount totals $32,515,000 at December 31, 2008.  In March 2009, the policies were increased to provide a maximum of $39,000,000 of financial assurance coverage of which the coverage amounts totals $37,936,000.  This additional increase was the result of additional financial assurance coverage requirement for our DSSI subsidiary to commercially store and dispose of PCB wastes under a permit issued at any time by notifying us. If we fail to maintain, renew, or replace these contracts, M&EC's revenuesthe EPA on November 26, 2008.  The AIG subsidiary also provides other operating insurance policies for the Company and our subsidiaries.  In the event of a failure of AIG, this could be materially reduced, and your investment could be materially and adversely affected.

If we cannot maintain our government permits or cannot obtain any required permits, we may not be able to continue or expand our operations.

           Our business is subject to extensive, evolving, and increasingly stringent federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. Such federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations govern our activities regarding the treatment, storage, recycling, disposal, and transportation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste and low-level radioactive waste. We must obtain and maintain permits, licenses and/or approvals to conduct these activities in compliance with such laws and regulations. Failure to obtain and maintain the required permits, licenses and/or approvals would have a material adverse effect onimpact our operations and financial condition. Ifour permits which we are unablerequired to maintainhave in order to operate our currently held permits, licenses, and/or approvals or obtain any additional permits, licenses and/or approvals which may be required as we expand our operations, we may not be able to continue certain of our operations.

Changes in environmental regulations and enforcement policies could subject us to additional liability and adversely affect our ability to continue certain operations.

           Because the environmental industry continues to develop rapidly, we cannot predict the extent to which our operations may be affected by future enforcement policies as applied to existing laws, by changes to current environmental laws and regulations, or by the enactment of new environmental laws and regulations. Any predictions regarding possible liability under such laws are complicated further by current environmental laws which provide that we could be liable, jointly and severally, for certain activities of third parties over whom we have limited or no control.

-5-

If we are unable to become profitable, we may be unable to comply with certain government regulations and could become subject to substantial fines or lose our permits.

           The standards imposed by federal, state, and local environmental laws require us to incur additional expenses as necessary to upgrade our facility. Our inability to become profitable on a long-term basis could have a negative impact on our ability to remain in compliance with various federal, state, and local environmental regulations. Violation of such federal, state, and local regulations could result in the loss of one or more of our permits or subject us to substantial fines, penalties, or other liabilities that could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and our ability to continue certain of our operations.

As our operations expand, we may be subject to increased litigation which could have a negative impact on our future financial results.

           Our operations are regulated by numerous laws regarding procedures for waste treatment, storage, recycling, transportation, and disposal activities, all of which may provide the basis for litigation against us. In recent years, the waste treatment industry has experienced a significant increase in so-called "toxic-tort" litigation as those injured by contamination seek to recover for personal injuries or property damage. We believe that as our operations and activities expand, there will be a similar increase in the potential for litigation alleging that we are responsible for contamination or pollution caused by our normal operations, negligence or other misconduct, or for accidents which occur in the course of our business activities. Such litigation, if significant and not adequately insured against, could adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to fund our operations. Protracted litigation would likely cause us to spend significant amounts of our time, effort, and money. This could prevent our management from focusing on our operations and expansion.

facilities.


If we cannot maintain adequate insurance coverage, we will be unable to continue certain operations.


Our business exposes us to various risks, including claims for causing damage to property and injuries to persons whichthat may involve allegations of negligence or professional errors or omissions in the performance of our services. Such claims could be substantial. We believe that our insurance coverage is presently adequate and similar to, or greater than, the coverage maintained by other companies in the industry of our size. If we are unable to obtain adequate or required insurance coverage in the future, or if our insurance is not available at affordable rates, we would violate our permit conditions and other requirements of the environmental laws, rules, and regulations under which we operate. Such violations would render us unable to continue certain of our operations. These events would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Our operations will suffer if we are unable


The inability to manage our rapid growth.

           We are currently experiencing amaintain existing government contracts or win new government contracts over an extended period of rapid growth through internal expansion and strategic acquisitions. This growth has placed, and could continue to place, a significant strain on our management, personnel, and other resources. Our ability to grow will require us to effectively manage our collaborative arrangements and to continue to improve our operational, management, and financial systems and controls, and to successfully train, motivate, and manage our employees. If we are unable to effectively manage our growth, we may not realize the expected benefits of such growth, and such failure could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition.

adversely affect our future revenues.


A material amount of our Nuclear Segment's revenues are generated through various U.S. government contracts or subcontracts involving the U.S. government.  Our revenues from governmental contracts and subcontracts relating to governmental facilities within our Nuclear Segment were approximately $43,464,000 and $30,000,000, representing 57.6% and 46.5%, respectively, of our consolidated operating revenues from continuing operations for 2008 and 2007.  Most of our government contracts or our subcontracts granted under government contracts are awarded through a regulated competitive bidding process. Some government contracts are awarded to multiple competitors, which increase overall competition and pricing pressure and may require us to make sustained post-award efforts to realize revenues under these government contracts. All contracts with, or subcontracts involving, the federal government are terminable, or subject to renegotiation, by the applicable governmental agency on 30 days notice, at the option of the governmental agency.  If we are unablefail to protectmaintain or replace these relationships, or if a material contract is terminated or renegotiated in a manner that is materially adverse to us, our proprietary technology, our growthrevenues and future operations could be limited.

materially adversely affected.

3

Failure of our Nuclear Segment to be profitable could have a material adverse effect.

Our success is dependentNuclear Segment has historically been profitable. With the divestitures of certain facilities within our Industrial Segment and the acquisition of our Perma-Fix Northwest Richland, Inc. (“PFNWR”) within our Nuclear Segment in June 2007, the Nuclear Segment represents the Company’s largest revenue segment. The Company’s main objectives are to increase focus on the efficient operation of our existing facilities within our Nuclear Segment and to further evaluate strategic acquisitions within the Nuclear Segment. If our Nuclear Segment fails to continue to be profitable in the future, this could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, liquidity and our potential growth.

Our existing and future customers may reduce or halt their spending on nuclear services with outside vendors, including us.

A variety of factors may cause our existing or future customers (including the federal government) to reduce or halt their spending on nuclear services from outside vendors, including us. These factors include, but are not limited to:

·accidents, terrorism, natural disasters or other incidents occurring at nuclear facilities or involving shipments of nuclear materials;
·failure of the federal government to approve necessary budgets, or to reduce the amount of the budget necessary, to fund remediation of U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”) and U.S. Department of Defense (“DOD”) sites;
·civic opposition to or changes in government policies regarding nuclear operations; or
·a reduction in demand for nuclear generating capacity.

These events could result in or cause the federal government to terminate or cancel its existing contracts involving us to treat, store or dispose of contaminated waste at one or more of the federal sites since all contracts with, or subcontracts involving, the federal government are terminable upon or subject to renegotiation at the option of the government on 30 days notice.  These events also could adversely affect us to the extent that they result in the reduction or elimination of contractual requirements, lower demand for nuclear services, burdensome regulation, disruptions of shipments or production, increased operational costs or difficulties or increased liability for actual or threatened property damage or personal injury.

Economic downturns (i.e. the current economic recession) and/or reductions in government funding could have a material negative impact on our abilitybusinesses.

Demand for our services has been, and we expect that demand will continue to maintainbe, subject to significant fluctuations due to a variety of factors beyond our proprietary technologies. There can be no assurancecontrol, including the current economic recession and conditions, inability of the federal government to adopt its budget or reductions in the budget for spending to remediate federal sites due to numerous reasons, including, without limitation, the substantial deficits that the steps taken by usfederal government has and is continuing to protect our proprietary technologiesincur.  During economic downturns, such as the current economic recession, and large budget deficits that the federal government and many states are experiencing, the ability of private and government entities to spend on nuclear services may decline significantly.  Although the recently adopted economic stimulus package provides for substantial funds to remediate federal nuclear sites, we cannot be certain that economic or political conditions will be adequategenerally favorable or that there will not be significant fluctuations adversely affecting our industry as a whole.  In addition, our operations depend, in large part, upon governmental funding, particularly funding levels at the DOE.  Significant reductions in the level of governmental funding (for example, the annual budget of the DOE) or specifically mandated levels for different programs that are important to prevent misappropriationour business could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial position, results of these technologies by third parties. Misappropriationoperations and cash flows.

The loss of one or a few customers could have an adverse effect on us.

One or a few governmental customers or governmental related customers have in the past, and may in the future, account for a significant portion of our proprietary technologyrevenue in any one year or over a period of several consecutive years.  Because customers generally contract with us for specific projects, we may lose these significant customers from year to year as their projects with us are completed. Our inability to replace the business with other projects could have an adverse effect on our operationsbusiness and financial condition. Changesresults of operations.
4

As a government contractor, we are subject to current environmental lawsextensive government regulation, and our failure to comply with applicable regulations also could limitsubject us to penalties that may restrict our ability to conduct our business.

Our governmental contracts, which are primarily with the useDOE or subcontracts relating to DOE sites, are a significant part of our proprietary technology.

-6-

business.  Allowable costs under U.S. government contracts are subject to audit by the U.S. government.  If these audits result in determinations that costs claimed as reimbursable are not allowed costs or were not allocated in accordance with applicable regulations, we cannot retain our key personnel, we may lose significant revenues,could be required to prepayreimburse the U.S. government for amounts previously received.


Governmental contracts or subcontracts involving governmental facilities are often subject to specific procurement regulations, contract provisions and a variety of other requirements relating to the formation, administration, performance and accounting of these contracts.  Many of these contracts include express or implied certifications of compliance with applicable regulations and contractual provisions.  If we fail to comply with any regulations, requirements or statutes, our subordinated notes,existing governmental contracts or subcontracts involving governmental facilities could be terminated or we could be suspended from government contracting or subcontracting.  If one or more of our governmental contracts or subcontracts are terminated for any reason, or if we are suspended or debarred from government work, we could suffer a significant reduction in expected revenues and default underprofits. Furthermore, as a result of our senior credit facility.

governmental contracts or subcontracts involving governmental facilities, claims for civil or criminal fraud may be brought by the government or violations of these regulations, requirements or statutes.


Loss of certain key personnel could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our success depends on the contributions of our key management, environmental and engineering personnel, especially Dr. Louis F. Centofanti, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer. The loss of Dr. Centofanti could have a material adverse effect on our operations, revenues, prospects, and our ability to raise additional funds. Our future success depends on our ability to retain and expand our staff of qualified personnel, including environmental specialists and technicians, sales personnel, and engineers. Without qualified personnel, we may incur delays in rendering our services or be unable to render certain services. We cannot be certain that we will be successful in our efforts to attract and retain qualified personnel as their availability is limited due to the demand for hazardous waste management services and the highly competitive nature of the hazardous waste management industry. We do not maintain key person insurance on any of our employees, officers, or directors.

           Our credit facility provides


Changes in environmental regulations and enforcement policies could subject us to additional liability and adversely affect our ability to continue certain operations.

We cannot predict the extent to which our operations may be affected by future governmental enforcement policies as applied to existing laws, by changes to current environmental laws and regulations, or by the enactment of new environmental laws and regulations. Any predictions regarding possible liability under such laws are complicated further by current environmental laws which provide that we could be liable, jointly and severally, for certain activities of third parties over whom we have limited or no control.

The refusal to accept our waste for disposal by, or a change of control will occur if Dr. Centofanti or Richard T. Kelecy, our Chief Financial Officer, cease to serve as senior executive officers in substantially the same capacity as served on the dateclosure of, the credit facility. end disposal site that our Nuclear Segment utilizes to dispose of its waste could subject us to significant risk and limit our operations.

Our credit facility also provides that a changeNuclear Segment has limited options available for disposal of control results whenits waste. If this disposal site ceases to accept waste or closes for any reason or refuses to accept the persons who are memberswaste of our Board on the closing of the credit facility ceaseNuclear Segment, for any reason, we could have nowhere to constitute 50%dispose of our Board. Eachnuclear waste or have significantly increased costs from disposal alternatives. With nowhere to dispose of these events couldour nuclear waste, we would be an eventsubject to significant risk from the implications of default understoring the terms of the credit facility. The terms of the Purchase Agreement coveringwaste on our Subordinated Notes providesite, and we would have to limit our operations to accept only waste that if Dr. Centofanti ceases to be our President and Chief Executive Officer, the holders of the Subordinated Notes have the option to requirewe can dispose of.

Our businesses subject us to prepay all amounts owing undersubstantial potential environmental liability.

Our business of rendering services in connection with management of waste, including certain types of hazardous waste, low-level radioactive waste, and mixed waste (waste containing both hazardous and low-level radioactive waste), subjects us to risks of liability for damages. Such liability could involve, without limitation:
·claims for clean-up costs, personal injury or damage to the environment in cases in which we are held responsible for the release of hazardous or radioactive materials; and
5

·
claims of employees, customers, or third parties for personal injury or property damage occurring in the course of our operations; and
·
claims alleging negligence or professional errors or omissions in the planning or performance of our services.
Our operations are subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations. We have in the Subordinated Notes. The Purchase Agreement coveringpast, and could in the Subordinated Notes also provides that iffuture, be subject to substantial fines, penalties, and sanctions for violations of environmental laws and substantial expenditures as a responsible party for the cost of remediating any personproperty which may be contaminated by hazardous substances generated by us and disposed at such property, or group,transported by us to a site selected by us, including Capital Bank, is successful in electing its nomineesproperties we own or lease.

As our operations expand, we may be subject to 50% or more of the positionsincreased litigation, which could have a negative impact on our Board,future financial results.

Our operations are highly regulated and we are subject to numerous laws and regulations regarding procedures for waste treatment, storage, recycling, transportation, and disposal activities, all of which may provide the holdersbasis for litigation against us. In recent years, the waste treatment industry has experienced a significant increase in so-called “toxic-tort” litigation as those injured by contamination seek to recover for personal injuries or property damage. We believe that, as our operations and activities expand, there will be a similar increase in the potential for litigation alleging that we have violated environmental laws or regulations or are responsible for contamination or pollution caused by our normal operations, negligence or other misconduct, or for accidents, which occur in the course of the Subordinated Notes have the optionour business activities. Such litigation, if significant and not adequately insured against, could adversely affect our financial condition and our ability to requirefund our operations. Protracted litigation would likely cause us to prepay allspend significant amounts owing underof our time, effort, and money. This could prevent our management from focusing on our operations and expansion.

Our operations are subject to seasonal factors, which cause our revenues to fluctuate.

We have historically experienced reduced revenues and losses during the Subordinated Notes plusfirst and fourth quarters of our fiscal years due to a prepayment premium. The Purchase Agreementseasonal slowdown in operations from poor weather conditions, overall reduced activities during these periods resulting from holiday periods, and Subordinated Notes are discussed under "SUMMARY OF SECURITIES BEING OFFERED - Note Warrants" beginningfinalization of government budgets during the fourth quarter of each year. During our second and third fiscal quarters there has historically been an increase in revenues and operating profits. If we do not continue to have increased revenues and profitability during the second and third fiscal quarters, this will have a material adverse effect on page 14our results of this prospectus.

operations and liquidity.


