Document and Entity Information
Document and Entity Information - USD ($) | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Feb. 13, 2019 | Jun. 30, 2018 | |
Document And Entity Information [Abstract] | |||
Document Type | 10-K | ||
Amendment Flag | false | ||
Document Period End Date | Dec. 31, 2018 | ||
Document Fiscal Year Focus | 2,018 | ||
Document Fiscal Period Focus | FY | ||
Trading Symbol | CP | ||
Entity Registrant Name | CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY LTD/CN | ||
Entity Central Index Key | 16,875 | ||
Current Fiscal Year End Date | --12-31 | ||
Entity Filer Category | Large Accelerated Filer | ||
Entity Current Reporting Status | Yes | ||
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding | 140,041,483 | ||
Entity Public Float | $ 26,091,991,353 | ||
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | Yes | ||
Entity Voluntary Filers | No | ||
Entity Emerging Growth Company | false | ||
Entity Small Business | false | ||
Entity Shell Company | false |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCO
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - CAD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | $ 2,006 | $ 1,898 | $ 1,750 | $ 1,662 | $ 1,713 | $ 1,595 | $ 1,643 | $ 1,603 | $ 7,316 | $ 6,554 | $ 6,232 |
Operating expenses | |||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 1,468 | 1,309 | 1,356 | ||||||||
Fuel | 918 | 677 | 567 | ||||||||
Materials | 201 | 190 | 180 | ||||||||
Equipment rents | 130 | 142 | 173 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 696 | 661 | 640 | ||||||||
Purchased services and other | 1,072 | 1,056 | 905 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 4,485 | 4,035 | 3,821 | ||||||||
Operating income | 874 | 790 | 627 | 540 | 682 | 622 | 611 | 604 | 2,831 | 2,519 | 2,411 |
Less: | |||||||||||
Other expense (income) | 174 | (178) | (45) | ||||||||
Other components of net periodic benefit recovery | (384) | (274) | (167) | ||||||||
Net interest expense | 453 | 473 | 471 | ||||||||
Income before income tax expense | 2,588 | 2,498 | 2,152 | ||||||||
Income tax expense | 637 | 93 | 553 | ||||||||
Net income | $ 545 | $ 622 | $ 436 | $ 348 | $ 984 | $ 510 | $ 480 | $ 431 | $ 1,951 | $ 2,405 | $ 1,599 |
Earnings per share | |||||||||||
Basic earnings per share | $ 3.84 | $ 4.36 | $ 3.05 | $ 2.41 | $ 6.79 | $ 3.50 | $ 3.28 | $ 2.94 | $ 13.65 | $ 16.49 | $ 10.69 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ 3.83 | $ 4.35 | $ 3.04 | $ 2.41 | $ 6.77 | $ 3.50 | $ 3.27 | $ 2.93 | $ 13.61 | $ 16.44 | $ 10.63 |
Weighted-average number of shares (millions) | |||||||||||
Basic | 142.9 | 145.9 | 149.6 | ||||||||
Diluted | 143.3 | 146.3 | 150.5 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | $ 7,152 | $ 6,375 | $ 6,060 | ||||||||
Non-freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | $ 164 | $ 179 | $ 172 |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMP
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract] | |||||||||||
Net income | $ 545 | $ 622 | $ 436 | $ 348 | $ 984 | $ 510 | $ 480 | $ 431 | $ 1,951 | $ 2,405 | $ 1,599 |
Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities | (60) | 24 | 18 | ||||||||
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 38 | 19 | (2) | ||||||||
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans | (449) | 80 | (434) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes | (471) | 123 | (418) | ||||||||
Income tax recovery (expense) on above items | 169 | (65) | 96 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (302) | 58 | (322) | ||||||||
Comprehensive income | $ 1,649 | $ 2,463 | $ 1,277 |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 |
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 61 | $ 338 | ||
Accounts receivable, net | 815 | 687 | ||
Materials and supplies | 173 | 152 | ||
Other current assets | 68 | 97 | ||
Total current assets | 1,117 | 1,274 | ||
Investments | 203 | 182 | ||
Properties | 18,418 | 17,016 | ||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 202 | 187 | $ 202 | |
Pension asset | 1,243 | 1,407 | ||
Other assets | 71 | 69 | ||
Total assets | 21,254 | 20,135 | ||
Current liabilities | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 1,449 | 1,238 | ||
Long-term debt maturing within one year | 506 | 746 | ||
Total current liabilities | 1,955 | 1,984 | ||
Pension and other benefit liabilities | 718 | 749 | ||
Other long-term liabilities | 237 | 231 | ||
Long-term debt | 8,190 | 7,413 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 3,518 | 3,321 | ||
Total liabilities | 14,618 | 13,698 | ||
Shareholders’ equity | ||||
Share capital | 2,002 | 2,032 | ||
Additional paid-in capital | 42 | 43 | ||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (2,043) | (1,741) | (1,799) | |
Retained earnings | 6,635 | 6,103 | ||
Total shareholders' equity | 6,636 | 6,437 | $ 4,626 | $ 4,796 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ 21,254 | $ 20,135 |
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Pa
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
Common stock, shares authorized without par value (shares) | Unlimited | Unlimited |
Common stock, par value (in CAD per share) | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Common stock, shares issued (shares) | 140,500,000 | 144,900,000 |
Common stock, shares outstanding (shares) | 140,500,000 | 144,900,000 |
First preferred stock, shares authorized (shares) | Unlimited | Unlimited |
Second preferred stock, shares authorized (shares) | Unlimited | Unlimited |
First preferred stock, shares outstanding (shares) | 0 | 0 |
Second preferred stock, shares outstanding (shares) | 0 | 0 |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Operating activities | |||
Net income | $ 1,951 | $ 2,405 | $ 1,599 |
Reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities: | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 696 | 661 | 640 |
Deferred income taxes | 256 | (210) | 320 |
Pension recovery and funding | (321) | (237) | (138) |
Foreign exchange loss (gain) on long-term debt | 168 | (186) | (79) |
Settlement of forward starting swaps on debt issuance | (24) | 0 | 0 |
Other operating activities, net | (79) | (113) | (198) |
Change in non-cash working capital related to operations | 65 | (138) | (55) |
Cash provided by operating activities | 2,712 | 2,182 | 2,089 |
Investing activities | |||
Additions to properties | (1,551) | (1,340) | (1,182) |
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | 78 | 42 | 116 |
Other | 15 | 3 | (3) |
Cash used in investing activities | (1,458) | (1,295) | (1,069) |
Financing activities | |||
Dividends paid | (348) | (310) | (255) |
Issuance of CP Common Shares | 24 | 45 | 21 |
Purchase of CP Common shares | (1,103) | (381) | (1,210) |
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 638 | 0 | 0 |
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | (753) | (32) | (38) |
Net repayment of commercial paper | 0 | 0 | (8) |
Settlement of forward starting swaps on de-designation | 0 | (22) | 0 |
Other | 0 | 0 | (3) |
Cash used in financing activities | (1,542) | (700) | (1,493) |
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents | 11 | (13) | (13) |
Cash position | |||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (277) | 174 | (486) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 338 | 164 | 650 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 61 | 338 | 164 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | |||
Income taxes paid | 318 | 425 | 322 |
Interest paid | $ 463 | $ 475 | $ 488 |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHAN
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Total | Share capital [Member] | Additional paid-in capital [Member] | Accumulated other comprehensive loss [Member] | Retained earnings [Member] |
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2015 | $ 4,796 | $ 2,058 | $ 43 | $ (1,477) | $ 4,172 |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] | |||||
Net income | 1,599 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,599 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (322) | 0 | 0 | (322) | 0 |
Dividends declared | (274) | 0 | 0 | 0 | (274) |
Effect of stock-based compensation expense | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
CP Common Shares repurchased | (1,210) | (84) | 0 | 0 | (1,126) |
Stock issued under stock option plan | 23 | 28 | (5) | 0 | 0 |
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2016 | 4,626 | 2,002 | 52 | (1,799) | 4,371 |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] | |||||
Net income | 2,405 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,405 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 58 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 0 |
Dividends declared | (319) | 0 | 0 | 0 | (319) |
Effect of stock-based compensation expense | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
CP Common Shares repurchased | (381) | (27) | 0 | 0 | (354) |
Stock issued under stock option plan | 45 | 57 | (12) | 0 | 0 |
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2017 | 6,437 | 2,032 | 43 | (1,741) | 6,103 |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] | |||||
Net income | 1,951 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,951 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (302) | 0 | 0 | (302) | 0 |
Dividends declared | (358) | 0 | 0 | 0 | (358) |
Effect of stock-based compensation expense | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
CP Common Shares repurchased | (1,127) | (66) | 0 | 0 | (1,061) |
Stock issued under stock option plan | 24 | 36 | (12) | 0 | 0 |
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2018 | $ 6,636 | $ 2,002 | $ 42 | $ (2,043) | $ 6,635 |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CH_2
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) - $ / shares | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract] | |||
Dividends declared per share (in CAD per share) | $ 2.5125 | $ 2.1875 | $ 1.8500 |
Summary of Significant Accounti
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Nature of Operations | Canadian Pacific Railway Limited (“CPRL”), through its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “CP” or “the Company”), operates a transcontinental railway in Canada and the United States ("U.S."). CP provides rail and intermodal transportation services over a network of approximately 12,500 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of significant accounting policies Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) These Consolidated Financial Statements are expressed in Canadian dollars and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. Principles of consolidation These Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CP and all its subsidiaries. The Company’s investments in which it has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method. Distributions received from equity method investees are classified using the nature of the distribution approach for cash flow presentation purposes, whereby distributions received are classified based on the nature of the activity or activities of the investee that generated the distribution as either a return on investment (classified as a cash inflow from operating activities) or a return of investment (classified as a cash inflow from investing activities). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Use of estimates The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Management regularly reviews its estimates, including those related to environmental liabilities, pensions and other benefits, depreciable lives of properties, deferred income tax assets and liabilities, as well as legal and personal injury liabilities based upon currently available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Principal subsidiaries The following list sets out CPRL’s principal railway operating subsidiaries, including the jurisdiction of incorporation. All of these subsidiaries are wholly owned, directly or indirectly, by CPRL as at December 31, 2018 . Principal subsidiary Incorporated under the laws of Canadian Pacific Railway Company Canada Soo Line Railroad Company (“Soo Line”) Minnesota Delaware and Hudson Railway Company, Inc. (“D&H”) Delaware Dakota, Minnesota & Eastern Railroad Corporation (“DM&E”) Delaware Mount Stephen Properties Inc. (“MSP”) Canada Revenue recognition Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing services. Government imposed taxes that the Company collects concurrent with revenue generating activities are excluded from revenue. In the normal course of business, the Company does not generate any material revenue through acting as an agent for other entities. The Company provides rail freight transportation services to a wide variety of customers and transports bulk commodities, merchandise freight and intermodal traffic. The Company signs master service agreements with customers that dictate future services the Company is to perform for a customer at the time a bill of lading or service request is received. Each bill of lading or service request represents a separate distinct performance obligation that the Company is obligated to satisfy. The transaction price is generally in the form of a fixed fee determined at the inception of the bill of lading or service request. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on the estimated standalone selling price for each performance obligation. As each bill of lading or service request represents a separate distinct performance obligation, the estimated standalone selling price is assessed at an observable price which is fair market value. Certain customer agreements include variable consideration in the form of rebates, discounts, or incentives. The expected value method is used to estimate variable consideration and is allocated to the applicable performance obligation and is recognized when the related performance obligation is satisfied. Additionally, the Company offers published rates for services through public tariff agreements in which a customer can request service, triggering a performance obligation the Company must satisfy. Railway freight revenues are recognized over time as services are provided based on the percentage of completed service method. Volume rebates to customers are accrued as a reduction of freight revenues based on estimated volumes and contract terms as freight service is provided. Freight revenues also include certain ancillary and other services provided in association with the performance of rail freight movements. Revenues from these activities are not material and therefore have been aggregated with the freight revenues from customer contracts with which they are associated. Non-freight revenues, including passenger revenues, switching fees, and revenues from logistics services, are recognized at the point in time the services are provided or when the performance obligations are satisfied. Non-freight revenues also include leasing revenues. Payment by customers is due upon satisfaction of performance obligations. Payment terms are such that amounts outstanding at the period end are expected to be collected within one reporting period. The Company invoices customers at the time the bill of lading or service request is processed and therefore the Company has no material unbilled receivables and no contract assets. All performance obligations not fully satisfied at period end are expected to be satisfied within the reporting period immediately following. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid short-term investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less, but exclude cash and cash equivalents subject to restrictions. Restricted cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or usage, in accordance with specific agreements, are presented as restricted cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheets when applicable. In the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow, these balances, if any, are included with cash and cash equivalents. Foreign currency translation Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, other than those held through foreign subsidiaries, are translated into Canadian dollars at the year-end exchange rate for monetary items and at the historical exchange rates for non-monetary items. Foreign currency revenues and expenses are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the dates of the related transactions. Foreign exchange ("FX") gains and losses, other than those arising from the translation of the Company’s net investment in foreign subsidiaries, are included in income. The accounts of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into Canadian dollars using the year-end exchange rate for assets and liabilities and the average exchange rates during the year for revenues, expenses, gains and losses. FX gains and losses arising from the translation of the foreign subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are included in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”. A portion of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt has been designated as a hedge of the net investment in foreign subsidiaries. As a result, unrealized FX gains and losses on U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt, designated as a hedge, are offset against FX gains and losses arising from the translation of foreign subsidiaries’ accounts in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”. Pensions and other benefits Pension costs are actuarially determined using the projected-benefit method pro-rated over the credited service periods of employees. This method incorporates management’s best estimates of expected plan investment performance, salary escalation and retirement ages of employees. The expected return on fund assets is calculated using market-related asset values developed from a five-year average of market values for the fund’s public equity securities and absolute return strategies (with each prior year’s market value adjusted to the current date for assumed investment income during the intervening period) plus the market value of the fund’s fixed income, real estate, infrastructure and private debt securities, subject to the market-related asset value not being greater than 120% of the market value nor being less than 80% of the market value. The discount rate used to determine the projected-benefit obligation is based on blended market interest rates on high-quality corporate debt instruments with matching cash flows. Unrecognized actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the benefit obligation and the market-related value of plan assets are amortized over the expected average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits under the plan (approximately 12 years). Prior service costs arising from collectively bargained amendments to pension plan benefit provisions are amortized over the term of the applicable union agreement. Prior service costs arising from all other sources are amortized over the expected average remaining service period of active employees who are expected to receive benefits under the plan at the date of amendment. Costs for post-retirement and post-employment benefits other than pensions, including post-retirement health care and life insurance and some workers’ compensation and long-term disability benefits in Canada, are actuarially determined on a basis similar to pension costs. The over or under funded status of defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans are measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation, and are recognized on the balance sheets. In addition, any unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs and credits that arise during the period are recognized as a component of “Other comprehensive income (loss)”, net of tax. Gains and losses on post-employment benefits that do not vest or accumulate, including some workers’ compensation and long-term disability benefits in Canada, are included immediately on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income as "Other components of net periodic benefit cost or recovery". The current service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is reported in "Compensation and benefits" for pensions and post-retirement benefits, and in "Purchased services and other" for self-insured workers' compensation and long-term disability benefits on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Other components of net periodic benefit cost or recovery are reported in "Other components of net periodic benefit cost or recovery" outside of Operating income on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Capitalization of pension costs, when applicable, is restricted to the current service cost component of net periodic benefit cost. Materials and supplies Materials and supplies are carried at the lower of average cost or market value and consist primarily of fuel and parts used in the repair and maintenance of track structures, equipment, locomotives and freight cars. Properties Fixed asset additions and major renewals are recorded at cost, including direct costs, attributable indirect costs and carrying costs, less accumulated depreciation and any impairment. When there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of property, a liability is initially recognized at its fair value and a corresponding asset retirement cost is added to the gross book value of the related asset and amortized to expense over the estimated term to retirement. The Company reviews the carrying amounts of its properties whenever changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying amounts may not be recoverable based on future undiscounted cash flows. When such properties are determined to be impaired, recorded asset values are revised to their fair value and an impairment loss is recognized. The Company recognizes expenditures as additions to properties or operating expenses based on whether the expenditures increase the output or service capacity, lower the associated operating costs or extend the useful life of the properties and whether the expenditures exceed minimum physical and financial thresholds. Much of the additions to properties, both new and replacement properties, are self-constructed. These are initially recorded at cost, including direct costs and attributable indirect costs, overheads and carrying costs. Direct costs include, among other things, labour costs, purchased services, equipment costs and material costs. Attributable indirect costs and overheads include incremental long-term variable costs resulting from the execution of capital projects. Indirect costs mainly include work trains, material distribution, highway vehicles and work equipment. Overheads primarily include a portion of the engineering department’s costs, which plans, designs and administers these capital projects. These costs are allocated to projects by applying a measure consistent with the nature of the cost, based on cost studies. For replacement properties, the project costs are allocated to dismantling and installation based on cost studies. Dismantling work, which is expensed, is performed concurrently with the installation. Ballast programs including undercutting, shoulder ballasting and renewal programs that form part of the annual track program are capitalized as this work, and the related added ballast material, significantly improves drainage, which in turn extends the life of ties and other track materials. These costs are tracked separately from the underlying assets and depreciated over the period to the next estimated similar ballast program. Spot replacement of ballast is considered a repair which is expensed as incurred. The costs of large refurbishments are capitalized and locomotive overhauls are expensed as incurred, except where overhauls represent a betterment of the locomotive in which case costs are capitalized. The Company capitalizes development costs for major new computer systems. The Company follows group depreciation, which groups assets which are similar in nature and have similar economic lives. The property groups are depreciated on a straight-line basis reflecting their expected economic lives determined by depreciation studies. Depreciation studies are regular reviews of asset service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation and other related factors. Depreciation rates are established through these studies. Actual use and retirement of assets may vary from current estimates, and would be identified in the next study. These changes in expected economic lives would impact the amount of depreciation expense recognized in future periods. All track assets are depreciated using a straight-line method which recognizes the value of the asset consumed as a percentage of the whole life of the asset. When depreciable property is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, the book value, less net salvage proceeds, is charged to accumulated depreciation and if different than the assumptions under the depreciation study could potentially result in adjusted depreciation expense over a period of years. However, when removal costs exceed the salvage value on assets and the Company has no legal obligation to remove the assets, the removal costs incurred are charged to income in the period in which the assets are removed and are not charged to accumulated depreciation. For certain asset classes, the historical cost of the asset is separately recorded in the Company’s property records. This amount is retired from the property records upon retirement of the asset. For assets for which the historical cost cannot be separately identified the amount of the gross book value to be retired is estimated using either an indexation methodology, whereby the current replacement cost of the asset is indexed to the estimated year of installation for the asset, or a first-in, first-out approach, or statistical analysis is used to determine the age of the retired asset. CP uses indices that closely correlate to the principal costs of the assets. There are a number of estimates inherent in the depreciation and retirement processes and as it is not possible to precisely estimate each of these variables until a group of property is completely retired, CP regularly monitors the estimated service lives of assets and the associated accumulated depreciation for each asset class to ensure depreciation rates are appropriate. If the recorded amounts of accumulated depreciation are greater or less than the amounts indicated by the depreciation studies, then the excess or deficit is amortized as a component of depreciation expense over the remaining service lives of the applicable asset classes. For the sale or retirement of larger groups of depreciable assets that are unusual and were not considered in the Company’s depreciation studies, CP records a gain or loss for the difference between net proceeds and net book value of the assets sold or retired. The accumulated depreciation to be retired includes asset-specific accumulated depreciation, when known, and an appropriate portion of the accumulated depreciation recorded for the relevant asset class as a whole, calculated using a cost-based allocation. Revisions to the estimated useful lives and net salvage projections constitute a change in accounting estimate and are addressed prospectively by amending depreciation rates. Equipment under capital lease is included in Properties and depreciated over the period of expected use. Assets held for sale Assets to be disposed that meet the held for sale criteria are reported at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value, less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. Goodwill and intangible assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets upon acquisition of a business. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting units that are expected to benefit from the business acquisition which, after integration of operations with the railway network, may be different than the acquired business. The carrying value of goodwill, which is not amortized, is assessed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year as at October 1st, or more frequently as economic events dictate. The Company has the option of performing an assessment of certain qualitative factors (“Step 0”) to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value or proceeding directly to a quantitative impairment test (“Step 1”). Qualitative factors include but are not limited to, economic, market and industry conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance of the reporting unit. If Step 0 indicates that the carrying value is less than the fair value, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. Under Step 1, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, goodwill is potentially impaired. The impairment charge that would be recognized is the excess of the carrying value of the goodwill over the fair value of the goodwill, determined in the same manner as in a business combination. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Favourable leases, customer relationships and interline contracts have amortization periods ranging from 15 to 20 years. When there is a change in the estimated useful life of an intangible asset with a finite life, amortization is adjusted prospectively. Financial instruments Financial instruments are contracts that give rise to a financial asset of one party and a financial liability or equity instrument of another party. Financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value, which is the amount of consideration that would be agreed upon in an arm’s-length transaction between willing parties. Subsequent measurement depends on how the financial instruments have been classified. Accounts receivable and other investments, classified as loans and receivables, are measured at amortized cost, using the effective interest method. Cash and cash equivalents and derivatives are classified as held for trading and are measured at fair value. Accounts payable, accrued liabilities, short-term borrowings, other long-term liabilities and long-term debt are also measured at amortized cost. Derivative financial instruments Derivative financial and commodity instruments may be used from time to time by the Company to manage its exposure to risks relating to foreign currency exchange rates, stock-based compensation, interest rates and fuel prices. When CP utilizes derivative instruments in hedging relationships, CP identifies, designates and documents those hedging transactions and regularly tests the transactions to demonstrate effectiveness in order to continue hedge accounting. All derivative instruments are classified as held for trading and recorded at fair value. Any change in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges is recognized in the period in which the change occurs in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the line item to which the derivative instrument is related. On the Consolidated Balance Sheets they are classified in “Other assets”, “Other long-term liabilities”, “Other current assets” or “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” as applicable. Gains and losses arising from derivative instruments may affect the following lines on the Consolidated Statements of Income: “Revenues”, “Compensation and benefits”, “Fuel”, “ Other expense (income) ”, and “Net interest expense”. For fair value hedges, the periodic changes in values are recognized in income, on the same line as the changes in values of the hedged items are also recorded. For an effective cash flow hedge, the entire change in value of the hedging instrument is recognized in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”. The change in value of the effective cash flow hedge remains in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” until the related hedged item settles, at which time amounts recognized in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” are reclassified to the same income or balance sheet account that records the hedged item. Cash flows relating to derivative instruments designated as hedges are included in the same line as the related hedged items on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Environmental remediation Environmental remediation accruals, recorded on an undiscounted basis unless a reliably determinable estimate as to amount and timing of costs can be established, cover site-specific remediation programs. The accruals are recorded when the costs to remediate are probable and reasonably estimable. Certain future costs to monitor sites are discounted at an adjusted risk-free rate. Provisions for environmental remediation costs are recorded in “Other long-term liabilities”, except for the current portion, which is recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities”. Income taxes The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in income tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period during which the change occurs. When appropriate, the Company records a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to reflect that these tax assets may not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is appropriate, CP considers whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of CP’s deferred tax assets will not be realized, based on management’s judgment using available evidence about future events. At times, tax benefit claims may be challenged by a tax authority. Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not sustainable upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in CP’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. Investment and other similar tax credits are deferred on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized to “Income tax expense” as the related asset is recognized in income. Earnings per share Basic earnings per share are calculated using the weighted average number of the Company's Common Shares (the "Common Shares') outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share are calculated using the treasury stock method for determining the dilutive effect of options. Stock-based compensation CP follows the fair value based approach to account for stock options. Compensation expense and an increase in “Additional paid-in capital” are recognized for stock options over their vesting period, or over the period from the grant date to the date employees become eligible to retire when this is shorter than the vesting period, based on their estimated fair values on the grant date, as determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Any consideration paid by employees on exercise of stock options is credited to “Share capital” when the option is exercised and the recorded fair value of the option is removed from “Additional paid-in capital" and credited to “Share capital”. Compensation expense is also recognized for deferred share units (“DSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”) and restricted share units (“RSUs”) using the fair value method. Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period, or for PSUs and DSUs only, over the period from the grant date to the date employees become eligible to retire when this is shorter than the vesting period. Forfeitures of DSUs, PSUs and RSUs are estimated at issuance and subsequently at the balance sheet date. |
Accounting Changes
Accounting Changes | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract] | |
Accounting Changes | Implemented in 2018 Revenue from Contracts with Customers On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), and all related amendments under FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Comparative financial information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company did not recognize any adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. There was no material impact to the Company's net income on adoption of this new standard in 2018. In line with the requirements of ASC Topic 606 additional disclosure has been provided. As of January 1, 2018, the Company had no material remaining performance obligations. Compensation - Retirement Benefits On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the changes required under ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Post-retirement Benefit Cost under FASB ASC Topic 715, Retirement Benefits as issued by the FASB in March 2017. In accordance with the ASU, beginning on January 1, 2018, the Company reports the current service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in Compensation and benefits on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income, and reports the Other components of net periodic benefit recovery as a separate line item outside of Operating income on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company has applied these changes in presentation retrospectively, which resulted in a decrease in Operating income of $274 million and $167 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These changes in presentation do not result in any changes to net income or earnings per share. Details of the components of net periodic benefit costs are provided in Note 21 Pensions and other benefits. The ASU also prospectively restricts capitalization of net periodic benefit costs to the current service cost component when applicable. This restriction has no impact on the Company's operating income or amounts capitalized because the Company has and continues to only capitalize an appropriate portion of current service cost for self-constructed properties. Derivatives and Hedging In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, under FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. This improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity's risk management activities in its financial statements. These amendments also make targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in GAAP. The amendments require the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instrument to be recorded in Other comprehensive income for effective cash flow hedges. Consequently, any ineffective portion of the change in fair value will no longer be recorded to the Consolidated Statement of Income as it arises. While the amendments are effective for public entities beginning on January 1, 2019, early adoption is permitted and the Company early adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2018. Entities are required to apply the amendments in this update to hedging relationships existing on the date of adoption, reflected as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Other amendments to presentation and disclosure are applied prospectively. No significant cumulative-effect adjustment was required. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income - Reclassification In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income under FASB ASC Topic 220, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income. The current standard ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires deferred tax liabilities and assets to be adjusted for the effect of a change in tax laws or rates with the effect included in income from continuing operations in the reporting period that includes the enactment date. This includes the tax effects of items in Accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") that were originally recognized in Other comprehensive income, subsequently creating stranded tax effects. This ASU allows a reclassification from AOCI to Retained earnings for stranded tax effects specifically resulting from the U.S. federal government's recently enacted tax bill, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act . The amendments are effective for public entities beginning on January 1, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. Entities are required to apply these amendments either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in tax rate from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was recognized. The Company early adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2018, electing not to change AOCI, Retained earnings or disclosure in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. Future Changes Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases under FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases which will supersede the lease recognition and measurement requirements in Topic 840, Leases. This new standard requires recognition of right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as finance and operating leases with a maximum term exceeding 12 months. For the Company this new standard will be effective for interim and annual periods commencing January 1, 2019. As a permitted practical expedient at transition, the Company expects to adopt the new standard with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at that date and no restatement of comparative periods' financial information. In preparation for adoption of the new standard, in January 2019, the Company implemented internal controls and a lease management system to assist in delivering the required accounting changes. To facilitate transition, the Company expects to make policy choices to utilize available practical expedients provided by the new standard, including the: • Acceptance of the package of practical expedients, permitting the Company not to reassess lease existence, classification and capitalization of initial direct costs previously determined under Topic 840; • Acceptance of the previous accounting treatment for land easements where Topic 840 was not applied; • Combination of lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all lease classes, except for leases identified within engineering service agreements; and • Off-balance sheet treatment for leases with a term of 12 months or less. The Company has substantially completed its assessment of the impact of this new standard, and expects net increases of approximately $400 million to assets and liabilities associated primarily with the recognition of ROU assets and liabilities for operating leases. The Company expects no impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income and a minimal net impact to retained earnings. Additional disclosures will be provided in the Company's first quarter 2019 financial statements. Financial Instruments - Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments under FASB ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This new standard intends to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under GAAP with a methodology that reflects using a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit loss estimates. The amendments are effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2020. Entities are required to apply the amendments in this update using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on the consolidated financial statements from the adoption of this ASU. Intangibles – Goodwill and Other |
