Document and Entity Information
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Jan. 23, 2019 | Jun. 30, 2018 | |
Document And Entity Information [Abstract] | |||
Document Type | 10-K | ||
Amendment Flag | false | ||
Document Period End Date | Dec. 31, 2018 | ||
Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2,018 | ||
Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY | ||
Entity Registrant Name | AMAZON COM INC | ||
Entity Central Index Key | 1,018,724 | ||
Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31 | ||
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | Yes | ||
Entity Current Reporting Status | Yes | ||
Entity Voluntary Filers | No | ||
Entity Filer Category | Large Accelerated Filer | ||
Entity Emerging Growth Company | false | ||
Entity Small Business | false | ||
Entity Shell Company | false | ||
Entity Public Float | $ 693,894,417,636 | ||
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 491,202,890 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract] | |||
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | $ 21,856 | $ 19,934 | $ 16,175 |
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | |||
Net income | 10,073 | 3,033 | 2,371 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: | |||
Depreciation of property and equipment and other amortization, including capitalized content costs | 15,341 | 11,478 | 8,116 |
Stock-based compensation | 5,418 | 4,215 | 2,975 |
Other operating expense, net | 274 | 202 | 160 |
Other expense (income), net | 219 | (292) | (20) |
Deferred income taxes | 441 | (29) | (246) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||
Inventories | (1,314) | (3,583) | (1,426) |
Accounts receivable, net and other | (4,615) | (4,780) | (3,436) |
Accounts payable | 3,263 | 7,100 | 5,030 |
Accrued expenses and other | 472 | 283 | 1,724 |
Unearned revenue | 1,151 | 738 | 1,955 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 30,723 | 18,365 | 17,203 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | |||
Purchases of property and equipment | (13,427) | (11,955) | (7,804) |
Proceeds from property and equipment incentives | 2,104 | 1,897 | 1,067 |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired, and other | (2,186) | (13,972) | (116) |
Sales and maturities of marketable securities | 8,240 | 9,677 | 4,577 |
Purchases of marketable securities | (7,100) | (12,731) | (7,240) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (12,369) | (27,084) | (9,516) |
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | |||
Proceeds from long-term debt and other | 768 | 16,228 | 618 |
Repayments of long-term debt and other | (668) | (1,301) | (327) |
Principal repayments of capital lease obligations | (7,449) | (4,799) | (3,860) |
Principal repayments of finance lease obligations | (337) | (200) | (147) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (7,686) | 9,928 | (3,716) |
Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (351) | 713 | (212) |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 10,317 | 1,922 | 3,759 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD | 32,173 | 21,856 | 19,934 |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | |||
Cash paid for interest on long-term debt | 854 | 328 | 290 |
Cash paid for interest on capital and finance lease obligations | 575 | 319 | 206 |
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds | 1,184 | 957 | 412 |
Property and equipment acquired under capital leases | 10,615 | 9,637 | 5,704 |
Property and equipment acquired under build-to-suit leases | $ 3,641 | $ 3,541 | $ 1,209 |
Consolidated Statements Of Oper
Consolidated Statements Of Operations - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Total net sales | $ 232,887 | $ 177,866 | $ 135,987 |
Operating expenses: | |||
Cost of sales | 139,156 | 111,934 | 88,265 |
Fulfillment | 34,027 | 25,249 | 17,619 |
Marketing Expense | 13,814 | 10,069 | 7,233 |
Technology and content | 28,837 | 22,620 | 16,085 |
General and administrative | 4,336 | 3,674 | 2,432 |
Other operating expense, net | 296 | 214 | 167 |
Total operating expenses | 220,466 | 173,760 | 131,801 |
Operating income (loss) | 12,421 | 4,106 | 4,186 |
Interest income | 440 | 202 | 100 |
Interest expense | (1,417) | (848) | (484) |
Other income (expense), net | (183) | 346 | 90 |
Total non-operating income (expense) | (1,160) | (300) | (294) |
Income before income taxes | 11,261 | 3,806 | 3,892 |
Provision for income taxes | (1,197) | (769) | (1,425) |
Equity-method investment activity, net of tax | 9 | (4) | (96) |
Net income | $ 10,073 | $ 3,033 | $ 2,371 |
Basic earnings per share | $ 20.68 | $ 6.32 | $ 5.01 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ 20.14 | $ 6.15 | $ 4.90 |
Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share: | |||
Basic (in shares) | 487 | 480 | 474 |
Diluted (in shares) | 500 | 493 | 484 |
Net product sales | |||
Total net sales | $ 141,915 | $ 118,573 | $ 94,665 |
Net service sales | |||
Total net sales | $ 90,972 | $ 59,293 | $ 41,322 |
Consolidated Statements of Comp
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | |||
Net income | $ 10,073 | $ 3,033 | $ 2,371 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax of $(49), $5, and $6 | (538) | 533 | (279) |
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities: | |||
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $(12), $5, and $0 | (17) | (39) | 9 |
Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in “Other income (expense), net,” net of tax of $0, $0, and $0 | 8 | 7 | 8 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities | (9) | (32) | 17 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (547) | 501 | (262) |
Comprehensive income | $ 9,526 | $ 3,534 | $ 2,109 |
Consolidated Statements of Co_2
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | |||
Foreign currency translation adjustments, tax | $ 6 | $ 5 | $ (49) |
Unrealized gains (losses), tax | 0 | 5 | (12) |
Reclassification adjustment for losses (gains) included in other income (expense), net, tax | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets
Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Current assets: | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 31,750 | $ 20,522 |
Marketable securities | 9,500 | 10,464 |
Inventories | 17,174 | 16,047 |
Accounts receivable, net and other | 16,677 | 13,164 |
Total current assets | 75,101 | 60,197 |
Property and equipment, net | 61,797 | 48,866 |
Goodwill | 14,548 | 13,350 |
Other assets | 11,202 | 8,897 |
Total assets | 162,648 | 131,310 |
Current liabilities: | ||
Accounts payable | 38,192 | 34,616 |
Accrued expenses and other | 23,663 | 18,170 |
Unearned revenue | 6,536 | 5,097 |
Total current liabilities | 68,391 | 57,883 |
Long-term debt | 23,495 | 24,743 |
Other long-term liabilities | 27,213 | 20,975 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) | ||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized shares - 500 Issued and outstanding shares - none | 0 | 0 |
Common stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized shares - 5,000 Issued shares - 507 and 514 Outstanding shares - 484 and 491 | 5 | 5 |
Treasury stock, at cost | (1,837) | (1,837) |
Additional paid-in capital | 26,791 | 21,389 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (1,035) | (484) |
Retained earnings | 19,625 | 8,636 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 43,549 | 27,709 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ 162,648 | $ 131,310 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 |
Preferred stock, authorized shares | 500,000,000 | 500,000,000 |
Preferred stock, issued shares | 0 | 0 |
Preferred stock, outstanding shares | 0 | 0 |
Common stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 |
Common stock, authorized shares | 5,000,000,000 | 5,000,000,000 |
Common stock, issued shares | 514,000,000 | 507,000,000 |
Common stock, outstanding shares | 491,000,000 | 484,000,000 |
Consolidated Statements of Stoc
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions | Total | Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings |
Beginning Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015 | 471 | |||||
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2015 | $ 13,384 | $ 5 | $ (1,837) | $ 13,394 | $ (723) | $ 2,545 |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] | ||||||
Net income | 2,371 | 2,371 | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (262) | (262) | ||||
Exercise of common stock options | 6 | |||||
Exercise of common stock options | 1 | 1 | ||||
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation | 829 | 829 | ||||
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock | 2,962 | 2,962 | ||||
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016 | 477 | |||||
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2016 | 19,285 | $ 5 | (1,837) | 17,186 | (985) | 4,916 |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] | ||||||
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | 687 | 687 | ||||
Net income | 3,033 | 3,033 | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 501 | 501 | ||||
Exercise of common stock options | 7 | |||||
Exercise of common stock options | 1 | 1 | ||||
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock | 4,202 | 4,202 | ||||
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017 | 484 | |||||
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017 | 27,709 | $ 5 | (1,837) | 21,389 | (484) | 8,636 |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] | ||||||
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle | 912 | (4) | 916 | |||
Net income | 10,073 | 10,073 | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (547) | (547) | ||||
Exercise of common stock options | 7 | |||||
Exercise of common stock options | 0 | 0 | ||||
Stock-based compensation and issuance of employee benefit plan stock | 5,402 | 5,402 | ||||
Ending Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018 | 491 | |||||
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2018 | $ 43,549 | $ 5 | $ (1,837) | $ 26,791 | $ (1,035) | $ 19,625 |
Description of Business and Acc
Description of Business and Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Description of Business and Accounting Policies | DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES Description of Business We seek to be Earth’s most customer-centric company. In each of our segments, we serve our primary customer sets, consisting of consumers, sellers, developers, enterprises, and content creators. We serve consumers through our online and physical stores and focus on selection, price, and convenience. We offer programs that enable sellers to sell their products in our stores and fulfill orders through us, and programs that allow authors, musicians, filmmakers, skill and app developers, and others to publish and sell content. We serve developers and enterprises of all sizes through our AWS segment, which offers a broad set of global compute, storage, database, and other service offerings. We also manufacture and sell electronic devices. In addition, we provide services, such as advertising. We have organized our operations into three segments: North America, International, and AWS. See “Note 10 — Segment Information.” Prior Period Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, including the addition of restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated statements of cash flows as a result of the adoption of new accounting guidance. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Amazon.com, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and those entities in which we have a variable interest and of which we are the primary beneficiary, including certain entities in India and China and that support our seller lending financing activities (collectively, the “Company”). Intercompany balances and transactions between consolidated entities are eliminated. The financial results of Whole Foods Market, Inc. (“Whole Foods Market”) have been included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition on August 28, 2017. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, income taxes, commitments and contingencies, valuation of acquired intangibles and goodwill, stock-based compensation forfeiture rates, vendor funding, and inventory valuation. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated using our weighted-average outstanding common shares. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using our weighted-average outstanding common shares including the dilutive effect of stock awards as determined under the treasury stock method. In periods when we have a net loss, stock awards are excluded from our calculation of earnings per share as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect. The following table shows the calculation of diluted shares (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Shares used in computation of basic earnings per share 474 480 487 Total dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards 10 13 13 Shares used in computation of diluted earnings per share 484 493 500 Revenue Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration that we expect to receive, reduced by estimates for return allowances, promotional discounts, and rebates. Revenue also excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties, including sales and indirect taxes. In arrangements where we have multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price. We generally determine stand-alone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers or using expected cost plus a margin. A description of our principal revenue generating activities is as follows: Retail sales - We offer consumer products through our online and physical stores. Revenue is recognized when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, which generally occurs upon our delivery to a third-party carrier or, in the case of an Amazon delivery, to the customer. Third-party seller services - We offer programs that enable sellers to sell their products in our stores, and fulfill orders through us. We are not the seller of record in these transactions. The commissions and any related fulfillment and shipping fees we earn from these arrangements are recognized when the services are rendered, which generally occurs upon delivery of the related products to a third-party carrier or, in the case of an Amazon delivery, to the customer. Subscription services - Our subscription sales include fees associated with Amazon Prime memberships and access to content including audiobooks, digital video, e-books, digital music, and other non-AWS subscription services. Prime memberships provide our customers with access to an evolving suite of benefits that represent a single stand-ready obligation. Subscriptions are paid for at the time of or in advance of delivering the services. Revenue from such arrangements is recognized over the subscription period. AWS - Our AWS arrangements include global sales of compute, storage, database, and other services. Revenue is allocated to services using stand-alone selling prices and is primarily recognized when the customer uses these services, based on the quantity of services rendered, such as compute or storage capacity delivered on-demand. Certain services, including compute and database, are also offered as a fixed quantity over a specified term, for which revenue is recognized ratably. Sales commissions we pay in connection with contracts that exceed one year are capitalized and amortized over the contract term. Other - Other revenue primarily includes sales of advertising services, which are recognized as ads are delivered based on the number of clicks or impressions. Return Allowances Return allowances, which reduce revenue and cost of sales, are estimated using historical experience. Liabilities for return allowances are included in “Accrued expenses and other” and were $567 million , $468 million , and $623 million as of December 31, 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Additions to the allowance were $1.5 billion , $1.8 billion , and $2.3 billion and deductions from the allowance were $1.5 billion , $1.9 billion , and $2.3 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Included in “Inventories” on our consolidated balance sheets are assets totaling $411 million , $406 million , and $519 million as of December 31, 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , for the rights to recover products from customers associated with our liabilities for return allowances. Cost of Sales Cost of sales primarily consists of the purchase price of consumer products, digital media content costs where we record revenue gross, including video and music, packaging supplies, sortation and delivery centers and related equipment costs, and inbound and outbound shipping costs, including where we are the transportation service provider. Shipping costs to receive products from our suppliers are included in our inventory, and recognized as cost of sales upon sale of products to our customers. Payment processing and related transaction costs, including those associated with seller transactions, are classified in “Fulfillment” on our consolidated statements of operations. Vendor Agreements We have agreements with our vendors to receive funds primarily for cooperative marketing efforts, promotions, incentives, and volume rebates. We generally consider these amounts received from vendors to be a reduction of the prices we pay for their goods, including property and equipment, or services, and are recorded as a reduction of the cost of inventory, cost of services, or cost of property and equipment. Volume rebates typically depend on reaching minimum purchase thresholds. We evaluate the likelihood of reaching purchase thresholds using past experience and current year forecasts. When volume rebates can be reasonably estimated, we record a portion of the rebate as we make progress towards the purchase threshold. Fulfillment Fulfillment costs primarily consist of those costs incurred in operating and staffing our North America and International segments’ fulfillment centers, customer service centers, and physical stores, including costs attributable to buying, receiving, inspecting, and warehousing inventories; picking, packaging, and preparing customer orders for shipment; payment processing and related transaction costs, including costs associated with our guarantee for certain seller transactions; responding to inquiries from customers; and supply chain management for our manufactured electronic devices. Fulfillment costs also include amounts paid to third parties that assist us in fulfillment and customer service operations. Marketing Marketing costs primarily consist of targeted online advertising, payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in marketing and selling activities, and television advertising. We pay commissions to third parties when their customer referrals result in sales. We also participate in cooperative advertising arrangements with certain of our vendors, and other third parties. Advertising and other promotional costs to market our products and services are expensed as incurred and were $5.0 billion , $6.3 billion , and $8.2 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Prepaid advertising costs were not significant as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . Technology and Content Technology and content costs include payroll and related expenses for employees involved in the research and development of new and existing products and services, development, design, and maintenance of our stores, curation and display of products and services made available in our online stores, and infrastructure costs. Infrastructure costs include servers, networking equipment, and data center related depreciation, rent, utilities, and other expenses necessary to support AWS and other Amazon businesses. Collectively, these costs reflect the investments we make in order to offer a wide variety of products and services to our customers. Technology and content costs are generally expensed as incurred. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses primarily consist of payroll and related expenses; facilities and equipment expenses, such as depreciation expense and rent; professional fees and litigation costs; and other general corporate costs for corporate functions, including accounting, finance, tax, legal, and human resources, among others. Stock-Based Compensation Compensation cost for all stock awards expected to vest is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized over the service period. The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of our common stock. Such value is recognized as expense over the service period, net of estimated forfeitures, using the accelerated method. The estimated number of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including historical forfeiture experience and employee level. Other Operating Expense, Net Other operating expense, net, consists primarily of marketing-related, contract-based, and customer-related intangible asset amortization expense, and expenses related to legal settlements. Other Income (Expense), Net Other income (expense), net, consists primarily of foreign currency gains (losses) of $21 million , $247 million , and $(206) million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 and equity warrant valuation gains (losses) of $67 million , $109 million , and $(131) million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 and equity securities gains of $1 million , $18 million , and $145 million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Income Taxes Income tax expense includes U.S. (federal and state) and foreign income taxes. Certain foreign subsidiary earnings are subject to U.S. taxation under the U.S. Tax Act, which also repeals U.S. taxation on the subsequent repatriation of those earnings. We intend to invest substantially all of our foreign subsidiary earnings, as well as our capital in our foreign subsidiaries, indefinitely outside of the U.S. in those jurisdictions in which we would incur significant, additional costs upon repatriation of such amounts. Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Deferred tax assets are evaluated for future realization and reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent we believe they will not be realized. We consider many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including our recent cumulative loss experience and expectations of future earnings, capital gains and investment in such jurisdiction, the carry-forward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, and other relevant factors. We utilize a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain income tax positions (tax contingencies). The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We consider many factors when evaluating our tax positions and estimating our tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately forecast actual outcomes. We include interest and penalties related to our tax contingencies in income tax expense. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value: Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment. For our cash, cash equivalents, or marketable securities, we measure the fair value of money market funds and equity securities based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. All other financial instruments were valued either based on recent trades of securities in inactive markets or based on quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. We did not hold any cash, cash equivalents, or marketable securities categorized as Level 3 assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . As part of entering into commercial agreements, we often obtain equity warrant assets giving us the right to acquire stock of other companies. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , these warrants had a fair value of $441 million and $440 million , and are recorded within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. The related gain (loss) recorded in “Other income (expense), net” was $67 million , $109 million , and $(131) million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . These assets are primarily classified as Level 2 assets. Cash and Cash Equivalents We classify all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. Inventories Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are primarily accounted for using the first-in, first-out method, and are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. This valuation requires us to make judgments, based on currently available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, returns to product vendors, or liquidations, and expected recoverable values of each disposition category. We provide Fulfillment by Amazon services in connection with certain of our sellers’ programs. Third-party sellers maintain ownership of their inventory, regardless of whether fulfillment is provided by us or the third-party sellers, and therefore these products are not included in our inventories. We also purchase electronic device components from a variety of suppliers and use several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for our products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate supply, we enter into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers for certain electronic device components. A portion of our reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements consists of firm, non-cancellable commitments. These commitments are based on forecasted customer demand. If we reduce these commitments, we may incur additional costs. We also have firm, non-cancellable commitments for certain products offered in our Whole Foods Market stores. Accounts Receivable, Net and Other Included in “Accounts receivable, net and other” on our consolidated balance sheets are amounts primarily related to customers, vendors, and sellers. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , customer receivables, net, were $6.4 billion and $9.4 billion , vendor receivables, net, were $2.6 billion and $3.2 billion , and seller receivables, net, were $692 million and $710 million . Seller receivables are amounts due from sellers related to our seller lending program, which provides funding to sellers primarily to procure inventory. We estimate losses on receivables based on known troubled accounts and historical experience of losses incurred. Receivables are considered impaired and written-off when it is probable that all contractual payments due will not be collected in accordance with the terms of the agreement. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $237 million , $348 million , and $495 million as of December 31, 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Additions to the allowance were $451 million , $626 million , and $878 million , and deductions to the allowance were $403 million , $515 million , and $731 million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Software Development Costs We incur software development costs related to products to be sold, leased, or marketed to external users, internal-use software, and our websites. Software development costs capitalized were not significant for the years presented. All other costs, including those related to design or maintenance, are expensed as incurred. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Incentives that we receive from property and equipment vendors are recorded as a reduction in our costs. Property includes buildings and land that we own, along with property we have acquired under build-to-suit, finance, and capital lease arrangements. Equipment includes assets such as servers and networking equipment, heavy equipment, and other fulfillment equipment. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally the lesser of 40 years or the remaining life of the underlying building, three years for our servers, five years for networking equipment, ten years for heavy equipment, and three to seven years for other fulfillment equipment). Depreciation expense is classified within the corresponding operating expense categories on our consolidated statements of operations. Leases and Asset Retirement Obligations We categorize leases at their inception as either operating or capital leases. On certain of our lease agreements, we may receive rent holidays and other incentives provided by the landlord. We recognize lease costs on a straight-line basis without regard to deferred payment terms, such as rent holidays, that defer the commencement date of required payments. Additionally, incentives we receive are treated as a reduction of our costs over the term of the agreement. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the lesser of their expected useful life or the non-cancellable term of the lease. We establish assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under build-to-suit lease arrangements to the extent we are involved in the construction of structural improvements or take construction risk prior to commencement of a lease. Upon occupancy of facilities under build-to-suit leases, we assess whether these arrangements qualify for sales recognition under the sale-leaseback accounting guidance. If we continue to be the deemed owner, the facilities are accounted for as finance leases. We establish assets and liabilities for the present value of estimated future costs to retire long-lived assets at the termination or expiration of a lease. Such assets are depreciated over the lease period into operating expense, and the recorded liabilities are accreted to the future value of the estimated retirement costs. As disclosed in “Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted,” our accounting for build-to-suit and finance leases will change on January 1, 2019. Goodwill We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. In testing goodwill for impairment, we may elect to utilize a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If our qualitative assessment indicates that goodwill impairment is more likely than not, we perform a two-step impairment test. We test goodwill for impairment under the two-step impairment test by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting units. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value or qualitative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, a second step is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the estimated fair value of goodwill and the carrying value. We estimate the fair value of the reporting units using discounted cash flows. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on expected category expansion, pricing, market segment share, and general economic conditions. We completed the required annual testing of goodwill for impairment for all reporting units as of April 1, 2018 , and determined that goodwill is no t impaired as the fair value of our reporting units substantially exceeded their book value. There were no events that caused us to update our annual impairment test. See “Note 4 — Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets.” Other Assets Included in “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets are amounts primarily related to acquired intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization; video and music content, net of accumulated amortization; long-term deferred tax assets; certain equity investments; marketable securities restricted for longer than one year, the majority of which are attributable to collateralization of bank guarantees and debt related to our international operations; and equity warrant assets. Video and Music Content We obtain video and music content for customers through licensing agreements that have a wide range of licensing provisions, which include both fixed and variable payment schedules. When the license fee for a specific movie, television, or music title is determinable or reasonably estimable and the content is available for streaming, we recognize an asset representing the fee and a corresponding liability for the amounts owed. We relieve the liability as payments are made and we amortize the asset to “Cost of sales” on a straight-line basis or on an accelerated basis, based on estimated usage patterns, which typically ranges from one to five years. If we are unable to reasonably estimate the cost per title, no asset or liability is recorded and licensing costs are expensed as incurred. We also develop original content. Capitalized production costs associated with our original content are limited by the amount of revenue we expect to earn, which results in a portion being expensed as incurred. These capitalized costs are amortized to “Cost of sales” on an accelerated basis that follows the viewing pattern of customer streams in the first months after availability. Investments We generally invest our excess cash in AAA-rated money market funds and investment grade short- to intermediate-term fixed income securities. Such investments are included in “Cash and cash equivalents” or “Marketable securities” on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Marketable debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss.” Equity investments are accounted for using the equity method of accounting if the investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. Equity-method investments are included within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. Our share of the earnings or losses as reported by equity-method investees, amortization of basis differences, and related gains or losses, if any, are classified as “Equity - method investment activity, net of tax” on our consolidated statements of operations. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values and for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for at cost with adjustments for observable changes in prices or impairments and are classified as “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. Equity investments that have readily determinable fair values are included in “Marketable securities” on our consolidated balance sheets and measured at fair value with changes recognized in “Other income (expense), net” on our consolidated statement of operations. We periodically evaluate whether declines in fair values of our investments indicate impairment. For debt securities and equity method investments, we also evaluate whether declines in fair value of our investments below their book value are other-than-temporary. This evaluation consists of several qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the severity and duration of the unrealized loss as well as our ability and intent to hold the investment until a forecasted recovery occurs. Additionally, we assess whether we have plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not we will be required to sell any investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Factors considered include: quoted market prices; recent financial results and operating trends; implied values from any recent transactions or offers of investee securities; credit quality of debt instrument issuers; other publicly available information that may affect the value of our investments; duration and severity of the decline in value; and our strategy and intentions for holding the investment. Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets used in operations, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted, probability-weighted future cash flows. We measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value. Long-lived assets are considered held for sale when certain criteria are met, including when management has committed to a plan to sell the asset, the asset is available for sale in its immediate condition, and the sale is probable within one year of the reporting date. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. Assets held for sale were not significant as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . Accrued Expenses and Other Included in “Accrued expenses and other” on our consolidated balance sheets are liabilities primarily related to leases and asset retirement obligations, payroll and related expenses, unredeemed gift cards, customer liabilities, current debt, acquired digital media content, and other operating expenses. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , our liabilities for payroll related expenses were $2.9 billion and $3.4 billion and our liabilities for unredeemed gift cards were $3.0 billion and $2.8 billion . We reduce the liability for a gift card when redeemed by a customer. The portion of gift cards that we do not expect to be redeemed is recognized based on customer usage patterns. Unearned Revenue Unearned revenue is recorded when payments are received or due in advance of performing our service obligations and is recognized over the service period. Unearned revenue primarily relates to prepayments of AWS services and Amazon Prime memberships. Our total unearned revenue as of December 31, 2017 was $6.1 billion , of which $5.3 billion was recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2018 , including adjustments related to the new revenue recognition guidance. Included in “Other long-term liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets was $1.0 billion and $1.4 billion of unearned revenue as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . Additionally, we have performance obligations, primarily related to AWS, associated with commitments in customer contracts for future services that have not yet been recognized in our financial statements. For contracts with original terms that exceed one year, those commitments not yet recognized were $19.3 billion as of December 31, 2018 . The weighted average remaining life of our long-term contracts is 3.3 years. However, the amount and timing of revenue recognition is largely driven by customer usage, which can extend beyond the original contractual term. Foreign Currency We have internationally-focused stores for which the net sales generated, as well as most of the related expenses directly incurred from those operations, are denominated in local functional currencies. The functional currency of our subsidiaries that either operate or support these stores is generally the same as the local currency. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars at period-end foreign exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing throughout the period. Translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss,” a separate component of stockholders’ equity, and in the “Foreign currency effect on cash and cash equivalents,” on our consolidated statements of cash flows. Transaction gains and losses including intercompany transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in “Other income (expense), net” on our consolidated statements of operations. In connection with the settlement and remeasurement of intercompany balances, we recorded gains (losses) of $62 million , $202 million , and $(186) million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an Accounting Sta |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Mar
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities | CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, RESTRICTED CASH, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities primarily consisted of cash, AAA-rated money market funds, U.S. and foreign government and agency securities, and other investment grade securities. Cash equivalents and marketable securities are recorded at fair value. The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in millions): December 31, 2017 Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Total Estimated Fair Value Cash $ 9,982 $ — $ — $ 9,982 Level 1 securities: Money market funds 11,343 — — 11,343 Equity securities 23 30 — 53 Level 2 securities: Foreign government and agency securities 620 — — 620 U.S. government and agency securities 4,841 1 (19 ) 4,823 Corporate debt securities 4,265 1 (9 ) 4,257 Asset-backed securities 910 — (5 ) 905 Other fixed income securities 340 — (2 ) 338 $ 32,324 $ 32 $ (35 ) $ 32,321 Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (1) (1,335 ) Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 30,986 December 31, 2018 Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Total Estimated Fair Value Cash $ 10,406 $ — $ — $ 10,406 Level 1 securities: Money market funds 12,515 — — 12,515 Equity securities 29 143 (2 ) 170 Level 2 securities: Foreign government and agency securities 815 — — 815 U.S. government and agency securities 11,686 1 (20 ) 11,667 Corporate debt securities 5,008 1 (19 ) 4,990 Asset-backed securities 896 — (4 ) 892 Other fixed income securities 190 — (2 ) 188 Equity securities 28 5 — 33 $ 41,573 $ 150 $ (47 ) $ 41,676 Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (1) (426 ) Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 41,250 ___________________ (1) We are required to pledge or otherwise restrict a portion of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as collateral for real estate leases, amounts due to third-party sellers in certain jurisdictions, debt, and standby and trade letters of credit. We classify cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities with use restrictions of less than twelve months as “Accounts receivable, net and other” and of twelve months or longer as non-current “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. See “Note 7 — Commitments and Contingencies.” The following table summarizes gross gains and gross losses realized on sales of available-for-sale fixed income marketable securities (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Realized gains $ 3 $ 5 $ 2 Realized losses 11 11 9 The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of our cash equivalents and marketable fixed income securities as of December 31, 2018 (in millions): Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Due within one year $ 27,520 $ 27,508 Due after one year through five years 2,865 2,845 Due after five years through ten years 187 185 Due after ten years 538 529 Total $ 31,110 $ 31,067 Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have certain prepayment conditions. The following table provides a reconciliation of the amount of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions): December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 20,522 $ 31,750 Restricted cash included in accounts receivable, net and other 1,329 418 Restricted cash included in other assets 5 5 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 21,856 $ 32,173 |
Property and Equipment
Property and Equipment | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |
Property and Equipment | PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment, at cost, consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 Gross property and equipment (1): Land and buildings $ 23,896 $ 31,741 Equipment 42,244 54,591 Other assets 2,438 2,577 Construction in progress 4,078 6,861 Gross property and equipment 72,656 95,770 Total accumulated depreciation and amortization (1) 23,790 33,973 Total property and equipment, net $ 48,866 $ 61,797 ___________________ (1) We revised our prior year presentation of gross property and equipment and total accumulated depreciation and amortization to include all property and equipment in service, including equipment which is fully-depreciated, to conform to the current year presentation. Total property and equipment, net remains unchanged for the prior year. Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $6.4 billion , $8.8 billion , and $12.1 billion which includes amortization of property and equipment acquired under capital leases of $3.8 billion , $5.4 billion , and $7.3 billion for 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Gross assets recorded under capital leases were $26.4 billion and $36.1 billion as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . Accumulated amortization associated with capital leases was $13.4 billion and $19.8 billion as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . We capitalize construction in progress and record a corresponding long-term liability for build-to-suit lease agreements where we are considered the owner, for accounting purposes, during the construction period. For buildings under build-to-suit lease arrangements where we have taken occupancy, which do not qualify for sales recognition under the sale-leaseback accounting guidance, we determined that we continue to be the deemed owner of these buildings. This is principally due to our significant investment in tenant improvements. As a result, the buildings are being depreciated over the shorter of their useful lives or the related leases’ terms. Additionally, certain build-to-suit lease arrangements and finance leases provide purchase options. Upon occupancy, the long-term construction obligations are considered long-term finance lease obligations with amounts payable during the next 12 months recorded as “Accrued expenses and other.” Gross assets remaining under finance leases were $5.4 billion and $7.5 billion as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . Accumulated amortization associated with finance leases was $635 million and $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . As disclosed in “Note 1 — Description of Business and Accounting Policies,” our accounting for build-to-suit and finance leases will change on January 1, 2019. |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acq
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Business Combinations [Abstract] | |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets | ACQUISITIONS, GOODWILL, AND ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS 2016 Acquisition Activity During 2016 , we acquired certain companies for an aggregate purchase price of $103 million . The primary reason for these acquisitions, none of which were individually material to our consolidated financial statements, was to acquire technologies and know-how to enable Amazon to serve customers more effectively. 2017 Acquisition Activity On May 12, 2017 , we acquired Souq Group Ltd. (“Souq”), an e-commerce company, for approximately $583 million , net of cash acquired, and on August 28, 2017, we acquired Whole Foods Market, a grocery store chain, for approximately $13.2 billion , net of cash acquired. Both acquisitions are intended to expand our retail presence. During 2017 , we also acquired certain other companies for an aggregate purchase price of $204 million . The primary reason for our other 2017 acquisitions was to acquire technologies and know-how to enable Amazon to serve customers more effectively. 2018 Acquisition Activity On April 12, 2018 , we acquired Ring Inc. (“Ring”) for cash consideration of approximately $839 million , net of cash acquired, and on September 11, 2018 , we acquired PillPack, Inc. (“PillPack”) for cash consideration of approximately $753 million , net of cash acquired, to expand our product and service offerings. During 2018 , we also acquired certain other companies for an aggregate purchase price of $57 million . The primary reason for our other 2018 acquisitions was to acquire technologies and know-how to enable Amazon to serve customers more effectively. Acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred and were not significant. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effects of these acquisitions, individually and in the aggregate, were not material to our consolidated results of operations. Purchase Price Allocation The aggregate purchase price of these acquisitions was allocated as follows (in millions): December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Purchase Price Cash paid, net of cash acquired $ 81 $ 13,859 $ 1,618 Indemnification holdback 22 104 31 $ 103 $ 13,963 $ 1,649 Allocation Goodwill $ 60 $ 9,501 $ 1,228 Intangible assets (1): Marketing-related 2 1,987 186 Contract-based 1 440 13 Technology-based 53 166 285 Customer-related 1 54 193 57 2,647 677 Property and equipment 3 3,810 11 Deferred tax assets 17 117 174 Other assets acquired 10 1,858 282 Long-term debt (5 ) (1,165 ) (176 ) Deferred tax liabilities (18 ) (961 ) (159 ) Other liabilities assumed (21 ) (1,844 ) (388 ) $ 103 $ 13,963 $ 1,649 ___________________ (1) Intangible assets acquired in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 have estimated useful lives of between one and seven years, one and twenty-five years, and two and seven years, with weighted-average amortization periods of five years, twenty-one years, and six years. We determined the estimated fair value of identifiable intangible assets acquired primarily by using the income approach. These assets are included within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets and are being amortized to operating expenses on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill The goodwill of the acquired companies is primarily related to expected improvements in technology performance and functionality, as well as sales growth from future product and service offerings and new customers, together with certain intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition. The goodwill of the acquired companies is generally not deductible for tax purposes. The following summarizes our goodwill activity in 2017 and 2018 by segment (in millions): North America International AWS Consolidated Goodwill - January 1, 2017 $ 2,044 $ 694 $ 1,046 $ 3,784 New acquisitions (1) 9,115 368 18 9,501 Other adjustments (2) 6 46 13 65 Goodwill - December 31, 2017 11,165 1,108 1,077 13,350 New acquisitions (1) 1,031 177 20 1,228 Other adjustments (2) (5 ) (15 ) (10 ) (30 ) Goodwill - December 31, 2018 $ 12,191 $ 1,270 $ 1,087 $ 14,548 ___________________ (1) Primarily includes the acquisition of Whole Foods Market in the North America segment and Souq in the International segment in 2017 and the acquisitions of Ring and PillPack in the North America segment in 2018. (2) Primarily includes changes in foreign exchange rates. Intangible Assets Acquired intangible assets, included within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets, consist of the following (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 Acquired Intangibles, Gross (1) Accumulated Amortization (1) Acquired Intangibles, Net Acquired Intangibles, Gross (1) Accumulated Amortization (1) Acquired Intangibles, Net Weighted Average Life Remaining Marketing-related $ 2,486 $ (418 ) $ 2,068 $ 2,542 $ (431 ) $ 2,111 21.2 Contract-based 1,013 (213 ) 800 1,430 (224 ) 1,206 12.3 Technology- and content-based 640 (252 ) 388 941 (377 ) 564 4.6 Customer-related 283 (168 ) 115 437 (208 ) 229 4.4 Acquired intangibles (2) $ 4,422 $ (1,051 ) $ 3,371 $ 5,350 $ (1,240 ) $ 4,110 15.4 ___________________ (1) Excludes the original cost and accumulated amortization of fully-amortized intangibles. (2) Intangible assets have estimated useful lives of between one and twenty-five years. Amortization expense for acquired intangibles was $287 million , $366 million , and $475 million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Expected future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 511 2020 412 2021 355 2022 323 2023 270 Thereafter 2,217 $ 4,088 |
Long-Term Debt
Long-Term Debt | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Long-Term Debt | DEBT As of December 31, 2018 , we had $24.3 billion of unsecured senior notes outstanding (the “Notes”). As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , the net unamortized discount and debt issuance costs on the Notes was $99 million and $101 million . We also have other long-term debt with a carrying amount, including the current portion and borrowings under our credit facility, of $692 million and $715 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . The face value of our total long-term debt obligations is as follows (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 2.600% Notes due on December 5, 2019 (2) 1,000 1,000 1.900% Notes due on August 21, 2020 (3) 1,000 1,000 3.300% Notes due on December 5, 2021 (2) 1,000 1,000 2.500% Notes due on November 29, 2022 (1) 1,250 1,250 2.400% Notes due on February 22, 2023 (3) 1,000 1,000 2.800% Notes due on August 22, 2024 (3) 2,000 2,000 3.800% Notes due on December 5, 2024 (2) 1,250 1,250 5.200% Notes due on December 3, 2025 (4) 1,000 1,000 3.150% Notes due on August 22, 2027 (3) 3,500 3,500 4.800% Notes due on December 5, 2034 (2) 1,250 1,250 3.875% Notes due on August 22, 2037 (3) 2,750 2,750 4.950% Notes due on December 5, 2044 (2) 1,500 1,500 4.050% Notes due on August 22, 2047 (3) 3,500 3,500 4.250% Notes due on August 22, 2057 (3) 2,250 2,250 Credit Facility 592 594 Other long-term debt 100 121 Total debt 24,942 24,965 Less current portion of long-term debt (100 ) (1,371 ) Face value of long-term debt $ 24,842 $ 23,594 _____________________________ (1) Issued in November 2012, effective interest rate of the 2022 Notes was 2.66% . (2) Issued in December 2014, effective interest rates of the 2019, 2021, 2024, 2034, and 2044 Notes were 2.73% , 3.43% , 3.90% , 4.92% , and 5.11% . (3) Issued in August 2017, effective interest rates of the 2020, 2023, 2024, 2027, 2037, 2047, and 2057 Notes were 2.16% , 2.56% , 2.95% , 3.25% , 3.94% , 4.13% , and 4.33% . (4) Consists of $872 million of 2025 Notes issued in December 2017 in exchange for notes assumed in connection with the acquisition of Whole Foods Market and $128 million of 2025 Notes issued by Whole Foods Market that did not participate in our December 2017 exchange offer. The effective interest rate of the 2025 Notes was 3.02% . Interest on the Notes issued in 2012 is payable semi-annually in arrears in May and November . Interest on the Notes issued in 2014 is payable semi-annually in arrears in June and December . Interest on the Notes issued in 2017 is payable semi-annually in arrears in February and August. Interest on the 2025 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears in June and December. We may redeem the Notes at any time in whole, or from time to time, in part at specified redemption prices. We are not subject to any financial covenants under the Notes. The proceeds from the November 2012 and the December 2014 Notes were used for general corporate purposes. The proceeds from the August 2017 Notes were used to fund the consideration for the acquisition of Whole Foods Market, to repay notes due in 2017, and for general corporate purposes. The estimated fair value of the Notes was approximately $25.7 billion and $24.3 billion as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , which is based on quoted prices for our debt as of those dates. In October 2016, we entered into a $500 million secured revolving credit facility with a lender that is secured by certain seller receivables , which we subsequently increased to $620 million and may from time to time increase in the future subject to lender approval (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility is available for a term of three years , bears interest at the London interbank offered rate (“ LIBOR ”) plus 1.65% , and has a commitment fee of 0.50% on the undrawn portion. There were $592 million and $594 million of borrowings outstanding under the Credit Facility as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , which had a weighted-average interest rate of 2.7% and 3.2% as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , we have pledged $686 million of our cash and seller receivables as collateral for debt related to our Credit Facility. The estimated fair value of the Credit Facility, which is based on Level 2 inputs, approximated its carrying value as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . The other debt, including the current portion, had a weighted-average interest rate of 5.8% and 6.0% as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . We used the net proceeds from the issuance of this debt primarily to fund certain business operations. The estimated fair value of the other long-term debt, which is based on Level 2 inputs, approximated its carrying value as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . As of December 31, 2018 , future principal payments for our total debt were as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 1,371 2020 1,298 2021 1,016 2022 1,266 2023 1,014 Thereafter 19,000 $ 24,965 In April 2018, we established a commercial paper program (the “Commercial Paper Program”) under which we may from time to time issue unsecured commercial paper up to a total of $7.0 billion at any time, with individual maturities that may vary but will not exceed 397 days from the date of issue. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Commercial Paper Program as of December 31, 2018 . In April 2018, in connection with our Commercial Paper Program, we amended and restated our unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of lenders to increase our borrowing capacity thereunder to $7.0 billion . As amended and restated, the Credit Agreement has a term of three years , but it may be extended for up to three additional one -year terms if approved by the lenders. The interest rate applicable to outstanding balances under the amended and restated Credit Agreement is LIBOR plus 0.50% , with a commitment fee of 0.04% on the undrawn portion of the credit facility. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . |
Other Long-Term Liabilities
Other Long-Term Liabilities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Other Long-Term Liabilities | OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES Our other long-term liabilities are summarized as follows (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 Long-term capital lease obligations $ 8,438 $ 9,650 Long-term finance lease obligations 4,745 6,642 Construction liabilities 1,350 2,516 Tax contingencies 1,004 896 Long-term deferred tax liabilities 990 1,490 Other 4,448 6,019 Total other long-term liabilities $ 20,975 $ 27,213 Capital and Finance Leases Certain of our equipment, primarily related to technology infrastructure, and buildings have been acquired under capital leases. Long-term capital lease obligations are as follows (in millions): December 31, 2018 Gross capital lease obligations $ 17,952 Less imputed interest (582 ) Present value of net minimum lease payments 17,370 Less current portion of capital lease obligations (7,720 ) Total long-term capital lease obligations $ 9,650 We continue to be the deemed owner after occupancy of certain facilities that were constructed as build-to-suit lease arrangements and previously reflected as “Construction liabilities.” As such, these arrangements are accounted for as finance leases. Long-term finance lease obligations are as follows (in millions): December 31, 2018 Gross finance lease obligations $ 8,376 Less imputed interest (1,323 ) Present value of net minimum lease payments 7,053 Less current portion of finance lease obligations (411 ) Total long-term finance lease obligations $ 6,642 As disclosed in “Note 1 — Description of Business and Accounting Policies,” our accounting for build-to-suit and finance leases will change on January 1, 2019. Construction Liabilities We capitalize construction in progress and record a corresponding long-term liability for build-to-suit lease agreements where we are considered the owner during the construction period for accounting purposes. These liabilities primarily relate to our corporate buildings and fulfillment, sortation, delivery, and data centers. As disclosed in “Note 1 — Description of Business and Accounting Policies,” our accounting for build-to-suit and finance leases will change on January 1, 2019. Tax Contingencies We have recorded reserves for tax contingencies, inclusive of accrued interest and penalties, for U.S. and foreign income taxes. These reserves primarily relate to transfer pricing and state income taxes, and are presented net of offsetting deferred tax assets related to net operating losses and tax credits. See “Note 9 — Income Taxes” for discussion of tax contingencies. |
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Commitments and Contingencies | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Commitments We have entered into non-cancellable operating, capital, and finance leases for equipment and office, fulfillment, sortation, delivery, data center, physical store, and renewable energy facilities. Rental expense under operating lease agreements was $1.4 billion , $2.2 billion , and $3.4 billion for 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . The following summarizes our principal contractual commitments, excluding open orders for purchases that support normal operations and are generally cancellable, as of December 31, 2018 (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Debt principal and interest $ 2,277 $ 2,161 $ 1,861 $ 2,078 $ 1,781 $ 30,013 $ 40,171 Capital lease obligations, including interest (1) 7,807 5,742 2,725 704 473 501 17,952 Finance lease obligations, including interest (2) 628 640 652 664 675 5,117 8,376 Operating leases 3,127 3,070 2,775 2,473 2,195 13,026 26,666 Unconditional purchase obligations (3) 3,523 4,103 3,291 3,098 2,974 5,204 22,193 Other commitments (4) (5) 2,618 1,455 1,056 843 808 8,875 15,655 Total commitments $ 19,980 $ 17,171 $ 12,360 $ 9,860 $ 8,906 $ 62,736 $ 131,013 ___________________ (1) Excluding interest, current capital lease obligations of $5.8 billion and $7.7 billion are recorded within “Accrued expenses and other” as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , and $8.4 billion and $9.6 billion are recorded within “Other long-term liabilities” as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . (2) Excluding interest, current finance lease obligations of $282 million and $411 million are recorded within “Accrued expenses and other” as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , and $4.7 billion and $6.6 billion are recorded within “Other long-term liabilities” as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . (3) Includes unconditional purchase obligations related to certain products offered in our Whole Foods Market stores and long-term agreements to acquire and license digital media content that are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. For those digital media content agreements with variable terms, we do not estimate the total obligation beyond any minimum quantities and/or pricing as of the reporting date. Purchase obligations associated with renewal provisions solely at the option of the content provider are included to the extent such commitments are fixed or a minimum amount is specified. (4) Includes the estimated timing and amounts of payments for rent and tenant improvements associated with build-to-suit lease arrangements and equipment lease arrangements that have not been placed in service and digital media content liabilities associated with long-term digital media content assets with initial terms greater than one year. (5) Excludes approximately $3.4 billion of accrued tax contingencies for which we cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of the amount and period of payment, if any. Pledged Assets As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , we have pledged or otherwise restricted $1.4 billion and $575 million of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, and certain property and equipment as collateral for real estate leases, amounts due to third-party sellers in certain jurisdictions, debt, and standby and trade letters of credit. Suppliers During 2018 , no vendor accounted for 10% or more of our purchases. We generally do not have long-term contracts or arrangements with our vendors to guarantee the availability of merchandise, particular payment terms, or the extension of credit limits. Other Contingencies In 2016, we determined that we processed and delivered orders of consumer products for certain individuals and entities located outside Iran covered by the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act or other United States sanctions and export control laws. The consumer products included books, music, other media, apparel, home and kitchen, health and beauty, jewelry, office, consumer electronics, software, lawn and patio, grocery, and automotive products. Our review is ongoing and we have voluntarily reported these orders to the United States Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control and the United States Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security. We intend to cooperate fully with OFAC and BIS with respect to their review, which may result in the imposition of penalties. For additional information, see Item 9B of Part II, “Other Information — Disclosure Pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act.” We are subject to claims related to various indirect taxes (such as sales, value added, consumption, service, and similar taxes), including in jurisdictions in which we already collect and remit such taxes. If the relevant taxing authorities were successfully to pursue these claims, we could be subject to significant additional tax liabilities. For example, in June 2017, the State of South Carolina issued an assessment for uncollected sales and use taxes for the period from January 2016 to March 2016, including interest and penalties. South Carolina is alleging that we should have collected sales and use taxes on transactions by our third-party sellers. We believe the assessment is without merit. If South Carolina or other states were successfully to seek additional adjustments of a similar nature, we could be subject to significant additional tax liabilities. We intend to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. Legal Proceedings The Company is involved from time to time in claims, proceedings, and litigation, including the following: In November 2007, an Austrian copyright collection society, Austro-Mechana, filed lawsuits against Amazon.com International Sales, Inc., Amazon EU S.à r.l., Amazon.de GmbH, Amazon.com GmbH, and Amazon Logistik in the Commercial Court of Vienna, Austria and in the District Court of Munich, Germany seeking to collect a tariff on blank digital media sold by our EU-based retail websites to customers located in Austria. In July 2008, the German court stayed the German case pending a final decision in the Austrian case. In July 2010, the Austrian court ruled in favor of Austro-Mechana and ordered us to report all sales of products to which the tariff potentially applies for a determination of damages. We contested Austro-Mechana’s claim and in September 2010 commenced an appeal in the Commercial Court of Vienna. We lost this appeal and in March 2011 commenced an appeal in the Supreme Court of Austria. In October 2011, the Austrian Supreme Court referred the case to the European Court of Justice (“ECJ”). In July 2013, the ECJ ruled that EU law does not preclude application of the tariff where certain conditions are met and directed the case back to the Austrian Supreme Court for further proceedings. In October 2013, the Austrian Supreme Court referred the case back to the Commercial Court of Vienna for further fact finding to determine whether the tariff on blank digital media meets the conditions set by the ECJ. In August 2015, the Commercial Court of Vienna ruled that the Austrian tariff regime does not meet the conditions the ECJ set and dismissed Austro-Mechana’s claims. In September 2015, Austro-Mechana appealed that judgment to the Higher Commercial Court of Vienna. In December 2015, the Higher Commercial Court of Vienna confirmed that the Austrian tariff regime does not meet the conditions the ECJ set and dismissed Austro-Mechana’s appeal. In February 2016, Austro-Mechana appealed that judgment to the Austrian Supreme Court. In March 2017, the Austrian Supreme Court ruled in favor of Austro-Mechana and referred the case back to the Commercial Court of Vienna for further proceedings. A number of additional actions have been filed making similar allegations. In December 2012, a German copyright collection society, Zentralstelle für private Überspielungsrechte (“ZPU”), filed a complaint against Amazon EU S.à r.l., Amazon Media EU S.à r.l., Amazon Services Europe S.à r.l., Amazon Payments Europe SCA, Amazon Europe Holding Technologies SCS, and Amazon Eurasia Holdings S.à r.l. in the District Court of Luxembourg seeking to collect a tariff on blank digital media sold by the Amazon.de retail website to customers located in Germany. In January 2013, a Belgian copyright collection society, AUVIBEL, filed a complaint against Amazon EU S.à r.l. in the Court of First Instance of Brussels, Belgium, seeking to collect a tariff on blank digital media sold by the Amazon.fr retail website to customers located in Belgium. In November 2013, the Belgian court ruled in favor of AUVIBEL and ordered us to report all sales of products to which the tariff potentially applies for a determination of damages. We dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in these matters. Beginning in August 2013, a number of complaints were filed alleging, among other things, that Amazon.com, Inc. and several of its subsidiaries failed to compensate hourly workers for time spent waiting in security lines and otherwise violated federal and state wage and hour statutes and common law. In August 2013, Busk v. Integrity Staffing Solutions, Inc. and Amazon.com, Inc. was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, and Vance v. Amazon.com, Inc., Zappos.com Inc., another affiliate of Amazon.com, Inc., and Kelly Services, Inc. was filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. In September 2013, Allison v. Amazon.com, Inc. and Integrity Staffing Solutions, Inc. was filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington, and Johnson v. Amazon.com, Inc. and an affiliate of Amazon.com, Inc. was filed in the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky. In October 2013, Davis v. Amazon.com, Inc., an affiliate of Amazon.com, Inc., and Integrity Staffing Solutions, Inc. was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. The plaintiffs variously purport to represent a nationwide class of certain current and former employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act and/or state-law-based subclasses for certain current and former employees in states including Arizona, California, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Kentucky, Washington, and Nevada, and one complaint asserts nationwide breach of contract and unjust enrichment claims. The complaints seek an unspecified amount of damages, interest, injunctive relief, and attorneys’ fees. We have been named in several other similar cases. In December 2014, the Supreme Court ruled in Busk that time spent waiting for and undergoing security screening is not compensable working time under the federal wage and hour statute. In February 2015, the courts in those actions alleging only federal law claims entered stipulated orders dismissing those actions without prejudice. In March 2016, the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky dismissed the Vance case with prejudice. In April 2016, the plaintiffs appealed the district court’s judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. In March 2017, the court of appeals affirmed the district court’s decision. In June 2017, the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky dismissed the Busk and Saldana cases with prejudice. We dispute any remaining allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in these matters. In March 2015, Zitovault, LLC filed a complaint against Amazon.com, Inc., Amazon.com, LLC, Amazon Web Services, Inc., and Amazon Web Services, LLC for patent infringement in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges that Elastic Compute Cloud, Virtual Private Cloud, Elastic Load Balancing, Auto-Scaling, and Elastic Beanstalk infringe U.S. Patent No. 6,484,257, entitled “System and Method for Maintaining N Number of Simultaneous Cryptographic Sessions Using a Distributed Computing Environment.” The complaint seeks injunctive relief, an unspecified amount of damages, enhanced damages, attorneys’ fees, costs, and interest. In January 2016, the case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington. In June 2016, the case was stayed pending resolution of a review petition we filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. In January 2019, the stay of the case was lifted following resolution of the review petition. We dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. In November 2015, Eolas Technologies, Inc. filed a complaint against Amazon.com, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the use of “interactive features” on www.amazon.com, including “search suggestions and search results,” infringes U.S. Patent No. 9,195,507, entitled “Distributed Hypermedia Method and System for Automatically Invoking External Application Providing Interaction and Display of Embedded Objects Within A Hypermedia Document.” The complaint sought a judgment of infringement together with costs and attorneys’ fees. In February 2016, Eolas filed an amended complaint seeking, among other things, an unspecified amount of damages. In February 2017, Eolas alleged in its damages report that in the event of a finding of liability Amazon could be subject to $130 - $250 million in damages. In April 2017, the case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. We dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. In October 2017, SRC Labs, LLC and Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe filed a complaint for patent infringement against Amazon Web Services, Inc., Amazon.com, Inc., and VADATA, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. The complaint alleges, among other things, that certain AWS EC2 Instances infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 6,434,687, entitled “System and method for accelerating web site access and processing utilizing a computer system incorporating reconfigurable processors operating under a single operating system image”; 7,149,867, entitled “System and method of enhancing efficiency and utilization of memory bandwidth in reconfigurable hardware”; 7,225,324 and 7,620,800, both entitled “Multi-adaptive processing systems and techniques for enhancing parallelism and performance of computational functions”; and 9,153,311, entitled “System and method for retaining DRAM data when reprogramming reconfigurable devices with DRAM memory controllers.” The complaint seeks an unspecified amount of damages, enhanced damages, interest, and a compulsory on-going royalty. In February 2018, the Virginia district court transferred the case to the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington. In November 2018, the case was stayed pending resolution of eight review petitions filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office relating to the ‘324, ‘867, and ‘311 patents. We dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. In May 2018, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and CF Dynamic Advances LLC filed a complaint against Amazon.com, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. The complaint alleges, among other things, that “Alexa Voice Software and Alexa enabled devices” infringe U.S. Patent No. 7,177,798, entitled “Natural Language Interface Using Constrained Intermediate Dictionary of Results.” The complaint seeks an injunction, an unspecified amount of damages, enhanced damages, an ongoing royalty, pre- and post-judgment interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. We dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. In June 2018, VoIP-Pal.com, Inc. filed a complaint against Amazon Technologies, Inc. and Amazon.com, Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the Alexa calling and messaging system, the Alexa app, and Echo, Tap, and Fire devices with Alexa support infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 9,537,762; 9,813,330; 9,826,002; and 9,948,549, all entitled “Producing Routing Messages For Voice Over IP Communications.” The complaint seeks an unspecified amount of damages, enhanced damages, attorneys’ fees, costs, and interest. In November 2018, the case was transferred to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. We dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. In November 2018, Dynamic Data Technologies, LLC filed a complaint for patent infringement against Amazon.com, Inc., Amazon Web Services, Inc., and Amazon Digital Services, LLC in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. The complaint alleges, among other things, that products and services with H.265 functionality, including Amazon Elastic Transcoder, AWS Elemental Media Convert, AWS Elemental MediaLive, certain EC2 instances, Amazon CloudFront, Amazon Fire TV, and Amazon Fire tablets, infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 8,135,073, entitled “Enhancing Video Images Depending On Prior Image Enhancements”; 6,774,918, entitled “Video Overlay Processor With Reduced Memory and Bus Performance Requirements”; and 7,571,450, entitled “System For And Method Of Displaying Information.” The complaint also alleges that products and services with H.265 functionality, including AWS Elemental Media Convert, AWS Elemental MediaLive, certain EC2 instances, Amazon CloudFront, and Amazon Fire TV, infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 8,073,054, entitled “Unit For And Method Of Estimating A Current Motion Vector”; 6,996,177, entitled “Motion Estimation”; 8,311,112, entitled “System And Method For Video Compression Using Predictive Coding”; and 7,894,529, entitled “Method And Device For Determining Motion Vectors.” The complaint also alleges that products and services for encoding video data, including Amazon Elastic Transcoder and Amazon Video, infringe U.S. Patent No. 8,184,689, entitled “Method Video Encoding And Decoding Preserving Cache Localities,” and that products and services with VP9 encoding functionality, including Amazon Elastic Transcoder and Amazon Fire TV, infringe U.S. Patent No. 7,519,230, entitled “Background Motion Vector Detection.” The complaint seeks an unspecified amount of damages, enhanced damages, attorneys’ fees, and interest. We dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. In December 2018, Kove IO, Inc. filed a complaint against Amazon Web Services, Inc. in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. The complaint alleges, among other things, that Amazon S3 and DynamoDB infringe U.S. Patent Nos. 7,814,170 and 7,103,640, both entitled “Network Distributed Tracking Wire Transfer Protocol,” and 7,233,978, entitled “Method And Apparatus For Managing Location Information In A Network Separate From The Data To Which The Location Information Pertains.” The complaint seeks an unspecified amount of damages, enhanced damages, attorneys’ fees, costs, interest, and injunctive relief. We dispute the allegations of wrongdoing and intend to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. The outcomes of our legal proceedings and other contingencies are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to our operating results and cash flows for a particular period. In addition, for the matters disclosed above that do not include an estimate of the amount of loss or range of losses, such an estimate is not possible or is immaterial, and we may be unable to estimate the possible loss or range of losses that could potentially result from the application of non-monetary remedies. See also “Note 9 — Income Taxes.” |
Stockholders' Equity
Stockholders' Equity | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | |
Stockholders' Equity | STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY Preferred Stock We have authorized 500 million shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock. No preferred stock was outstanding for any year presented. Common Stock Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying outstanding stock awards totaled 497 million , 504 million , and 507 million , as of December 31, 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . These totals include all vested and unvested stock awards outstanding, including those awards we estimate will be forfeited. Stock Repurchase Activity In February 2016, the Board of Directors authorized a program to repurchase up to $5.0 billion of our common stock, with no fixed expiration. There were no repurchases of common stock in 2016 , 2017 , or 2018 . Stock Award Plans Employees vest in restricted stock unit awards and stock options over the corresponding service term, generally between two and five years . Stock Award Activity Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Cost of sales $ 16 $ 47 $ 73 Fulfillment 657 911 1,121 Marketing 323 511 769 Technology and content 1,664 2,305 2,888 General and administrative 315 441 567 Total stock-based compensation expense (1) $ 2,975 $ 4,215 $ 5,418 ___________________ (1) The related tax benefits were $907 million , $860 million , and $1.1 billion for 2016, 2017, and 2018. In 2017 and 2018, the tax benefit reflects the permanent reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% . The following table summarizes our restricted stock unit activity (in millions): Number of Units Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Outstanding as of January 1, 2016 18.9 $ 362 Units granted 9.3 660 Units vested (6.1 ) 321 Units forfeited (2.3 ) 440 Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 19.8 506 Units granted 8.9 946 Units vested (6.8 ) 400 Units forfeited (1.8 ) 649 Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 20.1 725 Units granted 5.0 1,522 Units vested (7.1 ) 578 Units forfeited (2.1 ) 862 Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 15.9 $ 1,024 Scheduled vesting for outstanding restricted stock units as of December 31, 2018 , is as follows (in millions): Year Ended 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Scheduled vesting — restricted stock units 6.9 5.6 2.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 15.9 As of December 31, 2018 , there was $6.6 billion of net unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements. This compensation is recognized on an accelerated basis with approximately half of the compensation expected to be expensed in the next twelve months, and has a weighted-average recognition period of 1.1 years. The estimated forfeiture rate as of December 31, 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 was 28% , 28% , and 27% . Changes in our estimates and assumptions relating to forfeitures may cause us to realize material changes in stock-based compensation expense in the future. During 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , the fair value of restricted stock units that vested was $4.3 billion , $6.8 billion , and $11.4 billion . Common Stock Available for Future Issuance As of December 31, 2018 , common stock available for future issuance to employees is 113 million shares. |
Income Taxes
Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES In 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , we recorded net tax provisions of $1.4 billion , $769 million , and $1.2 billion . We have tax benefits relating to excess stock-based compensation deductions and accelerated depreciation deductions that are being utilized to reduce our U.S. taxable income. Cash taxes paid, net of refunds, were $412 million , $957 million , and $1.2 billion for 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . The U.S. Tax Act was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The U.S. Tax Act significantly revised the U.S. corporate income tax by, among other things, lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% , eliminating certain deductions, imposing a mandatory one-time tax on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries, introducing new tax regimes, and changing how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax. The U.S. Tax Act also enhanced and extended the option to claim accelerated depreciation deductions by allowing full expensing of qualified property, primarily equipment, through 2022. We reasonably estimated the effects of the U.S. Tax Act and recorded provisional amounts in our financial statements as of December 31, 2017. We recorded a provisional tax benefit for the impact of the U.S. Tax Act of approximately $789 million . This amount was primarily comprised of the remeasurement of federal net deferred tax liabilities resulting from the permanent reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate to 21% from 35% , after taking into account the mandatory one-time tax on the accumulated earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. The amount of this one-time tax was not material. In 2018, we completed our determination of the accounting implications of the U.S. Tax Act. The components of the provision for income taxes, net are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Current taxes: U.S. Federal $ 1,136 $ (137 ) $ (129 ) U.S. State 208 211 322 International 327 724 563 Current taxes 1,671 798 756 Deferred taxes: U.S. Federal 116 (202 ) 565 U.S. State (31 ) (26 ) 5 International (331 ) 199 (129 ) Deferred taxes (246 ) (29 ) 441 Provision for income taxes, net $ 1,425 $ 769 $ 1,197 U.S. and international components of income before income taxes are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 U.S. $ 4,551 $ 5,630 $ 11,157 International (659 ) (1,824 ) 104 Income before income taxes $ 3,892 $ 3,806 $ 11,261 The items accounting for differences between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the provision recorded for income taxes are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate (1) $ 1,362 $ 1,332 $ 2,365 Effect of: Tax impact of foreign earnings (69 ) 1,178 119 State taxes, net of federal benefits 110 114 263 Tax credits (119 ) (220 ) (419 ) Stock-based compensation (2) 189 (917 ) (1,086 ) Domestic production activities deduction (94 ) — — 2017 Impact of U.S. Tax Act — (789 ) (157 ) Other, net 46 71 112 Total $ 1,425 $ 769 $ 1,197 ___________________ (1) The U.S. Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal statutory rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018. (2) Includes non-deductible stock-based compensation and beginning in 2017, excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. For 2017 and 2018, our tax provision includes $1.3 billion and $1.6 billion of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. Our provision for income taxes in 2017 was lower than in 2016 primarily due to excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation and the one-time favorable effect of the U.S. Tax Act, partially offset by an increase in the proportion of foreign losses for which we may not realize a tax benefit and audit-related developments. We regularly assess whether it is more likely than not that we will realize our deferred tax assets in each taxing jurisdiction in which we operate. In performing this assessment with respect to each jurisdiction, we review all available evidence, including recent cumulative loss experience and expectations of future earnings, capital gains, and investment in such jurisdiction, the carry-forward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, and other relevant factors. In Q2 2017, we recognized an estimated charge to tax expense of $600 million to record a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets in Luxembourg. Our provision for income taxes in 2018 was higher than in 2017 primarily due to an increase in U.S. pre-tax income and the one-time provisional tax benefit of the U.S. Tax Act recognized in 2017. This was partially offset by the reduction to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate in 2018, a decline in the proportion of foreign losses for which we may not realize a tax benefit and an increase in excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. Certain foreign subsidiary earnings are subject to U.S. taxation under the U.S. Tax Act, which also repeals U.S. taxation on the subsequent repatriation of those earnings. We intend to invest substantially all of our foreign subsidiary earnings, as well as our capital in our foreign subsidiaries, indefinitely outside of the U.S. in those jurisdictions in which we would incur significant, additional costs upon repatriation of such amounts. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 Deferred tax assets (1): Loss carryforwards U.S. - Federal/States $ 211 $ 222 Loss carryforwards - Foreign 2,149 2,551 Accrued liabilities, reserves, and other expenses 901 1,064 Stock-based compensation 1,026 1,293 Deferred revenue 349 321 Assets held for investment 35 69 Depreciation and amortization 279 2,386 Other items 167 94 Tax credits 381 734 Total gross deferred tax assets 5,498 8,734 Less valuation allowance (2) (2,538 ) (4,950 ) Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 2,960 3,784 Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization (2,568 ) (3,579 ) Acquisition related intangible assets (531 ) (682 ) Other items (58 ) (67 ) Net deferred tax assets (liabilities), net of valuation allowance $ (197 ) $ (544 ) ___________________ (1) Deferred tax assets are presented net of tax contingencies. (2) Relates primarily to deferred tax assets that would only be realizable upon the generation of net income in certain foreign taxing jurisdictions and future capital gains. As of December 31, 2018 , our federal, foreign, and state net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately $627 million , $7.8 billion , and $919 million . The federal, foreign, and state net operating loss carryforwards are subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and applicable foreign and state tax law. If not utilized, a portion of the federal, foreign, and state net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2029 , 2019 , and 2019 , respectively. As of December 31, 2018 , our tax credit carryforwards for income tax purposes were approximately $1.7 billion . If not utilized, a portion of the tax credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2022 . As of December 31, 2018 , our federal capital loss carryforwards for income tax purposes was approximately $261 million . If not utilized, a portion of the capital loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2022 . Tax Contingencies We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. (federal and state) and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We establish reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. These reserves are established when we believe that certain positions might be challenged despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the outcome of tax audits. The provision for income taxes includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that are considered appropriate. The reconciliation of our tax contingencies is as follows (in millions): December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Gross tax contingencies – January 1 $ 1,181 $ 1,710 $ 2,309 Gross increases to tax positions in prior periods 355 223 164 Gross decreases to tax positions in prior periods (133 ) (139 ) (90 ) Gross increases to current period tax positions 308 518 1,088 Settlements with tax authorities — — (36 ) Lapse of statute of limitations (1 ) (3 ) (21 ) Gross tax contingencies – December 31 (1) $ 1,710 $ 2,309 $ 3,414 ___________________ (1) As of December 31, 2018 , we had approximately $3.4 billion of accrued tax contingencies, of which $1.7 billion , if fully recognized, would decrease our effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , we had accrued interest and penalties, net of federal income tax benefit, related to tax contingencies of $107 million and $127 million . Interest and penalties, net of federal income tax benefit, recognized for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 was $9 million , $40 million , and $20 million . We are under examination, or may be subject to examination, by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) for the calendar year 2005 and thereafter. These examinations may lead to ordinary course adjustments or proposed adjustments to our taxes or our net operating losses with respect to years under examination as well as subsequent periods. As previously disclosed, we have received Notices of Proposed Adjustment (“NOPAs”) from the IRS for transactions undertaken in the 2005 and 2006 calendar years relating to transfer pricing with our foreign subsidiaries. The IRS is seeking to increase our U.S. taxable income by an amount that would result in additional federal tax of approximately $1.5 billion , subject to interest. On March 23, 2017, the U.S. Tax Court issued its decision regarding the issues raised in the IRS NOPAs. The Tax Court rejected the approach from the IRS NOPAs in determining transfer pricing adjustments in 2005 and 2006 for the transactions undertaken with our foreign subsidiaries and adopted, with adjustments, our suggested approach. In September 2017, the IRS appealed the decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. We will continue to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. If the Tax Court decision were reversed on appeal or if the IRS were to successfully assert transfer pricing adjustments of a similar nature to the NOPAs for transactions in subsequent years, we could be subject to significant additional tax liabilities. In October 2014, the European Commission opened a formal investigation to examine whether decisions by the tax authorities in Luxembourg with regard to the corporate income tax paid by certain of our subsidiaries comply with European Union rules on state aid. On October 4, 2017, the European Commission announced its decision that determinations by the tax authorities in Luxembourg did not comply with European Union rules on state aid. Based on that decision the European Commission announced an estimated recovery amount of approximately €250 million , plus interest, for the period May 2006 through June 2014, and ordered Luxembourg tax authorities to calculate the actual amount of additional taxes subject to recovery. Luxembourg computed an initial recovery amount, consistent with the European Commission’s decision, that we deposited into escrow in March 2018, subject to adjustment pending conclusion of all appeals. In December 2017, Luxembourg appealed the European Commission’s decision. In May 2018, we appealed. We believe the European Commission’s decision to be without merit and will continue to defend ourselves vigorously in this matter. We are also subject to taxation in various states and other foreign jurisdictions including China, Germany, India, Japan, Luxembourg, and the United Kingdom. We are under, or may be subject to, audit or examination and additional assessments by the relevant authorities in respect of these particular jurisdictions primarily for 2008 and thereafter. We expect the total amount of tax contingencies will grow in 2019 . In addition, changes in state, federal, and foreign tax laws may increase our tax contingencies. The timing of the resolution of income tax examinations is highly uncertain, and the amounts ultimately paid, if any, upon resolution of the issues raised by the taxing authorities may differ from the amounts accrued. It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months we will receive additional assessments by various tax authorities or possibly reach resolution of income tax examinations in one or more jurisdictions. These assessments or settlements could result in changes to our contingencies related to positions on tax filings in years through 2018 . The actual amount of any change could vary significantly depending on the ultimate timing and nature of any settlements. We cannot currently provide an estimate of the range of possible outcomes. |
Segment Information
Segment Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
Segment Information | SEGMENT INFORMATION We have organized our operations into three segments: North America, International, and AWS. We allocate to segment results the operating expenses “Fulfillment,” “Marketing,” “Technology and content,” and “General and administrative” based on usage, which is generally reflected in the segment in which the costs are incurred. The majority of technology infrastructure costs are allocated to the AWS segment based on usage. The majority of the remaining non-infrastructure technology costs are incurred in the U.S. and are allocated to our North America segment. There are no internal revenue transactions between our reportable segments. These segments reflect the way our chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company’s business performance and manages its operations. North America The North America segment primarily consists of amounts earned from retail sales of consumer products (including from sellers) and subscriptions through North America-focused online and physical stores. This segment includes export sales from these online stores. International The International segment primarily consists of amounts earned from retail sales of consumer products (including from sellers) and subscriptions through internationally-focused online stores. This segment includes export sales from these internationally-focused online stores (including export sales from these online stores to customers in the U.S., Mexico, and Canada), but excludes export sales from our North America-focused online stores. AWS The AWS segment consists of amounts earned from global sales of compute, storage, database, and other service offerings for start-ups, enterprises, government agencies, and academic institutions. Information on reportable segments and reconciliation to consolidated net income (loss) is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America Net sales $ 79,785 $ 106,110 $ 141,366 Operating expenses 77,424 103,273 134,099 Operating income $ 2,361 $ 2,837 $ 7,267 International Net sales $ 43,983 $ 54,297 $ 65,866 Operating expenses 45,266 57,359 68,008 Operating income (loss) $ (1,283 ) $ (3,062 ) $ (2,142 ) AWS Net sales $ 12,219 $ 17,459 $ 25,655 Operating expenses 9,111 13,128 18,359 Operating income $ 3,108 $ 4,331 $ 7,296 Consolidated Net sales $ 135,987 $ 177,866 $ 232,887 Operating expenses 131,801 173,760 220,466 Operating income 4,186 4,106 12,421 Total non-operating income (expense) (294 ) (300 ) (1,160 ) Provision for income taxes (1,425 ) (769 ) (1,197 ) Equity-method investment activity, net of tax (96 ) (4 ) 9 Net income $ 2,371 $ 3,033 $ 10,073 Net sales by groups of similar products and services, which also have similar economic characteristics, is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Net Sales: Online stores (1) $ 91,431 $ 108,354 $ 122,987 Physical stores (2) — 5,798 17,224 Third-party seller services (3) 22,993 31,881 42,745 Subscription services (4) 6,394 9,721 14,168 AWS 12,219 17,459 25,655 Other (5) 2,950 4,653 10,108 Consolidated $ 135,987 $ 177,866 $ 232,887 ___________________ (1) Includes product sales and digital media content where we record revenue gross. We leverage our retail infrastructure to offer a wide selection of consumable and durable goods that includes media products available in both a physical and digital format, such as books, music, videos, games, and software. These product sales include digital products sold on a transactional basis. Digital product subscriptions that provide unlimited viewing or usage rights are included in Subscription services. (2) Includes product sales where our customers physically select items in a store. (3) Includes commissions and any related fulfillment and shipping fees, and other third-party seller services. (4) Includes annual and monthly fees associated with Amazon Prime memberships, as well as audiobook, digital video, e-book, digital music, and other non-AWS subscription services. (5) Primarily includes sales of advertising services, as well as sales related to our other service offerings. Net sales generated from our internationally-focused online stores are denominated in local functional currencies. Revenues are translated at average rates prevailing throughout the period. Net sales attributed to countries that represent a significant portion of consolidated net sales are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 United States $ 90,349 $ 120,486 $ 160,146 Germany 14,148 16,951 19,881 United Kingdom 9,547 11,372 14,524 Japan 10,797 11,907 13,829 Rest of world 11,146 17,150 24,507 Consolidated $ 135,987 $ 177,866 $ 232,887 Total segment assets exclude corporate assets, such as cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, other long-term investments, corporate facilities, goodwill and other acquired intangible assets, and tax assets. Technology infrastructure assets are allocated among the segments based on usage, with the majority allocated to the AWS segment. Total segment assets reconciled to consolidated amounts are as follows (in millions): December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America (1) $ 22,225 $ 35,844 $ 47,251 International (1) 10,429 18,014 19,923 AWS (2) 12,698 18,660 26,340 Corporate 38,050 58,792 69,134 Consolidated $ 83,402 $ 131,310 $ 162,648 ___________________ (1) North America and International segment assets primarily consist of property and equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. (2) AWS segment assets primarily consist of property and equipment and accounts receivable. Property and equipment, net by segment is as follows (in millions): December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America $ 10,143 $ 20,401 $ 27,052 International 3,448 7,425 8,552 AWS 10,300 14,885 18,851 Corporate 5,223 6,155 7,342 Consolidated $ 29,114 $ 48,866 $ 61,797 Total net additions to property and equipment by segment are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America (1) $ 5,132 $ 13,200 $ 10,749 International (1) 1,680 5,196 2,476 AWS (2) 5,193 9,190 9,783 Corporate 1,580 2,197 2,060 Consolidated $ 13,585 $ 29,783 $ 25,068 ___________________ (1) Includes property and equipment added under capital leases of $1.5 billion , $2.9 billion , and $2.0 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , and under other financing arrangements of $849 million , $2.9 billion , and $3.0 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . (2) Includes property and equipment added under capital leases of $4.0 billion , $7.3 billion , and $8.4 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , and under finance leases of $75 million , $134 million , and $245 million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . U.S. property and equipment, net was $22.0 billion , $35.5 billion , and $45.1 billion , in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , and rest of world property and equipment, net was $7.1 billion , $13.4 billion , and $16.7 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Except for the U.S., property and equipment, net, in any single country was less than 10% of consolidated property and equipment, net. Depreciation expense, including other corporate property and equipment depreciation expense, are allocated to all segments based on usage. Total depreciation expense, by segment, is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America $ 1,971 $ 3,029 $ 4,415 International 930 1,278 1,628 AWS 3,461 4,524 6,095 Consolidated $ 6,362 $ 8,831 $ 12,138 |
Quarterly Results (Unaudited)
Quarterly Results (Unaudited) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Quarterly Results (Unaudited) | QUARTERLY RESULTS (UNAUDITED) The following tables contain selected unaudited statement of operations information for each quarter of 2017 and 2018 . The following information reflects all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the information for the periods presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. Our business is affected by seasonality, which historically has resulted in higher sales volume during our fourth quarter. Unaudited quarterly results are as follows (in millions, except per share data): Year Ended December 31, 2017 (1) First Second Third Fourth Net sales $ 35,714 $ 37,955 $ 43,744 $ 60,453 Operating income 1,005 628 347 2,127 Income before income taxes 953 666 316 1,872 Provision for income taxes (229 ) (467 ) (58 ) (16 ) Net income 724 197 256 1,856 Basic earnings per share 1.52 0.41 0.53 3.85 Diluted earnings per share 1.48 0.40 0.52 3.75 Shares used in computation of earnings per share: Basic 477 479 481 483 Diluted 490 492 494 496 Year Ended December 31, 2018 (1) First Second Third Fourth Net sales $ 51,042 $ 52,886 $ 56,576 $ 72,383 Operating income 1,927 2,983 3,724 3,786 Income before income taxes 1,916 2,605 3,390 3,350 Provision for income taxes (287 ) (74 ) (508 ) (327 ) Net income 1,629 2,534 2,883 3,027 Basic earnings per share 3.36 5.21 5.91 6.18 Diluted earnings per share 3.27 5.07 5.75 6.04 Shares used in computation of earnings per share: Basic 484 486 488 490 Diluted 498 500 501 501 ___________________ (1) The sum of quarterly amounts, including per share amounts, may not equal amounts reported for year-to-date periods. This is due to the effects of rounding and changes in the number of weighted-average shares outstanding for each period. (2) We acquired Whole Foods Market on August 28, 2017. The results of Whole Foods Market have been included in our results of operation from the date of acquisition. See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 4 — Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets” for additional information regarding this transaction. |
Description of Business and A_2
Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Segment Information | We have organized our operations into three segments: North America, International, and AWS. |
Prior Period Reclassifications | Prior Period Reclassifications Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation, including the addition of restricted cash to cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated statements of cash flows as a result of the adoption of new accounting guidance. |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Amazon.com, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and those entities in which we have a variable interest and of which we are the primary beneficiary, including certain entities in India and China and that support our seller lending financing activities (collectively, the “Company”). Intercompany balances and transactions between consolidated entities are eliminated. The financial results of Whole Foods Market, Inc. (“Whole Foods Market”) have been included in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition on August 28, 2017. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, income taxes, commitments and contingencies, valuation of acquired intangibles and goodwill, stock-based compensation forfeiture rates, vendor funding, and inventory valuation. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. |
Earnings per Share | Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share is calculated using our weighted-average outstanding common shares. Diluted earnings per share is calculated using our weighted-average outstanding common shares including the dilutive effect of stock awards as determined under the treasury stock method. In periods when we have a net loss, stock awards are excluded from our calculation of earnings per share as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect. |
Revenue | Revenue Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration that we expect to receive, reduced by estimates for return allowances, promotional discounts, and rebates. Revenue also excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties, including sales and indirect taxes. In arrangements where we have multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation using the relative stand-alone selling price. We generally determine stand-alone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers or using expected cost plus a margin. A description of our principal revenue generating activities is as follows: Retail sales - We offer consumer products through our online and physical stores. Revenue is recognized when control of the goods is transferred to the customer, which generally occurs upon our delivery to a third-party carrier or, in the case of an Amazon delivery, to the customer. Third-party seller services - We offer programs that enable sellers to sell their products in our stores, and fulfill orders through us. We are not the seller of record in these transactions. The commissions and any related fulfillment and shipping fees we earn from these arrangements are recognized when the services are rendered, which generally occurs upon delivery of the related products to a third-party carrier or, in the case of an Amazon delivery, to the customer. Subscription services - Our subscription sales include fees associated with Amazon Prime memberships and access to content including audiobooks, digital video, e-books, digital music, and other non-AWS subscription services. Prime memberships provide our customers with access to an evolving suite of benefits that represent a single stand-ready obligation. Subscriptions are paid for at the time of or in advance of delivering the services. Revenue from such arrangements is recognized over the subscription period. AWS - Our AWS arrangements include global sales of compute, storage, database, and other services. Revenue is allocated to services using stand-alone selling prices and is primarily recognized when the customer uses these services, based on the quantity of services rendered, such as compute or storage capacity delivered on-demand. Certain services, including compute and database, are also offered as a fixed quantity over a specified term, for which revenue is recognized ratably. Sales commissions we pay in connection with contracts that exceed one year are capitalized and amortized over the contract term. Other - Other revenue primarily includes sales of advertising services, which are recognized as ads are delivered based on the number of clicks or impressions. Return Allowances Return allowances, which reduce revenue and cost of sales, are estimated using historical experience. Liabilities for return allowances are included in “Accrued expenses and other” and were $567 million , $468 million , and $623 million as of December 31, 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Additions to the allowance were $1.5 billion , $1.8 billion , and $2.3 billion and deductions from the allowance were $1.5 billion , $1.9 billion , and $2.3 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Included in “Inventories” on our consolidated balance sheets are assets totaling $411 million , $406 million , and $519 million as of December 31, 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , for the rights to recover products from customers associated with our liabilities for return allowances. Cost of Sales Cost of sales primarily consists of the purchase price of consumer products, digital media content costs where we record revenue gross, including video and music, packaging supplies, sortation and delivery centers and related equipment costs, and inbound and outbound shipping costs, including where we are the transportation service provider. Shipping costs to receive products from our suppliers are included in our inventory, and recognized as cost of sales upon sale of products to our customers. Payment processing and related transaction costs, including those associated with seller transactions, are classified in “Fulfillment” on our consolidated statements of operations. Vendor Agreements We have agreements with our vendors to receive funds primarily for cooperative marketing efforts, promotions, incentives, and volume rebates. We generally consider these amounts received from vendors to be a reduction of the prices we pay for their goods, including property and equipment, or services, and are recorded as a reduction of the cost of inventory, cost of services, or cost of property and equipment. Volume rebates typically depend on reaching minimum purchase thresholds. We evaluate the likelihood of reaching purchase thresholds using past experience and current year forecasts. When volume rebates can be reasonably estimated, we record a portion of the rebate as we make progress towards the purchase threshold. |