If environmental regulation or enforcement is relaxed, the demand for our services will decrease.


The demand for our services is substantially dependent upon the public's concern with, and the continuation and proliferation of, the laws and regulations governing the treatment, storage, recycling, and disposal of hazardous, non-hazardous, and low-level radioactive waste. A decrease in the level of public concern, the repeal or modification of these laws, or any significant relaxation of regulations relating to the treatment, storage, recycling, and disposal of hazardous waste and low-level radioactive waste would significantly reduce the demand for our services and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. We are not aware of any current federal or state government or agency efforts in which a moratorium or limitation has been, or will be, placed upon the creation of new hazardous or radioactive waste regulations that would have a material adverse effect on us; however, no assurance can be made that such a moratorium or limitation will not be implemented in the future.


We and our customers operate in a politically sensitive environment, and the public perception of nuclear power and radioactive materials can affect our customers and us.

We and our customers operate in a politically sensitive environment. Opposition by third parties to particular projects can limit the handling and disposal of radioactive materials. Adverse public reaction to developments in the disposal of radioactive materials, including any high profile incident involving the discharge of radioactive materials, could directly affect our customers and indirectly affect our business. Adverse public reaction also could lead to increased regulation or outright prohibition, limitations on the activities of our customers, more onerous operating requirements or other conditions that could have a material adverse impact on our customers’ and our business.
6

We may not be successful in winning new business mandates from our government and commercial customers.

We must be successful in winning mandates from our government and commercial customers to replace revenues from projects that are nearing completion and to increase our revenues. Our business and operating results can be adversely affected by the size and timing of a single material contract.

The elimination or any modification of the Price-Anderson Acts indemnification authority could have adverse consequences for our business.

The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, or the AEA, comprehensively regulates the manufacture, use, and storage of radioactive materials. The Price-Anderson Act supports the nuclear services industry by offering broad indemnification to DOE contractors for liabilities arising out of nuclear incidents at DOE nuclear facilities. That indemnification protects DOE prime contractor, but also similar companies that work under contract or subcontract for a DOE prime contract or transporting radioactive material to or from a site. The indemnification authority of the DOE under the Price-Anderson Act was extended through 2025 by the Energy Policy Act of 2005.

The Price-Anderson Act’s indemnification provisions generally do not apply to our processing of radioactive waste at governmental facilities, and do not apply to liabilities that we might incur while performing services as a contractor for the DOE and the nuclear energy industry. If an incident or evacuation is not covered under Price-Anderson Act indemnification, we could be held liable for damages, regardless of fault, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. If such indemnification authority is not applicable in the future, our business could be adversely affected if the owners and operators of new facilities fail to retain our services in the absence of commercial adequate insurance and indemnification.

We are engaged in highly competitive businesses and typically must bid against other competitors to obtain major contracts.

We are engaged in highly competitive business in which most of our government contracts and some of our commercial contracts are awarded through competitive bidding processes. We compete with national and regional firms with nuclear services practices, as well as small or local contractors. Some of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than we do, which can give them a competitive advantage. In addition, even if we are qualified to work on a new government contract, we might not be awarded the contract because of existing government policies designed to protect certain types of businesses and underrepresented minority contractors. Competition also places downward pressure on our contract prices and profit margins. Intense competition is expected to continue for nuclear service contracts. If we are unable to meet these competitive challenges, we could lose market share and experience on overall reduction in our profits.

Our failure to maintain our safety record could have an adverse effect on our business.

Our safety record is critical to our reputation. In addition, many of our government and commercial customers require that we maintain certain specified safety record guidelines to be eligible to bid for contracts with these customers. Furthermore, contract terms may provide for automatic termination in the event that our safety record fails to adhere to agreed-upon guidelines during performance of the contract. As a result, our failure to maintain our safety record could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We continue to have material weaknesses in our Internal Control over Financial Reporting (“ICFR”).

During our evaluation of our ICFR, we noted that the monitoring of invoicing process controls and the corresponding transportation and disposal process controls at our Industrial Segment subsidiaries were ineffective and were not being applied consistently.  In addition, we noted that the monitoring of quote to invoicing control was ineffective at certain of our Nuclear Segment subsidiaries.  These deficiencies resulted in material weaknesses to our ICFR, and could result in sales being priced and invoiced at amounts which were not approved by the customer, or the appropriate level of management, and recognition of revenue in incorrect financial reporting period.  These deficiencies have resulted in our disclosure that our ICFR was ineffective as of the end of 2008 and 2007.  Although these material weaknesses did not result in a material adjustment to our quarterly or annual financial statements, if we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses, there is a reasonable possibility that a misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
7

We may be unable to utilize loss carryforwards in the future.

We have approximately $26,589,000 in net operating loss carryforwards which will expire from 2009 to 2028 if not used against future federal income tax liabilities.  Our net loss carryforwards are subject to seasonal factors which causevarious limitations.  Our ability to use the net loss carryforwards depends on whether we are able to generate sufficient income in the future years.  Further, our revenuesnet loss carryforwards have not been audited or approved by the Internal Revenue Service.

Risks Relating to fluctuate.

our Intellectual Property


If we cannot maintain our governmental permits or cannot obtain required permits, we may not be able to continue or expand our operations.

We have experienced reduced revenues, operating losses or decreased operating profits during the first and fourth quarters of our fiscal years due toare a seasonal slowdown in operations from poor weather conditions and overall reduced activities during the holiday season. During our second and third fiscal quarters there has historically been an increase in revenues and operating profits.

waste management company. Our revenues in our Industrial Waste Management Services arebusiness is subject to economic downturns.

           Our Industrial Waste Management Services segment is generally adversely affected by economic downturns. Reductions in industrial production results in reduced levelsextensive, evolving, and increasingly stringent federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations. Such federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations govern our activities regarding the treatment, storage, recycling, disposal, and transportation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste being generated and/and low-level radioactive waste. We must obtain and maintain permits or sent off for treatment.  licenses to conduct these activities in compliance with such laws and regulations. Failure to obtain and maintain the required permits or licenses would have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial condition. If any of our facilities are unable to maintain currently held permits or licenses or obtain any additional permits or licenses which may be required to conduct its operations, we may not be able to continue those operations at these facilities, which could have a material adverse effect on us.


We believe our proprietary technology is important to us.

We believe that it is important that we maintain our revenuesproprietary technologies. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by us to protect our proprietary technologies will be adequate to prevent misappropriation of these technologies by third parties. Misappropriation of our proprietary technology could have an adverse effect on our operations and profits were negatively affected within this segmentfinancial condition. Changes to current environmental laws and regulations also could limit the use of our proprietary technology.

Risks Relating to our Financial Position and Need for Financing

Breach of financial covenants in existing credit facility could result in a default, triggering repayment of outstanding debt under the credit facility.

Our credit facility with our bank contains financial covenants. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our credit facility triggering our lender to immediately require the repayment of all outstanding debt under our credit facility and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. In the past, none of our covenants have been restrictive to our operations.  If we fail to meet our loan covenants in the future and our lender does not waive the non-compliance or revise our covenant so that we are in compliance, our lender could accelerate the repayment of borrowings under our credit facility.  In the event that our lender accelerates the payment of our borrowing, we may not have sufficient liquidity to repay our debt under our credit facility and other indebtedness.

Our amount of debt and floating rates of interest could adversely affect our operations.

At December 31, 2008, our aggregate consolidated debt was approximately $16,203,000. If our floating rates of interest experienced an upward increase of 1%, our debt service would increase by approximately $162,000 annually.  Our secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) provides for an aggregate commitment of $25,000,000, consisting of an $18,000,000 revolving line of credit and a term loan of $7,000,000.  The maximum we can borrow under the downturn inrevolving part of the Credit Facility is based on a percentage of the amount of our eligible receivables outstanding at any one time.  As of December 31, 2008, we had borrowings under the revolving part of our Credit Facility of $6,500,000 and borrowing availability of up to an additional $5,400,000 based on our outstanding eligible receivables.   A lack of operating results could have material adverse consequences on our ability to operate our business.  Our ability to make principal and interest payments, or to refinance indebtedness, will depend on both our and our subsidiaries' future operating performance and cash flow. Prevailing economic conditions, interest rate levels, and financial, competitive, business, and other factors affect us.  Many of these factors are beyond our control.
8

Risks Relating to an Investment in 2001,our Common Stock

Issuance of substantial amounts of our common stock could depress our stock price.

Any sales of substantial amounts of our Common Stock in the public market could cause an adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock and thatcould impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities.  The issuance of our Common Stock will result in the dilution in the percentage membership interest of our stockholders and the dilution in ownership value.  As of December 31, 2008, we had 53,934,560 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

In addition, as of December 31, 2008, we had outstanding options to purchase 3,417,347 shares of common stock at exercise prices from $1.22 to $2.98 per share.  Further, we have adopted a preferred share rights plan, and if such is triggered, could result in the issuance of a substantial amount of our common stock.  The existence of this trend has continued into 2002.

-7-

quantity of rights to purchase our common stock could result in a significant dilution in the percentage ownership interest of our stockholders and the dilution in ownership value. Future sales of the shares issuable could also depress the market price of our common stock.


We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.


Since our inception, we have not paid cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We intend to retain future earnings, if any, to provide funds for the operation and/or expansion of our business.

            The terms of the Series 17 Preferred allow us to pay dividends on the outstanding Series 17 Preferred in cash or common stock. We currently intend to pay the dividends accruing on the Series 17 Preferred in common stock if, and when, declared and paid by our Board of Directors. The actual number of shares of common stock issuable in payment of accrued dividends on the Series 17 Preferred will depend upon the length of time the Series 17 Preferred is outstanding and the price of the common stock at the time of payment of dividends. Our credit facilityCredit Facility prohibits us from paying cash dividends on our common stock.


The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, which may make it difficult for you to resell our common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.

The price of our common stock on the Series 17 Preferred withoutNasdaq Capital Markets constantly changes. We expect that the lender's prior written consent.

Wemarket price of our common stock will not realize a benefit fromcontinue to fluctuate. This may make it difficult for you to resell the common stock when you want or at prices you find attractive.


Future issuance or potential issuance of our loss carryforwardscommon stock could adversely affect the price of our common stock, our ability to raise funds in new stock offerings and dilute your percentage interest in our common stock.

Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect prevailing trading prices of our common stock, and impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity.  No prediction can be made as to the effect, if we are unable to generate income.

            Weany, that future issuances or sales of shares of common stock or the availability of shares of common stock for future issuance, will have approximately $19.2 million in net operating loss carryforwards which will expire from 2007 to 2021 if not used againston the trading price of our common stock.  Such future federal income tax liabilities. Our net loss carryforwards are subject to various limitations and have not been approved by the Internal Revenue Service. We anticipate the net loss carryforwards will be used toissuances could also significantly reduce the federal income tax payments which we would otherwise be required to make with respect to income, if any, generated in future years.

percentage ownership and dilute the ownership value of our existing common stockholders.


Delaware law, certain of our charter provisions, the presence of one substantial stockholder, and our stock option plans and outstanding warrants and our preferred stock may inhibit a change of control under circumstances that could give you an opportunity to realize a premium over prevailing market prices.


We are a Delaware corporation governed, in part, by the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, an anti-takeover law. In general, Section 203 prohibits a Delaware public corporation from engaging in a "business combination"“business combination” with an "interested stockholder"“interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business contributioncombination is approved in a prescribed manner. As a result of Section 203, potential acquirers may be discouraged from attempting to effect acquisition transactions with us, thereby possibly depriving our security holders of certain opportunities to sell, or otherwise dispose of, their stock in ussuch securities at above-market prices pursuant to such transactions. Further, certain of our 1991 Performance Equity Plan, 1992 Outside Directors Stock Option Plan, and 1993 Nonqualified Stock Option Planoption plans provide for the immediate acceleration of, and removal of restrictions from, options and other awards under such plans upon a "change“change of control"control” (as defined in the respective plans). Such provisions may also have the result of discouraging acquisition of us.

The issued

9

We have authorized and unissued 17,648,093 (which include outstanding options to purchase 3,417,347 shares of Series 17 Preferred held by Capital Bank and the warrants held by Capital Bank, as agent for certain investors, could discourage other persons from attempting to acquire us. If Capital Bank acquires the 1,666,667 additionalour Common Stock) shares of common stock issuable upon conversionCommon Stock and 2,000,000 shares of the outstanding Series 17 Preferred and the 4,358,650 additionalStock as of December 31, 2008 (which includes 600,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the warrants held in Capital Bank's name, then Capital Bank will own approximately 15,283,989 or 37.9% of our outstanding common stock, which includes the 9,258,672 shares of common stock directly held by Capital Bank as of September 12, 2002, but does not include the shares of common stock which may be issuable in payment of dividends on the Series 17 Preferred. This percentage assumes that no shares of common stock are issued after September 12, 2002, other than to Capital Bank in connection with the conversion of the Series 17 Preferred and exercise of the warrants. In this event,if Capital Bank's investors agree to act as a group for the purpose of voting on matters subject to stockholder vote, we may have insufficient remedies to avoid an actual change in control in favor of such group of Capital Bank investors. Consequently, the issued and outstanding shares of the Series 17 Preferred and the common stock held by Capital Bank could discourage other persons from attempting to acquire us even if Capital Bank's investors do not act as a group to seek to obtain control.  We are not aware of any agreement or understanding among Capital Bank's investors to act as a group.

-8-

           Under our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the "Certificate"), as of October 1, 2002, 40,701,618 shares of common stock (including 988,000 treasury shares) are available for future issuance, of which 18,760,619 areStock reserved for issuance under our outstanding preferred stock, options and warrants.share rights plan).  These authorizedunissued shares are necessary to provide us with the ability to issue common stock from time to time as needed for proper corporate purposes, such as:

            *      
raising capital funds through private or public offerings;

            *      acquiring other companies;

            *      declaring stock splits or stock dividends; and

            *      issuing common stock under warrants, preferred stock, or other rights which may be granted by us 
                    from time to time in the future.

            Additional authorization of shares of common stock could be used by incumbentour management to make it more difficult, and thereby discourage an attempt to acquire control of us, even thoughus.


Our Preferred Share Rights Plan may adversely affect our stockholders.

In May 2008, we adopted a preferred share rights plan (the “Rights Plan”), designed to ensure that all of our stockholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event of a proposed takeover or abusive tender offer.  However, the Rights Plan may deem such an acquisition desirable.also have the effect of deterring, delaying, or preventing a change in control that might otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.

In general, under the terms of the Rights Plan, subject to certain limited exceptions, if a person or group acquires 20% or more of our common stock or a tender offer or exchange offer for 20% or more of our common stock is announced or commenced, our other stockholders may receive upon exercise of the rights (the “Rights”) issued under the Rights Plan the number of shares our common stock or of one-one hundredths of a share of our Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share, having a value equal to two times the purchase price of the Right.  In addition, if we are acquired in a merger or other business combination transaction in which we are not the survivor or more than 50% of our assets or earning power is sold or transferred, then each holder of a Right (other than the acquirer) will thereafter have the right to receive, upon exercise, common stock of the acquiring company having a value equal to two times the purchase price of the Right.  The issuancepurchase price of neweach Right is $13, subject to adjustment.