Revenues
Revenues | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block] | The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers by major source: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 (1) 2016 (1) Freight Grain $ 1,566 $ 1,532 $ 1,480 Coal 673 631 606 Potash 486 411 338 Fertilizers and sulphur 243 241 284 Forest products 284 265 275 Energy, chemicals and plastics 1,243 898 852 Metals, minerals, and consumer products 797 739 564 Automotive 322 293 350 Intermodal 1,538 1,365 1,311 Total freight revenues 7,152 6,375 6,060 Non-freight excluding leasing revenues 102 117 113 Revenues from contracts with customers 7,254 6,492 6,173 Leasing revenues 62 62 59 Total revenues $ 7,316 $ 6,554 $ 6,232 (1) |
Other Expense (Income)
Other Expense (Income) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract] | |
Other expense (income) | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Foreign exchange loss (gain) on long-term debt $ 168 $ (186 ) $ (79 ) Other foreign exchange losses (gains) 3 (7 ) (5 ) Insurance recovery of legal settlement — (10 ) — Legal settlement — — 25 Charge on hedge roll and de-designation — 13 — Other 3 12 14 Other expense (income) $ 174 $ (178 ) $ (45 ) |
Net Interest Expense
Net Interest Expense | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Interest Income (Expense), Net [Abstract] | |
Net Interest Expense | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Interest cost $ 475 $ 491 $ 497 Interest capitalized to Properties (20 ) (16 ) (25 ) Interest expense 455 475 472 Interest income (2 ) (2 ) (1 ) Net interest expense $ 453 $ 473 $ 471 Interest expense includes interest on capital leases of $11 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 ( 2017 – $11 million ; 2016 – $11 million |
Income Taxes
Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Income Taxes | The following is a summary of the major components of the Company’s income tax expense: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Current income tax expense $ 381 $ 303 $ 233 Deferred income tax expense Origination and reversal of temporary differences 214 371 336 Effect of tax rate decrease (21 ) (541 ) — Effect of hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries 64 (42 ) (20 ) Other (1 ) 2 4 Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) 256 (210 ) 320 Total income taxes $ 637 $ 93 $ 553 Income before income tax expense Canada $ 1,788 $ 1,829 $ 1,513 Foreign 800 669 639 Total income before income tax expense $ 2,588 $ 2,498 $ 2,152 Income tax expense Current Canada $ 336 $ 257 $ 165 Foreign 45 46 68 Total current income tax expense 381 303 233 Deferred Canada 174 256 207 Foreign 82 (466 ) 113 Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) 256 (210 ) 320 Total income taxes $ 637 $ 93 $ 553 The provision for deferred income taxes arises from temporary differences in the carrying values of assets and liabilities for financial statement and income tax purposes and the effect of loss carry forwards. The items comprising the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Deferred income tax assets Amount related to tax losses carried forward $ 11 $ 12 Liabilities carrying value in excess of tax basis 97 77 Unrealized foreign exchange losses 85 11 Environmental remediation costs 23 16 Other 2 11 Total deferred income tax assets 218 127 Less: Valuation allowance (5 ) — Total net deferred income tax assets 213 127 Deferred income tax liabilities Properties carrying value in excess of tax basis 3,496 3,181 Pensions carrying value in excess of tax basis 164 226 Other 71 41 Total deferred income tax liabilities 3,731 3,448 Total net deferred income tax liabilities $ 3,518 $ 3,321 The Company’s consolidated effective income tax rate differs from the expected Canadian statutory tax rates. Expected income tax expense at statutory rates is reconciled to income tax expense as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage) 2018 2017 2016 Statutory federal and provincial income tax rate (Canada) 26.86 % 26.56 % 26.65 % Expected income tax expense at Canadian enacted statutory tax rates $ 695 $ 663 $ 573 Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: Losses (gains) not subject to tax 8 (27 ) (23 ) Canadian tax rate differentials — 1 — Foreign tax rate differentials (55 ) (9 ) — Effect of tax rate decrease (21 ) (541 ) — Valuation allowance 5 — — Other 5 6 3 Income tax expense $ 637 $ 93 $ 553 The Company has no unrecognized tax benefits from capital losses at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . In 2018, the Company revalued its deferred income tax balances as a result of tax rate decreases in the states of Iowa and Missouri, resulting in a net recovery of $21 million . On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the “ Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ” which has been commonly referred to as U.S. tax reform. A significant change under this reform is the reduction of the U.S. federal statutory corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% beginning in 2018. As a result of this and other tax rate increases in the province of British Columbia and the state of Illinois, the Company revalued its deferred income tax balances accordingly. For the full year 2017, revaluations of deferred tax balances associated with changes in rates total a net recovery of $541 million . As at December 31, 2018, the Company has completed the measurement of certain income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118'). There was no significant change identified from the provisional amount previously reported in the prior year. The Company has not provided a deferred liability for the income taxes, if any, which might become payable on any temporary difference associated with its foreign investments because the Company intends to indefinitely reinvest in its foreign investments and has no intention to realize this difference by a sale of its interest in foreign investments. It is not practical to calculate the amount of the deferred tax liability. At December 31, 2018 , the Company had tax effected operating losses carried forward of $8 million , which have been recognized as a deferred tax asset. The majority of these losses carried forward will begin to expire in 2027, with the remaining expiring between 2031 and 2035. The Company expects to fully utilize these tax effected operating losses before their expiry. The Company did no t have any minimum tax credits or investment tax credits carried forward. It is more likely than not that the Company will realize the majority of its deferred income tax assets from the generation of future taxable income, as the payments for provisions, reserves and accruals are made and losses and tax credits carried forward are utilized. The following table provides a reconciliation of uncertain tax positions in relation to unrecognized tax benefits for Canada and the U.S. for the year ended December 31, 2018 : (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1 $ 13 $ 13 $ 15 Increase in unrecognized: Tax benefits related to the current year 1 — — Dispositions: Gross uncertain tax benefits related to prior years (1 ) — (2 ) Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 $ 13 $ 13 $ 13 If these uncertain tax positions were recognized, all of the amount of unrecognized tax positions as at December 31, 2018 would impact the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The net amount of accrued interest and penalties in 2018 was $nil ( 2017 – $1 million ; 2016 – $1 million ). The total amount of accrued interest and penalties associated with the unrecognized tax benefit at December 31, 2018 was $11 million ( 2017 – $11 million ; 2016 – $10 million ). The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to either Canadian federal and provincial income tax, U.S. federal, state and local income tax, or the relevant income tax in other international jurisdictions. The Company has substantially concluded all Canadian federal and provincial income tax matters for the years through 2012. The federal and provincial income tax returns filed for 2013 and subsequent years remain subject to examination by the Canadian taxation authorities. The Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") audit for 2012 and 2013 has been settled. The income tax returns for 2014 and subsequent years continue to remain subject to examination by the IRS and U.S. state tax jurisdictions. The Company believes that it has recorded sufficient income tax reserves at December 31, 2018 with respect to these income tax examinations. The Company does not anticipate any material changes to the unrecognized tax benefits previously disclosed within the next twelve months as at December 31, 2018 |
Earnings Per Share
Earnings Per Share | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |
Earnings Per Share | Basic earnings per share have been calculated using Net income for the year divided by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share have been calculated using the treasury stock method which assumes that any proceeds received from the exercise of in-the-money options would be used to purchase CP Common Shares at the average market price for the period. For purposes of this calculation, at December 31, 2018 , there were 1.3 million dilutive options outstanding ( 2017 – 1.4 million ; 2016 – 2.2 million ). The number of shares used and the earnings per share calculations are reconciled as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars, except per share data) 2018 2017 2016 Net income $ 1,951 $ 2,405 $ 1,599 Weighted average basic shares outstanding (millions) 142.9 145.9 149.6 Dilutive effect of weighted average number of stock options (millions) 0.4 0.4 0.9 Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (millions) 143.3 146.3 150.5 Earnings per share – basic $ 13.65 $ 16.49 $ 10.69 Earnings per share – diluted $ 13.61 $ 16.44 $ 10.63 In 2018 , the number of options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect was not dilutive was 0.2 million ( 2017 – 0.3 million ; 2016 – 0.4 million |
Other Comprehensive Income (Los
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | The components of Other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Before Income tax (expense) recovery Net of tax For the year ended December 31, 2018 Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ 419 $ — $ 419 Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18) (479 ) 64 (415 ) Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 10 (3 ) 7 Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other 28 (8 ) 20 Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (447 ) 115 (332 ) Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (2 ) 1 (1 ) Other comprehensive loss $ (471 ) $ 169 $ (302 ) For the year ended December 31, 2017 Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ (295 ) $ — $ (295 ) Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18) 319 (42 ) 277 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 25 (6 ) 19 Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges and other (6 ) 2 (4 ) Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses 84 (20 ) 64 Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (4 ) 1 (3 ) Other comprehensive income $ 123 $ (65 ) $ 58 For the year ended December 31, 2016 Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ (132 ) $ — $ (132 ) Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18) 150 (20 ) 130 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 10 (2 ) 8 Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges and other (12 ) 2 (10 ) Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (422 ) 113 (309 ) Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (12 ) 3 (9 ) Other comprehensive loss $ (418 ) $ 96 $ (322 ) The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ 862 $ 443 Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (749 ) (334 ) Net deferred and unrealized losses on derivatives and other (62 ) (89 ) Amounts for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans not recognized in income (Note 21) (2,094 ) (1,761 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (2,043 ) $ (1,741 ) Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Foreign currency (1) Derivatives and (1) Pension and post- (1) Total (1) Opening balance, January 1, 2018 $ 109 $ (89 ) $ (1,761 ) $ (1,741 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 4 19 (417 ) (394 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — 8 84 92 Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 4 27 (333 ) (302 ) Closing balance, December 31, 2018 $ 113 $ (62 ) $ (2,094 ) $ (2,043 ) Opening balance, January 1, 2017 $ 127 $ (104 ) $ (1,822 ) $ (1,799 ) Net current-period other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (17 ) (4 ) (50 ) (71 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (1 ) 19 111 129 Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (18 ) 15 61 58 Closing balance, December 31, 2017 $ 109 $ (89 ) $ (1,761 ) $ (1,741 ) (1) Amounts are presented net of tax. Amounts in Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows: 2018 2017 Amortization of prior service costs (1) $ (2 ) $ (4 ) Recognition of net actuarial loss (1) 117 154 Total before income tax $ 115 $ 150 Income tax recovery (31 ) (39 ) Total net of income tax $ 84 $ 111 (1) |
Change in Non-Cash Working Capi
Change in Non-Cash Working Capital Balances Related to Operations | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract] | |
Change in Non-Cash Working Capital Balances Related to Operations | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Source (use) of cash: Accounts receivable, net $ (107 ) $ (91 ) $ 44 Materials and supplies (11 ) 9 14 Other current assets 30 (26 ) (18 ) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 153 (30 ) (95 ) Change in non-cash working capital $ 65 $ (138 ) $ (55 ) |
Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts Receivable, Net | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Receivables [Abstract] | |
Accounts Receivable, Net | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Freight $ 677 $ 536 Non-freight 168 176 845 712 Allowance for doubtful accounts (30 ) (25 ) Total accounts receivable, net $ 815 $ 687 |
Disposition of properties
Disposition of properties | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract] | |
Disposition of properties | Gain on sale of Bass Lake railway line During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company completed the sale of the Bass Lake railway line for gross proceeds of $37 million (U.S. $27 million ). The company recorded a gain on sale of $35 million ( $26 million after tax) within "Purchased services and other" from the transaction. Gain on sale of Obico During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company completed the sale of its Obico rail yard for gross proceeds of $38 million . The Company recorded a gain on sale of $37 million ( $33 million after tax) within "Purchased services and other" from the transaction. Gain on sale of Arbutus Corridor I n March 2016, the Company completed the sale of CP’s Arbutus Corridor (the “Arbutus Corridor”) to the City of Vancouver for gross proceeds of $55 million . The agreement allows the Company to share in future proceeds on the eventual development and/or sale of certain parcels of the Arbutus Corridor. The Company recorded a gain on sale of $50 million ( $43 million |
Investments
Investments | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | |
Investments | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Rail investments accounted for on an equity basis $ 160 $ 144 Other investments 43 38 Total investments $ 203 $ 182 |
Properties
Properties | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |
Properties | (in millions of Canadian dollars except percentages) 2018 2018 2017 Weighted average annual depreciation rate Cost Accumulated Net book Cost Accumulated Net book Track and roadway 2.8 % $ 18,599 $ 5,236 $ 13,363 $ 17,285 $ 4,814 $ 12,471 Buildings 3.0 % 781 218 563 719 196 523 Rolling stock 2.8 % 4,467 1,613 2,854 4,114 1,557 2,557 Information systems (1) 10.4 % 551 252 299 551 264 287 Other 5.1 % 1,984 645 1,339 1,760 582 1,178 Total $ 26,382 $ 7,964 $ 18,418 $ 24,429 $ 7,413 $ 17,016 (1) During 2018 , CP capitalized costs attributable to the design and development of internal-use software in the amount of $53 million ( 2017 – $49 million ; 2016 – $46 million ). Current year depreciation expense related to internal use software was $49 million ( 2017 – $55 million ; 2016 – $63 million ). Capital leases included in properties (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Cost Accumulated Net book Cost Accumulated Net book Buildings $ 1 $ 1 $ — $ 1 $ 1 $ — Rolling stock 311 124 187 311 115 196 Total assets held under capital lease $ 312 $ 125 $ 187 $ 312 $ 116 $ 196 |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill Intangible assets (in millions of Canadian dollars) Net Cost Accumulated Net Total goodwill and intangible assets Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 191 $ 22 $ (11 ) $ 11 $ 202 Amortization — — (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Foreign exchange impact (13 ) — (1 ) (1 ) (14 ) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 178 $ 22 $ (13 ) $ 9 $ 187 Amortization — — (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Foreign exchange impact 16 — — — 16 Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 194 $ 22 $ (14 ) $ 8 $ 202 |
Other Assets
Other Assets | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Other Assets | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Long-term materials $ 26 $ 24 Contracted customer incentives 11 11 Prepaid leases 10 5 Other 24 29 Total other assets $ 71 $ 69 |
Accounts Payable and Accrued Li
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | |
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Trade payables $ 474 $ 402 Accrued charges 360 256 Income and other taxes payable 104 72 Accrued interest 135 128 Dividends payable 91 82 Payroll-related accruals 78 72 Accrued vacation 61 59 Stock-based compensation liabilities 53 32 Personal injury, damage and other claims provision 68 28 Provision for environmental remediation (Note 19) 8 8 Financial derivative liability (Note 18) — 55 Other 17 44 Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 1,449 $ 1,238 |
Debt
Debt | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Debt | The following table outlines the Company's outstanding debt instruments and capital lease obligations as at December 31, 2018 . (in millions of Canadian dollars except percentages) Maturity Currency 2018 2017 6.500% 10-year Notes (A) May 2018 U.S.$ $ — $ 345 6.250% 10-year Medium Term Notes (A) Jun 2018 CDN$ — 375 7.250% 10-year Notes (A) May 2019 U.S.$ 477 439 9.450% 30-year Debentures (A) Aug 2021 U.S.$ 341 314 5.100% 10-year Medium Term Notes (A) Jan 2022 CDN$ 125 125 4.500% 10-year Notes (A) Jan 2022 U.S.$ 339 311 4.450% 12.5-year Notes (A) Mar 2023 U.S.$ 477 438 2.900% 10-year Notes (A) Feb 2025 U.S.$ 955 878 3.700% 10.5-year Notes (A) Feb 2026 U.S.$ 340 313 4.000% 10-year Notes (A) Jun 2028 U.S.$ 682 — 7.125% 30-year Debentures (A) Oct 2031 U.S.$ 477 439 5.750% 30-year Debentures (A) Mar 2033 U.S.$ 334 307 4.800% 20-year Notes (A) Sep 2035 U.S.$ 408 375 5.950% 30-year Notes (A) May 2037 U.S.$ 607 558 6.450% 30-year Notes (A) Nov 2039 CDN$ 400 400 5.750% 30-year Notes (A) Jan 2042 U.S.$ 336 308 4.800% 30-year Notes (A) Aug 2045 U.S.$ 748 687 6.125% 100-year Notes (A) Sep 2115 U.S.$ 1,228 1,129 5.41% Senior Secured Notes (B) Mar 2024 U.S.$ 113 111 6.91% Secured Equipment Notes (C) Oct 2024 CDN$ 106 120 7.49% Equipment Trust Certificates (D) Jan 2021 U.S.$ 57 52 Obligations under capital leases 6.99% (E) Mar 2022 U.S.$ 104 96 6.57% (E) Dec 2026 U.S.$ 52 52 12.77% (E) Jan 2031 CDN$ 4 3 8,710 8,175 Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock (F) U.S.$ 41 38 Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock (F) G.B.£ 6 6 8,757 8,219 Less: Unamortized fees on long-term debt 61 60 8,696 8,159 Less: Long-term debt maturing within one year 506 746 $ 8,190 $ 7,413 At December 31, 2018 , the gross amount of long-term debt denominated in U.S. dollars was U.S. $5,970 million ( 2017 – U.S. $5,755 million). Annual maturities and principal repayment requirements, excluding those pertaining to capital leases, for each of the five years following 2018 are (in millions): 2019 – $501 ; 2020 – $67 ; 2021 – $382 ; 2022 – $494 ; 2023 – $507 . Fees on long-term debt are amortized to income over the term of the related debt. A. These debentures and notes pay interest semi-annually and are unsecured, but carry a negative pledge. During the second quarter of 2018, the Company repaid U.S. $275 million 6.500% 10 -year Notes at maturity for a total of U.S. $275 million ( $352 million ) and $375 million 6.250% 10 -year Medium Term Notes at maturity for a total of $375 million . The Company also issued U.S. $500 million 4.000% 10 -year Notes due June 1, 2028 for net proceeds of U.S. $495 million ( $638 million ). In conjunction with the issuance, the Company settled a notional U.S. $500 million of forward starting floating-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements ("forward starting swaps") for a payment of U.S. $19 million ( $24 million ) (see Note 18). This payment was included in cash provided by operating activities consistent with the location of the related hedged item on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. B. The 5.41% Senior Secured Notes are collateralized by specific locomotive units with a carrying value of $111 million at December 31, 2018 . The Company pays equal blended semi-annual payments of principal and interest. Final repayment of the remaining principal of U.S. $44 million is due in March 2024. C. The 6.91% Secured Equipment Notes are full recourse obligations of the Company collateralized by a first charge on specific locomotive units with a carrying value of $81 million at December 31, 2018 . The Company pays equal blended semi-annual payments of principal and interest. Final repayment of the remaining principal of $11 million is due in October 2024. D. The 7.49% Equipment Trust Certificates are secured by specific locomotive units with a carrying value of $107 million at December 31, 2018 . The Company makes semi-annual payments that vary in amount and are interest-only payments or blended principal and interest payments. Final repayment of the remaining principal of U.S. $11 million is due in January 2021. E. At December 31, 2018 , capital lease obligations included in long-term debt were as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Year Capital leases Minimum lease payments in: 2019 $ 16 2020 16 2021 16 2022 114 2023 9 Thereafter 31 Total minimum lease payments 202 Less: Imputed interest (43 ) Present value of minimum lease payments 159 Less: Current portion (5 ) Long-term portion of capital lease obligations $ 154 During the years ended 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , the Company had no additions to property, plant and equipment under capital lease obligations. The carrying value of the assets collateralizing the capital lease obligations was $187 million at December 31, 2018 . F. The Consolidated Debenture Stock, authorized by an Act of Parliament of 1889 , constitutes a first charge upon and over the whole of the undertaking, railways, works, rolling stock, plant, property and effects of the Company, with certain exceptions. Credit facility CP has a revolving credit facility (the “facility”) agreement with 15 highly rated financial institutions for a commitment amount of U.S. $1.0 billion . The facility can accommodate draws of cash and/or letters of credit at market competitive pricing. The agreement requires the Company not to exceed a maximum debt to earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortization ratio. As at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company was in compliance with all terms and conditions of the credit facility arrangements and satisfied the threshold stipulated in this financial covenant. Effective June 8, 2018, the Company amended its U.S. $2.0 billion revolving credit facility agreement dated September 26, 2014. This fifth amending agreement included the extension of the U.S. $1.0 billion five-year maturity date from June 28, 2022 to June 28, 2023 and the cancellation of the U.S. $1.0 billion one-year plus one-year credit facility agreement. As at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the facility was undrawn. The amount available under the terms of the credit facility was U.S. $1.0 billion at December 31, 2018 (December 31, 2017 – U.S. $2.0 billion ). The Company also has a commercial paper program which enables it to issue commercial paper up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of U.S. $1.0 billion in the form of unsecured promissory notes. This commercial paper program is backed by the revolving credit facility. As at December 31, 2018 , the Company had no commercial paper borrowings outstanding (December 31, 2017 – $nil). CP has bilateral letter of credit facilities with six highly rated financial institutions to support its requirement to post letters of credit in the ordinary course of business. Under these agreements, the Company has the option to post collateral in the form of cash or cash equivalents, equal at least to the face value of the letter of credit issued. These agreements permit CP to withdraw amounts posted as collateral at any time; therefore, the amounts posted as collateral are presented as “Cash and cash equivalents” on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. As at December 31, 2018 , the Company had no collateral posted on its bilateral letter of credit facility ( December 31, 2017 – $150 million ). At December 31, 2018 , under its bilateral facilities the Company had letters of credit drawn of $60 million ( December 31, 2017 – $319 million ) from a total available amount of $600 million ( December 31, 2017 – $600 million |
Financial Instruments
Financial Instruments | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Financial Instruments | A. Fair values of financial instruments The Company categorizes its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy established by GAAP that prioritizes those inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based on the degree to which they are observable. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; Level 2 inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 inputs are not observable in the market. When possible, the estimated fair value is based on quoted market prices and, if not available, it is based on estimates from third-party brokers. For non-exchange traded derivatives classified in Level 2, the Company uses standard valuation techniques to calculate fair value. Primary inputs to these techniques include observable market prices (interest, FX, and commodity) and volatility, depending on the type of derivative and nature of the underlying risk. The Company uses inputs and data used by willing market participants when valuing derivatives and considers its own credit default swap spread as well as those of its counterparties in its determination of fair value. All derivatives and long-term debt are classified as Level 2. The carrying values of financial instruments equal or approximate their fair values with the exception of long-term debt: (in millions of Canadian dollars) December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Long-term debt (including current maturities): Fair value $ 9,639 $ 9,680 Carrying value 8,696 8,159 The estimated fair value of current and long-term borrowings has been determined based on market information where available, or by discounting future payments of principal and interest at estimated interest rates expected to be available to the Company at period end. As at December 31, 2018 and 2017 , the Company did not have any deposits in the form of short-term investments with financial institutions. B. Financial risk management Derivative financial instruments Derivative financial instruments may be used to selectively reduce volatility associated with fluctuations in interest rates, FX rates, the price of fuel and stock-based compensation expense. Where derivatives are designated as hedging instruments, the relationship between the hedging instruments and their associated hedged items is documented, as well as the risk management objective and strategy for the use of the hedging instruments. This documentation includes linking the derivatives that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, commitments, or forecasted transactions. At the time a derivative contract is entered into and at least quarterly thereafter, an assessment is made as to whether the derivative item is effective in offsetting the changes in fair value or cash flows of the hedged items. The derivative qualifies for hedge accounting treatment if it is effective in substantially mitigating the risk it was designed to address. It is not the Company’s intent to use financial derivatives or commodity instruments for trading or speculative purposes. Credit risk management Credit risk refers to the possibility that a customer or counterparty will fail to fulfill its obligations under a contract and as a result create a financial loss for the Company. The railway industry predominantly serves financially established customers, and the Company has experienced limited financial losses with respect to credit risk. The credit worthiness of customers is assessed using credit scores supplied by a third party and through direct monitoring of their financial well-being on a continual basis. The Company establishes guidelines for customer credit limits and should thresholds in these areas be reached, appropriate precautions are taken to improve collectability. Counterparties to financial instruments expose the Company to credit losses in the event of non-performance. Counterparties for derivative and cash transactions are limited to high credit quality financial institutions, which are monitored on an ongoing basis. Counterparty credit assessments are based on the financial health of the institutions and their credit ratings from external agencies. The Company does not anticipate non-performance that would materially impact the Company’s financial statements. In addition, the Company believes there are no significant concentrations of credit risk. FX management The Company conducts business transactions and owns assets in both Canada and the United States. As a result, the Company is exposed to fluctuations in the value of financial commitments, assets, liabilities, income, or cash flows due to changes in FX rates. The Company may enter into FX risk management transactions primarily to manage fluctuations in the exchange rate between Canadian and U.S. currencies. FX exposure is primarily mitigated through natural offsets created by revenues, expenditures, and balance sheet positions incurred in the same currency. Where appropriate, the Company may negotiate with customers and suppliers to reduce the net exposure. Occasionally the Company may enter into short-term FX forward contracts as part of its cash management strategy. Net investment hedge The FX gains and losses on long-term debt are mainly unrealized and can only be realized when U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt matures or is settled. The Company also has long-term FX exposure on its investment in U.S. affiliates. The majority of the Company’s U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt has been designated as a hedge of the net investment in foreign subsidiaries. This designation has the effect of mitigating volatility on Net income by offsetting long-term FX gains and losses on U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt and gains and losses on its net investment. The effect of the net investment hedge recognized in “Other comprehensive income” in 2018 was an FX loss of $479 million , the majority of which was unrealized ( 2017 – unrealized gain of $319 million ; 2016 – unrealized gain of $150 million ) (see Note 8). Interest rate management The Company is exposed to interest rate risk, which is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will vary as a result of changes in market interest rates. In order to manage funding needs or capital structure goals, the Company enters into debt or capital lease agreements that are subject to either fixed market interest rates set at the time of issue or floating rates determined by ongoing market conditions. Debt subject to variable interest rates exposes the Company to variability in interest expense, while debt subject to fixed interest rates exposes the Company to variability in the fair value of debt. To manage interest rate exposure, the Company accesses diverse sources of financing and manages borrowings in line with a targeted range of capital structure, debt ratings, liquidity needs, maturity schedule, and currency and interest rate profiles. In anticipation of future debt issuances, the Company may enter into forward rate agreements, that are designated as cash flow hedges, to substantially lock in all or a portion of the effective future interest expense. The Company may also enter into swap agreements, designated as fair value hedges, to manage the mix of fixed and floating rate debt. Forward starting swaps As at December 31, 2018 , the Company had no forward starting swaps to fix the benchmark rate on cash flows associated with highly probable forecasted issuances of long-term notes (December 31, 2017 – U.S. $500 million ). During the second quarter of 2018, the Company settled a notional amount of U.S. $500 million of forward starting swaps related to the U.S. $500 million 4.000% 10 -year Notes issued in the same period. The fair value of these derivative instruments at the time of settlement was a loss of U.S. $19 million ( $24 million ). During the second quarter of 2017, the Company de-designated the hedging relationship for U.S. $700 million of forward starting swaps. The Company settled a notional amount of U.S. $200 million of forward starting swaps for a cash payment of U.S. $16 million ( $22 million ). The Company rolled the remaining notional amount of U.S. $500 million of forward starting swaps and did not cash settle these swaps. The impact of the U.S. $200 million settlement and U.S. $500 million roll of the forward starting swaps was a charge of $13 million to " Other expense (income) " on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Concurrently, the Company re-designated the forward starting swaps totalling U.S. $500 million to fix the benchmark rate on cash flows associated with highly probable forecasted issuances of long-term notes. As at December 31, 2018 , there were no fair value losses ( December 31, 2017 – fair value loss of $55 million ) derived from the forward starting swaps that were included in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities”. The changes in fair value from the forward starting swaps for the year ended December 31, 2018 was a gain of $31 million ( 2017 – loss of $8 million ). This was recorded in "Accumulated other comprehensive loss”, net of tax, and is being reclassified to "Net interest expense" on the Consolidated Statements of Income until the underlying hedged notes are repaid. For the year ended December 31, 2018 , a net loss of $10 million related to previous forward starting swap hedges has been amortized to “Net interest expense” ( 2017 – loss of $11 million ). The Company expects that during the next 12 months, $9 million of net losses will be amortized to “Net interest expense”. Treasury rate locks At December 31, 2018 , the Company had net unamortized losses related to interest rate locks, which are accounted for as cash flow hedges, settled in previous years totalling $19 million ( December 31, 2017 – $20 million ). This amount is composed of various unamortized gains and losses related to specific debts which are reflected in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” and are amortized to “Net interest expense” in the period that interest on the related debt is charged. The amortization of these gains and losses resulted in a $1 million increase to “Net interest expense” and “Other comprehensive income” in 2018 ( 2017 – loss of $1 million ; 2016 – negligible). The Company expects that during the next 12 months, a net loss of $1 million related to these previously settled derivatives will be reclassified to “Net interest expense”. Fuel price management The Company is exposed to commodity risk related to purchases of diesel fuel and the potential reduction in Net income due to increases in the price of diesel. Fuel expense constitutes a large portion of the Company’s operating costs and volatility in diesel fuel prices can have a significant impact on the Company’s income. Items affecting volatility in diesel prices include, but are not limited to, fluctuations in world markets for crude oil and distillate fuels, which can be affected by supply disruptions and geopolitical events. |
Other Long-Term Liabilities
Other Long-Term Liabilities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Other Long-Term Liabilities | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Stock-based compensation liabilities, net of current portion $ 81 $ 67 Provision for environmental remediation, net of current portion (1) 74 70 Deferred revenue on rights-of-way license agreements, net of current portion (2) 24 26 Deferred gains on sale leaseback transactions (2) 13 16 Other, net of current portion 45 52 Total other long-term liabilities $ 237 $ 231 (1) As at December 31, 2018 , the aggregate provision for environmental remediation, including the current portion was $82 million ( 2017 – $78 million ). (2) The deferred revenue on rights-of-way license agreements, and deferred gains on sale leaseback transactions are being amortized to income on a straight-line basis over the related lease terms. Environmental remediation accruals Environmental remediation accruals cover site-specific remediation programs. The estimate of the probable costs to be incurred in the remediation of properties contaminated by past railway use reflects the nature of contamination at individual sites according to typical activities and scale of operations conducted. CP has developed remediation strategies for each property based on the nature and extent of the contamination, as well as the location of the property and surrounding areas that may be adversely affected by the presence of contaminants, considering available technologies, treatment and disposal facilities and the acceptability of site-specific plans based on the local regulatory environment. Site-specific plans range from containment and risk management of the contaminants through to the removal and treatment of the contaminants and affected soils and groundwater. The details of the estimates reflect the environmental liability at each property. Provisions for environmental remediation costs are recorded in “Other long-term liabilities”, except for the current portion which is recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” (see Note 16). Payments are expected to be made over 10 years to 2028. The accruals for environmental remediation represent CP’s best estimate of its probable future obligation and include both asserted and unasserted claims, without reduction for anticipated recoveries from third parties. Although the recorded accruals include CP’s best estimate of all probable costs, CP’s total environmental remediation costs cannot be predicted with certainty. Accruals for environmental remediation may change from time to time as new information about previously untested sites becomes known, environmental laws and regulations evolve and advances are made in environmental remediation technology. The accruals may also vary as the courts decide legal proceedings against outside parties responsible for contamination. These potential charges, which cannot be quantified at this time, may materially affect income in the particular period in which a charge is recognized. Costs related to existing, but as yet unknown, or future contamination will be accrued in the period in which they become probable and reasonably estimable. Changes to costs are reflected as changes to “Other long-term liabilities” or “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets and to “Purchased services and other” within operating expenses on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. The amount charged to income in 2018 was $6 million ( 2017 – $5 million ; 2016 – $6 million |