Fulfillment | Fulfillment Fulfillment costs primarily consist of those costs incurred in operating and staffing our North America and International segments’ fulfillment centers, customer service centers, and physical stores, including costs attributable to buying, receiving, inspecting, and warehousing inventories; picking, packaging, and preparing customer orders for shipment; payment processing and related transaction costs, including costs associated with our guarantee for certain seller transactions; responding to inquiries from customers; and supply chain management for our manufactured electronic devices. Fulfillment costs also include amounts paid to third parties that assist us in fulfillment and customer service operations. |
Marketing | Marketing Marketing costs primarily consist of targeted online advertising, payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in marketing and selling activities, and television advertising. We pay commissions to third parties when their customer referrals result in sales. We also participate in cooperative advertising arrangements with certain of our vendors, and other third parties. Advertising and other promotional costs to market our products and services are expensed as incurred |
Technology and Content | Technology and Content Technology and content costs include payroll and related expenses for employees involved in the research and development of new and existing products and services, development, design, and maintenance of our stores, curation and display of products and services made available in our online stores, and infrastructure costs. Infrastructure costs include servers, networking equipment, and data center related depreciation, rent, utilities, and other expenses necessary to support AWS and other Amazon businesses. Collectively, these costs reflect the investments we make in order to offer a wide variety of products and services to our customers. Technology and content costs are generally expensed as incurred. |
General and Administrative | General and Administrative General and administrative expenses primarily consist of payroll and related expenses; facilities and equipment expenses, such as depreciation expense and rent; professional fees and litigation costs; and other general corporate costs for corporate functions, including accounting, finance, tax, legal, and human resources, among others. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation Compensation cost for all stock awards expected to vest is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized over the service period. The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the number of shares granted and the quoted price of our common stock. Such value is recognized as expense over the service period, net of estimated forfeitures, using the accelerated method. The estimated number of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period estimates are revised. We consider many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including historical forfeiture experience and employee level. |
Other Operating Expense, Net | Other Operating Expense, Net Other operating expense, net, consists primarily of marketing-related, contract-based, and customer-related intangible asset amortization expense, and expenses related to legal settlements. |
Other Income (Expense), Net | Other Income (Expense), Net Other income (expense), net, consists primarily of foreign currency gains (losses) of $21 million , $247 million , and $(206) million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 and equity warrant valuation gains (losses) of $67 million , $109 million , and $(131) million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Income tax expense includes U.S. (federal and state) and foreign income taxes. Certain foreign subsidiary earnings are subject to U.S. taxation under the U.S. Tax Act, which also repeals U.S. taxation on the subsequent repatriation of those earnings. We intend to invest substantially all of our foreign subsidiary earnings, as well as our capital in our foreign subsidiaries, indefinitely outside of the U.S. in those jurisdictions in which we would incur significant, additional costs upon repatriation of such amounts. Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when taxes are actually paid or recovered. Deferred tax assets are evaluated for future realization and reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent we believe they will not be realized. We consider many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of our deferred tax assets, including our recent cumulative loss experience and expectations of future earnings, capital gains and investment in such jurisdiction, the carry-forward periods available to us for tax reporting purposes, and other relevant factors. We utilize a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain income tax positions (tax contingencies). The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates it is more likely than not the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We consider many factors when evaluating our tax positions and estimating our tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately forecast actual outcomes. We include interest and penalties related to our tax contingencies in income tax expense. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation methodologies used to measure fair value: Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment. For our cash, cash equivalents, or marketable securities, we measure the fair value of money market funds and equity securities based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. All other financial instruments were valued either based on recent trades of securities in inactive markets or based on quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. We did not hold any cash, cash equivalents, or marketable securities categorized as Level 3 assets as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . As part of entering into commercial agreements, we often obtain equity warrant assets giving us the right to acquire stock of other companies. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , these warrants had a fair value of $441 million and $440 million , and are recorded within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. The related gain (loss) recorded in “Other income (expense), net” was $67 million , $109 million , and $(131) million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . These assets are primarily classified as Level 2 assets. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents We classify all highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. |
Inventories | Inventories Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are primarily accounted for using the first-in, first-out method, and are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. This valuation requires us to make judgments, based on currently available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales to individual customers, returns to product vendors, or liquidations, and expected recoverable values of each disposition category. We provide Fulfillment by Amazon services in connection with certain of our sellers’ programs. Third-party sellers maintain ownership of their inventory, regardless of whether fulfillment is provided by us or the third-party sellers, and therefore these products are not included in our inventories. We also purchase electronic device components from a variety of suppliers and use several contract manufacturers to provide manufacturing services for our products. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help ensure adequate supply, we enter into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers for certain electronic device components. A portion of our reported purchase commitments arising from these agreements consists of firm, non-cancellable commitments. These commitments are based on forecasted customer demand. If we reduce these commitments, we may incur additional costs. We also have firm, non-cancellable commitments for certain products offered in our Whole Foods Market stores. |
Accounts Receivable, Net and Other | Accounts Receivable, Net and Other Included in “Accounts receivable, net and other” on our consolidated balance sheets are amounts primarily related to customers, vendors, and sellers. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , customer receivables, net, were $6.4 billion and $9.4 billion , vendor receivables, net, were $2.6 billion and $3.2 billion , and seller receivables, net, were $692 million and $710 million . Seller receivables are amounts due from sellers related to our seller lending program, which provides funding to sellers primarily to procure inventory. We estimate losses on receivables based on known troubled accounts and historical experience of losses incurred. Receivables are considered impaired and written-off when it is probable that all contractual payments due will not be collected in accordance with the terms of the agreement. |
Software Development Costs | Software Development Costs We incur software development costs related to products to be sold, leased, or marketed to external users, internal-use software, and our websites. Software development costs capitalized were not significant for the years presented. All other costs, including those related to design or maintenance, are expensed as incurred. |
Property and Equipment, Net | Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Incentives that we receive from property and equipment vendors are recorded as a reduction in our costs. Property includes buildings and land that we own, along with property we have acquired under build-to-suit, finance, and capital lease arrangements. Equipment includes assets such as servers and networking equipment, heavy equipment, and other fulfillment equipment. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally the lesser of 40 years or the remaining life of the underlying building, three years for our servers, five years for networking equipment, ten years for heavy equipment, and three to seven years for other fulfillment equipment). Depreciation expense is classified within the corresponding operating expense categories on our consolidated statements of operations. |
Leases | Leases and Asset Retirement Obligations We categorize leases at their inception as either operating or capital leases. On certain of our lease agreements, we may receive rent holidays and other incentives provided by the landlord. We recognize lease costs on a straight-line basis without regard to deferred payment terms, such as rent holidays, that defer the commencement date of required payments. Additionally, incentives we receive are treated as a reduction of our costs over the term of the agreement. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the lesser of their expected useful life or the non-cancellable term of the lease. We establish assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under build-to-suit lease arrangements to the extent we are involved in the construction of structural improvements or take construction risk prior to commencement of a lease. Upon occupancy of facilities under build-to-suit leases, we assess whether these arrangements qualify for sales recognition under the sale-leaseback accounting guidance. If we continue to be the deemed owner, the facilities are accounted for as finance leases. We establish assets and liabilities for the present value of estimated future costs to retire long-lived assets at the termination or expiration of a lease. Such assets are depreciated over the lease period into operating expense, and the recorded liabilities are accreted to the future value of the estimated retirement costs. As disclosed in “Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted,” our accounting for build-to-suit and finance leases will change on January 1, 2019. |
Asset Retirement Obligations | Leases and Asset Retirement Obligations We categorize leases at their inception as either operating or capital leases. On certain of our lease agreements, we may receive rent holidays and other incentives provided by the landlord. We recognize lease costs on a straight-line basis without regard to deferred payment terms, such as rent holidays, that defer the commencement date of required payments. Additionally, incentives we receive are treated as a reduction of our costs over the term of the agreement. Leasehold improvements are capitalized at cost and amortized over the lesser of their expected useful life or the non-cancellable term of the lease. We establish assets and liabilities for the estimated construction costs incurred under build-to-suit lease arrangements to the extent we are involved in the construction of structural improvements or take construction risk prior to commencement of a lease. Upon occupancy of facilities under build-to-suit leases, we assess whether these arrangements qualify for sales recognition under the sale-leaseback accounting guidance. If we continue to be the deemed owner, the facilities are accounted for as finance leases. We establish assets and liabilities for the present value of estimated future costs to retire long-lived assets at the termination or expiration of a lease. Such assets are depreciated over the lease period into operating expense, and the recorded liabilities are accreted to the future value of the estimated retirement costs. As disclosed in “Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted,” our accounting for build-to-suit and finance leases will change on January 1, 2019. |
Goodwill | Goodwill We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. In testing goodwill for impairment, we may elect to utilize a qualitative assessment to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If our qualitative assessment indicates that goodwill impairment is more likely than not, we perform a two-step impairment test. We test goodwill for impairment under the two-step impairment test by first comparing the book value of net assets to the fair value of the reporting units. If the fair value is determined to be less than the book value or qualitative factors indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired, a second step is performed to compute the amount of impairment as the difference between the estimated fair value of goodwill and the carrying value. We estimate the fair value of the reporting units using discounted cash flows. Forecasts of future cash flows are based on our best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, based primarily on expected category expansion, pricing, market segment share, and general economic conditions. We completed the required annual testing of goodwill for impairment for all reporting units as of April 1, 2018 , and determined that goodwill is no t impaired as the fair value of our reporting units substantially exceeded their book value. There were no events that caused us to update our annual impairment test. |
Other Assets | Other Assets Included in “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets are amounts primarily related to acquired intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization; video and music content, net of accumulated amortization; long-term deferred tax assets; certain equity investments; marketable securities restricted for longer than one year, the majority of which are attributable to collateralization of bank guarantees and debt related to our international operations; and equity warrant assets. |
Video and Music Content | Video and Music Content We obtain video and music content for customers through licensing agreements that have a wide range of licensing provisions, which include both fixed and variable payment schedules. When the license fee for a specific movie, television, or music title is determinable or reasonably estimable and the content is available for streaming, we recognize an asset representing the fee and a corresponding liability for the amounts owed. We relieve the liability as payments are made and we amortize the asset to “Cost of sales” on a straight-line basis or on an accelerated basis, based on estimated usage patterns, which typically ranges from one to five years. If we are unable to reasonably estimate the cost per title, no asset or liability is recorded and licensing costs are expensed as incurred. We also develop original content. Capitalized production costs associated with our original content are limited by the amount of revenue we expect to earn, which results in a portion being expensed as incurred. These capitalized costs are amortized to “Cost of sales” on an accelerated basis that follows the viewing pattern of customer streams in the first months after availability. |
Investments | Investments We generally invest our excess cash in AAA-rated money market funds and investment grade short- to intermediate-term fixed income securities. Such investments are included in “Cash and cash equivalents” or “Marketable securities” on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Marketable debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss.” Equity investments are accounted for using the equity method of accounting if the investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. Equity-method investments are included within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. Our share of the earnings or losses as reported by equity-method investees, amortization of basis differences, and related gains or losses, if any, are classified as “Equity - method investment activity, net of tax” on our consolidated statements of operations. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values and for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for at cost with adjustments for observable changes in prices or impairments and are classified as “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. Equity investments that have readily determinable fair values are included in “Marketable securities” on our consolidated balance sheets and measured at fair value with changes recognized in “Other income (expense), net” on our consolidated statement of operations. We periodically evaluate whether declines in fair values of our investments indicate impairment. For debt securities and equity method investments, we also evaluate whether declines in fair value of our investments below their book value are other-than-temporary. This evaluation consists of several qualitative and quantitative factors regarding the severity and duration of the unrealized loss as well as our ability and intent to hold the investment until a forecasted recovery occurs. Additionally, we assess whether we have plans to sell the security or it is more likely than not we will be required to sell any investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Factors considered include: quoted market prices; recent financial results and operating trends; implied values from any recent transactions or offers of investee securities; credit quality of debt instrument issuers; other publicly available information that may affect the value of our investments; duration and severity of the decline in value; and our strategy and intentions for holding the investment. |
Long-Lived Assets | Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, other than goodwill, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. For long-lived assets used in operations, impairment losses are only recorded if the asset’s carrying amount is not recoverable through its undiscounted, probability-weighted future cash flows. We measure the impairment loss based on the difference between the carrying amount and estimated fair value. Long-lived assets are considered held for sale when certain criteria are met, including when management has committed to a plan to sell the asset, the asset is available for sale in its immediate condition, and the sale is probable within one year of the reporting date. Assets held for sale are reported at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell. |
Accrued Expenses and Other | Accrued Expenses and Other Included in “Accrued expenses and other” on our consolidated balance sheets are liabilities primarily related to leases and asset retirement obligations, payroll and related expenses, unredeemed gift cards, customer liabilities, current debt, acquired digital media content, and other operating expenses. As of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , our liabilities for payroll related expenses were $2.9 billion and $3.4 billion and our liabilities for unredeemed gift cards were $3.0 billion and $2.8 billion . We reduce the liability for a gift card when redeemed by a customer. The portion of gift cards that we do not expect to be redeemed is recognized based on customer usage patterns. |
Unearned Revenue | Unearned Revenue Unearned revenue is recorded when payments are received or due in advance of performing our service obligations and is recognized over the service period. Unearned revenue primarily relates to prepayments of AWS services and Amazon Prime memberships. Our total unearned revenue as of December 31, 2017 was $6.1 billion , of which $5.3 billion was recognized as revenue during the year ended December 31, 2018 , including adjustments related to the new revenue recognition guidance. Included in “Other long-term liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets was $1.0 billion and $1.4 billion of unearned revenue as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . Additionally, we have performance obligations, primarily related to AWS, associated with commitments in customer contracts for future services that have not yet been recognized in our financial statements. For contracts with original terms that exceed one year, those commitments not yet recognized were $19.3 billion as of December 31, 2018 . The weighted average remaining life of our long-term contracts is 3.3 years. However, the amount and timing of revenue recognition is largely driven by customer usage, which can extend beyond the original contractual term. |
Foreign Currency | Foreign Currency We have internationally-focused stores for which the net sales generated, as well as most of the related expenses directly incurred from those operations, are denominated in local functional currencies. The functional currency of our subsidiaries that either operate or support these stores is generally the same as the local currency. Assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. Dollars at period-end foreign exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing throughout the period. Translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss,” a separate component of stockholders’ equity, and in the “Foreign currency effect on cash and cash equivalents,” on our consolidated statements of cash flows. Transaction gains and losses including intercompany transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity involved are included in “Other income (expense), net” on our consolidated statements of operations. |
Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted and Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted | Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) amending revenue recognition guidance and requiring more detailed disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We adopted this ASU on January 1, 2018 for all revenue contracts with our customers using the modified retrospective approach and increased retained earnings by approximately $650 million . The adjustment primarily relates to the unredeemed portion of our gift cards, which are now recognized over the expected customer usage period rather than waiting until gift cards expire or when the likelihood of redemption becomes remote. We changed the recognition and classification of Amazon Prime memberships, which are now accounted for as a single performance obligation and recognized ratably over the membership period as service sales. Previously, Prime memberships were considered to be arrangements with multiple deliverables and were allocated among product sales and service sales. Other changes relate primarily to the presentation of revenue. Certain advertising services are now classified as revenue rather than a reduction in cost of sales, and sales of apps, in-app content, and certain digital media content are presented on a net basis. Prior year amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting policy. The impact of applying this ASU for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily resulted in a decrease in product sales and an increase in service sales driven by the reclassification of Prime membership fees of approximately $3.8 billion . Service sales also increased by approximately $3.0 billion for the year ended December 31, 2018 due to the reclassification of certain advertising services. In January 2016, the FASB issued an ASU that updates certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Under this ASU, certain equity investments are measured at fair value with changes recognized in net income. We adopted this ASU in Q1 2018 with no material impact to our consolidated financial statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued an ASU amending the accounting for income taxes. The new guidance requires the recognition of the income tax consequences of an intercompany asset transfer, other than transfers of inventory, when the transfer occurs. For intercompany transfers of inventory, the income tax effects will continue to be deferred until the inventory has been sold to a third party. We adopted this ASU in Q1 2018 with an increase of approximately $250 million to retained earnings and deferred tax assets net of valuation allowances. In November 2016, the FASB issued an ASU amending the presentation of restricted cash within the consolidated statements of cash flows. The new guidance requires that restricted cash be added to cash and cash equivalents on the consolidated statements of cash flows. We adopted this ASU in Q1 2018 on a retrospective basis with the following impacts to our consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 Previously Reported Adjustments As Revised Operating activities $ 17,272 $ (69 ) $ 17,203 Investing activities (9,876 ) 360 (9,516 ) Financing activities (3,740 ) 24 (3,716 ) Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 3,656 $ 315 $ 3,971 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Previously Reported Adjustments As Revised Operating activities $ 18,434 $ (69 ) $ 18,365 Investing activities (27,819 ) 735 (27,084 ) Financing activities 9,860 68 9,928 Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 475 $ 734 $ 1,209 Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued an ASU amending the accounting for leases. The new guidance requires the recognition of lease assets and liabilities for operating leases with terms of more than 12 months, in addition to those currently recorded, on our consolidated balance sheets. Presentation of leases within the consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flows will be generally consistent with the current lease accounting guidance. The ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019 with an immaterial cumulative adjustment to retained earnings rather than retrospectively adjusting prior periods. This adoption approach will result in a balance sheet presentation that will not be comparable to the prior period in the first year of adoption. The adoption of this ASU will result in the recognition of operating lease assets and liabilities of approximately $21 billion , which includes the reclassification of finance leases to operating leases of approximately $1.2 billion , and the derecognition of build-to-suit lease assets and liabilities when we do not control the building during the construction period of approximately $1.5 billion . |