The Rights will cause substantial dilution to a person or group that attempts to acquire us on terms not approved by our board of directors. The Rights may be redeemed by us at $0.001 per Right at any time before any person or group acquires 20% or more of our outstanding common stock.  The rights should not interfere with any merger or other business combination approved by our board of directors. The Rights expire on May 2, 2018. 

Resale of shares offered by this prospectus could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to raise additional equity capital.

The sale, or availability for sale, of common stock and/in the public market pursuant to this prospectus may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock and may impair our ability to raise additional capital by selling equity or preferredequity-related securities. This prospectus includes 5,000,000 shares that will be available for resale (assuming the issuance from time to time of all of the common stock could also be used to dilute the stock ownership and voting powerincluded in this offering).  The resale of a third party seeking to remove the directors, replace incumbent directors, accomplish certain business combinations alter, amend, or repeal portionssubstantial number of shares of our Certificate or discourage or prohibit a takeover of us. See "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - Amendmentcommon stock in the public market pursuant to Our Charter."

this offering, and afterwards, could adversely affect the market price for our common stock and make it more difficult for you to sell our shares at times and prices that you feel are appropriate.
10


SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


ThisCertain statements contained within this prospectus contains forward-looking statements.and the documents incorporated into this prospectus by reference may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (collectively, the “Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995”).  All statements in this prospectus and the documents incorporated into this prospectus by reference other than statementsa statement of historical fact in this prospectus are forward-looking statements including statements regarding, amongthat are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other things:

            *     
our current objective to develop innovative technologies for the treatment of nuclear, mixed 
                   and industrial waste;
            *     our ability or inability to improve operations and become profitable on an annualized basis and 
                   continue our operations;
            *     our ability to protect our proprietary technologies;
            *     our anticipated financial performance;
            *     our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards against future federal income tax liabilities;
            *     our ability to comply with our general working capital requirements;
            *     our ability to retain certain permits or licenses;

            *     our ability to treat heavily contaminated wastewater streams at more competitive prices than
                    traditional methods; and
            *     the adoption of moratoriums or limitations by federa
l or state governments regarding the creation 
                   of new hazardous waste regulations.

Although we believe our expectations reflected in those forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, we cannot assure you that these expectations will prove to be correct.

           Important factors, which could cause actual results and performance of the Company to differ materially from such statements.  The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “will,” “may,” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.  Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, the statements listed under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in our 2008 Form 10-K, all of which are incorporated by reference herein, as well as those forward-looking statements identified in our other SEC filings incorporated by reference in this prospectus.


While we believe the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance such expectations will prove to be correct.  There are a variety of factors which could cause future outcomes to differ materially from those described in this prospectus include,report, including, but are not limited to:
·general economic conditions;
·material reduction in revenues;
·inability to collect in a timely manner a material amount of receivables;
·increased competitive pressures;
·the ability to maintain and obtain required permits and approvals to conduct operations;
·the ability to develop new and existing technologies in the conduct of operations;
·ability to retain or renew certain required permits;
·discovery of additional contamination or expanded contamination at any of the sites or facilities leased or owned by us or our subsidiaries which would result in a material increase in remediation expenditures;
·changes in federal, state and local laws and regulations, especially environmental laws and regulations, or in interpretation of such;
·potential increases in equipment, maintenance, operating or labor costs;
·management retention and development;
·financial valuation of intangible assets is substantially more/less than expected;
·the requirement to use internally generated funds for purposes not presently anticipated;
·the inability to maintain the listing of our Common Stock on the NASDAQ;
·terminations of contracts with federal agencies or subcontracts involving federal agencies, or reduction in amount of waste delivered to us under these contracts or subcontracts;
·disposal expense accrual could prove to be inadequate in the event the waste requires retreatment; and
·other factors described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and in the other documents we have filed with the SEC and that are incorporated herein by reference, including the factors described under “Business,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 and that may be discussed from time to time in other reports filed with the SEC subsequent to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as to the following:

           *      general economic conditions;
           *      material reduction in revenues;
           *      inability to collect in a timely manner a material amount of receivables;
           *      increased competitive pressures;
           *      inability to maintain and obtain required permits and approvals to conduct operations;
           *      reduction in revenues and profitability of services provided by us due to increased competition;

-9-


           *      future federal tax audit or auditsdate on which could reduce our loss carryforwards;
           *      limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code or our inability to utilize our loss carryforwards;
           *      inability to develop new and existing technologies in the conduct of operations or to develop such
                   technologies for commercial use;
           *     changes in federal, state, and local laws and regulations, especially environmental regulations, or 
                   in the interpretation of such laws and regulations;
           *      potential increases in equipment, maintenance, operating or labor costs;
           *      management retention and development;
           *      inability to become profitable, and, if unable to become profitable, our inability to secure additional 
                   liquidity in the form of additional equity or debt;
           *      inability to maintain the listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq;
           *      cancellation of one or more subcontracts issued to M&EC in connection with government contracts;
           *      M&EC's limited operating history; and
           *      the factors set forth under "Risk Factors" beginning on page 2 of this prospectus.

            In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "could," "would," "expect," "plan," "anticipate," "believe," "continue," or the derivative of these terms or other similar expressions. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified by the cautionary statements included in this prospectus.that statement is made.  We undertake no obligation to update or revise ourforward-looking statements,publicly any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.  In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this prospectus might not occur.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Private Placement: Unit Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants

            On July 30, 2001, we completed a private placement offering of units (the "Private Placement") to accredited investors. Each unit is comprised of one share of our common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock (a "Unit Warrant"). The purchase price for each unit was $1.75, and the exercise price of each Unit Warrant is $1.75, subject to adjustment under certain conditions. We accepted subscriptions for 4,397,566 of the maximum 4,400,000 units offered, for an aggregate purchase price of $7,695,740. This prospectus is part of the registration statement which registers for resale 4,010,638 of the 4,397,566 shares of common stock issued pursuant to the Private Placement and 4,352,893 of the 4,397,566 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants issued pursuant to the Private Placement.

           Under the terms of the Private Placement, we appointed Larkspur Capital Corporation ("Larkspur"), Ryan, Beck & Co., formerly Ryan, Beck & Co., L.L.C. ("Ryan Beck"), and National Securities Corporation ("National") as placement agents (each, a "Placement Agent") to place the units as our agent and to assist in completing the Private Placement. We paid each Placement Agent a private placement fee equal to 7.5% of the aggregate purchase price for units placed by that particular Placement Agent. We also issued to each Placement Agent warrants to purchase up to the number of shares of common stock equal to 7% of the aggregate purchase price for units placed by that particular Placement Agent, divided by $1.75 (the "Placement Agent Warrants"). The Placement Agent Warrants are for a term of five years and have an exercise price of $1.75 per share. As a result, we paid the Placement Agents $202,500 in total fees and issued to them Placement Agent Warrants for the purchase of up to an aggregate of 108,000 shares of common stock. On June 26, 2002, Ryan Beck assigned a portion of its Placement Agent Warrants for the purchase of 11,000 shares to managing directors of Ryan Beck. On July 17, 2002, Larkspur assigned all of its Placement Agent Warrants for the purchase of 34,000 shares to certain managing directors of Larkspur. On July 30, 2002, Ryan Beck assigned to Associated Mezzanine Investors, L.L.C. ("AMI") a portion of such warrants for the purchase of 10,000 shares, and Larkspur assigned to AMI a portion of such warrants for the purchase of 10,000 shares.  This prospectus is part of the registration statement which registers for resale the 108,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants.

-10-

           The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants are subject to adjustment, from time to time, if we:

           *     (a)  pay a dividend in, or make a distribution of, shares of capital stock on our outstanding common 

                  stock; (b) subdivide our outstanding shares of common stock into a greater number of shares; or 
11


                  (c) combine our outstanding shares of common stock into a smaller number of shares; and

           *     consolidate with, or merge into, another corporation (other than a consolidation or merger which does 
                   not result in any reclassification or change of the outstanding common stock).

            The Private Placement was sold only to accredited investors as that term is defined under Regulation D of the Act. Capital Bank, as agent for certain of its investors, subscribed for 842,995 units under the Private Placement. Asserting Austrian law, Capital Bank would not disclose the identities of its investors to us at the time of the Private Placement, but Capital Bank did represent to us that all of its investors were accredited investors. Capital Bank directly owns, as agent for its investors, 9,258,672 shares of common stock, or 27.0% of our outstanding common stock as of September 12, 2002, and holds warrants and convertible preferred stock entitling it to purchase or receive up to an additional 6,025,317 shares of common stock. See "POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL" beginning on page 13 of this prospectus for a discussion of Capital Bank's ownership of our securities as agent for its various investors.

           Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq and the Boston Stock Exchange ("BSE"). Although the BSE approved the listing of the shares of common stock to be issued in connection with the Private Placement and upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants, the Nasdaq advised the Company that the Private Placement could violate Nasdaq Rule 4350(i)(1)(D) governing the listing of additional securities on the Nasdaq as originally structured.

           Rule 4350(i)(1)(D) generally provides that a corporation may not, through a private offering such as the Private Placement, issue a number of shares of common stock equal to or greater than 20% of the corporation's outstanding common stock at a price less than the greater of book or market value of the common stock without first obtaining shareholder approval. Because the price of our common stock as reported on the Nasdaq rose from $1.6875 per share on the date the Private Placement commenced to $2.27 on the date the Private Placement terminated, numerous subscription agreements were executed at a time when the market value per share of common stock was greater than the $1.75 purchase price per unit. The Nasdaq claimed that the subscription agreements executed on a date when the market price was greater than the $1.75 unit purchase price represented sales at less than the greater of book or market value of the common stock, thereby violating Rule 4350(i)(1)(D).

             In order to comply with Rule 4350(i)(1)(D), we agreed with Nasdaq to restructure the Private Placement so that (a) the number of Units offered was reduced from 5,000,000 to 4,400,000, and (b) the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants could not be exercisable until our stockholders approved the issuance of the shares of common stock upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants. As a result of the modifications, only 4,397,566 shares of common stock, representing approximately 19.5% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock as of the commencement of the Private Placement, were issued under the Private Placement without stockholder approval.

            On June 14, 2002, we held a special meeting of our stockholders (the "Special Meeting"). At the Special Meeting, the stockholders entitled to vote approved the issuance of the shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants. 

-11-

Amendment to our Charter

            Prior to our Special Meeting held on June 14, 2002, our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the "Certificate"), authorized 52,000,000 shares of capital stock of the Company, comprised of 50,000,000 shares of authorized common stock, par value $.001 per share, and 2,000,000 shares of authorized preferred stock, par value $.001 per share. At the Special Meeting,our Board of Directors recommended, and our stockholders approved, an amendment to the Certificate increasing our authorized shares of common stock from 50,000,000 to 75,000,000 (the "Amendment").

The Amendment was necessary to allow the issuance of common stock upon the exercise or conversion of all of our outstanding convertible securities and other rights to acquire our common stock. As of September 12, 2002, 34,298,382 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, leaving 40,701,618 authorized shares (including 988,000 treasury shares) available to satisfy our existing reserve obligations. As of that date, at least 20,356,763 shares of common stock are required to be reserved for potential issuances, which include the following shares:

            *     87,100 shares issuable or which could be issuable under our 1991 Performance Equity Plan;

            *     315,669 shares issuable or which could be issuable under our 1992 Outside Directors Stock Option 
                   and Incentive Plan;

            *    approximately 3,681,691 shares issuable or which could be issuable under our 1993 Nonqualified Stock 
                   Option Plan;

           *      approximately 194,084 shares issuable or which could be issuable under our 1996 Employee Stock 
                    Purchase Plan;

           *      14,411,552 shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding warrants granted by the Company 
                    (including the various warrants included in this prospectus); and

           *      up to 1,666,667 shares issuable upon conversion of 2,500 outstanding shares of our Series 17 
                   Class Q Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Series 17 Preferred").

           By increasing the number of authorized shares of common stock beyond the existing reserve requirement, shares will be available for issuance from time to time as needed for such proper corporate purposes as may be determined by the Board of Directors. These corporate purposes might include the following:

          *      the raising of capital funds through private or public offerings;
          *      the acquisition by us of other companies,
          *      the declaration of stock splits or stock dividends, and
          *      the issuance of common stock under warrants, preferred stock, or other rights which may be granted 
                  by us from time to time
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise indicated in the future.

The Board may issue authorized common stock without future stockholder approval, except as may be required by applicable law or rule ofprospectus supplement, we intend to use the BSE or Nasdaq (if the Company's securities are then listed on the BSE or the Nasdaq). The issuance of additional shares of common stock could have a detrimental effect upon existing holders of the Company's common stock (see "RISK FACTORS").

-12-

Amendments to the Oak Ridge Contracts

            As previously discussed in this prospectus, our subsidiary, M&EC, is primarily operating under three subcontracts involving contracts with the DOE. For a number of months, M&EC has been in negotiations with the general contractor to amend the pricing terms of the subcontracts to allow M&EC to bill additional amounts primarily for drum density and chemical content and for certain surcharges under other conditions. On July 2, 2002, the pricing structure under the subcontracts was amended to allow M&EC to charge additional amounts for certain waste drums received primarily in connection with drum density and chemical content. The amended pricing structure applies to all waste received by M&EC under the subcontracts from January 1, 2002, and on all future waste received under these subcontracts. As a result of these amendments, M&EC billed approximately an additional $2million in the third quarter for work completed during the first six months of 2002. M&EC is still in negotiations as to any surcharges that may be added to the pricing structure under the subcontracts.

Bio-Fix(R) Process

 In September 2002, we completed the construction of our new Bio-Fix(R) process at our Ohio waste treatment facility.  The facility has begun accepting commercial wastewater for treatment through this process.

            The Bio-Fix(R) process is a new technology which we developed utilizing our patented variable depth biological treatment process and several proprietary water treatment processes.  The Bio-Fix(R) process is designed to remove certain organic constituents from highly organic, contaminated wastewaters.  We believe that the Bio-Fix(R) process will enable us to treat heavily contaminated wastewater streams, such as waste oils, phenals, and "lean" waters, at more competitive prices than traditional methods.

            The new process meets the EPA's new centralized treatment standards that become effective in 2003, potentially giving us an advantage over competing treatment facilities.

POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL

            As of September 12, 2002, Capital Bank owned of record, as agent for certain accredited investors, 9,258,672 shares of common stock representing 27.0% of our issued and outstanding common stock. As of that date, Capital Bank also had the right to acquire an additional 6,025,317 shares of common stock, comprised of (a) 842,995 shares issuable upon exercise of the Unit Warrants purchased in the Private Placement by Capital Bank as agent for certain investors; (b) 3,515,655 shares of common stock issuable under various other warrants held by Capital Bank, as agent for certain investors; and (c) 1,666,667 shares of common stock issuable to Capital Bank upon the conversion of 2,500 shares of Series 17 Preferred held by Capital Bank. The Selling Stockholders table beginning on page 22 of this prospectus includes 109 persons and entities which, in the aggregate, beneficially own 3,143,115 shares of the common stock that are owned of record by Capital Bank and 2,725,548 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants held in Capital Bank's name, all as of September 12, 2002.

           If Capital Bank were to acquire all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the various warrants held by Capital Bank and the shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the Series 17 Preferred, then Capital Bank would own of record 15,283,989 shares of common stock, representing 37.9% of the issued and outstanding common stock. The foregoing estimates assume that we do not issue any other shares of common stock; no other warrants or options are exercised; we do not acquire additional shares of common stock as treasury stock; and Capital Bank does not dispose of any shares of common stock. 

           Capital Bank has advised us that it is a banking institution regulated by the banking regulations of Austria which holds shares of our common stock on behalf of numerous investors. Capital Bank asserts that it is precluded by Austrian law from disclosing the identities of its investors, unless so approved by each such investor. Asserting Austrian law, Capital Bank would not disclose to us the identities of its investors but did represent that all of its investors are accredited investors under Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Act. In addition, Capital Bank has advised us that none of

-13-

its investors beneficially own more than 4.9% of our common stock. Certain of its investors recently gave Capital Bank permission to disclose their identities in order to be included as Selling Stockholders in this prospectus. Capital Bank has further informed us that its clients (and not Capital Bank) maintain full voting and dispositive power over such shares. Consequently, Capital Bank has advised us that it believes it is not the beneficial owner, as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3, of the shares of our common stock registered in the name of Capital Bank because it has neither voting nor investment power, as such terms are defined in Rule 13d-3, over such shares. Capital Bank has informed us that it does not believe that it is required to file, and has not filed, reports under Section 16(a) or to file either Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G in connection with the shares of our common stock registered in the name of Capital Bank.

            If Capital Bank's investors agree to, or reach an understanding to, act as a group or otherwise to act in concert for the purposes of voting on matters subject to stockholder vote, our operations and management could be greatly impacted. For example, if Capital Bank acquires the shares of common stock described in the previous paragraph, the Capital Bank investor group may be able to cause a change in at least 50% of the members of our Board of Directors. This change in Board membership could be an event of default under our $22 million credit facility (the "Credit Facility") and our $5.6 million outstanding Subordinated Notes. If the Capital Bank investor group were to cause Dr. Louis Centofanti to be removed from our Board of Directors or as our president and chief executive officer, the removal could be an event of default under the Credit Facility and the Subordinated Notes. The Company is not aware of any agreement or understanding among Capital Bank's investors to act as a group.

            If the representations by Capital Bank are incorrect or Capital Bank was historically acting on behalf of its investors as a group, rather than on behalf of each investor independent of other investors, then Capital Bank and/or the investor group would have become a beneficial owner (as that term is defined under Rule 13d-3 as promulgated under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) of more than 10% of our common stock. Capital Bank and/or its investor group has not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Company, among other reports, any Forms 3, 4 or 5, and has not filed any applicable Schedules 13D or 13G as a result of acquiring shares of our voting equity securities.

            Because Capital Bank (a) has advised us that it holds the common stock as a nominee only and that it does not have or share voting or investment power over our common stock held in its name and that no one investor of Capital Bank for which it holds our common stock holds more than 4.9% of our issued and outstanding common stock; (b) has no right to, and is not believed to possess the power to, exercise control over our management or our policies; (c) has not nominated, and has not sought to nominate, a director to our board; and (d) has no representative serving as an executive officer of the Company, we do not believe that Capital Bank is an affiliate of the Company.

USE OF PROCEEDS

           We will not receive any part of the proceeds of the sale of Shares. We will receive approximately $19,732,000 if the Selling Stockholders exercise, for cash, all of the warrants covering Shares included in this prospectus. However, this amount would be reduced by $6,689,000 if all of the warrants having a cashless exercise option are exercised on a cashless basis. Any proceeds received by us from the exercise of these warrantswill be used by us for general corporate purposes.

            We have agreed to pay all costs and fees relating to the registration of the common stock covered by this prospectus, except for any discounts, concessions, or commissions payable to underwriters, dealers, or agents incident to the offering of the Shares covered by this prospectus, or any legal fees incurred by any Selling Stockholders relating to this offering.

-14-

SUMMARY OF SECURITIES BEING OFFERED

The 17,931,966 Shares covered by this prospectus are comprised of the following:

            *      4,010,638 shares issued pursuant to our Private Placement (see page 10);

            *      4,352,893 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Unit Warrants (see page 10);

            *      108,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants (see page 10);

           *      1,281,731 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Note Warrants (see page 15);

           *      1,793,178 shares issued pursuant to the Exchange Agreement (see page 17);

           *      1,741,926 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Exchange Warrant (see page 17);

           *      625,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Capital Exchange Warrant (see page 17);

           *      817,142 shares issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrants (see page 18);

           *      610,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the National Warrants (see page 20); and

           *      2,591,458 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Consultant Warrants (see page 20).

Private Placement; Unit Warrants; and Placement Agent Warrants

            The 4,010,638 shares issued pursuant to our recent Private Placement, the 4,352,893 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants, and the 108,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants are registered for resale in the registration statement, of which this prospectusis a part.  These shares are discussed under "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS - Private Placement; Unit Warrants and Placement Agent Warrants" beginning on page 10 of this prospectus. An additional 386,928 shares issued pursuant to the Private Placement and 44,673 shares issuable upon the exercise of Unit Warrants are not included in the Shares covered by this prospectus.

Note Warrants

            On July 31, 2001, we issued approximately $5.6 million of our 13.50% Senior Subordinated Notes due July 31, 2006 (the "Subordinated Notes"). The Subordinated Notes were issued pursuant to the terms of a Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2001 (the "Purchase Agreement"), between Associated Mezzanine Investors - PESI (I), L.P. ("AMI"), Bridge East Capital, L.P. ("BEC"), and us. The Subordinated Notes are unsecured and are unconditionally guaranteed by our subsidiaries. Our payment obligations under the Notes are subordinate to our payment obligations to our primary lender and to certain other of our debts up to an aggregate amount of $25 million. The net proceeds from the sale of the Subordinated Notes were used to repay certain short-term loans.

securities offered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes and working capital requirements, which may include the repayment of indebtedness.  Under the terms of our existing Credit Facility, we may also use a portion of the Purchase Agreement,net proceeds to fund possible investments in and acquisitions of complimentary businesses, partnerships, minority investments, products or technologies with the consent of our Credit Facility lender.  Currently, there are no commitments or agreements regarding such acquisitions or investments that are material.  Pending their ultimate use, we issuedintend to AMIinvest the net proceeds in money market funds, commercial paper and BEC warrantsgovernmental and non-governmental debt securities with maturities of up to three years.  The terms of our existing Credit Facility require us to maintain such investments with our Credit Facility lender or its affiliates, which investments serve as additional collateral under the Credit Facility.


PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the securities:
·through one or more underwriters or dealers,
·directly to purchasers,
·through agents, or
·through a combination of any of these methods of sale.

We may distribute the securities:

·from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed from time to time,
·at market prices prevailing at the times of sale,
·at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or
·at negotiated prices.
We will describe the method of distribution of the securities in the applicable prospectus supplement.
We may determine the price or other terms of the securities offered under this prospectus by use of an electronic auction.  We will describe how any auction will determine the price or any other terms, how potential investors may participate in the auction and the nature of the obligations of the underwriter, dealer or agent in the applicable prospectus supplement.
If underwriters are used in the sale, they will acquire the common stock for their own account and may resell the stock from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed public offering price.  The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the common stock will be subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable underwriting agreement.  We may offer the common stock to the public through underwriting syndicates represented by managing underwriters or by underwriters without a syndicate.  Underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us or our purchasers (as their agents in connection with the sale of securities).  These underwriters, dealers or agents may be considered to be underwriters under the Securities Act.  As a result, discounts, commissions, or profits on resale received by the underwriters, dealers or agents may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions.  Each prospectus supplement will identify any such underwriter, dealer or agent, and describe any compensation received by them from us.  Any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect to payments made by the underwriters, dealers or agents, under agreements between us and the underwriters, dealers and agents.
We may grant underwriters who participate in the distribution of securities an option to purchase additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, in connection with the distribution.
12

Underwriters or agents and their associates may be customers of, engage in transactions with or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business.
In connection with the offering of our common stock, certain persons participating in such offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price, including over-allotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act.  Over-allotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position.  Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.  Short covering transactions involve purchases of the common stock in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions.  Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the common stock originally sold by the dealer is purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions.  Those activities may cause the price of the common stock to be higher than it would otherwise be.  If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of the activities at any time.
Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on the NASDAQ Capital Markets may engage in passive market making transactions in the common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Global Markets in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of the common stock.  Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers.  In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, however, the passive market maker’s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded.
To the extent required, this prospectus may be amended and supplemented from time to time to describe a specific plan of distribution.

DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 1,281,73175,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value.  As of April 3, 2009, there were 54,019,324 shares of our common stock at an initial exercise price of $1.50 per share (the "Note Warrants"). The Note Warrants may be exercised at any time during a seven-year termissued and provide for cashless exercise. The number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants is subject to adjustment pursuant to certain anti-dilution provisions.

           The Note Warrants are exercisable at any time, from time to time, beginning July 31, 2001, until July 31, 2008 at an exercise price of $1.50 per share of common stock. The Note Warrants may also be exercised at the option of the holder pursuant to a cashless exercise provision, which permits the holder to surrender the Note Warrants in exchange for the

-15-

number of shares of common stock equal to the product of the number of shares of common stock designated to be exercised multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the current market price of the common stock less $1.50, the denominator of which is the current market price. The number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Note Warrants and the exercise price of the Note Warrants are subject to adjustment under certain circumstances summarized below.

            If, at any time after July 31, 2001, we issue or sell additional shares of common stock (including certain option and convertible securities under which common stock may be issued) without consideration or for a consideration per share less than the market price of the common stock on the date of, and immediately prior to, such issue or sale, the exercise price of the Note Warrants will be reduced to a price determined by multiplying the exercise price by a fraction:

            *      the numerator of which will be:

            (a)    the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately prior to such issue or sale, plus

            (b)    the number of shares of common stock which the aggregate consideration received by us for the 
                     total number of such additional shares of common stock issued or sold would purchase at the 
                     then market price; and

            *      the denominator of which will be the number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately 
                    after such issue or sale.

            Upon an adjustment in the exercise price of the Note Warrants, the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Note Warrants will be adjusted by multiplying the number of shares of common stock which would otherwise be issuable upon such exercise by a fraction:

            *      the numerator of which is $1.50; and

            *      the denominator of which is the exercise price, as may be adjusted under the terms of the Note Warrants.

             If after July 31, 2001, we declare a dividend or other distribution on our common stock other than a dividend payable in common stock or options for common stock or a regular periodic dividend payable in cash and declared out of earned surplus of the Company, the exercise price in effect prior to the record date for such dividend will be reduced to a price determined by multiplying the exercise price by a fraction (a) the numerator of which will be the current market price on such record date less the value of the dividend or distribution applicable to one share of common stock; and (b) the denominator of which shall be the current market price.

           The Note Warrants' anti-dilution terms further provide that, if after July 31, 2001, we:

           *      consolidate with or merge into another person without being the continuing or surviving corporation; or

           *      consolidate or merge with another person in which we are the continuing or surviving corporation but 
                   our common stock or other securities are exchanged for other securities of another person; or

           *      we transfer all or substantially all of our properties; or

           *      we effect a capital reorganization or reclassification of our common stock or other securities which are 
                   not subject to the anti-dilution provisions discussed above,

then the holders of the Note Warrants will be entitled to receive the amount of cash, securities or other property, which the holder would have been entitled to receive if holder had exercised the Note Warrants immediately prior to the transaction.

-16-

An exception to the above sentence is if a purchase, tender, or exchange offer has been accepted by our stockholders and following such purchase, tender, or exchange offer, the maker thereof, together with its affiliates own more than 50% of our outstanding common stock, then holders of the Note Warrants have the option to receive the amount of cash, securities, or other property to which the holder would have been entitled, if the holder of the Note Warrants had exercised the Note Warrants prior to the expiration of such purchase, tender or exchange offer and accepted such offer, and all of the common stock held by such holder had purchased pursuant to such purchase, tender or exchange offer.

The Subordinated Notes and Note Warrants were sold pursuant to an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Act"), and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Act, and, therefore, were not registered under the Act. outstanding.

The holders of the Note Warrants have the right to demand registration of the shares of common stock issuable under the Note Warrants on two occasions and also have certain piggyback registration rights. This prospectus is part of the registration statement which registers for resale the 1,281,731 shares of our common stock that are issuable uponentitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted on by stockholders.  Common stock holders are entitled to receive dividends declared by the exerciseboard of directors out of funds legally available for the Note Warrants.

           In connection with the salepayment of the Subordinated Notes, we entered into an Option Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, with AMI and BEC (the "Option Agreement"). Pursuantdividends, subject to the Option Agreement,rights, if any, of preferred stock holders.  However, we granted each purchaserhave never paid a dividend and we do not anticipate paying a dividend in the foreseeable future.  Our current secured credit facility prohibits us from paying cash dividends on our common stock.  Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our business, the Subordinated Notes an irrevocable option requiring us to purchase any or all of the Note Warrants or the sharesholders of common stock issuable under the Note Warrantsare entitled to share equally in all assets available for distribution after payment of all liabilities and provision for liquidation preference of shares of preferred stock then held by the purchaser (the "Put Option").outstanding.  The Put Option may be exercised at any time commencing July 31, 2004, and ending July 31, 2008. In addition, each purchaser granted us an irrevocable option to purchase all the Note Warrants or the sharesholders of common stock issuable under the Note Warrants then held by the purchaser (the "Call Option"). The Call Option may be exercised at any time commencing July 31, 2005,have no preemptive rights and ending July 31, 2008. The purchase price under the Put Option and the Call Option is based on the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the sum of six times our consolidated EBITDA for the period of the 12 most recent consecutive months minus Net Debt plus the Warrant Proceeds by (b) the number of Diluted Shares (as the terms EBITDA, Net Debt, Warrant Proceeds, and Diluted Shares are defined in the Option Agreement).

           Pursuantno rights to the guidance under EITF 00-19 on accounting for, and financial presentation of, securities that could potentially be settled in our stock, the Put Option would be classified outside of equity, based on the ability of the holder to require cash settlement. Also, EITF Topic D-98 discusses the accounting for a security that will become redeemable at a future determinable date and its redemption is variable. This is the case with the Note Warrants as the date is fixed, but the put or call price varies. The EITF gives two possible methodologies for valuing the securities. We have selected to account for the changes in redemption value immediately as they occur, and we will adjust the carrying value of the security to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. On June 30, 2002, the purchase price under the Put Option was in a negative position and, as a result, no liability was recorded for the redemption of the Put Option.