Shareholders' Equity
Shareholders' Equity | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Equity [Abstract] | |
Shareholders' Equity | Authorized and issued share capital The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares, an unlimited number of First Preferred Shares and an unlimited number of Second Preferred Shares. At December 31, 2018 , no First or Second Preferred Shares had been issued. The following table summarizes information related to Common Share balances as at December 31: (number of shares in millions) 2018 2017 2016 Share capital, January 1 144.9 146.3 153.0 CP Common Shares repurchased (4.6 ) (1.9 ) (6.9 ) Shares issued under stock option plan 0.2 0.5 0.2 Share capital, December 31 140.5 144.9 146.3 The change in the “Share capital” balance includes $12 million of stock-based compensation transferred from “Additional paid-in capital” ( 2017 – $12 million ; 2016 – $5 million ). Share repurchase On April 20, 2016, the Company announced the renewal of its normal course issuer bid ("NCIB"), commencing May 2, 2016 to May 1, 2017 , to purchase up to 6.91 million of its outstanding Common Shares for cancellation. The Company completed this NCIB on September 28, 2016. On May 10, 2017, the Company announced a new NCIB, commencing May 15, 2017, to purchase up to 4.38 million Common Shares for cancellation before May 14, 2018 . The Company completed this NCIB on May 10, 2018. On October 19, 2018, the Company announced a new NCIB, commencing October 24, 2018, to purchase up to 5.68 million Common Shares for cancellation before October 23, 2019 . As at December 31, 2018, the Company had purchased 2.19 million Common Shares for $568 million under this NCIB program. All purchases are made in accordance with the respective NCIB at prevalent market prices plus brokerage fees, or such other prices that may be permitted by the Toronto Stock Exchange, with consideration allocated to share capital up to the average carrying amount of the shares, and any excess allocated to "Retained earnings". The following table provides the activities under the share repurchase programs: 2018 2017 2016 Number of Common Shares repurchased (1) 4,683,162 1,888,100 6,910,000 Weighted-average price per share (2) $ 240.68 $ 201.53 $ 175.08 Amount of repurchase (in millions) (2) $ 1,127 $ 381 $ 1,210 (1) Includes shares repurchased but not yet cancelled at year end. (2) |
Pensions and Other Benefits
Pensions and Other Benefits | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | |
Pensions and Other Benefits | The Company has both defined benefit (“DB”) and defined contribution (“DC”) pension plans. At December 31, 2018 , the Canadian pension plans represent nearly all of total combined pension plan assets and nearly all of total combined pension plan obligations. The DB plans provide for pensions based principally on years of service and compensation rates near retirement. Pensions for Canadian pensioners are partially indexed to inflation. Annual employer contributions to the DB plans, which are actuarially determined, are made on the basis of being not less than the minimum amounts required by federal pension supervisory authorities. The Company has other benefit plans including post-retirement health and life insurance for pensioners, and post-employment long-term disability and workers’ compensation benefits, which are based on Company-specific claims. At December 31, 2018 , the Canadian other benefits plans represent nearly all of total combined other plan obligations. The Finance Committee of the Board of Directors has approved an investment policy that establishes long-term asset mix targets which take into account the Company’s expected risk tolerances. Pension plan assets are managed by a suite of independent investment managers, with the allocation by manager reflecting these asset mix targets. Most of the assets are actively managed with the objective of outperforming applicable benchmarks. In accordance with the investment policy, derivative instruments may be used by investment managers to hedge or adjust existing or anticipated exposures. To develop the expected long-term rate of return assumption used in the calculation of net periodic benefit cost applicable to the market-related value of plan assets, the Company considers the expected composition of the plans’ assets, past experience and future estimates of long-term investment returns. Future estimates of investment returns reflect the long-term return expectation for fixed income, public equity, real estate, infrastructure, private debt and absolute return investments and the expected added value (relative to applicable benchmark indices) from active management of pension fund assets. The Company has elected to use a market-related value of assets for the purpose of calculating net periodic benefit cost, developed from a five years average of market values for the plans’ public equity and absolute return investments (with each prior year’s market value adjusted to the current date for assumed investment income during the intervening period) plus the market value of the plans’ fixed income, real estate, infrastructure and private debt securities. The benefit obligation is discounted using a discount rate that is a blended yield to maturity for a hypothetical portfolio of high-quality corporate debt instruments with cash flows matching projected benefit payments. The discount rate is determined by management. Net periodic benefit cost The elements of net periodic benefit cost for DB pension plans and other benefits recognized in the year include the following components: Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 Current service cost (benefits earned by employees) $ 120 $ 103 $ 106 $ 12 $ 12 $ 11 Other components of net periodic benefit cost (recovery): Interest cost on benefit obligation 438 451 467 19 20 21 Expected return on fund assets (955 ) (893 ) (846 ) — — — Recognized net actuarial loss 114 153 190 2 (1 ) 7 Amortization of prior service costs (2 ) (5 ) (7 ) — 1 1 Total other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost (405 ) (294 ) (196 ) 21 20 29 Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost $ (285 ) $ (191 ) $ (90 ) $ 33 $ 32 $ 40 Projected benefit obligation, fund assets, and funded status Information about the Company’s DB pension plans and other benefits, in aggregate, is as follows: Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Change in projected benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at January 1 $ 11,679 $ 11,399 $ 518 $ 510 Current service cost 120 103 12 12 Interest cost 438 451 19 20 Employee contributions 47 44 1 1 Benefits paid (640 ) (648 ) (33 ) (35 ) Foreign currency changes 20 (15 ) 2 (3 ) Plan amendments and other — 1 — — Actuarial (gain) loss (292 ) 344 (18 ) 13 Projected benefit obligation at December 31 $ 11,372 $ 11,679 $ 501 $ 518 Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Change in fund assets: Fair value of fund assets at January 1 $ 12,808 $ 12,196 $ 4 $ 5 Actual return on fund assets 82 1,183 — (1 ) Employer contributions 36 46 32 34 Employee contributions 47 44 1 1 Benefits paid (640 ) (648 ) (33 ) (35 ) Foreign currency changes 16 (13 ) — — Fair value of fund assets at December 31 $ 12,349 $ 12,808 $ 4 $ 4 Funded status - plan surplus (deficit) $ 977 $ 1,129 $ (497 ) $ (514 ) 2018 2017 (in millions of Canadian dollars) Pension Pension Pension Pension Projected benefit obligation at December 31 $ (10,884 ) $ (488 ) $ (11,174 ) $ (505 ) Fair value of fund assets at December 31 12,127 222 12,581 227 Funded Status $ 1,243 $ (266 ) $ 1,407 $ (278 ) All Other benefits plans were in a deficit position at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . Pension asset and liabilities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets Amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows: Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Pension asset $ 1,243 $ 1,407 $ — $ — Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (11 ) (10 ) (34 ) (33 ) Pension and other benefit liabilities (255 ) (268 ) (463 ) (481 ) Total amount recognized $ 977 $ 1,129 $ (497 ) $ (514 ) The defined benefit pension plans’ accumulated benefit obligation as at December 31, 2018 was $10,981 million ( 2017 – $11,273 million ). The accumulated benefit obligation is calculated on a basis similar to the projected benefit obligation, except no future salary increases are assumed in the projection of future benefits. The measurement date used to determine the plan assets and the accrued benefit obligation is December 31 . The most recent actuarial valuation for pension funding purposes for the Company’s main Canadian pension plan was performed as at January 1, 2018. During 2019 , the Company expects to file with the pension regulator a new valuation performed as at January 1, 2019. Accumulated other comprehensive loss Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows: Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Net actuarial loss: Other than deferred investment gains $ 2,233 $ 2,555 $ 61 $ 81 Deferred investment gains 611 (178 ) — — Prior service cost — (2 ) 2 2 Deferred income tax (797 ) (676 ) (16 ) (21 ) Total (Note 8) $ 2,047 $ 1,699 $ 47 $ 62 The unamortized actuarial loss and the unamortized prior service cost included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” that are expected to be recognized in net periodic benefit cost during 2019 are a cost of $82 million and a recovery of $1 million , respectively, for pensions and costs of $2 million and $1 million , respectively, for other post-retirement benefits. Actuarial assumptions Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used were approximately: (percentages) 2018 2017 2016 Benefit obligation at December 31: Discount rate 4.01 3.80 4.02 Projected future salary increases 2.75 2.75 2.75 Health care cost trend rate 6.00 (1) 7.00 (2) 7.00 (2) Benefit cost for year ended December 31: Discount rate 3.80 4.02 4.22 Expected rate of return on fund assets (4) 7.75 7.75 7.75 Projected future salary increases 2.75 2.75 3.00 Health care cost trend rate 7.00 (2) 7.00 (2) 7.00 (3) (1) The health care cost trend rate is assumed to be 6.00% in 2019, and then decreasing by 0.50% per year to an ultimate rate of 5.00% per year in 2021 and thereafter. (2) The health care cost trend rate was previously assumed to be 7.00% in 2017 and 2018, and then decreasing by 0.50% per year to an ultimate rate of 5.00% per year in 2022 and thereafter. (3) The health care cost trend rate was previously assumed to be 6.50% in 2017 ( 7.00% in 2016 and 2015), and then decreasing by 0.50% per year to an ultimate rate of 5.00% per year in 2020 and thereafter. (4) The expected rate of return on fund assets that will be used to compute the 2019 net periodic benefit credit is 7.50% . Assumed health care cost trend rates affect the amounts reported for the health care plans. A one-percentage-point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rate would increase the post-retirement benefit obligation by $5 million , and a one-percentage-point decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate would decrease the post-retirement benefit obligation by $5 million . A one-percentage-point increase or decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate would have no material effect on the total of service and interest costs. Plan assets Plan assets are recorded at fair value. The major asset categories are public equity securities, fixed income securities, real estate, infrastructure, absolute return investments and private debt. The fair values of the public equity and fixed income securities are primarily based on quoted market prices. Real estate values are based on appraisals performed by external parties, taking into account current market conditions and recent sales transactions where practical and appropriate. Infrastructure values are based on the value of each fund’s assets as calculated by the fund manager, generally using a discounted cash flow analysis that takes into account current market conditions and recent sales transactions where practical and appropriate. Private debt values are based on the value of each fund’s assets as calculated by the fund manager taking into account current market conditions and reviewed annually by external parties. Absolute return investments are a portfolio of units of externally managed hedge funds and are valued by the fund administrators. In December 2018, the Finance Committee of the Board of Directors has approved a new Statement of Investment Policies and Procedures for the Canadian DB plan. The Company’s pension plan asset allocation, the weighted average asset allocation targets and the weighted average policy range for each major asset class at year end, were as follows: Asset allocation Policy Percentage of plan assets Asset allocation (percentage) 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 Cash and cash equivalents 1.2 0.5 0 – 10 0 – 5 1.1 1.4 Fixed income 24.1 29.5 20 – 40 20 – 40 25.6 26.1 Public equity 45.1 46.0 35 – 55 35 – 55 50.2 53.3 Real estate and infrastructure 9.8 12.0 4 – 13 4 – 20 7.7 6.2 Private debt 9.8 — 4 – 13 — 1.3 — Absolute return 10.0 12.0 4 – 13 0 – 18 14.1 13.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Summary of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans The following is a summary of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no plan assets classified as Level 3 valued investments. Assets Measured at Fair Value Investments measured at NAV (1) Total Plan Assets (in millions of Canadian dollars) Quoted prices in Significant other December 31, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 127 $ 12 $ — $ 139 Fixed income • Government bonds (2) 101 1,281 — 1,382 • Corporate bonds (2) 128 1,606 — 1,734 • Mortgages (3) 41 — — 41 Public equities • Canada 1,287 — — 1,287 • U.S. and international 4,892 24 — 4,916 Real estate (4) — — 697 697 Infrastructure (5) — — 259 259 Private Debt (6) — — 162 162 Derivative instruments (7) — (7 ) — (7 ) Absolute return (8) • Funds of hedge funds — — 1,189 1,189 • Multi-strategy funds — — 286 286 • Credit funds — — 32 32 • Equity funds — — 232 232 $ 6,576 $ 2,916 $ 2,857 $ 12,349 December 31, 2017 Cash and cash equivalents $ 165 $ 11 $ — $ 176 Fixed income • Government bonds (2) — 2,087 — 2,087 • Corporate bonds (2) — 1,215 — 1,215 • Mortgages (3) — 45 — 45 Public equities • Canada 1,467 62 — 1,529 • U.S. and international 5,254 42 — 5,296 Real estate (4) — — 622 622 Infrastructure (5) — — 176 176 Absolute return (8) • Funds of hedge funds — — 681 681 • Multi-strategy funds — — 515 515 • Credit funds — — 252 252 • Equity funds — — 214 214 $ 6,886 $ 3,462 $ 2,460 $ 12,808 (1) Investments measured at net asset value ("NAV"): Amounts are comprised of certain investments measured using NAV (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. These investments have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. (2) Government & Corporate Bonds: Fair values for bonds are based on market prices supplied by independent sources as of the last trading day. (3) Mortgages: The fair values of mortgages are based on current market yields of financial instruments of similar maturity, coupon and risk factors. (4) Real estate: Real estate fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in real estate investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plan’s ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $583 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2017 – $542 million ). The remaining $114 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the liquidation of the underlying real estate investments (2017 – $80 million ). As at December 31, 2018 , there are $38 million of unfunded commitments for real estate investments (December 31, 2017 – $53 million ). (5) Infrastructure: Infrastructure fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in infrastructure investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $130 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2017 - $nil). The remaining $129 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the liquidation of the underlying infrastructure investments (2017 - $176 million ). It was estimated that the investments in these funds will be liquidated over the weighted-average period of approximately one year. (6) Private debt: Private debt fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in private debt investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. The funds are subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days. As at December 31, 2018 , there are $608 million of unfunded commitments for private debt investments (December 31, 2017 – $nil). (7) Derivatives: The investment managers may utilize the following derivative instruments: equity futures to replicate equity index returns (Level 2); currency forwards to partially hedge foreign currency exposures (Level 2); bond forwards to reduce asset/liability interest rate risk exposures (Level 2); interest rate swaps to manage duration and interest rate risk (Level 2); credit default swaps to manage credit risk (Level 2); and options to manage interest rate risk and volatility (Level 2). The Company may utilize derivatives directly, but only for the purpose of hedging foreign currency exposures. As at December 31, 2018 , there are currency forwards with a notional value of $1,226 million and a negative fair value of $7 million (December 31, 2017 – $nil). (8) Absolute return: The value of absolute return fund investments is based on the NAV reported by the fund administrators. The funds have different redemption policies and periods. The funds have different redemption policies with redemption notice periods varying from 60 to 95 days and frequencies ranging from monthly to triennially. Portion of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) During 2017 the portion of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) changed as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Real Estate As at January 1, 2017 $ 437 Disbursements (43 ) Net realized gains 7 Decrease in net unrealized gains (7 ) Net transfers (out of) Level 3 (394 ) As at December 31, 2017 $ — Additional plan assets information The Company's primary investment objective for pension plan assets is to achieve a long–term return, net of all fees and expenses, that is sufficient for the plan's assets to satisfy the current and future obligations to plan beneficiaries, while minimizing the financial impact on the Company. In identifying the asset allocation ranges, consideration was given to the long-term nature of the underlying plan liabilities, the solvency and going-concern financial position of the plan, long-term return expectations and the risks associated with key asset classes as well as the relationships of returns on key asset classes with each other, inflation and interest rates. When advantageous and with due consideration, derivative instruments may be utilized by investment managers, provided the total value of the underlying assets represented by financial derivatives, excluding currency forwards and derivatives held by absolute return funds, is limited to 30% of the market value of the fund. When investing in foreign securities, the plans are exposed to foreign currency risk; the effect of which is included in the valuation of the foreign securities. At December 31, 2018 , the plans were 33% exposed to the U.S. dollar net of currency forwards ( 43% excluding the currency forwards), 4% exposed to the Euro, and 13% exposed to various other currencies. At December 31, 2018 , fund assets consisted primarily of listed stocks and bonds, including 86,084 of the Common Shares ( 2017 – 107,330 ) at a market value of $21 million ( 2017 – $25 million ) and Unsecured Notes issued by the Company at a par value of $1 million ( 2017 – $1 million ) and a market value of $1 million ( 2017 – $1 million ). Estimated future benefit payments The estimated future defined benefit pension and other benefit payments to be paid by the plans for each of the next five years and the subsequent five-year period are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Pensions Other benefits 2019 $ 624 $ 34 2020 628 32 2021 632 31 2022 636 30 2023 640 30 2024 – 2028 3,246 144 The benefit payments from the Canadian registered and U.S. qualified DB pension plans are payable from their respective pension funds. Benefit payments from the supplemental pension plan and from the other benefits plans are payable directly from the Company. Defined contribution plan Canadian non-unionized employees hired prior to July 1, 2010 had the option to participate in the Canadian DC plan. All Canadian non-unionized employees hired after such date must participate in this plan. Employee contributions are based on a percentage of salary. The Company matches employee contributions to a maximum percentage each year. Effective July 1, 2010, a new U.S. DC plan was established. All U.S. non-unionized employees hired after such date must participate in this plan. Employees do not contribute to the plan. The Company annually contributes a percentage of salary. The DC plans provide a pension based on total employee, where appropriate, and employer contributions plus investment income earned on those contributions. In 2018 , the net cost of the DC plans, which generally equals the employer’s required contribution, was $10 million ( 2017 – $9 million ; 2016 – $9 million ). Contributions to multi-employer plans Some of the Company’s unionized employees in the U.S. are members of a U.S. national multi-employer benefit plan. Contributions made by the Company to this plan in 2018 in respect of post-retirement medical benefits were $3 million ( 2017 – $5 million ; 2016 – $4 million |
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | |
Stock-Based Compensation | At December 31, 2018 , the Company had several stock-based compensation plans, including a stock option plan, various cash settled liability plans and an employee share purchase plan. These plans resulted in an expense in 2018 of $75 million ( 2017 – $35 million ; 2016 – $51 million ). Effective January 31, 2017, Mr. E. Hunter Harrison resigned from all positions held by him at the Company, including as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company. In connection with Mr. Harrison’s resignation, the Company entered into a separation agreement with Mr. Harrison. Under the terms of the separation agreement, the Company agreed to a limited waiver of Mr. Harrison’s non-competition and non-solicitation obligations. Effective January 31, 2017, pursuant to the separation agreement, Mr. Harrison forfeited certain pension and post-retirement benefits and agreed to the surrender for cancellation of 22,514 performance share units ("PSU"), 68,612 deferred share units ("DSU"), and 752,145 stock options. As a result of this agreement, the Company recognized a recovery of $51 million in "Compensation and benefits" in the first quarter of 2017. Of this amount, $27 million related to a recovery from cancellation of certain pension benefits. A. Stock option plan The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option plan as at December 31, 2018 : Options outstanding Non-vested options Number of Weighted Number of Weighted Outstanding, January 1, 2018 1,479,275 $ 150.64 682,927 $ 45.46 Granted 282,125 $ 248.54 282,125 $ 55.63 Exercised (200,552 ) $ 118.86 N/A N/A Vested N/A N/A (226,623 ) $ 46.94 Forfeited (26,650 ) $ 211.80 (24,327 ) $ 47.65 Expired (600 ) $ 71.69 N/A N/A Outstanding, December 31, 2018 1,533,598 $ 176.02 714,102 $ 48.94 Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2018 (1) 1,500,135 $ 174.77 N/A N/A Exercisable, December 31, 2018 819,496 $ 140.54 N/A N/A (1) As at December 31, 2018 , the weighted average remaining term of vested or expected to vest options was 7.0 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $104 million . The following table provides the number of stock options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2018 by range of exercise price and their related intrinsic aggregate value, and for options outstanding, the weighted-average years to expiration. The table also provides the aggregate intrinsic value for in-the-money stock options, which represents the amount that would have been received by option holders had they exercised their options on December 31, 2018 at the Company’s closing stock price of $242.24 . Options outstanding Options exercisable Range of exercise prices Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate Number of Weighted Aggregate $36.29 – $122.76 410,049 3.3 $ 93.51 $ 61 410,049 $ 93.51 $ 61 $122.77 – $200.75 339,686 6.1 $ 164.47 $ 26 232,206 $ 164.49 $ 18 $200.76 – $217.68 388,527 5.1 $ 205.80 $ 14 88,013 $ 207.63 $ 3 $217.69 – $272.92 395,336 6.2 $ 242.25 $ 3 89,228 $ 228.12 $ 1 Total (1) 1,533,598 5.2 $ 176.02 $ 104 819,496 $ 140.54 $ 83 (1) As at December 31, 2018 , the total number of in-the-money stock options outstanding was 1,342,215 with a weighted-average exercise price of $164.62 . The weighted-average years to expiration of exercisable stock options is 4.5 years . Pursuant to the employee plan, options may be exercised upon vesting, which is between 12 months and 48 months after the grant date, and will expire after seven years . Certain stock options granted in 2018 vest upon the achievement of specific performance criteria. Under the fair value method, the fair value of options at the grant date was approximately $16 million for options issued in 2018 ( 2017 – $17 million ; 2016 – $16 million ). The weighted average fair value assumptions were approximately: 2018 2017 2016 Expected option life (years) (1) 5.00 5.48 5.25 Risk-free interest rate (2) 2.22 % 1.85 % 1.21 % Expected stock price volatility (3) 25 % 27 % 27 % Expected annual dividends per share (4) $ 2.3854 $ 2.0010 $ 1.4000 Estimated forfeiture rate (5) 4.7 % 2.8 % 2.0 % Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year $ 55.63 $ 45.78 $ 39.01 (1) Represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding. Historical data on exercise behaviour or, when available, specific expectations regarding future exercise behaviour were used to estimate the expected life of the option. (2) Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent remaining term at the time of the grant. (3) Based on the historical stock price volatility of the Company’s stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the option. (4) Determined by the current annual dividend at the time of grant. The Company does not employ different dividend yields throughout the contractual term of the option. On May 10, 2018, the Company announced an increase in its quarterly dividend to $0.6500 per share, representing $2.6000 on an annual basis. (5) The Company estimates forfeitures based on past experience. The rate is monitored on a periodic basis. In 2018 , the expense for stock options (regular and performance) was $10 million ( 2017 – $3 million ; 2016 – $14 million ). At December 31, 2018 , there was $15 million of total unrecognized compensation related to stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years. The total fair value of shares vested for the stock option plan during 2018 was $11 million ( 2017 – $14 million ; 2016 – $15 million ). The following table provides information related to all options exercised in the stock option plan during the years ended December 31 : (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Total intrinsic value $ 17 $ 36 $ 30 Cash received by the Company upon exercise of options $ 24 $ 45 $ 21 B. Other share-based plans Performance share units plan During 2018 , the Company issued 162,255 PSUs with a grant date fair value of approximately $40 million . These units attract dividend equivalents in the form of additional units based on the dividends paid on the Common Shares. PSUs vest and are settled in cash or in CP Common Shares, approximately 3 years after the grant date, contingent upon CP’s performance (performance factor). The fair value of PSUs is measured periodically until settlement, using a lattice-based valuation model or a Monte Carlo simulation model. The performance period for 125,280 PSUs issued in 2018 was January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, and the performance factors for these PSUs are Return on Invested Capital ("ROIC"), Total Shareholder Return ("TSR") compared to the S&P/TSX Capped Industrial Index, and TSR compared to S&P 1500 Road and Rail Index. The performance factors for the remaining 36,975 PSUs are annual revenue for the fiscal year 2020, diluted EPS for the fiscal year 2020, and share price appreciation. The performance period for PSUs issued in 2017 is January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, and the performance factors for these PSUs are ROIC, TSR compared to the S&P/TSX Capped Industrial index, and TSR compared to S&P 1500 Road and Rail index. The performance period for PSUs issued in 2016 is January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018, and the performance factors for these PSUs are Operating Ratio, ROIC, TSR compared to the S&P/TSX60 index, and TSR compared to Class I railways. The resulting estimated payout was 177% on 117,095 total outstanding awards representing a total fair value of $54 million at December 31, 2018, calculated using the Company's average share price using the last 30 tr ading days preceding December 31, 2018. The performance period for PSUs issued in 2015 was January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. The performance factors for these PSUs were Operating Ratio, ROIC, TSR compared to the S&P/TSX60 index, and TSR compared to Class I railways. The resulting payout was 160% of the outstanding units multiplied by the Company's average share price that was calculated using the last 30 trading days preceding December 31, 2017. In the first quarter of 2018, payouts occurred on the total outstanding awards, including dividends reinvested, totaling $30 million on 82,800 outstanding awards. The following table summarizes information related to the Company’s PSUs as at December 31 : 2018 2017 Outstanding, January 1 334,028 373,593 Granted 162,255 134,991 Units, in lieu of dividends 3,643 3,571 Settled (66,243 ) (133,728 ) Forfeited (38,635 ) (44,399 ) Outstanding, December 31 395,048 334,028 In 2018 , the expense for PSUs was $54 million ( 2017 – $30 million ; 2016 – $29 million ). At December 31, 2018 , there was $29 million of total unrecognized compensation related to PSUs which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.6 years. Deferred share units plan The Company established the DSU plan as a means to compensate and assist in attaining share ownership targets set for certain key employees and Directors. A DSU entitles the holder to receive, upon redemption, a cash payment equivalent to the Company's average share price using the 10 trading days prior to redemption. DSUs vest over various periods of up to 48 months and are only redeemable for a specified period after employment is terminated. Senior managers may elect to receive DSUs in lieu of annual bonus cash payments in the bonus deferral program. In addition, senior managers will be granted a 25% company match of DSUs when deferring cash to DSUs to meet ownership targets. The election to receive eligible payments in DSUs is no longer available to a participant when the value of the participant’s DSUs is sufficient to meet the Company’s stock ownership guidelines. Senior managers have 5 years to meet their ownership targets. An expense for DSUs is recognized over the vesting period for both the initial subscription price and the change in value between reporting periods. The following table summarizes information related to the DSUs as at December 31 : 2018 2017 Outstanding, January 1 156,547 234,036 Granted 16,481 23,932 Units, in lieu of dividends 1,551 1,969 Settled (20,072 ) (33,682 ) Forfeited (1,747 ) (69,708 ) Outstanding, December 31 152,760 156,547 During 2018 , the Company granted 16,481 DSUs with a grant date fair value of approximately $4 million . In 2018 , the expense for DSUs was $4 million ( 2017 – $3 million recovery; 2016 – $2 million expense). At December 31, 2018 , there was $0.6 million of total unrecognized compensation related to DSUs which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.0 years. Summary of share-based liabilities paid The following table summarizes the total share-based liabilities paid for each of the years ended December 31 : (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Plan PSUs $ 30 $ 31 $ 31 DSUs 6 6 17 Other 1 2 — Total $ 37 $ 39 $ 48 C. Employee share purchase plan The Company has an employee share purchase plan whereby both employee and the Company contributions are used to purchase shares on the open market for employees. The Company’s contributions are expensed over the one year vesting period. Under the plan, the Company matches $1 for every $3 contributed by employees up to a maximum employee contribution of 6% of annual salary. The total number of shares purchased in 2018 on behalf of participants, including the Company's contributions, was 118,865 ( 2017 – 130,041 ; 2016 – 140,560 ). In 2018 , the Company’s contributions totalled $6 million ( 2017 – $5 million ; 2016 – $5 million ) and the related expense was $5 million ( 2017 – $4 million ; 2016 – $5 million |
Variable Interest Entities
Variable Interest Entities | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
Variable Interest Entities | The Company leases equipment from certain trusts, which have been determined to be variable interest entities financed by a combination of debt and equity provided by unrelated third parties. The lease agreements, which are classified as operating leases, have fixed price purchase options which create the Company’s variable interests and result in the trusts being considered variable interest entities. Maintaining and operating the leased assets according to specific contractual obligations outlined in the terms of the lease agreements and industry standards is the Company’s responsibility. The rigor of the contractual terms of the lease agreements and industry standards are such that the Company has limited discretion over the maintenance activities associated with these assets. As such, the Company concluded these terms do not provide the Company with the power to direct the activities of the variable interest entities in a way that has a significant impact on the entities’ economic performance. The financial exposure to the Company as a result of its involvement with the variable interest entities is equal to the fixed lease payments due to the trusts. In 2018 , lease payments after tax were $16 million . Future minimum lease payments, before tax, of $169 million will be payable over the next 12 years . The Company does not guarantee the residual value of the assets to the lessor; however, it must deliver to the lessor the assets in good operating condition, subject to normal wear and tear, at the end of the lease term. |
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Commitments and Contingencies | In the normal course of its operations, the Company becomes involved in various legal actions, including claims relating to injuries and damage to property. The Company maintains provisions it considers to be adequate for such actions. While the final outcome with respect to actions outstanding or pending at December 31, 2018 cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations. However, an unexpected adverse resolution of one or more of these legal actions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations in a particular quarter or fiscal year. Commitments At December 31, 2018 , the Company had committed to total future capital expenditures amounting to $586 million and operating expenditures relating to supplier purchase obligations, such as locomotive maintenance and overhaul agreements, as well as agreements to purchase other goods and services amounting to approximately $1.2 billion for the years 2019 – 2032 , of which CP estimates approximately $951 million will be incurred in the next five years. As at December 31, 2018 , the Company’s commitments under operating leases were estimated at $485 million in aggregate, with minimum annual payments in each of the next five years and thereafter as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Operating leases 2019 $ 90 2020 71 2021 55 2022 50 2023 49 Thereafter 170 Total minimum lease payments $ 485 Minimal rental expense for operating leases for the year ended December 31, 2018 was $97 million ( 2017 – $104 million ; 2016 – $111 million ). Legal proceedings related to Lac-Mégantic rail accident On July 6, 2013, a train carrying petroleum crude oil operated by Montreal Maine and Atlantic Railway (“MMAR”) or a subsidiary, Montreal Maine & Atlantic Canada Co. (“MMAC” and collectively the “MMA Group”), derailed in Lac-Mégantic, Québec. The derailment occurred on a section of railway owned and operated by the MMA Group. The previous day, CP had interchanged the train to the MMA Group, and after the interchange, the MMA Group exclusively controlled the train. In the wake of the derailment, MMAC sought court protection in Canada under the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-36 and MMAR filed for bankruptcy in the United States. Plans of arrangement have been approved in both Canada and the U.S. (the “Plans”). These Plans provide for the distribution of a fund of approximately $440 million amongst those claiming derailment damages. A number of legal proceedings, set out below, were commenced after the derailment in Canada and/or in the U.S. against CP and others: (1) Québec's Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment, Wildlife and Parks (the "Minister") ordered various parties, including CP, to clean up the derailment site (the “Cleanup Order”). CP appealed the Cleanup Order to the Administrative Tribunal of Québec (the “TAQ”). The Minister subsequently served a Notice of Claim seeking $95 million for compensation spent on cleanup. CP filed a contestation of the Notice of Claim with the TAQ (the “TAQ Proceeding”). CP and the Minister agreed to stay the TAQ Proceedings pending the outcome of the Province of Québec's action, described in the following paragraph. (2) Québec’s Attorney General sued CP in the Québec Superior Court initially claiming $409 million in damages, which claim was amended and reduced to $315 million (the “Province’s Action”). The Province’s Action alleges that CP exercised custody or control over the petroleum crude oil until its delivery to Irving Oil and, further, that CP was negligent in its custody and control of the petroleum crude oil and is therefore jointly and severally liable with third parties responsible for the derailment and vicariously liable for the acts and omissions of MMAC. (3) A class action in the Québec Superior Court on behalf of persons and entities residing in, owning or leasing property in, operating a business in or physically present in Lac-Mégantic at the time of the derailment (the “Class Action”) was certified against CP, MMAC and the train conductor, Mr. Thomas Harding. The Class Action seeks unquantified damages, including for wrongful death, personal injury, and property damage arising from the derailment. All known wrongful death claimants in the Class Action have opted out and, by court order, cannot re-join the Class Action. (4) Eight subrogated insurers sued CP in the Québec Superior Court initially claiming approximately $16 million in damages, which claim was amended and reduced to $14 million (the “Promutuel Action”). Two additional subrogated insurers sued CP in the Québec Superior Court claiming approximately $3 million in damages (the “Royal Action”). Both Actions contain essentially the same allegations as the Province’s Action. The lawsuits do not identify the parties to which the insurers are subrogated, and therefore the extent to which these claims overlap with the proof of claims process under the Plans is difficult to determine at this stage. The Royal Action has been stayed pending the determination of the consolidated proceedings described below. The Province’s Action, the Class Action and the Promutuel Action have been consolidated and will proceed together through the litigation process in the Québec Superior Court. While each Action will remain a separate legal proceeding, there will be a trial to determine liability issues commencing mid-September 2020, and subsequently, if necessary, a trial to determine damages issues. (5) Forty-eight plaintiffs (all individual claims joined in one action) sued CP, MMAC and Harding in the Québec Superior Court claiming approximately $5 million in damages for economic loss and pain and suffering. These plaintiffs assert essentially the same allegations as those contained in the Class Action and the Province’s Action against CP. The plaintiffs assert they have opted-out of the Class Action. All but two of the plaintiffs were plaintiffs in litigation against CP, described below, that originated in the U.S. who either withdrew their claims or had their case dismissed in the U.S. (6) An adversary proceeding commenced against CP in November 2014 in the Maine Bankruptcy Court by the MMAR U.S. estate representative (“Estate Representative”) accuses CP of failing to abide by certain regulations (the “Adversary Proceeding”). The Estate Representative alleges that CP knew or ought to have known that the shipper had misclassified the petroleum crude oil and therefore should have refused to transport it. The Estate Representative seeks damages for MMAR’s business value (as yet unquantified) allegedly destroyed by the derailment. (7) A class action and mass tort action on behalf of Lac-Mégantic residents and wrongful death representatives commenced in Texas in June 2015 and wrongful death and personal injury actions commenced in Illinois and Maine in June 2015 against CP were all removed and subsequently transferred and consolidated in Federal District Court in Maine (the “Maine Actions”). The Maine Actions allege that CP negligently misclassified and mis-packaged the petroleum crude oil being shipped. On CP’s motion, the Maine Actions were dismissed by the Court on several grounds. The plaintiffs are appealing the dismissal decision. (8) The Trustee (“WD Trustee”) for the wrongful death trust (“WD Trust”), as defined and established by the Estate Representative under the Plans, asserts Carmack Amendment claims against CP in North Dakota federal court (the “Carmack Claims”). The WD Trustee seeks to recover approximately $6 million for damaged rail cars and lost crude and recover the settlement amounts the consignor and the consignee paid to the bankruptcy estates, alleged to be $110 million and $60 million , respectively. On CP’s motion, the District Court in North Dakota dismissed the Carmack Claims on timeliness grounds, but the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals ("8CCA") reversed that decision. CP sought reconsideration by the 8CCA. That appeal was dismissed. CP will be seeking judicial review of this decision with the Supreme Court in February 2019. Failing this judicial review, CP will seek dismissal of the Carmack Claims on various other grounds. |