Description of Business and A_3
Description of Business and Accounting Policies (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Schedule of Calculation of Diluted Shares | The following table shows the calculation of diluted shares (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Shares used in computation of basic earnings per share 474 480 487 Total dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards 10 13 13 Shares used in computation of diluted earnings per share 484 493 500 |
Schedule of New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles | We adopted this ASU in Q1 2018 on a retrospective basis with the following impacts to our consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 Previously Reported Adjustments As Revised Operating activities $ 17,272 $ (69 ) $ 17,203 Investing activities (9,876 ) 360 (9,516 ) Financing activities (3,740 ) 24 (3,716 ) Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 3,656 $ 315 $ 3,971 Year Ended December 31, 2017 Previously Reported Adjustments As Revised Operating activities $ 18,434 $ (69 ) $ 18,365 Investing activities (27,819 ) 735 (27,084 ) Financing activities 9,860 68 9,928 Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash $ 475 $ 734 $ 1,209 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and M_2
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | |
Summary of Fair Value by Major Security Type | The following table summarizes, by major security type, our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy (in millions): December 31, 2017 Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Total Estimated Fair Value Cash $ 9,982 $ — $ — $ 9,982 Level 1 securities: Money market funds 11,343 — — 11,343 Equity securities 23 30 — 53 Level 2 securities: Foreign government and agency securities 620 — — 620 U.S. government and agency securities 4,841 1 (19 ) 4,823 Corporate debt securities 4,265 1 (9 ) 4,257 Asset-backed securities 910 — (5 ) 905 Other fixed income securities 340 — (2 ) 338 $ 32,324 $ 32 $ (35 ) $ 32,321 Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (1) (1,335 ) Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 30,986 December 31, 2018 Cost or Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Total Estimated Fair Value Cash $ 10,406 $ — $ — $ 10,406 Level 1 securities: Money market funds 12,515 — — 12,515 Equity securities 29 143 (2 ) 170 Level 2 securities: Foreign government and agency securities 815 — — 815 U.S. government and agency securities 11,686 1 (20 ) 11,667 Corporate debt securities 5,008 1 (19 ) 4,990 Asset-backed securities 896 — (4 ) 892 Other fixed income securities 190 — (2 ) 188 Equity securities 28 5 — 33 $ 41,573 $ 150 $ (47 ) $ 41,676 Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (1) (426 ) Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities $ 41,250 ___________________ (1) We are required to pledge or otherwise restrict a portion of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities as collateral for real estate leases, amounts due to third-party sellers in certain jurisdictions, debt, and standby and trade letters of credit. We classify cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities with use restrictions of less than twelve months as “Accounts receivable, net and other” and of twelve months or longer as non-current “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets. See “Note 7 — Commitments and Contingencies.” |
Summary of Gross Realized Gains (Losses) on Investments | The following table summarizes gross gains and gross losses realized on sales of available-for-sale fixed income marketable securities (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Realized gains $ 3 $ 5 $ 2 Realized losses 11 11 9 |
Summary of Contractual Maturities of Investments | The following table summarizes the remaining contractual maturities of our cash equivalents and marketable fixed income securities as of December 31, 2018 (in millions): Amortized Cost Estimated Fair Value Due within one year $ 27,520 $ 27,508 Due after one year through five years 2,865 2,845 Due after five years through ten years 187 185 Due after ten years 538 529 Total $ 31,110 $ 31,067 Actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because borrowers may have certain prepayment conditions. |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and M_3
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities Reconciliation to Cash Flow (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract] | |
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash [Table Text Block] | The following table provides a reconciliation of the amount of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in millions): December 31, 2017 December 31, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 20,522 $ 31,750 Restricted cash included in accounts receivable, net and other 1,329 418 Restricted cash included in other assets 5 5 Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows $ 21,856 $ 32,173 |
Property and Equipment (Tables)
Property and Equipment (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |
Property and Equipment, at Cost | Property and equipment, at cost, consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 Gross property and equipment (1): Land and buildings $ 23,896 $ 31,741 Equipment 42,244 54,591 Other assets 2,438 2,577 Construction in progress 4,078 6,861 Gross property and equipment 72,656 95,770 Total accumulated depreciation and amortization (1) 23,790 33,973 Total property and equipment, net $ 48,866 $ 61,797 ___________________ (1) We revised our prior year presentation of gross property and equipment and total accumulated depreciation and amortization to include all property and equipment in service, including equipment which is fully-depreciated, to conform to the current year presentation. Total property and equipment, net remains unchanged for the prior year. |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and A_2
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Business Combinations [Abstract] | |
Allocation of Aggregate Purchase Price of Acquisitions | The aggregate purchase price of these acquisitions was allocated as follows (in millions): December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Purchase Price Cash paid, net of cash acquired $ 81 $ 13,859 $ 1,618 Indemnification holdback 22 104 31 $ 103 $ 13,963 $ 1,649 Allocation Goodwill $ 60 $ 9,501 $ 1,228 Intangible assets (1): Marketing-related 2 1,987 186 Contract-based 1 440 13 Technology-based 53 166 285 Customer-related 1 54 193 57 2,647 677 Property and equipment 3 3,810 11 Deferred tax assets 17 117 174 Other assets acquired 10 1,858 282 Long-term debt (5 ) (1,165 ) (176 ) Deferred tax liabilities (18 ) (961 ) (159 ) Other liabilities assumed (21 ) (1,844 ) (388 ) $ 103 $ 13,963 $ 1,649 ___________________ (1) Intangible assets acquired in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 have estimated useful lives of between one and seven years, one and twenty-five years, and two and seven years, with weighted-average amortization periods of five years, twenty-one years, and six years. |
Summary of Goodwill Activity | The following summarizes our goodwill activity in 2017 and 2018 by segment (in millions): North America International AWS Consolidated Goodwill - January 1, 2017 $ 2,044 $ 694 $ 1,046 $ 3,784 New acquisitions (1) 9,115 368 18 9,501 Other adjustments (2) 6 46 13 65 Goodwill - December 31, 2017 11,165 1,108 1,077 13,350 New acquisitions (1) 1,031 177 20 1,228 Other adjustments (2) (5 ) (15 ) (10 ) (30 ) Goodwill - December 31, 2018 $ 12,191 $ 1,270 $ 1,087 $ 14,548 ___________________ (1) Primarily includes the acquisition of Whole Foods Market in the North America segment and Souq in the International segment in 2017 and the acquisitions of Ring and PillPack in the North America segment in 2018. (2) Primarily includes changes in foreign exchange rates. |
Schedule of Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets by Major Class | Acquired intangible assets, included within “Other assets” on our consolidated balance sheets, consist of the following (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 Acquired Intangibles, Gross (1) Accumulated Amortization (1) Acquired Intangibles, Net Acquired Intangibles, Gross (1) Accumulated Amortization (1) Acquired Intangibles, Net Weighted Average Life Remaining Marketing-related $ 2,486 $ (418 ) $ 2,068 $ 2,542 $ (431 ) $ 2,111 21.2 Contract-based 1,013 (213 ) 800 1,430 (224 ) 1,206 12.3 Technology- and content-based 640 (252 ) 388 941 (377 ) 564 4.6 Customer-related 283 (168 ) 115 437 (208 ) 229 4.4 Acquired intangibles (2) $ 4,422 $ (1,051 ) $ 3,371 $ 5,350 $ (1,240 ) $ 4,110 15.4 ___________________ (1) Excludes the original cost and accumulated amortization of fully-amortized intangibles. (2) Intangible assets have estimated useful lives of between one and twenty-five years. |
Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Future Amortization Expense | Expected future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 511 2020 412 2021 355 2022 323 2023 270 Thereafter 2,217 $ 4,088 |
Long-Term Debt (Tables)
Long-Term Debt (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Long-Term Debt Obligations | The face value of our total long-term debt obligations is as follows (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 2.600% Notes due on December 5, 2019 (2) 1,000 1,000 1.900% Notes due on August 21, 2020 (3) 1,000 1,000 3.300% Notes due on December 5, 2021 (2) 1,000 1,000 2.500% Notes due on November 29, 2022 (1) 1,250 1,250 2.400% Notes due on February 22, 2023 (3) 1,000 1,000 2.800% Notes due on August 22, 2024 (3) 2,000 2,000 3.800% Notes due on December 5, 2024 (2) 1,250 1,250 5.200% Notes due on December 3, 2025 (4) 1,000 1,000 3.150% Notes due on August 22, 2027 (3) 3,500 3,500 4.800% Notes due on December 5, 2034 (2) 1,250 1,250 3.875% Notes due on August 22, 2037 (3) 2,750 2,750 4.950% Notes due on December 5, 2044 (2) 1,500 1,500 4.050% Notes due on August 22, 2047 (3) 3,500 3,500 4.250% Notes due on August 22, 2057 (3) 2,250 2,250 Credit Facility 592 594 Other long-term debt 100 121 Total debt 24,942 24,965 Less current portion of long-term debt (100 ) (1,371 ) Face value of long-term debt $ 24,842 $ 23,594 _____________________________ (1) Issued in November 2012, effective interest rate of the 2022 Notes was 2.66% . (2) Issued in December 2014, effective interest rates of the 2019, 2021, 2024, 2034, and 2044 Notes were 2.73% , 3.43% , 3.90% , 4.92% , and 5.11% . (3) Issued in August 2017, effective interest rates of the 2020, 2023, 2024, 2027, 2037, 2047, and 2057 Notes were 2.16% , 2.56% , 2.95% , 3.25% , 3.94% , 4.13% , and 4.33% . (4) Consists of $872 million of 2025 Notes issued in December 2017 in exchange for notes assumed in connection with the acquisition of Whole Foods Market and $128 million of 2025 Notes issued by Whole Foods Market that did not participate in our December 2017 exchange offer. The effective interest rate of the 2025 Notes was 3.02% . |
Future Principal Payments for Debt | As of December 31, 2018 , future principal payments for our total debt were as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2019 $ 1,371 2020 1,298 2021 1,016 2022 1,266 2023 1,014 Thereafter 19,000 $ 24,965 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities (Ta
Other Long-Term Liabilities (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Summary of Other Long-term Liabilities | Our other long-term liabilities are summarized as follows (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 Long-term capital lease obligations $ 8,438 $ 9,650 Long-term finance lease obligations 4,745 6,642 Construction liabilities 1,350 2,516 Tax contingencies 1,004 896 Long-term deferred tax liabilities 990 1,490 Other 4,448 6,019 Total other long-term liabilities $ 20,975 $ 27,213 |
Schedule of Long-term Capital Lease Obligations | Long-term capital lease obligations are as follows (in millions): December 31, 2018 Gross capital lease obligations $ 17,952 Less imputed interest (582 ) Present value of net minimum lease payments 17,370 Less current portion of capital lease obligations (7,720 ) Total long-term capital lease obligations $ 9,650 |
Schedule of Long-term Finance Lease Obligations | Long-term finance lease obligations are as follows (in millions): December 31, 2018 Gross finance lease obligations $ 8,376 Less imputed interest (1,323 ) Present value of net minimum lease payments 7,053 Less current portion of finance lease obligations (411 ) Total long-term finance lease obligations $ 6,642 |
Commitments and Contingencies (
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Principal Contractual Commitments, Excluding Open Orders for Purchases | The following summarizes our principal contractual commitments, excluding open orders for purchases that support normal operations and are generally cancellable, as of December 31, 2018 (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Debt principal and interest $ 2,277 $ 2,161 $ 1,861 $ 2,078 $ 1,781 $ 30,013 $ 40,171 Capital lease obligations, including interest (1) 7,807 5,742 2,725 704 473 501 17,952 Finance lease obligations, including interest (2) 628 640 652 664 675 5,117 8,376 Operating leases 3,127 3,070 2,775 2,473 2,195 13,026 26,666 Unconditional purchase obligations (3) 3,523 4,103 3,291 3,098 2,974 5,204 22,193 Other commitments (4) (5) 2,618 1,455 1,056 843 808 8,875 15,655 Total commitments $ 19,980 $ 17,171 $ 12,360 $ 9,860 $ 8,906 $ 62,736 $ 131,013 ___________________ (1) Excluding interest, current capital lease obligations of $5.8 billion and $7.7 billion are recorded within “Accrued expenses and other” as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , and $8.4 billion and $9.6 billion are recorded within “Other long-term liabilities” as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . (2) Excluding interest, current finance lease obligations of $282 million and $411 million are recorded within “Accrued expenses and other” as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 , and $4.7 billion and $6.6 billion are recorded within “Other long-term liabilities” as of December 31, 2017 and 2018 . (3) Includes unconditional purchase obligations related to certain products offered in our Whole Foods Market stores and long-term agreements to acquire and license digital media content that are not reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. For those digital media content agreements with variable terms, we do not estimate the total obligation beyond any minimum quantities and/or pricing as of the reporting date. Purchase obligations associated with renewal provisions solely at the option of the content provider are included to the extent such commitments are fixed or a minimum amount is specified. (4) Includes the estimated timing and amounts of payments for rent and tenant improvements associated with build-to-suit lease arrangements and equipment lease arrangements that have not been placed in service and digital media content liabilities associated with long-term digital media content assets with initial terms greater than one year. (5) Excludes approximately $3.4 billion of accrued tax contingencies for which we cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of the amount and period of payment, if any. |
Stockholders' Equity (Tables)
Stockholders' Equity (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | |
Stock-Based Compensation Expense | Stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Cost of sales $ 16 $ 47 $ 73 Fulfillment 657 911 1,121 Marketing 323 511 769 Technology and content 1,664 2,305 2,888 General and administrative 315 441 567 Total stock-based compensation expense (1) $ 2,975 $ 4,215 $ 5,418 ___________________ (1) The related tax benefits were $907 million , $860 million , and $1.1 billion for 2016, 2017, and 2018. In 2017 and 2018, the tax benefit reflects the permanent reduction in the U.S. statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% . |
Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity | The following table summarizes our restricted stock unit activity (in millions): Number of Units Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value Outstanding as of January 1, 2016 18.9 $ 362 Units granted 9.3 660 Units vested (6.1 ) 321 Units forfeited (2.3 ) 440 Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 19.8 506 Units granted 8.9 946 Units vested (6.8 ) 400 Units forfeited (1.8 ) 649 Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 20.1 725 Units granted 5.0 1,522 Units vested (7.1 ) 578 Units forfeited (2.1 ) 862 Outstanding as of December 31, 2018 15.9 $ 1,024 |
Scheduled Vesting of Outstanding Restricted Stock Units | Scheduled vesting for outstanding restricted stock units as of December 31, 2018 , is as follows (in millions): Year Ended 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Thereafter Total Scheduled vesting — restricted stock units 6.9 5.6 2.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 15.9 |
Income Taxes (Tables)
Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Components of Provision for Income Taxes, Net | The components of the provision for income taxes, net are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Current taxes: U.S. Federal $ 1,136 $ (137 ) $ (129 ) U.S. State 208 211 322 International 327 724 563 Current taxes 1,671 798 756 Deferred taxes: U.S. Federal 116 (202 ) 565 U.S. State (31 ) (26 ) 5 International (331 ) 199 (129 ) Deferred taxes (246 ) (29 ) 441 Provision for income taxes, net $ 1,425 $ 769 $ 1,197 |
Components of Income Before Income Taxes, Domestic and Foreign | U.S. and international components of income before income taxes are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 U.S. $ 4,551 $ 5,630 $ 11,157 International (659 ) (1,824 ) 104 Income before income taxes $ 3,892 $ 3,806 $ 11,261 |
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | The items accounting for differences between income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate and the provision recorded for income taxes are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate (1) $ 1,362 $ 1,332 $ 2,365 Effect of: Tax impact of foreign earnings (69 ) 1,178 119 State taxes, net of federal benefits 110 114 263 Tax credits (119 ) (220 ) (419 ) Stock-based compensation (2) 189 (917 ) (1,086 ) Domestic production activities deduction (94 ) — — 2017 Impact of U.S. Tax Act — (789 ) (157 ) Other, net 46 71 112 Total $ 1,425 $ 769 $ 1,197 ___________________ (1) The U.S. Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal statutory rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018. (2) Includes non-deductible stock-based compensation and beginning in 2017, excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. For 2017 and 2018, our tax provision includes $1.3 billion and $1.6 billion of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. |
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in millions): December 31, 2017 2018 Deferred tax assets (1): Loss carryforwards U.S. - Federal/States $ 211 $ 222 Loss carryforwards - Foreign 2,149 2,551 Accrued liabilities, reserves, and other expenses 901 1,064 Stock-based compensation 1,026 1,293 Deferred revenue 349 321 Assets held for investment 35 69 Depreciation and amortization 279 2,386 Other items 167 94 Tax credits 381 734 Total gross deferred tax assets 5,498 8,734 Less valuation allowance (2) (2,538 ) (4,950 ) Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 2,960 3,784 Deferred tax liabilities: Depreciation and amortization (2,568 ) (3,579 ) Acquisition related intangible assets (531 ) (682 ) Other items (58 ) (67 ) Net deferred tax assets (liabilities), net of valuation allowance $ (197 ) $ (544 ) ___________________ (1) Deferred tax assets are presented net of tax contingencies. (2) Relates primarily to deferred tax assets that would only be realizable upon the generation of net income in certain foreign taxing jurisdictions and future capital gains. |
Reconciliation of Tax Contingencies | The reconciliation of our tax contingencies is as follows (in millions): December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Gross tax contingencies – January 1 $ 1,181 $ 1,710 $ 2,309 Gross increases to tax positions in prior periods 355 223 164 Gross decreases to tax positions in prior periods (133 ) (139 ) (90 ) Gross increases to current period tax positions 308 518 1,088 Settlements with tax authorities — — (36 ) Lapse of statute of limitations (1 ) (3 ) (21 ) Gross tax contingencies – December 31 (1) $ 1,710 $ 2,309 $ 3,414 ___________________ (1) As of December 31, 2018 , we had approximately $3.4 billion of accrued tax contingencies, of which $1.7 billion , if fully recognized, would decrease our effective tax rate. |
Segment Information (Tables)
Segment Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
Information on Reportable Segments and Reconciliation to Consolidated Net Income (Loss) | Information on reportable segments and reconciliation to consolidated net income (loss) is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America Net sales $ 79,785 $ 106,110 $ 141,366 Operating expenses 77,424 103,273 134,099 Operating income $ 2,361 $ 2,837 $ 7,267 International Net sales $ 43,983 $ 54,297 $ 65,866 Operating expenses 45,266 57,359 68,008 Operating income (loss) $ (1,283 ) $ (3,062 ) $ (2,142 ) AWS Net sales $ 12,219 $ 17,459 $ 25,655 Operating expenses 9,111 13,128 18,359 Operating income $ 3,108 $ 4,331 $ 7,296 Consolidated Net sales $ 135,987 $ 177,866 $ 232,887 Operating expenses 131,801 173,760 220,466 Operating income 4,186 4,106 12,421 Total non-operating income (expense) (294 ) (300 ) (1,160 ) Provision for income taxes (1,425 ) (769 ) (1,197 ) Equity-method investment activity, net of tax (96 ) (4 ) 9 Net income $ 2,371 $ 3,033 $ 10,073 |
Disaggregation of Revenue | Net sales by groups of similar products and services, which also have similar economic characteristics, is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 Net Sales: Online stores (1) $ 91,431 $ 108,354 $ 122,987 Physical stores (2) — 5,798 17,224 Third-party seller services (3) 22,993 31,881 42,745 Subscription services (4) 6,394 9,721 14,168 AWS 12,219 17,459 25,655 Other (5) 2,950 4,653 10,108 Consolidated $ 135,987 $ 177,866 $ 232,887 ___________________ (1) Includes product sales and digital media content where we record revenue gross. We leverage our retail infrastructure to offer a wide selection of consumable and durable goods that includes media products available in both a physical and digital format, such as books, music, videos, games, and software. These product sales include digital products sold on a transactional basis. Digital product subscriptions that provide unlimited viewing or usage rights are included in Subscription services. (2) Includes product sales where our customers physically select items in a store. (3) Includes commissions and any related fulfillment and shipping fees, and other third-party seller services. (4) Includes annual and monthly fees associated with Amazon Prime memberships, as well as audiobook, digital video, e-book, digital music, and other non-AWS subscription services. (5) Primarily includes sales of advertising services, as well as sales related to our other service offerings. |
Net Sales Attributed to Countries that Represent a Significant Portion of Consolidated Net Sales | Net sales attributed to countries that represent a significant portion of consolidated net sales are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 United States $ 90,349 $ 120,486 $ 160,146 Germany 14,148 16,951 19,881 United Kingdom 9,547 11,372 14,524 Japan 10,797 11,907 13,829 Rest of world 11,146 17,150 24,507 Consolidated $ 135,987 $ 177,866 $ 232,887 |
Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated | Total segment assets reconciled to consolidated amounts are as follows (in millions): December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America (1) $ 22,225 $ 35,844 $ 47,251 International (1) 10,429 18,014 19,923 AWS (2) 12,698 18,660 26,340 Corporate 38,050 58,792 69,134 Consolidated $ 83,402 $ 131,310 $ 162,648 ___________________ (1) North America and International segment assets primarily consist of property and equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. (2) AWS segment assets primarily consist of property and equipment and accounts receivable. |
Reconciliation of Property and Equipment from Segments to Consolidated | Property and equipment, net by segment is as follows (in millions): December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America $ 10,143 $ 20,401 $ 27,052 International 3,448 7,425 8,552 AWS 10,300 14,885 18,851 Corporate 5,223 6,155 7,342 Consolidated $ 29,114 $ 48,866 $ 61,797 |
Reconciliation of Property and Equipment Additions and Depreciation from Segments to Consolidated | Total net additions to property and equipment by segment are as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America (1) $ 5,132 $ 13,200 $ 10,749 International (1) 1,680 5,196 2,476 AWS (2) 5,193 9,190 9,783 Corporate 1,580 2,197 2,060 Consolidated $ 13,585 $ 29,783 $ 25,068 ___________________ (1) Includes property and equipment added under capital leases of $1.5 billion , $2.9 billion , and $2.0 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , and under other financing arrangements of $849 million , $2.9 billion , and $3.0 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . (2) Includes property and equipment added under capital leases of $4.0 billion , $7.3 billion , and $8.4 billion in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 , and under finance leases of $75 million , $134 million , and $245 million in 2016 , 2017 , and 2018 . Total depreciation expense, by segment, is as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2016 2017 2018 North America $ 1,971 $ 3,029 $ 4,415 International 930 1,278 1,628 AWS 3,461 4,524 6,095 Consolidated $ 6,362 $ 8,831 $ 12,138 |