Exchange Agreement and Exchange Warrants

            On July 9, 2001, we entered into an agreement (the "Exchange Agreement") with Capital Bank to issue to Capital Bank, as agent for certain of its accredited investors, 1,893,505 shares of common stock and a warrant to purchase up to 1,839,405 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share (the "Exchange Warrant") in satisfaction of all amounts due or to become due under the Loan Agreement, dated August 29, 2000, between us and Capital Bank (the "$3 Million Loan") and a related Unsecured Promissory Note issued by us in favor of Capital Bank in the original principal amount of $3,000,000 (the "$3 Million Note"), including our obligations to issue to Capital Bank shares of common stock if the $3 Million Note was not paid by certain due dates. The $3 Million Note was due on July 1, 2001. This prospectus is part of a registration statement which registers for resale (a) 1,793,178 of the 1,893,505 shares issued on July 9, 2001, pursuant to the Exchange Agreement and (b) 1,741,926 of the 1,839,405 shares issuable upon the exercise of the Exchange Warrant.

             Upon the closing of the Exchange Agreement effective July 9, 2001, we paid to Capital Bank a closing fee of $325,000, payable in $75,000 cash and by issuing to Capital Bank 105,932 shares of common stock, with the number of shares being equal to the quotient of $250,000 divided by the last closing bid price of the common stock as quoted on the

-17-

Nasdaq on June 26, 2001. In addition, for consulting services in connection with the Exchange Agreement, we issued to Herbert Strauss a five-year warrant for the purchase of up to 625,000 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $1.75 per share (the "Capital Exchange Warrant"). The terms of the Exchange Warrant and the Capital Exchange Warrant are substantively similar.

           The Exchange Warrant is exercisable at any time, from time to time, on or after July 9, 2001, and prior to July 9, 2006. If we propose to sell substantially all of our assets or merge or consolidate, or effect a merger or consolidation in which we are not the survivor, and the consideration to be received by us or our shareholders consists solely of cash, then the Exchange Warrant will terminate unless exercised by the effective date of the sale or merger transaction. If the consideration to be received by us or our shareholders consists, in whole or in part, of consideration other than cash, the holder of the Exchange Warrant will have the right thereafter to purchase the kind and amount of the shares and other securities and property which would have been owned or entitled to be received after such sale or merger transaction had the Exchange Warrant been exercised immediately prior to such transaction.

           The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Exchange Warrant are subject to adjustment, from time to time, if we:

            *     declare and pay a dividend in shares of common stock or make a distribution, without receipt of 
                   consideration, in shares of common stock to holders of our outstanding common stock,

            *     subdivide our outstanding shares of common stock,

            *     combine our outstanding shares ofconvert their common stock into a smaller number of shares of common stock,any other securities.  There are no redemption or

            *     issue any shares of our capital stock in reclassification of our common stock for the number of shares 
                   of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Exchange Warrant.

Upon any such transaction, the Exchange Warrant will be adjusted so that the holder of the Exchange Warrant will be entitled sinking fund provisions applicable to receive the kind and number of shares of common stock or of our other securities which the holder would have owned or been entitled to receive had the Exchange Warrant been exercised in advance of such transaction.

            The holder of the Exchange Warrant will be entitled to purchase the number of shares of common stock or other securities, resulting from such adjustment at an exercise price per share of common stock or other security determined by:

           *      multiplying the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment by the number of shares 
                   of common stock purchasable pursuant to the Exchange Warrant immediately prior to such adjustment, 
                divided by,

        *      the number of shares of common stock or other securities resulting from such adjustment.

           The issuance of the common stock, the Exchange Warrant and the Capital Exchange Warrant under the terms of the Exchange Agreement was made pursuant to Section 4(2) and/or Rule 506 under Regulation D promulgated under the Act. Capital Bank has advised us that it is precluded by Austrian law from disclosing the identities of its investors at the time of the Exchange Agreement transaction, without the investors' permission. Asserting Austrian law, Capital Bank would not disclose to us the identities of its investors, but did represent to us that all of its investors are accredited investors under Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Act. Certain of its investors recently gave permission to Capital Bank to disclose their identities in order to be included as a Selling Stockholder in this prospectus. In addition, Capital Bank has advised the Company that none of its investors beneficially own more than 4.9% of our common stock.  See "POTENTIAL CHANGE OF CONTROL" for a discussion of Capital Bank's holdings of our securities.

-18-

           Until the summer of 2001, Herbert Strauss was employed by Capital Bank and was the Company's relationship contact at Capital Bank. During the summer of 2001, Capital Bank undertook a series of management changes. These changes included Mr. Strauss terminating his employment at Capital Bank and becoming a consultant to Capital Bank with the obligation to fulfill certain of his prior duties. It was during this period in which Mr. Strauss assisted the Company with the exchange of debt for equity. As compensation for his assistance to the Company, Mr. Strauss was issued the Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 625,000 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.

            Effective January 1, 2002, the Company and Mr. Strauss entered into a Consulting Agreement in which Mr. Strauss agreed to provide certain financial advisory and consulting services with respect to European investors only. Such services include assisting the Company with the introduction to investment bankers, general business development, and market exposure in Europe. The term of this agreement is one year, but will be terminated earlier if Capital Bank advises the Company that Capital Bank does not approve of the consulting arrangement. Mr. Strauss will be paid a consulting fee of $5,000 per month during the term of the agreement.

BHC Warrants

            On January 31, 2001, we entered into a definitive loan agreement with BHC Interim Funding, L.P. ("BHC"), pursuant to which BHC loaned us $6 million (the "BHC Loan"). The BHC Loan was payable on March 31, 2002, with interest payable monthly on the outstanding principal balance of the BHC Loan at the annual rate of 13.75%. We repaid the BHC Loan in full on July 31, 2001. Pursuant to the terms of the BHC Loan, we issued to BHC certain warrants (the "BHC Warrants") for the purchase of up to 817,142 shares of common stock at an initial exercise price of $1.4578 per share. This prospect is part of the registration statement which registers for resale the 817,142 shares issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrants.

            The BHC Warrants allow the holder to exercise the BHC Warrant without paying the exercise price in cash. Upon a cashless exercise, the holder will receive the number of shares of common stock equal to:

            *      the number of shares as to which the BHC Warrants are being exercised, minus

            *      the number of shares having an aggregate fair market value equal to the product of (a) the exercise 
                    price multiplied by (b) the number of shares as to which the BHC Warrants are being exercised.

            The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the BHC Warrants are subject to adjustment, from time to time, upon the occurrence of any of the following events. If we issue shares of common stock for a price per share less than the exercise price in effect before such issuance, the exercise price will be reduced to a price determined by multiplying the exercise price by a fraction having:

          *      the numerator equal to the total number of common stock shares outstanding plus the number of 
                  shares of common stock which the aggregate consideration received by us would purchase at 
                  such exercise price; and

         *      the denominator equal to the total number of shares of common stock outstanding immediately 
                 after such issuance.

These adjustments will not be made as a result of the grant or exercise of rights or options under our existing stock purchase and stock option plans or under our warrants which were outstanding on January 1, 2001.

            If we issue options or rights to subscribe for shares of common stock, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock, for a price less than the exercise price, the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance will be reduced to a price computed by the above-listed method. If we subdivide, combine, or pay a dividend in shares of common stock outstanding, the exercise price and number of shares issuable upon exercise of the

-19-

BHC Warrants will be proportionately decreased, or increased, as appropriate. If the exercise price is adjusted, the number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrant will be equal to:

            *      the product of: (a) the number of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrant
                    immediately prior to such adjustment, and (b) the exercise price immediately prior to such adjustment, 
                    divided by

            *      the exercise price immediately after such adjustment.

            The exercise price and the number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the BHC Warrants are subject to adjustment, from time to time, if we:

            *       reorganize or reclassify the outstanding shares of common stock;

            *       merge or consolidate with another corporation; or

            *       sell, lease or convey all, or substantially all, of our property, assets, business and goodwill to another 
                     entity.

Upon any such transaction, the BHC Warrant will be adjusted so that the holder of the BHC Warrant will be entitled to receive the kind and number of shares of common stock or of our other securities which the holder would have owned or been entitled to receive had the BHC Warrant been exercised in advance of such transaction.

             If we make a distribution of assets or securities to our stockholders, prior to the expiration of the BHC Warrant and prior to the exercise of the BHC Warrant, the holder of the BHC Warrant will be entitled, upon the exercise, to receive, in addition to the common stock it is entitled to receive, the same kind and amount of assets or securities as would have been distributed to it in a distribution had it been the holder of record of shares of common stock receivable upon exercise of the BHC Warrant on the record date for determination of those entitled to receive the distribution.

            If we dissolve, liquidate, or wind up our affairs at any time prior to the expiration or exercise of the BHC Warrant, the holder of the BHC Warrant will be entitled to receive, in lieu of our common stock, the same kind and amount of assets as would have been issued, distributed or paid to it upon the exercise of the BHC Warrant on the record date for the determination of those entitled to receive any such liquidating distribution.

            The holder of the BHC Warrants may, at any time and from time to time during the term of the BHC Warrants, request the registration of the BHC Warrant and common stock issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrants. Inaddition, the holder of the BHC Warrants is entitled, subject to certain conditions, to include the BHC Warrant and common stock issuable upon the exercise of the BHC Warrant in a registration statement covering other securities which the Registrant proposes to register.

National Warrants

            On December 5, 2000, we entered into a financial advisory and consulting agreement (the "Advisory and Consulting Agreement") with National Securities Corporation ("National"). Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory and Consulting Agreement, National performed various financial advisory services for the Company, including disseminating information to the investment community at large; and advising us as to the timing and structure of future offerings of equity securities. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory and Consulting Agreement, we issued to National two warrants (collectively, the "National Warrants"), consisting of (a) a warrant, dated June 1, 2001, for the purchase of up to 250,000 shares of common stock and exercisable for a period of five years at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, and (b) a warrant, dated June 1, 2001, for the purchase of up to 360,000 shares of common stock and exercisable for a period of five years at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. On July 30, 2002, National assigned a portion of the National Warrants to various

-20-

brokers and entities controlled by brokers of National entitling the assignees to acquire 247,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share and 340,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.

             The terms of the National Warrants provide that the holder may exercise a National Warrant without paying the exercise price in cash. Upon a cashless exercise, the holder will receive the number of shares equal to the product of (a) the number of shares of common stock as to which the National Warrant is being exercised, multiplied by (b) a fraction, the numerator of which is the market price of our common stock minus the exercise price, and the denominator is the market price.

             If we declare and pay a dividend in common stock into a greater number of shares, or if theAll outstanding shares of common stock are subdivided, combined or consolidated, then the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of the National Warrant or the exercise price will be proportionately increased or decreased, as appropriate.

              If we merge or consolidate with another entityfully paid and we are not the surviving entity, or if we sell or convey all or substantially all of our property, the holder of a National Warrant may receive, upon its exercise, the kindnonassessable.

The transfer agent and number of shares of common stock or of our other securities which the holder would have owned or been entitled to receive had the National Warrant been exercised in advance of such transaction.

The terms of the National Warrants provide that the holder has certain piggyback registration rights. This prospectus is part of the registration statement which registersregistrar for resale the 610,000 shares of our common stock that are issuable upon exercise of the National Warrants.

Consultant Warrants

             We have issued an aggregate of 2,591,458 warrants to purchase common stock (collectively, the "Consultant Warrants") in connection with retaining and compensating Larkspur Capital Corporation ("Larkspur"), Ryan, Beck & Co. ("Ryan Beck"), and Strategic Growth International, Inc. ("Strategic") for consulting and advisory services rendered to us. These consulting services related to the negotiation and completion of our $22 million credit facility, the BHC Loan, and the Purchase Agreement covering our Subordinated Notes. A portion of the Consultant Warrants issued to Larkspur and Ryan Beck were assigned by Larkspur and Ryan Beck to certain officers and/or managing directors of Larkspur and Ryan Beck or trusts controlled by such officer or managing director. Except as otherwise noted below, each of these warrants are for a term of five years with an exercise price of $1.44 per share. This prospectus is part of the registration statement which registers for resale the 2,591,458 shares of our common stock that are issuable upon the exercise of the Consultant Warrants.

             In connection with retaining the services of Larkspur, Ryan Beck, and Strategic, we issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 630,000 shares of common stock, consisting of (a) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan Beck, dated January 25, 2000, for the purchase of up to 75,000 shares and (b) warrants issued to Strategic, dated April 1, 1999, for the purchase of up to 480,000 shares. The warrants granted to Strategic are for a term of four years and have an exercise price of $1.20 per share as to 240,000 shares and $1.40 per share as to 240,000 shares.

           In connection with the negotiation and completion of our $22 million credit facility, we issued warrants for the purchase of an aggregate of 1,283,332 shares of common stock, consisting of (a) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan Beck, dated December 22, 2000, for the purchase of up to 534,722 shares, and (b) warrants issued to Strategic, dated December 22, 2000, for the purchase of up to 213,888 shares.

           In connection with the negotiation and completion of the BHC Loan, we issued warrants for the purchase of an aggregate of 349,999 shares of common stock, consisting of (a) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan Beck, dated January 31, 2001, for the purchase of up to 85,069 shares, (b) warrants issued to Strategic dated February 1, 2001, for the purchase of up to 34,028 shares, (c) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan Beck, dated March 9, 2001, for the purchase of up to 60,764 shares, and (d) warrants issued to Strategic, dated March 9, 2001, for the purchase of up to 24,305 shares.

-21-

           In connection with the negotiation and completion of the Purchase Agreement and our Subordinated Notes, we issued warrants for the purchases of up to an aggregate of 328,127 shares of common stock consisting of (a) warrants issued to each of Larkspur and Ryan Beck, dated July 31, 2001, for the purchase of up to 136,720 shares, and (b) warrants issued to Strategic, dated July 31, 2001, for the purchase of up to 54,687 shares.

           The terms of the Consultant Warrants provide that the holder may exercise a Consultant Warrant without paying the exercise price in cash. Upon a cashless exercise, the holder will receive the number of shares equal to the product of (a) the number of warrant shares as to which the warrant is being exercised, multiplied by (b) a fraction, the numerator of which is the market price of our common stock minus the exercise price, and the denominator is the market price.

           The exercise price or number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Consultant Warrants may be proportionately increased or decreased, as appropriate, if we subdivide or combine our common stock, or pay a dividend in common stock. When the exercise price is adjusted, the number of shares issuable upon exercise will also be adjusted multiplying a number equal to the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such adjustment by the number of shares issuable upon exercise of the Consultant Warrants immediately prior to such adjustment and dividing the product by the adjusted exercise price.

SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

          The following table sets forth as to each Selling Stockholder: (a) the name of each Selling Stockholder, (b) the amount of shares beneficially owned as of September 12, 2002, (c) the number of shares of common stock owned by each Selling Stockholder which are included under this prospectus, (d) the number of shares beneficially owned after the offering, assuming that all shares of common stock being offered hereby are sold and that such are outstanding, and (e) the percentage of common stock beneficially owned after completion of the offering. Unless otherwise noted, each Selling Stockholder has sole voting and investment power over the shares of common stock listed as beneficially owned by the Selling Stockholder.