Guarantees
Guarantees | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Guarantees [Abstract] | |
Guarantees | In the normal course of operating the railway, the Company enters into contractual arrangements that involve providing certain guarantees, which extend over the term of the contracts. These guarantees include, but are not limited to: • residual value guarantees on operating lease commitments of $2 million at December 31, 2018 ; • guarantees to pay other parties in the event of the occurrence of specified events, including damage to equipment, in relation to assets used in the operation of the railway through operating leases, rental agreements, easements, trackage, and interline agreements; and • indemnifications of certain tax-related payments incurred by lessors and lenders. The maximum amount that could be payable under these guarantees, excluding residual value guarantees, cannot be reasonably estimated due to the nature of certain of these guarantees. All or a portion of amounts paid under guarantees to other parties in the event of the occurrence of specified events could be recoverable from other parties or through insurance. The Company has accrued for all guarantees that it expects to pay. At December 31, 2018 , these accruals amounted to $10 million ( 2017 – $9 million ), and are recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities". Indemnifications Pursuant to a trust and custodial services agreement with the trustee of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company Pension Plan, the Company has undertaken to indemnify and save harmless the trustee, to the extent not paid by the fund, from any and all taxes, claims, liabilities, damages, costs, and expenses arising out of the performance of the trustee’s obligations under the agreement, except as a result of misconduct by the trustee. The indemnity includes liabilities, costs, or expenses relating to any legal reporting or notification obligations of the trustee with respect to the defined benefit and defined contribution options of the pension plans, or otherwise with respect to the assets of the pension plans that are not part of the fund. The indemnity survives the termination or expiry of the agreement with respect to claims and liabilities arising prior to the termination or expiry. At December 31, 2018 |
Segmented and Geographic Inform
Segmented and Geographic Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
Segmented and Geographical Information | Operating segment The Company operates in only one operating segment: rail transportation. Operating results by geographic areas, railway corridors or other lower-level components or units of operation are not reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision-maker to make decisions about the allocation of resources to, or the assessment of performance of, such geographic areas, corridors, components or units of operation. In the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , no one customer comprised more than 10% of total revenues and accounts receivable. Geographic information (in millions of Canadian dollars) Canada United States Total 2018 Revenues $ 5,232 $ 2,084 $ 7,316 Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets $ 12,133 $ 6,759 $ 18,892 2017 Revenues (1) $ 4,667 $ 1,887 $ 6,554 Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets $ 11,505 $ 5,947 $ 17,452 2016 Revenues (1) $ 4,473 $ 1,759 $ 6,232 Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets $ 11,000 $ 6,121 $ 17,121 (1) |
Selected Quarterly Data (Unaudi
Selected Quarterly Data (Unaudited) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Selected Quarterly Data (Unaudited) | For the quarter ended 2018 2017 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except per share data) Dec. 31 Sep. 30 Jun. 30 Mar. 31 Dec. 31 Sep. 30 Jun. 30 Mar. 31 Total revenues $ 2,006 $ 1,898 $ 1,750 $ 1,662 $ 1,713 $ 1,595 $ 1,643 $ 1,603 Operating income (1) 874 790 627 540 682 622 611 604 Net income 545 622 436 348 984 510 480 431 Basic earnings per share (2) $ 3.84 $ 4.36 $ 3.05 $ 2.41 $ 6.79 $ 3.50 $ 3.28 $ 2.94 Diluted earnings per share (2) 3.83 4.35 3.04 2.41 6.77 3.50 3.27 2.93 (1) Comparative period figures have been restated for the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, discussed further in this Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 2 Accounting changes. (2) |
Condensed Consolidating Financi
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information | Canadian Pacific Railway Company, a 100%-owned subsidiary of CPRL, is the issuer of certain debt securities, which are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by CPRL. The following tables present condensed consolidating financial information (“CCFI”) in accordance with Rule 3-10(c) of Regulation S-X. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for under the equity method when presenting the CCFI. YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Revenues Freight $ — $ 5,098 $ 2,054 $ — $ 7,152 Non-freight — 120 361 (317 ) 164 Total revenues — 5,218 2,415 (317 ) 7,316 Operating expenses Compensation and benefits — 996 466 6 1,468 Fuel — 716 202 — 918 Materials — 139 49 13 201 Equipment rents — 137 (7 ) — 130 Depreciation and amortization — 424 272 — 696 Purchased services and other — 886 522 (336 ) 1,072 Total operating expenses — 3,298 1,504 (317 ) 4,485 Operating income — 1,920 911 — 2,831 Less: Other expense (income) 19 193 (38 ) — 174 Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost — (386 ) 2 — (384 ) Net interest expense (income) 3 478 (28 ) — 453 (Loss) income before income tax (recovery) expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries (22 ) 1,635 975 — 2,588 Less: Income tax (recovery) expense (4 ) 469 172 — 637 Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 1,969 803 — (2,772 ) — Net income $ 1,951 $ 1,969 $ 803 $ (2,772 ) $ 1,951 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Revenues Freight $ — $ 4,516 $ 1,859 $ — $ 6,375 Non-freight — 140 372 (333 ) 179 Total revenues — 4,656 2,231 (333 ) 6,554 Operating expenses Compensation and benefits — 879 423 7 1,309 Fuel — 522 155 — 677 Materials — 134 41 15 190 Equipment rents — 143 (1 ) — 142 Depreciation and amortization — 400 261 — 661 Purchased services and other — 826 585 (355 ) 1,056 Total operating expenses — 2,904 1,464 (333 ) 4,035 Operating income — 1,752 767 — 2,519 Less: Other (income) expense (33 ) (149 ) 4 — (178 ) Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost — (278 ) 4 — (274 ) Net interest (income) expense (12 ) 517 (32 ) — 473 Income before income tax expense (recovery) and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 45 1,662 791 — 2,498 Less: Income tax expense (recovery) 7 475 (389 ) — 93 Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 2,367 1,180 — (3,547 ) — Net income $ 2,405 $ 2,367 $ 1,180 $ (3,547 ) $ 2,405 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Revenues Freight $ — $ 4,332 $ 1,728 $ — $ 6,060 Non-freight — 134 386 (348 ) 172 Total revenues — 4,466 2,114 (348 ) 6,232 Operating expenses Compensation and benefits — 923 427 6 1,356 Fuel — 458 109 — 567 Materials — 130 32 18 180 Equipment rents — 204 (31 ) — 173 Depreciation and amortization — 422 218 — 640 Purchased services and other — 673 604 (372 ) 905 Total operating expenses — 2,810 1,359 (348 ) 3,821 Operating income — 1,656 755 — 2,411 Less: Other (income) expense (40 ) (34 ) 29 — (45 ) Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost — (174 ) 7 — (167 ) Net interest expense (income) 1 493 (23 ) — 471 Income before income tax expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 39 1,371 742 — 2,152 Less: Income tax expense 6 337 210 — 553 Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 1,566 532 — (2,098 ) — Net income $ 1,599 $ 1,566 $ 532 $ (2,098 ) $ 1,599 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Net income $ 1,951 $ 1,969 $ 803 $ (2,772 ) $ 1,951 Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities — (479 ) 419 — (60 ) Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges — 38 — — 38 Change in pension and post-retirement defined — (455 ) 6 — (449 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes — (896 ) 425 — (471 ) Income tax recovery (expense) on above items — 171 (2 ) — 169 Equity accounted investments (302 ) 423 — (121 ) — Other comprehensive (loss) income (302 ) (302 ) 423 (121 ) (302 ) Comprehensive income $ 1,649 $ 1,667 $ 1,226 $ (2,893 ) $ 1,649 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Net income $ 2,405 $ 2,367 $ 1,180 $ (3,547 ) $ 2,405 Net gain (loss) in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities — 318 (294 ) — 24 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges — 19 — — 19 Change in pension and post-retirement defined — 82 (2 ) — 80 Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes — 419 (296 ) — 123 Income tax (expense) recovery on above items — (66 ) 1 — (65 ) Equity accounted investments 58 (295 ) — 237 — Other comprehensive income (loss) 58 58 (295 ) 237 58 Comprehensive income $ 2,463 $ 2,425 $ 885 $ (3,310 ) $ 2,463 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Net income $ 1,599 $ 1,566 $ 532 $ (2,098 ) $ 1,599 Net gain (loss) in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities — 149 (131 ) — 18 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges — (2 ) — — (2 ) Change in pension and post-retirement defined — (443 ) 9 — (434 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes — (296 ) (122 ) — (418 ) Income tax recovery (expense) on above items — 99 (3 ) — 96 Equity accounted investments (322 ) (125 ) — 447 — Other comprehensive loss (322 ) (322 ) (125 ) 447 (322 ) Comprehensive income $ 1,277 $ 1,244 $ 407 $ (1,651 ) $ 1,277 AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2018 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ — $ 42 $ 19 $ — $ 61 Accounts receivable, net — 629 186 — 815 Accounts receivable, intercompany 125 167 224 (516 ) — Short-term advances to affiliates — 1,602 4,651 (6,253 ) — Materials and supplies — 136 37 — 173 Other current assets — 39 29 — 68 125 2,615 5,146 (6,769 ) 1,117 Long-term advances to affiliates 1,090 5 93 (1,188 ) — Investments — 24 179 — 203 Investments in subsidiaries 11,443 12,003 — (23,446 ) — Properties — 9,579 8,839 — 18,418 Goodwill and intangible assets — — 202 — 202 Pension asset — 1,243 — — 1,243 Other assets — 57 14 — 71 Deferred income taxes 6 — — (6 ) — Total assets $ 12,664 $ 25,526 $ 14,473 $ (31,409 ) $ 21,254 Liabilities and shareholders’ equity Current liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 115 $ 1,017 $ 317 $ — $ 1,449 Accounts payable, intercompany 4 344 168 (516 ) — Short-term advances from affiliates 5,909 341 3 (6,253 ) — Long-term debt maturing within one year — 506 — — 506 6,028 2,208 488 (6,769 ) 1,955 Pension and other benefit liabilities — 639 79 — 718 Long-term advances from affiliates — 1,182 6 (1,188 ) — Other long-term liabilities — 120 117 — 237 Long-term debt — 8,135 55 — 8,190 Deferred income taxes — 1,799 1,725 (6 ) 3,518 Total liabilities 6,028 14,083 2,470 (7,963 ) 14,618 Shareholders’ equity Share capital 2,002 538 5,946 (6,484 ) 2,002 Additional paid-in capital 42 1,656 92 (1,748 ) 42 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (2,043 ) (2,043 ) 839 1,204 (2,043 ) Retained earnings 6,635 11,292 5,126 (16,418 ) 6,635 6,636 11,443 12,003 (23,446 ) 6,636 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 12,664 $ 25,526 $ 14,473 $ (31,409 ) $ 21,254 AS AT DECEMBER 31, 2017 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ — $ 241 $ 97 $ — $ 338 Accounts receivable, net — 508 179 — 687 Accounts receivable, intercompany 97 153 215 (465 ) — Short-term advances to affiliates 500 1,004 4,996 (6,500 ) — Materials and supplies — 120 32 — 152 Other current assets — 31 66 — 97 597 2,057 5,585 (6,965 ) 1,274 Long-term advances to affiliates 590 — 410 (1,000 ) — Investments — 27 155 — 182 Investments in subsidiaries 10,623 12,122 — (22,745 ) — Properties — 8,982 8,034 — 17,016 Goodwill and intangible assets — — 187 — 187 Pension asset — 1,407 — — 1,407 Other assets — 56 13 — 69 Deferred income taxes 3 — — (3 ) — Total assets $ 11,813 $ 24,651 $ 14,384 $ (30,713 ) $ 20,135 Liabilities and shareholders’ equity Current liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 82 $ 844 $ 312 $ — $ 1,238 Accounts payable, intercompany 3 309 153 (465 ) — Short-term advances from affiliates 5,291 1,185 24 (6,500 ) — Long-term debt maturing within one year — 746 — — 746 5,376 3,084 489 (6,965 ) 1,984 Pension and other benefit liabilities — 672 77 — 749 Long-term advances from affiliates — 1,000 — (1,000 ) — Other long-term liabilities — 108 123 — 231 Long-term debt — 7,362 51 — 7,413 Deferred income taxes — 1,802 1,522 (3 ) 3,321 Total liabilities 5,376 14,028 2,262 (7,968 ) 13,698 Shareholders’ equity Share capital 2,032 1,037 6,730 (7,767 ) 2,032 Additional paid-in capital 43 1,643 259 (1,902 ) 43 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (1,741 ) (1,742 ) 417 1,325 (1,741 ) Retained earnings 6,103 9,685 4,716 (14,401 ) 6,103 6,437 10,623 12,122 (22,745 ) 6,437 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 11,813 $ 24,651 $ 14,384 $ (30,713 ) $ 20,135 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Cash provided by operating activities $ 316 $ 1,968 $ 1,128 $ (700 ) $ 2,712 Investing activities Additions to properties — (971 ) (580 ) — (1,551 ) Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets — 35 43 — 78 Advances to affiliates — (611 ) (209 ) 820 — Repayment of advances to affiliates — — 866 (866 ) — Repurchase of share capital from affiliates 500 964 — (1,464 ) — Other — 18 (3 ) — 15 Cash provided by (used in) investing activities 500 (565 ) 117 (1,510 ) (1,458 ) Financing activities Dividends paid (348 ) (348 ) (352 ) 700 (348 ) Return of share capital to affiliates — (500 ) (964 ) 1,464 — Issuance of CP Common Shares 24 — — — 24 Purchase of CP Common Shares (1,103 ) — — — (1,103 ) Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper — 638 — — 638 Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper — (753 ) — — (753 ) Advances from affiliates 820 — — (820 ) — Repayment of advances from affiliates (209 ) (657 ) — 866 — Cash used in financing activities (816 ) (1,620 ) (1,316 ) 2,210 (1,542 ) Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents — 18 (7 ) — 11 Cash position Decrease in cash and cash equivalents — (199 ) (78 ) — (277 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year — 241 97 — 338 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ — $ 42 $ 19 $ — $ 61 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Cash provided by operating activities $ 338 $ 1,334 $ 989 $ (479 ) $ 2,182 Investing activities Additions to properties — (950 ) (390 ) — (1,340 ) Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets — 29 13 — 42 Advances to affiliates (590 ) (550 ) (1,528 ) 2,668 — Repayment of advances to affiliates — 242 243 (485 ) — Capital contributions to affiliates — (1,039 ) — 1,039 — Repurchase of share capital from affiliates — 156 — (156 ) — Other — 5 (2 ) — 3 Cash used in investing activities (590 ) (2,107 ) (1,664 ) 3,066 (1,295 ) Financing activities Dividends paid (310 ) (310 ) (169 ) 479 (310 ) Issuance of share capital — — 1,039 (1,039 ) — Return of share capital to affiliates — — (156 ) 156 — Issuance of CP Common Shares 45 — — — 45 Purchase of CP Common Shares (381 ) — — — (381 ) Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper — (32 ) — — (32 ) Advances from affiliates 1,383 1,285 — (2,668 ) — Repayment of advances from affiliates (485 ) — — 485 — Settlement of forward starting swaps — (22 ) — — (22 ) Cash provided by (used in) financing activities 252 921 714 (2,587 ) (700 ) Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents — (7 ) (6 ) — (13 ) Cash position Increase in cash and cash equivalents — 141 33 — 174 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year — 100 64 — 164 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ — $ 241 $ 97 $ — $ 338 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Cash provided by operating activities $ 255 $ 1,424 $ 879 $ (469 ) $ 2,089 Investing activities Additions to properties — (728 ) (454 ) — (1,182 ) Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets — 102 14 — 116 Advances to affiliates — (664 ) (539 ) 1,203 — Repayment of advances to affiliates — 222 — (222 ) — Capital contributions to affiliates — (472 ) — 472 — Repurchase of share capital from affiliates — 8 — (8 ) — Other — — (3 ) — (3 ) Cash used in investing activities — (1,532 ) (982 ) 1,445 (1,069 ) Financing activities Dividends paid (255 ) (255 ) (214 ) 469 (255 ) Issuance of share capital — — 472 (472 ) — Return of share capital to affiliates — — (8 ) 8 — Issuance of CP Common Shares 21 — — — 21 Purchase of CP Common Shares (1,210 ) — — — (1,210 ) Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper — (24 ) (14 ) — (38 ) Net repayment of commercial paper — (8 ) — — (8 ) Advances from affiliates 1,189 — 14 (1,203 ) — Repayment of advances from affiliates — — (222 ) 222 — Other — (3 ) — — (3 ) Cash (used in) provided by financing activities (255 ) (290 ) 28 (976 ) (1,493 ) Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents — (4 ) (9 ) — (13 ) Cash position Decrease in cash and cash equivalents — (402 ) (84 ) — (486 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year — 502 148 — 650 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ — $ 100 $ 64 $ — $ 164 |
Schedule II - Valuation and Qua
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract] | |
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (in millions of Canadian dollars) Beginning balance at January 1 Additions charged to expenses Payments and other reductions Impact of FX Ending Accruals for personal injury, damage and other claims provision (1) 2016 $ 133 $ 67 $ (71 ) $ 1 $ 130 2017 $ 130 $ 66 $ (77 ) $ (1 ) $ 118 2018 $ 118 $ 93 $ (60 ) $ 1 $ 152 Environmental liabilities 2016 $ 93 $ 6 $ (12 ) $ (2 ) $ 85 2017 $ 85 $ 5 $ (8 ) $ (4 ) $ 78 2018 $ 78 $ 6 $ (7 ) $ 5 $ 82 (1) Includes WCB, FELA, occupational, damage and other claims. |
Summary of Significant Accoun_2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
Basis of Accounting, US GAAP | These Consolidated Financial Statements are expressed in Canadian dollars and have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. |
Principles of consolidation | These Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CP and all its subsidiaries. The Company’s investments in which it has significant influence are accounted for using the equity method. Distributions received from equity method investees are classified using the nature of the distribution approach for cash flow presentation purposes, whereby distributions received are classified based on the nature of the activity or activities of the investee that generated the distribution as either a return on investment (classified as a cash inflow from operating activities) or a return of investment (classified as a cash inflow from investing activities). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. |
Use of estimates | The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the year, the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Management regularly reviews its estimates, including those related to environmental liabilities, pensions and other benefits, depreciable lives of properties, deferred income tax assets and liabilities, as well as legal and personal injury liabilities based upon currently available information. Actual results could differ from these estimates. |
Principal subsidiaries | The following list sets out CPRL’s principal railway operating subsidiaries, including the jurisdiction of incorporation. All of these subsidiaries are wholly owned, directly or indirectly, by CPRL as at December 31, 2018 . Principal subsidiary Incorporated under the laws of Canadian Pacific Railway Company Canada Soo Line Railroad Company (“Soo Line”) Minnesota Delaware and Hudson Railway Company, Inc. (“D&H”) Delaware Dakota, Minnesota & Eastern Railroad Corporation (“DM&E”) Delaware Mount Stephen Properties Inc. (“MSP”) Canada |
Revenue recognition | Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing services. Government imposed taxes that the Company collects concurrent with revenue generating activities are excluded from revenue. In the normal course of business, the Company does not generate any material revenue through acting as an agent for other entities. The Company provides rail freight transportation services to a wide variety of customers and transports bulk commodities, merchandise freight and intermodal traffic. The Company signs master service agreements with customers that dictate future services the Company is to perform for a customer at the time a bill of lading or service request is received. Each bill of lading or service request represents a separate distinct performance obligation that the Company is obligated to satisfy. The transaction price is generally in the form of a fixed fee determined at the inception of the bill of lading or service request. The Company allocates the transaction price to each distinct performance obligation based on the estimated standalone selling price for each performance obligation. As each bill of lading or service request represents a separate distinct performance obligation, the estimated standalone selling price is assessed at an observable price which is fair market value. Certain customer agreements include variable consideration in the form of rebates, discounts, or incentives. The expected value method is used to estimate variable consideration and is allocated to the applicable performance obligation and is recognized when the related performance obligation is satisfied. Additionally, the Company offers published rates for services through public tariff agreements in which a customer can request service, triggering a performance obligation the Company must satisfy. Railway freight revenues are recognized over time as services are provided based on the percentage of completed service method. Volume rebates to customers are accrued as a reduction of freight revenues based on estimated volumes and contract terms as freight service is provided. Freight revenues also include certain ancillary and other services provided in association with the performance of rail freight movements. Revenues from these activities are not material and therefore have been aggregated with the freight revenues from customer contracts with which they are associated. Non-freight revenues, including passenger revenues, switching fees, and revenues from logistics services, are recognized at the point in time the services are provided or when the performance obligations are satisfied. Non-freight revenues also include leasing revenues. |
Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid short-term investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or usage, in accordance with specific agreements, are presented as restricted cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheets when applicable. In the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow, these balances, if any, are included with cash and cash equivalents. |
Foreign currency translation | Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, other than those held through foreign subsidiaries, are translated into Canadian dollars at the year-end exchange rate for monetary items and at the historical exchange rates for non-monetary items. Foreign currency revenues and expenses are translated at the exchange rates in effect on the dates of the related transactions. Foreign exchange ("FX") gains and losses, other than those arising from the translation of the Company’s net investment in foreign subsidiaries, are included in income. The accounts of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into Canadian dollars using the year-end exchange rate for assets and liabilities and the average exchange rates during the year for revenues, expenses, gains and losses. FX gains and losses arising from the translation of the foreign subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities are included in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”. A portion of U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt has been designated as a hedge of the net investment in foreign subsidiaries. As a result, unrealized FX gains and losses on U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt, designated as a hedge, are offset against FX gains and losses arising from the translation of foreign subsidiaries’ accounts in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”. |
Pensions and other benefits | Pension costs are actuarially determined using the projected-benefit method pro-rated over the credited service periods of employees. This method incorporates management’s best estimates of expected plan investment performance, salary escalation and retirement ages of employees. The expected return on fund assets is calculated using market-related asset values developed from a five-year average of market values for the fund’s public equity securities and absolute return strategies (with each prior year’s market value adjusted to the current date for assumed investment income during the intervening period) plus the market value of the fund’s fixed income, real estate, infrastructure and private debt securities, subject to the market-related asset value not being greater than 120% of the market value nor being less than 80% of the market value. The discount rate used to determine the projected-benefit obligation is based on blended market interest rates on high-quality corporate debt instruments with matching cash flows. Unrecognized actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10% of the greater of the benefit obligation and the market-related value of plan assets are amortized over the expected average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits under the plan (approximately 12 years). Prior service costs arising from collectively bargained amendments to pension plan benefit provisions are amortized over the term of the applicable union agreement. Prior service costs arising from all other sources are amortized over the expected average remaining service period of active employees who are expected to receive benefits under the plan at the date of amendment. Costs for post-retirement and post-employment benefits other than pensions, including post-retirement health care and life insurance and some workers’ compensation and long-term disability benefits in Canada, are actuarially determined on a basis similar to pension costs. The over or under funded status of defined benefit pension and other post-retirement benefit plans are measured as the difference between the fair value of the plan assets and the benefit obligation, and are recognized on the balance sheets. In addition, any unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs and credits that arise during the period are recognized as a component of “Other comprehensive income (loss)”, net of tax. Gains and losses on post-employment benefits that do not vest or accumulate, including some workers’ compensation and long-term disability benefits in Canada, are included immediately on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income as "Other components of net periodic benefit cost or recovery". The current service cost component of net periodic benefit cost is reported in "Compensation and benefits" for pensions and post-retirement benefits, and in "Purchased services and other" for self-insured workers' compensation and long-term disability benefits on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. Other components of net periodic benefit cost or recovery are reported in "Other components of net periodic benefit cost or recovery" outside of Operating income on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. |
Materials and supplies | Materials and supplies are carried at the lower of average cost or market value and consist primarily of fuel and parts used in the repair and maintenance of track structures, equipment, locomotives and freight cars. |
Properties | Fixed asset additions and major renewals are recorded at cost, including direct costs, attributable indirect costs and carrying costs, less accumulated depreciation and any impairment. When there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of property, a liability is initially recognized at its fair value and a corresponding asset retirement cost is added to the gross book value of the related asset and amortized to expense over the estimated term to retirement. The Company reviews the carrying amounts of its properties whenever changes in circumstances indicate that such carrying amounts may not be recoverable based on future undiscounted cash flows. When such properties are determined to be impaired, recorded asset values are revised to their fair value and an impairment loss is recognized. The Company recognizes expenditures as additions to properties or operating expenses based on whether the expenditures increase the output or service capacity, lower the associated operating costs or extend the useful life of the properties and whether the expenditures exceed minimum physical and financial thresholds. Much of the additions to properties, both new and replacement properties, are self-constructed. These are initially recorded at cost, including direct costs and attributable indirect costs, overheads and carrying costs. Direct costs include, among other things, labour costs, purchased services, equipment costs and material costs. Attributable indirect costs and overheads include incremental long-term variable costs resulting from the execution of capital projects. Indirect costs mainly include work trains, material distribution, highway vehicles and work equipment. Overheads primarily include a portion of the engineering department’s costs, which plans, designs and administers these capital projects. These costs are allocated to projects by applying a measure consistent with the nature of the cost, based on cost studies. For replacement properties, the project costs are allocated to dismantling and installation based on cost studies. Dismantling work, which is expensed, is performed concurrently with the installation. Ballast programs including undercutting, shoulder ballasting and renewal programs that form part of the annual track program are capitalized as this work, and the related added ballast material, significantly improves drainage, which in turn extends the life of ties and other track materials. These costs are tracked separately from the underlying assets and depreciated over the period to the next estimated similar ballast program. Spot replacement of ballast is considered a repair which is expensed as incurred. The costs of large refurbishments are capitalized and locomotive overhauls are expensed as incurred, except where overhauls represent a betterment of the locomotive in which case costs are capitalized. The Company capitalizes development costs for major new computer systems. The Company follows group depreciation, which groups assets which are similar in nature and have similar economic lives. The property groups are depreciated on a straight-line basis reflecting their expected economic lives determined by depreciation studies. Depreciation studies are regular reviews of asset service lives, salvage values, accumulated depreciation and other related factors. Depreciation rates are established through these studies. Actual use and retirement of assets may vary from current estimates, and would be identified in the next study. These changes in expected economic lives would impact the amount of depreciation expense recognized in future periods. All track assets are depreciated using a straight-line method which recognizes the value of the asset consumed as a percentage of the whole life of the asset. When depreciable property is retired or otherwise disposed of in the normal course of business, the book value, less net salvage proceeds, is charged to accumulated depreciation and if different than the assumptions under the depreciation study could potentially result in adjusted depreciation expense over a period of years. However, when removal costs exceed the salvage value on assets and the Company has no legal obligation to remove the assets, the removal costs incurred are charged to income in the period in which the assets are removed and are not charged to accumulated depreciation. For certain asset classes, the historical cost of the asset is separately recorded in the Company’s property records. This amount is retired from the property records upon retirement of the asset. For assets for which the historical cost cannot be separately identified the amount of the gross book value to be retired is estimated using either an indexation methodology, whereby the current replacement cost of the asset is indexed to the estimated year of installation for the asset, or a first-in, first-out approach, or statistical analysis is used to determine the age of the retired asset. CP uses indices that closely correlate to the principal costs of the assets. There are a number of estimates inherent in the depreciation and retirement processes and as it is not possible to precisely estimate each of these variables until a group of property is completely retired, CP regularly monitors the estimated service lives of assets and the associated accumulated depreciation for each asset class to ensure depreciation rates are appropriate. If the recorded amounts of accumulated depreciation are greater or less than the amounts indicated by the depreciation studies, then the excess or deficit is amortized as a component of depreciation expense over the remaining service lives of the applicable asset classes. For the sale or retirement of larger groups of depreciable assets that are unusual and were not considered in the Company’s depreciation studies, CP records a gain or loss for the difference between net proceeds and net book value of the assets sold or retired. The accumulated depreciation to be retired includes asset-specific accumulated depreciation, when known, and an appropriate portion of the accumulated depreciation recorded for the relevant asset class as a whole, calculated using a cost-based allocation. Revisions to the estimated useful lives and net salvage projections constitute a change in accounting estimate and are addressed prospectively by amending depreciation rates. |
Assets held for sale | Assets to be disposed that meet the held for sale criteria are reported at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value, less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. |
Goodwill and intangible assets | Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets upon acquisition of a business. Goodwill is assigned to the reporting units that are expected to benefit from the business acquisition which, after integration of operations with the railway network, may be different than the acquired business. The carrying value of goodwill, which is not amortized, is assessed for impairment annually in the fourth quarter of each year as at October 1st, or more frequently as economic events dictate. The Company has the option of performing an assessment of certain qualitative factors (“Step 0”) to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value or proceeding directly to a quantitative impairment test (“Step 1”). Qualitative factors include but are not limited to, economic, market and industry conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance of the reporting unit. If Step 0 indicates that the carrying value is less than the fair value, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. Under Step 1, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, goodwill is potentially impaired. The impairment charge that would be recognized is the excess of the carrying value of the goodwill over the fair value of the goodwill, determined in the same manner as in a business combination. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Favourable leases, customer relationships and interline contracts have amortization periods ranging from 15 to 20 |
Financial instruments | Financial instruments are contracts that give rise to a financial asset of one party and a financial liability or equity instrument of another party. Financial instruments are recognized initially at fair value, which is the amount of consideration that would be agreed upon in an arm’s-length transaction between willing parties. |
Derivative financial instruments | Derivative financial and commodity instruments may be used from time to time by the Company to manage its exposure to risks relating to foreign currency exchange rates, stock-based compensation, interest rates and fuel prices. When CP utilizes derivative instruments in hedging relationships, CP identifies, designates and documents those hedging transactions and regularly tests the transactions to demonstrate effectiveness in order to continue hedge accounting. All derivative instruments are classified as held for trading and recorded at fair value. Any change in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges is recognized in the period in which the change occurs in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the line item to which the derivative instrument is related. On the Consolidated Balance Sheets they are classified in “Other assets”, “Other long-term liabilities”, “Other current assets” or “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities” as applicable. Gains and losses arising from derivative instruments may affect the following lines on the Consolidated Statements of Income: “Revenues”, “Compensation and benefits”, “Fuel”, “ Other expense (income) ”, and “Net interest expense”. For fair value hedges, the periodic changes in values are recognized in income, on the same line as the changes in values of the hedged items are also recorded. For an effective cash flow hedge, the entire change in value of the hedging instrument is recognized in “Other comprehensive income (loss)”. The change in value of the effective cash flow hedge remains in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” until the related hedged item settles, at which time amounts recognized in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” are reclassified to the same income or balance sheet account that records the hedged item. |
Environmental remediation | Environmental remediation accruals, recorded on an undiscounted basis unless a reliably determinable estimate as to amount and timing of costs can be established, cover site-specific remediation programs. The accruals are recorded when the costs to remediate are probable and reasonably estimable. Certain future costs to monitor sites are discounted at an adjusted risk-free rate. Provisions for environmental remediation costs are recorded in “Other long-term liabilities”, except for the current portion, which is recorded in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities”. |
Income taxes | The Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in income tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period during which the change occurs. When appropriate, the Company records a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets to reflect that these tax assets may not be realized. In determining whether a valuation allowance is appropriate, CP considers whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of CP’s deferred tax assets will not be realized, based on management’s judgment using available evidence about future events. At times, tax benefit claims may be challenged by a tax authority. Tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not sustainable upon examination by tax authorities. The amount recognized is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be realized upon settlement. A liability for “unrecognized tax benefits” is recorded for any tax benefits claimed in CP’s tax returns that do not meet these recognition and measurement standards. |