Quarterly Results (Unaudited) (
Quarterly Results (Unaudited) (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Quarterly Financial Information | Unaudited quarterly results are as follows (in millions, except per share data): Year Ended December 31, 2017 (1) First Second Third Fourth Net sales $ 35,714 $ 37,955 $ 43,744 $ 60,453 Operating income 1,005 628 347 2,127 Income before income taxes 953 666 316 1,872 Provision for income taxes (229 ) (467 ) (58 ) (16 ) Net income 724 197 256 1,856 Basic earnings per share 1.52 0.41 0.53 3.85 Diluted earnings per share 1.48 0.40 0.52 3.75 Shares used in computation of earnings per share: Basic 477 479 481 483 Diluted 490 492 494 496 Year Ended December 31, 2018 (1) First Second Third Fourth Net sales $ 51,042 $ 52,886 $ 56,576 $ 72,383 Operating income 1,927 2,983 3,724 3,786 Income before income taxes 1,916 2,605 3,390 3,350 Provision for income taxes (287 ) (74 ) (508 ) (327 ) Net income 1,629 2,534 2,883 3,027 Basic earnings per share 3.36 5.21 5.91 6.18 Diluted earnings per share 3.27 5.07 5.75 6.04 Shares used in computation of earnings per share: Basic 484 486 488 490 Diluted 498 500 501 501 ___________________ (1) The sum of quarterly amounts, including per share amounts, may not equal amounts reported for year-to-date periods. This is due to the effects of rounding and changes in the number of weighted-average shares outstanding for each period. (2) We acquired Whole Foods Market on August 28, 2017. The results of Whole Foods Market have been included in our results of operation from the date of acquisition. See Item 8 of Part II, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Note 4 — Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets” for additional information regarding this transaction. |
Description of Business and A_4
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Description of Business (Details) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018segment | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Number of operating segments | 3 |
Description of Business and A_5
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Calculation of Diluted Shares (Details) - shares shares in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||
Shares used in computation of basic earnings per share | 490 | 488 | 486 | 484 | 483 | 481 | 479 | 477 | 487 | 480 | 474 |
Total dilutive effect of outstanding stock awards | 13 | 13 | 10 | ||||||||
Shares used in computation of diluted earnings per share | 501 | 501 | 500 | 498 | 496 | 494 | 492 | 490 | 500 | 493 | 484 |
Description of Business and A_6
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||
Contract with Customer, Refund Liability | $ 623 | $ 468 | $ 567 |
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Contract with Customer, Right to Recover Product | 519 | 406 | 411 |
Sales Returns and Allowances [Member] | |||
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Additions to allowance for returns | 2,300 | 1,800 | 1,500 |
Deductions to allowance for returns | $ 2,300 | $ 1,900 | $ 1,500 |
Description of Business and A_7
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Marketing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||
Advertising Expense | $ 8.2 | $ 6.3 | $ 5 |
Description of Business and A_8
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Other Income (Expense), Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||
Foreign currency gains (losses) | $ (206) | $ 247 | $ 21 |
Derivative [Line Items] | |||
Equity Securities Gains | 145 | 18 | 1 |
Equity Warrant | |||
Derivative [Line Items] | |||
Derivative gains (losses) | $ (131) | $ 109 | $ 67 |
Description of Business and A_9
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - Equity Warrant - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] | |||
Derivative gains (losses) | $ (131) | $ 109 | $ 67 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | |||
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items] | |||
Fair value of warrants | $ 440 | $ 441 |
Description of Business and _10
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Accounts Receivable, Net and Other (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | |||
Accounts receivable, net and other | $ 16,677 | $ 13,164 | |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | 495 | 348 | $ 237 |
Additions to allowance for doubtful accounts | 878 | 626 | 451 |
Deductions to allowance for doubtful accounts | 731 | 515 | $ 403 |
Customer receivables | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | |||
Accounts receivable, net and other | 9,400 | 6,400 | |
Vendor receivables | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | |||
Accounts receivable, net and other | 3,200 | 2,600 | |
Loans Receivable | |||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | |||
Accounts receivable, net and other | $ 710 | $ 692 |
Description of Business and _11
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Property and Equipment, Net (Details) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Building | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
Estimated useful lives of assets | 40 years |
Servers | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
Estimated useful lives of assets | 3 years |
Networking Equipment | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
Estimated useful lives of assets | 5 years |
Heavy Equipment | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
Estimated useful lives of assets | 10 years |
Minimum | Other Fulfillment Equipment | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
Estimated useful lives of assets | 3 years |
Maximum | Other Fulfillment Equipment | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |
Estimated useful lives of assets | 7 years |
Description of Business and _12
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Goodwill (Details) | Apr. 01, 2018USD ($) |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Goodwill impairment | $ 0 |
Description of Business and _13
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Video and Music Content (Details) - Digital Video and Music Content | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Minimum | |
Other Assets [Line Items] | |
Video and music content amortization period | 1 year |
Maximum | |
Other Assets [Line Items] | |
Video and music content amortization period | 5 years |
Description of Business and _14
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Accrued Expenses and Other (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||
Payroll-related liabilities | $ 3.4 | $ 2.9 |
Unredeemed gift certificates | $ 2.8 | $ 3 |
Description of Business and _15
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Unearned Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||
Contract with Customer, Liability | $ 6.1 | |
Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized | $ 5.3 | |
Contract with Customer, Liability, Noncurrent | 1.4 | $ 1 |
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount | $ 19.3 | |
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period | 3 years 4 months |
Description of Business and _16
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Foreign Currency (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||
Transaction gain (loss) arising from intercompany foreign currency transactions | $ (186) | $ 202 | $ 62 |
Description of Business and _17
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Jan. 01, 2018 | |
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items] | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ 30,723 | $ 18,365 | $ 17,203 | ||
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities | (12,369) | (27,084) | (9,516) | ||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (7,686) | 9,928 | (3,716) | ||
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 1,209 | 3,971 | |||
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | |||||
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items] | |||||
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity or Net Assets | $ 650 | ||||
Accounting Standards Update 2016-16 | |||||
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items] | |||||
New Accounting Pronouncement or Change in Accounting Principle, Cumulative Effect of Change on Equity or Net Assets | $ 250 | ||||
Previously Reported [Member] | |||||
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items] | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 18,434 | 17,272 | |||
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities | (27,819) | (9,876) | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 9,860 | (3,740) | |||
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 475 | 3,656 | |||
Restatement Adjustment [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2016-18 | |||||
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items] | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (69) | (69) | |||
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities | 735 | 360 | |||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 68 | 24 | |||
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $ 734 | $ 315 | |||
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member] | Service, Subscription [Member] | |||||
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] | |||||
Net Sales | 3,800 | ||||
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member] | Product, Subscription [Member] | |||||
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] | |||||
Net Sales | (3,800) | ||||
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member] | Service, Other [Member] | |||||
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items] | |||||
Net Sales | $ 3,000 |
Description of Business and _18
Description of Business and Accounting Policies - Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions | Jan. 01, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items] | |||
Finance Lease Reclassification | $ 7.5 | $ 5.4 | |
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member] | |||
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items] | |||
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset | $ 21 | ||
Finance Lease Reclassification | 1.2 | ||
Operating Lease, Liability | (21) | ||
Derecognition of Build-to-suit assets | 1.5 | ||
Derecognition of Build-to-suit liabilities | $ 1.5 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and M_4
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities - Fair Values on Recurring Basis (Details) - Recurring - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | ||
Cash | $ 10,406 | $ 9,982 |
Cost or Amortized Cost | ||
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 41,573 | 32,324 |
Gross Unrealized Gains | ||
Short-term investments | 150 | 32 |
Gross Unrealized Losses | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | (47) | (35) |
Total Estimated Fair Value | ||
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 41,676 | 32,321 |
Less: Restricted cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities | (426) | (1,335) |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities | 41,250 | 30,986 |
Level 1 securities | ||
Cost or Amortized Cost | ||
Equity securities | 29 | 23 |
Gross Unrealized Gains | ||
Equity securities | 143 | 30 |
Gross Unrealized Losses | ||
Equity securities | (2) | 0 |
Total Estimated Fair Value | ||
Equity securities | 170 | 53 |
Level 1 securities | Money market funds | ||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | ||
Money market funds | 12,515 | 11,343 |
Level 2 securities | ||
Cost or Amortized Cost | ||
Equity securities | 28 | |
Gross Unrealized Gains | ||
Equity securities | 5 | |
Gross Unrealized Losses | ||
Equity securities | 0 | |
Total Estimated Fair Value | ||
Equity securities | 33 | |
Level 2 securities | Foreign government and agency securities | ||
Cost or Amortized Cost | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 815 | 620 |
Gross Unrealized Gains | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 0 | 0 |
Gross Unrealized Losses | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 0 | 0 |
Total Estimated Fair Value | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 815 | 620 |
Level 2 securities | U.S. government and agency securities | ||
Cost or Amortized Cost | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 11,686 | 4,841 |
Gross Unrealized Gains | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 1 | 1 |
Gross Unrealized Losses | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | (20) | (19) |
Total Estimated Fair Value | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 11,667 | 4,823 |
Level 2 securities | Corporate debt securities | ||
Cost or Amortized Cost | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 5,008 | 4,265 |
Gross Unrealized Gains | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 1 | 1 |
Gross Unrealized Losses | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | (19) | (9) |
Total Estimated Fair Value | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 4,990 | 4,257 |
Level 2 securities | Asset-backed securities | ||
Cost or Amortized Cost | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 896 | 910 |
Gross Unrealized Gains | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 0 | 0 |
Gross Unrealized Losses | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | (4) | (5) |
Total Estimated Fair Value | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 892 | 905 |
Level 2 securities | Other fixed income securities | ||
Cost or Amortized Cost | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 190 | 340 |
Gross Unrealized Gains | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | 0 | 0 |
Gross Unrealized Losses | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | (2) | (2) |
Total Estimated Fair Value | ||
Cash equivalents and marketable securities | $ 188 | $ 338 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and M_5
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities - Gross Gains and Gross Losses Realized on Sales of Available-For-Sale Marketable Securities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale, Realized Gain (Loss) [Abstract] | |||
Realized gains | $ 2 | $ 5 | $ 3 |
Realized losses | $ 9 | $ 11 | $ 11 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and M_6
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities - Contractual Maturities (Details) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) |
Amortized Cost | |
Due within one year | $ 27,520 |
Due after one year through five years | 2,865 |
Due after five years through ten years | 187 |
Due after ten years | 538 |
Cash Equivalents and Marketable Fixed Income Securities, Cost | 31,110 |
Estimated Fair Value | |
Due within one year | 27,508 |
Due after one year through five years | 2,845 |
Due after five years through ten years | 185 |
Due after ten years | 529 |
Cash Equivalents and Marketable Fixed Income Securities, Fair Value | $ 31,067 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and M_7
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities - Reconciliation to Cash Flow (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 |
Reconciliation to Cash Flow [Abstract] | ||||
Cash and Cash Equivalents | $ 31,750 | $ 20,522 | ||
Restricted cash included in accounts receivable, net and other | 418 | 1,329 | ||
Restricted cash included in other assets | 5 | 5 | ||
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows | $ 32,173 | $ 21,856 | $ 19,934 | $ 16,175 |
Property and Equipment - Compon
Property and Equipment - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Gross property and equipment | $ 95,770 | $ 72,656 | |
Total accumulated depreciation | 33,973 | 23,790 | |
Total property and equipment, net | 61,797 | 48,866 | $ 29,114 |
Land and buildings | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Gross property and equipment | 31,741 | 23,896 | |
Equipment | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Gross property and equipment | 54,591 | 42,244 | |
Other assets | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Gross property and equipment | 2,577 | 2,438 | |
Construction in progress | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Gross property and equipment | $ 6,861 | $ 4,078 |
Property and Equipment - Additi
Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |||
Depreciation expense | $ 12,138 | $ 8,831 | $ 6,362 |
Amortization of property and equipment acquired under capital leases | 7,300 | 5,400 | $ 3,800 |
Gross assets under capital leases | 36,100 | 26,400 | |
Accumulated depreciation associated with capital leases | 19,800 | 13,400 | |
Gross assets under finance leases | 7,500 | 5,400 | |
Accumulated depreciation associated with finance leases | $ 1,100 | $ 635 |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and A_3
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Sep. 11, 2018 | Apr. 12, 2018 | Aug. 28, 2017 | May 12, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | $ 2,186 | $ 13,972 | $ 116 | ||||
Other Acquisitions | |||||||
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |||||||
Aggregate purchase price | $ 57 | $ 204 | $ 103 | ||||
Souq | |||||||
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | $ 583 | ||||||
Whole Foods Market | |||||||
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | $ 13,200 | ||||||
Ring Inc. | |||||||
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | $ 839 | ||||||
PillPack, Inc. | |||||||
Business Acquisition [Line Items] | |||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | $ 753 |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and A_4
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets - Allocation of Aggregate Purchase Price of Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Purchase Price | |||
Cash paid, net of cash acquired | $ 2,186 | $ 13,972 | $ 116 |
Allocation | |||
Goodwill | $ 14,548 | 13,350 | 3,784 |
Acquired intangibles weighted average amortization period | 15 years 5 months | ||
Minimum | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 1 year | ||
Maximum | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 25 years | ||
Marketing-related | |||
Allocation | |||
Acquired intangibles weighted average amortization period | 21 years 2 months | ||
Contract-based | |||
Allocation | |||
Acquired intangibles weighted average amortization period | 12 years 4 months | ||
Technology-based | |||
Allocation | |||
Acquired intangibles weighted average amortization period | 4 years 7 months | ||
Customer-related | |||
Allocation | |||
Acquired intangibles weighted average amortization period | 4 years 5 months | ||
2016 Acquisitions | |||
Purchase Price | |||
Cash paid, net of cash acquired | 81 | ||
Indemnification holdback | 22 | ||
Aggregate purchase price | 103 | ||
Allocation | |||
Goodwill | 60 | ||
Intangible assets | 57 | ||
Property and equipment | 3 | ||
Deferred tax assets | 17 | ||
Other assets acquired | 10 | ||
Long-term debt | (5) | ||
Deferred tax liabilities | (18) | ||
Other liabilities assumed | (21) | ||
Allocated purchase price | $ 103 | ||
Acquired intangibles weighted average amortization period | 5 years | ||
2016 Acquisitions | Minimum | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 1 year | ||
2016 Acquisitions | Maximum | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 7 years | ||
2016 Acquisitions | Marketing-related | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | $ 2 | ||
2016 Acquisitions | Contract-based | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | 1 | ||
2016 Acquisitions | Technology-based | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | 53 | ||
2016 Acquisitions | Customer-related | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | $ 1 | ||
2017 Acquisitions | |||
Purchase Price | |||
Cash paid, net of cash acquired | 13,859 | ||
Indemnification holdback | 104 | ||
Aggregate purchase price | 13,963 | ||
Allocation | |||
Goodwill | 9,501 | ||
Intangible assets | 2,647 | ||
Property and equipment | 3,810 | ||
Deferred tax assets | 117 | ||
Other assets acquired | 1,858 | ||
Long-term debt | (1,165) | ||
Deferred tax liabilities | (961) | ||
Other liabilities assumed | (1,844) | ||
Allocated purchase price | $ 13,963 | ||
Acquired intangibles weighted average amortization period | 21 years | ||
2017 Acquisitions | Minimum | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 1 year | ||
2017 Acquisitions | Maximum | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 25 years | ||
2017 Acquisitions | Marketing-related | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | $ 1,987 | ||
2017 Acquisitions | Contract-based | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | 440 | ||
2017 Acquisitions | Technology-based | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | 166 | ||
2017 Acquisitions | Customer-related | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | $ 54 | ||
2018 Acquisitions | |||
Purchase Price | |||
Cash paid, net of cash acquired | $ 1,618 | ||
Indemnification holdback | 31 | ||
Aggregate purchase price | 1,649 | ||
Allocation | |||
Goodwill | 1,228 | ||
Intangible assets | 677 | ||
Property and equipment | 11 | ||
Deferred tax assets | 174 | ||
Other assets acquired | 282 | ||
Long-term debt | (176) | ||
Deferred tax liabilities | (159) | ||
Other liabilities assumed | (388) | ||
Allocated purchase price | $ 1,649 | ||
Acquired intangibles weighted average amortization period | 6 years | ||
2018 Acquisitions | Minimum | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 2 years | ||
2018 Acquisitions | Maximum | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 7 years | ||
2018 Acquisitions | Marketing-related | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | $ 186 | ||
2018 Acquisitions | Contract-based | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | 13 | ||
2018 Acquisitions | Technology-based | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | 285 | ||
2018 Acquisitions | Customer-related | |||
Allocation | |||
Intangible assets | $ 193 |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and A_5
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets - Summary of Goodwill Activity by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Goodwill [Roll Forward] | ||
Goodwill, balance at beginning of period | $ 13,350 | $ 3,784 |
New acquisitions | 1,228 | 9,501 |
Other adjustments | (30) | 65 |
Goodwill, balance at end of period | 14,548 | 13,350 |
North America | ||
Goodwill [Roll Forward] | ||
Goodwill, balance at beginning of period | 11,165 | 2,044 |
New acquisitions | 1,031 | 9,115 |
Other adjustments | (5) | 6 |
Goodwill, balance at end of period | 12,191 | 11,165 |
International | ||
Goodwill [Roll Forward] | ||
Goodwill, balance at beginning of period | 1,108 | 694 |
New acquisitions | 177 | 368 |
Other adjustments | (15) | 46 |
Goodwill, balance at end of period | 1,270 | 1,108 |
AWS | ||
Goodwill [Roll Forward] | ||
Goodwill, balance at beginning of period | 1,077 | 1,046 |
New acquisitions | 20 | 18 |
Other adjustments | (10) | 13 |
Goodwill, balance at end of period | $ 1,087 | $ 1,077 |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and A_6
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets - Acquired Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
Acquired Intangibles, Gross | $ 5,350 | $ 4,422 | |
Accumulated Amortization | (1,240) | (1,051) | |
Acquired Intangibles, Net | $ 4,110 | 3,371 | |
Weighted Average Life Remaining | 15 years 5 months | ||
Amortization expense for acquired intangibles | $ 475 | 366 | $ 287 |
Minimum | |||
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 1 year | ||
Maximum | |||
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
Intangible assets, estimated useful life | 25 years | ||
Marketing-related | |||
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
Acquired Intangibles, Gross | $ 2,542 | 2,486 | |
Accumulated Amortization | (431) | (418) | |
Acquired Intangibles, Net | $ 2,111 | 2,068 | |
Weighted Average Life Remaining | 21 years 2 months | ||
Contract-based | |||
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
Acquired Intangibles, Gross | $ 1,430 | 1,013 | |
Accumulated Amortization | (224) | (213) | |
Acquired Intangibles, Net | $ 1,206 | 800 | |
Weighted Average Life Remaining | 12 years 4 months | ||
Technology- and content-based | |||
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
Acquired Intangibles, Gross | $ 941 | 640 | |
Accumulated Amortization | (377) | (252) | |
Acquired Intangibles, Net | $ 564 | 388 | |
Weighted Average Life Remaining | 4 years 7 months | ||
Customer-related | |||
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items] | |||
Acquired Intangibles, Gross | $ 437 | 283 | |
Accumulated Amortization | (208) | (168) | |
Acquired Intangibles, Net | $ 229 | $ 115 | |
Weighted Average Life Remaining | 4 years 5 months |
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and A_7
Acquisitions, Goodwill, and Acquired Intangible Assets - Expected Future Amortization Expense of Acquired Intangible Assets (Details) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) |
Year Ended December 31, | |
2,019 | $ 511 |
2,020 | 412 |
2,021 | 355 |
2,022 | 323 |
2,023 | 270 |
Thereafter | 2,217 |
Acquired intangibles | $ 4,088 |
Long-Term Debt - Additional Inf
Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Details) | 1 Months Ended | |||
Apr. 30, 2018USD ($)extension | Oct. 31, 2016USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Borrowings outstanding | $ 24,965,000,000 | $ 24,942,000,000 | ||
Commercial Paper [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Credit term | 397 days | |||
Commercial Paper, Maximum Borrowing Capacity | $ 7,000,000,000 | |||
Commercial Paper Borrowings | 0 | |||
Senior Notes | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Borrowings outstanding | 24,300,000,000 | |||
Unamortized discount | 101,000,000 | 99,000,000 | ||
Estimated fair value of notes | 24,300,000,000 | 25,700,000,000 | ||
Senior Notes | 5.200% Notes due on December 3, 2025 | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Borrowings outstanding | 1,000,000,000 | 1,000,000,000 | ||
Line of Credit and Other Long-term Debt | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Borrowings outstanding | 715,000,000 | 692,000,000 | ||
Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Borrowings outstanding | 594,000,000 | 592,000,000 | ||
Credit Facility | October 2016 Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Maximum borrowing capacity | $ 500,000,000 | 620,000,000 | ||
Credit term | 3 years | |||
Commitment fee percentage | 0.50% | |||
Borrowings outstanding | $ 594,000,000 | $ 592,000,000 | ||
Weighted average interest rate | 3.20% | 2.70% | ||
Collateral amount | $ 686,000,000 | |||
Credit Facility | October 2016 Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) | 1.65% | |||
Credit Facility | April 2018 Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Maximum borrowing capacity | $ 7,000,000,000 | |||
Credit term | 3 years | |||
Commitment fee percentage | 0.04% | |||
Borrowings outstanding | $ 0 | 0 | ||
Credit Agreement, number of extensions | extension | 3 | |||
Credit Agreement, additional term | 1 year | |||
Credit Facility | April 2018 Revolving Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | LIBOR | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Basis spread on variable rate (as a percent) | 0.50% | |||
Other Long-term Debt | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Borrowings outstanding | $ 121,000,000 | $ 100,000,000 | ||