           The common stock being offered includes shares of common stock which may be acquired upon: (a) the exercise of outstanding warrants, whether such are currently exercisable, and/or (b) conversion of outstanding shares of preferred stock, whether or not such are currently convertible.

           The percentage of common stock beneficially owned after completion of this offering assumes: (a) all shares of common stock covered by this prospectus are sold, (b) the Selling Stockholder does not acquire beneficial ownership of additional shares of common stock after the date of this prospectus, and (c) we do not issue any additional shares of common stock after the date of this prospectus, except the shares of common stock which a person has the right to acquire upon the exercise of warrants and conversion of preferred stock outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, but such shares are not determined to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The amounts indicated are based on outstanding common stock of34,298,382 shares as of September 12, 2002.





Selling Stockholder

Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
Prior to Offering



Common Stock
Being Offered
Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
After Offering
Number           % of Class
Associated Mezzanine-PESI(I), L.P.712,073(1)712,0730*
Associated Mezzanine Investors, L.L.C.20,000(1)20,0000*
David Avital286,000(2)286,0000*
Michael Bergin184,500(1)184,5000*
 

-22-

 





Selling Stockholder

Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
Prior to Offering



Common Stock
Being Offered
Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
After Offering
Number           % of Class
BHC Interim Funding, L.P.**817,142(1)817,1420*
Bridge East Capital, L.P.569,658(1)569,6580*
Catalyst Venture Capital, LLC**185,000(1)185,0000*
CICI 1999 Qualified Annuity171,430(2)171,4300*
Gerald B. Cramer171,430(2)171,4300*
CRM 1999 Enterprise Fund 3400,000(2)400,0000*
Paul Cronson**289,745(1)289,7450*
Michael DiDonna**1,000(1)1,0000*
Craig S. Eckenthal**114,286(2)114,2860*
Danny Ellis Living Trust700,000(3)500,000200,000*
Europa International, Inc.800,601(4)800,6010*
Harvey Gelfenbein57,142(2)57,1420*
Charlie Giaimo**7,000(1)7,0000*
Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust**3,000(1)3,0000*
Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust**3,000(1)3,0000*
Robert L. Goodwin**283,747(1)283,7470*
A.C. Israel Enterprises571,430(2)571,4300*
Michael J. Kollender**265,542(1)265,5420*
Kuekenhof Partners, L.P.80,000(2)80,0000*
Kuekenhof Equity Fund, L.P.120,000(2)120,0000*
Jack Lahav1,158,026(5)1,142,85815,168*
Joseph LaMotta57,142(2)57,1420*
Jay B. Langner57,142(2)57,1420*
Rocco LaVista**13,000(1)13,0000*
CarlLeschinski**10,000(1)10,0000*
The F. M. Grandchildren Trust85,714(2)85,7140*
Mathers Associates457,142(2)457,1420*
Robert C. Mayer, Jr.**289,746(1)289,7460*
Peter Melhado**230,000(2)230,0000*
Meera Murdeshwar**47,037(1)47,0370*
National Securities Corporation**63,000(1)63,0000*
 

 

-23-

 





Selling Stockholder

Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
Prior to Offering



Common Stock
Being Offered
Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
After Offering
Number           % of Class
Pamela Equities Corp.85,714(2)85,7140*
Josef Paradis286,000(2)286,0000*
Princeton Avenue Partners, LLC**185,000(1)185,0000*
Readington Associates114,286(2)114,2860*
Dr. Ralph Richart684,250(6)450,000234,250*
Randy F. Rock**265,540(1)265,5400*
Edward J. Rosenthal Profit
   Sharing Plan
57,142(2)57,1420*
Ryan Beck & Co.**381,838(1)381,8380*
Yariv Sapir IRA171,428(2)171,4280*
Jeffrey Sherry**3,355(1)3,3550*
Strategic Growth International, Inc.806,908(1)806,9080*
Herbert Strauss625,000(1)625,0000*
Scott Wheeler**1,500(1)1,5000*
Bruce Wrobel300,000(2)300,0000*
Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG, as agent for the following Selling Stockholders:(7)(8)
     Ewald Altrichter19,80219,8020*
     Thomas Amtmann80,79380,7930*
     Dr. Thomas Bauer11,88111,8810*
     Dr. Thomas Bernhart11,88111,8810*
     Otto W. Beuchert11,88111,8810*
     Capital Leben260,400260,4000*
     Draxler Christa23,76323,7630*
     Class Financial Holdings Ltd.486,249(9)257,430228,819*
     Gabriele Diesel17,22817,2280*
     Wolfgang Diesel74,85374,8530*
     Diesel Kinobetriebsgmbh22,77322,7730*
     Ing. Otto Dragoun149,507149,5070*
     Dragoun Projektentwicklung173,270173,2700*
     Dr. Manfred Ecker114,853114,8530*
 

-24-

 

 





Selling Stockholder

Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
Prior to Offering



Common Stock
Being Offered
Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
After Offering
Number           % of Class
     Mag. Wolfgang Egger11,48511,4850*
     Wolfgang Erber35,64435,6440*
     Jakob Falkner264,697(10)230,69734,000*
     Heidelinde Felber11,88111,8810*
     Peter Felber14,85214,8520*
     Wolfgang Fellner22,77322,7730*
     FMZ Privatstiftung39,60539,6050*
     Eifl Franz17,22817,2280*
     Ing. Wilhelm Fritsch11,88111,8810*
     Mag. Stefan Gfrerer34,65434,6540*
     Markus Gfrerer17,22817,2280*
     Peter Grasser79,20979,2090*
     Dir. Günther Grassl34,65434,6540*
     Dr. Andreas Grassl11,48511,4850*
     Dr. Ursula Groier11,48511,4850*
     DI Joachim Grutsch11,88111,8810*
     Alex Hahl11,48511,4850*
     Dr. Christian Harisch11,38611,3860*
     Jürgen Hasenhütl11,88111,8810*
     Mag. Helfried Heidinger35,64435,6440*
     Mag. Thomas Heidinger29,70329,7030*
     DI Andreas Heresch11,88111,8810*
     Ing. Peter Hittaller22,77322,7730*
     Dr. Margareta Hödl-Ganster79,20979,2090*
     DI Ferdinand Jeindl13,86213,8620*
     Dr. Erich Jeindl122,774122,7740*
     Mag. Oskar Jurinec11,48511,4850*
     Margarete Karner202,616(11)158,41844,200*
     Bernhard Kaufmann45,54545,5450*
     Dr. Claudius Kern11,88111,8810*
     Kurt Kinast16,83216,8320*
 

-25-

 





Selling Stockholder

Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
Prior to Offering



Common Stock
Being Offered
Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
After Offering
Number           % of Class
     Mag. Roland Klar23,76323,7630*
     Walter o. Mag. Elisabeth
      Kleinsasse
11,88111,8810*
     Gertaud oder Peter J. Kneissl55,44655,4460*
     Alfred Knollmüller11,48511,4850*
     Ingrid Köberl14,85214,8520*
     Dr. Wilfried Köhler11,38611,3860*
     Kurt Koller11,88111,8810*
     DI Gernot Kornar26,53526,5350*
     Mag. Ursula Krachler11,48511,4850*
     Mag. Gerhard Krammer11,88111,8810*
     Karin Krekel45,54545,5450*
     Maria Regina Krenn23,76323,7630*
     Kronberg Intern. Holdings S.A.544,749(12)114,853429,8961.3%
     Gerlinde Lang11,88111,8810*
     Rudolf Laudon11,88111,8810*
     Helga o. Dr. Robert Lipa34,65434,6540*
     Gerald Mariacher13,86213,8620*
     Renate Melcher19,80219,8020*
     Elisabeth oder Michael
     Mittendrein
11,88111,8810*
     Manfred Mostbacher11,88111,8810*
     Wolfgang oder Martina Nußhold138,616138,6160*
     Dietrich Oberdorfer34,65434,6540*
     Herbert Orthaber11,48511,4850*
     Vinzenz Pagger34,65434,6540*
     Helga Pfeifer17,28817,2280*
     Markus Plank11,48511,4850*
     Georg Plochberger345,550345,5500*
     Hermann oder Karin Pöltl79,20979,2090*
     Dr. Anne Prem57,42757,4270*
     Privatstiftung Hofmann346,540346,5400*
 

-26-

 





Selling Stockholder

Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
Prior to Offering



Common Stock
Being Offered
Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
After Offering
Number           % of Class
     Mag. Gerhard Rauchenwald11,48511,4850*
     Dr. Oliver Reistenhofer79,20979,2090*
     Robert Ringbauer11,88111,8810*
     DI Divoky Rudolf11,88111,8810*
     Elisabeth Rumpf11,88111,8810*
     Gernot Rumpold69,30869,3080*
     Josef Russold25,74325,7430*
     Dr. Oliver Sauer11,88111,8810*
     Erika Schatzmann59,40759,4070*
     Claudia Schiller34,65434,6540*
     Jutta Schnirring45,54545,5450*
     Leopold Schreiber11,88111,8810*
     Helga o. Josef Schubert29,70329,7030*
     Evelyn Schwarz22,77322,7730*
     Dipl. Ing. Wolgang Steinbauer11,88111,8810*
     DI Georg Stöttner34,65434,6540*
     Franz oder Karin Teuschler22,77322,7730*
     Ingeborg Teuschler11,88111,8810*
     Rebecca u. Olivia Thomas11,88111,8810*
     Mag. Siegwald Töfferl57,42757,4270*
     Venus Privatstiftung79,20979,2090*
     Merkur Versicherung118,814118,8140*
     Gottfried Vorraber11,48511,4850*
     Dr. G. Wagner11,88111,8810*
     Gerald Weindorfer11,48511,4850*
     Albert Wiedner11,88111,8810*
     Franz Wiedner11,88111,8810*
     Anton Wieser jun.55,44655,4460*
     Hannelore Wilhelmer11,88111,8810*
     Dr. Helrnfried Winter138,616138,6160*
 

-27-

 





Selling Stockholder

Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
Prior to Offering



Common Stock
Being Offered
Common Stock
Beneficially
 Owned
After Offering
Number           % of Class
     Christina Wolf11,48511,4850*
     Dr.Otto Wusche11,48511,4850*
     Susan Wuthe11,88111,8810*
     Mag. Alexander Zrost57,42757,4270*

* Less than 1%.

** This Selling Stockholder is an affiliate of a registered broker-dealer.

(1)    All of the shares indicated are issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(2)    One-half of the shares indicated are issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(3)    Includes 250,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants and 100,000 owned of record by D.W. 
         Investments, Inc. of which Mr. Ellis is the sole stockholder.

(4)    Includes 571,428 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(5)    Includes 571,429 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants and 15,000 issuable upon the exercise of 
        options.

(6)    Includes 225,000 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(7)    As of September 12, 2002, Capital Bank owned of record, as agent for certain accredited investors, 9,258,672 
        shares of common stock representing 27.0% of our issued and outstanding common stock. As of that date,
        Capital Bank also had the right to acquire an additional 6,025,317 shares of common stock, comprised of 
        (a) 4,358,650 shares of common stock issuable under various warrants held by Capital Bank, as agent for 
        certain investors and (b) 1,666,667 shares of common stock issuable to Capital Bank upon the conversion 
        of 2,500 shares of Series 17 Preferred held by Capital Bank, as agent for certain investors.
If Capital Bank 
        were to acquire all of the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the various warrants held 
        by Capital Bank and the shares of comm
on stock issuable upon conversion of the Series 17 Preferred, 
        then Capital Bank would own of record 15,283,989 shares of common stock, representing 37.9% of 
        the issued and outstanding common stock (assuming no other issuances of our common stock). 
        The Selling Stockholders identified in this table under the caption "Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe 
        AG, as agent for the following Selling Stockholders" include 109 persons and entities which, in 
        the aggregate, beneficially own 3,143,115 shares of the common stock that are owned of record by 
        Capital Bank and 2,725,548 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants held in 
        Capital Bank's name. The warrants held in Capital Bank's name are exercisable at exercise prices 
        ranging from $1.4219 to $1.9688 per share of common stock. Capital Bank may also acquire 
 additional shares as payment of dividends on the Seriesis Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company 17 Preferred. None of the shares includedBattery Place, Floor 8, New York, New York 10004-1123.


        in this prospectus are being offered for the account of Capital Bank. Capital Bank has advised 
        us that it is holding these warrants and shares on behalf of numerous clients, all of which are 
        accredited investors. Although Capital Bank is the record holder of the shares of common stock and 
        warrants described in this note, Capital Bank has advised us that (a) Capital Bank does not believe
         it is a beneficial owner of the common stock; (b) Capital Bank does not believe that it is required to 
         file reports under Section 16(a) or Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act; and (c) Capital Bank holds 
         the common stock as a nominee only, it does not exercise voting or investment power over the common 
         stock held in its name, and no one investor of Capital Bank for which it holds our common stock

-28-


  beneficially owns more than 4.9% of our issued and outstanding common stock.  Based on these 
         representations by Capital Bank, we believe that Capital Bank does not have, or share, voting or dispositive
         control, either directly or indirectly, of the shares of common stock owned of record by Capital Bank.
         Also, based on Capital Bank's representations and because Capital Bank (x) has no right to, and 
         is not believed to possess the power to, exercise control over our management or our policies; (y) has 
         not nominated, and has not sought to nominate, a director to our board; and (z) has no representative 
         serving as our executive officer, we do not believe that Capital Bank is our affiliate.  Capital Bank's 
         address is Burgring 16, 8010 Graz, Austria.  Capital Bank has advised us that it is a banking institution 
         regulated by the banking regulations of Austria. Capital Bank is a wholly owned subsidiary of Grazer 
         Wechselseitige Versicherung Aktiengesellschaft ("Grazer"). Capital Bank has advised us that Grazer 
          is wholly owned by Grawe Vermogensverwaltung, a mutual insurance association ("Grawe"). 
          Capital Bank has further advised us that the owners of Grawe are all insurance holders of Grazer with an 
         insurance agreement for more than one year. See "POTENTIAL CHANGE IN CONTROL."

(8)    Unless otherwise indicated, of the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by each of the 
         individuals and entities listed under the heading "Capital Bank Grawe-Gruppe AG, as agent for the 
         following Selling Stockholders," approximately 50.5% are issued and outstanding, and approximately 
         49.5% are issuable upon the issuance of outstanding warrants. For example, if a Selling Stockholder listed 
         under such heading is noted as beneficially owning 10,000 shares, those shares would be comprised of 
         5,050 issued and outstanding shares and 4,950 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(9) Includes 200,530 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(10)  Includes 148,197 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(11)  Includes 122,618 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

(12)  Includes 90,853 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

           The Shares may be offered and sold from time to time by the Selling Stockholders, or by pledges, donees, transferees or other successors in interest. The Selling Stockholders will act independently of us in making decisions with respect to the timing, market, or otherwise at prices related to the then current market price or in negotiated transactions. The Shares may be sold by the Selling Stockholders in one or more transactions on the Nasdaq and the BSE or otherwise at market prices then prevailing or in privately negotiated transactions. The Shares may be sold by one or more of the following:

           *      ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker solicits purchasers;

           *      purchases and resale by a broker-dealer for its account pursuant to this prospectus; and

           *      a block trade in which the broker-dealer so engaged will attempt to sell the shares as agent but 
                    may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction.