Earnings per share | Basic earnings per share are calculated using the weighted average number of the Company's Common Shares (the "Common Shares') outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share are calculated using the treasury stock method for determining the dilutive effect of options. |
Stock-based compensation | CP follows the fair value based approach to account for stock options. Compensation expense and an increase in “Additional paid-in capital” are recognized for stock options over their vesting period, or over the period from the grant date to the date employees become eligible to retire when this is shorter than the vesting period, based on their estimated fair values on the grant date, as determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Any consideration paid by employees on exercise of stock options is credited to “Share capital” when the option is exercised and the recorded fair value of the option is removed from “Additional paid-in capital" and credited to “Share capital”. Compensation expense is also recognized for deferred share units (“DSUs”), performance share units (“PSUs”) and restricted share units (“RSUs”) using the fair value method. Compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period, or for PSUs and DSUs only, over the period from the grant date to the date employees become eligible to retire when this is shorter than the vesting period. Forfeitures of DSUs, PSUs and RSUs are estimated at issuance and subsequently at the balance sheet date. |
Accounting Changes (Policies)
Accounting Changes (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
New Accounting Pronouncements and Changes in Accounting Principles [Abstract] | |
Accounting Changes | Implemented in 2018 Revenue from Contracts with Customers On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the new Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), and all related amendments under FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Comparative financial information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. The Company did not recognize any adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings upon adoption of ASC Topic 606. There was no material impact to the Company's net income on adoption of this new standard in 2018. In line with the requirements of ASC Topic 606 additional disclosure has been provided. As of January 1, 2018, the Company had no material remaining performance obligations. Compensation - Retirement Benefits On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the changes required under ASU 2017-07, Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Post-retirement Benefit Cost under FASB ASC Topic 715, Retirement Benefits as issued by the FASB in March 2017. In accordance with the ASU, beginning on January 1, 2018, the Company reports the current service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in Compensation and benefits on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income, and reports the Other components of net periodic benefit recovery as a separate line item outside of Operating income on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company has applied these changes in presentation retrospectively, which resulted in a decrease in Operating income of $274 million and $167 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These changes in presentation do not result in any changes to net income or earnings per share. Details of the components of net periodic benefit costs are provided in Note 21 Pensions and other benefits. The ASU also prospectively restricts capitalization of net periodic benefit costs to the current service cost component when applicable. This restriction has no impact on the Company's operating income or amounts capitalized because the Company has and continues to only capitalize an appropriate portion of current service cost for self-constructed properties. Derivatives and Hedging In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, under FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. This improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity's risk management activities in its financial statements. These amendments also make targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in GAAP. The amendments require the entire change in the fair value of the hedging instrument to be recorded in Other comprehensive income for effective cash flow hedges. Consequently, any ineffective portion of the change in fair value will no longer be recorded to the Consolidated Statement of Income as it arises. While the amendments are effective for public entities beginning on January 1, 2019, early adoption is permitted and the Company early adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2018. Entities are required to apply the amendments in this update to hedging relationships existing on the date of adoption, reflected as a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Other amendments to presentation and disclosure are applied prospectively. No significant cumulative-effect adjustment was required. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income - Reclassification In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income under FASB ASC Topic 220, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income. The current standard ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, requires deferred tax liabilities and assets to be adjusted for the effect of a change in tax laws or rates with the effect included in income from continuing operations in the reporting period that includes the enactment date. This includes the tax effects of items in Accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") that were originally recognized in Other comprehensive income, subsequently creating stranded tax effects. This ASU allows a reclassification from AOCI to Retained earnings for stranded tax effects specifically resulting from the U.S. federal government's recently enacted tax bill, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act . The amendments are effective for public entities beginning on January 1, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. Entities are required to apply these amendments either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in tax rate from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was recognized. The Company early adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2018, electing not to change AOCI, Retained earnings or disclosure in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. Future Changes Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases under FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases which will supersede the lease recognition and measurement requirements in Topic 840, Leases. This new standard requires recognition of right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as finance and operating leases with a maximum term exceeding 12 months. For the Company this new standard will be effective for interim and annual periods commencing January 1, 2019. As a permitted practical expedient at transition, the Company expects to adopt the new standard with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at that date and no restatement of comparative periods' financial information. In preparation for adoption of the new standard, in January 2019, the Company implemented internal controls and a lease management system to assist in delivering the required accounting changes. To facilitate transition, the Company expects to make policy choices to utilize available practical expedients provided by the new standard, including the: • Acceptance of the package of practical expedients, permitting the Company not to reassess lease existence, classification and capitalization of initial direct costs previously determined under Topic 840; • Acceptance of the previous accounting treatment for land easements where Topic 840 was not applied; • Combination of lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all lease classes, except for leases identified within engineering service agreements; and • Off-balance sheet treatment for leases with a term of 12 months or less. The Company has substantially completed its assessment of the impact of this new standard, and expects net increases of approximately $400 million to assets and liabilities associated primarily with the recognition of ROU assets and liabilities for operating leases. The Company expects no impact on the Consolidated Statements of Income and a minimal net impact to retained earnings. Additional disclosures will be provided in the Company's first quarter 2019 financial statements. Financial Instruments - Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments under FASB ASC Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. This new standard intends to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology under GAAP with a methodology that reflects using a forward-looking expected credit loss model for accounts receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to determine credit loss estimates. The amendments are effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2020. Entities are required to apply the amendments in this update using a modified retrospective approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the impact on the consolidated financial statements from the adoption of this ASU. Intangibles – Goodwill and Other |
Revenues (Tables)
Revenues (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract] | |
Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block] | The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenues from contracts with customers by major source: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 (1) 2016 (1) Freight Grain $ 1,566 $ 1,532 $ 1,480 Coal 673 631 606 Potash 486 411 338 Fertilizers and sulphur 243 241 284 Forest products 284 265 275 Energy, chemicals and plastics 1,243 898 852 Metals, minerals, and consumer products 797 739 564 Automotive 322 293 350 Intermodal 1,538 1,365 1,311 Total freight revenues 7,152 6,375 6,060 Non-freight excluding leasing revenues 102 117 113 Revenues from contracts with customers 7,254 6,492 6,173 Leasing revenues 62 62 59 Total revenues $ 7,316 $ 6,554 $ 6,232 (1) |
Other Expense (Income) (Tables)
Other Expense (Income) (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract] | |
Other expense (income) | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Foreign exchange loss (gain) on long-term debt $ 168 $ (186 ) $ (79 ) Other foreign exchange losses (gains) 3 (7 ) (5 ) Insurance recovery of legal settlement — (10 ) — Legal settlement — — 25 Charge on hedge roll and de-designation — 13 — Other 3 12 14 Other expense (income) $ 174 $ (178 ) $ (45 ) |
Net Interest Expense (Tables)
Net Interest Expense (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Interest Income (Expense), Net [Abstract] | |
Net Interest Expense | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Interest cost $ 475 $ 491 $ 497 Interest capitalized to Properties (20 ) (16 ) (25 ) Interest expense 455 475 472 Interest income (2 ) (2 ) (1 ) Net interest expense $ 453 $ 473 $ 471 |
Income Taxes (Tables)
Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Summary of the Major Components of the Company's Income Tax Expense | The following is a summary of the major components of the Company’s income tax expense: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Current income tax expense $ 381 $ 303 $ 233 Deferred income tax expense Origination and reversal of temporary differences 214 371 336 Effect of tax rate decrease (21 ) (541 ) — Effect of hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries 64 (42 ) (20 ) Other (1 ) 2 4 Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) 256 (210 ) 320 Total income taxes $ 637 $ 93 $ 553 Income before income tax expense Canada $ 1,788 $ 1,829 $ 1,513 Foreign 800 669 639 Total income before income tax expense $ 2,588 $ 2,498 $ 2,152 Income tax expense Current Canada $ 336 $ 257 $ 165 Foreign 45 46 68 Total current income tax expense 381 303 233 Deferred Canada 174 256 207 Foreign 82 (466 ) 113 Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) 256 (210 ) 320 Total income taxes $ 637 $ 93 $ 553 |
Components of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities | The items comprising the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Deferred income tax assets Amount related to tax losses carried forward $ 11 $ 12 Liabilities carrying value in excess of tax basis 97 77 Unrealized foreign exchange losses 85 11 Environmental remediation costs 23 16 Other 2 11 Total deferred income tax assets 218 127 Less: Valuation allowance (5 ) — Total net deferred income tax assets 213 127 Deferred income tax liabilities Properties carrying value in excess of tax basis 3,496 3,181 Pensions carrying value in excess of tax basis 164 226 Other 71 41 Total deferred income tax liabilities 3,731 3,448 Total net deferred income tax liabilities $ 3,518 $ 3,321 |
Expected Income Tax Expense Reconciled To Income Tax Expense | Expected income tax expense at statutory rates is reconciled to income tax expense as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage) 2018 2017 2016 Statutory federal and provincial income tax rate (Canada) 26.86 % 26.56 % 26.65 % Expected income tax expense at Canadian enacted statutory tax rates $ 695 $ 663 $ 573 Increase (decrease) in taxes resulting from: Losses (gains) not subject to tax 8 (27 ) (23 ) Canadian tax rate differentials — 1 — Foreign tax rate differentials (55 ) (9 ) — Effect of tax rate decrease (21 ) (541 ) — Valuation allowance 5 — — Other 5 6 3 Income tax expense $ 637 $ 93 $ 553 |
Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Positions In Relation To Unrecognized Tax Benefits for Canada and the United States | The following table provides a reconciliation of uncertain tax positions in relation to unrecognized tax benefits for Canada and the U.S. for the year ended December 31, 2018 : (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1 $ 13 $ 13 $ 15 Increase in unrecognized: Tax benefits related to the current year 1 — — Dispositions: Gross uncertain tax benefits related to prior years (1 ) — (2 ) Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 $ 13 $ 13 $ 13 |
Earnings Per Share (Tables)
Earnings Per Share (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |
Number Of Shares Used In the Earnings Per Share Calculations | The number of shares used and the earnings per share calculations are reconciled as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars, except per share data) 2018 2017 2016 Net income $ 1,951 $ 2,405 $ 1,599 Weighted average basic shares outstanding (millions) 142.9 145.9 149.6 Dilutive effect of weighted average number of stock options (millions) 0.4 0.4 0.9 Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (millions) 143.3 146.3 150.5 Earnings per share – basic $ 13.65 $ 16.49 $ 10.69 Earnings per share – diluted $ 13.61 $ 16.44 $ 10.63 |
Other Comprehensive Income (L_2
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract] | |
Components of Other comprehensive (loss) income and related tax effects | The components of Other comprehensive income (loss) and the related tax effects are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Before Income tax (expense) recovery Net of tax For the year ended December 31, 2018 Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ 419 $ — $ 419 Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18) (479 ) 64 (415 ) Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 10 (3 ) 7 Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other 28 (8 ) 20 Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (447 ) 115 (332 ) Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (2 ) 1 (1 ) Other comprehensive loss $ (471 ) $ 169 $ (302 ) For the year ended December 31, 2017 Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ (295 ) $ — $ (295 ) Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18) 319 (42 ) 277 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 25 (6 ) 19 Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges and other (6 ) 2 (4 ) Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses 84 (20 ) 64 Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (4 ) 1 (3 ) Other comprehensive income $ 123 $ (65 ) $ 58 For the year ended December 31, 2016 Unrealized foreign exchange (loss) gain on: Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ (132 ) $ — $ (132 ) Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (Note 18) 150 (20 ) 130 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income 10 (2 ) 8 Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges and other (12 ) 2 (10 ) Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses (422 ) 113 (309 ) Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs (12 ) 3 (9 ) Other comprehensive loss $ (418 ) $ 96 $ (322 ) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, Net of tax | The components of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Unrealized foreign exchange gain on translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries $ 862 $ 443 Unrealized foreign exchange loss on translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries (749 ) (334 ) Net deferred and unrealized losses on derivatives and other (62 ) (89 ) Amounts for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans not recognized in income (Note 21) (2,094 ) (1,761 ) Accumulated other comprehensive loss $ (2,043 ) $ (1,741 ) |
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component | Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive loss by component are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Foreign currency (1) Derivatives and (1) Pension and post- (1) Total (1) Opening balance, January 1, 2018 $ 109 $ (89 ) $ (1,761 ) $ (1,741 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications 4 19 (417 ) (394 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss — 8 84 92 Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) 4 27 (333 ) (302 ) Closing balance, December 31, 2018 $ 113 $ (62 ) $ (2,094 ) $ (2,043 ) Opening balance, January 1, 2017 $ 127 $ (104 ) $ (1,822 ) $ (1,799 ) Net current-period other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (17 ) (4 ) (50 ) (71 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss (1 ) 19 111 129 Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income (18 ) 15 61 58 Closing balance, December 31, 2017 $ 109 $ (89 ) $ (1,761 ) $ (1,741 ) (1) |
Amounts in Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss | Amounts in Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows: 2018 2017 Amortization of prior service costs (1) $ (2 ) $ (4 ) Recognition of net actuarial loss (1) 117 154 Total before income tax $ 115 $ 150 Income tax recovery (31 ) (39 ) Total net of income tax $ 84 $ 111 (1) |
Change in Non-Cash Working Ca_2
Change in Non-Cash Working Capital Balances Related to Operations (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract] | |
Changes In Non-cash Working Capital Balances Related To Operations | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Source (use) of cash: Accounts receivable, net $ (107 ) $ (91 ) $ 44 Materials and supplies (11 ) 9 14 Other current assets 30 (26 ) (18 ) Accounts payable and accrued liabilities 153 (30 ) (95 ) Change in non-cash working capital $ 65 $ (138 ) $ (55 ) |
Accounts Receivable, Net (Table
Accounts Receivable, Net (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Receivables [Abstract] | |
Accounts Receivable, Net | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Freight $ 677 $ 536 Non-freight 168 176 845 712 Allowance for doubtful accounts (30 ) (25 ) Total accounts receivable, net $ 815 $ 687 |
Investments (Tables)
Investments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | |
Investments | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Rail investments accounted for on an equity basis $ 160 $ 144 Other investments 43 38 Total investments $ 203 $ 182 |
Properties (Tables)
Properties (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |
Net Properties | (in millions of Canadian dollars except percentages) 2018 2018 2017 Weighted average annual depreciation rate Cost Accumulated Net book Cost Accumulated Net book Track and roadway 2.8 % $ 18,599 $ 5,236 $ 13,363 $ 17,285 $ 4,814 $ 12,471 Buildings 3.0 % 781 218 563 719 196 523 Rolling stock 2.8 % 4,467 1,613 2,854 4,114 1,557 2,557 Information systems (1) 10.4 % 551 252 299 551 264 287 Other 5.1 % 1,984 645 1,339 1,760 582 1,178 Total $ 26,382 $ 7,964 $ 18,418 $ 24,429 $ 7,413 $ 17,016 (1) During 2018 , CP capitalized costs attributable to the design and development of internal-use software in the amount of $53 million ( 2017 – $49 million ; 2016 – $46 million ). Current year depreciation expense related to internal use software was $49 million ( 2017 – $55 million ; 2016 – $63 million |
Capital Leases Included In Net Properties | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Cost Accumulated Net book Cost Accumulated Net book Buildings $ 1 $ 1 $ — $ 1 $ 1 $ — Rolling stock 311 124 187 311 115 196 Total assets held under capital lease $ 312 $ 125 $ 187 $ 312 $ 116 $ 196 |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill Intangible assets (in millions of Canadian dollars) Net Cost Accumulated Net Total goodwill and intangible assets Balance at December 31, 2016 $ 191 $ 22 $ (11 ) $ 11 $ 202 Amortization — — (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Foreign exchange impact (13 ) — (1 ) (1 ) (14 ) Balance at December 31, 2017 $ 178 $ 22 $ (13 ) $ 9 $ 187 Amortization — — (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) Foreign exchange impact 16 — — — 16 Balance at December 31, 2018 $ 194 $ 22 $ (14 ) $ 8 $ 202 |
Other Assets (Tables)
Other Assets (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Other Assets | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Long-term materials $ 26 $ 24 Contracted customer incentives 11 11 Prepaid leases 10 5 Other 24 29 Total other assets $ 71 $ 69 |
Accounts Payable and Accrued _2
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | |
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Trade payables $ 474 $ 402 Accrued charges 360 256 Income and other taxes payable 104 72 Accrued interest 135 128 Dividends payable 91 82 Payroll-related accruals 78 72 Accrued vacation 61 59 Stock-based compensation liabilities 53 32 Personal injury, damage and other claims provision 68 28 Provision for environmental remediation (Note 19) 8 8 Financial derivative liability (Note 18) — 55 Other 17 44 Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 1,449 $ 1,238 |
Debt (Tables)
Debt (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Components of Long-term Debt | The following table outlines the Company's outstanding debt instruments and capital lease obligations as at December 31, 2018 . (in millions of Canadian dollars except percentages) Maturity Currency 2018 2017 6.500% 10-year Notes (A) May 2018 U.S.$ $ — $ 345 6.250% 10-year Medium Term Notes (A) Jun 2018 CDN$ — 375 7.250% 10-year Notes (A) May 2019 U.S.$ 477 439 9.450% 30-year Debentures (A) Aug 2021 U.S.$ 341 314 5.100% 10-year Medium Term Notes (A) Jan 2022 CDN$ 125 125 4.500% 10-year Notes (A) Jan 2022 U.S.$ 339 311 4.450% 12.5-year Notes (A) Mar 2023 U.S.$ 477 438 2.900% 10-year Notes (A) Feb 2025 U.S.$ 955 878 3.700% 10.5-year Notes (A) Feb 2026 U.S.$ 340 313 4.000% 10-year Notes (A) Jun 2028 U.S.$ 682 — 7.125% 30-year Debentures (A) Oct 2031 U.S.$ 477 439 5.750% 30-year Debentures (A) Mar 2033 U.S.$ 334 307 4.800% 20-year Notes (A) Sep 2035 U.S.$ 408 375 5.950% 30-year Notes (A) May 2037 U.S.$ 607 558 6.450% 30-year Notes (A) Nov 2039 CDN$ 400 400 5.750% 30-year Notes (A) Jan 2042 U.S.$ 336 308 4.800% 30-year Notes (A) Aug 2045 U.S.$ 748 687 6.125% 100-year Notes (A) Sep 2115 U.S.$ 1,228 1,129 5.41% Senior Secured Notes (B) Mar 2024 U.S.$ 113 111 6.91% Secured Equipment Notes (C) Oct 2024 CDN$ 106 120 7.49% Equipment Trust Certificates (D) Jan 2021 U.S.$ 57 52 Obligations under capital leases 6.99% (E) Mar 2022 U.S.$ 104 96 6.57% (E) Dec 2026 U.S.$ 52 52 12.77% (E) Jan 2031 CDN$ 4 3 8,710 8,175 Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock (F) U.S.$ 41 38 Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock (F) G.B.£ 6 6 8,757 8,219 Less: Unamortized fees on long-term debt 61 60 8,696 8,159 Less: Long-term debt maturing within one year 506 746 $ 8,190 $ 7,413 |
Schedule of Capital Lease Obligations Included in Long-Term Debt | At December 31, 2018 , capital lease obligations included in long-term debt were as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Year Capital leases Minimum lease payments in: 2019 $ 16 2020 16 2021 16 2022 114 2023 9 Thereafter 31 Total minimum lease payments 202 Less: Imputed interest (43 ) Present value of minimum lease payments 159 Less: Current portion (5 ) Long-term portion of capital lease obligations $ 154 |
Financial Instruments (Tables)
Financial Instruments (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Schedule of Fair Value and Carrying Value of Long-term Debt | The carrying values of financial instruments equal or approximate their fair values with the exception of long-term debt: (in millions of Canadian dollars) December 31, 2018 December 31, 2017 Long-term debt (including current maturities): Fair value $ 9,639 $ 9,680 Carrying value 8,696 8,159 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities (Ta
Other Long-Term Liabilities (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Other Long-Term Liabilities | (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 Stock-based compensation liabilities, net of current portion $ 81 $ 67 Provision for environmental remediation, net of current portion (1) 74 70 Deferred revenue on rights-of-way license agreements, net of current portion (2) 24 26 Deferred gains on sale leaseback transactions (2) 13 16 Other, net of current portion 45 52 Total other long-term liabilities $ 237 $ 231 (1) As at December 31, 2018 , the aggregate provision for environmental remediation, including the current portion was $82 million ( 2017 – $78 million ). (2) The deferred revenue on rights-of-way license agreements, and deferred gains on sale leaseback transactions are being amortized to income on a straight-line basis over the related lease terms. |
Shareholders' Equity (Tables)
Shareholders' Equity (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Equity [Abstract] | |
Summary of Information Related to Common Share Balances | The following table summarizes information related to Common Share balances as at December 31: (number of shares in millions) 2018 2017 2016 Share capital, January 1 144.9 146.3 153.0 CP Common Shares repurchased (4.6 ) (1.9 ) (6.9 ) Shares issued under stock option plan 0.2 0.5 0.2 Share capital, December 31 140.5 144.9 146.3 |
Activities Under Shares Repurchase Programs | The following table provides the activities under the share repurchase programs: 2018 2017 2016 Number of Common Shares repurchased (1) 4,683,162 1,888,100 6,910,000 Weighted-average price per share (2) $ 240.68 $ 201.53 $ 175.08 Amount of repurchase (in millions) (2) $ 1,127 $ 381 $ 1,210 (1) Includes shares repurchased but not yet cancelled at year end. (2) Includes brokerage fees. |
Pensions and Other Benefits (Ta
Pensions and Other Benefits (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] | |
Net Periodic Benefit Cost for DB Pension Plans and Other Benefits | The elements of net periodic benefit cost for DB pension plans and other benefits recognized in the year include the following components: Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 2018 2017 2016 Current service cost (benefits earned by employees) $ 120 $ 103 $ 106 $ 12 $ 12 $ 11 Other components of net periodic benefit cost (recovery): Interest cost on benefit obligation 438 451 467 19 20 21 Expected return on fund assets (955 ) (893 ) (846 ) — — — Recognized net actuarial loss 114 153 190 2 (1 ) 7 Amortization of prior service costs (2 ) (5 ) (7 ) — 1 1 Total other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost (405 ) (294 ) (196 ) 21 20 29 Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost $ (285 ) $ (191 ) $ (90 ) $ 33 $ 32 $ 40 |
Information About DB Pension Plans and Other Benefits | Information about the Company’s DB pension plans and other benefits, in aggregate, is as follows: Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Change in projected benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at January 1 $ 11,679 $ 11,399 $ 518 $ 510 Current service cost 120 103 12 12 Interest cost 438 451 19 20 Employee contributions 47 44 1 1 Benefits paid (640 ) (648 ) (33 ) (35 ) Foreign currency changes 20 (15 ) 2 (3 ) Plan amendments and other — 1 — — Actuarial (gain) loss (292 ) 344 (18 ) 13 Projected benefit obligation at December 31 $ 11,372 $ 11,679 $ 501 $ 518 Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Change in fund assets: Fair value of fund assets at January 1 $ 12,808 $ 12,196 $ 4 $ 5 Actual return on fund assets 82 1,183 — (1 ) Employer contributions 36 46 32 34 Employee contributions 47 44 1 1 Benefits paid (640 ) (648 ) (33 ) (35 ) Foreign currency changes 16 (13 ) — — Fair value of fund assets at December 31 $ 12,349 $ 12,808 $ 4 $ 4 Funded status - plan surplus (deficit) $ 977 $ 1,129 $ (497 ) $ (514 ) |
Funded Status of Pension Plans | 2018 2017 (in millions of Canadian dollars) Pension Pension Pension Pension Projected benefit obligation at December 31 $ (10,884 ) $ (488 ) $ (11,174 ) $ (505 ) Fair value of fund assets at December 31 12,127 222 12,581 227 Funded Status $ 1,243 $ (266 ) $ 1,407 $ (278 ) |
Amounts Recognized in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets | Amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows: Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Pension asset $ 1,243 $ 1,407 $ — $ — Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (11 ) (10 ) (34 ) (33 ) Pension and other benefit liabilities (255 ) (268 ) (463 ) (481 ) Total amount recognized $ 977 $ 1,129 $ (497 ) $ (514 ) |
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses | Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows: Pensions Other benefits (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Net actuarial loss: Other than deferred investment gains $ 2,233 $ 2,555 $ 61 $ 81 Deferred investment gains 611 (178 ) — — Prior service cost — (2 ) 2 2 Deferred income tax (797 ) (676 ) (16 ) (21 ) Total (Note 8) $ 2,047 $ 1,699 $ 47 $ 62 |
Weighted-average Actuarial Assumptions Used | Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used were approximately: (percentages) 2018 2017 2016 Benefit obligation at December 31: Discount rate 4.01 3.80 4.02 Projected future salary increases 2.75 2.75 2.75 Health care cost trend rate 6.00 (1) 7.00 (2) 7.00 (2) Benefit cost for year ended December 31: Discount rate 3.80 4.02 4.22 Expected rate of return on fund assets (4) 7.75 7.75 7.75 Projected future salary increases 2.75 2.75 3.00 Health care cost trend rate 7.00 (2) 7.00 (2) 7.00 (3) (1) The health care cost trend rate is assumed to be 6.00% in 2019, and then decreasing by 0.50% per year to an ultimate rate of 5.00% per year in 2021 and thereafter. (2) The health care cost trend rate was previously assumed to be 7.00% in 2017 and 2018, and then decreasing by 0.50% per year to an ultimate rate of 5.00% per year in 2022 and thereafter. (3) The health care cost trend rate was previously assumed to be 6.50% in 2017 ( 7.00% in 2016 and 2015), and then decreasing by 0.50% per year to an ultimate rate of 5.00% per year in 2020 and thereafter. (4) The expected rate of return on fund assets that will be used to compute the 2019 net periodic benefit credit is 7.50% . |
Pension Plan Asset Allocation and Current Weighted Average Policy Range | The Company’s pension plan asset allocation, the weighted average asset allocation targets and the weighted average policy range for each major asset class at year end, were as follows: Asset allocation Policy Percentage of plan assets Asset allocation (percentage) 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 Cash and cash equivalents 1.2 0.5 0 – 10 0 – 5 1.1 1.4 Fixed income 24.1 29.5 20 – 40 20 – 40 25.6 26.1 Public equity 45.1 46.0 35 – 55 35 – 55 50.2 53.3 Real estate and infrastructure 9.8 12.0 4 – 13 4 – 20 7.7 6.2 Private debt 9.8 — 4 – 13 — 1.3 — Absolute return 10.0 12.0 4 – 13 0 – 18 14.1 13.0 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 |
Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Plan Assets at Fair Value | The following is a summary of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 . As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, there were no plan assets classified as Level 3 valued investments. Assets Measured at Fair Value Investments measured at NAV (1) Total Plan Assets (in millions of Canadian dollars) Quoted prices in Significant other December 31, 2018 Cash and cash equivalents $ 127 $ 12 $ — $ 139 Fixed income • Government bonds (2) 101 1,281 — 1,382 • Corporate bonds (2) 128 1,606 — 1,734 • Mortgages (3) 41 — — 41 Public equities • Canada 1,287 — — 1,287 • U.S. and international 4,892 24 — 4,916 Real estate (4) — — 697 697 Infrastructure (5) — — 259 259 Private Debt (6) — — 162 162 Derivative instruments (7) — (7 ) — (7 ) Absolute return (8) • Funds of hedge funds — — 1,189 1,189 • Multi-strategy funds — — 286 286 • Credit funds — — 32 32 • Equity funds — — 232 232 $ 6,576 $ 2,916 $ 2,857 $ 12,349 December 31, 2017 Cash and cash equivalents $ 165 $ 11 $ — $ 176 Fixed income • Government bonds (2) — 2,087 — 2,087 • Corporate bonds (2) — 1,215 — 1,215 • Mortgages (3) — 45 — 45 Public equities • Canada 1,467 62 — 1,529 • U.S. and international 5,254 42 — 5,296 Real estate (4) — — 622 622 Infrastructure (5) — — 176 176 Absolute return (8) • Funds of hedge funds — — 681 681 • Multi-strategy funds — — 515 515 • Credit funds — — 252 252 • Equity funds — — 214 214 $ 6,886 $ 3,462 $ 2,460 $ 12,808 (1) Investments measured at net asset value ("NAV"): Amounts are comprised of certain investments measured using NAV (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient. These investments have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. (2) Government & Corporate Bonds: Fair values for bonds are based on market prices supplied by independent sources as of the last trading day. (3) Mortgages: The fair values of mortgages are based on current market yields of financial instruments of similar maturity, coupon and risk factors. (4) Real estate: Real estate fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in real estate investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plan’s ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $583 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2017 – $542 million ). The remaining $114 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the liquidation of the underlying real estate investments (2017 – $80 million ). As at December 31, 2018 , there are $38 million of unfunded commitments for real estate investments (December 31, 2017 – $53 million ). (5) Infrastructure: Infrastructure fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in infrastructure investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. Of the total, $130 million is subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days (2017 - $nil). The remaining $129 million is not subject to redemption and is normally returned through distributions as a result of the liquidation of the underlying infrastructure investments (2017 - $176 million ). It was estimated that the investments in these funds will be liquidated over the weighted-average period of approximately one year. (6) Private debt: Private debt fund values are based on the NAV of the funds that invest directly in private debt investments. The values of the investments have been estimated using the capital accounts representing the plans' ownership interest in the funds. The funds are subject to redemption frequencies ranging from monthly to annually and a redemption notice period of 90 days. As at December 31, 2018 , there are $608 million of unfunded commitments for private debt investments (December 31, 2017 – $nil). (7) Derivatives: The investment managers may utilize the following derivative instruments: equity futures to replicate equity index returns (Level 2); currency forwards to partially hedge foreign currency exposures (Level 2); bond forwards to reduce asset/liability interest rate risk exposures (Level 2); interest rate swaps to manage duration and interest rate risk (Level 2); credit default swaps to manage credit risk (Level 2); and options to manage interest rate risk and volatility (Level 2). The Company may utilize derivatives directly, but only for the purpose of hedging foreign currency exposures. As at December 31, 2018 , there are currency forwards with a notional value of $1,226 million and a negative fair value of $7 million (December 31, 2017 – $nil). (8) Absolute return: The value of absolute return fund investments is based on the NAV reported by the fund administrators. The funds have different redemption policies and periods. The funds have different redemption policies with redemption notice periods varying from 60 to 95 days and frequencies ranging from monthly to triennially. |
Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Plan Assets Measured at FV Using Unobservable Inputs | During 2017 the portion of the assets of the Company’s DB pension plans measured at fair value using unobservable inputs (Level 3) changed as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Real Estate As at January 1, 2017 $ 437 Disbursements (43 ) Net realized gains 7 Decrease in net unrealized gains (7 ) Net transfers (out of) Level 3 (394 ) As at December 31, 2017 $ — |
Estimated Future DB Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefit Payments | The estimated future defined benefit pension and other benefit payments to be paid by the plans for each of the next five years and the subsequent five-year period are as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Pensions Other benefits 2019 $ 624 $ 34 2020 628 32 2021 632 31 2022 636 30 2023 640 30 2024 – 2028 3,246 144 |
Stock-Based Compensation (Table
Stock-Based Compensation (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] | |
Stock Option Plan | The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option plan as at December 31, 2018 : Options outstanding Non-vested options Number of Weighted Number of Weighted Outstanding, January 1, 2018 1,479,275 $ 150.64 682,927 $ 45.46 Granted 282,125 $ 248.54 282,125 $ 55.63 Exercised (200,552 ) $ 118.86 N/A N/A Vested N/A N/A (226,623 ) $ 46.94 Forfeited (26,650 ) $ 211.80 (24,327 ) $ 47.65 Expired (600 ) $ 71.69 N/A N/A Outstanding, December 31, 2018 1,533,598 $ 176.02 714,102 $ 48.94 Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2018 (1) 1,500,135 $ 174.77 N/A N/A Exercisable, December 31, 2018 819,496 $ 140.54 N/A N/A (1) As at December 31, 2018 , the weighted average remaining term of vested or expected to vest options was 7.0 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $104 million |
Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable | The following table provides the number of stock options outstanding and exercisable as at December 31, 2018 by range of exercise price and their related intrinsic aggregate value, and for options outstanding, the weighted-average years to expiration. The table also provides the aggregate intrinsic value for in-the-money stock options, which represents the amount that would have been received by option holders had they exercised their options on December 31, 2018 at the Company’s closing stock price of $242.24 . Options outstanding Options exercisable Range of exercise prices Number of Weighted Weighted Aggregate Number of Weighted Aggregate $36.29 – $122.76 410,049 3.3 $ 93.51 $ 61 410,049 $ 93.51 $ 61 $122.77 – $200.75 339,686 6.1 $ 164.47 $ 26 232,206 $ 164.49 $ 18 $200.76 – $217.68 388,527 5.1 $ 205.80 $ 14 88,013 $ 207.63 $ 3 $217.69 – $272.92 395,336 6.2 $ 242.25 $ 3 89,228 $ 228.12 $ 1 Total (1) 1,533,598 5.2 $ 176.02 $ 104 819,496 $ 140.54 $ 83 (1) As at December 31, 2018 , the total number of in-the-money stock options outstanding was 1,342,215 with a weighted-average exercise price of $164.62 . The weighted-average years to expiration of exercisable stock options is 4.5 years |
Weighted-Average Fair Value Assumptions | The weighted average fair value assumptions were approximately: 2018 2017 2016 Expected option life (years) (1) 5.00 5.48 5.25 Risk-free interest rate (2) 2.22 % 1.85 % 1.21 % Expected stock price volatility (3) 25 % 27 % 27 % Expected annual dividends per share (4) $ 2.3854 $ 2.0010 $ 1.4000 Estimated forfeiture rate (5) 4.7 % 2.8 % 2.0 % Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year $ 55.63 $ 45.78 $ 39.01 (1) Represents the period of time that awards are expected to be outstanding. Historical data on exercise behaviour or, when available, specific expectations regarding future exercise behaviour were used to estimate the expected life of the option. (2) Based on the implied yield available on zero-coupon government issues with an equivalent remaining term at the time of the grant. (3) Based on the historical stock price volatility of the Company’s stock over a period commensurate with the expected term of the option. (4) Determined by the current annual dividend at the time of grant. The Company does not employ different dividend yields throughout the contractual term of the option. On May 10, 2018, the Company announced an increase in its quarterly dividend to $0.6500 per share, representing $2.6000 on an annual basis. (5) |