Weighted average interest rate | 6.00% | 5.80% | ||
Amazon.com, Inc. [Member] | 5.200% Notes due on December 3, 2025 | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Borrowings outstanding | $ 872,000,000 | |||
Whole Foods Market, Inc. [Member] | 5.200% Notes due on December 3, 2025 | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Borrowings outstanding | $ 128,000,000 |
Long-Term Debt - Long-Term Debt
Long-Term Debt - Long-Term Debt Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Total debt | $ 24,965 | $ 24,942 |
Less current portion of long-term debt | (1,371) | (100) |
Face value of long-term debt | 23,594 | 24,842 |
Senior Notes | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Total debt | $ 24,300 | |
Senior Notes | 2.600% Notes due on December 5, 2019 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 2.60% | |
Total debt | $ 1,000 | 1,000 |
Effective interest rate | 2.73% | |
Senior Notes | 1.900% Notes due on August 21, 2020 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 1.90% | |
Total debt | $ 1,000 | 1,000 |
Effective interest rate | 2.16% | |
Senior Notes | 3.300% Notes due on December 5, 2021 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 3.30% | |
Total debt | $ 1,000 | 1,000 |
Effective interest rate | 3.43% | |
Senior Notes | 2.500% Notes due on November 29, 2022 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 2.50% | |
Total debt | $ 1,250 | 1,250 |
Effective interest rate | 2.66% | |
Senior Notes | 2.400% Notes due on February 22, 2023 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 2.40% | |
Total debt | $ 1,000 | 1,000 |
Effective interest rate | 2.56% | |
Senior Notes | 2.800% Notes due on August 22, 2024 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 2.80% | |
Total debt | $ 2,000 | 2,000 |
Effective interest rate | 2.95% | |
Senior Notes | 3.800% Notes due on December 5, 2024 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 3.80% | |
Total debt | $ 1,250 | 1,250 |
Effective interest rate | 3.90% | |
Senior Notes | 5.200% Notes due on December 3, 2025 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 5.20% | |
Total debt | $ 1,000 | 1,000 |
Effective interest rate | 3.02% | |
Senior Notes | 3.150% Notes due on August 22, 2027 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 3.15% | |
Total debt | $ 3,500 | 3,500 |
Effective interest rate | 3.25% | |
Senior Notes | 4.800% Notes due on December 5, 2034 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 4.80% | |
Total debt | $ 1,250 | 1,250 |
Effective interest rate | 4.92% | |
Senior Notes | 3.875% Notes due on August 22, 2037 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 3.875% | |
Total debt | $ 2,750 | 2,750 |
Effective interest rate | 3.94% | |
Senior Notes | 4.950% Notes due on December 5, 2044 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 4.95% | |
Total debt | $ 1,500 | 1,500 |
Effective interest rate | 5.11% | |
Senior Notes | 4.050% Notes due on August 22, 2047 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 4.05% | |
Total debt | $ 3,500 | 3,500 |
Effective interest rate | 4.13% | |
Senior Notes | 4.250% Notes due on August 22, 2057 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage | 4.25% | |
Total debt | $ 2,250 | 2,250 |
Effective interest rate | 4.33% | |
Credit Facility | Revolving Credit Facility | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Total debt | $ 594 | 592 |
Other long-term debt | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Total debt | $ 121 | 100 |
Amazon.com, Inc. [Member] | 5.200% Notes due on December 3, 2025 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Total debt | 872 | |
Whole Foods Market, Inc. [Member] | 5.200% Notes due on December 3, 2025 | ||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Total debt | $ 128 |
Long-Term Debt - Future Princip
Long-Term Debt - Future Principal Payment for Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Year Ended December 31, | ||
2,019 | $ 1,371 | |
2,020 | 1,298 | |
2,021 | 1,016 | |
2,022 | 1,266 | |
2,023 | 1,014 | |
Thereafter | 19,000 | |
Total debt | $ 24,965 | $ 24,942 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities - O
Other Long-Term Liabilities - Other Long Term Liabilities Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Long-term capital lease obligations | $ 9,650 | $ 8,438 |
Long-term finance lease obligations | 6,642 | 4,745 |
Construction liabilities | 2,516 | 1,350 |
Tax contingencies | 896 | 1,004 |
Long-term deferred tax liabilities | 1,490 | 990 |
Other | 6,019 | 4,448 |
Total other long-term liabilities | $ 27,213 | $ 20,975 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities - L
Other Long-Term Liabilities - Long Term Capital Lease Obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Gross capital lease obligations | $ 17,952 | |
Less imputed interest | (582) | |
Present value of net minimum lease payments | 17,370 | |
Less current portion of capital lease obligations | (7,720) | $ (5,800) |
Total long-term capital lease obligations | $ 9,650 | $ 8,438 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities -_2
Other Long-Term Liabilities - Long Term Finance Lease Obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Gross finance lease obligations | $ 8,376 | |
Less imputed interest | (1,323) | |
Present value of net minimum lease payments | 7,053 | |
Less current portion of finance lease obligations | (411) | $ (282) |
Total long-term finance lease obligations | $ 6,642 | $ 4,745 |
Commitments and Contingencies -
Commitments and Contingencies - Commitments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
Rental expense under operating lease agreements | $ 3.4 | $ 2.2 | $ 1.4 |
Commitments and Contingencies_2
Commitments and Contingencies - Principal Contractual Commitments Excluding Open Orders (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 |
Debt principal and interest | ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | $ 2,277 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 2,161 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | 1,861 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | 2,078 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | 1,781 | |||
Thereafter | 30,013 | |||
Total | 40,171 | |||
Capital lease obligations, including interest | ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 7,807 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 5,742 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | 2,725 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | 704 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | 473 | |||
Thereafter | 501 | |||
Total | 17,952 | |||
Current capital lease obligations | 7,720 | $ 5,800 | ||
Noncurrent capital lease obligations | 9,650 | 8,438 | ||
Finance lease obligations, including interest | ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 628 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 640 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | 652 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | 664 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | 675 | |||
Thereafter | 5,117 | |||
Total | 8,376 | |||
Current finance lease obligations | 411 | 282 | ||
Noncurrent finance lease obligations | 6,642 | 4,745 | ||
Operating leases | ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 3,127 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 3,070 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | 2,775 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | 2,473 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | 2,195 | |||
Thereafter | 13,026 | |||
Total | 26,666 | |||
Unconditional purchase obligations | ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 3,523 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 4,103 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | 3,291 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | 3,098 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | 2,974 | |||
Thereafter | 5,204 | |||
Total | 22,193 | |||
Other commitments | ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 2,618 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 1,455 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | 1,056 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | 843 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | 808 | |||
Thereafter | 8,875 | |||
Total | 15,655 | |||
Accrued tax contingencies | 3,414 | $ 2,309 | $ 1,710 | $ 1,181 |
Total commitments | ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 19,980 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 17,171 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | 12,360 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | 9,860 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | 8,906 | |||
Thereafter | 62,736 | |||
Total | $ 131,013 |
Commitments and Contingencies_3
Commitments and Contingencies - Pledged Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Pledged or restricted cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other assets | $ 575 | $ 1,400 |
Commitments and Contingencies_4
Commitments and Contingencies - Legal Proceedings (Details) - Pending Litigation $ in Millions | 1 Months Ended | |
Oct. 31, 2013claim | Feb. 28, 2017USD ($) | |
Nationwide Breach of Contract and Unjust Enrichment Claims | ||
Loss Contingencies [Line Items] | ||
Number of claims filed | claim | 1 | |
Legal Proceedings with Eolas Technologies, Inc. | Minimum | ||
Loss Contingencies [Line Items] | ||
Estimate of possible loss | $ 130 | |
Legal Proceedings with Eolas Technologies, Inc. | Maximum | ||
Loss Contingencies [Line Items] | ||
Estimate of possible loss | $ 250 |
Stockholders' Equity - Addition
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($) | 12 Months Ended | |||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Feb. 29, 2016 | |
Class of Stock [Line Items] | ||||
Preferred stock, authorized shares | 500,000,000 | 500,000,000 | ||
Preferred stock, par value (in usd per share) | $ 0.01 | $ 0.01 | ||
Preferred stock, outstanding shares | 0 | 0 | ||
Common shares outstanding plus underlying outstanding stock awards | 507,000,000 | 504,000,000 | 497,000,000 | |
Stock Repurchased During Period, Value | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
Net unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements | $ 6,600,000,000 | |||
Compensation cost expected to be expensed in next twelve months, percentage | 50.00% | |||
Net unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock-based compensation arrangements, weighted average recognition period (in years) | 1 year 1 month | |||
Estimated forfeiture rate | 27.00% | 28.00% | 28.00% | |
Common stock available for future issuance to employees (in shares) | 113,000,000 | |||
Restricted Stock Units | ||||
Class of Stock [Line Items] | ||||
Fair value of units vested | $ 11,400,000,000 | $ 6,800,000,000 | $ 4,300,000,000 | |
Minimum | ||||
Class of Stock [Line Items] | ||||
Award vesting period | 2 years | |||
Maximum | ||||
Class of Stock [Line Items] | ||||
Award vesting period | 5 years | |||
February 2016 Program | ||||
Class of Stock [Line Items] | ||||
Stock repurchase, authorized amount | $ 5,000,000,000 |
Stockholders' Equity - Stock-ba
Stockholders' Equity - Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items] | |||
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ 5,418 | $ 4,215 | $ 2,975 |
Tax benefits from stock-based compensation expense | 1,100 | 860 | 907 |
Cost of sales | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items] | |||
Total stock-based compensation expense | 73 | 47 | 16 |
Fulfillment | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items] | |||
Total stock-based compensation expense | 1,121 | 911 | 657 |
Marketing | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items] | |||
Total stock-based compensation expense | 769 | 511 | 323 |
Technology and content | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items] | |||
Total stock-based compensation expense | 2,888 | 2,305 | 1,664 |
General and administrative | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Compensation Cost [Line Items] | |||
Total stock-based compensation expense | $ 567 | $ 441 | $ 315 |
Stockholders' Equity - Restrict
Stockholders' Equity - Restricted Stock Unit Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock Units - $ / shares shares in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Number of Units | |||
Beginning balance (in shares) | 20.1 | 19.8 | 18.9 |
Units granted (in shares) | 5 | 8.9 | 9.3 |
Units vested (in shares) | (7.1) | (6.8) | (6.1) |
Units forfeited (in shares) | (2.1) | (1.8) | (2.3) |
Ending balance (in shares) | 15.9 | 20.1 | 19.8 |
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value | |||
Beginning Balance | $ 725 | $ 506 | $ 362 |
Units granted | 1,522 | 946 | 660 |
Units vested | 578 | 400 | 321 |
Units forfeited | 862 | 649 | 440 |
Ending Balance | $ 1,024 | $ 725 | $ 506 |
Stockholders' Equity - Schedule
Stockholders' Equity - Scheduled Vesting for Outstanding Restricted Stock Units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units - shares shares in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 |
Scheduled vesting — restricted stock units | ||||
Year Ended December 31, 2019 | 6.9 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2020 | 5.6 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | 2.4 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | 0.8 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | 0.1 | |||
Thereafter | 0.1 | |||
Total | 15.9 | 20.1 | 19.8 | 18.9 |
Income Taxes - Additional Infor
Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details) € in Millions, $ in Millions | Oct. 04, 2017EUR (€) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Sep. 30, 2018USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2018USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Sep. 30, 2017USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2017USD ($) | Mar. 31, 2017USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes, net | $ 327 | $ 508 | $ 74 | $ 287 | $ 16 | $ 58 | $ 467 | $ 229 | $ 1,197 | $ 769 | $ 1,425 | ||
Cash taxes paid, net of refunds | 1,184 | 957 | 412 | ||||||||||
Provisional tax benefit for impact of the Act | 789 | ||||||||||||
Income Taxes [Line Items] | |||||||||||||
Valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets | $ 600 | ||||||||||||
Tax credit carryforwards | 1,700 | 1,700 | |||||||||||
Accrued interest and penalties, net of federal income tax benefit, related to tax contingencies | 127 | $ 107 | 127 | 107 | |||||||||
Interest and penalties, net of federal income tax benefit | 20 | $ 40 | $ 9 | ||||||||||
Federal | |||||||||||||
Income Taxes [Line Items] | |||||||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards | 627 | 627 | |||||||||||
Federal | IRS | |||||||||||||
Income Taxes [Line Items] | |||||||||||||
Tax examination, estimate of additional tax expense | 1,500 | ||||||||||||
Federal | Capital Loss Carryforward | |||||||||||||
Income Taxes [Line Items] | |||||||||||||
Tax credit carryforwards | 261 | 261 | |||||||||||
Foreign | |||||||||||||
Income Taxes [Line Items] | |||||||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards | 7,800 | 7,800 | |||||||||||
Foreign | Luxembourg Tax Administration | |||||||||||||
Income Taxes [Line Items] | |||||||||||||
Tax examination, estimate of additional tax expense | € | € 250 | ||||||||||||
State | |||||||||||||
Income Taxes [Line Items] | |||||||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ 919 | $ 919 |
Income Taxes - Components of Pr
Income Taxes - Components of Provision for Income Taxes, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Current taxes: | |||||||||||
U.S. Federal | $ (129) | $ (137) | $ 1,136 | ||||||||
U.S. State | 322 | 211 | 208 | ||||||||
International | 563 | 724 | 327 | ||||||||
Current taxes | 756 | 798 | 1,671 | ||||||||
Deferred taxes: | |||||||||||
U.S. Federal | 565 | (202) | 116 | ||||||||
U.S. State | 5 | (26) | (31) | ||||||||
International | (129) | 199 | (331) | ||||||||
Deferred taxes | 441 | (29) | (246) | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes, net | $ 327 | $ 508 | $ 74 | $ 287 | $ 16 | $ 58 | $ 467 | $ 229 | $ 1,197 | $ 769 | $ 1,425 |
Income Taxes - U.S. and Interna
Income Taxes - U.S. and International Components of Income Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||
U.S. | $ 11,157 | $ 5,630 | $ 4,551 | ||||||||
International | 104 | (1,824) | (659) | ||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ 3,350 | $ 3,390 | $ 2,605 | $ 1,916 | $ 1,872 | $ 316 | $ 666 | $ 953 | $ 11,261 | $ 3,806 | $ 3,892 |
Income Taxes - Items Accounting
Income Taxes - Items Accounting for Differences Between Income Taxes Computed at Federal Statutory Rate and Provision Recorded for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||
Income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate (1) | $ 2,365 | $ 1,332 | $ 1,362 | ||||||||
Effect of: | |||||||||||
Tax impact of foreign earnings | 119 | 1,178 | (69) | ||||||||
State taxes, net of federal benefits | 263 | 114 | 110 | ||||||||
Tax credits | (419) | (220) | (119) | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation | (1,086) | (917) | 189 | ||||||||
Domestic production activities deduction | 0 | 0 | (94) | ||||||||
2017 Impact of U.S. Tax Act | (157) | (789) | 0 | ||||||||
Other, net | 112 | 71 | 46 | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes, net | $ 327 | $ 508 | $ 74 | $ 287 | $ 16 | $ 58 | $ 467 | $ 229 | 1,197 | 769 | $ 1,425 |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation | $ 1,600 | $ 1,300 |
Income Taxes - Deferred Income
Income Taxes - Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Deferred tax assets: | ||
Loss carryforwards U.S. - Federal/States | $ 222 | $ 211 |
Loss carryforwards - Foreign | 2,551 | 2,149 |
Accrued liabilities, reserves, and other expenses | 1,064 | 901 |
Stock-based compensation | 1,293 | 1,026 |
Deferred revenue | 321 | 349 |
Assets held for investment | 69 | 35 |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,386 | 279 |
Other items | 94 | 167 |
Tax credits | 734 | 381 |
Total gross deferred tax assets | 8,734 | 5,498 |
Less valuation allowance | (4,950) | (2,538) |
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | 3,784 | 2,960 |
Deferred tax liabilities: | ||
Depreciation and amortization | (3,579) | (2,568) |
Acquisition related intangible assets | (682) | (531) |
Other items | (67) | (58) |
Net deferred tax liabilities, net of valuation allowance | $ (544) | $ (197) |
Income Taxes - Reconciliation o
Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Tax Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward] | |||
Gross tax contingencies – beginning of period | $ 2,309 | $ 1,710 | $ 1,181 |
Gross increases to tax positions in prior periods | 164 | 223 | 355 |
Gross decreases to tax positions in prior periods | (90) | (139) | (133) |
Gross increases to current period tax positions | 1,088 | 518 | 308 |
Settlements with tax authorities | (36) | 0 | 0 |
Lapse of statute of limitations | (21) | (3) | (1) |
Gross tax contingencies - end of period | 3,414 | $ 2,309 | $ 1,710 |
Tax contingencies, that if fully recognized, would decrease our effective tax rate | $ 1,700 |
Segment Information - Additiona
Segment Information - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018USD ($)segment | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016USD ($) | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||
Number of operating segments | segment | 3 | ||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment, net | $ 61,797 | $ 48,866 | $ 29,114 |
United States | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment, net | 45,100 | 35,500 | 22,000 |
Rest of world | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment, net | $ 16,700 | $ 13,400 | $ 7,100 |
Segment Information - Reportabl
Segment Information - Reportable Segments and Reconciliation to Consolidated Net Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | $ 72,383 | $ 56,576 | $ 52,886 | $ 51,042 | $ 60,453 | $ 43,744 | $ 37,955 | $ 35,714 | $ 232,887 | $ 177,866 | $ 135,987 |
Operating expenses | 220,466 | 173,760 | 131,801 | ||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 3,786 | 3,724 | 2,983 | 1,927 | 2,127 | 347 | 628 | 1,005 | 12,421 | 4,106 | 4,186 |
Total non-operating income (expense) | (1,160) | (300) | (294) | ||||||||
Provision for income taxes | (327) | (508) | (74) | (287) | (16) | (58) | (467) | (229) | (1,197) | (769) | (1,425) |
Equity-method investment activity, net of tax | 9 | (4) | (96) | ||||||||
Net income | $ 3,027 | $ 2,883 | $ 2,534 | $ 1,629 | $ 1,856 | $ 256 | $ 197 | $ 724 | 10,073 | 3,033 | 2,371 |
North America | |||||||||||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 141,366 | 106,110 | 79,785 | ||||||||
Operating expenses | 134,099 | 103,273 | 77,424 | ||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 7,267 | 2,837 | 2,361 | ||||||||
International | |||||||||||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 65,866 | 54,297 | 43,983 | ||||||||
Operating expenses | 68,008 | 57,359 | 45,266 | ||||||||
Operating income (loss) | (2,142) | (3,062) | (1,283) | ||||||||
AWS | |||||||||||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 25,655 | 17,459 | 12,219 | ||||||||
Operating expenses | 18,359 | 13,128 | 9,111 | ||||||||
Operating income (loss) | $ 7,296 | $ 4,331 | $ 3,108 |
Segment Information - Disaggreg
Segment Information - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | $ 72,383 | $ 56,576 | $ 52,886 | $ 51,042 | $ 60,453 | $ 43,744 | $ 37,955 | $ 35,714 | $ 232,887 | $ 177,866 | $ 135,987 |
Online stores | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 122,987 | 108,354 | 91,431 | ||||||||
Physical stores | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 17,224 | 5,798 | 0 | ||||||||
Third-party seller services | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 42,745 | 31,881 | 22,993 | ||||||||
Subscription services | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 14,168 | 9,721 | 6,394 | ||||||||
AWS | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 25,655 | 17,459 | 12,219 | ||||||||
Other | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | $ 10,108 | $ 4,653 | $ 2,950 |
Segment Information Net Sales A
Segment Information Net Sales Attributed to Countries Representing Portion of Consolidated Net Sales (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item | |||||||||||
Total net sales | $ 72,383 | $ 56,576 | $ 52,886 | $ 51,042 | $ 60,453 | $ 43,744 | $ 37,955 | $ 35,714 | $ 232,887 | $ 177,866 | $ 135,987 |
United States | |||||||||||
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 160,146 | 120,486 | 90,349 | ||||||||
Germany | |||||||||||
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 19,881 | 16,951 | 14,148 | ||||||||
United Kingdom | |||||||||||
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 14,524 | 11,372 | 9,547 | ||||||||
Japan | |||||||||||
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item | |||||||||||
Total net sales | 13,829 | 11,907 | 10,797 | ||||||||
Rest of world | |||||||||||
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item | |||||||||||
Total net sales | $ 24,507 | $ 17,150 | $ 11,146 |
Segment Information - Reconcili
Segment Information - Reconciliation of Assets from Segment to Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Total assets | $ 162,648 | $ 131,310 | $ 83,402 |
Operating Segments | North America | |||
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Total assets | 47,251 | 35,844 | 22,225 |
Operating Segments | International | |||
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Total assets | 19,923 | 18,014 | 10,429 |
Operating Segments | AWS | |||
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Total assets | 26,340 | 18,660 | 12,698 |
Corporate | |||
Segment Reporting, Asset Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Total assets | $ 69,134 | $ 58,792 | $ 38,050 |
Segment Information - Reconci_2
Segment Information - Reconciliation of Property and Equipment from Segments to Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment, net | $ 61,797 | $ 48,866 | $ 29,114 |
Operating Segments | North America | |||
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment, net | 27,052 | 20,401 | 10,143 |
Operating Segments | International | |||
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment, net | 8,552 | 7,425 | 3,448 |
Operating Segments | AWS | |||
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment, net | 18,851 | 14,885 | 10,300 |
Corporate | |||
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment, net | $ 7,342 | $ 6,155 | $ 5,223 |
Segment Information - Reconci_3
Segment Information - Reconciliation of Property and Equipment Additions from Segments to Consolidated (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | $ 25,068 | $ 29,783 | $ 13,585 |
Operating Segments | North America | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | 10,749 | 13,200 | 5,132 |
Operating Segments | International | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | 2,476 | 5,196 | 1,680 |
Operating Segments | AWS | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | 9,783 | 9,190 | 5,193 |
Operating Segments | AWS | Assets held under capital leases | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | 8,400 | 7,300 | 4,000 |
Operating Segments | AWS | Assets under finance leases | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | 245 | 134 | 75 |
Operating Segments | North America and International | Assets held under capital leases | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | 2,000 | 2,900 | 1,500 |
Operating Segments | North America and International | Assets under finance leases | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | 3,000 | 2,900 | 849 |
Corporate | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Property and equipment additions | $ 2,060 | $ 2,197 | $ 1,580 |
Segment Information - Depreciat
Segment Information - Depreciation Expense, by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Depreciation expense | $ 12,138 | $ 8,831 | $ 6,362 |
North America | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Depreciation expense | 4,415 | 3,029 | 1,971 |
International | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Depreciation expense | 1,628 | 1,278 | 930 |
AWS | |||
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] | |||
Depreciation expense | $ 6,095 | $ 4,524 | $ 3,461 |
Quarterly Results (Unaudited)_2
Quarterly Results (Unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||
Total net sales | $ 72,383 | $ 56,576 | $ 52,886 | $ 51,042 | $ 60,453 | $ 43,744 | $ 37,955 | $ 35,714 | $ 232,887 | $ 177,866 | $ 135,987 |
Operating income | 3,786 | 3,724 | 2,983 | 1,927 | 2,127 | 347 | 628 | 1,005 | 12,421 | 4,106 | 4,186 |
Income before income taxes | 3,350 | 3,390 | 2,605 | 1,916 | 1,872 | 316 | 666 | 953 | 11,261 | 3,806 | 3,892 |
Provision for income taxes | (327) | (508) | (74) | (287) | (16) | (58) | (467) | (229) | (1,197) | (769) | (1,425) |
Net income | $ 3,027 | $ 2,883 | $ 2,534 | $ 1,629 | $ 1,856 | $ 256 | $ 197 | $ 724 | $ 10,073 | $ 3,033 | $ 2,371 |
Basic earnings per share | $ 6.18 | $ 5.91 | $ 5.21 | $ 3.36 | $ 3.85 | $ 0.53 | $ 0.41 | $ 1.52 | $ 20.68 | $ 6.32 | $ 5.01 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ 6.04 | $ 5.75 | $ 5.07 | $ 3.27 | $ 3.75 | $ 0.52 | $ 0.40 | $ 1.48 | $ 20.14 | $ 6.15 | $ 4.90 |
Shares used in computation of earnings per share: | |||||||||||
Basic (in shares) | 490 | 488 | 486 | 484 | 483 | 481 | 479 | 477 | 487 | 480 | 474 |
Diluted (in shares) | 501 | 501 | 500 | 498 | 496 | 494 | 492 | 490 | 500 | 493 | 484 |