           We have not been advised by the Selling Stockholders that they have, as of the date hereof, made any arrangements relating to the distribution of the Shares covered by this prospectus, except that certain of the Selling Stockholders are broker-dealers. See "SELLING STOCKHOLDERS." Each Selling Stockholder that is an affiliate of a broker-dealer has advised us that such Selling Stockholder (a) acquired the shares covered by this prospectus in the ordinary course of business, and (b) at the time of such purchase, the Selling Stockholder had no agreements or understandings, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute such shares. In effecting sales, broker-dealers engaged by the Selling Stockholders may arrange for other broker-dealers to participate, and, in such case, broker-dealers will receive commissions or discounts from the Selling Stockholders in amounts to be negotiated immediately prior to sale.

            In offering the Shares, the Selling Stockholders and any broker-dealers and any other participating broker-dealers who execute sales for the Selling Stockholders may be deemed to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the 

-29-

Act in connection with such sales. Accordingly, any profits realized by the Selling Stockholders and the compensation of such broker-dealer may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. Any Shares covered by this prospectus which qualify for sale pursuant to Rule 144 may be sold under Rule 144 rather than pursuant to this prospectus.

LEGAL OPINION


Conner & Winters, P.C.,LLP, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma will opine as to the validity of the sharesissuance of Common stock beingthe securities offered hereby.

by this prospectus.

EXPERTS

           Our


The consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules includedas of December 31, 2008 and 2007 and for each of the three years in our annual report on Form 10-K for the yearperiod ended December 31, 2001,2008, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement have been audited byso incorporated in reliance on the reports of BDO Seidman, LLP, an independent certifiedregistered public accountants toaccounting firm (the report on the extent and foreffectiveness of internal control over financial reporting expresses an adverse opinion on the periods set forth in their reporteffectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008), incorporated herein by reference, and are incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon such report given uponon the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

            The financial statements of M&EC for the years ended December 31, 2000, and 1999 included in our definitive proxy statement, filed May 9, 2002, relating to our Special Meeting (the "Special Meeting Proxy") have been audited by Gallogly Fernandez & Riley, LLP ("GFR"), independent certified public accountants to the extent and for the periods set forth in their report incorporated herein by reference, and are incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon such report given upon the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

           Approximately 95% and 94% of the total hours spent on the audit of our financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 2001, respectively, were spent by GFR, as a member of the BDO alliance network of firms. Members of the BDO alliance network of firms, including GFR, are not full time, permanent employees of BDO.

            The financial statements of our subsidiary, Diversified Scientific Services, Inc., included in the Special Meeting Proxy have been incorporated in reliance on the report of Arthur Andersen LLP, independent certified public accountants. We have not been able to obtain, after reasonable efforts, the written consent of Arthur Andersen LLP to the inclusion of its report in this prospectus, and we have not filed that consent in reliance on Rule 437a promulgated under the Act. Because Arthur Andersen has not consented to the inclusion of its report in this prospectus, your ability to assert claims against Arthur Andersen may be limited. In particular, because of this lack of consent, you will not be able to sue Arthur Andersen under Section 11(a)(4) of the Act for untrue statements of a material fact, if any, contained in the financial statements audited by Arthur Andersen or omissions to state a material fact, if any required to be stated in those financial statements.


13


WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION


We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.Securities and Exchange Commission, in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  You may read and copy any documentmaterials that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20549. following address:
Public Reference Room
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Room 1024
Washington, D.C. 20549
1-800-SEC-0330
Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information onabout the Public Reference Room.public reference rooms.  Our reports, proxy statements and other information filed with the SEC filings are also available to the public onover the SEC's webInternet at the SEC’s World Wide Web site at http://www.sec.gov.www.sec.gov. 


The SEC allows us to "incorporate“incorporate by reference"reference” the information contained in documents that we file with it. This allows us tothe SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents instead of having to repeat the information in this prospectus.other documents.  The information incorporated by reference is considered to be a part of this prospectus, and later information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. Therefore, before you decide to invest in a particular offering under this shelf-registration, you should always check for reports we may have filed with the SEC after the data of this prospectus.
We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings madebelow:
·Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008, filed March 31, 2009;

·Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2009, March 11, 2009, and March 30, 2009;

·The description of our Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $.001 per share, that is contained in the Form 8-A Registration Statement, filed on May 13, 2008, as amended October 2, 2008, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.

·The description of the common stock of the Registrant that is contained in the Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act that became effective on October 30, 1992, including any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.

Also incorporated by reference into this prospectus are all documents that we may file with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act untilafter the Selling Stockholders sell alldate of this prospectus and before we stop offering the Shares:

           *      Oursecurities described in this prospectus. These documents include periodic reports, such as annual reportreports on Form 10-K, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001; and

-30-

           *      Our quarterly reportreports on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2002; and

           *       Our definitive proxy statement filed on May 9, 2002, relating to the Special Meeting held on June 14, 
                    2002; and

           *      Our current reportreports on Form 8-K, as well as proxy statements.  Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed on June 19, 2002;

           *      Our current report on Form 8-K filed on August 1, 2002;

 *      Our quarterly report on Form 10-Q fordocument which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement.  Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed to constitute a part of this prospectus, except as so modified or superseded.

We will provide to each person who so requests, including any beneficial owner to whom a prospectus is delivered, a copy of these filings excluding exhibits except to the quarter ended June 30, 2002; 

    *     Our definitive proxy statement filed on October 9, 2002, relating to our 2002 Annual Meeting of 
                   Stockholders;

           *     Our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002; 

           *     Our current report on Form 8-K filed on November 26, 2002; and

           *     Description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A dated October 30, 1992.

extent such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference.  You canmay request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address and telephone number:

address:
14


Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.
Attention: Richard T. KelecyChief Financial Officer
8302 Dunwoody Place, #250
Atlanta, Georgia  30350
(770) 587-9898

1940 Northwest 67th Place
Gainesville, Florida 32653
Telephone (352) 373-4200

You should rely only on the information containedincorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus or any supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference.prospectus supplement.  We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information.  The Selling Stockholders willWe are not makemaking an offer of these Sharessecurities in any state where the offer is not permitted.

             This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with  You should not assume the SEC (Registration No. 333-70676). That registration statement and the exhibits filed along with the registration statement contain more information about the shares sold by the Selling Stockholders. Because information about contracts referred to in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement is not always complete, you should readaccurate as of any date other than the full contracts which are filed as exhibits todate on the registration statement. You may read and copy the full registration statement and its exhibits at the SEC's public reference rooms or their web site.

-31-

PermaFixfront of those documents.


environmental services

17,931,966 Shares

Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc.

Common Stock

15





________________

Prospectus

________________






_____________, 2002

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS


Item 14.Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The aggregate estimated (other than the registration fee) expenses to be paid by the Registrant in connection with this offering are as follows:

Nature of Expense

SEC Registration Fee  . . . . . . . . . . .   $  14,539.26
Legal Fees (Including Blue Sky) . .   $162,000.00
Accounting Fees and Expenses . .   $  11,000.00

Printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $    2,500.00
Miscellaneous  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $    2,500.00

Total                                         $ 192,539.26


SEC Registration Fee $  381 
Legal Fees (Including Blue Sky) $45,000 
Accounting Fees and Expenses $10,000 
Printing $2,500 
Miscellaneous $500 
     
Total: $58,381 

The foregoing expenses, except for the registration fee, are estimated pursuant to Item 511 of Regulation S-K.


Item 15.Indemnification of Officers and Directors


Section 145 of the Delaware Corporation Law provides that a corporation has the power to indemnify a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation and certain other persons serving at the request of the corporation in related capacities against amounts paid and expenses incurred in connection with an action or proceeding to which he is or is threatened to be made a party by reason of such position, if such person shall have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, in any criminal proceeding, if such person had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful; provided that, no indemnification shall be made with respect to any matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the adjudicating court determines that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstance of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification.


Article EIGHTH of our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides as follows with respect to the indemnification of our officers and directors:


All persons who the Corporation is empowered to indemnify pursuant to the provisions of
Section 145 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (or any similar provision or
provisions of applicable law at the time in effect), shall be indemnified by the Corporation to the full
extent permitted thereby.  The foregoing right of indemnification shall not be deemed to be exclusive
of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw,
agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise.  No repeal or amendment of
this Article EIGHTH shall adversely affect any rights of any person pursuant to this Article EIGHTH
which existed at the time of such repeal or amendment with respect to acts or omissions occurring
prior to such repeal or amendment.


Our Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, provides that no director shall be personally liable to us or its stockholders for any monetary damages for breaches of fiduciary duty as a director, provided that this provision shall not eliminate or limit the liability of a director (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (iii) under Section 174 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware; or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

II-1


II-1The indemnification discussed in this Item 15 is not exclusive of any other rights the party seeking indemnification may possess.  We carry officer and director liability insurance with respect to certain matters, including matters arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.


Item 16. Exhibits

Exhibit No.Description
2.1Stock Purchase Agreement, dated January 18, 2001, among the Registrant; East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation; Performance Development Corporation; Joe W. Anderson; Ronald W. Anderson; M. Joy Anderson; Russell R. and Cindy E. Anderson; Charitable Remainder Unitrust of William Paul Cowell, Kevin Cowell, Trustee; Joe B. and Angela H. Fincher; Ken-Ten Partners; Michael W. Light; Management Technologies, Incorporated; M&EC 401(k) Plan and Trust; PDC 401(k) Plan and Trust; Robert N. Parker; James C. Powers; Richard William Schenk, Trustee of the Richard Schenk Trust dated November 5, 1998; Talahi Partners; Hillis Enterprises, Inc.; Tom Price and Virginia Price; Thomas John Abraham, Jr. and Donna Ferguson Abraham; and Bill J. Hillis, is incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001.
4.3Form of Subscription Agreement, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2001, and filed on July 5, 2001.
   5.1*Opinion of Conner & Winters, a Professional Corporation.
10.1Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99446V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998.
10.2Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99447V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998
10.3Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99448V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998.
10.4Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, among the Registrant,Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P.andBridge East Capital L.P., as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.5Form of 13.50% Senior Subordinated Note Due 2006, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.6Option Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, among the Registrant,Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P.andBridge East Capital L.P., as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.8 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.7*Financial Advisory and Consulting Agreement, dated December 5, 2000, between the Registrant and National Securities Corporation.
10.8Debt-For-Stock Exchange Agreement, dated effective July 9, 2001, between the Registrant and Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 9, 2001, and filed on July 20, 2001.

II-2

Exhibit No.Description
10.9Warrant, dated January 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to BHC Interim Funding, L.P. for the right to purchase up to 817,142 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.4578, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001.
10.10Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated August 29, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG (f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft) for the right to purchase up to 150,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2000, and filed on September 5, 2000.
10.11Warrant, dated November 29, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank (f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft) for the right to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.8750, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 22, 2000, and filed on January 17, 2001. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 570,000 shares were issued to Capital Bank as follows: (a) a warrant, dated October 30, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 150,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.625; (b) a warrant, dated December 29, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.4219, (c) a warrant, dated January 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.9688, (d) a warrant, dated February 28, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.9375, and (e) a warrant, dated March 30, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.8125. Copies of these Warrants will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.12*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG for the right to purchase up to 1,839,405 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.
10.13*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Herbert Strauss for the right to purchase up to 625,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.
10.14*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated June 1, 2001, granted by the Registrant to National Securities Corporation for the right to purchase of up to 250,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. A substantially similar warrant, dated June 1, 2001, was granted by the Registrant to National Securities Corporation for the purchase of up to 360,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. A copy of this Warrant will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.15*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated April 1, 1999, granted by the Registrant to Strategic Growth International, Inc. for the right to purchase up to 240,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.20 per share. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 566,908 shares were issued to Strategic Growth International, Inc. as follows: (a) a warrant, dated April 1, 1999 for the right to purchase up to 240,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.40, (b) a warrant, dated December 22, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 213,888 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, (c) a warrant, dated February 1, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 34,028 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, (d) a warrant, dated March 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 24,305 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, and (e) a warrant, dated July 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 54,687 shares at an exercise price of $1.44. Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.

II-3

Exhibit No.Description
10.16*Warrant Agreement, dated January 25, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co. ("Ryan Beck") for the purchase of up to 33,750 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share. Substantially similar Warrant Agreements, dated January 25, 2000, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 116,250 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Randy Rock (20,625 shares), Michael Kollender (20,625 shares), Robert Goodwin (20,000 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (23,000 shares), Paul Cronson (23,000 shares), Meera Murdeshwar (6,000 shares), Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares), and Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.17Warrant, dated December 22, 2000, issued by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co. for the purchase of 213,889 shares of the Registrant's common stock, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001. Substantially similar Warrants, dated December 22, 2000, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 855,555 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (26,737 shares), Michael Kollender (147,048 shares), Randy Rock (147,048 shares), Robert Goodwin (166,907 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (169,908 shares), Paul Cronson (169,907 shares), Meera Murdeshwar (25,000 shares), Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares), and Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.18*Warrant Agreement, dated January 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co. for the right to purchase up to 34,028 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated January 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 136,110 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (4,253 shares), Michael Kollender (23,394 shares), Randy Rock (23,394 shares), Robert Goodwin (26,690 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (26,689 shares), Paul Cronson (26,690 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (5,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.19*Warrant Agreement, dated March 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co. for the right to purchase up to 24,306 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated March 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 97,222 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (3,038 shares), Michael Kollender (16,710 shares), Randy Rock (16,710 shares), Robert Goodwin (19,255 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (19,255 shares), Paul Cronson (19,254 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (3,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.20*Warrant Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck & Co. for the right to purchase up to 54,688 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated July 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 218,752 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (6,836 shares), Paul Cronson (43,295), Michael Kollender (37,598 shares), Randy Rock (37,598 shares), Robert Goodwin (43,294 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (43,294 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (6,837 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.