Schedule of Options Exercised | The following table provides information related to all options exercised in the stock option plan during the years ended December 31 : (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Total intrinsic value $ 17 $ 36 $ 30 Cash received by the Company upon exercise of options $ 24 $ 45 $ 21 |
Summary of Performance Share Units Plan | The following table summarizes information related to the Company’s PSUs as at December 31 : 2018 2017 Outstanding, January 1 334,028 373,593 Granted 162,255 134,991 Units, in lieu of dividends 3,643 3,571 Settled (66,243 ) (133,728 ) Forfeited (38,635 ) (44,399 ) Outstanding, December 31 395,048 334,028 |
Summary of Deferred Share Units Plan | The following table summarizes information related to the DSUs as at December 31 : 2018 2017 Outstanding, January 1 156,547 234,036 Granted 16,481 23,932 Units, in lieu of dividends 1,551 1,969 Settled (20,072 ) (33,682 ) Forfeited (1,747 ) (69,708 ) Outstanding, December 31 152,760 156,547 |
Summary of Total Share Based Liabilities Paid | The following table summarizes the total share-based liabilities paid for each of the years ended December 31 : (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2018 2017 2016 Plan PSUs $ 30 $ 31 $ 31 DSUs 6 6 17 Other 1 2 — Total $ 37 $ 39 $ 48 |
Commitments and Contingencies (
Commitments and Contingencies (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Minimum Future Lease Payments Under Operating Leases | As at December 31, 2018 , the Company’s commitments under operating leases were estimated at $485 million in aggregate, with minimum annual payments in each of the next five years and thereafter as follows: (in millions of Canadian dollars) Operating leases 2019 $ 90 2020 71 2021 55 2022 50 2023 49 Thereafter 170 Total minimum lease payments $ 485 |
Segmented and Geographic Info_2
Segmented and Geographic Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |
Geographic Information | Geographic information (in millions of Canadian dollars) Canada United States Total 2018 Revenues $ 5,232 $ 2,084 $ 7,316 Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets $ 12,133 $ 6,759 $ 18,892 2017 Revenues (1) $ 4,667 $ 1,887 $ 6,554 Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets $ 11,505 $ 5,947 $ 17,452 2016 Revenues (1) $ 4,473 $ 1,759 $ 6,232 Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets $ 11,000 $ 6,121 $ 17,121 (1) |
Selected Quarterly Data (Unau_2
Selected Quarterly Data (Unaudited) Selected Quarterly Data (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract] | |
Schedule of Quarterly Financial Data | For the quarter ended 2018 2017 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except per share data) Dec. 31 Sep. 30 Jun. 30 Mar. 31 Dec. 31 Sep. 30 Jun. 30 Mar. 31 Total revenues $ 2,006 $ 1,898 $ 1,750 $ 1,662 $ 1,713 $ 1,595 $ 1,643 $ 1,603 Operating income (1) 874 790 627 540 682 622 611 604 Net income 545 622 436 348 984 510 480 431 Basic earnings per share (2) $ 3.84 $ 4.36 $ 3.05 $ 2.41 $ 6.79 $ 3.50 $ 3.28 $ 2.94 Diluted earnings per share (2) 3.83 4.35 3.04 2.41 6.77 3.50 3.27 2.93 (1) Comparative period figures have been restated for the retrospective adoption of ASU 2017-07, discussed further in this Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, Note 2 Accounting changes. (2) |
Condensed Consolidating Finan_2
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information (Tables) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018 | |
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income | (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Revenues Freight $ — $ 5,098 $ 2,054 $ — $ 7,152 Non-freight — 120 361 (317 ) 164 Total revenues — 5,218 2,415 (317 ) 7,316 Operating expenses Compensation and benefits — 996 466 6 1,468 Fuel — 716 202 — 918 Materials — 139 49 13 201 Equipment rents — 137 (7 ) — 130 Depreciation and amortization — 424 272 — 696 Purchased services and other — 886 522 (336 ) 1,072 Total operating expenses — 3,298 1,504 (317 ) 4,485 Operating income — 1,920 911 — 2,831 Less: Other expense (income) 19 193 (38 ) — 174 Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost — (386 ) 2 — (384 ) Net interest expense (income) 3 478 (28 ) — 453 (Loss) income before income tax (recovery) expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries (22 ) 1,635 975 — 2,588 Less: Income tax (recovery) expense (4 ) 469 172 — 637 Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 1,969 803 — (2,772 ) — Net income $ 1,951 $ 1,969 $ 803 $ (2,772 ) $ 1,951 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Revenues Freight $ — $ 4,516 $ 1,859 $ — $ 6,375 Non-freight — 140 372 (333 ) 179 Total revenues — 4,656 2,231 (333 ) 6,554 Operating expenses Compensation and benefits — 879 423 7 1,309 Fuel — 522 155 — 677 Materials — 134 41 15 190 Equipment rents — 143 (1 ) — 142 Depreciation and amortization — 400 261 — 661 Purchased services and other — 826 585 (355 ) 1,056 Total operating expenses — 2,904 1,464 (333 ) 4,035 Operating income — 1,752 767 — 2,519 Less: Other (income) expense (33 ) (149 ) 4 — (178 ) Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost — (278 ) 4 — (274 ) Net interest (income) expense (12 ) 517 (32 ) — 473 Income before income tax expense (recovery) and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 45 1,662 791 — 2,498 Less: Income tax expense (recovery) 7 475 (389 ) — 93 Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 2,367 1,180 — (3,547 ) — Net income $ 2,405 $ 2,367 $ 1,180 $ (3,547 ) $ 2,405 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Revenues Freight $ — $ 4,332 $ 1,728 $ — $ 6,060 Non-freight — 134 386 (348 ) 172 Total revenues — 4,466 2,114 (348 ) 6,232 Operating expenses Compensation and benefits — 923 427 6 1,356 Fuel — 458 109 — 567 Materials — 130 32 18 180 Equipment rents — 204 (31 ) — 173 Depreciation and amortization — 422 218 — 640 Purchased services and other — 673 604 (372 ) 905 Total operating expenses — 2,810 1,359 (348 ) 3,821 Operating income — 1,656 755 — 2,411 Less: Other (income) expense (40 ) (34 ) 29 — (45 ) Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost — (174 ) 7 — (167 ) Net interest expense (income) 1 493 (23 ) — 471 Income before income tax expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 39 1,371 742 — 2,152 Less: Income tax expense 6 337 210 — 553 Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries 1,566 532 — (2,098 ) — Net income $ 1,599 $ 1,566 $ 532 $ (2,098 ) $ 1,599 |
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income | (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Net income $ 1,951 $ 1,969 $ 803 $ (2,772 ) $ 1,951 Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities — (479 ) 419 — (60 ) Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges — 38 — — 38 Change in pension and post-retirement defined — (455 ) 6 — (449 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes — (896 ) 425 — (471 ) Income tax recovery (expense) on above items — 171 (2 ) — 169 Equity accounted investments (302 ) 423 — (121 ) — Other comprehensive (loss) income (302 ) (302 ) 423 (121 ) (302 ) Comprehensive income $ 1,649 $ 1,667 $ 1,226 $ (2,893 ) $ 1,649 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Net income $ 2,405 $ 2,367 $ 1,180 $ (3,547 ) $ 2,405 Net gain (loss) in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities — 318 (294 ) — 24 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges — 19 — — 19 Change in pension and post-retirement defined — 82 (2 ) — 80 Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes — 419 (296 ) — 123 Income tax (expense) recovery on above items — (66 ) 1 — (65 ) Equity accounted investments 58 (295 ) — 237 — Other comprehensive income (loss) 58 58 (295 ) 237 58 Comprehensive income $ 2,463 $ 2,425 $ 885 $ (3,310 ) $ 2,463 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Net income $ 1,599 $ 1,566 $ 532 $ (2,098 ) $ 1,599 Net gain (loss) in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities — 149 (131 ) — 18 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges — (2 ) — — (2 ) Change in pension and post-retirement defined — (443 ) 9 — (434 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) before income taxes — (296 ) (122 ) — (418 ) Income tax recovery (expense) on above items — 99 (3 ) — 96 Equity accounted investments (322 ) (125 ) — 447 — Other comprehensive loss (322 ) (322 ) (125 ) 447 (322 ) Comprehensive income $ 1,277 $ 1,244 $ 407 $ (1,651 ) $ 1,277 |
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets | (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ — $ 42 $ 19 $ — $ 61 Accounts receivable, net — 629 186 — 815 Accounts receivable, intercompany 125 167 224 (516 ) — Short-term advances to affiliates — 1,602 4,651 (6,253 ) — Materials and supplies — 136 37 — 173 Other current assets — 39 29 — 68 125 2,615 5,146 (6,769 ) 1,117 Long-term advances to affiliates 1,090 5 93 (1,188 ) — Investments — 24 179 — 203 Investments in subsidiaries 11,443 12,003 — (23,446 ) — Properties — 9,579 8,839 — 18,418 Goodwill and intangible assets — — 202 — 202 Pension asset — 1,243 — — 1,243 Other assets — 57 14 — 71 Deferred income taxes 6 — — (6 ) — Total assets $ 12,664 $ 25,526 $ 14,473 $ (31,409 ) $ 21,254 Liabilities and shareholders’ equity Current liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 115 $ 1,017 $ 317 $ — $ 1,449 Accounts payable, intercompany 4 344 168 (516 ) — Short-term advances from affiliates 5,909 341 3 (6,253 ) — Long-term debt maturing within one year — 506 — — 506 6,028 2,208 488 (6,769 ) 1,955 Pension and other benefit liabilities — 639 79 — 718 Long-term advances from affiliates — 1,182 6 (1,188 ) — Other long-term liabilities — 120 117 — 237 Long-term debt — 8,135 55 — 8,190 Deferred income taxes — 1,799 1,725 (6 ) 3,518 Total liabilities 6,028 14,083 2,470 (7,963 ) 14,618 Shareholders’ equity Share capital 2,002 538 5,946 (6,484 ) 2,002 Additional paid-in capital 42 1,656 92 (1,748 ) 42 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (2,043 ) (2,043 ) 839 1,204 (2,043 ) Retained earnings 6,635 11,292 5,126 (16,418 ) 6,635 6,636 11,443 12,003 (23,446 ) 6,636 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 12,664 $ 25,526 $ 14,473 $ (31,409 ) $ 21,254 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ — $ 241 $ 97 $ — $ 338 Accounts receivable, net — 508 179 — 687 Accounts receivable, intercompany 97 153 215 (465 ) — Short-term advances to affiliates 500 1,004 4,996 (6,500 ) — Materials and supplies — 120 32 — 152 Other current assets — 31 66 — 97 597 2,057 5,585 (6,965 ) 1,274 Long-term advances to affiliates 590 — 410 (1,000 ) — Investments — 27 155 — 182 Investments in subsidiaries 10,623 12,122 — (22,745 ) — Properties — 8,982 8,034 — 17,016 Goodwill and intangible assets — — 187 — 187 Pension asset — 1,407 — — 1,407 Other assets — 56 13 — 69 Deferred income taxes 3 — — (3 ) — Total assets $ 11,813 $ 24,651 $ 14,384 $ (30,713 ) $ 20,135 Liabilities and shareholders’ equity Current liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $ 82 $ 844 $ 312 $ — $ 1,238 Accounts payable, intercompany 3 309 153 (465 ) — Short-term advances from affiliates 5,291 1,185 24 (6,500 ) — Long-term debt maturing within one year — 746 — — 746 5,376 3,084 489 (6,965 ) 1,984 Pension and other benefit liabilities — 672 77 — 749 Long-term advances from affiliates — 1,000 — (1,000 ) — Other long-term liabilities — 108 123 — 231 Long-term debt — 7,362 51 — 7,413 Deferred income taxes — 1,802 1,522 (3 ) 3,321 Total liabilities 5,376 14,028 2,262 (7,968 ) 13,698 Shareholders’ equity Share capital 2,032 1,037 6,730 (7,767 ) 2,032 Additional paid-in capital 43 1,643 259 (1,902 ) 43 Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (1,741 ) (1,742 ) 417 1,325 (1,741 ) Retained earnings 6,103 9,685 4,716 (14,401 ) 6,103 6,437 10,623 12,122 (22,745 ) 6,437 Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 11,813 $ 24,651 $ 14,384 $ (30,713 ) $ 20,135 |
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows | (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Cash provided by operating activities $ 316 $ 1,968 $ 1,128 $ (700 ) $ 2,712 Investing activities Additions to properties — (971 ) (580 ) — (1,551 ) Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets — 35 43 — 78 Advances to affiliates — (611 ) (209 ) 820 — Repayment of advances to affiliates — — 866 (866 ) — Repurchase of share capital from affiliates 500 964 — (1,464 ) — Other — 18 (3 ) — 15 Cash provided by (used in) investing activities 500 (565 ) 117 (1,510 ) (1,458 ) Financing activities Dividends paid (348 ) (348 ) (352 ) 700 (348 ) Return of share capital to affiliates — (500 ) (964 ) 1,464 — Issuance of CP Common Shares 24 — — — 24 Purchase of CP Common Shares (1,103 ) — — — (1,103 ) Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper — 638 — — 638 Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper — (753 ) — — (753 ) Advances from affiliates 820 — — (820 ) — Repayment of advances from affiliates (209 ) (657 ) — 866 — Cash used in financing activities (816 ) (1,620 ) (1,316 ) 2,210 (1,542 ) Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents — 18 (7 ) — 11 Cash position Decrease in cash and cash equivalents — (199 ) (78 ) — (277 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year — 241 97 — 338 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ — $ 42 $ 19 $ — $ 61 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Cash provided by operating activities $ 338 $ 1,334 $ 989 $ (479 ) $ 2,182 Investing activities Additions to properties — (950 ) (390 ) — (1,340 ) Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets — 29 13 — 42 Advances to affiliates (590 ) (550 ) (1,528 ) 2,668 — Repayment of advances to affiliates — 242 243 (485 ) — Capital contributions to affiliates — (1,039 ) — 1,039 — Repurchase of share capital from affiliates — 156 — (156 ) — Other — 5 (2 ) — 3 Cash used in investing activities (590 ) (2,107 ) (1,664 ) 3,066 (1,295 ) Financing activities Dividends paid (310 ) (310 ) (169 ) 479 (310 ) Issuance of share capital — — 1,039 (1,039 ) — Return of share capital to affiliates — — (156 ) 156 — Issuance of CP Common Shares 45 — — — 45 Purchase of CP Common Shares (381 ) — — — (381 ) Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper — (32 ) — — (32 ) Advances from affiliates 1,383 1,285 — (2,668 ) — Repayment of advances from affiliates (485 ) — — 485 — Settlement of forward starting swaps — (22 ) — — (22 ) Cash provided by (used in) financing activities 252 921 714 (2,587 ) (700 ) Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents — (7 ) (6 ) — (13 ) Cash position Increase in cash and cash equivalents — 141 33 — 174 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year — 100 64 — 164 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ — $ 241 $ 97 $ — $ 338 (in millions of Canadian dollars) CPRL (Parent Guarantor) CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations CPRL Consolidated Cash provided by operating activities $ 255 $ 1,424 $ 879 $ (469 ) $ 2,089 Investing activities Additions to properties — (728 ) (454 ) — (1,182 ) Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets — 102 14 — 116 Advances to affiliates — (664 ) (539 ) 1,203 — Repayment of advances to affiliates — 222 — (222 ) — Capital contributions to affiliates — (472 ) — 472 — Repurchase of share capital from affiliates — 8 — (8 ) — Other — — (3 ) — (3 ) Cash used in investing activities — (1,532 ) (982 ) 1,445 (1,069 ) Financing activities Dividends paid (255 ) (255 ) (214 ) 469 (255 ) Issuance of share capital — — 472 (472 ) — Return of share capital to affiliates — — (8 ) 8 — Issuance of CP Common Shares 21 — — — 21 Purchase of CP Common Shares (1,210 ) — — — (1,210 ) Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper — (24 ) (14 ) — (38 ) Net repayment of commercial paper — (8 ) — — (8 ) Advances from affiliates 1,189 — 14 (1,203 ) — Repayment of advances from affiliates — — (222 ) 222 — Other — (3 ) — — (3 ) Cash (used in) provided by financing activities (255 ) (290 ) 28 (976 ) (1,493 ) Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents — (4 ) (9 ) — (13 ) Cash position Decrease in cash and cash equivalents — (402 ) (84 ) — (486 ) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year — 502 148 — 650 Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ — $ 100 $ 64 $ — $ 164 |
Summary of Significant Accoun_3
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018mi | |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line items] | |
Miles of railway | 12,500 |
Short-term investments maturity, maximum | 3 months |
Expected return on fund assets, Market-related asset values used | five-year average of market values |
Market-related asset value, Maximum percentage | 120.00% |
Market-related asset value, Minimum percentage | 80.00% |
Unrecognized actuarial gains and losses, Maximum percentage | 10.00% |
Expected average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits | 12 years |
Probability threshold for recognizing income tax benefits to be realized upon settlement | 50.00% |
Favourable leases, customer relationships and interline contracts [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line items] | |
Amortization period of intangible assets with finite lives (years) | 15 years |
Favourable leases, customer relationships and interline contracts [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line items] | |
Amortization period of intangible assets with finite lives (years) | 20 years |
Accounting Changes - Narrative
Accounting Changes - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accounting Standards Update 2017-07 [Member] | |||
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items] | |||
New Accounting Pronouncement, Effect of Adoption, Quantification | $ 274 | $ 167 | |
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member] | |||
Change in Accounting Estimate [Line Items] | |||
New Accounting Pronouncement, Effect of Adoption, Quantification | $ 400 |
Revenues (Details)
Revenues (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | $ 7,254 | $ 6,492 | $ 6,173 | ||||||||
Leasing revenues | 62 | 62 | 59 | ||||||||
Total revenues | $ 2,006 | $ 1,898 | $ 1,750 | $ 1,662 | $ 1,713 | $ 1,595 | $ 1,643 | $ 1,603 | 7,316 | 6,554 | 6,232 |
Freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 7,152 | 6,375 | 6,060 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Grain revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 1,566 | 1,532 | 1,480 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Coal revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 673 | 631 | 606 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Potash revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 486 | 411 | 338 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Fertilizer and sulphur revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 243 | 241 | 284 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Forest products revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 284 | 265 | 275 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Energy, chemicals and plastics revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 1,243 | 898 | 852 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Metals, minerals and consumer products revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 797 | 739 | 564 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Automotive revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 322 | 293 | 350 | ||||||||
Freight [Member] | Intermodal revenue [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | 1,538 | 1,365 | 1,311 | ||||||||
Non-freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Revenue from contracts with customers | $ 102 | $ 117 | $ 113 |
Other expense (income) (Detail
Other expense (income) (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract] | |||
Foreign exchange loss (gain) on long-term debt | $ 168 | $ (186) | $ (79) |
Other foreign exchange losses (gains) | 3 | (7) | (5) |
Insurance recovery of legal settlement | 0 | (10) | 0 |
Legal settlement | 0 | 0 | 25 |
Charge on hedge roll and de-designation | 0 | 13 | 0 |
Other | 3 | 12 | 14 |
Total other expense (income) | $ 174 | $ (178) | $ (45) |
Net Interest Expense (Details)
Net Interest Expense (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Interest Income (Expense), Net [Abstract] | |||
Interest cost | $ 475 | $ 491 | $ 497 |
Interest capitalized to Properties | (20) | (16) | (25) |
Interest expense | 455 | 475 | 472 |
Interest income | (2) | (2) | (1) |
Net interest expense | $ 453 | $ 473 | $ 471 |
Net Interest Expense - Narrativ
Net Interest Expense - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Interest Income (Expense), Net [Abstract] | |||
Interest on capital leases | $ 11 | $ 11 | $ 11 |
Income Taxes - Summary of Major
Income Taxes - Summary of Major Components of Company's Income Tax Expense (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
Current income tax expense | $ 381 | $ 303 | $ 233 |
Origination and reversal of temporary differences | 214 | 371 | 336 |
Effect of tax rate decrease | (21) | (541) | 0 |
Effect of hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries | 64 | (42) | (20) |
Other | (1) | 2 | 4 |
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) | 256 | (210) | 320 |
Income tax expense | 637 | 93 | 553 |
Income before income tax expense | |||
Canada | 1,788 | 1,829 | 1,513 |
Foreign | 800 | 669 | 639 |
Income before income tax expense | 2,588 | 2,498 | 2,152 |
Current | |||
Canada | 336 | 257 | 165 |
Foreign | 45 | 46 | 68 |
Total current income tax expense | 381 | 303 | 233 |
Deferred | |||
Canada | 174 | 256 | 207 |
Foreign | 82 | (466) | 113 |
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery) | 256 | (210) | 320 |
Income tax expense | $ 637 | $ 93 | $ 553 |
Income Taxes - Deferred Income
Income Taxes - Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Deferred income tax assets | |||
Amount related to tax losses carried forward | $ 11 | $ 12 | |
Liabilities carrying value in excess of tax basis | 97 | 77 | |
Unrealized foreign exchange losses | 85 | 11 | |
Environmental remediation costs | 23 | 16 | |
Other | 2 | 11 | |
Total deferred income tax assets | 218 | 127 | |
Valuation Allowance | (5) | 0 | $ 0 |
Total net deferred income tax assets | 213 | 127 | |
Deferred income tax liabilities | |||
Properties carrying value in excess of tax basis | 3,496 | 3,181 | |
Pensions carrying value in excess of tax basis | 164 | 226 | |
Other | 71 | 41 | |
Total deferred income tax liabilities | 3,731 | 3,448 | |
Total net deferred income tax liabilities | $ 3,518 | $ 3,321 |
Income Taxes - Expected Income
Income Taxes - Expected Income Tax Expense at Canadian Statutory Rates Reconciled to Income Tax Expense (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
Statutory federal and provincial income tax rate (Canada) | 26.86% | 26.56% | 26.65% |
Expected income tax expense at Canadian enacted statutory tax rates | $ 695 | $ 663 | $ 573 |
Losses (gains) not subject to tax | 8 | (27) | (23) |
Canadian tax rate differentials | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Foreign tax rate differentials | (55) | (9) | 0 |
Effect of tax rate decrease | (21) | (541) | 0 |
Valuation Allowance | (5) | 0 | 0 |
Other | 5 | 6 | 3 |
Income tax expense | $ 637 | $ 93 | $ 553 |
Income Taxes - Reconciliation o
Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Positions Related to Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Positions to Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Roll Forward] | |||
Unrecognized tax benefits at January 1 | $ 13 | $ 13 | $ 15 |
Tax benefits related to the current year | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Gross uncertain tax benefits related to prior years | (1) | 0 | (2) |
Unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 | $ 13 | $ 13 | $ 13 |
Income Taxes - Narrative (Detai
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
Unrecognized tax benefits from capital losses | $ 0 | $ 0 | |
Effect of tax rate decrease | (21) | (541) | $ 0 |
Income tax operating losses carried forward | 8 | ||
Minimum tax credits carried forward | 0 | ||
Investment tax credits carried forward | 0 | ||
Net amount of accrued interest and penalties | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Total amount of accrued interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefit | $ 11 | $ 11 | $ 10 |
Earnings Per Share - Narrative
Earnings Per Share - Narrative (Details) - shares shares in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||
Dilutive options outstanding | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
Employee Stock Option [Member] | |||
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items] | |||
Number of options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Earnings Per Share - Number Of
Earnings Per Share - Number Of Shares Used In the Earnings Per Share Calculations (Details) - CAD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Earnings Per Share [Abstract] | |||||||||||
Net income | $ 545 | $ 622 | $ 436 | $ 348 | $ 984 | $ 510 | $ 480 | $ 431 | $ 1,951 | $ 2,405 | $ 1,599 |
Weighted average basic shares outstanding (in shares) | 142.9 | 145.9 | 149.6 | ||||||||
Dilutive effect of weighted average number of stock options (in shares) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.9 | ||||||||
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding (in shares) | 143.3 | 146.3 | 150.5 | ||||||||
Earnings per share - basic (in CAD per share) | $ 3.84 | $ 4.36 | $ 3.05 | $ 2.41 | $ 6.79 | $ 3.50 | $ 3.28 | $ 2.94 | $ 13.65 | $ 16.49 | $ 10.69 |
Earnings per share - diluted (in CAD per share) | $ 3.83 | $ 4.35 | $ 3.04 | $ 2.41 | $ 6.77 | $ 3.50 | $ 3.27 | $ 2.93 | $ 13.61 | $ 16.44 | $ 10.63 |
Other Comprehensive Income (L_3
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Related Tax Effects (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on: Before tax amount | |||
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries | $ 419 | $ (295) | $ (132) |
Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries | (479) | 319 | 150 |
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Before tax amount | |||
Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income | 10 | 25 | 10 |
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other | 28 | (6) | (12) |
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses | (447) | 84 | (422) |
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs | (2) | (4) | (12) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (471) | 123 | (418) |
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on: Income tax (expense) recovery | |||
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Effect of hedge of net investment in foreign subsidiaries | 64 | (42) | (20) |
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Income tax (expense) recovery | |||
Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income | (3) | (6) | (2) |
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other | (8) | 2 | 2 |
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses | 115 | (20) | 113 |
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | 169 | (65) | 96 |
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on: Net of tax amount | |||
Translation of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries | 419 | (295) | (132) |
Translation of the U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt designated as a hedge of the net investment in U.S. subsidiaries | (415) | 277 | 130 |
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Net of tax amount | |||
Realized loss on cash flow hedges recognized in income | 7 | 19 | 8 |
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other | 20 | (4) | (10) |
Change in pension and other benefits actuarial gains and losses | (332) | 64 | (309) |
Change in prior service pension and other benefit costs | (1) | (3) | (9) |
Other comprehensive (loss) income | $ (302) | $ 58 | $ (322) |
Other Comprehensive Income (L_4
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net of Tax (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||
Net deferred and unrealized losses on derivatives and other | $ (62) | $ (89) | |
Amounts for defined benefit pension and other post-retirement plans not recognized in income | (2,094) | (1,761) | |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (2,043) | (1,741) | $ (1,799) |
Net investment in U.S. subsidiaries | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on net investment | 862 | 443 | |
USD long-term debt designated as hedge of net investment | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) on net investment | $ (749) | $ (334) |
Other Comprehensive Income (L_5
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||
AOC Income (Loss), Opening balance | $ (1,741) | $ (1,799) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (394) | (71) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 92 | 129 | |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | (302) | 58 | $ (322) |
AOC Income (Loss), Ending balance | (2,043) | (1,741) | (1,799) |
Foreign currency net of hedging activities | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||
AOC Income (Loss), Opening balance | 109 | 127 | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 4 | (17) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 0 | (1) | |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 4 | (18) | |
AOC Income (Loss), Ending balance | 113 | 109 | 127 |
Derivatives and other | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||
AOC Income (Loss), Opening balance | (89) | (104) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 19 | (4) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 8 | 19 | |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 27 | 15 | |
AOC Income (Loss), Ending balance | (62) | (89) | (104) |
Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans | |||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||
AOC Income (Loss), Opening balance | (1,761) | (1,822) | |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (417) | (50) | |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 84 | 111 | |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | (333) | 61 | |
AOC Income (Loss), Ending balance | $ (2,094) | $ (1,761) | $ (1,822) |
Other Comprehensive Income (L_6
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss - Amounts in Pension and Post-Retirement Defined Benefit Plans Reclassification from AOCL (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total before income tax | $ 2,588 | $ 2,498 | $ 2,152 | ||||||||
Income tax recovery | (637) | (93) | (553) | ||||||||
Total net of income tax | $ 545 | $ 622 | $ 436 | $ 348 | $ 984 | $ 510 | $ 480 | $ 431 | 1,951 | 2,405 | $ 1,599 |
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member] | |||||||||||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Amortization of prior service costs | (2) | (4) | |||||||||
Recognition of net actuarial loss | 117 | 154 | |||||||||
Total before income tax | 115 | 150 | |||||||||
Income tax recovery | (31) | (39) | |||||||||
Total net of income tax | $ 84 | $ 111 |
Change in Non-Cash Working Ca_3
Change in Non-Cash Working Capital Balances Related to Operations - Change in Non-Cash Working Capital Balances Related to Operations (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Supplemental Cash Flow Elements [Abstract] | |||
Accounts receivable, net | $ (107) | $ (91) | $ 44 |
Materials and supplies | (11) | 9 | 14 |
Other current assets | 30 | (26) | (18) |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 153 | (30) | (95) |
Change in non-cash working capital, total | $ 65 | $ (138) | $ (55) |
Accounts Receivable, Net (Detai
Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | ||
Accounts receivable, Gross | $ 845 | $ 712 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (30) | (25) |
Accounts receivable, net | 815 | 687 |
Freight [Member] | ||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | ||
Accounts receivable, Gross | 677 | 536 |
Non-freight [Member] | ||
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items] | ||
Accounts receivable, Gross | $ 168 | $ 176 |
Disposition of properties Dispo
Disposition of properties Disposition of properties - Proceeds and Gains on Sale (Details) $ in Millions, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||
Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016CAD ($) | Mar. 31, 2016CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016CAD ($) | |
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items] | |||||||
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | $ 78 | $ 42 | $ 116 | ||||
Bass Lake Spur [Member] | |||||||
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items] | |||||||
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | $ 37 | $ 27 | |||||
Gain on sale of properties and other assets | 35 | ||||||
Gain after tax on sale of properties and other assets | $ 26 | ||||||
Obico [Member] | |||||||
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items] | |||||||
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | $ 38 | ||||||
Gain on sale of properties and other assets | 37 | ||||||
Gain after tax on sale of properties and other assets | $ 33 | ||||||
Arbutus Corridor [Member] | |||||||
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items] | |||||||
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment | $ 55 | ||||||
Gain on sale of property, pant and equipment | 50 | ||||||
Gain after tax on sale of property, plant and equipment | $ 43 |
Investments (Details)
Investments (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] | ||
Rail investments accounted for on an equity basis | $ 160 | $ 144 |
Other investments | 43 | 38 |
Total investments | $ 203 | $ 182 |
Properties - Net Properties (De
Properties - Net Properties (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Cost | $ 26,382 | $ 24,429 | |
Accumulated depreciation | 7,964 | 7,413 | |
Net book value | 18,418 | 17,016 | |
Depreciation expense | $ 696 | 661 | $ 640 |
Track and railway [Member] | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Weighted average annual depreciation rate | 2.80% | ||
Cost | $ 18,599 | 17,285 | |
Accumulated depreciation | 5,236 | 4,814 | |
Net book value | $ 13,363 | 12,471 | |
Buildings [Member] | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Weighted average annual depreciation rate | 3.00% | ||
Cost | $ 781 | 719 | |
Accumulated depreciation | 218 | 196 | |
Net book value | $ 563 | 523 | |
Rolling stock [Member] | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Weighted average annual depreciation rate | 2.80% | ||
Cost | $ 4,467 | 4,114 | |
Accumulated depreciation | 1,613 | 1,557 | |
Net book value | $ 2,854 | 2,557 | |
Information systems [Member] | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Weighted average annual depreciation rate | 10.40% | ||
Cost | $ 551 | 551 | |
Accumulated depreciation | 252 | 264 | |
Net book value | $ 299 | 287 | |
Other [Member] | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Weighted average annual depreciation rate | 5.10% | ||
Cost | $ 1,984 | 1,760 | |
Accumulated depreciation | 645 | 582 | |
Net book value | 1,339 | 1,178 | |
Internal-use Software Development [Member] | |||
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items] | |||
Capitalized costs attributable to design and development | 53 | 49 | 46 |
Depreciation expense | $ 49 | $ 55 | $ 63 |
Properties - Capital Leases Inc
Properties - Capital Leases Included in Properties (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Capital Leased Assets [Line Items] | ||
Cost | $ 312 | $ 312 |
Accumulated depreciation | 125 | 116 |
Net book value | 187 | 196 |
Buildings [Member] | ||
Capital Leased Assets [Line Items] | ||
Cost | 1 | 1 |
Accumulated depreciation | 1 | 1 |
Net book value | 0 | 0 |
Rolling stock [Member] | ||
Capital Leased Assets [Line Items] | ||
Cost | 311 | 311 |
Accumulated depreciation | 124 | 115 |
Net book value | $ 187 | $ 196 |
Goodwill and Intangible Asset_2
Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Goodwill | ||
Goodwill, Opening balance | $ 178 | $ 191 |
Amortization | 0 | 0 |
Foreign exchange impact | 16 | (13) |
Goodwill, Ending balance | 194 | 178 |
Intangible assets | ||
Cost, Opening balance | 22 | 22 |
Accumulated amortization, Opening balance | (13) | (11) |
Net carrying amount, Opening balance | 9 | 11 |
Amortization | (1) | (1) |
Foreign exchange impact | 0 | (1) |
Cost, Ending Balance | 22 | 22 |
Accumulated amortization, Ending Balance | (14) | (13) |
Net carrying amount, Ending balance | 8 | 9 |
Total goodwill and intangible assets | ||
Opening Balance | 187 | 202 |
Amortization | (1) | (1) |
Foreign exchange impact | 16 | (14) |
Ending Balance | $ 202 | $ 187 |
Other Assets (Details)
Other Assets (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Long-term materials | $ 26 | $ 24 |
Contracted customer incentives | 11 | 11 |
Prepaid leases | 10 | 5 |
Other | 24 | 29 |
Total other assets | $ 71 | $ 69 |
Accounts Payable and Accrued _3
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Payables and Accruals [Abstract] | ||
Trade payables | $ 474 | $ 402 |
Accrued charges | 360 | 256 |
Income and other taxes payable | 104 | 72 |
Accrued interest | 135 | 128 |
Dividends payable | 91 | 82 |
Payroll-related accruals | 78 | 72 |
Accrued vacation | 61 | 59 |
Stock-based compensation liabilities | 53 | 32 |
Estimated Litigation Liability, Current | 68 | 28 |
Provision for environmental remediation | 8 | 8 |
Financial derivative liability | 0 | 55 |
Other | 17 | 44 |
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ 1,449 | $ 1,238 |
Debt - Components of Long-term
Debt - Components of Long-term Debt (Detail) $ in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||
Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 8,757 | $ 5,970 | $ 8,219 | $ 5,755 |
Less: Unamortized fees on long-term debt | 61 | 60 | ||
Long-term debt, including current debt | 8,696 | 8,159 | ||
Less: Long-term debt maturing within one year | 506 | 746 | ||
Long-term debt | $ 8,190 | $ 7,413 | ||
6.500% 10-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 6.50% | 6.50% | 6.50% | 6.50% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | May 15, 2018 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 0 | $ 345 | ||
6.250% 10-year Medium Term Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 6.25% | 6.25% | 6.25% | 6.25% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jun. 1, 2018 | |||
Currency in which payable | CDN$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 0 | $ 375 | ||
7.250% 10-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 7.25% | 7.25% | 7.25% | 7.25% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | May 15, 2019 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 477 | $ 439 | ||
9.450% 30-year Debentures [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 9.45% | 9.45% | 9.45% | 9.45% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Aug. 1, 2021 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 341 | $ 314 | ||
5.100% 10-year Medium Term Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 5.10% | 5.10% | 5.10% | 5.10% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jan. 14, 2022 | |||
Currency in which payable | CDN$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 125 | $ 125 | ||
4.500% 10-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 4.50% | 4.50% | 4.50% | 4.50% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jan. 15, 2022 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 339 | $ 311 | ||
4.450% 12.5-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 4.45% | 4.45% | 4.45% | 4.45% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Mar. 15, 2023 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 477 | $ 438 | ||
2.900% 10-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 2.90% | 2.90% | 2.90% | 2.90% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Feb. 1, 2025 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 955 | $ 878 | ||
3.700% 10.5-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 3.70% | 3.70% | 3.70% | 3.70% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Feb. 2, 2026 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 340 | $ 313 | ||
4.000% 10-year Notes [Member] [Domain] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 4.00% | 4.00% | ||
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jun. 1, 2028 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 682 | $ 0 | ||
7.125% 30-year Debentures [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 7.125% | 7.125% | 7.125% | 7.125% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Oct. 15, 2031 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 477 | $ 439 | ||
5.750% 30-year Debentures [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 5.75% | 5.75% | 5.75% | 5.75% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Mar. 15, 2033 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 334 | $ 307 | ||
4.800% 20-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 4.80% | 4.80% | 4.80% | 4.80% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Sep. 15, 2035 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 408 | $ 375 | ||
5.950% 30-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 5.95% | 5.95% | 5.95% | 5.95% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | May 15, 2037 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 607 | $ 558 | ||
6.450% 30-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 6.45% | 6.45% | 6.45% | 6.45% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Nov. 17, 2039 | |||
Currency in which payable | CDN$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 400 | $ 400 | ||