II-4

Exhibit No.Description
10.21*Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated July 30, 2001, granted by the Registrant to David Avital for the purchase of up to 143,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 4,254,566 were issued to Capital Bank (842,995 shares), CICI 1999 Qualified Annuity Trust (85,715 shares), Gerald D. Cramer (85,715 shares), CRM 1999 Enterprise Fund 3 (200,000 shares), Craig S. Eckenthal (57,143 shares), Danny Ellis Living Trust (250,000 shares), Europa International, Inc. (571,428 shares), Harvey Gelfenbein (28,571 shares), A. C. Israel Enterprises (285,715 shares), Kuekenhof Partners, L.P. (40,000), Kuekenhof Equity Fund, L.P. (60,000 shares), Jack Lahav (571,429 shares), Joseph LaMotta (28,571 shares), Jay B. Langner (28,571 shares), The F. M. Grandchildren Trust (42,857 shares), Mathers Associates (228,571 shares), Peter Melhado (115,000 shares), Pamela Equities Corp. (42,857 shares), Josef Paradis (143,000 shares), Readington Associates (57,143 shares), Dr. Ralph Richart (225,000 shares), Edward J. Rosenthal Profit Sharing Plan (28,571 shares), Yariv Sapir IRA (85,714 shares), and Bruce Wrobel (150,000 shares), respectively. Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.22*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 30, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co. for the purchase of 20,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. Substantially similar warrants, dated July 30, 2001, for the purchase of an aggregate 74,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share were issued to Ryan, Beck & Co., L.L.C. (14,000 shares), Larkspur Capital Corporation (34,000 shares) and National Securities Corporation (40,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.23*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P. for the purchase of up to 712,073 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. A substantially similar warrant was issued to Bridge East Capital L.P. for the right to purchase of up to 569,658 shares of the Registrant's common stock, and a copy will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.24*Subcontract Change Notice between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. BA-99446/7 and 8F, dated July 2, 2002. Exhibits to this Contract as listed therein are omitted, but a copy of each will be provided to the Commission upon request.
23.1*Consent of BDO Seidman, LLP.
23.2*Consent of Gallogly Fernandez & Riley, LLP.
23.3*Consent of Conner & Winters, as contained in Exhibit 5.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.
24.1*Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Zwecker, Colin, and Sullivan, as contained in the Power of Attorney of the signature page included in this Registration Statement.
24.2*Power of Attorney for Messrs. Jack Lahav and Alfred C. Warrington, IV.

*Previously filed

II-5

Exhibits.


     See the Exhibit Index attached to this registration statement and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 17.Undertakings


(a) The Companyundersigned registrant hereby undertakes:


(1)  To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment
to the Registration Statement:

                                         (i)     To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act;

                                         (ii)    To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date 
                             of this Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, registration statement:


                             individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth 
(i)To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

                             in the Registration Statement;
(ii)To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.

(iii)To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;

provided, however

                                         (iii)  To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not 
                             previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information 
                             in the Registration Statement;

           Provided, however,, that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii) and (1)(ii)(iii) do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form F-3, and the information required to be included
in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished
to the Commission by the Companyregistrant pursuant to SectionSections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 
           1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), that are incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement.the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.


(2)  That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall 
           be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of 
           such securities at the time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

            (3)      To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being 
            registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

            The Company hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Act, each filing of the Company's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at thethat time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.


(3)  To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4)  That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser:

(i)Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
II-2

(ii)Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.

(5)  That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:

(i)Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;

(ii)Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;

(iii)The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and

(iv)Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(c)  Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Companyregistrant pursuant to the indemnificationforegoing provisions, described herein, or otherwise, the Companyregistrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.  In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Companyregistrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Companyregistrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Companyregistrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

II-6

II-3


SIGNATURES FOR FORM S-3


Pursuant to the requirements of the Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Gainesville,Atlanta, State of Florida,Georgia, on the 27th6th day of November, 2002.

                                                                   PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTALApril 2009.


SERVICES, INC.


By:     /s/ Louis Centofanti                                                   
PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
By: /s/ Dr. Louis Centofanti
Dr. Louis F. Centofanti
Chairman of the Board
Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Dr. Louis F. Centofanti
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Ben Naccarato, and each of them, with full power of substitution and resubstitution and each with full power to act without the other, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any state, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their, his or her substitutes or substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


SignatureTitleTitleDate


  /s/ Louis Centofanti                                         
/s/ Dr. Louis F. Centofanti

Dr. Louis F. Centofanti
Chairman of the Board of
Directors, President, and
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)



November 27, 2002

April 3, 2009


    /s/ Richard T. Kelecy                                     
Richard T. Kelecy


/s/ Ben Naccarato
Ben Naccarato
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)


November 27, 2002
April 3, 2009


                                       *                                   
/s/ Jon Colin
Jon ColinDirectorApril 3, 2009
/s/ Jack Lahav
Jack LahavDirectorApril 6, 2009
II-4

/s/ Joe Reeder
Joe R. ReederDirectorApril 6, 2009
/s/ Larry Shelton
Larry SheltonDirectorApril 3, 2009
/s/ Dr. Charles E. Young
Dr. Charles E. YoungDirectorApril 6, 2009
/s/ Robert L. Ferguson
Robert  L. FergusonDirectorApril 5, 2009
/s/ Mark A. Zwecker

Director


November 27, 2002


                                      *                                     
Jon Colin
Mark A. Zwecker


Director

November 27, 2002
April 4, 2009

II-5


PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.
REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-3

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.
Description


                                     *                                       
Thomas P. Sullivan


Director


November 27, 2002


                                    *                                       
Jack Lahav
3(i)


Director


November 27, 2002


                                    *                                       
Alfred C. Warrington, IV


Director


November 27, 2002

* By   /s/ Louis Centofanti                                                                                                              November 27, 2002
Dr. Louis F. Centofanti

Attorney In Fact

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No
.

Description
Sequential
Page No.
2.1Stock Purchase Agreement, dated January 18, 2001, among the Registrant; East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation; Performance Development Corporation; Joe W. Anderson; Ronald W. Anderson; M. Joy Anderson; Russell R. and Cindy E. Anderson; Charitable Remainder UnitrustRestated Certificate of William Paul Cowell, Kevin Cowell, Trustee; Joe B. and Angela H. Fincher; Ken-Ten Partners; Michael W. Light; Management Technologies, Incorporated; M&EC 401(k) Plan and Trust; PDC 401(k) Plan and Trust; Robert N. Parker; James C. Powers; Richard William Schenk, Trustee of the Richard Schenk Trust dated November 5, 1998; Talahi Partners; Hillis Enterprises, Inc.; Tom Price and Virginia Price; Thomas John Abraham, Jr. and Donna Ferguson Abraham; and Bill J. Hillis,Incorporation, as amended, is incorporated by reference from Exhibit 2.1to 3.1(i) to the Registrant's Current Report onRegistrant’s Form 8-K, dated January10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001.2008.
4.3Form
3(ii)Bylaws of Subscription Agreement,Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc., as amended on October 30, 2007, is incorporated by reference fromto Exhibit 4.23(ii) to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 15, 2001, and filed on July 5, 2001.
   5.1*Opinion of Conner & Winters, a Professional Corporation.

45

10.1Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99446V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant'sRegistrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998.2007.
10.2Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. 1GB-99447V, dated June 23, 1998, as
4.1Specimen Common Stock Certificate is incorporated by reference fromto Exhibit 10.24.3 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998
10.3Basic Oak Ridge Agreement between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC,Registrant’s Registration Statement, No. 1GB-99448V, dated June 23, 1998, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1998, and filed on November 16, 1998.
10.4Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, among the Registrant,Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P.andBridge East Capital L.P., as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.5Form of 13.50% Senior Subordinated Note Due 2006, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
33-51874.
 

1

Exhibit No.4.2Description
10.6OptionRights Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, among the Registrant,Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P.andBridge East Capital L.P., as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.8 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 30, 2001, and filed on August 7, 2001.
10.7*Financial Advisory and Consulting Agreement, dated December 5, 2000,May 2, 2008, between the Registrant and National Securities Corporation.Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent, is incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 the Registrant’s Form 8-K, filed on May 8, 2008.
10.8Debt-For-Stock Exchange
4.3Letter Amendment to Rights Agreement, dated effective July 9, 2001,September 29, 2008, between the Registrant and Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG,Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, as Rights Agent, is incorporated by reference fromto Exhibit 10.1 to4.1 the Registrant's Current Report onRegistrant’s Form 8-K, dated July 9, 2001, and filed on July 20, 2001.October 2, 2008.
10.9Warrant, dated January 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to BHC Interim Funding, L.P. for the right to purchase up to 817,142 shares
4.4Certificate of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise priceDesignations of $1.4578, asSeries A Junior Participating Preferred Stock is incorporated by reference fromto Exhibit 99.64.2 to the Registrant's Current Report onRegistrant’s Form 8-K, dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001.
10.10Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated August 29, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG (f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft) for the right to purchase up to 150,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 31, 2000, and filed on September 5, 2000.
10.11Warrant, dated November 29, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank (f/k/a RBB Bank Aktiengesellschaft) for the right to purchase up to 300,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.8750, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 22, 2000, and filed on January 17, 2001. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 570,000 shares were issued to Capital Bank as follows: (a) a warrant, dated October 30, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 150,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.625; (b) a warrant, dated December 29, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.4219, (c) a warrant, dated January 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.9688, (d) a warrant, dated February 28, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.9375, and (e) a warrant, dated March 30, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 105,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.8125. Copies of these Warrants will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.12*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Capital Bank-Grawe Gruppe AG for the right to purchase up to 1,839,405 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.
10.13*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Herbert Strauss for the right to purchase up to 625,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share.
May 8, 2008.
 

2

Exhibit No.5.1DescriptionSequential
Page No.
10.14*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated June 1, 2001, granted by the Registrant to National Securities Corporation for the right to purchaseOpinion of up to 250,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. A substantially similar warrant, dated June 1, 2001, was granted by the Registrant to National Securities Corporation for the purchase of up to 360,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. A copy of this Warrant will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.15*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated April 1, 1999, granted by the Registrant to Strategic Growth International, Inc. for the right to purchase up to 240,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.20 per share. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 566,908 shares were issued to Strategic Growth International, Inc. as follows: (a) a warrant, dated April 1, 1999 for the right to purchase up to 240,000 shares at an exercise price of $1.40, (b) a warrant, dated December 22, 2000, for the right to purchase up to 213,888 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, (c) a warrant, dated February 1, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 34,028 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, (d) a warrant, dated March 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 24,305 shares at an exercise price of $1.44, and (e) a warrant, dated July 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to 54,687 shares at an exercise price of $1.44. Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.16*Warrant Agreement, dated January 25, 2000, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, BeckConner & Co., L.L.C. ("Ryan Beck") for the purchase of up to 33,750 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share. Substantially similar Warrant Agreements, dated January 25, 2000, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 116,250 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Randy Rock (20,625 shares), Michael Kollender (20,625 shares), Robert Goodwin (20,000 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (23,000 shares), Paul Cronson (23,000 shares), Meera Murdeshwar (6,000 shares), Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares), and Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.17Warrant, dated December 22, 2000, issued by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the purchase of 213,889 shares of the Registrant's common stock, as incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 31, 2001, and filed on February 26, 2001. Substantially similar Warrants, dated December 22, 2000, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 855,555 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (26,737 shares), Michael Kollender (147,048 shares), Randy Rock (147,048 shares), Robert Goodwin (166,907 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (169,908 shares), Paul Cronson (169,907 shares), Meera Murdeshwar (25,000 shares), Kelsey Ann Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares), and Christopher Todd Goodwin Trust (1,500 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
Winters, LLP.
 

3

Exhibit No.23.1Description
10.18*Warrant Agreement, dated January 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the right to purchase up to 34,028 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated January 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 136,110 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (4,253 shares), Michael Kollender (23,394 shares), Randy Rock (23,394 shares), Robert Goodwin (26,690 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (26,689 shares), Paul Cronson (26,690 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (5,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.19*Warrant Agreement, dated March 9, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co., LLC for the right to purchase up to 24,306 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated March 9, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 97,222 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (3,038 shares), Michael Kollender (16,710 shares), Randy Rock (16,710 shares), Robert Goodwin (19,255 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (19,255 shares), Paul Cronson (19,254 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (3,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.20*Warrant Agreement, dated July 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck & Co., LLC for the right to purchase up to 54,688 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share.Substantially similar Warrants, dated July 31, 2001, for the right to purchase up to an aggregate 218,752 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.44 per share were granted by the Registrant to Ryan Beck (6,836 shares), Paul Cronson (43,295), Michael Kollender (37,598 shares), Randy Rock (37,598 shares), Robert Goodwin (43,294 shares), Robert C. Mayer, Jr. (43,294 shares), and Meera Murdeshwar (6,837 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.21*Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated July 30, 2001, granted by the Registrant to David Avital for the purchase of up to 143,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. Substantially similar warrants for the purchase of an aggregate 4,254,566 were issued to Capital Bank (842,995 shares), CICI 1999 Qualified Annuity Trust (85,715 shares), Gerald D. Cramer (85,715 shares), CRM 1999 Enterprise Fund 3 (200,000 shares), Craig S. Eckenthal (57,143 shares), Danny Ellis Living Trust (250,000 shares), Europa International, Inc. (571,428 shares), Harvey Gelfenbein (28,571 shares), A. C. Israel Enterprises (285,715 shares), Kuekenhof Partners, L.P. (40,000), Kuekenhof Equity Fund, L.P. (60,000 shares), Jack Lahav (571,429 shares), Joseph LaMotta (28,571 shares), Jay B. Langner (28,571 shares), The F. M. Grandchildren Trust (42,857 shares), Mathers Associates (228,571 shares), Peter Melhado (115,000 shares), Pamela Equities Corp. (42,857 shares), Josef Paradis (143,000 shares), Readington Associates (57,143 shares), Dr. Ralph Richart (225,000 shares), Edward J. Rosenthal Profit Sharing Plan (28,571 shares), Yariv Sapir IRA (85,714 shares), and Bruce Wrobel (150,000 shares), respectively. Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.

4

Exhibit No.Description
10.22*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 30, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Ryan, Beck & Co. for the purchase of 20,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share. Substantially similar warrants, dated July 30, 2001, for the purchase of an aggregate 74,000 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.75 per share were issued to Ryan, Beck & Co. (14,000 shares), Larkspur Capital Corporation (34,000 shares) and National Securities Corporation (40,000 shares). Copies will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.23*Common Stock Purchase Warrant, dated July 31, 2001, granted by the Registrant to Associated Mezzanine Investors-PESI (I), L.P. for the purchase of up to 712,073 shares of the Registrant's common stock at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. A substantially similar warrant was issued to Bridge East Capital L.P. for the right to purchase of up to 569,658 shares of the Registrant's common stock, and a copy will be provided to the Commission upon request.
10.24*Subcontract Change Notice between East Tennessee Materials and Energy Corporation and Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, No. BA-99446/7 and 8F, dated July 2, 2002. Exhibits to this Contract as listed therein are omitted, but a copy of each will be provided to the Commission upon request.
23.1*Consent of BDO Seidman, LLP.61LLP
23.2*Consent of Gallogly Fernandez & Riley, LLP.62
23.3*23.2Consent of Conner & Winters as contained(included in Exhibit 5.1 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.to this registration statement)
24.1*Powers of Attorney for Messrs. Zwecker, Colin, and Sullivan, as contained in the
24.1Power of Attorney of the signature(included on page included inII-4 to this Registration Statement.
24.2*Power of Attorney for Messrs. Jack Lahav and Alfred C. Warrington, IV.registration statement).

* Previously filed.

5


II-6