5.750% 30-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 5.75% | 5.75% | 5.75% | 5.75% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jan. 15, 2042 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 336 | $ 308 | ||
4.800% 30-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 4.80% | 4.80% | 4.80% | 4.80% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Aug. 1, 2045 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 748 | $ 687 | ||
6.125% 100-year Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 6.125% | 6.125% | 6.125% | 6.125% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Sep. 15, 2115 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 1,228 | $ 1,129 | ||
5.41% Senior Secured Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 5.41% | 5.41% | 5.41% | 5.41% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Mar. 3, 2024 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 113 | $ 111 | ||
6.91% Secured Equipment Notes [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 6.91% | 6.91% | 6.91% | 6.91% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Oct. 1, 2024 | |||
Currency in which payable | CDN$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 106 | $ 120 | ||
7.49% Equipment Trust Certificates [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 7.49% | 7.49% | 7.49% | 7.49% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jan. 15, 2021 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 57 | $ 52 | ||
Obligations Under Capital Leases (6.99%) [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 6.99% | 6.99% | 6.99% | 6.99% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Mar. 12, 2022 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 104 | $ 96 | ||
Obligations Under Capital Leases (6.57%) [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 6.57% | 6.57% | 6.57% | 6.57% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Dec. 30, 2026 | |||
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 52 | $ 52 | ||
Obligations Under Capital Leases (12.77%) [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 12.77% | 12.77% | 12.77% | 12.77% |
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jan. 1, 2031 | |||
Currency in which payable | CDN$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 4 | $ 3 | ||
Total Long-term Debt Before Perpetual Consolidated Debenture Stock [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 8,710 | $ 8,175 | ||
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock (USD) [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 4.00% | 4.00% | 4.00% | 4.00% |
Currency in which payable | U.S.$ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 41 | $ 38 | ||
Perpetual 4% Consolidated Debenture Stock (GBP) [Member] | ||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||
Interest rate | 4.00% | 4.00% | 4.00% | 4.00% |
Currency in which payable | G.B.£ | |||
Long-term debt, including unamortized fees | $ 6 | $ 6 |
Debt - Narrative (Detail)
Debt - Narrative (Detail) $ in Millions, $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||
Long-term debt and capital lease obligation current and non-current | $ 8,757 | $ 5,970 | $ 8,219 | $ 5,755 |
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2019 | 501 | |||
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2020 | 67 | |||
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2021 | 382 | |||
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2022 | 494 | |||
Annual maturities and principal repayments in 2023 | $ 507 |
Debt - Components of Long-ter_2
Debt - Components of Long-term Debt - A (Narrative) (Details) $ in Millions, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | ||||||
Jun. 30, 2018CAD ($) | Jun. 30, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2017USD ($) | |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||||
Settlement of forward starting swaps on debt issuance | $ 24 | $ 0 | $ 0 | |||||
Forward Starting Swaps [Member] | ||||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||||
Derivative Liability, Notional Amount | $ 500 | $ 0 | $ 500 | $ 500 | ||||
Settlement of forward starting swaps on debt issuance | $ 24 | $ 19 | ||||||
4.00% 10-year Notes [Member] | ||||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||||
Interest rate | 4.00% | |||||||
Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $ 500 | |||||||
Debt Instrument, Term | 10 years | 10 years | ||||||
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jun. 1, 2028 | Jun. 1, 2028 | ||||||
Proceeds from Issuance of Debt | $ 638 | $ 495 | ||||||
6.500% 10-year Notes [Member] | ||||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||||
Extinguishment of Debt, Amount | $ 352 | $ 275 | ||||||
Interest rate | 6.50% | |||||||
Debt Instrument, Term | 10 years | 10 years | ||||||
6.250% 10-year Medium Term Notes [Member] | ||||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||||||||
Extinguishment of Debt, Amount | $ 375 | |||||||
Interest rate | 6.25% | |||||||
Debt Instrument, Term | 10 years | 10 years |
Debt - Components of Long-ter_3
Debt - Components of Long-term Debt - B (Narrative) (Detail) - 5.41% Senior Secured Notes [Member] $ in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
Interest rate | 5.41% | 5.41% | |
Value of locomotive units used as collateral | $ 111 | ||
Final repayment of principal amount | $ 44 |
Debt - Components of Long-ter_4
Debt - Components of Long-term Debt - C (Narrative) (Detail) - 6.91% Secured Equipment Notes [Member] - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | ||
Interest rate | 6.91% | 6.91% |
Value of locomotive units used as collateral | $ 81 | |
Final repayment of principal amount | $ 11 |
Debt - Components of Long-ter_5
Debt - Components of Long-term Debt - D (Narrative) (Detail) - 7.49% Equipment Trust Certificates [Member] $ in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||
Interest rate | 7.49% | 7.49% | |
Value of locomotive units used as collateral | $ 107 | ||
Final repayment of principal amount | $ 11 |
Debt - Components of Long-ter_6
Debt - Components of Long-term Debt - E (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
Capital Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due in 2019 | $ 16 | ||
Capital Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due in 2020 | 16 | ||
Capital Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due in 2021 | 16 | ||
Capital Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due in 2022 | 114 | ||
Capital Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due in 2023 | 9 | ||
Capital Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due Thereafter | 31 | ||
Total minimum lease payments | 202 | ||
Less: Imputed interest | (43) | ||
Present value of minimum lease payments | 159 | ||
Less: Current portion | (5) | ||
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations | 154 | ||
Additions to property, plant and equipment under capital lease obligations | 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Carrying value of assets collateralizing capital lease obligations | $ 187 | $ 196 |
Debt - Credit Facility (Narrati
Debt - Credit Facility (Narrative) (Detail) $ in Millions, $ in Millions | Jun. 08, 2018 | Jun. 23, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||||||
Posted collateral on letter of credit facility | $ 0 | $ 150 | |||||
Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | |||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||||||
Credit total available amount | $ 1,000 | ||||||
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date | Jun. 28, 2023 | Jun. 28, 2022 | |||||
Remaining Borrowing Capacity | 1,000 | $ 2,000 | |||||
Maximum capacity under credit facility | $ 2,000 | ||||||
Five-Year Portion [Member] | |||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||||||
Credit total available amount | 1,000 | ||||||
One-Year Plus One-Year Term-Out Portion [Member] | |||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||||||
Credit total available amount | 1,000 | ||||||
Letters of Credit [Member] | |||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||||||
Letters of Credit, Drawn | 60 | 319 | |||||
Maximum capacity under credit facility | 600 | 600 | |||||
Commercial Paper [Member] | |||||||
Debt Instrument [Line Items] | |||||||
Credit total available amount | $ 1,000 | ||||||
Commercial paper borrowings | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Financial Instruments - FV and
Financial Instruments - FV and CV of Long-term Debt (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | ||
Long-term Debt, Fair value | $ 9,639 | $ 9,680 |
Portion at Carrying Value | ||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | ||
Long-term Debt, Carrying value | $ 8,696 | $ 8,159 |
Financial Instruments (Detail)
Financial Instruments (Detail) $ in Millions, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||
Jun. 30, 2018CAD ($) | Jun. 30, 2017CAD ($) | Jun. 30, 2017USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018USD ($) | Jun. 30, 2018USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017USD ($) | |
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | |||||||||
Deposits in the form of short-term Investments | $ 0 | $ 0 | |||||||
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other | 28 | (6) | $ (12) | ||||||
Charge on hedge roll and de-designation | 0 | (13) | 0 | ||||||
4.00% 10-year Notes [Member] | |||||||||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | |||||||||
Debt Instrument, Face Amount | $ 500 | ||||||||
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate | 4.00% | 4.00% | |||||||
Debt Instrument, Term | 10 years | ||||||||
Forward Starting Swaps [Member] | |||||||||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | |||||||||
Floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps, Notional amount | $ 500 | $ 0 | $ 500 | $ 500 | |||||
Fair value loss | $ 24 | $ 19 | |||||||
Derivative, Notional Amount De-designated | 700 | ||||||||
Derivative, Notional Amount Settled | 200 | ||||||||
Payment for settlement of forward starting swaps | $ 22 | $ 16 | |||||||
Charge on hedge roll and de-designation | $ (13) | ||||||||
Gain (Loss) on Derivative, Net | 31 | (8) | |||||||
Forward Starting Swaps [Member] | Interest Expense [Member] | |||||||||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | |||||||||
Derivative losses amortized to net interest expense | 10 | 11 | |||||||
Derivative losses expected to be amortized to net interest expense | (9) | ||||||||
Forward Starting Swaps [Member] | Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Member] | |||||||||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | |||||||||
Fair value loss | 0 | 55 | |||||||
Treasury Rate Locks [Member] | |||||||||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | |||||||||
Unamortized losses, Treasury rate locks | 19 | 20 | |||||||
Treasury Rate Locks [Member] | Interest Expense [Member] | |||||||||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | |||||||||
Derivative losses amortized to net interest expense | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
Derivative losses expected to be amortized to net interest expense | (1) | ||||||||
Net Investment Hedge [Member] | |||||||||
Schedule of Investments [Line Items] | |||||||||
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges and other | $ (479) | $ 319 | $ 150 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities (De
Other Long-Term Liabilities (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
Stock-based compensation liabilities, net of current portion | $ 81 | $ 67 |
Provision for environmental remediation, net of current portion | 74 | 70 |
Deferred revenue on rights-of-way license agreements, net of current portion | 24 | 26 |
Deferred gains on sale leaseback transactions | 13 | 16 |
Other, net of current portion | 45 | 52 |
Total other long-term liabilities | 237 | 231 |
Aggregate provision for environmental remediation, including current portion | $ 82 | $ 78 |
Other Long-Term Liabilities - N
Other Long-Term Liabilities - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract] | |||
Expected time period for payment of Provision for environmental remediation | 10 years | ||
Environmental remediation costs charged to income | $ 6 | $ 5 | $ 6 |
Shareholders Equity - Narrative
Shareholders Equity - Narrative (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Oct. 19, 2018 | May 10, 2017 | Apr. 20, 2016 | |
Preferred shares issued (in shares) | 0 | |||||
Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | 4,600,000 | 1,900,000 | 6,900,000 | |||
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 1,127 | $ 381 | $ 1,210 | |||
2016 Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB) [Member] | ||||||
Common shares authorized to be repurchased | 6,910,000 | |||||
Share repurchase expiration date | May 1, 2017 | |||||
Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | 6,910,000 | |||||
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 1,210 | |||||
2017 Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB) [Member] | ||||||
Common shares authorized to be repurchased | 4,380,000 | |||||
Share repurchase expiration date | May 14, 2018 | |||||
Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | 1,888,100 | |||||
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 381 | |||||
Current Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB) [Member] | ||||||
Common shares authorized to be repurchased | 5,680,000 | |||||
Share repurchase expiration date | Oct. 23, 2019 | |||||
Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | 2,190,000 | |||||
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 568 | |||||
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] | ||||||
Adjustments to Additional paid in capital, exercise of stock options | 12 | 12 | 5 | |||
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Shareholders' Equity - Summary
Shareholders' Equity - Summary of Information Related to Common Share Balances (Detail) - shares shares in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward] | |||
Share capital, January 1 | 144.9 | 146.3 | 153 |
CP Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | (4.6) | (1.9) | (6.9) |
Shares issued under stock option plan | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
Share capital, December 31 | 140.5 | 144.9 | 146.3 |
Shareholders' Equity - Activiti
Shareholders' Equity - Activities Under Shares Repurchase Program (Detail) - CAD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Number of Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | 4,600,000 | 1,900,000 | 6,900,000 |
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 1,127 | $ 381 | $ 1,210 |
2017 and Current Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB) [Member] [Domain] | |||
Number of Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | 4,683,162 | ||
Weighted-average price per share | $ 240.68 | ||
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 1,127 | ||
2017 Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB) [Member] | |||
Number of Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | 1,888,100 | ||
Weighted-average price per share | $ 201.53 | ||
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 381 | ||
2016 Normal Course Issuer Bid (NCIB) [Member] | |||
Number of Common Shares repurchased (in shares) | 6,910,000 | ||
Weighted-average price per share | $ 175.08 | ||
CP Common Shares repurchased | $ 1,210 |
Pensions and Other Benefits - A
Pensions and Other Benefits - Additional Information (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Period of average market values for calculating net periodic benefit cost | 5 years | ||
Effect of one percentage point increase on the total of service and interest costs | $ 0 | ||
Effect of one percentage point decrease on the total of service and interest costs | 0 | ||
Effect of one percentage point increase on post-retirement benefit obligation | (5) | ||
Effect of one percentage point decrease on post-retirement benefit obligation | $ 5 | ||
Maximum value of underlying assets represented by financial derivatives, excluding currency forwards | 30.00% | ||
Company's common shares in fund assets, Shares | 86,084 | 107,330 | |
Net cost of defined contribution plan | $ 10 | $ 9 | $ 9 |
Multi-employer plan contributions | 3 | 5 | $ 4 |
Equity Securities [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Company's securities in fund assets | 21 | 25 | |
Debt Securities [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Company's securities in fund assets | $ 1 | 1 | |
US Dollar [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Plans exposure to foreign currency risk percentage | 33.00% | ||
Percentage of plan exposed to foreign currency risk, excluding currency forwards | 43.00% | ||
European Currencies [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Plans exposure to foreign currency risk percentage | 4.00% | ||
Other Currency [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Plans exposure to foreign currency risk percentage | 13.00% | ||
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Defined benefit pension plans' accumulated benefit obligation | $ 10,981 | $ 11,273 | |
Unamortized actuarial loss expected to be recognized in next fiscal year | 82 | ||
Unamortized prior service cost expected to be recognized in next fiscal year | 1 | ||
Other Post-retirement Benefit Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Unamortized actuarial loss expected to be recognized in next fiscal year | 2 | ||
Unamortized prior service cost expected to be recognized in next fiscal year | $ 1 |
Pensions and Other Benefits - N
Pensions and Other Benefits - Net Periodic Benefit Cost for DB Pension Plans and Other Benefits (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Other components of net periodic benefit recovery | $ (384) | $ (274) | $ (167) |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Current service cost (benefits earned by employees) | 120 | 103 | 106 |
Interest cost on benefit obligation | 438 | 451 | 467 |
Expected return on fund assets | (955) | (893) | (846) |
Recognized net actuarial loss | 114 | 153 | 190 |
Amortization of prior service costs | (2) | (5) | (7) |
Other components of net periodic benefit recovery | (405) | (294) | (196) |
Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost | (285) | (191) | (90) |
Other Post-retirement Benefit Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Current service cost (benefits earned by employees) | 12 | 12 | 11 |
Interest cost on benefit obligation | 19 | 20 | 21 |
Expected return on fund assets | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Recognized net actuarial loss | 2 | (1) | 7 |
Amortization of prior service costs | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Other components of net periodic benefit recovery | 21 | 20 | 29 |
Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost | $ 33 | $ 32 | $ 40 |
Pensions and Other Benefits - I
Pensions and Other Benefits - Information About DB Pension Plans and Other Benefits (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Change in fund assets: | |||
Fair value of fund assets, Beginning | $ 12,808 | ||
Fair value of fund assets, Ending | 12,349 | $ 12,808 | |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Change in projected benefit obligation: | |||
Benefit obligation at January 1 | 11,679 | 11,399 | |
Current service cost | 120 | 103 | $ 106 |
Interest cost | 438 | 451 | 467 |
Employee contributions | 47 | 44 | |
Benefits paid | (640) | (648) | |
Foreign currency changes | 20 | (15) | |
Plan amendments and other | 0 | 1 | |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (292) | 344 | |
Projected benefit obligation at December 31 | 11,372 | 11,679 | 11,399 |
Change in fund assets: | |||
Fair value of fund assets, Beginning | 12,808 | 12,196 | |
Actual return on fund assets | 82 | 1,183 | |
Employer contributions | 36 | 46 | |
Employee contributions | 47 | 44 | |
Benefits paid | (640) | (648) | |
Foreign currency changes | 16 | (13) | |
Fair value of fund assets, Ending | 12,349 | 12,808 | 12,196 |
Funded status - plan surplus (deficit) | 977 | 1,129 | |
Other Post-retirement Benefit Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Change in projected benefit obligation: | |||
Benefit obligation at January 1 | 518 | 510 | |
Current service cost | 12 | 12 | 11 |
Interest cost | 19 | 20 | 21 |
Employee contributions | 1 | 1 | |
Benefits paid | (33) | (35) | |
Foreign currency changes | 2 | (3) | |
Plan amendments and other | 0 | 0 | |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (18) | 13 | |
Projected benefit obligation at December 31 | 501 | 518 | 510 |
Change in fund assets: | |||
Fair value of fund assets, Beginning | 4 | 5 | |
Actual return on fund assets | 0 | (1) | |
Employer contributions | 32 | 34 | |
Employee contributions | 1 | 1 | |
Benefits paid | (33) | (35) | |
Foreign currency changes | 0 | 0 | |
Fair value of fund assets, Ending | 4 | 4 | $ 5 |
Funded status - plan surplus (deficit) | $ (497) | $ (514) |
Pensions and Other Benefits - P
Pensions and Other Benefits - Pension Plan Asset (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Fair value of fund assets at December 31 | $ 12,349 | $ 12,808 | |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Projected benefit obligation at December 31 | (11,372) | (11,679) | $ (11,399) |
Fair value of fund assets at December 31 | 12,349 | 12,808 | $ 12,196 |
Funded Status | 977 | 1,129 | |
Pension plans in deficit [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Projected benefit obligation at December 31 | (488) | (505) | |
Fair value of fund assets at December 31 | 222 | 227 | |
Funded Status | (266) | (278) | |
Pension plans in surplus [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | |||
Projected benefit obligation at December 31 | (10,884) | (11,174) | |
Fair value of fund assets at December 31 | 12,127 | 12,581 | |
Funded Status | $ 1,243 | $ 1,407 |
Pensions and Other Benefits -_2
Pensions and Other Benefits - Amounts Recognized in Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Pension asset | $ 1,243 | $ 1,407 |
Pension and other benefit liabilities | (718) | (749) |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Pension asset | 1,243 | 1,407 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (11) | (10) |
Pension and other benefit liabilities | (255) | (268) |
Total amount recognized | 977 | 1,129 |
Other Post-retirement Benefit Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Pension asset | 0 | 0 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (34) | (33) |
Pension and other benefit liabilities | (463) | (481) |
Total amount recognized | $ (497) | $ (514) |
Pensions and Other Benefits -_3
Pensions and Other Benefits - Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Losses (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ 2,094 | $ 1,761 |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Other than deferred investment gains | 2,233 | 2,555 |
Deferred investment gains | 611 | (178) |
Prior service cost | 0 | (2) |
Deferred income tax | (797) | (676) |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss | 2,047 | 1,699 |
Other Post-retirement Benefit Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Other than deferred investment gains | 61 | 81 |
Deferred investment gains | 0 | 0 |
Prior service cost | 2 | 2 |
Deferred income tax | (16) | (21) |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss | $ 47 | $ 62 |
Pensions and Other Benefits -_4
Pensions and Other Benefits - Actuarial Assumptions Used (Detail) | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Discount rate | 4.01% | 3.80% | 4.02% |
Projected future salary increases | 2.75% | 2.75% | 2.75% |
Health care cost trend rate | 7.00% | 7.00% | 7.00% |
Discount rate | 3.80% | 4.02% | 4.22% |
Expected rate of return on fund assets | 7.75% | 7.75% | 7.75% |
Projected future salary increases | 2.75% | 2.75% | 3.00% |
Health care cost trend rate change | 0.50% | ||
Ultimate health care cost trend rate | 5.00% | ||
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next fiscal year, prior year assumption | 7.00% | ||
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next fiscal year, two years prior assumption | 6.50% | 7.00% | |
Change in Assumptions for Defined Benefit Plans [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |||
Health care cost trend rate | 6.00% | 7.00% | 7.00% |
Expected rate of return on fund assets | 7.50% |
Pensions and Other Benefits - S
Pensions and Other Benefits - Summary of Pension Plan Asset Allocation and Current Weighted Average Policy Range (Detail) | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Asset allocation target | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Percentage of plan assets | 100.00% | 100.00% |
Cash and cash equivalents | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Asset allocation target | 1.20% | 0.50% |
Cash and cash equivalents | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Percentage of plan assets | 1.10% | 1.40% |
Cash and cash equivalents | Minimum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0 | 0 |
Cash and cash equivalents | Maximum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.1 | 0.05 |
Fixed income | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Asset allocation target | 24.10% | 29.50% |
Fixed income | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Percentage of plan assets | 25.60% | 26.10% |
Fixed income | Minimum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Fixed income | Maximum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Public equity | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Asset allocation target | 45.10% | 46.00% |
Public equity | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Percentage of plan assets | 50.20% | 53.30% |
Public equity | Minimum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.35 | 0.35 |
Public equity | Maximum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.55 | 0.55 |
Real estate and infrastructure | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Asset allocation target | 9.80% | 12.00% |
Real estate and infrastructure | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Percentage of plan assets | 7.70% | 6.20% |
Real estate and infrastructure | Minimum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.04 | .04 |
Real estate and infrastructure | Maximum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.13 | 0.2 |
Private debt | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Asset allocation target | 9.80% | 0.00% |
Private debt | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Percentage of plan assets | 1.30% | 0.00% |
Private debt | Minimum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0 | |
Private debt | Maximum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0 | |
Absolute return | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Asset allocation target | 10.00% | 12.00% |
Absolute return | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Percentage of plan assets | 14.10% | 13.00% |
Absolute return | Minimum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.04 | 0 |
Absolute return | Maximum [Member] | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | ||
Target asset allocation percentages | 0.13 | 0.18 |
Pensions and Other Benefits -_5
Pensions and Other Benefits - Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Plan Assets at Fair Value (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | $ 12,349 | $ 12,808 |
Cash and cash equivalents | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 139 | 176 |
Government bonds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 1,382 | 2,087 |
Corporate bonds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 1,734 | 1,215 |
Mortgages | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 41 | 45 |
Public equity | Canada | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 1,287 | 1,529 |
Public equity | U.S. and international | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 4,916 | 5,296 |
Real estate | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 697 | 622 |
Fund value subject to redemption | 583 | 542 |
Fund value not subject to redemption | 114 | 80 |
Unfunded commitments | 38 | 53 |
Infrastructure | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 259 | 176 |
Fund value subject to redemption | 130 | |
Fund value not subject to redemption | 129 | 176 |
Private debt | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 162 | |
Unfunded commitments | 608 | 0 |
Derivative Financial Instruments, Assets [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
Derivative, Notional Amount | 1,226 | 0 |
Derivative Financial Instruments, Liabilities [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | (7) | |
Derivative, Fair Value, Net | 7 | |
Absolute return | Funds of hedge funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 1,189 | 681 |
Absolute return | Multi-strategy funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 286 | 515 |
Absolute return | Credit funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 32 | 252 |
Absolute return | Equity funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 232 | 214 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 2,857 | 2,460 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Cash and cash equivalents | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Government bonds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Corporate bonds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Mortgages | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Public equity | Canada | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Public equity | U.S. and international | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Real estate | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 697 | 622 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Infrastructure | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 259 | 176 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Private debt | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 162 | |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Derivative Financial Instruments, Liabilities [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Absolute return | Funds of hedge funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 1,189 | 681 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Absolute return | Multi-strategy funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 286 | 515 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Absolute return | Credit funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 32 | 252 |
Investments measured at NAV [Member] | Absolute return | Equity funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 232 | 214 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 6,576 | 6,886 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Cash and cash equivalents | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 127 | 165 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Government bonds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 101 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Corporate bonds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 128 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Mortgages | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 41 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Public equity | Canada | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 1,287 | 1,467 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Public equity | U.S. and international | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 4,892 | 5,254 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Real estate | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Infrastructure | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Private debt | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Derivative Financial Instruments, Liabilities [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Absolute return | Funds of hedge funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Absolute return | Multi-strategy funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Absolute return | Credit funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member] | Absolute return | Equity funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 2,916 | 3,462 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Cash and cash equivalents | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 12 | 11 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Government bonds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 1,281 | 2,087 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Corporate bonds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 1,606 | 1,215 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Mortgages | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 45 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Public equity | Canada | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 62 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Public equity | U.S. and international | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 24 | 42 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Real estate | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Infrastructure | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Private debt | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Derivative Financial Instruments, Liabilities [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | (7) | |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Absolute return | Funds of hedge funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Absolute return | Multi-strategy funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Absolute return | Credit funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | 0 | 0 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member] | Absolute return | Equity funds | ||
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items] | ||
DB pension plans at fair values | $ 0 | $ 0 |
Pensions and Other Benefits -_6
Pensions and Other Benefits - Summary of Defined Benefit Pension Plan Assets Measured at Fair Value Using Unobservable Inputs (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward] | ||
Fair value of fund assets, Beginning | $ 12,808 | |
Fair value of fund assets, Ending | 12,349 | $ 12,808 |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward] | ||
Fair value of fund assets, Beginning | 12,808 | 12,196 |
Net realized gains | 82 | 1,183 |
Fair value of fund assets, Ending | 12,349 | 12,808 |
Real estate | ||
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward] | ||
Fair value of fund assets, Beginning | 622 | |
Fair value of fund assets, Ending | 697 | 622 |
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Real estate | Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | ||
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward] | ||
Fair value of fund assets, Beginning | $ 0 | 437 |
Disbursements | (43) | |
Net realized gains | 7 | |
Decrease in net unrealized gains | (7) | |
Net transfers (out of) Level 3 | (394) | |
Fair value of fund assets, Ending | $ 0 |
Pensions and Other Benefits -_7
Pensions and Other Benefits - Summary of Estimated Future Pension and Other Post-retirement Benefit Payments (Detail) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) |
Pension Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |
2,019 | $ 624 |
2,020 | 628 |
2,021 | 632 |
2,022 | 636 |
2,023 | 640 |
2024 – 2028 | 3,246 |
Other Post-retirement Benefit Plans, Defined Benefit [Member] | |
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Postretirement Benefits [Line Items] | |
2,019 | 34 |
2,020 | 32 |
2,021 | 31 |
2,022 | 30 |
2,023 | 30 |
2024 – 2028 | $ 144 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Stoc
Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Option Plan (Detail) - Employee Stock Option [Member] - CAD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Number of options, Options outstanding (in shares) | |||
Outstanding, January 1 | 1,479,275 | ||
Granted | 282,125 | ||
Exercised | (200,552) | ||
Forfeited | (26,650) | ||
Expired | (600) | ||
Outstanding, December 31 | 1,533,598 | 1,479,275 | |
Vested or expected to vest at December 31 | 1,500,135 | ||
Exercisable, December 31 | 819,496 | ||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract] | |||
Outstanding, January 1 (in dollars per share) | $ 150.64 | ||
Granted (in dollars per share) | 248.54 | ||
Exercised (in dollars per share) | 118.86 | ||
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | 211.80 | ||
Expired (in dollars per share) | 71.69 | ||
Outstanding at December 31 (in dollar per share) | 176.02 | $ 150.64 | |
Vested or expected to vest as at December 31 (in dollars per share) | 174.77 | ||
Exercisable at December 31 (in dollars per share) | $ 140.54 | ||
Number of options, Nonvested options (in shares) | |||
Outstanding (non-vested) January 1 | 682,927 | ||
Granted | 282,125 | ||
Vested | (226,623) | ||
Forfeited (non-vested) | (24,327) | ||
Outstanding (non-vested) December 31 | 714,102 | 682,927 | |
Weighted average grant date fair value, Nonvested options | |||
Outstanding (non-vested), January 1 (in dollars per share) | $ 45.46 | ||
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year (in dollars per share) | 55.63 | $ 45.78 | $ 39.01 |
Vested (in dollars per share) | 46.94 | ||
Forfeited (in dollars per share) | 47.65 | ||
Outstanding (non-vested), December 31 (in dollars per share) | $ 48.94 | $ 45.46 | |
Weighted average remaining term of vested or expected to vest options | 7 years | ||
Aggregate intrinsic value of vested or expected to vest options | $ 104 |
Stock-Based Compensation - St_2
Stock-Based Compensation - Stock Options Outstanding and Exercisable (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($)$ / sharesshares | |
Range of exercise prices from $36.29 - $122.76 [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Range of option exercise prices, minimum | $ 36.29 |
Range of option exercise prices, maximum | 122.76 |
Range of exercise prices from $122.77 - $200.75 [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Range of option exercise prices, minimum | 122.77 |
Range of option exercise prices, maximum | 200.75 |
Range of exercise prices from $200.76 - $217.68 [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Range of option exercise prices, minimum | 200.76 |
Range of option exercise prices, maximum | 217.68 |
Range of exercise prices from $217.69 - $272.92 [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Range of option exercise prices, minimum | 217.69 |
Range of option exercise prices, maximum | $ 272.92 |
Employee Stock Option [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Options outstanding, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 1,533,598 |
Options outstanding, Weighted average years to expiration | 5 years 2 months 12 days |
Options outstanding, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 176.02 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 104 |
Options exercisable, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 819,496 |
Options exercisable, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 140.54 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 83 |
Stock options in-the-money (in shares) | shares | 1,342,215 |
Stock options in-the-money weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 164.62 |
Stock options weighted average contractual Term | 4 years 6 months |
Employee Stock Option [Member] | Range of exercise prices from $36.29 - $122.76 [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Options outstanding, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 410,049 |
Options outstanding, Weighted average years to expiration | 3 years 3 months 18 days |
Options outstanding, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 93.51 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 61 |
Options exercisable, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 410,049 |
Options exercisable, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 93.51 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 61 |
Employee Stock Option [Member] | Range of exercise prices from $122.77 - $200.75 [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Options outstanding, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 339,686 |
Options outstanding, Weighted average years to expiration | 6 years 1 month 6 days |
Options outstanding, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 164.47 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 26 |
Options exercisable, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 232,206 |
Options exercisable, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 164.49 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 18 |
Employee Stock Option [Member] | Range of exercise prices from $200.76 - $217.68 [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Options outstanding, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 388,527 |
Options outstanding, Weighted average years to expiration | 5 years 1 month 6 days |
Options outstanding, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 205.80 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 14 |
Options exercisable, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 88,013 |
Options exercisable, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 207.63 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 3 |
Employee Stock Option [Member] | Range of exercise prices from $217.69 - $272.92 [Member] | |
Share-based Compensation, Shares Authorized under Stock Option Plans, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
Options outstanding, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 395,336 |
Options outstanding, Weighted average years to expiration | 6 years 2 months 12 days |
Options outstanding, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 242.25 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 3 |
Options exercisable, Number of options (in shares) | shares | 89,228 |
Options exercisable, Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share) | $ 228.12 |
Options outstanding, Aggregate intrinsic value | $ | $ 1 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Weig
Stock-Based Compensation - Weighted-Average Fair Value Assumptions (Detail) - Employee Stock Option [Member] - CAD ($) | May 10, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | ||||
Expected option life (years) | 5 years | 5 years 5 months 23 days | 5 years 3 months | |
Risk-free interest rate | 2.22% | 1.85% | 1.21% | |
Expected stock price volatility | 25.00% | 27.00% | 27.00% | |
Expected annual dividends per share (in dollars per share) | $ 0.6500 | $ 2.3854 | $ 2.0010 | $ 1.4000 |
Estimated forfeiture rate | 4.70% | 2.80% | 2.00% | |
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year (in dollars per share) | $ 55.63 | $ 45.78 | $ 39.01 | |
Expected annual dividends per share | $ 2.6000 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Sche
Stock-Based Compensation - Schedule of Options Exercised (Detail) - Employee Stock Option [Member] - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||
Total intrinsic value (in dollars per share) | $ 17 | $ 36 | $ 30 |
Cash received by the Company upon exercise of options | $ 24 | $ 45 | $ 21 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Summ
Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Performance Share Units Plan (Detail) - Performance Share Units [Member] - shares | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward] (in shares) | ||
Outstanding, January 1 | 334,028 | 373,593 |
Granted | 125,280 | 134,991 |
Units, in lieu of dividends | 3,643 | 3,571 |
Settled | (66,243) | (133,728) |
Forfeited | (38,635) | (44,399) |
Outstanding, December 31 | 395,048 | 334,028 |
Regular and Retention Grant [Member] | ||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Non-Option Equity Instruments, Outstanding [Roll Forward] (in shares) | ||
Granted | 162,255 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Su_2
Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Deferred Share Units Plan (Detail) - Deferred Share Units [Member] - shares | 12 Months Ended | |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward] (in shares) | ||
Outstanding, January 1 | 156,547 | 234,036 |
Granted | 16,481 | 23,932 |
Units, in lieu of dividends | 1,551 | 1,969 |
Settled | (20,072) | (33,682) |
Forfeited | (1,747) | (69,708) |
Outstanding, December 31 | 152,760 | 156,547 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Su_3
Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Total Share Based Liabilities (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||
Share based liabilities paid (in dollars per share) | $ 37 | $ 39 | $ 48 |
Performance Share Units [Member] | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||
Share based liabilities paid (in dollars per share) | 30 | 31 | 31 |
Deferred Share Units [Member] | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||
Share based liabilities paid (in dollars per share) | 6 | 6 | 17 |
Other share based liabilities [Member] | |||
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items] | |||
Share based liabilities paid (in dollars per share) | $ 1 | $ 2 | $ 0 |
Stock-Based Compensation - Narr
Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Detail) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($)$ / sharesshares | Dec. 31, 2017CAD ($)shares | Dec. 31, 2016CAD ($)shares | |
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Stock-based compensation expense (recovery) | $ 75 | $ 35 | $ 51 |
Share based liabilities paid | 37 | 39 | 48 |
Performance Share Units [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Stock-based compensation expense (recovery) | $ 54 | $ 30 | 29 |
Forfeited awards other than options | shares | 38,635 | 44,399 | |
Vesting period | 3 years | ||
Unrecognized compensation related to stock options | $ 29 | ||
Expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period | 1 year 7 months 6 days | ||
Units issued | shares | 125,280 | 134,991 | |
Grant date fair value | $ 40 | ||
Payout Percentage | 177.00% | 160.00% | |
Number of trading days | 30 days | 30 days | |
PSUs vested in period | shares | 117,095 | 82,800 | |
PSU payout amount | $ 54 | ||
Share based liabilities paid | $ 30 | $ 31 | 31 |
Performance Share Units [Member] | Regular and Retention Grant [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Units issued | shares | 162,255 | ||
Performance Share Units [Member] | Retention Grant [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Units issued | shares | 36,975 | ||
Deferred Share Units [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Stock-based compensation expense (recovery) | $ 4 | $ (3) | 2 |
Forfeited awards other than options | shares | 1,747 | 69,708 | |
Vesting period | 48 months | ||
Unrecognized compensation related to stock options | $ 0.6 | ||
Expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period | 1 year | ||
Units issued | shares | 16,481 | 23,932 | |
Grant date fair value | $ 4 | ||
Share based liabilities paid | $ 6 | $ 6 | 17 |
Matching % of DSU's granted to senior managers | 25.00% | ||
Ownership target threshold | 5 years | ||
Regular and Performance Stock Options [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Stock-based compensation expense (recovery) | $ 10 | 3 | 14 |
Vested and nonvested options forfeited, Number of shares | shares | 26,650 | ||
Company's closing stock price (in CAD per share) | $ / shares | $ 242.24 | ||
Stock-based compensation, expiration period | 7 years | ||
Fair value of options at grant date | $ 16 | 17 | 16 |
Unrecognized compensation related to stock options | $ 15 | ||
Expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period | 1 year 7 months 6 days | ||
Fair value of shares vested for stock option plan | $ 11 | 14 | 15 |
Regular and Performance Stock Options [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Vesting period | 12 months | ||
Regular and Performance Stock Options [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Vesting period | 48 months | ||
Employee Share Purchase Plan [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Stock-based compensation expense (recovery) | $ 5 | $ 4 | $ 5 |
Vesting period | 1 year | ||
Employer contribution to employee share purchase plan | $1 for every $3 contributed by employees | ||
Maximum percentage of annual salary that an employee can contribute | 6.00% | ||
Number of shares purchased on behalf of participants | shares | 118,865 | 130,041 | 140,560 |
Employer contributions | $ 6 | $ 5 | $ 5 |
Employer matching ratio per dollar contributed | 0.3333 | ||
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Employee benefits and stock-based compensation recovery | (51) | ||
Pension and other post-retirement benefits reversal of cost | $ (27) | ||
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Performance Share Units [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Forfeited awards other than options | shares | 22,514 | ||
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Deferred Share Units [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Forfeited awards other than options | shares | 68,612 | ||
Chief Executive Officer [Member] | Regular and Performance Stock Options [Member] | |||
Deferred Compensation Arrangement with Individual, Share-based Payments [Line Items] | |||
Vested and nonvested options forfeited, Number of shares | shares | 752,145 |
Variable Interest Entities (Det
Variable Interest Entities (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | |
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items] | |
Future minimum lease payments before tax | $ 485 |
Variable Interest Entity [Member] | |
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items] | |
Lease payments after tax | 16 |
Future minimum lease payments before tax | $ 169 |
Period over which lease payments will be paid | 12 years |
Commitments and Contingencies -
Commitments and Contingencies - Minimum Future Lease Payments Under Operating Leases (Details) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) |
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
2,019 | $ 90 |
2,020 | 71 |
2,021 | 55 |
2,022 | 50 |
2,023 | 49 |
Thereafter | 170 |
Total minimum lease payments | $ 485 |
Commitments and Contingencies_2
Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions | May 14, 2018CAD ($)claim | Dec. 28, 2017CAD ($) | Oct. 10, 2017CAD ($) | Jul. 11, 2016CAD ($)claim | Jul. 05, 2016CAD ($) | Jul. 04, 2016CAD ($)claim | Apr. 12, 2016CAD ($) | Jul. 06, 2015CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2018CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2017CAD ($) | Dec. 31, 2016CAD ($) |
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Period for which future capital and operating expenditures are committed, beginning year | 2,019 | ||||||||||
Period for which future capital and operating expenditures are committed, end year | 2,032 | ||||||||||
Estimated future purchase commitment | $ 951 | ||||||||||
Total minimum lease payments | 485 | ||||||||||
Expenses for operating leases | 97 | $ 104 | $ 111 | ||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Claimed damages as a result of derailment | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Amount of fund to be distributed | 440 | ||||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Irving Oil [Member] | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Value of damages sought | $ 60 | ||||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Quebec Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment, Wildlife and Parks | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Value of damages sought | $ 95 | ||||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Quebec Attorney General | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Value of damages sought | $ 315 | $ 409 | |||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Initial Insurer Claimants | Subrogated insurance claim | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Value of damages sought | $ 14 | $ 16 | |||||||||
Number of subrogated insurers | claim | 8 | ||||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Additional Insurer Claimants | Subrogated insurance claim | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Value of damages sought | $ 3 | ||||||||||
Number of subrogated insurers | claim | 2 | ||||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Plaintiff [Member] | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Value of damages sought | $ 5 | ||||||||||
Number of plaintiffs | claim | 48 | ||||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | The WD Trustee | Damaged railcars loss recovery | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Value of damages sought | 6 | ||||||||||
Lac-Megantic Rail Accident | Montreal Maine and Atlantic Railway | World Fuel Entities [Member] | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Value of damages sought | $ 110 | ||||||||||
Capital Expenditure [Member] | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total future committed expenditure | 586 | ||||||||||
Operating Expenditures [Member] | |||||||||||
Commitments and Contingencies [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total future committed expenditure | $ 1,200 |
Guarantees (Details)
Guarantees (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
Guarantees [Abstract] | ||
Residual value guarantees on operating lease commitments | $ 2 | |
Accrued guarantees recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ 10 | $ 9 |
Segmented and Geographic Info_3
Segmented and Geographic Information - Narrative (Details) - segment | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Segment Reporting [Abstract] | |||
Number of operating segments | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Number of customers that comprise more than 10% of total revenues and accounts receivable | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Segmented and Geographic Info_4
Segmented and Geographic Information - Geographic Information (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total revenues | $ 2,006 | $ 1,898 | $ 1,750 | $ 1,662 | $ 1,713 | $ 1,595 | $ 1,643 | $ 1,603 | $ 7,316 | $ 6,554 | $ 6,232 |
Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets | 18,892 | 17,452 | 18,892 | 17,452 | 17,121 | ||||||
Canada | |||||||||||
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 5,232 | 4,667 | 4,473 | ||||||||
Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets | 12,133 | 11,505 | 12,133 | 11,505 | 11,000 | ||||||
United States [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Total revenues | 2,084 | 1,887 | 1,759 | ||||||||
Long-term assets excluding financial instruments and pension assets | $ 6,759 | $ 5,947 | $ 6,759 | $ 5,947 | $ 6,121 |
Selected Quarterly Data (Unau_3
Selected Quarterly Data (Unaudited) (Details) - CAD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Quarterly Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||
Total revenues | $ 2,006 | $ 1,898 | $ 1,750 | $ 1,662 | $ 1,713 | $ 1,595 | $ 1,643 | $ 1,603 | $ 7,316 | $ 6,554 | $ 6,232 |
Operating income | 874 | 790 | 627 | 540 | 682 | 622 | 611 | 604 | 2,831 | 2,519 | 2,411 |
Net income | $ 545 | $ 622 | $ 436 | $ 348 | $ 984 | $ 510 | $ 480 | $ 431 | $ 1,951 | $ 2,405 | $ 1,599 |
Basic earnings per share | $ 3.84 | $ 4.36 | $ 3.05 | $ 2.41 | $ 6.79 | $ 3.50 | $ 3.28 | $ 2.94 | $ 13.65 | $ 16.49 | $ 10.69 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ 3.83 | $ 4.35 | $ 3.04 | $ 2.41 | $ 6.77 | $ 3.50 | $ 3.27 | $ 2.93 | $ 13.61 | $ 16.44 | $ 10.63 |
Condensed Consolidating Finan_3
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information - Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | $ 2,006 | $ 1,898 | $ 1,750 | $ 1,662 | $ 1,713 | $ 1,595 | $ 1,643 | $ 1,603 | $ 7,316 | $ 6,554 | $ 6,232 |
Operating expenses | |||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 1,468 | 1,309 | 1,356 | ||||||||
Fuel | 918 | 677 | 567 | ||||||||
Materials | 201 | 190 | 180 | ||||||||
Equipment rents | 130 | 142 | 173 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 696 | 661 | 640 | ||||||||
Purchased services and other | 1,072 | 1,056 | 905 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 4,485 | 4,035 | 3,821 | ||||||||
Operating income | 874 | 790 | 627 | 540 | 682 | 622 | 611 | 604 | 2,831 | 2,519 | 2,411 |
Less: | |||||||||||
Other expense (income) | 174 | (178) | (45) | ||||||||
Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost | (384) | (274) | (167) | ||||||||
Net interest expense (income) | 453 | 473 | 471 | ||||||||
(Loss) income before income tax (recovery) expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 2,588 | 2,498 | 2,152 | ||||||||
Less: Income tax (recovery) expense | 637 | 93 | 553 | ||||||||
Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Net income | $ 545 | $ 622 | $ 436 | $ 348 | $ 984 | $ 510 | $ 480 | $ 431 | 1,951 | 2,405 | 1,599 |
Freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 7,152 | 6,375 | 6,060 | ||||||||
Non-freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 164 | 179 | 172 | ||||||||
Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | (317) | (333) | (348) | ||||||||
Operating expenses | |||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 6 | 7 | 6 | ||||||||
Fuel | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Materials | 13 | 15 | 18 | ||||||||
Equipment rents | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Purchased services and other | (336) | (355) | (372) | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | (317) | (333) | (348) | ||||||||
Operating income | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Less: | |||||||||||
Other expense (income) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Net interest expense (income) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
(Loss) income before income tax (recovery) expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Less: Income tax (recovery) expense | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | (2,772) | (3,547) | (2,098) | ||||||||
Net income | (2,772) | (3,547) | (2,098) | ||||||||
Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations [Member] | Freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations [Member] | Non-freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | (317) | (333) | (348) | ||||||||
CPRL (Parent Guarantor) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Operating expenses | |||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Fuel | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Materials | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Equipment rents | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Purchased services and other | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Operating income | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Less: | |||||||||||
Other expense (income) | 19 | (33) | (40) | ||||||||
Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Net interest expense (income) | 3 | (12) | 1 | ||||||||
(Loss) income before income tax (recovery) expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | (22) | 45 | 39 | ||||||||
Less: Income tax (recovery) expense | (4) | 7 | 6 | ||||||||
Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1,969 | 2,367 | 1,566 | ||||||||
Net income | 1,951 | 2,405 | 1,599 | ||||||||
CPRL (Parent Guarantor) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | Freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
CPRL (Parent Guarantor) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | Non-freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 5,218 | 4,656 | 4,466 | ||||||||
Operating expenses | |||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 996 | 879 | 923 | ||||||||
Fuel | 716 | 522 | 458 | ||||||||
Materials | 139 | 134 | 130 | ||||||||
Equipment rents | 137 | 143 | 204 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 424 | 400 | 422 | ||||||||
Purchased services and other | 886 | 826 | 673 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 3,298 | 2,904 | 2,810 | ||||||||
Operating income | 1,920 | 1,752 | 1,656 | ||||||||
Less: | |||||||||||
Other expense (income) | 193 | (149) | (34) | ||||||||
Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost | (386) | (278) | (174) | ||||||||
Net interest expense (income) | 478 | 517 | 493 | ||||||||
(Loss) income before income tax (recovery) expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 1,635 | 1,662 | 1,371 | ||||||||
Less: Income tax (recovery) expense | 469 | 475 | 337 | ||||||||
Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 803 | 1,180 | 532 | ||||||||
Net income | 1,969 | 2,367 | 1,566 | ||||||||
CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | Freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 5,098 | 4,516 | 4,332 | ||||||||
CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | Non-freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 120 | 140 | 134 | ||||||||
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 2,415 | 2,231 | 2,114 | ||||||||
Operating expenses | |||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 466 | 423 | 427 | ||||||||
Fuel | 202 | 155 | 109 | ||||||||
Materials | 49 | 41 | 32 | ||||||||
Equipment rents | (7) | (1) | (31) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 272 | 261 | 218 | ||||||||
Purchased services and other | 522 | 585 | 604 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 1,504 | 1,464 | 1,359 | ||||||||
Operating income | 911 | 767 | 755 | ||||||||
Less: | |||||||||||
Other expense (income) | (38) | 4 | 29 | ||||||||
Other components of net periodic benefit (recovery) cost | 2 | 4 | 7 | ||||||||
Net interest expense (income) | (28) | (32) | (23) | ||||||||
(Loss) income before income tax (recovery) expense and equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 975 | 791 | 742 | ||||||||
Less: Income tax (recovery) expense | 172 | (389) | 210 | ||||||||
Add: Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Net income | 803 | 1,180 | 532 | ||||||||
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | Freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | 2,054 | 1,859 | 1,728 | ||||||||
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | Non-freight [Member] | |||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Revenues | $ 361 | $ 372 | $ 386 |
Condensed Consolidating Finan_4
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information - Condensed Consolidating Statements of Comprehensive Income (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended | |||||||||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Jun. 30, 2018 | Mar. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Sep. 30, 2017 | Jun. 30, 2017 | Mar. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Net income | $ 545 | $ 622 | $ 436 | $ 348 | $ 984 | $ 510 | $ 480 | $ 431 | $ 1,951 | $ 2,405 | $ 1,599 |
Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities | (60) | 24 | 18 | ||||||||
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 38 | 19 | (2) | ||||||||
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans | (449) | 80 | (434) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes | (471) | 123 | (418) | ||||||||
Income tax recovery (expense) on above items | 169 | (65) | 96 | ||||||||
Equity accounted investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (302) | 58 | (322) | ||||||||
Comprehensive income | 1,649 | 2,463 | 1,277 | ||||||||
Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations [Member] | |||||||||||
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Net income | (2,772) | (3,547) | (2,098) | ||||||||
Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Income tax recovery (expense) on above items | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Equity accounted investments | (121) | 237 | 447 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (121) | 237 | 447 | ||||||||
Comprehensive income | (2,893) | (3,310) | (1,651) | ||||||||
CPRL (Parent Guarantor) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||||||||||
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Net income | 1,951 | 2,405 | 1,599 | ||||||||
Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Income tax recovery (expense) on above items | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Equity accounted investments | (302) | 58 | (322) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (302) | 58 | (322) | ||||||||
Comprehensive income | 1,649 | 2,463 | 1,277 | ||||||||
CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||||||||||
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Net income | 1,969 | 2,367 | 1,566 | ||||||||
Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities | (479) | 318 | 149 | ||||||||
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 38 | 19 | (2) | ||||||||
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans | (455) | 82 | (443) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes | (896) | 419 | (296) | ||||||||
Income tax recovery (expense) on above items | 171 | (66) | 99 | ||||||||
Equity accounted investments | 423 | (295) | (125) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (302) | 58 | (322) | ||||||||
Comprehensive income | 1,667 | 2,425 | 1,244 | ||||||||
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||||||||||
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||||||||||
Net income | 803 | 1,180 | 532 | ||||||||
Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities | 419 | (294) | (131) | ||||||||
Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans | 6 | (2) | 9 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes | 425 | (296) | (122) | ||||||||
Income tax recovery (expense) on above items | (2) | 1 | (3) | ||||||||
Equity accounted investments | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive (loss) income | 423 | (295) | (125) | ||||||||
Comprehensive income | $ 1,226 | $ 885 | $ 407 |
Condensed Consolidating Finan_5
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information - Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | Dec. 31, 2015 |
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 61 | $ 338 | ||
Accounts receivable, net | 815 | 687 | ||
Accounts receivable, intercompany | 0 | 0 | ||
Short-term advances to affiliates | 0 | 0 | ||
Materials and supplies | 173 | 152 | ||
Other current assets | 68 | 97 | ||
Total current assets | 1,117 | 1,274 | ||
Long-term advances to affiliates | 0 | 0 | ||
Investments | 203 | 182 | ||
Investments in subsidiaries | 0 | 0 | ||
Properties | 18,418 | 17,016 | ||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 202 | 187 | $ 202 | |
Pension asset | 1,243 | 1,407 | ||
Other assets | 71 | 69 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 0 | 0 | ||
Total assets | 21,254 | 20,135 | ||
Current liabilities | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 1,449 | 1,238 | ||
Accounts payable, intercompany | 0 | 0 | ||
Short-term advances from affiliates | 0 | 0 | ||
Long-term debt maturing within one year | 506 | 746 | ||
Total current liabilities | 1,955 | 1,984 | ||
Pension and other benefit liabilities | 718 | 749 | ||
Long-term advances from affiliates | 0 | 0 | ||
Other long-term liabilities | 237 | 231 | ||
Long-term debt | 8,190 | 7,413 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 3,518 | 3,321 | ||
Total liabilities | 14,618 | 13,698 | ||
Shareholders’ equity | ||||
Share capital | 2,002 | 2,032 | ||
Additional paid-in capital | 42 | 43 | ||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (2,043) | (1,741) | (1,799) | |
Retained earnings | 6,635 | 6,103 | ||
Total shareholders' equity | 6,636 | 6,437 | $ 4,626 | $ 4,796 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 21,254 | 20,135 | ||
Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations [Member] | ||||
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 0 | 0 | ||
Accounts receivable, net | 0 | 0 | ||
Accounts receivable, intercompany | (516) | (465) | ||
Short-term advances to affiliates | (6,253) | (6,500) | ||
Materials and supplies | 0 | 0 | ||
Other current assets | 0 | 0 | ||
Total current assets | (6,769) | (6,965) | ||
Long-term advances to affiliates | (1,188) | (1,000) | ||
Investments | 0 | 0 | ||
Investments in subsidiaries | (23,446) | (22,745) | ||
Properties | 0 | 0 | ||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 0 | 0 | ||
Pension asset | 0 | 0 | ||
Other assets | 0 | 0 | ||
Deferred income taxes | (6) | (3) | ||
Total assets | (31,409) | (30,713) | ||
Current liabilities | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 0 | 0 | ||
Accounts payable, intercompany | (516) | (465) | ||
Short-term advances from affiliates | (6,253) | (6,500) | ||
Long-term debt maturing within one year | 0 | 0 | ||
Total current liabilities | (6,769) | (6,965) | ||
Pension and other benefit liabilities | 0 | 0 | ||
Long-term advances from affiliates | (1,188) | (1,000) | ||
Other long-term liabilities | 0 | 0 | ||
Long-term debt | 0 | 0 | ||
Deferred income taxes | (6) | (3) | ||
Total liabilities | (7,963) | (7,968) | ||
Shareholders’ equity | ||||
Share capital | (6,484) | (7,767) | ||
Additional paid-in capital | (1,748) | (1,902) | ||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | 1,204 | 1,325 | ||
Retained earnings | (16,418) | (14,401) | ||
Total shareholders' equity | (23,446) | (22,745) | ||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | (31,409) | (30,713) | ||
CPRL (Parent Guarantor) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | ||||
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 0 | 0 | ||
Accounts receivable, net | 0 | 0 | ||
Accounts receivable, intercompany | 125 | 97 | ||
Short-term advances to affiliates | 0 | 500 | ||
Materials and supplies | 0 | 0 | ||
Other current assets | 0 | 0 | ||
Total current assets | 125 | 597 | ||
Long-term advances to affiliates | 1,090 | 590 | ||
Investments | 0 | 0 | ||
Investments in subsidiaries | 11,443 | 10,623 | ||
Properties | 0 | 0 | ||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 0 | 0 | ||
Pension asset | 0 | 0 | ||
Other assets | 0 | 0 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 6 | 3 | ||
Total assets | 12,664 | 11,813 | ||
Current liabilities | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 115 | 82 | ||
Accounts payable, intercompany | 4 | 3 | ||
Short-term advances from affiliates | 5,909 | 5,291 | ||
Long-term debt maturing within one year | 0 | 0 | ||
Total current liabilities | 6,028 | 5,376 | ||
Pension and other benefit liabilities | 0 | 0 | ||
Long-term advances from affiliates | 0 | 0 | ||
Other long-term liabilities | 0 | 0 | ||
Long-term debt | 0 | 0 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 0 | 0 | ||
Total liabilities | 6,028 | 5,376 | ||
Shareholders’ equity | ||||
Share capital | 2,002 | 2,032 | ||
Additional paid-in capital | 42 | 43 | ||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (2,043) | (1,741) | ||
Retained earnings | 6,635 | 6,103 | ||
Total shareholders' equity | 6,636 | 6,437 | ||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 12,664 | 11,813 | ||
CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | ||||
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 42 | 241 | ||
Accounts receivable, net | 629 | 508 | ||
Accounts receivable, intercompany | 167 | 153 | ||
Short-term advances to affiliates | 1,602 | 1,004 | ||
Materials and supplies | 136 | 120 | ||
Other current assets | 39 | 31 | ||
Total current assets | 2,615 | 2,057 | ||
Long-term advances to affiliates | 5 | 0 | ||
Investments | 24 | 27 | ||
Investments in subsidiaries | 12,003 | 12,122 | ||
Properties | 9,579 | 8,982 | ||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 0 | 0 | ||
Pension asset | 1,243 | 1,407 | ||
Other assets | 57 | 56 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 0 | 0 | ||
Total assets | 25,526 | 24,651 | ||
Current liabilities | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 1,017 | 844 | ||
Accounts payable, intercompany | 344 | 309 | ||
Short-term advances from affiliates | 341 | 1,185 | ||
Long-term debt maturing within one year | 506 | 746 | ||
Total current liabilities | 2,208 | 3,084 | ||
Pension and other benefit liabilities | 639 | 672 | ||
Long-term advances from affiliates | 1,182 | 1,000 | ||
Other long-term liabilities | 120 | 108 | ||
Long-term debt | 8,135 | 7,362 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 1,799 | 1,802 | ||
Total liabilities | 14,083 | 14,028 | ||
Shareholders’ equity | ||||
Share capital | 538 | 1,037 | ||
Additional paid-in capital | 1,656 | 1,643 | ||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (2,043) | (1,742) | ||
Retained earnings | 11,292 | 9,685 | ||
Total shareholders' equity | 11,443 | 10,623 | ||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 25,526 | 24,651 | ||
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | ||||
Current assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 19 | 97 | ||
Accounts receivable, net | 186 | 179 | ||
Accounts receivable, intercompany | 224 | 215 | ||
Short-term advances to affiliates | 4,651 | 4,996 | ||
Materials and supplies | 37 | 32 | ||
Other current assets | 29 | 66 | ||
Total current assets | 5,146 | 5,585 | ||
Long-term advances to affiliates | 93 | 410 | ||
Investments | 179 | 155 | ||
Investments in subsidiaries | 0 | 0 | ||
Properties | 8,839 | 8,034 | ||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 202 | 187 | ||
Pension asset | 0 | 0 | ||
Other assets | 14 | 13 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 0 | 0 | ||
Total assets | 14,473 | 14,384 | ||
Current liabilities | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 317 | 312 | ||
Accounts payable, intercompany | 168 | 153 | ||
Short-term advances from affiliates | 3 | 24 | ||
Long-term debt maturing within one year | 0 | 0 | ||
Total current liabilities | 488 | 489 | ||
Pension and other benefit liabilities | 79 | 77 | ||
Long-term advances from affiliates | 6 | 0 | ||
Other long-term liabilities | 117 | 123 | ||
Long-term debt | 55 | 51 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 1,725 | 1,522 | ||
Total liabilities | 2,470 | 2,262 | ||
Shareholders’ equity | ||||
Share capital | 5,946 | 6,730 | ||
Additional paid-in capital | 92 | 259 | ||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | 839 | 417 | ||
Retained earnings | 5,126 | 4,716 | ||
Total shareholders' equity | 12,003 | 12,122 | ||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ 14,473 | $ 14,384 |
Condensed Consolidating Finan_6
Condensed Consolidating Financial Information - Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows (Detail) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||
Cash provided by operating activities | $ 2,712 | $ 2,182 | $ 2,089 |
Investing activities | |||
Additions to properties | (1,551) | (1,340) | (1,182) |
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | 78 | 42 | 116 |
Advances to affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Repayment of advances to affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Capital contributions to affiliates | 0 | 0 | |
Repurchase of share capital from affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other | 15 | 3 | (3) |
Cash used in investing activities | (1,458) | (1,295) | (1,069) |
Financing activities | |||
Dividends paid | (348) | (310) | (255) |
Issuance of share capital | 0 | 0 | |
Return of share capital to affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Issuance of CP Common Shares | 24 | 45 | 21 |
Purchase of CP Common shares | (1,103) | (381) | (1,210) |
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 638 | ||
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | (753) | (32) | (38) |
Net repayment of commercial paper | 0 | 0 | (8) |
Advances from affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Repayment of advances from affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Settlement of forward starting swaps on de-designation | 0 | (22) | 0 |
Other | 0 | 0 | (3) |
Cash used in financing activities | (1,542) | (700) | (1,493) |
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents | 11 | (13) | (13) |
Cash position | |||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (277) | 174 | (486) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 338 | 164 | 650 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 61 | 338 | 164 |
Consolidating Adjustments and Eliminations [Member] | |||
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||
Cash provided by operating activities | (700) | (479) | (469) |
Investing activities | |||
Additions to properties | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Advances to affiliates | 820 | 2,668 | 1,203 |
Repayment of advances to affiliates | (866) | (485) | (222) |
Capital contributions to affiliates | 1,039 | 472 | |
Repurchase of share capital from affiliates | (1,464) | (156) | (8) |
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cash used in investing activities | (1,510) | 3,066 | 1,445 |
Financing activities | |||
Dividends paid | 700 | 479 | 469 |
Issuance of share capital | (1,039) | (472) | |
Return of share capital to affiliates | 1,464 | 156 | 8 |
Issuance of CP Common Shares | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Purchase of CP Common shares | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 0 | ||
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Net repayment of commercial paper | 0 | ||
Advances from affiliates | (820) | (2,668) | (1,203) |
Repayment of advances from affiliates | 866 | 485 | 222 |
Settlement of forward starting swaps on de-designation | 0 | ||
Other | 0 | ||
Cash used in financing activities | 2,210 | (2,587) | (976) |
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cash position | |||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CPRL (Parent Guarantor) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||
Cash provided by operating activities | 316 | 338 | 255 |
Investing activities | |||
Additions to properties | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Advances to affiliates | 0 | (590) | 0 |
Repayment of advances to affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Capital contributions to affiliates | 0 | 0 | |
Repurchase of share capital from affiliates | 500 | 0 | 0 |
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cash used in investing activities | 500 | (590) | 0 |
Financing activities | |||
Dividends paid | (348) | (310) | (255) |
Issuance of share capital | 0 | 0 | |
Return of share capital to affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Issuance of CP Common Shares | 24 | 45 | 21 |
Purchase of CP Common shares | (1,103) | (381) | (1,210) |
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 0 | ||
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Net repayment of commercial paper | 0 | ||
Advances from affiliates | 820 | 1,383 | 1,189 |
Repayment of advances from affiliates | (209) | (485) | 0 |
Settlement of forward starting swaps on de-designation | 0 | ||
Other | 0 | ||
Cash used in financing activities | (816) | 252 | (255) |
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cash position | |||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 0 | 0 | 0 |
CPRC (Subsidiary Issuer) [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||
Cash provided by operating activities | 1,968 | 1,334 | 1,424 |
Investing activities | |||
Additions to properties | (971) | (950) | (728) |
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | 35 | 29 | 102 |
Advances to affiliates | (611) | (550) | (664) |
Repayment of advances to affiliates | 0 | 242 | 222 |
Capital contributions to affiliates | (1,039) | (472) | |
Repurchase of share capital from affiliates | 964 | 156 | 8 |
Other | 18 | 5 | 0 |
Cash used in investing activities | (565) | (2,107) | (1,532) |
Financing activities | |||
Dividends paid | (348) | (310) | (255) |
Issuance of share capital | 0 | 0 | |
Return of share capital to affiliates | (500) | 0 | 0 |
Issuance of CP Common Shares | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Purchase of CP Common shares | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 638 | ||
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | (753) | (32) | (24) |
Net repayment of commercial paper | (8) | ||
Advances from affiliates | 0 | 1,285 | 0 |
Repayment of advances from affiliates | (657) | 0 | 0 |
Settlement of forward starting swaps on de-designation | (22) | ||
Other | (3) | ||
Cash used in financing activities | (1,620) | 921 | (290) |
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents | 18 | (7) | (4) |
Cash position | |||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (199) | 141 | (402) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 241 | 100 | 502 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 42 | 241 | 100 |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries [Member] | Reportable Legal Entities [Member] | |||
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items] | |||
Cash provided by operating activities | 1,128 | 989 | 879 |
Investing activities | |||
Additions to properties | (580) | (390) | (454) |
Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets | 43 | 13 | 14 |
Advances to affiliates | (209) | (1,528) | (539) |
Repayment of advances to affiliates | 866 | 243 | 0 |
Capital contributions to affiliates | 0 | 0 | |
Repurchase of share capital from affiliates | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other | (3) | (2) | (3) |
Cash used in investing activities | 117 | (1,664) | (982) |
Financing activities | |||
Dividends paid | (352) | (169) | (214) |
Issuance of share capital | 1,039 | 472 | |
Return of share capital to affiliates | (964) | (156) | (8) |
Issuance of CP Common Shares | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Purchase of CP Common shares | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 0 | ||
Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper | 0 | 0 | (14) |
Net repayment of commercial paper | 0 | ||
Advances from affiliates | 0 | 0 | 14 |
Repayment of advances from affiliates | 0 | 0 | (222) |
Settlement of forward starting swaps on de-designation | 0 | ||
Other | 0 | ||
Cash used in financing activities | (1,316) | 714 | 28 |
Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on U.S. dollar-denominated cash and cash equivalents | (7) | (6) | (9) |
Cash position | |||
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (78) | 33 | (84) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 97 | 64 | 148 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ 19 | $ 97 | $ 64 |
Schedule II - Valuation and Q_2
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Details) - CAD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended | ||
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016 | |
Accruals for legal, personal injury and casualty-related claims [Member] | |||
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward] | |||
Beginning balance at January 1 | $ 118 | $ 130 | $ 133 |
Additions charged to expenses | 93 | 66 | 67 |
Payments and other reductions | (60) | (77) | (71) |
Impact of FX | 1 | (1) | 1 |
Ending balance at December 31 | 152 | 118 | 130 |
Environmental liabilities [Member] | |||
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward] | |||
Beginning balance at January 1 | 78 | 85 | 93 |
Additions charged to expenses | 6 | 5 | 6 |
Payments and other reductions | (7) | (8) | (12) |
Impact of FX | 5 | (4) | (2) |
Ending balance at December 31 | $ 82 | $ 78 | $ 85 |